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Score: 20.00 |
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| Title: Sugar uptake analysis of suspension Arabidopsis , tobacco , and rice cells in various media using an FT-IR/ATR method .
| | Author: Suehara KI Kameoka T Hashimoto A | | Journal: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22395819 Accession (PMID): 22395819 | | Abstract: The kinetic behavior of the sugar uptake phenomena of a suspension of Arabidopsis cells was investigated by mid-infrared spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared spectrometers and attenuated total reflection techniques .
The kinetic behavior of the cell growth was also studied and the growth and the sugar uptake behaviors were discussed for three typical plant cells ( Arabidopsis , TBY-2 , and rice cells ) .
The cell growth rate and the lag period were influenced by not only the types of the plant cells , but also the sugar species used as the carbon source .
The characteristics of the sugar uptake behavior were clarified based on the difference in the three types of plant cells .
The cell growth and the sugar uptake progressed at approximately the same time in the TBY-2 cells .
In the rice cells , the sugar uptake rate was relatively lower than that of the others .
On the other hand , the sugar uptake of the Arabidopsis cells started before the cell growth .
Furthermore , glucose as the carbon source of the Arabidopsis cell cultivation seems to significantly influence the sugar metabolism .
Glucose had a significant influence on the sugar metabolism of the other sugar under the conditions for the mixture of glucose and the other sugar .
The characteristics of the sugar uptake phenomena based on the cell growth stage was typical for each plant cell except for some sugars , such as galactose and trehalose , and the behavior of the total sugar uptake had not changed .
These results suggested that the cell growth and the sugar uptake in the plant cell cultivation processes may be controlled by the combined supply of the sugar species as the carbon source .
The detailed data for plant cell cultivation using each sugar obtained in this study would be useful for bioscience research and for cultivation process control using various sugars , for example , purified or sugar mixtures formed from biomass materials .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Glucose had a significant influence on the sugar metabolism of the other sugar under the conditions for the mixture of glucose and the other sugar .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: The characteristics of the sugar uptake phenomena based on the cell growth stage was typical for each plant cell except for some sugars , such as galactose and trehalose , and the behavior of the total sugar uptake had not changed .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 3.00 ]: These results suggested that the cell growth and the sugar uptake in the plant cell cultivation processes may be controlled by the combined supply of the sugar species as the carbon source .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 3.00 ]: The detailed data for plant cell cultivation using each sugar obtained in this study would be useful for bioscience research and for cultivation process control using various sugars , for example , purified or sugar mixtures formed from biomass materials .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The kinetic behavior of the sugar uptake phenomena of a suspension of Arabidopsis cells was investigated by mid-infrared spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared spectrometers and attenuated total reflection techniques .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The kinetic behavior of the cell growth was also studied and the growth and the sugar uptake behaviors were discussed for three typical plant cells ( Arabidopsis , TBY-2 , and rice cells ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cell growth rate and the lag period were influenced by not only the types of the plant cells , but also the sugar species used as the carbon source .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The characteristics of the sugar uptake behavior were clarified based on the difference in the three types of plant cells .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cell growth and the sugar uptake progressed at approximately the same time in the TBY-2 cells .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the rice cells , the sugar uptake rate was relatively lower than that of the others .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: On the other hand , the sugar uptake of the Arabidopsis cells started before the cell growth .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , glucose as the carbon source of the Arabidopsis cell cultivation seems to significantly influence the sugar metabolism .
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Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Interaction between rice MYBGA and the gibberellin response element controls it issue-specific sugar sensitivity of alpha-amylase genes .
| | Author: Chen PW Chiang CM Tseng TH Yu SM .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 18 ( 9 ) P : 2326-40 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16905658 Accession (PMID): 16905658 | | Abstract: Expression of alpha-amylase genes during cereal grain germination and seedling growth is regulated negatively by sugar in embryos and positively by gibberellin ( GA ) in endosperm through the sugar response complex ( SRC ) and the GA response complex ( GARC ) , respectively .
