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Score: 20.00 |
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| Title: Sugar uptake analysis of suspension Arabidopsis , tobacco , and rice cells in various media using an FT-IR/ATR method .
| | Author: Suehara KI Kameoka T Hashimoto A | | Journal: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22395819 Accession (PMID): 22395819 | | Abstract: The kinetic behavior of the sugar uptake phenomena of a suspension of Arabidopsis cells was investigated by mid-infrared spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared spectrometers and attenuated total reflection techniques .
The kinetic behavior of the cell growth was also studied and the growth and the sugar uptake behaviors were discussed for three typical plant cells ( Arabidopsis , TBY-2 , and rice cells ) .
The cell growth rate and the lag period were influenced by not only the types of the plant cells , but also the sugar species used as the carbon source .
The characteristics of the sugar uptake behavior were clarified based on the difference in the three types of plant cells .
The cell growth and the sugar uptake progressed at approximately the same time in the TBY-2 cells .
In the rice cells , the sugar uptake rate was relatively lower than that of the others .
On the other hand , the sugar uptake of the Arabidopsis cells started before the cell growth .
Furthermore , glucose as the carbon source of the Arabidopsis cell cultivation seems to significantly influence the sugar metabolism .
Glucose had a significant influence on the sugar metabolism of the other sugar under the conditions for the mixture of glucose and the other sugar .
The characteristics of the sugar uptake phenomena based on the cell growth stage was typical for each plant cell except for some sugars , such as galactose and trehalose , and the behavior of the total sugar uptake had not changed .
These results suggested that the cell growth and the sugar uptake in the plant cell cultivation processes may be controlled by the combined supply of the sugar species as the carbon source .
The detailed data for plant cell cultivation using each sugar obtained in this study would be useful for bioscience research and for cultivation process control using various sugars , for example , purified or sugar mixtures formed from biomass materials .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Glucose had a significant influence on the sugar metabolism of the other sugar under the conditions for the mixture of glucose and the other sugar .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: The characteristics of the sugar uptake phenomena based on the cell growth stage was typical for each plant cell except for some sugars , such as galactose and trehalose , and the behavior of the total sugar uptake had not changed .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 3.00 ]: These results suggested that the cell growth and the sugar uptake in the plant cell cultivation processes may be controlled by the combined supply of the sugar species as the carbon source .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 3.00 ]: The detailed data for plant cell cultivation using each sugar obtained in this study would be useful for bioscience research and for cultivation process control using various sugars , for example , purified or sugar mixtures formed from biomass materials .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The kinetic behavior of the sugar uptake phenomena of a suspension of Arabidopsis cells was investigated by mid-infrared spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared spectrometers and attenuated total reflection techniques .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The kinetic behavior of the cell growth was also studied and the growth and the sugar uptake behaviors were discussed for three typical plant cells ( Arabidopsis , TBY-2 , and rice cells ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cell growth rate and the lag period were influenced by not only the types of the plant cells , but also the sugar species used as the carbon source .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The characteristics of the sugar uptake behavior were clarified based on the difference in the three types of plant cells .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cell growth and the sugar uptake progressed at approximately the same time in the TBY-2 cells .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the rice cells , the sugar uptake rate was relatively lower than that of the others .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: On the other hand , the sugar uptake of the Arabidopsis cells started before the cell growth .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , glucose as the carbon source of the Arabidopsis cell cultivation seems to significantly influence the sugar metabolism .
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Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Interaction between rice MYBGA and the gibberellin response element controls it issue-specific sugar sensitivity of alpha-amylase genes .
| | Author: Chen PW Chiang CM Tseng TH Yu SM .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 18 ( 9 ) P : 2326-40 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16905658 Accession (PMID): 16905658 | | Abstract: Expression of alpha-amylase genes during cereal grain germination and seedling growth is regulated negatively by sugar in embryos and positively by gibberellin ( GA ) in endosperm through the sugar response complex ( SRC ) and the GA response complex ( GARC ) , respectively .
We analyzed two alpha-amylase promoters , alphaAmy3 containing only SRC and alphaAmy8 containing overlapped SRC and GARC .
alphaAmy3 was sugar-sensitive but GA-nonresponsive in both rice ( Oryza sativa ) embryos and endosperms , whereas alphaAmy8 was sugar-sensitive in embryos and GA-responsive in endosperms .
Mutation of the GA response element ( GARE ) in the alphaAmy8 promoter impaired its GA response but enhanced sugar sensitivity , and insertion of GARE in the alphaAmy3 promoter rendered it GA-responsive but sugar-insensitive in endosperms .
Expression of the GARE-interacting transcription factor MYBGA was induced by GA in endosperms , correlating with the endosperm-specific alphaAmy8 GA response . alphaAmy8 became sugar-sensitive in MYBGA knockout mutant endosperms , suggesting that the MYBGA-GARE interaction overrides the sugar sensitivity of alphaAmy8 .
In embryos overexpressing MYBGA , alphaAmy8 became sugar-insensitive , indicating that MYBGA affects sugar repression . alpha-Amylase promoters active in endosperms contain GARE , whereas those active in embryos may or may not contain GARE , confirming that the GARE and GA-induced MYBGA interaction prevents sugar feedback repression of endosperm alpha-amylase genes .
We demonstrate that the MYBGA-GARE interaction affects sugar feedback control in balanced energy production during seedling growth and provide insight into the control mechanisms of it issue-specific regulation of alpha-amylase expression by sugar and GA signaling interference . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: Expression of the GARE-interacting transcription factor MYBGA was induced by GA in endosperms , correlating with the endosperm-specific alphaAmy8 GA response . alphaAmy8 became sugar-sensitive in MYBGA knockout mutant endosperms , suggesting that the MYBGA-GARE interaction overrides the sugar sensitivity of alphaAmy8 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: In embryos overexpressing MYBGA , alphaAmy8 became sugar-insensitive , indicating that MYBGA affects sugar repression . alpha-Amylase promoters active in endosperms contain GARE , whereas those active in embryos may or may not contain GARE , confirming that the GARE and GA-induced MYBGA interaction prevents sugar feedback repression of endosperm alpha-amylase genes .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Expression of alpha-amylase genes during cereal grain germination and seedling growth is regulated negatively by sugar in embryos and positively by gibberellin ( GA ) in endosperm through the sugar response complex ( SRC ) and the GA response complex ( GARC ) , respectively .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: alphaAmy3 was sugar-sensitive but GA-nonresponsive in both rice ( Oryza sativa ) embryos and endosperms , whereas alphaAmy8 was sugar-sensitive in embryos and GA-responsive in endosperms .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Mutation of the GA response element ( GARE ) in the alphaAmy8 promoter impaired its GA response but enhanced sugar sensitivity , and insertion of GARE in the alphaAmy3 promoter rendered it GA-responsive but sugar-insensitive in endosperms .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: We demonstrate that the MYBGA-GARE interaction affects sugar feedback control in balanced energy production during seedling growth and provide insight into the control mechanisms of it issue-specific regulation of alpha-amylase expression by sugar and GA signaling interference .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: Role of oviposition preference in an invasive crambid impacting two graminaceous host crops .
| | Author: Reay-Jones FP Wilson LT Showler AT Reagan TE Way MO | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 36 P : 938-51 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17716486 Accession (PMID): 17716486 | | Abstract: Oviposition preference studies of the Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) , on sugarcane , Saccharum spp . , and rice , Oryza sativa L , showed that drought stressed sugarcane was 1 . 8-fold more attractive based on egg masses/plant than well watered sugarcane .
