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Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Detection of QTLs with additive effects and additive-by-environment interaction effects on panicle number in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) with single-segment substitution lines .
| | Author: Liu G Zhang Z Zhu H Zhao F Ding X Zeng R Li W Zhang G | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 116 P : 923-31 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18274724 Accession (PMID): 18274724 | | Abstract: A novel population consisting of 35 single-segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) originating from crosses between the recipient parent , Hua-jing-xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , and 17 donor parents was evaluated in six cropping season environments to reveal the genetic basis of genetic main effect ( G ) and genotype-by-environment interaction effect ( GE ) for panicle number ( PN ) in rice .
Subsets of lines were grown in up to six environments .
An indirect analysis method was applied , in which the total genetic effect was first partitioned into G and GE by using the mixed linear-model approach , and then QTL ( quantitative trait locus ) analyses on these effects were conducted separately .
At least 18 QTLs for PN in rice were detected and identified on 9 of 12 rice chromosomes .
A single QTL effect ( a + ae ) ranging from -1 . 5 to 1 . 2 was divided into two components , additive effect ( a ) and additive x environment interaction effect ( ae ) .
A total number of 9 and 16 QTLs were identified with a ranging from -0 . 4 to 0 . 6 and ae ranging from -1 . 0 to 0 . 6 , respectively , the former being stable but the latter unstable across environments .
Three types of QTLs were suggested according to their effects expressed .
Two QTLs ( Pn-1b and Pn-6d ) expressed stably across environments due to the association with only a , nine QTLs ( Pn-1a , Pn-3c , Pn-3d , Pn-4 , Pn-6a , Pn-6b , Pn-8 , Pn-9 and Pn-12 ) with only ae were unstable , and the remaining seven of QTLs were identified with both a and ae , which also were unstable across environments .
This is the first report on the detection of QE ( QTL-by-environment interaction effect ) of QTLs with SSSLs .
Our results illustrate the efficiency of characterizing QTLs and analyzing action of QTLs through SSSLs , and further demonstrate that QE is an important property of many QTLs .
Information provided in this paper could be used in the application of marker-assisted selection to manipulate PN in rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 11.00 ]: At least 18 QTLs for PN in rice were detected and identified on 9 of 12 rice chromosomes . A single QTL effect ( a + ae ) ranging from -1 . 5 to 1 . 2 was divided into two components , additive effect ( a ) and additive x environment interaction effect ( ae ) . A total number of 9 and 16 QTLs were identified with a ranging from -0 . 4 to 0 . 6 and ae ranging from -1 . 0 to 0 . 6 , respectively , the former being stable but the latter unstable across environments . Three types of QTLs were suggested according to their effects expressed . Two QTLs ( Pn-1b and Pn-6d ) expressed stably across environments due to the association with only a , nine QTLs ( Pn-1a , Pn-3c , Pn-3d , Pn-4 , Pn-6a , Pn-6b , Pn-8 , Pn-9 and Pn-12 ) with only ae were unstable , and the remaining seven of QTLs were identified with both a and ae , which also were unstable across environments . This is the first report on the detection of QE ( QTL-by-environment interaction effect ) of QTLs with SSSLs . Our results illustrate the efficiency of characterizing QTLs and analyzing action of QTLs through SSSLs , and further demonstrate that QE is an important property of many QTLs . Information provided in this paper could be used in the application of marker-assisted selection to manipulate PN in rice .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A novel population consisting of 35 single-segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) originating from crosses between the recipient parent , Hua-jing-xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , and 17 donor parents was evaluated in six cropping season environments to reveal the genetic basis of genetic main effect ( G ) and genotype-by-environment interaction effect ( GE ) for panicle number ( PN ) in rice . Subsets of lines were grown in up to six environments . An indirect analysis method was applied , in which the total genetic effect was first partitioned into G and GE by using the mixed linear-model approach , and then QTL ( quantitative trait locus ) analyses on these effects were conducted separately . At least 18 QTLs for PN in rice were detected and identified on 9 of 12 rice chromosomes . A single QTL effect ( a + ae ) ranging from -1 . 5 to 1 . 2 was divided into two components , additive effect ( a ) and additive x environment interaction effect ( ae ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A novel population consisting of 35 single-segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) originating from crosses between the recipient parent , Hua-jing-xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , and 17 donor parents was evaluated in six cropping season environments to reveal the genetic basis of genetic main effect ( G ) and genotype-by-environment interaction effect ( GE ) for panicle number ( PN ) in rice . Subsets of lines were grown in up to six environments . An indirect analysis method was applied , in which the total genetic effect was first partitioned into G and GE by using the mixed linear-model approach , and then QTL ( quantitative trait locus ) analyses on these effects were conducted separately . At least 18 QTLs for PN in rice were detected and identified on 9 of 12 rice chromosomes . A single QTL effect ( a + ae ) ranging from -1 . 5 to 1 . 2 was divided into two components , additive effect ( a ) and additive x environment interaction effect ( ae ) . A total number of 9 and 16 QTLs were identified with a ranging from -0 . 4 to 0 . 6 and ae ranging from -1 . 0 to 0 . 6 , respectively , the former being stable but the latter unstable across environments . Three types of QTLs were suggested according to their effects expressed . Two QTLs ( Pn-1b and Pn-6d ) expressed stably across environments due to the association with only a , nine QTLs ( Pn-1a , Pn-3c , Pn-3d , Pn-4 , Pn-6a , Pn-6b , Pn-8 , Pn-9 and Pn-12 ) with only ae were unstable , and the remaining seven of QTLs were identified with both a and ae , which also were unstable across environments .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three types of QTLs were suggested according to their effects expressed . Two QTLs ( Pn-1b and Pn-6d ) expressed stably across environments due to the association with only a , nine QTLs ( Pn-1a , Pn-3c , Pn-3d , Pn-4 , Pn-6a , Pn-6b , Pn-8 , Pn-9 and Pn-12 ) with only ae were unstable , and the remaining seven of QTLs were identified with both a and ae , which also were unstable across environments . This is the first report on the detection of QE ( QTL-by-environment interaction effect ) of QTLs with SSSLs . Our results illustrate the efficiency of characterizing QTLs and analyzing action of QTLs through SSSLs , and further demonstrate that QE is an important property of many QTLs . Information provided in this paper could be used in the application of marker-assisted selection to manipulate PN in rice .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Purification and characterization of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from rice seeds .
| | Author: Jin YL Jo YY Kim KY Shim JH Kim YW Park RD .
| | Journal: J Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 35 ( 3 ) P : 313-9 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12297015 Accession (PMID): 12297015 | | Abstract: N-Acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase ( beta-HexNAcase ) ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 52 ) was purified from rice seeds ( Oryza sativa L var .
Dongjin ) using ammonium sulfate ( 80% ) precipitation , Sephadex G-150 , CM-Sephadex , and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography , sequentially .
The activities were separated into 7 fractions ( Fsub1 ; - F7sub7 ) by CM-Sephadex chromatography .
Among them , F6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13 . 0% yield and 123 . 3 purification-fold .
The molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 37 . 4 kDa on Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration .
The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ( pNP-GlcNAc ) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide ( pNPGalNAc ) as substrates , which are typical properties of beta-HexNAcase .
The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 .
However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside .
The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively .
The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site .
The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively .
The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 5 . 0-5 . 5 and 20-40 degrees C The enzyme activity was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0 . 1 mM HgCl ( 2 ) and AgNO ( 3 ) , suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity .
Chloramine T completely inhibited the activity , indicating the possible involvement of methionines in the mechanism of the enzyme . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Dongjin ) using ammonium sulfate ( 80% ) precipitation , Sephadex G-150 , CM-Sephadex , and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography , sequentially . The activities were separated into 7 fractions ( Fsub1 ; - F7sub7 ) by CM-Sephadex chromatography . Among them , F6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13 . 0% yield and 123 . 3 purification-fold . The molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 37 . 4 kDa on Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration . The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ( pNP-GlcNAc ) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide ( pNPGalNAc ) as substrates , which are typical properties of beta-HexNAcase . The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 . However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The activities were separated into 7 fractions ( Fsub1 ; - F7sub7 ) by CM-Sephadex chromatography . Among them , F6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13 . 0% yield and 123 . 3 purification-fold . The molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 37 . 4 kDa on Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration . The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ( pNP-GlcNAc ) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide ( pNPGalNAc ) as substrates , which are typical properties of beta-HexNAcase . The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 . However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site . The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Among them , F6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13 . 0% yield and 123 . 3 purification-fold . The molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 37 . 4 kDa on Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration . The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ( pNP-GlcNAc ) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide ( pNPGalNAc ) as substrates , which are typical properties of beta-HexNAcase . The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 . However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site . The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively . The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 5 . 0-5 . 5 and 20-40 degrees C The enzyme activity was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0 . 1 mM HgCl ( 2 ) and AgNO ( 3 ) , suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ( pNP-GlcNAc ) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide ( pNPGalNAc ) as substrates , which are typical properties of beta-HexNAcase . The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 . However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site . The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively . The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 5 . 0-5 . 5 and 20-40 degrees C The enzyme activity was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0 . 1 mM HgCl ( 2 ) and AgNO ( 3 ) , suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity . Chloramine T completely inhibited the activity , indicating the possible involvement of methionines in the mechanism of the enzyme .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 37 . 4 kDa on Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration . The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ( pNP-GlcNAc ) and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide ( pNPGalNAc ) as substrates , which are typical properties of beta-HexNAcase . The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 . However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site . The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively . The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 5 . 0-5 . 5 and 20-40 degrees C The enzyme activity was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0 . 1 mM HgCl ( 2 ) and AgNO ( 3 ) , suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity . Chloramine T completely inhibited the activity , indicating the possible involvement of methionines in the mechanism of the enzyme .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ratio of the pNP-GlcNAcase activity to the pNP-GalNAcase activity was 4 . 0 . However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site . The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively . The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 5 . 0-5 . 5 and 20-40 degrees C The enzyme activity was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0 . 1 mM HgCl ( 2 ) and AgNO ( 3 ) , suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity . Chloramine T completely inhibited the activity , indicating the possible involvement of methionines in the mechanism of the enzyme .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , it could not hydrolyze chitin , chitosan , pNP-beta-glucopyranoside , or pNP-beta-galactopyranoside . The enzyme showed K ( M ) , V ( max ) and K ( cat ) for pNP-GlcNAc of 1 . 65mM , 79 . 49mM min ( 1 ) , and 4 . 79 x 10 ( 6 ) min ( 1 ) , respectively . The comparison of kinetic values for pNPGlcNAc and pNP-GalNAc revealed that the two enzyme activities are associated with a single binding site . The purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature for pNPGlcNAc of 5 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively . The enzyme activity for pNP-GlcNAc was stable at pH 5 . 0-5 . 5 and 20-40 degrees C The enzyme activity was completely inhibited at a concentration of 0 . 1 mM HgCl ( 2 ) and AgNO ( 3 ) , suggesting that the intact thiol group is essential for activity . Chloramine T completely inhibited the activity , indicating the possible involvement of methionines in the mechanism of the enzyme .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: A circadian rhythm set by dusk determines the expression of FT homologs and the short-day photoperiodic flowering response in Pharbitis .
| | Author: Hayama R Agashe B Luley E King R Coupland G | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 19 P : 2988-3000 Year: 2007 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17965272 Accession (PMID): 17965272 | | Abstract: Seasonal control of flowering through responsiveness to daylength shows extreme variation .
