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Score: 23.00 | Title: Pathogen-induced expressional loss of function is the key factor in race-specific bacterial resistance conferred by a recessive R gene xa13 in rice .
| Author: Yuan M Chu Z Li X Xu C Wang S | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 50 P : 947-55 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19318375 Accession (PMID): 19318375 | Abstract: The fully recessive disease resistance ( R ) gene xa13 , which mediates race-specific resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , encodes a plasma membrane protein that differs by one amino acid from that encoded by its dominant ( susceptible ) allele Xa13 .
The molecular mechanism of xa13-mediated resistance is largely unknown .
Here we show that , compared with its dominant allele , expressional non-reaction of xa13 to Xoo infection , not its protein composition , is the key factor for xa13-mediated resistance .
We used the promoter ( P ( Xa13 ) ) of the dominant Xa13 , which was induced by only the incompatible Xoo strain for xa13 , to regulate xa13 and xa13 ( Leu49 ) ( a natural recessive allele of xa13 ) in the rice line IRBB13 carrying xa13 .
The transgenic plants showed the same level of susceptibility and bacterial growth rate as those of the rice line carrying dominant Xa13 , accompanied by the induced accumulation of xa13 or xa13 ( Leu49 ) proteins .
Constitutive expression of dominant XA13 or different xa13 proteins ( xa13 , xa13 ( Leu49 ) , xa13 ( Ala85 ) or xa13 ( Val184 ) ) in IRBB13 had no effect on Xoo infection in the transgenic plants .
These results suggest that race-specific pathogen-induced Xa13 expression is critical for infection .
Thus , xa13 stands out from other R genes in that its functions in disease resistance are due to only the loss of pathogen-induced transcriptional motivation caused by natural selection .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 4, subscore: 7.00 ]: We used the promoter ( P ( Xa13 ) ) of the dominant Xa13 , which was induced by only the incompatible Xoo strain for xa13 , to regulate xa13 and xa13 ( Leu49 ) ( a natural recessive allele of xa13 ) in the rice line IRBB13 carrying xa13 . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 6.00 ]: Constitutive expression of dominant XA13 or different xa13 proteins ( xa13 , xa13 ( Leu49 ) , xa13 ( Ala85 ) or xa13 ( Val184 ) ) in IRBB13 had no effect on Xoo infection in the transgenic plants . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: The transgenic plants showed the same level of susceptibility and bacterial growth rate as those of the rice line carrying dominant Xa13 , accompanied by the induced accumulation of xa13 or xa13 ( Leu49 ) proteins . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The fully recessive disease resistance ( R ) gene xa13 , which mediates race-specific resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , encodes a plasma membrane protein that differs by one amino acid from that encoded by its dominant ( susceptible ) allele Xa13 . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Here we show that , compared with its dominant allele , expressional non-reaction of xa13 to Xoo infection , not its protein composition , is the key factor for xa13-mediated resistance . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The molecular mechanism of xa13-mediated resistance is largely unknown . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that race-specific pathogen-induced Xa13 expression is critical for infection . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , xa13 stands out from other R genes in that its functions in disease resistance are due to only the loss of pathogen-induced transcriptional motivation caused by natural selection .
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Score: 8.00 | Title: High-resolution genetic mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene Xa10 .
| Author: Gu K Sangha JS Li Y Yin Z | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 116 P : 155-63 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17924090 Accession (PMID): 17924090 | Abstract: Bacterial blight of rice , caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , is the most devastating disease of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
Rice lines that carry resistance ( R ) gene Xa10 confer race-specific resistance to Xoo strains harboring avirulence ( Avr ) gene avrXa10 .
Here we report on genetic study , disease evaluation and fine genetic mapping of the Xa10 gene .
The inheritance of Xa10-mediated resistance to PXO99A ( pHM1avrXa10 ) did not follow typical Mendelian inheritance for single dominant gene in F2 population derived from IR24 x IRBB10 .
A locus might be present in IRBB10 that caused distorted segregation in F2 population .
To eliminate this locus , an F3 population ( F3-65 ) was identified , which showed normal Mendelian segregation ratio of 3 : 1 for resistance and susceptibility .
A new near-isogenic line ( F3-65-1743 ) of Xa10 in IR24 genetic background was developed and designated as IRBB10A .
IRBB10A retained similar resistance specificity as that of IRBB10 and provided complete resistance to PXO99A ( pHM1avrXa10 ) from seedling to adult stages .