The E loftini susceptible sugarcane cultivar LCP 85-384 was 1 . 6-fold more attractive than HoCP 85-845 based on numbers of eggs per egg mass .
Egg masses were 9 . 2-fold more abundant and 2 . 3-fold larger on sugarcane than on rice .
Rice , however , was preferred to sugarcane on a plant biomass basis .
Oviposition on sugarcane occurred exclusively on dry leaf material , which increased under drought stress .
Egg masses per plant increased on drought stressed sugarcane and were correlated with several foliar free amino acids essential for insect growth and development .
The more resistant ( based on injury ) but more attractive ( based on oviposition ) rice cultivar XL8 had higher levels of several free amino acids than the susceptible cultivar Cocodrie .
The association of host plant characteristics to oviposition preference is discussed .
Projected oviposition patterns relative to sugarcane and rice production areas were estimated for Texas and Louisiana based on the availability of each host in different regions of each state .
These results suggest that , where sugarcane and rice co-occur , the majority of eggs would be found on sugarcane early in the season , because of this crops substantially greater biomass compared with rice .
Abundance later in the season would also favor sugarcane ; however , the abundance on rice would be greater than expected solely based on host availability , largely because of the greater preference per gram of rice plant dry weight .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: Oviposition preference studies of the Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) , on sugarcane , Saccharum spp . , and rice , Oryza sativa L , showed that drought stressed sugarcane was 1 . 8-fold more attractive based on egg masses/plant than well watered sugarcane .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: These results suggest that , where sugarcane and rice co-occur , the majority of eggs would be found on sugarcane early in the season , because of this crops substantially greater biomass compared with rice .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The E loftini susceptible sugarcane cultivar LCP 85-384 was 1 . 6-fold more attractive than HoCP 85-845 based on numbers of eggs per egg mass .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Egg masses were 9 . 2-fold more abundant and 2 . 3-fold larger on sugarcane than on rice .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice , however , was preferred to sugarcane on a plant biomass basis .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Oviposition on sugarcane occurred exclusively on dry leaf material , which increased under drought stress .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Egg masses per plant increased on drought stressed sugarcane and were correlated with several foliar free amino acids essential for insect growth and development .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Projected oviposition patterns relative to sugarcane and rice production areas were estimated for Texas and Louisiana based on the availability of each host in different regions of each state .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Abundance later in the season would also favor sugarcane ; however , the abundance on rice would be greater than expected solely based on host availability , largely because of the greater preference per gram of rice plant dry weight .
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Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Hexokinase-mediated sugar signaling controls expression of the calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 15 gene and is perturbed by oxidative phosphorylation inhibition .
| | Author: Yim HK Lim MN Lee SE Lim J Lee Y Hwang YS | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22796010 Accession (PMID): 22796010 | | Abstract: Calcineurin B-like ( CBL ) interacting protein kinase 15 ( CIPK15 ) is a newly identified positive regulator which is critical to directing the O ( 2 ) deficiency signal to the sugar signaling cascade as part of Amy3D ( representative Amy3 gene ) regulation in rice .
It is located upstream and probably contributes to reserve mobilization under anoxia .
In isolated starving embryos , the temporal pattern of accumulation of CIPK15 transcripts and leaky suppression of this gene suggests that factors other than CIPK15 may also be involved in the regulation of Amy3D expression .
Probing of a variety of sugars and sugar analogs has shown that hexokinase mediates the sugar regulation of CIPK15 .
For example , hexokinase substrates , such as mannose , 2-deoxyglucose , and other metabolizable sugars , repressed CIPK15 expression , whereas 3-O-methylglucose and 6-deoxyglucose did not .
By using glucosamine , a hexokinase inhibitor , to release glucose-dependent CIPK15 suppression , we confirmed that hexokinase mediates regulation of this gene .
Chemical inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transfer , proton separation or ATP synthase also effectively abolished sugar-induced repression of CIPK15 .
This type of interference , the release from glucose-induced repression of gene expression by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation , was previously identified for the Amy3D gene , which suggests that hexokinase-mediated sugar signaling may be coordinated with the cellular energy status .
Analysis of a transgenic rice cell line harboring the GUS reporter gene under the control of the CIPK15 promoter , and transient expression assay for 3 UTR of the CIPK15 gene indicate that sugar regulation of the rice CIPK15 gene is likely mediated by 2548-bp 5-flanking region , with no additional post-transcriptional control .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Probing of a variety of sugars and sugar analogs has shown that hexokinase mediates the sugar regulation of CIPK15 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: This type of interference , the release from glucose-induced repression of gene expression by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation , was previously identified for the Amy3D gene , which suggests that hexokinase-mediated sugar signaling may be coordinated with the cellular energy status .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calcineurin B-like ( CBL ) interacting protein kinase 15 ( CIPK15 ) is a newly identified positive regulator which is critical to directing the O ( 2 ) deficiency signal to the sugar signaling cascade as part of Amy3D ( representative Amy3 gene ) regulation in rice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In isolated starving embryos , the temporal pattern of accumulation of CIPK15 transcripts and leaky suppression of this gene suggests that factors other than CIPK15 may also be involved in the regulation of Amy3D expression .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: For example , hexokinase substrates , such as mannose , 2-deoxyglucose , and other metabolizable sugars , repressed CIPK15 expression , whereas 3-O-methylglucose and 6-deoxyglucose did not .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chemical inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transfer , proton separation or ATP synthase also effectively abolished sugar-induced repression of CIPK15 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analysis of a transgenic rice cell line harboring the GUS reporter gene under the control of the CIPK15 promoter , and transient expression assay for 3 UTR of the CIPK15 gene indicate that sugar regulation of the rice CIPK15 gene is likely mediated by 2548-bp 5-flanking region , with no additional post-transcriptional control .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms .
| | Author: Ho S Chao Y Tong W Yu S | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 125 ( 2 ) P : 877-90 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11161045 Accession (PMID): 11161045 | | Abstract: In plants , sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression .
A large set of genes are either up or down-regulated by sugars ; however , whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear .
In the present study , the rice ( Oryza sativa cv Tainan 5 ) cell culture was used as a model system to address this question .
Sucrose and glucose both played dual functions in gene regulation as exemplified by the up-regulation of growth-related genes and down-regulation of stress-related genes .
Sugar coordinately but differentially activated or repressed gene expression , and nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA half-life analyses revealed regulation of both the transcription rate and mRNA stability .
Although coordinately regulated by sugars , these growth and stress-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated through hexokinase-dependent and/or hexokinase-independent pathways .
We also found that the sugar signal transduction pathway may overlap the glycolytic pathway for gene repression . alpha-Amylase and the stress-related genes identified in this study were coordinately expressed under sugar starvation , suggesting a convergence of the nutritional and environmental stress signal transduction pathways .
Together , our studies provide a new insight into the complex signal transduction network and mechanisms of sugar regulation of growth and stress-related genes in plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 3.00 ]: We also found that the sugar signal transduction pathway may overlap the glycolytic pathway for gene repression . alpha-Amylase and the stress-related genes identified in this study were coordinately expressed under sugar starvation , suggesting a convergence of the nutritional and environmental stress signal transduction pathways .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: A large set of genes are either up or down-regulated by sugars ; however , whether there is a common mechanism and signal transduction pathway for differential and coordinated sugar regulation remain unclear .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In plants , sugars are required to sustain growth and regulate gene expression .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sugar coordinately but differentially activated or repressed gene expression , and nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA half-life analyses revealed regulation of both the transcription rate and mRNA stability .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although coordinately regulated by sugars , these growth and stress-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated through hexokinase-dependent and/or hexokinase-independent pathways .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Together , our studies provide a new insight into the complex signal transduction network and mechanisms of sugar regulation of growth and stress-related genes in plants .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Rice alpha-amylase transcriptional enhancers direct multiple mode regulation of promoters in transgenic rice .
| | Author: Chen PW Lu CA Yu TS Tseng TH Wang CS Yu SM .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 277 ( 16 ) P : 13641-9 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11832481 Accession (PMID): 11832481 | | Abstract: Expression of alpha-amylase genes in cereals is induced by both gibberellin ( GA ) and sugar starvation .
In a transient expression assay , a 105-bp sugar response sequence ( SRS ) in the promoter of a sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy3 , was shown previously to confer sugar response and to enhance the activity of the rice Act1 promoter in rice protoplasts .
A 230-bp SRS-like sequence was also found in the promoter of another sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy8 .
The alphaAmy8 SRS contains a GA response sequence and was designated as alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS .
In the present study , a transgenic approach was employed to characterize the function of the alpha-amylase gene SRSs in rice .
We found that the alphaAmy3 SRS significantly enhances the endogenous expression pattern of the Act1 promoter in various rice it issues throughout their developmental stages .
By contrast , the alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS significantly enhances Act1 promoter activity only in embryos and endosperms of germinating rice seeds .
A minimal promoter fused to the alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS is specifically active in rice embryo and endosperm and is subject to sugar repression and GA induction in rice embryos .
This sugar repression was found to override GA induction of alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS activity .
Our study demonstrates that the alpha-amylase transcriptional enhancers contain cis-acting elements capable of enhancing endogenous expression patterns or activating sugar-sensitive , hormone-responsive , it issue-specific , and developmental stage-dependent expression of promoters in transgenic rice .
These enhancers may facilitate the design of highly active and tightly regulated composite promoters for monocot transformation and gene expression .
Our study also reveals the existence of cross-talk between the sugar and GA signaling pathways in cereals and provides a system for analyzing the underlying molecular mechanisms involved . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: In a transient expression assay , a 105-bp sugar response sequence ( SRS ) in the promoter of a sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy3 , was shown previously to confer sugar response and to enhance the activity of the rice Act1 promoter in rice protoplasts .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression of alpha-amylase genes in cereals is induced by both gibberellin ( GA ) and sugar starvation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A 230-bp SRS-like sequence was also found in the promoter of another sugar starvation highly inducible rice alpha-amylase gene , alphaAmy8 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A minimal promoter fused to the alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS is specifically active in rice embryo and endosperm and is subject to sugar repression and GA induction in rice embryos .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This sugar repression was found to override GA induction of alphaAmy8 SRS/GARS activity .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study demonstrates that the alpha-amylase transcriptional enhancers contain cis-acting elements capable of enhancing endogenous expression patterns or activating sugar-sensitive , hormone-responsive , it issue-specific , and developmental stage-dependent expression of promoters in transgenic rice .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study also reveals the existence of cross-talk between the sugar and GA signaling pathways in cereals and provides a system for analyzing the underlying molecular mechanisms involved .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Free Sugars in Relation to Starch Accumulation in Developing Rice Grain .
| | Author: Singh R Juliano BO .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 59 ( 3 ) P : 417-421 Year: 1977 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16659864 Accession (PMID): 16659864 | | Abstract: The changes in sugars ( water-soluble carbohydrates ) were studied in the developing grain of rice ( Oryza sativa L , variety IR28 and IR29 ) in relation to the role of these sugars as precursors of ADP glucose in starch accumulation .
The levels of total sugars , total reducing sugars and free glucose , sucrose and other nonreducing sugars , maltooligosaccharides , and total and nonsucrosyl fructose followed closely the changes in the rate of starch accumulation , in both IR28 and 29 ; the peak value occurred 9 days after flowering .
The level of soluble carbohydrates remained high in the caryopsis and also in milled rice after starch accumulation , suggesting that the supply of sugar precursors does not limit starch accumulation in the rice grain .
Because of a higher level of reducing sugars , the level of free sugars in the grain of waxy rice IR29 was higher than that of nonwaxy IR28 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The levels of total sugars , total reducing sugars and free glucose , sucrose and other nonreducing sugars , maltooligosaccharides , and total and nonsucrosyl fructose followed closely the changes in the rate of starch accumulation , in both IR28 and 29 ; the peak value occurred 9 days after flowering .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The changes in sugars ( water-soluble carbohydrates ) were studied in the developing grain of rice ( Oryza sativa L , variety IR28 and IR29 ) in relation to the role of these sugars as precursors of ADP glucose in starch accumulation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The level of soluble carbohydrates remained high in the caryopsis and also in milled rice after starch accumulation , suggesting that the supply of sugar precursors does not limit starch accumulation in the rice grain .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Because of a higher level of reducing sugars , the level of free sugars in the grain of waxy rice IR29 was higher than that of nonwaxy IR28 .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Orthologous comparison in a gene-rich region among grasses reveals stability in the sugarcane polyploid genome .
| | Author: Jannoo N Grivet L Chantret N Garsmeur O Glaszmann JC Arruda P DHont A | | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17425713 Accession (PMID): 17425713 | | Abstract: Modern sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) is an important grass that contributes 60% of the raw sugar produced worldwide and has a high biofuel production potential It was created about a century ago through hybridization of two highly polyploid species , namely S officinarum and S spontaneum .