Different species flower in response to long days or short days ( SDs ) , and this difference evolved several times .
The molecular mechanisms conferring these responses have been compared in detail only in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa ) and suggest that a conserved pathway confers daylength responses through regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) transcription by CONSTANS ( CO ) .
We studied Pharbitis ( Ipomoea nil ; formerly , Pharbitis nil ) , a widely used SD model species and a member of the Convolvulaceae , and showed using transgenic plants together with detailed expression analysis that two putative orthologs of FT ( Pn FT1 and Pn FT2 ) promote flowering specifically under SDs .
These genes are expressed only under SDs , and light flashes given during the night reduce their expression and prevent flowering .
We demonstrate that in Pharbitis a circadian rhythm set by the light-to-dark transition at dusk regulates Pn FT expression , which rises only when the night is longer than 11 h .
Furthermore , Pharbitis accessions that differ in their critical night-length responses express Pn FT at different times after dusk , demonstrating that natural genetic variation influencing the clock regulating Pn FT expression alters the flowering response .
In these assays , Pn FT mRNA abundance was not related to Pn CO expression , suggesting that Pn FT may be regulated by a different transcription factor in Pharbitis .
We conclude that SD response in Pharbitis is controlled by a dedicated light sensitive clock , set by dusk , that activates Pn FT transcription in darkness , a different mechanism for measuring daylength than described for Arabidopsis and rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: We studied Pharbitis ( Ipomoea nil ; formerly , Pharbitis nil ) , a widely used SD model species and a member of the Convolvulaceae , and showed using transgenic plants together with detailed expression analysis that two putative orthologs of FT ( Pn FT1 and Pn FT2 ) promote flowering specifically under SDs . These genes are expressed only under SDs , and light flashes given during the night reduce their expression and prevent flowering . We demonstrate that in Pharbitis a circadian rhythm set by the light-to-dark transition at dusk regulates Pn FT expression , which rises only when the night is longer than 11 h . Furthermore , Pharbitis accessions that differ in their critical night-length responses express Pn FT at different times after dusk , demonstrating that natural genetic variation influencing the clock regulating Pn FT expression alters the flowering response . In these assays , Pn FT mRNA abundance was not related to Pn CO expression , suggesting that Pn FT may be regulated by a different transcription factor in Pharbitis . We conclude that SD response in Pharbitis is controlled by a dedicated light sensitive clock , set by dusk , that activates Pn FT transcription in darkness , a different mechanism for measuring daylength than described for Arabidopsis and rice .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Seasonal control of flowering through responsiveness to daylength shows extreme variation . Different species flower in response to long days or short days ( SDs ) , and this difference evolved several times . The molecular mechanisms conferring these responses have been compared in detail only in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa ) and suggest that a conserved pathway confers daylength responses through regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) transcription by CONSTANS ( CO ) . We studied Pharbitis ( Ipomoea nil ; formerly , Pharbitis nil ) , a widely used SD model species and a member of the Convolvulaceae , and showed using transgenic plants together with detailed expression analysis that two putative orthologs of FT ( Pn FT1 and Pn FT2 ) promote flowering specifically under SDs . These genes are expressed only under SDs , and light flashes given during the night reduce their expression and prevent flowering . We demonstrate that in Pharbitis a circadian rhythm set by the light-to-dark transition at dusk regulates Pn FT expression , which rises only when the night is longer than 11 h . Furthermore , Pharbitis accessions that differ in their critical night-length responses express Pn FT at different times after dusk , demonstrating that natural genetic variation influencing the clock regulating Pn FT expression alters the flowering response . In these assays , Pn FT mRNA abundance was not related to Pn CO expression , suggesting that Pn FT may be regulated by a different transcription factor in Pharbitis .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The molecular mechanisms conferring these responses have been compared in detail only in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa ) and suggest that a conserved pathway confers daylength responses through regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) transcription by CONSTANS ( CO ) . We studied Pharbitis ( Ipomoea nil ; formerly , Pharbitis nil ) , a widely used SD model species and a member of the Convolvulaceae , and showed using transgenic plants together with detailed expression analysis that two putative orthologs of FT ( Pn FT1 and Pn FT2 ) promote flowering specifically under SDs . These genes are expressed only under SDs , and light flashes given during the night reduce their expression and prevent flowering . We demonstrate that in Pharbitis a circadian rhythm set by the light-to-dark transition at dusk regulates Pn FT expression , which rises only when the night is longer than 11 h . Furthermore , Pharbitis accessions that differ in their critical night-length responses express Pn FT at different times after dusk , demonstrating that natural genetic variation influencing the clock regulating Pn FT expression alters the flowering response . In these assays , Pn FT mRNA abundance was not related to Pn CO expression , suggesting that Pn FT may be regulated by a different transcription factor in Pharbitis . We conclude that SD response in Pharbitis is controlled by a dedicated light sensitive clock , set by dusk , that activates Pn FT transcription in darkness , a different mechanism for measuring daylength than described for Arabidopsis and rice .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Different species flower in response to long days or short days ( SDs ) , and this difference evolved several times . The molecular mechanisms conferring these responses have been compared in detail only in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa ) and suggest that a conserved pathway confers daylength responses through regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) transcription by CONSTANS ( CO ) . We studied Pharbitis ( Ipomoea nil ; formerly , Pharbitis nil ) , a widely used SD model species and a member of the Convolvulaceae , and showed using transgenic plants together with detailed expression analysis that two putative orthologs of FT ( Pn FT1 and Pn FT2 ) promote flowering specifically under SDs . These genes are expressed only under SDs , and light flashes given during the night reduce their expression and prevent flowering . We demonstrate that in Pharbitis a circadian rhythm set by the light-to-dark transition at dusk regulates Pn FT expression , which rises only when the night is longer than 11 h . Furthermore , Pharbitis accessions that differ in their critical night-length responses express Pn FT at different times after dusk , demonstrating that natural genetic variation influencing the clock regulating Pn FT expression alters the flowering response . In these assays , Pn FT mRNA abundance was not related to Pn CO expression , suggesting that Pn FT may be regulated by a different transcription factor in Pharbitis . We conclude that SD response in Pharbitis is controlled by a dedicated light sensitive clock , set by dusk , that activates Pn FT transcription in darkness , a different mechanism for measuring daylength than described for Arabidopsis and rice .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These genes are expressed only under SDs , and light flashes given during the night reduce their expression and prevent flowering . We demonstrate that in Pharbitis a circadian rhythm set by the light-to-dark transition at dusk regulates Pn FT expression , which rises only when the night is longer than 11 h . Furthermore , Pharbitis accessions that differ in their critical night-length responses express Pn FT at different times after dusk , demonstrating that natural genetic variation influencing the clock regulating Pn FT expression alters the flowering response . In these assays , Pn FT mRNA abundance was not related to Pn CO expression , suggesting that Pn FT may be regulated by a different transcription factor in Pharbitis . We conclude that SD response in Pharbitis is controlled by a dedicated light sensitive clock , set by dusk , that activates Pn FT transcription in darkness , a different mechanism for measuring daylength than described for Arabidopsis and rice .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
|---|
| Title: [ Analysis of additive and AE interaction effects of QTLs controlling plant height , heading date and panicle number in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Author: Yuan AP Cao LY Zhuang JY Li RZ Zheng KL Zhu J Cheng SH .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 30 ( 10 ) P : 899-906 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14669505 Accession (PMID): 14669505 | | Abstract: Plant height ( PH ) , heading date ( HD ) and productive panicle number ( PN ) are important agronomic trait in rice .
Appropriate plant height , heading date and panicle number are prerequisites for the desired high and stable yield level in rice breeding programs .
A recombinant inbred line ( RIL ) population consisting of 304 individuals was derived from a cross between indica varieties Zhong156 and Gumei2 , from which a linkage map consisting of 168 RFLP , SSLP , RAPD and RGA markers that distribute on all the 12 rice chromosomes was constructed , and covers 1447 . 9 cM of the rice genome .
The parents and 304 F9 lines were grown in the paddy field in China National Rice Research Institute ( CNRRI ) , Hangzhou , China in 2001 .
The experiments were carried out in two seasons followed a randomized complete block design .
QTLMapper 1 . 01 was applied to detect QTLs and QTL x environment ( QE ) interaction for HD ( heading data ) , PH ( plant height ) and PN ( panicle number ) , and conditional mapping for PH and PN was performed as well .
A total of 15 QTLs with significant additive effects were detected , among which 4 QTLs had significant QE interaction .
Ten QTLs with additive x additive epistatic effects for PH , HD and PN were detected , among which none showed significant epistatisis x environment interaction .
These QTLs explained 12 . 12% , 1 . 38% and 5 . 00% of the total phenotypic variance for PH , HD and PN , respectively , and contributions were generally lower due to the strong epistatic effects .
In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively .
Among the QTLs having significant additive effects for PH , qPH7-2 showed both additive effects and QE interaction , qPH7-1 and qPH10 showed QE interaction only , and the remaining 4 QTLs showed additive effects only .
Each of the 3 QTLs having significant additive effects for PN did not display significant QE interaction .
No epistatic QE interactions was detected .