We analyzed two alpha-amylase promoters , alphaAmy3 containing only SRC and alphaAmy8 containing overlapped SRC and GARC .
alphaAmy3 was sugar-sensitive but GA-nonresponsive in both rice ( Oryza sativa ) embryos and endosperms , whereas alphaAmy8 was sugar-sensitive in embryos and GA-responsive in endosperms .
Mutation of the GA response element ( GARE ) in the alphaAmy8 promoter impaired its GA response but enhanced sugar sensitivity , and insertion of GARE in the alphaAmy3 promoter rendered it GA-responsive but sugar-insensitive in endosperms .
Expression of the GARE-interacting transcription factor MYBGA was induced by GA in endosperms , correlating with the endosperm-specific alphaAmy8 GA response . alphaAmy8 became sugar-sensitive in MYBGA knockout mutant endosperms , suggesting that the MYBGA-GARE interaction overrides the sugar sensitivity of alphaAmy8 .
In embryos overexpressing MYBGA , alphaAmy8 became sugar-insensitive , indicating that MYBGA affects sugar repression . alpha-Amylase promoters active in endosperms contain GARE , whereas those active in embryos may or may not contain GARE , confirming that the GARE and GA-induced MYBGA interaction prevents sugar feedback repression of endosperm alpha-amylase genes .
We demonstrate that the MYBGA-GARE interaction affects sugar feedback control in balanced energy production during seedling growth and provide insight into the control mechanisms of it issue-specific regulation of alpha-amylase expression by sugar and GA signaling interference . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: Expression of the GARE-interacting transcription factor MYBGA was induced by GA in endosperms , correlating with the endosperm-specific alphaAmy8 GA response . alphaAmy8 became sugar-sensitive in MYBGA knockout mutant endosperms , suggesting that the MYBGA-GARE interaction overrides the sugar sensitivity of alphaAmy8 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: In embryos overexpressing MYBGA , alphaAmy8 became sugar-insensitive , indicating that MYBGA affects sugar repression . alpha-Amylase promoters active in endosperms contain GARE , whereas those active in embryos may or may not contain GARE , confirming that the GARE and GA-induced MYBGA interaction prevents sugar feedback repression of endosperm alpha-amylase genes .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Expression of alpha-amylase genes during cereal grain germination and seedling growth is regulated negatively by sugar in embryos and positively by gibberellin ( GA ) in endosperm through the sugar response complex ( SRC ) and the GA response complex ( GARC ) , respectively .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: alphaAmy3 was sugar-sensitive but GA-nonresponsive in both rice ( Oryza sativa ) embryos and endosperms , whereas alphaAmy8 was sugar-sensitive in embryos and GA-responsive in endosperms .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Mutation of the GA response element ( GARE ) in the alphaAmy8 promoter impaired its GA response but enhanced sugar sensitivity , and insertion of GARE in the alphaAmy3 promoter rendered it GA-responsive but sugar-insensitive in endosperms .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: We demonstrate that the MYBGA-GARE interaction affects sugar feedback control in balanced energy production during seedling growth and provide insight into the control mechanisms of it issue-specific regulation of alpha-amylase expression by sugar and GA signaling interference .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Role of oviposition preference in an invasive crambid impacting two graminaceous host crops .
| | Author: Reay-Jones FP Wilson LT Showler AT Reagan TE Way MO | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 36 P : 938-51 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17716486 Accession (PMID): 17716486 | | Abstract: Oviposition preference studies of the Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) , on sugarcane , Saccharum spp . , and rice , Oryza sativa L , showed that drought stressed sugarcane was 1 . 8-fold more attractive based on egg masses/plant than well watered sugarcane .
The E loftini susceptible sugarcane cultivar LCP 85-384 was 1 . 6-fold more attractive than HoCP 85-845 based on numbers of eggs per egg mass .
Egg masses were 9 . 2-fold more abundant and 2 . 3-fold larger on sugarcane than on rice .
