| 35 matches found in 15 documents. Search time: 0.002 seconds. |
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro II cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related PPR motif genes via distinct modes of mRNA silencing .
| | Author: Wang Z Zou Y Li X Zhang Q Chen L Wu H Su D Chen Y Guo J Luo D Long Y Zhong Y Liu YG .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 18 ( 3 ) P : 676-87 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16489123 Accession (PMID): 16489123 | | Abstract: Cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) and nucleus-controlled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops .
However , the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction remains unclear .
Here , we show in rice ( Oryza sativa ) with Boro II cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading frame , orf79 , is cotranscribed with a duplicated atp6 ( B-atp6 ) gene and encodes a cytotoxic peptide .
Expression of orf79 in CMS lines and transgenic rice plants caused gametophytic male sterility .
Immunoblot analysis showed that the ORF79 protein accumulates specifically in microspores .
Two fertility restorer genes , Rf1a and Rf1b , were identified at the classical locus Rf-1 as members of a multigene cluster that encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins .
RF1A and RF1B are both targeted to mitochondria and can restore male fertility by blocking ORF79 production via endonucleolytic cleavage ( RF1A ) or degradation ( RF1B ) of dicistronic B-atp6/orf79 mRNA .
In the presence of both restorers , RF1A was epistatic over RF1B in the mRNA processing .
We have also shown that RF1A plays an additional role in promoting the editing of atp6 mRNAs , independent of its cleavage function . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 4.00 ]: RF1A and RF1B are both targeted to mitochondria and can restore male fertility by blocking ORF79 production via endonucleolytic cleavage ( RF1A ) or degradation ( RF1B ) of dicistronic B-atp6/orf79 mRNA .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Two fertility restorer genes , Rf1a and Rf1b , were identified at the classical locus Rf-1 as members of a multigene cluster that encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: In the presence of both restorers , RF1A was epistatic over RF1B in the mRNA processing .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have also shown that RF1A plays an additional role in promoting the editing of atp6 mRNAs , independent of its cleavage function .
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Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Retrograde regulation of nuclear gene expression in CW-CMS of rice .
| | Author: Fujii S Komatsu S Toriyama K | | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17086445 Accession (PMID): 17086445 | | Abstract: The CW-cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) line has the cytoplasm of Oryza rufipogon Griff , and mature pollen is morphologically normal under an optical microscope but lacks the ability to germinate ; restorer gene Rf17 has been identified as restoring this ability .
The difference between nuclear gene expression in mature anthers was compared for the CW-CMS line , [ cms-CW ] rf17rf17 , and a maintainer line with normal cytoplasm of Oryza sativa L , [ normal ] rf17rf17 .
Using a 22-k rice oligoarray we detected 58 genes that were up-regulated more than threefold in the CW-CMS line .
Expression in other organs was further investigated for 20 genes using RT-PCR .
Five genes , including genes for alternative oxidase , were found to be preferentially expressed in [ cms-CW ] rf17rf17 but not in [ normal ] rf17rf17 or [ cms-CW ] Rf17Rf17 .
Such [ cms-CW ] rf17rf17-specific gene expression was only observed in mature anthers but not in leaves , stems , or roots , indicating the presence of anther-specific mitochondrial retrograde regulation of nuclear gene expression , and that Rf17 has a role in restoring the ectopic gene expression .
We also used a proteomic approach to discover the retrograde regulated proteins and identified six proteins that were accumulated differently .
These results reveal organ-specific induced mitochondrial retrograde pathways affecting nuclear gene expression possibly related to CMS . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: Five genes , including genes for alternative oxidase , were found to be preferentially expressed in [ cms-CW ] rf17rf17 but not in [ normal ] rf17rf17 or [ cms-CW ] Rf17Rf17 .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The difference between nuclear gene expression in mature anthers was compared for the CW-CMS line , [ cms-CW ] rf17rf17 , and a maintainer line with normal cytoplasm of Oryza sativa L , [ normal ] rf17rf17 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Such [ cms-CW ] rf17rf17-specific gene expression was only observed in mature anthers but not in leaves , stems , or roots , indicating the presence of anther-specific mitochondrial retrograde regulation of nuclear gene expression , and that Rf17 has a role in restoring the ectopic gene expression .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The CW-cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) line has the cytoplasm of Oryza rufipogon Griff , and mature pollen is morphologically normal under an optical microscope but lacks the ability to germinate ; restorer gene Rf17 has been identified as restoring this ability .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Fertility restorer locus Rf1 [ corrected ] of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L ) encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein not present in the colinear region of rice chromosome 12 .