In addition , conditional QTL analysis indicated that the expression of QTLs for PH and PN may vary depending on the QTLs for HD . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Appropriate plant height , heading date and panicle number are prerequisites for the desired high and stable yield level in rice breeding programs . A recombinant inbred line ( RIL ) population consisting of 304 individuals was derived from a cross between indica varieties Zhong156 and Gumei2 , from which a linkage map consisting of 168 RFLP , SSLP , RAPD and RGA markers that distribute on all the 12 rice chromosomes was constructed , and covers 1447 . 9 cM of the rice genome . The parents and 304 F9 lines were grown in the paddy field in China National Rice Research Institute ( CNRRI ) , Hangzhou , China in 2001 . The experiments were carried out in two seasons followed a randomized complete block design . QTLMapper 1 . 01 was applied to detect QTLs and QTL x environment ( QE ) interaction for HD ( heading data ) , PH ( plant height ) and PN ( panicle number ) , and conditional mapping for PH and PN was performed as well . A total of 15 QTLs with significant additive effects were detected , among which 4 QTLs had significant QE interaction . Ten QTLs with additive x additive epistatic effects for PH , HD and PN were detected , among which none showed significant epistatisis x environment interaction . These QTLs explained 12 . 12% , 1 . 38% and 5 . 00% of the total phenotypic variance for PH , HD and PN , respectively , and contributions were generally lower due to the strong epistatic effects . In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plant height ( PH ) , heading date ( HD ) and productive panicle number ( PN ) are important agronomic trait in rice . Appropriate plant height , heading date and panicle number are prerequisites for the desired high and stable yield level in rice breeding programs . A recombinant inbred line ( RIL ) population consisting of 304 individuals was derived from a cross between indica varieties Zhong156 and Gumei2 , from which a linkage map consisting of 168 RFLP , SSLP , RAPD and RGA markers that distribute on all the 12 rice chromosomes was constructed , and covers 1447 . 9 cM of the rice genome . The parents and 304 F9 lines were grown in the paddy field in China National Rice Research Institute ( CNRRI ) , Hangzhou , China in 2001 . The experiments were carried out in two seasons followed a randomized complete block design .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The parents and 304 F9 lines were grown in the paddy field in China National Rice Research Institute ( CNRRI ) , Hangzhou , China in 2001 . The experiments were carried out in two seasons followed a randomized complete block design . QTLMapper 1 . 01 was applied to detect QTLs and QTL x environment ( QE ) interaction for HD ( heading data ) , PH ( plant height ) and PN ( panicle number ) , and conditional mapping for PH and PN was performed as well . A total of 15 QTLs with significant additive effects were detected , among which 4 QTLs had significant QE interaction . Ten QTLs with additive x additive epistatic effects for PH , HD and PN were detected , among which none showed significant epistatisis x environment interaction . These QTLs explained 12 . 12% , 1 . 38% and 5 . 00% of the total phenotypic variance for PH , HD and PN , respectively , and contributions were generally lower due to the strong epistatic effects . In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively . Among the QTLs having significant additive effects for PH , qPH7-2 showed both additive effects and QE interaction , qPH7-1 and qPH10 showed QE interaction only , and the remaining 4 QTLs showed additive effects only . Each of the 3 QTLs having significant additive effects for PN did not display significant QE interaction .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The experiments were carried out in two seasons followed a randomized complete block design . QTLMapper 1 . 01 was applied to detect QTLs and QTL x environment ( QE ) interaction for HD ( heading data ) , PH ( plant height ) and PN ( panicle number ) , and conditional mapping for PH and PN was performed as well . A total of 15 QTLs with significant additive effects were detected , among which 4 QTLs had significant QE interaction . Ten QTLs with additive x additive epistatic effects for PH , HD and PN were detected , among which none showed significant epistatisis x environment interaction . These QTLs explained 12 . 12% , 1 . 38% and 5 . 00% of the total phenotypic variance for PH , HD and PN , respectively , and contributions were generally lower due to the strong epistatic effects . In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively . Among the QTLs having significant additive effects for PH , qPH7-2 showed both additive effects and QE interaction , qPH7-1 and qPH10 showed QE interaction only , and the remaining 4 QTLs showed additive effects only . Each of the 3 QTLs having significant additive effects for PN did not display significant QE interaction . No epistatic QE interactions was detected .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: QTLMapper 1 . 01 was applied to detect QTLs and QTL x environment ( QE ) interaction for HD ( heading data ) , PH ( plant height ) and PN ( panicle number ) , and conditional mapping for PH and PN was performed as well . A total of 15 QTLs with significant additive effects were detected , among which 4 QTLs had significant QE interaction . Ten QTLs with additive x additive epistatic effects for PH , HD and PN were detected , among which none showed significant epistatisis x environment interaction . These QTLs explained 12 . 12% , 1 . 38% and 5 . 00% of the total phenotypic variance for PH , HD and PN , respectively , and contributions were generally lower due to the strong epistatic effects . In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively . Among the QTLs having significant additive effects for PH , qPH7-2 showed both additive effects and QE interaction , qPH7-1 and qPH10 showed QE interaction only , and the remaining 4 QTLs showed additive effects only . Each of the 3 QTLs having significant additive effects for PN did not display significant QE interaction . No epistatic QE interactions was detected . In addition , conditional QTL analysis indicated that the expression of QTLs for PH and PN may vary depending on the QTLs for HD .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ten QTLs with additive x additive epistatic effects for PH , HD and PN were detected , among which none showed significant epistatisis x environment interaction . These QTLs explained 12 . 12% , 1 . 38% and 5 . 00% of the total phenotypic variance for PH , HD and PN , respectively , and contributions were generally lower due to the strong epistatic effects . In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively . Among the QTLs having significant additive effects for PH , qPH7-2 showed both additive effects and QE interaction , qPH7-1 and qPH10 showed QE interaction only , and the remaining 4 QTLs showed additive effects only . Each of the 3 QTLs having significant additive effects for PN did not display significant QE interaction . No epistatic QE interactions was detected . In addition , conditional QTL analysis indicated that the expression of QTLs for PH and PN may vary depending on the QTLs for HD .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: In conditional QTL analysis , the numbers of QTLs showing significant additive and epistatic effects were 7 and 6 for PH , and 3 and 3 for PN , respectively . Among the QTLs having significant additive effects for PH , qPH7-2 showed both additive effects and QE interaction , qPH7-1 and qPH10 showed QE interaction only , and the remaining 4 QTLs showed additive effects only . Each of the 3 QTLs having significant additive effects for PN did not display significant QE interaction . No epistatic QE interactions was detected . In addition , conditional QTL analysis indicated that the expression of QTLs for PH and PN may vary depending on the QTLs for HD .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
|---|
| Title: Nucleic acid binding activity of pns6 encoded by genome segment 6 of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus .
| | Author: Shao CG L HJ Wu JH Gong ZX .
| | Journal: Acta Biochim . Biophys . Sin . ( Shanghai ) Citation: V : 36 ( 7 ) P : 457-66 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15248020 Accession (PMID): 15248020 | | Abstract: The ORF of genome segment 6 ( S6 ) of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus ( RRSV ) Philippines isolate was cloned and sequenced based on the S6 sequence of the Thailand isolate .
Pns6 , the 71 kD product of S6 expressed in E coli , was demonstrated to be a viral non-structural protein of RRSV by Western blotting .
The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity .
Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays .
The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific .
By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain .
Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction .
The possible role of RRSV Pns6 in virus replication and assembly is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pns6 , the 71 kD product of S6 expressed in E coli , was demonstrated to be a viral non-structural protein of RRSV by Western blotting . The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity . Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain . Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction . The possible role of RRSV Pns6 in virus replication and assembly is discussed .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ORF of genome segment 6 ( S6 ) of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus ( RRSV ) Philippines isolate was cloned and sequenced based on the S6 sequence of the Thailand isolate . Pns6 , the 71 kD product of S6 expressed in E coli , was demonstrated to be a viral non-structural protein of RRSV by Western blotting . The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity . Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ORF of genome segment 6 ( S6 ) of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus ( RRSV ) Philippines isolate was cloned and sequenced based on the S6 sequence of the Thailand isolate . Pns6 , the 71 kD product of S6 expressed in E coli , was demonstrated to be a viral non-structural protein of RRSV by Western blotting . The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity . Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain . Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ORF of genome segment 6 ( S6 ) of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus ( RRSV ) Philippines isolate was cloned and sequenced based on the S6 sequence of the Thailand isolate . Pns6 , the 71 kD product of S6 expressed in E coli , was demonstrated to be a viral non-structural protein of RRSV by Western blotting . The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity . Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain . Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction . The possible role of RRSV Pns6 in virus replication and assembly is discussed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ORF of genome segment 6 ( S6 ) of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus ( RRSV ) Philippines isolate was cloned and sequenced based on the S6 sequence of the Thailand isolate . Pns6 , the 71 kD product of S6 expressed in E coli , was demonstrated to be a viral non-structural protein of RRSV by Western blotting . The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity . Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain . Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction . The possible role of RRSV Pns6 in virus replication and assembly is discussed .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The gel mobility shift assays showed that Pns6 had nucleic acid binding activity . Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain . Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction . The possible role of RRSV Pns6 in virus replication and assembly is discussed .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pns6 could interact with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA , showing a preference for single-stranded nucleic acid and a slight preference for RRSV ssRNA over the rice ssRNA , as demonstrated by both competition and displacement assays . The binding of Pns6 to nucleic acids is strong and sequence non-specific . By using five truncated derivatives of Pns6 , it was found that the basic region from amino acid 201 to 273 of Pns6 was the unique nucleic acid binding domain . Subcellular fractionation of leaf it issues of RRSV-infected rice plants and subsequent Western blotting had shown that Pns6 accumulated predominately in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction . The possible role of RRSV Pns6 in virus replication and assembly is discussed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
|---|
| Title: Treatment of p-nitrophenol in an adsorbent-supplemented sequencing batch reactor .
| | Author: Loo YM Lim PE Seng CE | | Journal: Environ Technol Citation: V : 31 P : 479-87 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20480823 Accession (PMID): 20480823 | | Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment ofp-nitrophenol ( PNP ) as a sole organic carbon source using a sequencing batch reactor ( SBR ) with the addition of adsorbent .
Two types of adsorbents , namely powdered activated carbon ( PAC ) and pyrolysed rice husk ( PRH ) were used in this study .
Two identical SBRs , each with a working volume of 10 L , were operated with fill , react , settle , draw and idle periods in the ratio of 2 : 8 : 1 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 25 for a cycle time of 12 h .
The results showed that , without the addition of adsorbent , increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs .
Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC .
When the dosage of 1 . 0 g PAC/cycle was applied , COD removal of 95% and almost complete removal of PNP were achieved at the influent PNP concentration of 300 mg/L The kinetic study showed that the rates of COD and PNP removal can be described by the first-order kinetics .
The enhancement of performance in the PAC-supplemented SBR was postulated to be due to the initial adsorption of PNP by the freshly added and the bioregenerated PAC , thus reducing the inhibition on the microorganisms .