Linkage analysis using existing RFLP markers and F2 mapping population mapped the Xa10 locus to the proximal side of E1981S with genetic distance at 0 . 93 cM .
With five new RFLP markers developed from the genomic sequence of Nipponbare , Xa10 was finely mapped at genetic distance of 0 . 28 cM between proximal marker M491 and distal marker M419 and co-segregated with markers S723 and M604 .
The physical distance between M491 and M419 on Nipponbare genome is 74 kb .
Seven genes have been annotated from this 74-kb region and six of them are possible Xa10 candidates .
The results of this study will be useful in Xa10 cloning and marker-assisted breeding .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice lines that carry resistance ( R ) gene Xa10 confer race-specific resistance to Xoo strains harboring avirulence ( Avr ) gene avrXa10 . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we report on genetic study , disease evaluation and fine genetic mapping of the Xa10 gene . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The inheritance of Xa10-mediated resistance to PXO99A ( pHM1avrXa10 ) did not follow typical Mendelian inheritance for single dominant gene in F2 population derived from IR24 x IRBB10 . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A new near-isogenic line ( F3-65-1743 ) of Xa10 in IR24 genetic background was developed and designated as IRBB10A . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Linkage analysis using existing RFLP markers and F2 mapping population mapped the Xa10 locus to the proximal side of E1981S with genetic distance at 0 . 93 cM . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: With five new RFLP markers developed from the genomic sequence of Nipponbare , Xa10 was finely mapped at genetic distance of 0 . 28 cM between proximal marker M491 and distal marker M419 and co-segregated with markers S723 and M604 . [ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Seven genes have been annotated from this 74-kb region and six of them are possible Xa10 candidates . [ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results of this study will be useful in Xa10 cloning and marker-assisted breeding .
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Score: 6.00 | Title: Characterization of Xanthomonas oryzae-responsive cis-acting element in the promoter of rice race-specific susceptibility gene Xa13 .
| Author: Yuan T Li X Xiao J Wang S | Journal: Mol Plant Citation: V : 4 P : 300-9 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21208999 Accession (PMID): 21208999 | Abstract: The rice Xa13 gene , whose promoter harbors a UPT ( up-regulated by transcription activator-like [ TAL ] effector ) box , UPT ( PthXo1 ) , plays a pivotal role in the race-specific pathogenicity caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) strain PXO99 .
PXO99 causes rice disease by inducing Xa13 .
It is unknown , however , whether the UPT ( PthXo1 ) box is the only PXO99-responsive cis-regulating elements in the activation of Xa13 expression .
We analyzed the expression of a series of end and site-truncated and site-mutated Xa13 promoters in rice and the binding of PXO99 protein to the intact , partial , or site-mutated UPT ( PthXo1 ) boxes .
In the Xa13 promoter , UPT ( PthXo1 ) box is the only Xoo-responsive cis-acting element that results in PXO99-induced Xa13 expression .
The 5-terminal second , third , and fourth nucleotides of the box are important for bacterial protein binding and gene activation ; mutation of any one of these sites abolished PXO99-induced gene expression .
Furthermore , the 3-half of the UPT ( PthXo1 ) box is also required for protein binding and gene activation .
These findings will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the interaction of rice and Xoo via UPT boxes and TAL effectors .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In the Xa13 promoter , UPT ( PthXo1 ) box is the only Xoo-responsive cis-acting element that results in PXO99-induced Xa13 expression . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice Xa13 gene , whose promoter harbors a UPT ( up-regulated by transcription activator-like [ TAL ] effector ) box , UPT ( PthXo1 ) , plays a pivotal role in the race-specific pathogenicity caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) strain PXO99 . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: PXO99 causes rice disease by inducing Xa13 . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: It is unknown , however , whether the UPT ( PthXo1 ) box is the only PXO99-responsive cis-regulating elements in the activation of Xa13 expression . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We analyzed the expression of a series of end and site-truncated and site-mutated Xa13 promoters in rice and the binding of PXO99 protein to the intact , partial , or site-mutated UPT ( PthXo1 ) boxes .
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Score: 5.00 | Title: Genome-wide analysis of defense-responsive genes in bacterial blight resistance of rice mediated by the recessive R gene xa13 .
| Author: Chu Z Ouyang Y Zhang J Yang H Wang S | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Citation: V : 271 ( 1 ) P : 111-20 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14730444 Accession (PMID): 14730444 | Abstract: Defense responses triggered by dominant and recessive disease resistance ( R ) genes are presumed to be regulated by different molecular mechanisms .