Rice , however , was preferred to sugarcane on a plant biomass basis .
Oviposition on sugarcane occurred exclusively on dry leaf material , which increased under drought stress .
Egg masses per plant increased on drought stressed sugarcane and were correlated with several foliar free amino acids essential for insect growth and development .
The more resistant ( based on injury ) but more attractive ( based on oviposition ) rice cultivar XL8 had higher levels of several free amino acids than the susceptible cultivar Cocodrie .
The association of host plant characteristics to oviposition preference is discussed .
Projected oviposition patterns relative to sugarcane and rice production areas were estimated for Texas and Louisiana based on the availability of each host in different regions of each state .
These results suggest that , where sugarcane and rice co-occur , the majority of eggs would be found on sugarcane early in the season , because of this crops substantially greater biomass compared with rice .
Abundance later in the season would also favor sugarcane ; however , the abundance on rice would be greater than expected solely based on host availability , largely because of the greater preference per gram of rice plant dry weight .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: Oviposition preference studies of the Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) , on sugarcane , Saccharum spp . , and rice , Oryza sativa L , showed that drought stressed sugarcane was 1 . 8-fold more attractive based on egg masses/plant than well watered sugarcane .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: These results suggest that , where sugarcane and rice co-occur , the majority of eggs would be found on sugarcane early in the season , because of this crops substantially greater biomass compared with rice .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The E loftini susceptible sugarcane cultivar LCP 85-384 was 1 . 6-fold more attractive than HoCP 85-845 based on numbers of eggs per egg mass .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Egg masses were 9 . 2-fold more abundant and 2 . 3-fold larger on sugarcane than on rice .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice , however , was preferred to sugarcane on a plant biomass basis .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Oviposition on sugarcane occurred exclusively on dry leaf material , which increased under drought stress .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Egg masses per plant increased on drought stressed sugarcane and were correlated with several foliar free amino acids essential for insect growth and development .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Projected oviposition patterns relative to sugarcane and rice production areas were estimated for Texas and Louisiana based on the availability of each host in different regions of each state .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Abundance later in the season would also favor sugarcane ; however , the abundance on rice would be greater than expected solely based on host availability , largely because of the greater preference per gram of rice plant dry weight .
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Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Hexokinase-mediated sugar signaling controls expression of the calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 15 gene and is perturbed by oxidative phosphorylation inhibition .
| | Author: Yim HK Lim MN Lee SE Lim J Lee Y Hwang YS | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22796010 Accession (PMID): 22796010 | | Abstract: Calcineurin B-like ( CBL ) interacting protein kinase 15 ( CIPK15 ) is a newly identified positive regulator which is critical to directing the O ( 2 ) deficiency signal to the sugar signaling cascade as part of Amy3D ( representative Amy3 gene ) regulation in rice .
It is located upstream and probably contributes to reserve mobilization under anoxia .
In isolated starving embryos , the temporal pattern of accumulation of CIPK15 transcripts and leaky suppression of this gene suggests that factors other than CIPK15 may also be involved in the regulation of Amy3D expression .
Probing of a variety of sugars and sugar analogs has shown that hexokinase mediates the sugar regulation of CIPK15 .
For example , hexokinase substrates , such as mannose , 2-deoxyglucose , and other metabolizable sugars , repressed CIPK15 expression , whereas 3-O-methylglucose and 6-deoxyglucose did not .
By using glucosamine , a hexokinase inhibitor , to release glucose-dependent CIPK15 suppression , we confirmed that hexokinase mediates regulation of this gene .
Chemical inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transfer , proton separation or ATP synthase also effectively abolished sugar-induced repression of CIPK15 .
This type of interference , the release from glucose-induced repression of gene expression by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation , was previously identified for the Amy3D gene , which suggests that hexokinase-mediated sugar signaling may be coordinated with the cellular energy status .