The PRH was found to be ineffective because of its relatively low adsorption capacity for PNP , compared with that of PAC .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Two types of adsorbents , namely powdered activated carbon ( PAC ) and pyrolysed rice husk ( PRH ) were used in this study . Two identical SBRs , each with a working volume of 10 L , were operated with fill , react , settle , draw and idle periods in the ratio of 2 : 8 : 1 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 25 for a cycle time of 12 h . The results showed that , without the addition of adsorbent , increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs . Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC . When the dosage of 1 . 0 g PAC/cycle was applied , COD removal of 95% and almost complete removal of PNP were achieved at the influent PNP concentration of 300 mg/L The kinetic study showed that the rates of COD and PNP removal can be described by the first-order kinetics . The enhancement of performance in the PAC-supplemented SBR was postulated to be due to the initial adsorption of PNP by the freshly added and the bioregenerated PAC , thus reducing the inhibition on the microorganisms . The PRH was found to be ineffective because of its relatively low adsorption capacity for PNP , compared with that of PAC .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment ofp-nitrophenol ( PNP ) as a sole organic carbon source using a sequencing batch reactor ( SBR ) with the addition of adsorbent . Two types of adsorbents , namely powdered activated carbon ( PAC ) and pyrolysed rice husk ( PRH ) were used in this study . Two identical SBRs , each with a working volume of 10 L , were operated with fill , react , settle , draw and idle periods in the ratio of 2 : 8 : 1 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 25 for a cycle time of 12 h . The results showed that , without the addition of adsorbent , increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs . Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC . When the dosage of 1 . 0 g PAC/cycle was applied , COD removal of 95% and almost complete removal of PNP were achieved at the influent PNP concentration of 300 mg/L The kinetic study showed that the rates of COD and PNP removal can be described by the first-order kinetics . The enhancement of performance in the PAC-supplemented SBR was postulated to be due to the initial adsorption of PNP by the freshly added and the bioregenerated PAC , thus reducing the inhibition on the microorganisms . The PRH was found to be ineffective because of its relatively low adsorption capacity for PNP , compared with that of PAC .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment ofp-nitrophenol ( PNP ) as a sole organic carbon source using a sequencing batch reactor ( SBR ) with the addition of adsorbent . Two types of adsorbents , namely powdered activated carbon ( PAC ) and pyrolysed rice husk ( PRH ) were used in this study . Two identical SBRs , each with a working volume of 10 L , were operated with fill , react , settle , draw and idle periods in the ratio of 2 : 8 : 1 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 25 for a cycle time of 12 h . The results showed that , without the addition of adsorbent , increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs . Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two identical SBRs , each with a working volume of 10 L , were operated with fill , react , settle , draw and idle periods in the ratio of 2 : 8 : 1 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 25 for a cycle time of 12 h . The results showed that , without the addition of adsorbent , increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs . Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC . When the dosage of 1 . 0 g PAC/cycle was applied , COD removal of 95% and almost complete removal of PNP were achieved at the influent PNP concentration of 300 mg/L The kinetic study showed that the rates of COD and PNP removal can be described by the first-order kinetics . The enhancement of performance in the PAC-supplemented SBR was postulated to be due to the initial adsorption of PNP by the freshly added and the bioregenerated PAC , thus reducing the inhibition on the microorganisms . The PRH was found to be ineffective because of its relatively low adsorption capacity for PNP , compared with that of PAC .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results showed that , without the addition of adsorbent , increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs . Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC . When the dosage of 1 . 0 g PAC/cycle was applied , COD removal of 95% and almost complete removal of PNP were achieved at the influent PNP concentration of 300 mg/L The kinetic study showed that the rates of COD and PNP removal can be described by the first-order kinetics . The enhancement of performance in the PAC-supplemented SBR was postulated to be due to the initial adsorption of PNP by the freshly added and the bioregenerated PAC , thus reducing the inhibition on the microorganisms . The PRH was found to be ineffective because of its relatively low adsorption capacity for PNP , compared with that of PAC .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
|---|
| Title: Rice ragged stunt virus segment S6-encoded nonstructural protein Pns6 complements cell-to-cell movement of Tobacco mosaic virus-based chimeric virus .
| | Author: Wu Z Wu J Adkins S Xie L Li W | | Journal: Virus Res Citation: V : 152 P : 176-9 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20541571 Accession (PMID): 20541571 | | Abstract: The protein ( s ) that support intercellular movement of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) have not yet been identified .
In this study , the role of three nonstructural proteins Pns6 , Pns7 and Pns10 in cell-to-cell movement were determined with a movement-deficient Tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) vector .
The results showed that only the Pns6 could complement the cell-to-cell movement of the movement-deficient TMV in Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi nc and N benthamiana plants , and both N and C-terminal 50 amino acids of Pns6 were essential for the cell-to-cell movement .
Transient expression in epidermal cells from N benthamiana showed that the Pns6-eGFP fusion protein was present predominantly along the cell wall as well as a few punctate sites perhaps indicating plasmodesmata .
Taken together with previous finding that the Pns6 has nucleic acid-binding activity ( Shao et al , 2004 ) , the possible role of Pns6 in cell-to-cell movement of RRSV were discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The protein ( s ) that support intercellular movement of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) have not yet been identified . In this study , the role of three nonstructural proteins Pns6 , Pns7 and Pns10 in cell-to-cell movement were determined with a movement-deficient Tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) vector . The results showed that only the Pns6 could complement the cell-to-cell movement of the movement-deficient TMV in Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi nc and N benthamiana plants , and both N and C-terminal 50 amino acids of Pns6 were essential for the cell-to-cell movement . Transient expression in epidermal cells from N benthamiana showed that the Pns6-eGFP fusion protein was present predominantly along the cell wall as well as a few punctate sites perhaps indicating plasmodesmata . Taken together with previous finding that the Pns6 has nucleic acid-binding activity ( Shao et al , 2004 ) , the possible role of Pns6 in cell-to-cell movement of RRSV were discussed .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The protein ( s ) that support intercellular movement of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) have not yet been identified . In this study , the role of three nonstructural proteins Pns6 , Pns7 and Pns10 in cell-to-cell movement were determined with a movement-deficient Tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) vector . The results showed that only the Pns6 could complement the cell-to-cell movement of the movement-deficient TMV in Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi nc and N benthamiana plants , and both N and C-terminal 50 amino acids of Pns6 were essential for the cell-to-cell movement . Transient expression in epidermal cells from N benthamiana showed that the Pns6-eGFP fusion protein was present predominantly along the cell wall as well as a few punctate sites perhaps indicating plasmodesmata . Taken together with previous finding that the Pns6 has nucleic acid-binding activity ( Shao et al , 2004 ) , the possible role of Pns6 in cell-to-cell movement of RRSV were discussed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The protein ( s ) that support intercellular movement of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) have not yet been identified . In this study , the role of three nonstructural proteins Pns6 , Pns7 and Pns10 in cell-to-cell movement were determined with a movement-deficient Tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) vector . The results showed that only the Pns6 could complement the cell-to-cell movement of the movement-deficient TMV in Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi nc and N benthamiana plants , and both N and C-terminal 50 amino acids of Pns6 were essential for the cell-to-cell movement . Transient expression in epidermal cells from N benthamiana showed that the Pns6-eGFP fusion protein was present predominantly along the cell wall as well as a few punctate sites perhaps indicating plasmodesmata . Taken together with previous finding that the Pns6 has nucleic acid-binding activity ( Shao et al , 2004 ) , the possible role of Pns6 in cell-to-cell movement of RRSV were discussed .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The protein ( s ) that support intercellular movement of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) have not yet been identified . In this study , the role of three nonstructural proteins Pns6 , Pns7 and Pns10 in cell-to-cell movement were determined with a movement-deficient Tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV ) vector . The results showed that only the Pns6 could complement the cell-to-cell movement of the movement-deficient TMV in Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi nc and N benthamiana plants , and both N and C-terminal 50 amino acids of Pns6 were essential for the cell-to-cell movement . Transient expression in epidermal cells from N benthamiana showed that the Pns6-eGFP fusion protein was present predominantly along the cell wall as well as a few punctate sites perhaps indicating plasmodesmata . Taken together with previous finding that the Pns6 has nucleic acid-binding activity ( Shao et al , 2004 ) , the possible role of Pns6 in cell-to-cell movement of RRSV were discussed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
|---|
| Title: Viroplasm matrix protein Pns9 from rice gall dwarf virus forms an octameric cylindrical structure .
| | Author: Akita F Miyazaki N Hibino H Shimizu T Higashiura A Uehara-Ichiki T Sasaya T Tsukihara T Nakagawa A Iwasaki K Omura T | | Journal: J Gen Virol Citation: V : 92 P : 2214-21 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21613445 Accession (PMID): 21613445 | | Abstract: The non-structural Pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus ( RGDV ) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions , which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae .
Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV .
When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter .
Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope .
Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography .
Among proteins of viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae whose three-dimensional structures are available , a matrix protein of the viroplasm of rotavirus , NSP2 , forms similar octamers , an observation that suggests similar roles for Pns9 and NSP2 in morphogenesis in animal-infecting and in plant-infecting reoviruses .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The non-structural Pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus ( RGDV ) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions , which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae . Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV . When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter . Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope . Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography . Among proteins of viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae whose three-dimensional structures are available , a matrix protein of the viroplasm of rotavirus , NSP2 , forms similar octamers , an observation that suggests similar roles for Pns9 and NSP2 in morphogenesis in animal-infecting and in plant-infecting reoviruses .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural Pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus ( RGDV ) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions , which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae . Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV . When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter . Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope . Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural Pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus ( RGDV ) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions , which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae . Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV . When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter . Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope . Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography . Among proteins of viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae whose three-dimensional structures are available , a matrix protein of the viroplasm of rotavirus , NSP2 , forms similar octamers , an observation that suggests similar roles for Pns9 and NSP2 in morphogenesis in animal-infecting and in plant-infecting reoviruses .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural Pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus ( RGDV ) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions , which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae . Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV . When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter . Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope . Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography . Among proteins of viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae whose three-dimensional structures are available , a matrix protein of the viroplasm of rotavirus , NSP2 , forms similar octamers , an observation that suggests similar roles for Pns9 and NSP2 in morphogenesis in animal-infecting and in plant-infecting reoviruses .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural Pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus ( RGDV ) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions , which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae . Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV . When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter . Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope . Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography . Among proteins of viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae whose three-dimensional structures are available , a matrix protein of the viroplasm of rotavirus , NSP2 , forms similar octamers , an observation that suggests similar roles for Pns9 and NSP2 in morphogenesis in animal-infecting and in plant-infecting reoviruses .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of RGDV-infected vector cells in monolayers , using antibodies against Pns9 of RGDV and expression of Pns9 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells , demonstrated that Pns9 is the minimal viral factor necessary for formation of viroplasm inclusion during infection by RGDV . When Pns9 in solution was observed under a conventional electron microscope , it appeared as ring-like aggregates of approximately 100 A in diameter . Cryo-electron microscopic analysis of these aggregates revealed cylinders of octameric Pns9 , whose dimensions were similar to those observed under the conventional electron microscope . Octamerization of Pns9 in solution was confirmed by the results of size-exclusion chromatography . Among proteins of viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae whose three-dimensional structures are available , a matrix protein of the viroplasm of rotavirus , NSP2 , forms similar octamers , an observation that suggests similar roles for Pns9 and NSP2 in morphogenesis in animal-infecting and in plant-infecting reoviruses .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
|---|
| Title: Molecular marker dissection of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plant architecture under temperate and tropical climates .
| | Author: Kobayashi S Fukuta Y Sato T Osaki M Khush GS .
| | Journal: Theor . Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 107 ( 8 ) P : 1350-6 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12920520 Accession (PMID): 12920520 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants develop vertically with shoot elongation and horizontally with tillering .