In order to characterize the genes activated in defense responses against bacterial blight mediated by the recessive R gene xa13 , two pathogen-induced subtraction cDNA libraries were constructed using the resistant rice line IRBB13--which carries xa13--and its susceptible , near-isogenic , parental line IR24 .
Clustering analysis of expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) identified 702 unique expressed sequences as being involved in the defense responses triggered by xa13 ; 16% of these are new rice ESTs .
These sequences define 702 genes , putatively encoding a wide range of products , including defense-responsive genes commonly involved in different host-pathogen interactions , genes that have not previously been reported to be associated with pathogen-induced defense responses , and genes ( 38% ) with no homology to previously described functional genes .
In addition , R-like genes putatively encoding nucleotide-binding site/leucine rich repeat ( NBS-LRR ) and LRR receptor kinase proteins were observed to be induced in the disease resistance activated by xa13 .
A total of 568 defense-responsive ESTs were mapped to 588 loci on the rice molecular linkage map through bioinformatic analysis .
About 48% of the mapped ESTs co-localized with quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for resistance to various rice diseases , including bacterial blight , rice blast , sheath blight and yellow mottle virus .
Furthermore , some defense-responsive sequences were conserved at similar locations on different chromosomes .
These results reveal the complexity of xa13-mediated resistance .
The information obtained in this study provides a large source of candidate genes for understanding the molecular bases of defense responses activated by recessive R genes and of quantitative disease resistance . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: In order to characterize the genes activated in defense responses against bacterial blight mediated by the recessive R gene xa13 , two pathogen-induced subtraction cDNA libraries were constructed using the resistant rice line IRBB13--which carries xa13--and its susceptible , near-isogenic , parental line IR24 . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clustering analysis of expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) identified 702 unique expressed sequences as being involved in the defense responses triggered by xa13 ; 16% of these are new rice ESTs . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , R-like genes putatively encoding nucleotide-binding site/leucine rich repeat ( NBS-LRR ) and LRR receptor kinase proteins were observed to be induced in the disease resistance activated by xa13 . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results reveal the complexity of xa13-mediated resistance .
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Score: 5.00 | Title: Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice .
| Author: Chu Z Yuan M Yao J Ge X Yuan B Xu C Li X Fu B Li Z Bennetzen JL Zhang Q Wang S | Journal: Genes Dev .
Citation: V : 20 ( 10 ) P : 1250-5 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16648463 Accession (PMID): 16648463 | Abstract: Disease resistance and sexual reproductive development are generally considered as separate biological processes , regulated by different sets of genes .
Here we show that xa13 , a recessive allele conferring disease resistance against bacterial blight , one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide , plays a key role in both disease resistance and pollen development .
The dominant allele , Xa13 , is required for both bacterial growth and pollen development .
Promoter mutations in Xa13 cause down-regulation of expression during host-pathogen interaction , resulting in the fully recessive xa13 that confers race-specific resistance .
The recessive xa13 allele represents a new type of plant disease resistance . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Promoter mutations in Xa13 cause down-regulation of expression during host-pathogen interaction , resulting in the fully recessive xa13 that confers race-specific resistance . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we show that xa13 , a recessive allele conferring disease resistance against bacterial blight , one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide , plays a key role in both disease resistance and pollen development . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The dominant allele , Xa13 , is required for both bacterial growth and pollen development . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The recessive xa13 allele represents a new type of plant disease resistance .
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Score: 5.00 | Title: The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae overcomes rice defenses by regulating host copper redistribution .
| Author: Yuan M Chu Z Li X Xu C Wang S | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 22 P : 3164-76 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20852017 Accession (PMID): 20852017 | Abstract: Pathogen effectors are virulence factors causing plant diseases .
How the host targets of these effectors facilitate pathogen infection is largely unknown .
An effector of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae ( Xoo ) transcriptionally activates rice ( Oryza sativa ) susceptibility gene Xa13 to cause bacterial blight disease .
Xa13 encodes an indispensable plasma membrane protein of the MtN3/saliva family , which is prevalent in eukaryotes with unknown biochemical function .
We show that the XA13 protein cooperates with two other proteins , COPT1 and COPT5 , to promote removal of copper from xylem vessels , where Xoo multiplies and spreads to cause disease .