Analysis of a transgenic rice cell line harboring the GUS reporter gene under the control of the CIPK15 promoter , and transient expression assay for 3 UTR of the CIPK15 gene indicate that sugar regulation of the rice CIPK15 gene is likely mediated by 2548-bp 5-flanking region , with no additional post-transcriptional control .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Probing of a variety of sugars and sugar analogs has shown that hexokinase mediates the sugar regulation of CIPK15 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: This type of interference , the release from glucose-induced repression of gene expression by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation , was previously identified for the Amy3D gene , which suggests that hexokinase-mediated sugar signaling may be coordinated with the cellular energy status .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calcineurin B-like ( CBL ) interacting protein kinase 15 ( CIPK15 ) is a newly identified positive regulator which is critical to directing the O ( 2 ) deficiency signal to the sugar signaling cascade as part of Amy3D ( representative Amy3 gene ) regulation in rice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In isolated starving embryos , the temporal pattern of accumulation of CIPK15 transcripts and leaky suppression of this gene suggests that factors other than CIPK15 may also be involved in the regulation of Amy3D expression .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: For example , hexokinase substrates , such as mannose , 2-deoxyglucose , and other metabolizable sugars , repressed CIPK15 expression , whereas 3-O-methylglucose and 6-deoxyglucose did not .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chemical inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transfer , proton separation or ATP synthase also effectively abolished sugar-induced repression of CIPK15 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analysis of a transgenic rice cell line harboring the GUS reporter gene under the control of the CIPK15 promoter , and transient expression assay for 3 UTR of the CIPK15 gene indicate that sugar regulation of the rice CIPK15 gene is likely mediated by 2548-bp 5-flanking region , with no additional post-transcriptional control .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms .
| | Author: Ho S Chao Y Tong W Yu S | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 125 ( 2 ) P : 877-90 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11161045 Accession (PMID): 11161045 | | Abstract: In plants , sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression .
A large set of genes are either up or down-regulated by sugars ; however , whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear .
In the present study , the rice ( Oryza sativa cv Tainan 5 ) cell culture was used as a model system to address this question .
Sucrose and glucose both played dual functions in gene regulation as exemplified by the up-regulation of growth-related genes and down-regulation of stress-related genes .
Sugar coordinately but differentially activated or repressed gene expression , and nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA half-life analyses revealed regulation of both the transcription rate and mRNA stability .
Although coordinately regulated by sugars , these growth and stress-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated through hexokinase-dependent and/or hexokinase-independent pathways .
We also found that the sugar signal transduction pathway may overlap the glycolytic pathway for gene repression . alpha-Amylase and the stress-related genes identified in this study were coordinately expressed under sugar starvation , suggesting a convergence of the nutritional and environmental stress signal transduction pathways .
Together , our studies provide a new insight into the complex signal transduction network and mechanisms of sugar regulation of growth and stress-related genes in plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 3.00 ]: We also found that the sugar signal transduction pathway may overlap the glycolytic pathway for gene repression . alpha-Amylase and the stress-related genes identified in this study were coordinately expressed under sugar starvation , suggesting a convergence of the nutritional and environmental stress signal transduction pathways .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: A large set of genes are either up or down-regulated by sugars ; however , whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In plants , sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sugar coordinately but differentially activated or repressed gene expression , and nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA half-life analyses revealed regulation of both the transcription rate and mRNA stability .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although coordinately regulated by sugars , these growth and stress-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated through hexokinase-dependent and/or hexokinase-independent pathways .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Together , our studies provide a new insight into the complex signal transduction network and mechanisms of sugar regulation of growth and stress-related genes in plants .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Rice alpha-amylase transcriptional enhancers direct multiple mode regulation of promoters in transgenic rice .
| | Author: Chen PW Lu CA Yu TS Tseng TH Wang CS Yu SM .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 277 ( 16 ) P : 13641-9 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11832481 Accession (PMID): 11832481 | | Abstract: Expression of alpha-amylase genes in cereals is induced by both gibberellin ( GA ) and sugar starvation .