| | Author: Klein RR Klein PE Mullet JE Minx P Rooney WL Schertz KF .
| | Journal: Theor . Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 111 ( 6 ) P : 994-1012 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16078015 Accession (PMID): 16078015 | | Abstract: With an aim to clone the sorghum fertility restorer gene Rf1 , a high-resolution genetic and physical map of the locus was constructed .
The Rf1 locus was resolved to a 32-kb region spanning four open reading frames : a plasma membrane Ca ( 2+ ) -ATPase , a cyclin D-1 , an unknown protein , and a pentatricopeptide repeat ( PPR13 ) gene family member .
An approximately 19-kb region spanning the cyclin D-1 and unknown protein genes was completely conserved between sterile and fertile plants as was the sequence spanning the coding region of the Ca ( 2+ ) -ATPase .
In contrast , 19 sequence polymorphisms were located in an approximately 7-kb region spanning PPR13 , and all markers cosegregated with the fertility restoration phenotype .
PPR13 was predicted to encode a mitochondrial-targeted protein containing a single exon with 14 PPR repeats , and the protein is classified as an E-type PPR subfamily member .
To permit sequence-based comparison of the sorghum and rice genomes in the Rf1 region , 0 . 53 Mb of sorghum chromosome 8 was sequenced and compared to the colinear region of rice chromosome 12 .
Genome comparison revealed a mosaic pattern of colinearity with an approximately 275-kb gene-poor region with little gene conservation and an adjacent , approximately 245-kb gene-rice region that is more highly conserved between rice and sorghum .
Despite being located in a region of high gene conservation , sorghum PPR13 was not located in a colinear position on rice chromosome 12 .
The present results suggest that sorghum PPR13 represents a potential candidate for the sorghum Rf1 gene , and its presence in the sorghum genome indicates a single gene transposition event subsequent to the divergence of rice and sorghum ancestors . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: With an aim to clone the sorghum fertility restorer gene Rf1 , a high-resolution genetic and physical map of the locus was constructed .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Rf1 locus was resolved to a 32-kb region spanning four open reading frames : a plasma membrane Ca ( 2+ ) -ATPase , a cyclin D-1 , an unknown protein , and a pentatricopeptide repeat ( PPR13 ) gene family member .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: To permit sequence-based comparison of the sorghum and rice genomes in the Rf1 region , 0 . 53 Mb of sorghum chromosome 8 was sequenced and compared to the colinear region of rice chromosome 12 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The present results suggest that sorghum PPR13 represents a potential candidate for the sorghum Rf1 gene , and its presence in the sorghum genome indicates a single gene transposition event subsequent to the divergence of rice and sorghum ancestors .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with Lead Rice cytoplasm in comparison with that with Chinsurah Boro II cytoplasm .
| | Author: Itabashi E Kazama T Toriyama K | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 28 P : 233-9 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18956194 Accession (PMID): 18956194 | | Abstract: Rice with LD-type cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) possesses the cytoplasm of Lead Rice and its fertility is recovered by a nuclear fertility restorer gene Rf1 .
Rf1 promotes processing of a CMS-associated mitochondrial RNA of atp6-orf79 , which consists of atp6 and orf79 , in BT-CMS with the cytoplasm of Chinsurah Boro II .
In this study , we found that LD-cytoplasm contained a sequence variant of orf79 downstream of atp6 .
Northern blot analysis showed that atp6-orf79 RNA of LD-cytoplasm was co-transcribed and was processed in the presence of Rf1 in the same manner as in BT-cytoplasm .
Western blot analysis showed that the ORF79 peptide did not accumulate in an LD-CMS line , while ORF79 accumulated in a BT-CMS line and was diminished by Rf1 .