We investigated genome dynamics in this highly polyploid context by analyzing two homoeologous sequences ( 97 and 126 kb ) in a region that has already been studied in several cereals .
Our findings indicate that the two Saccharum species diverged 1 . 5-2 million years ago from one another and 8-9 million years ago from sorghum .
The two sugarcane homoeologous haplotypes show perfect colinearity as well as high gene structure conservation .
Apart from the insertion of a few retrotransposable elements , high homology was also observed for the non-transcribed regions .
Relative to sorghum , the sugarcane sequences displayed colinearity , with the exception of two genes present only in sorghum , and striking homology in most non-coding parts of the genome .
The gene distribution highlighted high synteny and colinearity with rice , and partial colinearity with each homoeologous maize region , which became perfect when the sequences were combined .
The haplotypes observed in sugarcane may thus closely represent the ancestral Andropogoneae haplotype .
This analysis of sugarcane haplotype organization at the sequence level suggests that the high ploidy in sugarcane did not induce generalized reshaping of its genome , thus challenging the idea that polyploidy quickly induces generalized rearrangement of genomes .
These results also confirm the view that sorghum is the model of choice for sugarcane .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: This analysis of sugarcane haplotype organization at the sequence level suggests that the high ploidy in sugarcane did not induce generalized reshaping of its genome , thus challenging the idea that polyploidy quickly induces generalized rearrangement of genomes .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Modern sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) is an important grass that contributes 60% of the raw sugar produced worldwide and has a high biofuel production potential It was created about a century ago through hybridization of two highly polyploid species , namely S officinarum and S spontaneum .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The two sugarcane homoeologous haplotypes show perfect colinearity as well as high gene structure conservation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Relative to sorghum , the sugarcane sequences displayed colinearity , with the exception of two genes present only in sorghum , and striking homology in most non-coding parts of the genome .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The haplotypes observed in sugarcane may thus closely represent the ancestral Andropogoneae haplotype .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results also confirm the view that sorghum is the model of choice for sugarcane .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: [ Reponses of sugar metabolism in seed germination of three various acid-fast plants to acid rain ] | | Author: Wang LH Zhou Q Zeng QL | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Citation: V : 29 P : 799-803 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18649547 Accession (PMID): 18649547 | | Abstract: Responses of sugar metabolism during germination of rice ( O sativa ) , wheat ( T aestivum ) and rape ( B chinensis var . oleifera ) seeds to simulated acid rain ( pH 2 . 0 , pH 2 . 5 , pH 3 . 0 , pH 3 . 5 , pH 4 . 0 , pH 4 . 5 , pH 5 . 0 ) were investigated .
The purpose was to clarify the mechanism of acid rain affecting seed germination .
The results show that the alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice , wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level ( pH 5 . 0 - 2 . 0 ) , and are lower than CK .
The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain is that rice ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 0/53 . 88% - 77 . 7% ) is smaller than wheat ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 5/58 . 60% - 89 . 41% ) , and rape ( pH 4 . 0 - 5 . 0/60 . 14% - 100% ) is the smallest , alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time , but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first , and then decrease .
In the same stress time ( 3 - 7 d ) , the three indexes of the three species for all treatment groups are lower than CK , and decrease with increased stress level .
The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice ( 7 d , 7 d , 7 d ) > wheat ( 7 d , 6 d , 5 d ) > rape ( 3 d , 7 d , 5 d ) .
Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst , and the difference in sugar metabolism of 3 species is one of the internal reasons why the germination indexes behave differently .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The results show that the alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the rice , wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased stress level ( pH 5 . 0 - 2 . 0 ) , and are lower than CK .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The response order of three indexes to stress level of acid rain is that rice ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 0/53 . 88% - 77 . 7% ) is smaller than wheat ( pH 3 . 5 - 4 . 5/58 . 60% - 89 . 41% ) , and rape ( pH 4 . 0 - 5 . 0/60 . 14% - 100% ) is the smallest , alpha-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar of rice increase with prolonged stress time , but the three indexes of wheat and rape increase at first , and then decrease .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The stress time when the maximum damage of a-amylase activity , contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar appeared is that rice ( 7 d , 7 d , 7 d ) > wheat ( 7 d , 6 d , 5 d ) > rape ( 3 d , 7 d , 5 d ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Responses of three indexes to stress level and stress time of acid rain show that the ability of sugar metabolism resisting acid rain is that rice is stronger than wheat and rape is the worst , and the difference in sugar metabolism of 3 species is one of the internal reasons why the germination indexes behave differently .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Responses of sugar metabolism during germination of rice ( O sativa ) , wheat ( T aestivum ) and rape ( B chinensis var . oleifera ) seeds to simulated acid rain ( pH 2 . 0 , pH 2 . 5 , pH 3 . 0 , pH 3 . 5 , pH 4 . 0 , pH 4 . 5 , pH 5 . 0 ) were investigated .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Interference with oxidative phosphorylation enhances anoxic expression of rice alpha-amylase genes through abolishing sugar regulation .
| | Author: Park M Yim HK Park HG Lim J Kim SH Hwang YS | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 61 P : 3235-44 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20530196 Accession (PMID): 20530196 | | Abstract: Rice has the unique ability to express alpha-amylase under anoxic conditions , a feature that is critical for successful anaerobic germination and growth .
Previously , anaerobic conditions were shown to up-regulate the expression of Amy3 subfamily genes ( Amy3B/C , 3D , and 3E ) in rice embryos .
These genes are known to be feedback regulated by the hydrolytic products of starchy endosperm such as the simple sugar glucose .
It was found that oxygen deficiency interferes with the repression of Amy3D gene expression imposed by low concentrations of glucose but not with that imposed by higher amounts .
This differential anoxic de-repression depending on sugar concentration suggests the presence of two distinct pathways for sugar regulation of Amy3D gene expression .
Anoxic de-repression can be mimicked by treating rice embryos with inhibitors of ATP synthesis during respiration .
Other sugar-regulated rice alpha-amylase genes , Amy3B/C and 3E , behave similarly to Amy3D .
Treatment with a respiratory inhibitor or anoxia also relieved the sugar repression of the rice CIPK15 gene , a main upstream positive regulator of SnRK1A that is critical for Amy3D expression in response to sugar starvation .