The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize genomic regions influencing the rice plant architecture by quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) analysis for the component traits : culm length ( CL ) , panicle length ( PnL ) , panicle number ( PnN ) and tiller number ( TN ) .
For this QTL analysis , 191 recombinant inbred lines ( F ( 7 ) ) derived from a cross of Milyang 23 ( M23 ) and Akihikari ( AK ) were grown in 1995 , 1996 and 1997 ( May-Oct ) in Joetsu , Japan ( temperate climate ) , and in the 2000 dry season ( Jan-Apr ) , the 2000 wet season ( Jun-Oct ) and the 2001 dry season in Los Baos , The Philippines ( tropical climate ) .
Results showed that rice plant architecture was influenced by 19 genomic regions categorized into five groups .
In Group I , two regions ( on chrs .
6 and 11 ) affected shoot elongation ( CL and PnL ) and tillering ( PnN and TN ) in opposite directions more significantly in Los Baos than in Joetsu .
In Group II , two regions ( chrs .
3 and 12 ) affected shoot elongation , whereas in Group III , five regions [ chrs .
1 ( two ) , 2 , 3 and 9 ] affected only culm length ( CL ) .
Expressions of four regions of Group III were influenced by either tropical or temperate environments .
In Group IV , seven regions ( chrs .
1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 and 9 ) controlled panicle development ( PnN or PnL ) , and in Group V , three regions ( chrs .
1 , 2 and 3 ) regulated tillering ( PnN or TN ) .
Characterizing these 19 genomic regions provided a detailed analysis of rice plant architecture with emphasis on the multiple effect and environmental responsive regions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants develop vertically with shoot elongation and horizontally with tillering . The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize genomic regions influencing the rice plant architecture by quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) analysis for the component traits : culm length ( CL ) , panicle length ( PnL ) , panicle number ( PnN ) and tiller number ( TN ) . For this QTL analysis , 191 recombinant inbred lines ( F ( 7 ) ) derived from a cross of Milyang 23 ( M23 ) and Akihikari ( AK ) were grown in 1995 , 1996 and 1997 ( May-Oct ) in Joetsu , Japan ( temperate climate ) , and in the 2000 dry season ( Jan-Apr ) , the 2000 wet season ( Jun-Oct ) and the 2001 dry season in Los Baos , The Philippines ( tropical climate ) . Results showed that rice plant architecture was influenced by 19 genomic regions categorized into five groups . In Group I , two regions ( on chrs . 6 and 11 ) affected shoot elongation ( CL and PnL ) and tillering ( PnN and TN ) in opposite directions more significantly in Los Baos than in Joetsu .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize genomic regions influencing the rice plant architecture by quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) analysis for the component traits : culm length ( CL ) , panicle length ( PnL ) , panicle number ( PnN ) and tiller number ( TN ) . For this QTL analysis , 191 recombinant inbred lines ( F ( 7 ) ) derived from a cross of Milyang 23 ( M23 ) and Akihikari ( AK ) were grown in 1995 , 1996 and 1997 ( May-Oct ) in Joetsu , Japan ( temperate climate ) , and in the 2000 dry season ( Jan-Apr ) , the 2000 wet season ( Jun-Oct ) and the 2001 dry season in Los Baos , The Philippines ( tropical climate ) . Results showed that rice plant architecture was influenced by 19 genomic regions categorized into five groups . In Group I , two regions ( on chrs . 6 and 11 ) affected shoot elongation ( CL and PnL ) and tillering ( PnN and TN ) in opposite directions more significantly in Los Baos than in Joetsu . In Group II , two regions ( chrs . 3 and 12 ) affected shoot elongation , whereas in Group III , five regions [ chrs . 1 ( two ) , 2 , 3 and 9 ] affected only culm length ( CL ) . Expressions of four regions of Group III were influenced by either tropical or temperate environments .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: 3 and 12 ) affected shoot elongation , whereas in Group III , five regions [ chrs . 1 ( two ) , 2 , 3 and 9 ] affected only culm length ( CL ) . Expressions of four regions of Group III were influenced by either tropical or temperate environments . In Group IV , seven regions ( chrs . 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 and 9 ) controlled panicle development ( PnN or PnL ) , and in Group V , three regions ( chrs . 1 , 2 and 3 ) regulated tillering ( PnN or TN ) . Characterizing these 19 genomic regions provided a detailed analysis of rice plant architecture with emphasis on the multiple effect and environmental responsive regions .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: 1 ( two ) , 2 , 3 and 9 ] affected only culm length ( CL ) . Expressions of four regions of Group III were influenced by either tropical or temperate environments . In Group IV , seven regions ( chrs . 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 and 9 ) controlled panicle development ( PnN or PnL ) , and in Group V , three regions ( chrs . 1 , 2 and 3 ) regulated tillering ( PnN or TN ) . Characterizing these 19 genomic regions provided a detailed analysis of rice plant architecture with emphasis on the multiple effect and environmental responsive regions .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Silencing by RNAi of the gene for Pns12 , a viroplasm matrix protein of Rice dwarf virus , results in strong resistance of transgenic rice plants to the virus .
| | Author: Shimizu T Yoshii M Wei T Hirochika H Omura T | | Journal: Plant Biotechnol J Citation: V : 7 P : 24-32 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18761654 Accession (PMID): 18761654 | | Abstract: The non-structural protein Pns12 of Rice dwarf virus is one of the early proteins expressed in cultured insect cells , and it is one of 12 proteins that initiate the formation of the viroplasm , the putative site of viral replication .
Pns4 is also a non-structural protein , visible as minitubules after nucleation of the viroplasm .
We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants .
The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs .
The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection .
By contrast , resistance was less apparent in the case of rice plants with Pns4-specific RNAi constructs , and delayed symptoms appeared in some plants of each line .
Our results suggest that interference with the expression of a protein that is critical for viral replication , such as the viroplasm matrix protein Pns12 , might be a practical and effective way to control viral infection in crop plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The non-structural protein Pns12 of Rice dwarf virus is one of the early proteins expressed in cultured insect cells , and it is one of 12 proteins that initiate the formation of the viroplasm , the putative site of viral replication . Pns4 is also a non-structural protein , visible as minitubules after nucleation of the viroplasm . We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants . The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs . The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection . By contrast , resistance was less apparent in the case of rice plants with Pns4-specific RNAi constructs , and delayed symptoms appeared in some plants of each line . Our results suggest that interference with the expression of a protein that is critical for viral replication , such as the viroplasm matrix protein Pns12 , might be a practical and effective way to control viral infection in crop plants .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural protein Pns12 of Rice dwarf virus is one of the early proteins expressed in cultured insect cells , and it is one of 12 proteins that initiate the formation of the viroplasm , the putative site of viral replication . Pns4 is also a non-structural protein , visible as minitubules after nucleation of the viroplasm . We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants . The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs . The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural protein Pns12 of Rice dwarf virus is one of the early proteins expressed in cultured insect cells , and it is one of 12 proteins that initiate the formation of the viroplasm , the putative site of viral replication . Pns4 is also a non-structural protein , visible as minitubules after nucleation of the viroplasm . We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants . The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs . The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection . By contrast , resistance was less apparent in the case of rice plants with Pns4-specific RNAi constructs , and delayed symptoms appeared in some plants of each line .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The non-structural protein Pns12 of Rice dwarf virus is one of the early proteins expressed in cultured insect cells , and it is one of 12 proteins that initiate the formation of the viroplasm , the putative site of viral replication . Pns4 is also a non-structural protein , visible as minitubules after nucleation of the viroplasm . We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants . The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs . The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection . By contrast , resistance was less apparent in the case of rice plants with Pns4-specific RNAi constructs , and delayed symptoms appeared in some plants of each line . Our results suggest that interference with the expression of a protein that is critical for viral replication , such as the viroplasm matrix protein Pns12 , might be a practical and effective way to control viral infection in crop plants .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pns4 is also a non-structural protein , visible as minitubules after nucleation of the viroplasm . We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants . The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs . The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection . By contrast , resistance was less apparent in the case of rice plants with Pns4-specific RNAi constructs , and delayed symptoms appeared in some plants of each line . Our results suggest that interference with the expression of a protein that is critical for viral replication , such as the viroplasm matrix protein Pns12 , might be a practical and effective way to control viral infection in crop plants .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: We introduced Pns12 and Pns4-specific RNA interference ( RNAi ) constructs into rice plants . The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific to the constructs . The progeny of rice plants with Pns12-specific RNAi constructs , after self-fertilization , were strongly resistant to viral infection . By contrast , resistance was less apparent in the case of rice plants with Pns4-specific RNAi constructs , and delayed symptoms appeared in some plants of each line . Our results suggest that interference with the expression of a protein that is critical for viral replication , such as the viroplasm matrix protein Pns12 , might be a practical and effective way to control viral infection in crop plants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
|---|
| Title: Mortality from infectious pneumonia in metal workers : a comparison with deaths from asthma in occupations exposed to respiratory sensitisers .
| | Author: Palmer KT Cullinan P Rice S Brown T Coggon D | | Journal: Thorax Citation: V : 64 P : 983-6 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19703831 Accession (PMID): 19703831 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : National analyses of mortality in England and Wales have repeatedly shown excess deaths from pneumonia in welders .
During 1979-90 the excess was attributable largely to deaths from lobar pneumonia and pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia , limited to men of working age and apparent in other occupations with exposure to metal fumes .
The findings for 1991-2000 were assessed and compared with the mortality pattern from asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitisers .
METHODS : The Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000 , including age and last held occupation .
Data were abstracted on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to metal fumes and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes as at risk of occupational asthma .
The expected numbers of deaths were estimated by applying age-specific proportions of deaths by cause in the population to the total deaths by age in each occupational group .
Observed and expected numbers were compared for each cause of death .