These results suggest that accumulation of ORF79 is not the cause of CMS in LD-cytoplasm and the mechanism of male-sterility induction/fertility restoration in LD-CMS is different from that in BT-CMS .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice with LD-type cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) possesses the cytoplasm of Lead Rice and its fertility is recovered by a nuclear fertility restorer gene Rf1 .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rf1 promotes processing of a CMS-associated mitochondrial RNA of atp6-orf79 , which consists of atp6 and orf79 , in BT-CMS with the cytoplasm of Chinsurah Boro II .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Northern blot analysis showed that atp6-orf79 RNA of LD-cytoplasm was co-transcribed and was processed in the presence of Rf1 in the same manner as in BT-cytoplasm .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Western blot analysis showed that the ORF79 peptide did not accumulate in an LD-CMS line , while ORF79 accumulated in a BT-CMS line and was diminished by Rf1 .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Fertility restoration by Ifr1 in rice with BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility is associated with a reduced level , but not processing , of atp6-orf79 co-transcribed RNA .
| | Author: Ohta H Ogino A Kasai M Sano Y Kanazawa A | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 29 P : 359-69 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20195612 Accession (PMID): 20195612 | | Abstract: BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) in rice is associated with accumulation of unprocessed dicistronic RNA containing a duplicated atp6 ( B-atp6 ) and an unusual open reading frame , orf79 , encoding a cytotoxic peptide in mitochondria .
The male-sterile state of BT-type CMS is stably maintained by backcrossing the plants with line Taichung 65 ( T65 ) that has no restorer gene and is completely suppressed by the presence of the Rf1 gene through the processing of B-atp6-orf79 RNA .
A variant of the T65 line , T65 ( T ) , has a weak restoration function conferred by the Ifr1 gene , which is genetically independent of the Rf1 gene .
However , not much is known about the mechanism ( s ) .
In a study to examine whether the mechanism involved in fertility restoration by Ifr1 is analogous to restoration mediated by Rf1 , the transcript profile of B-atp6-orf79 in male-sterile plants was compared with that in fertility restored plants obtained by crossing male-sterile plants with T65 ( T ) .
The cellular level of unprocessed B-atp6-orf79 RNA was reduced in the restored plants , but no change in processing efficiency or the quantity of B-atp6-orf79 DNA was detected .
These results suggest that Ifr1 restores fertility through reducing either the transcription rate of B-atp6-orf79 or the stability of its primary transcripts , a mechanism distinct from that involved in fertility restoration of BT-type CMS by Rf1 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The male-sterile state of BT-type CMS is stably maintained by backcrossing the plants with line Taichung 65 ( T65 ) that has no restorer gene and is completely suppressed by the presence of the Rf1 gene through the processing of B-atp6-orf79 RNA .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A variant of the T65 line , T65 ( T ) , has a weak restoration function conferred by the Ifr1 gene , which is genetically independent of the Rf1 gene .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In a study to examine whether the mechanism involved in fertility restoration by Ifr1 is analogous to restoration mediated by Rf1 , the transcript profile of B-atp6-orf79 in male-sterile plants was compared with that in fertility restored plants obtained by crossing male-sterile plants with T65 ( T ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that Ifr1 restores fertility through reducing either the transcription rate of B-atp6-orf79 or the stability of its primary transcripts , a mechanism distinct from that involved in fertility restoration of BT-type CMS by Rf1 .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: B-esterase activities and blood cell morphology in the frog Leptodactylus chaquensis ( Amphibia : Leptodactylidae ) on rice agroecosystems from Santa Fe Province ( Argentina ) .
| | Author: Attademo AM Cabagna-Zenklusen M Lajmanovich RC Peltzer PM Junges C Basso A | | Journal: Ecotoxicology Citation: V : 20 P : 274-82 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21113795 Accession (PMID): 21113795 | | Abstract: Activity of B-esterases ( BChE : butyrylcholinesterase and CbE : carboxylesterase using two model substrates : alpha-naphthyl acetate and 4-nitrophenyl valerate ) in a native frog , Leptodactylus chaquensis from rice fields ( RF1 : methamidophos and RF2 : cypermethrin and endosulfan sprayed by aircraft ) and non-contaminated area ( pristine forest ) was measured .
The ability of pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride ( 2-PAM ) to reactivate BChE levels was also explored .
In addition , changes in blood cell morphology and parasite infection were determined .
Mean values of plasma BChE activities were lower in samples from the two rice fields than in those from the reference site .