In a transient expression assay , a 105-bp sugar response sequence ( SRS ) in the promoter of a sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy3 , was shown previously to confer sugar response and to enhance the activity of the rice Act1 promoter in rice protoplasts .
A 230-bp SRS-like sequence was also found in the promoter of another sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy8 .
The alphaAmy8 SRS contains a GA response sequence and was designated as alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS .
In the present study , a transgenic approach was employed to characterize the function of the alpha-amylase gene SRSs in rice .
We found that the alphaAmy3 SRS significantly enhances the endogenous expression pattern of the Act1 promoter in various rice it issues throughout their developmental stages .
By contrast , the alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS significantly enhances Act1 promoter activity only in embryos and endosperms of germinating rice seeds .
A minimal promoter fused to the alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS is specifically active in rice embryo and endosperm and is subject to sugar repression and GA induction in rice embryos .
This sugar repression was found to override GA induction of alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS activity .
Our study demonstrates that the alpha-amylase transcriptional enhancers contain cis-acting elements capable of enhancing endogenous expression patterns or activating sugar-sensitive , hormone-responsive , it issue-specific , and developmental stage-dependent expression of promoters in transgenic rice .
These enhancers may facilitate the design of highly active and tightly regulated composite promoters for monocot transformation and gene expression .
Our study also reveals the existence of cross-talk between the sugar and GA signaling pathways in cereals and provides a system for analyzing the underlying molecular mechanisms involved . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: In a transient expression assay , a 105-bp sugar response sequence ( SRS ) in the promoter of a sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy3 , was shown previously to confer sugar response and to enhance the activity of the rice Act1 promoter in rice protoplasts .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression of alpha-amylase genes in cereals is induced by both gibberellin ( GA ) and sugar starvation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A 230-bp SRS-like sequence was also found in the promoter of another sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy8 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A minimal promoter fused to the alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS is specifically active in rice embryo and endosperm and is subject to sugar repression and GA induction in rice embryos .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This sugar repression was found to override GA induction of alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS activity .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study demonstrates that the alpha-amylase transcriptional enhancers contain cis-acting elements capable of enhancing endogenous expression patterns or activating sugar-sensitive , hormone-responsive , it issue-specific , and developmental stage-dependent expression of promoters in transgenic rice .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study also reveals the existence of cross-talk between the sugar and GA signaling pathways in cereals and provides a system for analyzing the underlying molecular mechanisms involved .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Free Sugars in Relation to Starch Accumulation in Developing Rice Grain .
| | Author: Singh R Juliano BO .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 59 ( 3 ) P : 417-421 Year: 1977 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16659864 Accession (PMID): 16659864 | | Abstract: The changes in sugars ( water-soluble carbohydrates ) were studied in the developing grain of rice ( Oryza sativa L , variety IR28 and IR29 ) in relation to the role of these sugars as precursors of ADP glucose in starch accumulation .
The levels of total sugars , total reducing sugars and free glucose , sucrose and other nonreducing sugars , maltooligosaccharides , and total and nonsucrosyl fructose followed closely the changes in the rate of starch accumulation , in both IR28 and 29 ; the peak value occurred 9 days after flowering .
The level of soluble carbohydrates remained high in the caryopsis and also in milled rice after starch accumulation , suggesting that the supply of sugar precursors does not limit starch accumulation in the rice grain .
Because of a higher level of reducing sugars , the level of free sugars in the grain of waxy rice IR29 was higher than that of nonwaxy IR28 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The levels of total sugars , total reducing sugars and free glucose , sucrose and other nonreducing sugars , maltooligosaccharides , and total and nonsucrosyl fructose followed closely the changes in the rate of starch accumulation , in both IR28 and 29 ; the peak value occurred 9 days after flowering .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The changes in sugars ( water-soluble carbohydrates ) were studied in the developing grain of rice ( Oryza sativa L , variety IR28 and IR29 ) in relation to the role of these sugars as precursors of ADP glucose in starch accumulation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The level of soluble carbohydrates remained high in the caryopsis and also in milled rice after starch accumulation , suggesting that the supply of sugar precursors does not limit starch accumulation in the rice grain .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Because of a higher level of reducing sugars , the level of free sugars in the grain of waxy rice IR29 was higher than that of nonwaxy IR28 .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Orthologous comparison in a gene-rich region among grasses reveals stability in the sugarcane polyploid genome .