SnRK1A accumulation was previously shown to be required for MYBS1 expression , which transactivates Amy3D by binding to a cis-acting element found in the proximal region of all Amy3 subfamily gene promoters ( the TA box ) .
Taken together , these results suggest that prevention of oxidative phosphorylation by oxygen deficiency interferes with the sugar repression of Amy3 subfamily gene expression , leading to their enhanced expression in rice embryos during anaerobic germination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: This differential anoxic de-repression depending on sugar concentration suggests the presence of two distinct pathways for sugar regulation of Amy3D gene expression .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Treatment with a respiratory inhibitor or anoxia also relieved the sugar repression of the rice CIPK15 gene , a main upstream positive regulator of SnRK1A that is critical for Amy3D expression in response to sugar starvation .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Taken together , these results suggest that prevention of oxidative phosphorylation by oxygen deficiency interferes with the sugar repression of Amy3 subfamily gene expression , leading to their enhanced expression in rice embryos during anaerobic germination .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: These genes are known to be feedback regulated by the hydrolytic products of starchy endosperm such as the simple sugar glucose .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Other sugar-regulated rice alpha-amylase genes , Amy3B/C and 3E , behave similarly to Amy3D .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Mexican rice borer ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) oviposition site selection stimuli on sugarcane , and potential field applications .
| | Author: Showler AT Castro BA | | Journal: J Econ Entomol Citation: V : 103 P : 1180-6 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20857726 Accession (PMID): 20857726 | | Abstract: The Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) , a key pest of sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) and rice , Oryza sativa L , in Texas , has not been controlled with chemical insecticides or biological agents , but some sugarcane varieties have shown degrees of resistance .
Assessment of selected sugarcane leaf characteristics indicate that preference for oviposition sites is mostly determined by the presence of a leaf fold and secondarily by the availability of dry leaf it issue , both of which are antixenotic nonchemical stimuli .
We suggest that breeding sugarcane lines bearing leaves that do not fold on drying could provide substantial antixenotic resistance against the Mexican rice borer .
Previously identified antixenotic chemical stimuli , ie , low quantities or absence of important nutrients in green leaf it issue , only become apparent when resistant and susceptible sugarcane varieties are compared .
Varietal differences in oviposition preference , however , were not observed on excised dry leaf it issue , indicating that expression of resistance in terms of chemical stimuli requires detection of biochemicals in nearby living leaf it issue .
Excised dry sugarcane leaves retain the two dominant nonchemical oviposition preference stimuli for Mexican rice borers , and the leaves effectively trapped eggs away from intact plants when dry leaves were used as "mulch" at the bottom of greenhouse cages .
Under commercial sugarcane field conditions , bundled dry leaves also collected Mexican rice borer eggs .
Possible applications of dry sugarcane leaf substrate for egg scouting and for trapping eggs are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) , a key pest of sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) and rice , Oryza sativa L , in Texas , has not been controlled with chemical insecticides or biological agents , but some sugarcane varieties have shown degrees of resistance .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: We suggest that breeding sugarcane lines bearing leaves that do not fold on drying could provide substantial antixenotic resistance against the Mexican rice borer .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of selected sugarcane leaf characteristics indicate that preference for oviposition sites is mostly determined by the presence of a leaf fold and secondarily by the availability of dry leaf it issue , both of which are antixenotic nonchemical stimuli .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Previously identified antixenotic chemical stimuli , ie , low quantities or absence of important nutrients in green leaf it issue , only become apparent when resistant and susceptible sugarcane varieties are compared .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Excised dry sugarcane leaves retain the two dominant nonchemical oviposition preference stimuli for Mexican rice borers , and the leaves effectively trapped eggs away from intact plants when dry leaves were used as "mulch" at the bottom of greenhouse cages .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Under commercial sugarcane field conditions , bundled dry leaves also collected Mexican rice borer eggs .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Possible applications of dry sugarcane leaf substrate for egg scouting and for trapping eggs are discussed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Sugars act as signal molecules and osmotica to regulate the expression of alpha-amylase genes and metabolic activities in germinating cereal grains .
| | Author: Yu SM Lee YC Fang SC Chan MT Hwa SF Liu LF .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 30 ( 6 ) P : 1277-89 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8704135 Accession (PMID): 8704135 | | Abstract: The molecular mechanisms that initiate and control the metabolic activities of seed germination are largely unknown .
Sugars may play important roles in regulating such metabolic activities in addition to providing an essential carbon source for the growth of young seedlings and maintaining turgor pressure for the expansion of it issues during germination .
To test this hypothesis , we investigated the physiological role of sugars in the regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in embryo and endosperm of germinating rice seeds .
RNA gel blot analysis revealed that in the embryo and aleurone cells , expression of four alpha-amylase genes was differentially regulated by sugars via mechanisms beyond the well-known hormonal control mechanism .
In the aleurone cells , expression of these alpha-amylase genes was regulated by gibberellins produced in the embryo and by osmotically active sugars .
In the embryo , expression of two alpha-amylase genes and production of gibberellins were transient , and were probably induced by depletion of sugars in the embryo upon imbibition , and suppressed by sugars influx from the endosperm as germination proceeded .
The deferential expression of the four alpha-amylase genes in the embryo and aleurone cells was probably due to their markedly different sensitivities to changes in it issue sugar levels .
Our study supports a model in which sugars regulate the expression of alpha-amylase genes in a it issue-specific manner : via a feedback control mechanism in the embryo and via an osmotic control mechanism in the aleurone cells .
An interactive loop among sugars , gibberellins , and alpha-amylase genes in the germinating cereal grain is proposed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: In the embryo , expression of two alpha-amylase genes and production of gibberellins were transient , and were probably induced by depletion of sugars in the embryo upon imbibition , and suppressed by sugars influx from the endosperm as germination proceeded .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sugars may play important roles in regulating such metabolic activities in addition to providing an essential carbon source for the growth of young seedlings and maintaining turgor pressure for the expansion of it issues during germination .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To test this hypothesis , we investigated the physiological role of sugars in the regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in embryo and endosperm of germinating rice seeds .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA gel blot analysis revealed that in the embryo and aleurone cells , expression of four alpha-amylase genes was differentially regulated by sugars via mechanisms beyond the well-known hormonal control mechanism .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the aleurone cells , expression of these alpha-amylase genes was regulated by gibberellins produced in the embryo and by osmotically active sugars .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deferential expression of the four alpha-amylase genes in the embryo and aleurone cells was probably due to their markedly different sensitivities to changes in it issue sugar levels .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our study supports a model in which sugars regulate the expression of alpha-amylase genes in a it issue-specific manner : via a feedback control mechanism in the embryo and via an osmotic control mechanism in the aleurone cells .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: An interactive loop among sugars , gibberellins , and alpha-amylase genes in the germinating cereal grain is proposed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Sugar response sequence in the promoter of a rice alpha-amylase gene serves as a transcriptional enhancer .
| | Author: Lu CA Lim EK Yu SM .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 273 ( 17 ) P : 10120-31 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9553059 Accession (PMID): 9553059 | | Abstract: Expression of alpha-amylase genes in both rice suspension cells and germinating embryos is repressed by sugars and the mechanism involves transcriptional regulation .