Copper , an essential micronutrient of plants and an important element for a number of pesticides in agriculture , suppresses Xoo growth .
Xoo strain PXO99 is more sensitive to copper than other strains ; its infection of rice is associated with activation of XA13 , COPT1 , and COPT5 , which modulate copper redistribution in rice .
The involvement of XA13 in copper redistribution has led us to propose a mechanism of bacterial virulence .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: An effector of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae ( Xoo ) transcriptionally activates rice ( Oryza sativa ) susceptibility gene Xa13 to cause bacterial blight disease . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa13 encodes an indispensable plasma membrane protein of the MtN3/saliva family , which is prevalent in eukaryotes with unknown biochemical function . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We show that the XA13 protein cooperates with two other proteins , COPT1 and COPT5 , to promote removal of copper from xylem vessels , where Xoo multiplies and spreads to cause disease . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xoo strain PXO99 is more sensitive to copper than other strains ; its infection of rice is associated with activation of XA13 , COPT1 , and COPT5 , which modulate copper redistribution in rice . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The involvement of XA13 in copper redistribution has led us to propose a mechanism of bacterial virulence .
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Score: 5.00 | Title: Gene silencing using the recessive rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa13 as a new paradigm in plant breeding .
| Author: Li C Wei J Lin Y Chen H | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 31 P : 851-62 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22218673 Accession (PMID): 22218673 | Abstract: Resistant germplasm resources are valuable for developing resistant varieties in agricultural production .
However , recessive resistance genes are usually overlooked in hybrid breeding .
Compared with dominant traits , however , they may confer resistance to different pathogenic races or pest biotypes with different mechanisms of action .
The recessive rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa13 , also involved in pollen development , has been cloned and its resistance mechanism has been recently characterized .
This report describes the conversion of bacterial blight resistance mediated by the recessive xa13 gene into a dominant trait to facilitate its use in a breeding program .
This was achieved by knockdown of the corresponding dominant allele Xa13 in transgenic rice using recently developed artificial microRNA technology .
Tissue-specific promoters were used to exclude most of the expression of artificial microRNA in the anther to ensure that Xa13 functioned normally during pollen development .
A battery of highly bacterial blight resistant transgenic plants with normal seed setting rates were acquired , indicating that highly specific gene silencing had been achieved .
Our success with xa13 provides a paradigm that can be adapted to other recessive resistance genes .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The recessive rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa13 , also involved in pollen development , has been cloned and its resistance mechanism has been recently characterized . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: This report describes the conversion of bacterial blight resistance mediated by the recessive xa13 gene into a dominant trait to facilitate its use in a breeding program . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This was achieved by knockdown of the corresponding dominant allele Xa13 in transgenic rice using recently developed artificial microRNA technology . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tissue-specific promoters were used to exclude most of the expression of artificial microRNA in the anther to ensure that Xa13 functioned normally during pollen development . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our success with xa13 provides a paradigm that can be adapted to other recessive resistance genes .
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Score: 5.00 | Title: Expression of Xa1 , a bacterial blight-resistance gene in rice , is induced by bacterial inoculation .
| Author: Yoshimura S Yamanouchi U Katayose Y Toki S Wang ZX Kono I Kurata N Yano M Iwata N Sasaki T | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 95 ( 4 ) P : 1663-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9465073 Accession (PMID): 9465073 | Abstract: The Xa1 gene in rice confers resistance to Japanese race 1 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , the causal pathogen of bacterial blight ( BB ) .
We isolated the Xa1 gene by a map-based cloning strategy .
The deduced amino acid sequence of the Xa1 gene product contains nucleotide binding sites ( NBS ) and a new type of leucine-rich repeats ( LRR ) ; thus , Xa1 is a member of the NBS-LRR class of plant disease-resistance genes , but quite different from Xa21 , another BB-resistance gene isolated from rice .
Interestingly , Xa1 gene expression was induced on inoculation with a bacterial pathogen and wound , unlike other isolated resistance genes in plants , which show constitutive expression .
The induced expression may be involved in enhancement of resistance against the pathogen . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence of the Xa1 gene product contains nucleotide binding sites ( NBS ) and a new type of leucine-rich repeats ( LRR ) ; thus , Xa1 is a member of the NBS-LRR class of plant disease-resistance genes , but quite different from Xa21 , another BB-resistance gene isolated from rice . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Xa1 gene in rice confers resistance to Japanese race 1 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , the causal pathogen of bacterial blight ( BB ) . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We isolated the Xa1 gene by a map-based cloning strategy . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Interestingly , Xa1 gene expression was induced on inoculation with a bacterial pathogen and wound , unlike other isolated resistance genes in plants , which show constitutive expression .