| | Author: Jannoo N Grivet L Chantret N Garsmeur O Glaszmann JC Arruda P DHont A | | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17425713 Accession (PMID): 17425713 | | Abstract: Modern sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) is an important grass that contributes 60% of the raw sugar produced worldwide and has a high biofuel production potential It was created about a century ago through hybridization of two highly polyploid species , namely S officinarum and S spontaneum .
We investigated genome dynamics in this highly polyploid context by analyzing two homoeologous sequences ( 97 and 126 kb ) in a region that has already been studied in several cereals .
Our findings indicate that the two Saccharum species diverged 1 . 5-2 million years ago from one another and 8-9 million years ago from sorghum .
The two sugarcane homoeologous haplotypes show perfect colinearity as well as high gene structure conservation .
Apart from the insertion of a few retrotransposable elements , high homology was also observed for the non-transcribed regions .
Relative to sorghum , the sugarcane sequences displayed colinearity , with the exception of two genes present only in sorghum , and striking homology in most non-coding parts of the genome .
The gene distribution highlighted high synteny and colinearity with rice , and partial colinearity with each homoeologous maize region , which became perfect when the sequences were combined .
The haplotypes observed in sugarcane may thus closely represent the ancestral Andropogoneae haplotype .
This analysis of sugarcane haplotype organization at the sequence level suggests that the high ploidy in sugarcane did not induce generalized reshaping of its genome , thus challenging the idea that polyploidy quickly induces generalized rearrangement of genomes .
These results also confirm the view that sorghum is the model of choice for sugarcane .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: This analysis of sugarcane haplotype organization at the sequence level suggests that the high ploidy in sugarcane did not induce generalized reshaping of its genome , thus challenging the idea that polyploidy quickly induces generalized rearrangement of genomes .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Modern sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) is an important grass that contributes 60% of the raw sugar produced worldwide and has a high biofuel production potential It was created about a century ago through hybridization of two highly polyploid species , namely S officinarum and S spontaneum .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The two sugarcane homoeologous haplotypes show perfect colinearity as well as high gene structure conservation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Relative to sorghum , the sugarcane sequences displayed colinearity , with the exception of two genes present only in sorghum , and striking homology in most non-coding parts of the genome .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The haplotypes observed in sugarcane may thus closely represent the ancestral Andropogoneae haplotype .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results also confirm the view that sorghum is the model of choice for sugarcane .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: [ Reponses of sugar metabolism in seed germination of three various acid-fast plants to acid rain ] | | Author: Wang LH Zhou Q Zeng QL | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Citation: V : 29 P : 799-803 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18649547 Accession (PMID): 18649547 | | Abstract: Responses of sugar metabolism during germination of rice ( O sativa ) , wheat ( T aestivum ) and rape ( B chinensis var . oleifera ) seeds to simulated acid rain ( pH 2 . 0 , pH 2 . 5 , pH 3 . 0 , pH 3 . 5 , pH 4 . 0 , pH 4 . 5 , pH 5 . 0 ) were investigated .
The purpose was to clarify the mechanism of acid rain affecting seed germination .
The results show that the alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice , wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level ( pH 5 . 0 - 2 . 0 ) , and are lower than CK .
The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain is that rice ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 0/53 . 88% - 77 . 7% ) is smaller than wheat ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 5/58 . 60% - 89 . 41% ) , and rape ( pH 4 . 0 - 5 . 0/60 . 14% - 100% ) is the smallest , alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time , but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first , and then decrease .
In the same stress time ( 3 - 7 d ) , the three indexes of the three species for all treatment groups are lower than CK , and decrease with increased stress level .