The promoter of a rice alpha-amylase gene alphaAmy3 was analyzed by both loss and gain-of-function studies and the major sugar response sequence ( SRS ) was located between 186 and 82 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site .
The SRS conferred sugar responsiveness to a minimal promoter in an orientation-independent manner .
It also converted a sugar-insensitive rice actin gene promoter into a sugar-sensitive promoter in a dose-dependent manner .
Linker-scan mutation studies identified three essential motifs : the GC box , the G box , and the TATCCA element , within the SRS .
Sequences containing either the GC box plus G box or the TATCCA element each mediated sugar response , however , they acted synergistically to give a high level glucose starvation-induced expression .
Nuclear proteins from rice suspension cells binding to the TATCCA element in a sequence-specific and sugar-dependent manner were identified .
The TATCCA element is also an important component of the gibberellin response complex of the alpha-amylase genes in germinating cereal grains , suggesting that the regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression by sugar and hormone signals may share common regulatory machinery . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: It also converted a sugar-insensitive rice actin gene promoter into a sugar-sensitive promoter in a dose-dependent manner .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The TATCCA element is also an important component of the gibberellin response complex of the alpha-amylase genes in germinating cereal grains , suggesting that the regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression by sugar and hormone signals may share common regulatory machinery .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression of alpha-amylase genes in both rice suspension cells and germinating embryos is repressed by sugars and the mechanism involves transcriptional regulation .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The promoter of a rice alpha-amylase gene alphaAmy3 was analyzed by both loss and gain-of-function studies and the major sugar response sequence ( SRS ) was located between 186 and 82 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The SRS conferred sugar responsiveness to a minimal promoter in an orientation-independent manner .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequences containing either the GC box plus G box or the TATCCA element each mediated sugar response , however , they acted synergistically to give a high level glucose starvation-induced expression .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nuclear proteins from rice suspension cells binding to the TATCCA element in a sequence-specific and sugar-dependent manner were identified .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Sugar uptake and transport in rice embryo .
Expression of companion cell-specific sucrose transporter ( OsSUT1 ) induced by sugar and light .
| | Author: Matsukura C Saitoh T Hirose T Ohsugi R Perata P Yamaguchi J | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 124 ( 1 ) P : 85-93 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10982424 Accession (PMID): 10982424 | | Abstract: We investigated sugar uptake and transport in rice ( Oryza sativa ) embryo during grain germination .
Endogenous sugar levels , accumulation of starch granules , and gene expression of a rice sucrose transporter ( OsSUT1 ) were examined using rice embryos germinated with or without exogenous sugar supply .
Starch granules remarkably accumulated in the cells around vascular bundles as a consequence of the sugar taken up by the embryos , indicating that the taken-up sugars are transiently converted into starch .
In situ detection for OsSUT1 mRNA indicated its localization in the phloem companion cells .
Furthermore , northern-blot and in situ hybridization analyses showed that OsSUT1 expression is not detectable in embryos subjected to sugar starvation conditions , whereas its expression is enhanced by an increased endogenous sugar level .
Overall results indicate that the expression of companion cell-specific sucrose transporter , OsSUT1 is regulated by the endogenous sugar status as well as light exposure . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Endogenous sugar levels , accumulation of starch granules , and gene expression of a rice sucrose transporter ( OsSUT1 ) were examined using rice embryos germinated with or without exogenous sugar supply .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Starch granules remarkably accumulated in the cells around vascular bundles as a consequence of the sugar taken up by the embryos , indicating that the taken-up sugars are transiently converted into starch .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Furthermore , northern-blot and in situ hybridization analyses showed that OsSUT1 expression is not detectable in embryos subjected to sugar starvation conditions , whereas its expression is enhanced by an increased endogenous sugar level .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated sugar uptake and transport in rice ( Oryza sativa ) embryo during grain germination .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overall results indicate that the expression of companion cell-specific sucrose transporter , OsSUT1 is regulated by the endogenous sugar status as well as light exposure .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Cereal aids fight against diarrhoea .
| | Author: . | | Journal: Citation: V : 8 ( 3 ) P : 9 Year: 1984 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12313290 Accession (PMID): 12313290 | | Abstract: Ricewater has been proved to be an effective treatment of diarrhea by investigators at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh ( ICDDR , B ) , who have shown that cereal-based solutions are even more effective than the much publicized mixtures of water , sugar , and salts .
Diarrhea kills 8 or 9 children under the age of 5 every minute , often simply by draining out of them the water and salts the body needs to keep functioning .
Only a few years ago , the conventional treatment for severe cases was a drip of saline fluid into the patients arm through a needle .
But this requires hospital treatment , and few 3rd world children ever see the inside of a hospital Recently , "oral rehydration therapy" ( ORT ) --giving children a carefully measured mix of water , sugar ( or pure glucose ) , and sodium chloride and potassium salts--has gained world recognition as a simple , cheap , and effective treatment .
A village mother can give it in her home , either from a prepackaged powder mixed with water or from solution she mixes herself .
Sugar , or the glucose into which the body converts sugar , continues to be absorbed across the intestinal walls during diarrhea--when the body is absorbing little else .
This process aids the absorption of the all-important salts .
The standard ORT formula for a liter of water calls for 20 g of glucose or 40 g of household sugar .
The newer cereal-based ORT replaces the sugar with rice powder .
Tests have shown that 80-86% of the rice powder is converted into glucose and absorbed .
According to Dr A Majid Molloa of ICDDR , B who pioneered the use of rice powder in ORT , 1 liter of rice powder solution is twice as effective as 2 liters of sugar solution .
There are several advantages in using rice powder in ORT .
Rice is the staple food of more than 1/2 the worlds population , particularly so where diarrhea is a killer .
It is grown and eaten throughout Asia , and in many parts of Latin America and Africa .
Some rice is usually available in the poorest village homes , whereas sugar may not be .
The rice solution is easy to prepare , and boiling prevents contamination .
The next step is to extend cereal-based ORT to other countries , and to experiment with other cereals , such as wheat , maize , sorghum , and also with potato and casasva .