RESULTS : Among men of working age in occupations with exposure to metal fumes there was excess mortality from pneumococcal and lobar pneumonia ( 54 deaths vs 27 . 3 expected ) and from pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia ( 71 vs 52 . 4 ) , but no excess from these causes at older ages or from bronchopneumonia at any age .
The attributable mortality from metal fume exposure was 45 . 3 excess deaths compared with an estimated 62 . 6 deaths from occupational asthma .
CONCLUSION : Exposure to metal fumes is a material cause of occupational mortality .
The hazard deserves far more attention than it presently receives .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: METHODS : The Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000 , including age and last held occupation . Data were abstracted on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to metal fumes and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes as at risk of occupational asthma . The expected numbers of deaths were estimated by applying age-specific proportions of deaths by cause in the population to the total deaths by age in each occupational group . Observed and expected numbers were compared for each cause of death . RESULTS : Among men of working age in occupations with exposure to metal fumes there was excess mortality from pneumococcal and lobar pneumonia ( 54 deaths vs 27 . 3 expected ) and from pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia ( 71 vs 52 . 4 ) , but no excess from these causes at older ages or from bronchopneumonia at any age . The attributable mortality from metal fume exposure was 45 . 3 excess deaths compared with an estimated 62 . 6 deaths from occupational asthma . CONCLUSION : Exposure to metal fumes is a material cause of occupational mortality . The hazard deserves far more attention than it presently receives .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: BACKGROUND : National analyses of mortality in England and Wales have repeatedly shown excess deaths from pneumonia in welders . During 1979-90 the excess was attributable largely to deaths from lobar pneumonia and pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia , limited to men of working age and apparent in other occupations with exposure to metal fumes . The findings for 1991-2000 were assessed and compared with the mortality pattern from asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitisers . METHODS : The Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000 , including age and last held occupation . Data were abstracted on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to metal fumes and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes as at risk of occupational asthma . The expected numbers of deaths were estimated by applying age-specific proportions of deaths by cause in the population to the total deaths by age in each occupational group .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : National analyses of mortality in England and Wales have repeatedly shown excess deaths from pneumonia in welders . During 1979-90 the excess was attributable largely to deaths from lobar pneumonia and pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia , limited to men of working age and apparent in other occupations with exposure to metal fumes . The findings for 1991-2000 were assessed and compared with the mortality pattern from asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitisers . METHODS : The Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000 , including age and last held occupation . Data were abstracted on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to metal fumes and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes as at risk of occupational asthma .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : National analyses of mortality in England and Wales have repeatedly shown excess deaths from pneumonia in welders . During 1979-90 the excess was attributable largely to deaths from lobar pneumonia and pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia , limited to men of working age and apparent in other occupations with exposure to metal fumes . The findings for 1991-2000 were assessed and compared with the mortality pattern from asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitisers . METHODS : The Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000 , including age and last held occupation . Data were abstracted on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to metal fumes and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes as at risk of occupational asthma . The expected numbers of deaths were estimated by applying age-specific proportions of deaths by cause in the population to the total deaths by age in each occupational group . Observed and expected numbers were compared for each cause of death . RESULTS : Among men of working age in occupations with exposure to metal fumes there was excess mortality from pneumococcal and lobar pneumonia ( 54 deaths vs 27 . 3 expected ) and from pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia ( 71 vs 52 . 4 ) , but no excess from these causes at older ages or from bronchopneumonia at any age . The attributable mortality from metal fume exposure was 45 . 3 excess deaths compared with an estimated 62 . 6 deaths from occupational asthma .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
|---|
| Title: Clinical evidence of efficacy of red yeast rice and berberine in a large controlled study versus diet .
| | Author: Trimarco B Benvenuti C Rozza F Cimmino CS Giudice R Crispo S | | Journal: Med J Nutrition Metab Citation: V : 4 P : 133-139 Year: 2011 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21909461 Accession (PMID): 21909461 | | Abstract: Efficacy of a new patented proprietary combination of natural nutraceuticals ( PN ) containing natural hypolipidemic as red yeast , policosanol and berberine was tested in a large study on dyslipidemic patients in clinical practice .
A parallel , controlled , randomized , multicenter study was designed .
After 2 weeks on a stable dietary regimen , the patients were randomized to PN 1 tablet/day associated with diet ( PN + D ) or diet alone ( D ) for 16 weeks .
Entry criteria were : Tot-Chol >200 mg/dL or LDL-Chol >150 mg/dL without a clear indication for statins , or plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL .
Lipid pattern and CV parameters were evaluated at baseline and monthly .
1 , 751 patients were enrolled in 248 Italian units , 933 patients on PN + D and 818 on D The baseline lipid values were : Tot-Chol 255 . 4 versus 243 . 1 mg/dL , LDL-Chol 170 . 1 versus 162 . 2 mg/dL , HDL-Chol 50 . 0 versus 48 . 8 mg/dL , and TG 190 . 5 versus 184 . 4 mg/dL .
PN constantly and significantly improved lipid parameters versus D group : at 16 weeks -19 . 1 versus -9 . 4% for Tot-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -23 . 5 versus -10 . 8% for LDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , +11 . 6 versus +4 . 0% for HDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -17 . 9 versus -11 . 3% for TG ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
In conclusions , PN plus diet allows an effective improvement of blood lipids with a significant reduction of global CV risk , suggesting a role for PN in CHD prevention .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Efficacy of a new patented proprietary combination of natural nutraceuticals ( PN ) containing natural hypolipidemic as red yeast , policosanol and berberine was tested in a large study on dyslipidemic patients in clinical practice . A parallel , controlled , randomized , multicenter study was designed . After 2 weeks on a stable dietary regimen , the patients were randomized to PN 1 tablet/day associated with diet ( PN + D ) or diet alone ( D ) for 16 weeks . Entry criteria were : Tot-Chol >200 mg/dL or LDL-Chol >150 mg/dL without a clear indication for statins , or plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL . Lipid pattern and CV parameters were evaluated at baseline and monthly . 1 , 751 patients were enrolled in 248 Italian units , 933 patients on PN + D and 818 on D The baseline lipid values were : Tot-Chol 255 . 4 versus 243 . 1 mg/dL , LDL-Chol 170 . 1 versus 162 . 2 mg/dL , HDL-Chol 50 . 0 versus 48 . 8 mg/dL , and TG 190 . 5 versus 184 . 4 mg/dL . PN constantly and significantly improved lipid parameters versus D group : at 16 weeks -19 . 1 versus -9 . 4% for Tot-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -23 . 5 versus -10 . 8% for LDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , +11 . 6 versus +4 . 0% for HDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -17 . 9 versus -11 . 3% for TG ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Entry criteria were : Tot-Chol >200 mg/dL or LDL-Chol >150 mg/dL without a clear indication for statins , or plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL . Lipid pattern and CV parameters were evaluated at baseline and monthly . 1 , 751 patients were enrolled in 248 Italian units , 933 patients on PN + D and 818 on D The baseline lipid values were : Tot-Chol 255 . 4 versus 243 . 1 mg/dL , LDL-Chol 170 . 1 versus 162 . 2 mg/dL , HDL-Chol 50 . 0 versus 48 . 8 mg/dL , and TG 190 . 5 versus 184 . 4 mg/dL . PN constantly and significantly improved lipid parameters versus D group : at 16 weeks -19 . 1 versus -9 . 4% for Tot-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -23 . 5 versus -10 . 8% for LDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , +11 . 6 versus +4 . 0% for HDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -17 . 9 versus -11 . 3% for TG ( p < 0 . 001 ) . In conclusions , PN plus diet allows an effective improvement of blood lipids with a significant reduction of global CV risk , suggesting a role for PN in CHD prevention .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Efficacy of a new patented proprietary combination of natural nutraceuticals ( PN ) containing natural hypolipidemic as red yeast , policosanol and berberine was tested in a large study on dyslipidemic patients in clinical practice . A parallel , controlled , randomized , multicenter study was designed . After 2 weeks on a stable dietary regimen , the patients were randomized to PN 1 tablet/day associated with diet ( PN + D ) or diet alone ( D ) for 16 weeks . Entry criteria were : Tot-Chol >200 mg/dL or LDL-Chol >150 mg/dL without a clear indication for statins , or plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL . Lipid pattern and CV parameters were evaluated at baseline and monthly .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: A parallel , controlled , randomized , multicenter study was designed . After 2 weeks on a stable dietary regimen , the patients were randomized to PN 1 tablet/day associated with diet ( PN + D ) or diet alone ( D ) for 16 weeks . Entry criteria were : Tot-Chol >200 mg/dL or LDL-Chol >150 mg/dL without a clear indication for statins , or plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL . Lipid pattern and CV parameters were evaluated at baseline and monthly . 1 , 751 patients were enrolled in 248 Italian units , 933 patients on PN + D and 818 on D The baseline lipid values were : Tot-Chol 255 . 4 versus 243 . 1 mg/dL , LDL-Chol 170 . 1 versus 162 . 2 mg/dL , HDL-Chol 50 . 0 versus 48 . 8 mg/dL , and TG 190 . 5 versus 184 . 4 mg/dL . PN constantly and significantly improved lipid parameters versus D group : at 16 weeks -19 . 1 versus -9 . 4% for Tot-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -23 . 5 versus -10 . 8% for LDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , +11 . 6 versus +4 . 0% for HDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -17 . 9 versus -11 . 3% for TG ( p < 0 . 001 ) . In conclusions , PN plus diet allows an effective improvement of blood lipids with a significant reduction of global CV risk , suggesting a role for PN in CHD prevention .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: After 2 weeks on a stable dietary regimen , the patients were randomized to PN 1 tablet/day associated with diet ( PN + D ) or diet alone ( D ) for 16 weeks . Entry criteria were : Tot-Chol >200 mg/dL or LDL-Chol >150 mg/dL without a clear indication for statins , or plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL . Lipid pattern and CV parameters were evaluated at baseline and monthly . 1 , 751 patients were enrolled in 248 Italian units , 933 patients on PN + D and 818 on D The baseline lipid values were : Tot-Chol 255 . 4 versus 243 . 1 mg/dL , LDL-Chol 170 . 1 versus 162 . 2 mg/dL , HDL-Chol 50 . 0 versus 48 . 8 mg/dL , and TG 190 . 5 versus 184 . 4 mg/dL . PN constantly and significantly improved lipid parameters versus D group : at 16 weeks -19 . 1 versus -9 . 4% for Tot-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -23 . 5 versus -10 . 8% for LDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , +11 . 6 versus +4 . 0% for HDL-Chol ( p < 0 . 001 ) , -17 . 9 versus -11 . 3% for TG ( p < 0 . 001 ) . In conclusions , PN plus diet allows an effective improvement of blood lipids with a significant reduction of global CV risk , suggesting a role for PN in CHD prevention .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
|---|
| Title: Rice BGlu1 glycosynthase and wild type transglycosylation activities distinguished by cyclophellitol inhibition .
| | Author: Pengthaisong S Chen CF Withers SG Kuaprasert B Ketudat Cairns JR | | Journal: Carbohydr Res Citation: V : 352 P : 51-9 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22418094 Accession (PMID): 22418094 | | Abstract: The rice BGlu1 beta-D-glucosidase nucleophile mutant E386G is a glycosynthase that catalyzes the synthesis of cellooligosaccharides from alpha-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride ( GlcF ) donor and p-nitrophenyl ( pNP ) cellobioside ( Glc2-pNP ) or cello-oligosaccharide acceptors .