CbE ( 4-nitrophenyl valerate ) levels varied in the three sites studied , being highest in RF1 .
Frog plasma from RF1 showed positive reactivation of BChE activity after incubation with 2-PAM .
Blood parameters of frogs from RF2 revealed morphological alterations ( anisochromasia and immature erythrocytes frequency ) .
Moreover , a major infection of protozoan Trypanosoma sp . in individuals from the two rice fields was detected .
We suggest that integrated use of several biomarkers ( BChE and CBEs , chemical reactivation of plasma with 2-PAM , and blood cell parameters ) may be a promising procedure for use in biomonitoring programmes to diagnose pesticide exposure of wild populations of this frog and other native anuran species in Argentina .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Activity of B-esterases ( BChE : butyrylcholinesterase and CbE : carboxylesterase using two model substrates : alpha-naphthyl acetate and 4-nitrophenyl valerate ) in a native frog , Leptodactylus chaquensis from rice fields ( RF1 : methamidophos and RF2 : cypermethrin and endosulfan sprayed by aircraft ) and non-contaminated area ( pristine forest ) was measured .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: CbE ( 4-nitrophenyl valerate ) levels varied in the three sites studied , being highest in RF1 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Frog plasma from RF1 showed positive reactivation of BChE activity after incubation with 2-PAM .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Inheritance and molecular mapping of two fertility-restoring loci for Honglian gametophytic cytoplasmic male sterility in rice ( Oryza sativaL . ) .
| | Author: Liu XQ Xu X Tan YP Li SQ Hu J Huang JY Yang DC Li YS Zhu YG .
| | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Citation: V : 271 ( 5 ) P : 586-94 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15057557 Accession (PMID): 15057557 | | Abstract: The Honglian cytoplasmic male sterility ( cms-HL ) system , a novel type of gametophytic CMS in indica rice , is being used for the large-scale commercial production of hybrid rice in China .
However , the genetic basis of fertility restoration ( Rf ) in cms-HL remains unknown .
Previous studies have shown that fertility restoration is controlled by a single locus located on chromosome 10 , close to the loci Rf1 and Rf4 , which respond to cms-BT and cms-WA , respectively .
To determine if the Rf locus for cms-HL is different from these Rf loci and to establish fine-scale genetic and physical maps for map-based cloning of the Rf gene , high-resolution mapping of the Rf gene was carried out using RAPD and microsatellite markers in three BCF ( 1 ) populations .
The results of the genetic linkage analysis indicated that two Rf loci respond to cms-HL , and that these are located in different regions of chromosome 10 .
One of these loci , Rf5 , co-segregates with the SSR marker RM3150 , and is flanked by RM1108 and RM5373 , which are 0 . 9 cM and 1 . 3 cM away , respectively .
Another Rf locus , designated as Rf6 ( t ) , co-segregates with RM5373 , and is flanked by RM6737 and SBD07 at genetic distances of 0 . 4 cM .
The results also demonstrated these loci are distinct from Rf1 and Rf4 .
A 105-kb BAC clone covering the Rf6 ( t ) locus was obtained from a rice BAC library .
The sequence of a 66-kb segment spanning the Rf6 ( t ) locus was determined by a BLASTX search in the genomic sequence database established for the cultivar 93-11 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Previous studies have shown that fertility restoration is controlled by a single locus located on chromosome 10 , close to the loci Rf1 and Rf4 , which respond to cms-BT and cms-WA , respectively .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results also demonstrated these loci are distinct from Rf1 and Rf4 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Suppression mechanism of mitochondrial ORF79 accumulation by Rf1 protein in BT-type cytoplasmic male sterile rice .
| | Author: Kazama T Nakamura T Watanabe M Sugita M Toriyama K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18435825 Accession (PMID): 18435825 | | Abstract: In BT-type cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza sativa L ) with Chinsurah Boro II cytoplasm , cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) is caused by an accumulation of the cytotoxic peptide ORF79 .
The ORF79 protein is expressed from a dicistronic gene atp6-orf79 , which exists in addition to the normal atp6 gene in the BT-type mitochondrial genome .
The CMS is restored by a PPR ( pentatricopeptide-repeat ) gene , Rf1 , via RNA processing .
However , it has not yet been elucidated how the accumulation of ORF79 is reduced by the action of the Rf1 protein .