Indonesia , India , China , and Kenya have already made a beginning in this direction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Sugar , or the glucose into which the body converts sugar , continues to be absorbed across the intestinal walls during diarrhea--when the body is absorbing little else .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ricewater has been proved to be an effective treatment of diarrhea by investigators at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh ( ICDDR , B ) , who have shown that cereal-based solutions are even more effective than the much publicized mixtures of water , sugar , and salts .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: But this requires hospital treatment , and few 3rd world children ever see the inside of a hospital Recently , "oral rehydration therapy" ( ORT ) --giving children a carefully measured mix of water , sugar ( or pure glucose ) , and sodium chloride and potassium salts--has gained world recognition as a simple , cheap , and effective treatment .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The standard ORT formula for a liter of water calls for 20 g of glucose or 40 g of household sugar .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The newer cereal-based ORT replaces the sugar with rice powder .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: According to Dr A Majid Molloa of ICDDR , B who pioneered the use of rice powder in ORT , 1 liter of rice powder solution is twice as effective as 2 liters of sugar solution .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some rice is usually available in the poorest village homes , whereas sugar may not be .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of CENH3 and centromere-associated DNA sequences in sugarcane .
| | Author: Nagaki K Murata M | | Journal: Chromosome Res .
Citation: V : 13 ( 2 ) P : 195-203 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15861308 Accession (PMID): 15861308 | | Abstract: Centromere-specific histone H3 ( CENH3 ) has been used to detect active centromeres , and to analyse the DNA sequences closely associated with the centromere , because they localize only in active centromeres and bind directly to the DNA .
In maize and rice , the centromeric retrotransposons ( CR ) are shown to be closely associated with their own CENH3 whereas no such association was found in Arabidopsis thaliana .
In this study , this sort of association was investigated in sugarcane .
Two expressed sequence tag groups encoding putative sugarcane CENH3 ( SoCENH3 ) were found in a sugarcane-expressed sequence tag database .
Their deduced amino acid sequences were similar to these of the CENH3s in rice and maize .
An antibody against rice CENH3 seemed to crossreact with the SoCENH3s , and stained sugarcane centromeres .
A set of immunoprecipitation tests was conducted with the antibody and chromatin from the sugarcane genome to reveal CENH3-associated DNA sequences in sugarcane .
Centromeric tandem repeats ( SCEN ) and centromeric retrotransposons of sugarcane ( CRS ) were significantly precipitated with the antibody , meaning these repeats are directly interacting with CENH3 in sugarcane centromeres .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Two expressed sequence tag groups encoding putative sugarcane CENH3 ( SoCENH3 ) were found in a sugarcane-expressed sequence tag database .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: A set of immunoprecipitation tests was conducted with the antibody and chromatin from the sugarcane genome to reveal CENH3-associated DNA sequences in sugarcane .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Centromeric tandem repeats ( SCEN ) and centromeric retrotransposons of sugarcane ( CRS ) were significantly precipitated with the antibody , meaning these repeats are directly interacting with CENH3 in sugarcane centromeres .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , this sort of association was investigated in sugarcane .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: An antibody against rice CENH3 seemed to crossreact with the SoCENH3s , and stained sugarcane centromeres .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Response of sugarcane to increasing concentrations of copper and cadmium and expression of metallothionein genes .
| | Author: Sereno ML Almeida RS Nishimura DS Figueira A | | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17175063 Accession (PMID): 17175063 | | Abstract: Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) offers the potential to be a phytoremediator species due to its outstanding biomass production , but its prospective metal accumulation and tolerance have not been fully characterized .
Sugarcane plantlets were able to tolerate up to 100muM of copper in nutrient solution for 33 days , with no significant reduction in fresh weight , while accumulating 45mgCukg ( -1 ) shoot dry weight .
Higher levels of copper in solution ( 250 and 500muM ) were lethal Sugarcane displayed tolerance to 500muM Cd without symptoms of toxicity , accumulating 451mgCdkg ( -1 ) shoot dry weight after 33 days , indicating its potential as Cd phytoremediator .
DNA gel blot analyses detected 8 fragments using a metallothionein ( MT ) Type I probe , while 10 were revealed for the MT Type II and 8 for MT Type III .
The number of genes for each type of MT in sugarcane might be similar to the ones identified in rice considering the interspecific origin of sugarcane cultivars .
MT Type I gene appeared to present the highest level of constitutive expression , mainly in roots , followed by MT Type II , corroborating the expression pattern described based on large-scale expressed sequence tags sequencing .
MT Type II and III genes were more expressed in shoots , where MT I was also importantly expressed .
Increasing Cu concentration had little or no effect in modulating MT genes expression , while an apparent minor modulation of some of the MT genes could be detected in Cd treatments .
However , the level of response was too small to explain the tolerance and/or accumulation of Cd in sugarcane it issues .
Thus , cadmium tolerance and accumulation in sugarcane might derive from other mechanisms , although MT may be involved in oxidative responses to high levels of Cd .
Sugarcane can be considered a potential candidate to be tested in Cd phytoremediation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The number of genes for each type of MT in sugarcane might be similar to the ones identified in rice considering the interspecific origin of sugarcane cultivars .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp . ) offers the potential to be a phytoremediator species due to its outstanding biomass production , but its prospective metal accumulation and tolerance have not been fully characterized .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sugarcane plantlets were able to tolerate up to 100muM of copper in nutrient solution for 33 days , with no significant reduction in fresh weight , while accumulating 45mgCukg ( -1 ) shoot dry weight .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Higher levels of copper in solution ( 250 and 500muM ) were lethal Sugarcane displayed tolerance to 500muM Cd without symptoms of toxicity , accumulating 451mgCdkg ( -1 ) shoot dry weight after 33 days , indicating its potential as Cd phytoremediator .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the level of response was too small to explain the tolerance and/or accumulation of Cd in sugarcane it issues .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , cadmium tolerance and accumulation in sugarcane might derive from other mechanisms , although MT may be involved in oxidative responses to high levels of Cd .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sugarcane can be considered a potential candidate to be tested in Cd phytoremediation .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Predicting economic losses from the continued spread of the Mexican rice borer ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) .
| | Author: Reay-Jones FP Wilson LT Reagan TE Legendre BL Way MO | | Journal: J Econ Entomol Citation: V : 101 P : 237-50 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18459384 Accession (PMID): 18459384 | | Abstract: The Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) , is an invasive species that originated from Mexico , and it is threatening to cause major economic losses to sugarcane , Saccharum spp . , and rice , Oryza sativa L , industries in Louisiana .
The insect is expected to reach sugarcane and rice production areas in Louisiana by 2008 , and infest all of Louisiana sugarcane and rice industries by 2035 .
When all sugarcane in Louisiana becomes infested , annual yield losses of $220 million would be expected for a cultivar of comparable susceptibility to LCP 85-384 ( assuming this cultivar is planted on 100% of the production area ) .