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Score: 4.00 | Title: Targeting xa13 , a recessive gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice .
| Author: Chu Z Fu B Yang H Xu C Li Z Sanchez A Park YJ Bennetzen JL Zhang Q Wang S | Journal: Theor . Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 112 ( 3 ) P : 455-61 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16328230 Accession (PMID): 16328230 | Abstract: Bacterial blight , caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , is one of the most serious diseases of rice worldwide .
Thirty bacterial blight resistance ( R ) genes ( 21 dominant genes and 9 recessive genes ) in rice have been identified .
They are the main sources for the genetic improvement of rice for resistance to Xoo .
However , little is known about the recessive R genes .
To clone and characterize the recessive R genes , we fine-mapped xa13 , a fully recessive gene for Xoo resistance , to a DNA fragment of 14 . 8 kb using the map-based cloning strategy and a series of sequence-based molecular markers .
Sequence analysis of this fragment indicated that this region contains only two apparently intact candidate genes ( an extensin-like gene and a homologue of nodulin MtN3 ) and the 5 end of a predicted hypothetical gene .
These results will greatly facilitate the isolation and characterization of xa13 .
Four PCR-based markers , E6a , SR6 , ST9 and SR11 that were tightly linked to the xa13 locus , were also developed .
These markers will be useful tools for the marker-assisted selection of xa13 in breeding programs . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: To clone and characterize the recessive R genes , we fine-mapped xa13 , a fully recessive gene for Xoo resistance , to a DNA fragment of 14 . 8 kb using the map-based cloning strategy and a series of sequence-based molecular markers . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results will greatly facilitate the isolation and characterization of xa13 . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four PCR-based markers , E6a , SR6 , ST9 and SR11 that were tightly linked to the xa13 locus , were also developed . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These markers will be useful tools for the marker-assisted selection of xa13 in breeding programs .
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Score: 4.00 | Title: Detection of bacterial blight resistance genes in basmati rice landraces .
| Author: Ullah I Jamil S Iqbal MZ Shaheen HL Hasni SM Jabeen S Mehmood A Akhter M | Journal: Genet Mol Res Citation: V : 11 P : 1960-6 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22869552 Accession (PMID): 22869552 | Abstract: Aromatic basmati rice is vulnerable to bacterial blight disease .
Genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight have been identified in coarse rice ; however , their incorporation into basmati varieties compromises the prized basmati aroma .
We identified bacterial blight resistance genes Xa4 , xa5 , Xa7 , and xa13 in 52 basmati landraces and five basmati cultivars using PCR markers .
The Xa7 gene was found to be the most prevalent among the cultivars and landraces .
The cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 also contained the Xa4 gene ; however , xa5 and xa13 were confined to landraces only .
Ten landraces were found to have multiple resistance genes .
Landraces Basmati-106 , Basmati-189 and Basmati-208 contained Xa4 and Xa7 genes .
Whereas , landraces Basmati-122 , Basmati-427 , Basmati-433 were observed to have xa5 and Xa7 genes .
Landraces Basmati-48 , Basmati-51A , Basmati-334 , and Basmati-370A possessed Xa7 and xa13 genes .
The use of landraces containing recessive genes xa5 and xa13 as donor parents in hybridization with cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 , which contain the genes Xa4 and Xa7 , will expedite efforts to develop bacterial blight-resistant basmati rice cultivars through marker assisted selection , based on a pyramiding approach , without compromising aroma and grain quality .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We identified bacterial blight resistance genes Xa4 , xa5 , Xa7 , and xa13 in 52 basmati landraces and five basmati cultivars using PCR markers . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 also contained the Xa4 gene ; however , xa5 and xa13 were confined to landraces only . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Landraces Basmati-48 , Basmati-51A , Basmati-334 , and Basmati-370A possessed Xa7 and xa13 genes . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The use of landraces containing recessive genes xa5 and xa13 as donor parents in hybridization with cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 , which contain the genes Xa4 and Xa7 , will expedite efforts to develop bacterial blight-resistant basmati rice cultivars through marker assisted selection , based on a pyramiding approach , without compromising aroma and grain quality .
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