The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice ( 7 d , 7 d , 7 d ) > wheat ( 7 d , 6 d , 5 d ) > rape ( 3 d , 7 d , 5 d ) .
Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst , and the difference in sugar metabolism of 3 species is one of the internal reasons why the germination indexes behave differently .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The results show that the alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice , wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level ( pH 5 . 0 - 2 . 0 ) , and are lower than CK .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain is that rice ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 0/53 . 88% - 77 . 7% ) is smaller than wheat ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 5/58 . 60% - 89 . 41% ) , and rape ( pH 4 . 0 - 5 . 0/60 . 14% - 100% ) is the smallest , alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time , but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first , and then decrease .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice ( 7 d , 7 d , 7 d ) > wheat ( 7 d , 6 d , 5 d ) > rape ( 3 d , 7 d , 5 d ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst , and the difference in sugar metabolism of 3 species is one of the internal reasons why the germination indexes behave differently .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Responses of sugar metabolism during germination of rice ( O sativa ) , wheat ( T aestivum ) and rape ( B chinensis var . oleifera ) seeds to simulated acid rain ( pH 2 . 0 , pH 2 . 5 , pH 3 . 0 , pH 3 . 5 , pH 4 . 0 , pH 4 . 5 , pH 5 . 0 ) were investigated .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Interference with oxidative phosphorylation enhances anoxic expression of rice alpha-amylase genes through abolishing sugar regulation .
| | Author: Park M Yim HK Park HG Lim J Kim SH Hwang YS | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 61 P : 3235-44 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20530196 Accession (PMID): 20530196 | | Abstract: Rice has the unique ability to express alpha-amylase under anoxic conditions , a feature that is critical for successful anaerobic germination and growth .
Previously , anaerobic conditions were shown to up-regulate the expression of Amy3 subfamily genes ( Amy3B/C , 3D , and 3E ) in rice embryos .
These genes are known to be feedback regulated by the hydrolytic products of starchy endosperm such as the simple sugar glucose .
It was found that oxygen deficiency interferes with the repression of Amy3D gene expression imposed by low concentrations of glucose but not with that imposed by higher amounts .
This differential anoxic de-repression depending on sugar concentration suggests the presence of two distinct pathways for sugar regulation of Amy3D gene expression .
Anoxic de-repression can be mimicked by treating rice embryos with inhibitors of ATP synthesis during respiration .
Other sugar-regulated rice alpha-amylase genes , Amy3B/C and 3E , behave similarly to Amy3D .
Treatment with a respiratory inhibitor or anoxia also relieved the sugar repression of the rice CIPK15 gene , a main upstream positive regulator of SnRK1A that is critical for Amy3D expression in response to sugar starvation .
SnRK1A accumulation was previously shown to be required for MYBS1 expression , which transactivates Amy3D by binding to a cis-acting element found in the proximal region of all Amy3 subfamily gene promoters ( the TA box ) .
Taken together , these results suggest that prevention of oxidative phosphorylation by oxygen deficiency interferes with the sugar repression of Amy3 subfamily gene expression , leading to their enhanced expression in rice embryos during anaerobic germination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: This differential anoxic de-repression depending on sugar concentration suggests the presence of two distinct pathways for sugar regulation of Amy3D gene expression .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Treatment with a respiratory inhibitor or anoxia also relieved the sugar repression of the rice CIPK15 gene , a main upstream positive regulator of SnRK1A that is critical for Amy3D expression in response to sugar starvation .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Taken together , these results suggest that prevention of oxidative phosphorylation by oxygen deficiency interferes with the sugar repression of Amy3 subfamily gene expression , leading to their enhanced expression in rice embryos during anaerobic germination .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: These genes are known to be feedback regulated by the hydrolytic products of starchy endosperm such as the simple sugar glucose .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Other sugar-regulated rice alpha-amylase genes , Amy3B/C and 3E , behave similarly to Amy3D .
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