Here , we report that the level of processed orf79 transcripts in the restorer line was reduced to 50% of the unprocessed atp6-orf79 transcripts in the CMS line .
Ninety percent of the processed orf79 transcripts , which remained after degradation , were not associated with the ribosome for translation .
Our data suggests that the processing of atp6-orf79 transcripts diminishes the expression of orf79 by the translational reduction and degradation of the processed orf79 transcripts .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The CMS is restored by a PPR ( pentatricopeptide-repeat ) gene , Rf1 , via RNA processing .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , it has not yet been elucidated how the accumulation of ORF79 is reduced by the action of the Rf1 protein .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Molecular mapping and candidate gene identification of the Rf2 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor ( L ) Moench ] .
| | Author: Jordan DR Mace ES Henzell RG Klein PE Klein RR | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 120 P : 1279-87 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20091293 Accession (PMID): 20091293 | | Abstract: The A1 cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility system in sorghum is used almost exclusively for the production of commercial hybrid seed and thus , the dominant genes that restore male fertility in F ( 1 ) hybrids are of critical importance to commercial seed production .
The genetics of fertility restoration in sorghum can appear complex , being controlled by at least two major genes with additional modifiers and additional gene-environment interaction .
To elucidate the molecular processes controlling fertility restoration and to develop a marker screening system for this important trait , two sorghum recombinant inbred line populations were created by crossing a restorer and a non-restoring inbred line , with fertility phenotypes evaluated in hybrid combination with three unique cytoplasmic male sterile lines .
In both populations , a single major gene segregated for restoration which was localized to chromosome SBI-02 at approximately 0 . 5 cM from microsatellite marker , Xtxp304 .
In the two populations we observed that approximately 85 and 87% of the phenotypic variation in seed set was associated with the major Rf gene on SBI-02 .
Some evidence for modifier genes was also observed since a continuum of partial restored fertility was exhibited by lines in both RIL populations .
With the prior report ( Klein et al in Theor Appl Genet 111 : 994-1012 , 2005 ) of the cloning of the major fertility restoration gene Rf1 in sorghum , the major fertility restorer locus identified in this study was designated Rf2 .
A fine-mapping population was used to resolve the Rf2 locus to a 236 , 219-bp region of chromosome SBI-02 , which spanned 31 predicted open reading frames including a pentatricopeptide repeat ( PPR ) gene family member .
The PPR gene displayed high homology with rice Rf1 .
Progress towards the development of a marker-assisted screen for fertility restoration is discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: With the prior report ( Klein et al in Theor Appl Genet 111 : 994-1012 , 2005 ) of the cloning of the major fertility restoration gene Rf1 in sorghum , the major fertility restorer locus identified in this study was designated Rf2 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The PPR gene displayed high homology with rice Rf1 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Suppressed expression of RETROGRADE-REGULATED MALE STERILITY restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants .
| | Author: Fujii S Toriyama K | | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19458265 Accession (PMID): 19458265 | | Abstract: Conflict/reconciliation between mitochondria and nuclei in plants is manifested by the fate of pollen ( viable or nonviable ) in the cytoplasmic male sterility ( CMS ) /fertility restoration ( Rf ) system .
Through positional cloning , we identified a nuclear candidate gene , RETROGRADE-REGULATED MALE STERILITY ( RMS ) for Rf17 , a fertility restorer gene for Chinese wild rice ( CW ) -type CMS in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of RMS restored fertility to a CMS plant , whereas its overexpression in the fertility restorer line induced pollen abortion .
The mRNA expression level of RMS in mature anthers depended on cytoplasmic genotype , suggesting that RMS is a candidate gene to be regulated via retrograde signaling .
We found that a reduced-expression allele of the RMS gene restored fertility in haploid pollen , whereas a normal-expression allele caused pollen to die in the CW-type CMS .
RMS encodes a mitochondrial protein , 178 aa in length , of unknown function , unlike the majority of other Rf genes cloned thus far , which encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins .
The unique features of RMS provide novel insights into retrograde signaling and CMS .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Through positional cloning , we identified a nuclear candidate gene , RETROGRADE-REGULATED MALE STERILITY ( RMS ) for Rf17 , a fertility restorer gene for Chinese wild rice ( CW ) -type CMS in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
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