This also assumes the use of the current practice of rainfed production and one application of insecticide , which is presently used by farmers in Louisiana .
Irrigation with 30 cm of water is predicted to reduce estimated losses by 29% , whereas four applications of a biorational insecticide such as tebufenozide are expected to reduce the loss in revenue by 53% .
The use of the resistant HoCP 85-845 would reduce the projected loss in revenue by 24% .
Combining all three management tactics on sugarcane , anticipated net loss in revenue would decrease by 66% .
The rice industry in Louisiana is projected to suffer from a loss in revenue of $45 million when the entire state is infested .
A 77% reduction in loss in revenue is expected with one application of lambda-cyhalothrin .
A quarantine on east Texas sugarcane is estimated to save the Louisiana industry between $1 . 1 billion and $3 . 2 billion ( depending on management ) during the time needed for the insect to fully invade the states sugarcane and rice producing area by natural migration rather than by accidental introduction .
The rapid deployment of appropriate management tactics will have a key role in reducing the anticipated economic impact of E loftini once it becomes a pest in Louisiana sugarcane and rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The insect is expected to reach sugarcane and rice production areas in Louisiana by 2008 , and infest all of Louisiana sugarcane and rice industries by 2035 .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: A quarantine on east Texas sugarcane is estimated to save the Louisiana industry between $1 . 1 billion and $3 . 2 billion ( depending on management ) during the time needed for the insect to fully invade the states sugarcane and rice producing area by natural migration rather than by accidental introduction .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Mexican rice borer , Eoreuma loftini ( Dyar ) ( Lepidoptera : Crambidae ) , is an invasive species that originated from Mexico , and it is threatening to cause major economic losses to sugarcane , Saccharum spp . , and rice , Oryza sativa L , industries in Louisiana .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: When all sugarcane in Louisiana becomes infested , annual yield losses of $220 million would be expected for a cultivar of comparable susceptibility to LCP 85-384 ( assuming this cultivar is planted on 100% of the production area ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Combining all three management tactics on sugarcane , anticipated net loss in revenue would decrease by 66% .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rapid deployment of appropriate management tactics will have a key role in reducing the anticipated economic impact of E loftini once it becomes a pest in Louisiana sugarcane and rice .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Improvement of ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by enhancement of biomass and nutrient supplementation .
| | Author: Sankh SN Deshpande PS Arvindekar AU | | Journal: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Citation: V : 164 P : 1237-45 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21373793 Accession (PMID): 21373793 | | Abstract: Optimization of ethanol production through addition of substratum and protein-lipid additives was studied .
Oilseed meal extract was used as protein lipid supplement , while rice husk was used as substratum .
The effect of oil seed meal extract and rice husk was observed at varying concentration of medium sugar from 8% to 20% .
Of the three oil seed meal extracts used , viz . groundnut , safflower , and sunflower , safflower was found to be most efficient .
The use of oilseed meal extract at 4% was found to enhance ethanol production by almost 50% and enhanced sugar tolerance from 8% to 16% .
A further increase of almost 48% ethanol was observed on addition of 2 g of rice husk per 100 ml of medium .
An increase in cell mass with better sugar attenuation was observed .
Further optimization was sought through use of sugarcane juice as the sugar source .
While 8 . 9% ethanol yield with 75% sugar attenuation was observed at 20% sucrose concentration , it was found to increase to 12% ( v/v ) with almost complete utilization of medium sugar when sugarcane juice was used .
Cell weight was also observed to increase by 26% .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: While 8 . 9% ethanol yield with 75% sugar attenuation was observed at 20% sucrose concentration , it was found to increase to 12% ( v/v ) with almost complete utilization of medium sugar when sugarcane juice was used .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Further optimization was sought through use of sugarcane juice as the sugar source .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of oil seed meal extract and rice husk was observed at varying concentration of medium sugar from 8% to 20% .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The use of oilseed meal extract at 4% was found to enhance ethanol production by almost 50% and enhanced sugar tolerance from 8% to 16% .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: An increase in cell mass with better sugar attenuation was observed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: The 3 untranslated region of a rice alpha-amylase gene functions as a sugar-dependent mRNA stability determinant .
| | Author: Chan MT Yu SM .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 95 ( 11 ) P : 6543-7 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9601003 Accession (PMID): 9601003 | | Abstract: In plants , sugar feedback regulation provides a mechanism for control of carbohydrate allocation and utilization among it issues and organs .
The sugar repression of alpha-amylase gene expression in rice provides an ideal model for studying the mechanism of sugar feedback regulation .
We have shown previously that sugar repression of alpha-amylase gene expression in rice suspension cells involves control of both transcription rate and mRNA stability .
The alpha-amylase mRNA is significantly more stable in sucrose-starved cells than in sucrose-provided cells .
To elucidate the mechanism of sugar-dependent mRNA turnover , we have examined the effect of alphaAmy3 3 untranslated region ( UTR ) on mRNA stability by functional analyses in transformed rice suspension cells .
We found that the entire alphaAmy3 3 UTR and two of its subdomains can independently mediate sugar-dependent repression of reporter mRNA accumulation .
Analysis of reporter mRNA half-lives demonstrated that the entire alphaAmy3 3 UTR and the two subdomains each functioned as a sugar-dependent destabilizing determinant in the turnover of mRNA .
Nuclear run-on transcription analysis further confirmed that the alphaAmy3 3 UTR and the two subdomains did not affect the transcription rate of promoter .
The identification of sequence elements in the alpha-amylase mRNA that dictate the differential stability has very important implications for the study of sugar-dependent mRNA decay mechanisms . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The sugar repression of alpha-amylase gene expression in rice provides an ideal model for studying the mechanism of sugar feedback regulation .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In plants , sugar feedback regulation provides a mechanism for control of carbohydrate allocation and utilization among it issues and organs .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have shown previously that sugar repression of alpha-amylase gene expression in rice suspension cells involves control of both transcription rate and mRNA stability .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: To elucidate the mechanism of sugar-dependent mRNA turnover , we have examined the effect of alphaAmy3 3 untranslated region ( UTR ) on mRNA stability by functional analyses in transformed rice suspension cells .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found that the entire alphaAmy3 3 UTR and two of its subdomains can independently mediate sugar-dependent repression of reporter mRNA accumulation .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analysis of reporter mRNA half-lives demonstrated that the entire alphaAmy3 3 UTR and the two subdomains each functioned as a sugar-dependent destabilizing determinant in the turnover of mRNA .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The identification of sequence elements in the alpha-amylase mRNA that dictate the differential stability has very important implications for the study of sugar-dependent mRNA decay mechanisms .
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