When activity with other donors and acceptors was tested , the initial enzyme preparation cleaved pNP-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( Glc-pNP ) and pNP-beta-D-fucopyranoside ( Fuc-pNP ) to pNP and glucose and fucose , suggesting contamination with wild type BGlu1 beta-glucosidase .
The products from reaction of GlcF and Fuc-pNP included Fuc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , Glc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , and Fuc-beta- ( 1-->4 ) -Glc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , suggesting the presence of both wild type BGlu1 and its glycosynthase .
Inhibition of the BGlu1 beta-glucosidase activity within this preparation by cyclophellitol confirmed that the E386G glycosynthase preparation was contaminated with wild type BGlu1 .
Rice BGlu1 E386G-2 , generated from a new construct designed to minimize back-mutation , showed glycosynthase activity without wild type hydrolytic or transglycosylation activity .
E386G-2 catalyzed transfer of glycosyl residues from GlcF , alpha-L-arabinosyl fluoride , alpha-D-fucosyl fluoride , alpha-D-galactosyl fluoride , alpha-D-mannosyl fluoride , and alpha-D-xylosyl fluoride donors to Glc2-pNP acceptor .
The synthetic products from the reactions of alpha-fucosyl fluoride and alpha-mannosyl fluoride donors were confirmed to result from addition of a beta- ( 1-->4 ) -linked glycosyl residue .
Moreover , the E386G glycosynthase transferred glucose from GlcF donor to glucose , cellobiose , Glc-pNP , Fuc-pNP , pNP-beta-D-galactopyranoside , and pNP-beta-D-xylopyranoside acceptors , but little to pNP-beta-D-mannopyranoside .
Production of longer oligosaccharides occurred most readily on acceptors with an equatorial 4-OH .
Elimination of wild type contamination thereby allowed a clear assessment of BGlu1 E386G glycosynthase catalytic abilities .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The rice BGlu1 beta-D-glucosidase nucleophile mutant E386G is a glycosynthase that catalyzes the synthesis of cellooligosaccharides from alpha-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride ( GlcF ) donor and p-nitrophenyl ( pNP ) cellobioside ( Glc2-pNP ) or cello-oligosaccharide acceptors . When activity with other donors and acceptors was tested , the initial enzyme preparation cleaved pNP-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( Glc-pNP ) and pNP-beta-D-fucopyranoside ( Fuc-pNP ) to pNP and glucose and fucose , suggesting contamination with wild type BGlu1 beta-glucosidase . The products from reaction of GlcF and Fuc-pNP included Fuc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , Glc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , and Fuc-beta- ( 1-->4 ) -Glc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , suggesting the presence of both wild type BGlu1 and its glycosynthase . Inhibition of the BGlu1 beta-glucosidase activity within this preparation by cyclophellitol confirmed that the E386G glycosynthase preparation was contaminated with wild type BGlu1 . Rice BGlu1 E386G-2 , generated from a new construct designed to minimize back-mutation , showed glycosynthase activity without wild type hydrolytic or transglycosylation activity . E386G-2 catalyzed transfer of glycosyl residues from GlcF , alpha-L-arabinosyl fluoride , alpha-D-fucosyl fluoride , alpha-D-galactosyl fluoride , alpha-D-mannosyl fluoride , and alpha-D-xylosyl fluoride donors to Glc2-pNP acceptor .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: Inhibition of the BGlu1 beta-glucosidase activity within this preparation by cyclophellitol confirmed that the E386G glycosynthase preparation was contaminated with wild type BGlu1 . Rice BGlu1 E386G-2 , generated from a new construct designed to minimize back-mutation , showed glycosynthase activity without wild type hydrolytic or transglycosylation activity . E386G-2 catalyzed transfer of glycosyl residues from GlcF , alpha-L-arabinosyl fluoride , alpha-D-fucosyl fluoride , alpha-D-galactosyl fluoride , alpha-D-mannosyl fluoride , and alpha-D-xylosyl fluoride donors to Glc2-pNP acceptor . The synthetic products from the reactions of alpha-fucosyl fluoride and alpha-mannosyl fluoride donors were confirmed to result from addition of a beta- ( 1-->4 ) -linked glycosyl residue . Moreover , the E386G glycosynthase transferred glucose from GlcF donor to glucose , cellobiose , Glc-pNP , Fuc-pNP , pNP-beta-D-galactopyranoside , and pNP-beta-D-xylopyranoside acceptors , but little to pNP-beta-D-mannopyranoside . Production of longer oligosaccharides occurred most readily on acceptors with an equatorial 4-OH . Elimination of wild type contamination thereby allowed a clear assessment of BGlu1 E386G glycosynthase catalytic abilities .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice BGlu1 beta-D-glucosidase nucleophile mutant E386G is a glycosynthase that catalyzes the synthesis of cellooligosaccharides from alpha-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride ( GlcF ) donor and p-nitrophenyl ( pNP ) cellobioside ( Glc2-pNP ) or cello-oligosaccharide acceptors . When activity with other donors and acceptors was tested , the initial enzyme preparation cleaved pNP-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( Glc-pNP ) and pNP-beta-D-fucopyranoside ( Fuc-pNP ) to pNP and glucose and fucose , suggesting contamination with wild type BGlu1 beta-glucosidase . The products from reaction of GlcF and Fuc-pNP included Fuc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , Glc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , and Fuc-beta- ( 1-->4 ) -Glc-beta- ( 1-->3 ) -Fuc-pNP , suggesting the presence of both wild type BGlu1 and its glycosynthase . Inhibition of the BGlu1 beta-glucosidase activity within this preparation by cyclophellitol confirmed that the E386G glycosynthase preparation was contaminated with wild type BGlu1 . Rice BGlu1 E386G-2 , generated from a new construct designed to minimize back-mutation , showed glycosynthase activity without wild type hydrolytic or transglycosylation activity .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Rice dwarf phytoreovirus segment S11 encodes a nucleic acid binding protein .
| | Author: Xu H Li Y Mao Z Li Y Wu Z Qu L An C Ming X Schiemann J Casper R Chen Z | | Journal: Virology Citation: V : 240 ( 2 ) P : 267-72 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9454700 Accession (PMID): 9454700 | | Abstract: The function of rice dwarf virus segment 11 and the corresponding segments of other phytoreoviruses is not yet determined .
The amino acid sequence of Pns11 , encoded by segment 11 , contains a putative zinc finger and five flanking basic regions at the C-terminus .
The full-length Pns11 protein and three truncated derivatives , which lack the N-terminus , the zinc-finger or the C-terminal five basic regions were expressed in Escherichia coli and their nucleic acid binding properties were studied .
Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner .
The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 .
However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity .
The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA .
Moreover , Pns11 extracted from infected rice also binds to single-stranded RNA .
These data suggest that RDV Pns11 binding activity is structure-dependent and it may play an important role in virus replication and/or genome assortment .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The function of rice dwarf virus segment 11 and the corresponding segments of other phytoreoviruses is not yet determined . The amino acid sequence of Pns11 , encoded by segment 11 , contains a putative zinc finger and five flanking basic regions at the C-terminus . The full-length Pns11 protein and three truncated derivatives , which lack the N-terminus , the zinc-finger or the C-terminal five basic regions were expressed in Escherichia coli and their nucleic acid binding properties were studied . Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner . The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The function of rice dwarf virus segment 11 and the corresponding segments of other phytoreoviruses is not yet determined . The amino acid sequence of Pns11 , encoded by segment 11 , contains a putative zinc finger and five flanking basic regions at the C-terminus . The full-length Pns11 protein and three truncated derivatives , which lack the N-terminus , the zinc-finger or the C-terminal five basic regions were expressed in Escherichia coli and their nucleic acid binding properties were studied . Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner . The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity . The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The function of rice dwarf virus segment 11 and the corresponding segments of other phytoreoviruses is not yet determined . The amino acid sequence of Pns11 , encoded by segment 11 , contains a putative zinc finger and five flanking basic regions at the C-terminus . The full-length Pns11 protein and three truncated derivatives , which lack the N-terminus , the zinc-finger or the C-terminal five basic regions were expressed in Escherichia coli and their nucleic acid binding properties were studied . Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner . The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity . The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA . Moreover , Pns11 extracted from infected rice also binds to single-stranded RNA .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The function of rice dwarf virus segment 11 and the corresponding segments of other phytoreoviruses is not yet determined . The amino acid sequence of Pns11 , encoded by segment 11 , contains a putative zinc finger and five flanking basic regions at the C-terminus . The full-length Pns11 protein and three truncated derivatives , which lack the N-terminus , the zinc-finger or the C-terminal five basic regions were expressed in Escherichia coli and their nucleic acid binding properties were studied . Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner . The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity . The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA . Moreover , Pns11 extracted from infected rice also binds to single-stranded RNA . These data suggest that RDV Pns11 binding activity is structure-dependent and it may play an important role in virus replication and/or genome assortment .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The full-length Pns11 protein and three truncated derivatives , which lack the N-terminus , the zinc-finger or the C-terminal five basic regions were expressed in Escherichia coli and their nucleic acid binding properties were studied . Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner . The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity . The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA . Moreover , Pns11 extracted from infected rice also binds to single-stranded RNA . These data suggest that RDV Pns11 binding activity is structure-dependent and it may play an important role in virus replication and/or genome assortment .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pns11 interacts with single and double-stranded forms of DNA and RNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner . The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity . The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA . Moreover , Pns11 extracted from infected rice also binds to single-stranded RNA . These data suggest that RDV Pns11 binding activity is structure-dependent and it may play an important role in virus replication and/or genome assortment .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The truncated derivative which contains both the zinc-finger and the C-terminal basic regions has the same binding properties as the full-length Pns11 . However , removal of either of these domains prevents binding activity . The binding activity of Pns11 was drastically reduced when the blots were treated with a high concentration of EDTA . Moreover , Pns11 extracted from infected rice also binds to single-stranded RNA . These data suggest that RDV Pns11 binding activity is structure-dependent and it may play an important role in virus replication and/or genome assortment .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 cytoplasmic nonstructural protein .
| | Author: Suzuki N Hosokawa D Matsuura Y Kikuchi A Omura T | | Journal: Arch . Virol . Citation: V : 144 ( 7 ) P : 1371-80 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10481743 Accession (PMID): 10481743 | | Abstract: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated .
When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody .
Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 .
Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well .
Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch .
These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated . When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody . Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 . Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well . Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated . When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody . Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 . Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well . Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch . These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated . When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody . Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 . Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well . Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch . These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated . When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody . Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 . Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well . Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch . These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated . When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody . Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 . Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well . Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch . These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody . Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 . Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well . Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch . These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Developmentally regulated expression of a peptide : N-glycanase during germination of rice seeds ( Oryza sativa ) and its purification and characterization .
| | Author: Chang T Kuo MC Khoo KH Inoue S Inoue Y | | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 275 ( 1 ) P : 129-34 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10617595 Accession (PMID): 10617595 | | Abstract: Peptide : N-glycanase ( PNGase ; EC 3 . 5 . 1 . 52 ) activity was detected in dormant rice seeds ( Oryza sativa ) and the imbibed rice grains .
Time-course studies revealed that the enzyme activity remained almost constant until about 30 h after imbibition in both of endosperm and embryo it issue-containing areas , and started to increase only in growing germ part , reached a peak at about 3-day stage , followed by a gradual decrease concomitant with a sharp increase in the coleoptile .
The specific activity increased about 6-fold at about 3-day stage .
PNGase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracts of germinated rice seeds at 24 h , and the apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme , estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , was about 80 , 000 .
The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin .
The N-terminal sequence of the 10 residues was determined to be SYNVASVAGL .
The purified PNGase Os in SDS-PAGE appeared as a rather broad band , consistent with the presence of multiple glycoforms as indicated by chromatographic behavior on a Sephadex G-75 column .
PNGase expressed in coleoptile under anoxia condition was also purified , and both of the purified enzymes were found to exhibit very similar , if not identical , electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE .
PNGase Os exhibited a broad pH-activity profile with an optimum of 4-5 and , interestingly , was significantly inactivated by K ( + ) and Na ( + ) at near the physiological concentration , 100 mM .
These results are discussed in relation to other work . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Peptide : N-glycanase ( PNGase ; EC 3 . 5 . 1 . 52 ) activity was detected in dormant rice seeds ( Oryza sativa ) and the imbibed rice grains . Time-course studies revealed that the enzyme activity remained almost constant until about 30 h after imbibition in both of endosperm and embryo it issue-containing areas , and started to increase only in growing germ part , reached a peak at about 3-day stage , followed by a gradual decrease concomitant with a sharp increase in the coleoptile . The specific activity increased about 6-fold at about 3-day stage . PNGase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracts of germinated rice seeds at 24 h , and the apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme , estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , was about 80 , 000 . The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Peptide : N-glycanase ( PNGase ; EC 3 . 5 . 1 . 52 ) activity was detected in dormant rice seeds ( Oryza sativa ) and the imbibed rice grains . Time-course studies revealed that the enzyme activity remained almost constant until about 30 h after imbibition in both of endosperm and embryo it issue-containing areas , and started to increase only in growing germ part , reached a peak at about 3-day stage , followed by a gradual decrease concomitant with a sharp increase in the coleoptile . The specific activity increased about 6-fold at about 3-day stage . PNGase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracts of germinated rice seeds at 24 h , and the apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme , estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , was about 80 , 000 . The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin . The N-terminal sequence of the 10 residues was determined to be SYNVASVAGL . The purified PNGase Os in SDS-PAGE appeared as a rather broad band , consistent with the presence of multiple glycoforms as indicated by chromatographic behavior on a Sephadex G-75 column . PNGase expressed in coleoptile under anoxia condition was also purified , and both of the purified enzymes were found to exhibit very similar , if not identical , electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Peptide : N-glycanase ( PNGase ; EC 3 . 5 . 1 . 52 ) activity was detected in dormant rice seeds ( Oryza sativa ) and the imbibed rice grains . Time-course studies revealed that the enzyme activity remained almost constant until about 30 h after imbibition in both of endosperm and embryo it issue-containing areas , and started to increase only in growing germ part , reached a peak at about 3-day stage , followed by a gradual decrease concomitant with a sharp increase in the coleoptile . The specific activity increased about 6-fold at about 3-day stage . PNGase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracts of germinated rice seeds at 24 h , and the apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme , estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , was about 80 , 000 . The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin . The N-terminal sequence of the 10 residues was determined to be SYNVASVAGL . The purified PNGase Os in SDS-PAGE appeared as a rather broad band , consistent with the presence of multiple glycoforms as indicated by chromatographic behavior on a Sephadex G-75 column . PNGase expressed in coleoptile under anoxia condition was also purified , and both of the purified enzymes were found to exhibit very similar , if not identical , electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE . PNGase Os exhibited a broad pH-activity profile with an optimum of 4-5 and , interestingly , was significantly inactivated by K ( + ) and Na ( + ) at near the physiological concentration , 100 mM .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The specific activity increased about 6-fold at about 3-day stage . PNGase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracts of germinated rice seeds at 24 h , and the apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme , estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , was about 80 , 000 . The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin . The N-terminal sequence of the 10 residues was determined to be SYNVASVAGL . The purified PNGase Os in SDS-PAGE appeared as a rather broad band , consistent with the presence of multiple glycoforms as indicated by chromatographic behavior on a Sephadex G-75 column . PNGase expressed in coleoptile under anoxia condition was also purified , and both of the purified enzymes were found to exhibit very similar , if not identical , electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE . PNGase Os exhibited a broad pH-activity profile with an optimum of 4-5 and , interestingly , was significantly inactivated by K ( + ) and Na ( + ) at near the physiological concentration , 100 mM . These results are discussed in relation to other work .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: PNGase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracts of germinated rice seeds at 24 h , and the apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme , estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , was about 80 , 000 . The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin . The N-terminal sequence of the 10 residues was determined to be SYNVASVAGL . The purified PNGase Os in SDS-PAGE appeared as a rather broad band , consistent with the presence of multiple glycoforms as indicated by chromatographic behavior on a Sephadex G-75 column . PNGase expressed in coleoptile under anoxia condition was also purified , and both of the purified enzymes were found to exhibit very similar , if not identical , electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE . PNGase Os exhibited a broad pH-activity profile with an optimum of 4-5 and , interestingly , was significantly inactivated by K ( + ) and Na ( + ) at near the physiological concentration , 100 mM . These results are discussed in relation to other work .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The purified enzyme was designated PNGase Os to denote its origin . The N-terminal sequence of the 10 residues was determined to be SYNVASVAGL . The purified PNGase Os in SDS-PAGE appeared as a rather broad band , consistent with the presence of multiple glycoforms as indicated by chromatographic behavior on a Sephadex G-75 column . PNGase expressed in coleoptile under anoxia condition was also purified , and both of the purified enzymes were found to exhibit very similar , if not identical , electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE . PNGase Os exhibited a broad pH-activity profile with an optimum of 4-5 and , interestingly , was significantly inactivated by K ( + ) and Na ( + ) at near the physiological concentration , 100 mM . These results are discussed in relation to other work .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
|---|
| Title: Pns12 protein of Rice dwarf virus is essential for formation of viroplasms and nucleation of viral-assembly complexes .
| | Author: Wei T Shimizu T Hagiwara K Kikuchi A Moriyasu Y Suzuki N Chen H Omura T | | Journal: J Gen . Virol . Citation: V : 87 ( Pt 2 ) P : 429-38 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16432031 Accession (PMID): 16432031 | | Abstract: Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies , known as viroplasms or viral factories , are assumed to be the sites of replication of members of the family Reoviridae .
Immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses were carried out to characterize the poorly understood viroplasms of the phytoreovirus Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) .
Within 6 h of inoculation of cells , viroplasms , namely discrete cytoplasmic inclusions , were formed that contained the non-structural proteins Pns6 , Pns11 and Pns12 of RDV , which appeared to be the constituents of the inclusions .
Formation of similar inclusions in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns12 in a baculovirus system and the association of molecules of Pns12 in vitro suggested that the inclusions observed in RDV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns12 .
Core proteins P1 , P3 , P5 and P7 and core virus particles were identified in the interior region of the inclusions .
In contrast , accumulation of the outer capsid proteins P2 , P8 and P9 and of intact virus particles was evident in the peripheral regions of the inclusions .
These observations suggest that core particles were constructed inside the inclusions , whereas outer capsid proteins were assembled at the periphery of the inclusions .
Viral inclusions were shown to be the sites of viral RNA synthesis by labelling infected cells with 5-bromouridine 5-triphosphate .
The number of viroplasms decreased with time post-inoculation as their sizes increased , suggesting that inclusions might fuse with one another during the virus-propagation process .
Our results are consistent with a model , proposed for vertebrate reoviruses , in which viroplasms play a pivotal role in virus assembly . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies , known as viroplasms or viral factories , are assumed to be the sites of replication of members of the family Reoviridae . Immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses were carried out to characterize the poorly understood viroplasms of the phytoreovirus Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) . Within 6 h of inoculation of cells , viroplasms , namely discrete cytoplasmic inclusions , were formed that contained the non-structural proteins Pns6 , Pns11 and Pns12 of RDV , which appeared to be the constituents of the inclusions . Formation of similar inclusions in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns12 in a baculovirus system and the association of molecules of Pns12 in vitro suggested that the inclusions observed in RDV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns12 . Core proteins P1 , P3 , P5 and P7 and core virus particles were identified in the interior region of the inclusions . In contrast , accumulation of the outer capsid proteins P2 , P8 and P9 and of intact virus particles was evident in the peripheral regions of the inclusions . These observations suggest that core particles were constructed inside the inclusions , whereas outer capsid proteins were assembled at the periphery of the inclusions .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies , known as viroplasms or viral factories , are assumed to be the sites of replication of members of the family Reoviridae . Immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses were carried out to characterize the poorly understood viroplasms of the phytoreovirus Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) . Within 6 h of inoculation of cells , viroplasms , namely discrete cytoplasmic inclusions , were formed that contained the non-structural proteins Pns6 , Pns11 and Pns12 of RDV , which appeared to be the constituents of the inclusions . Formation of similar inclusions in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns12 in a baculovirus system and the association of molecules of Pns12 in vitro suggested that the inclusions observed in RDV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns12 . Core proteins P1 , P3 , P5 and P7 and core virus particles were identified in the interior region of the inclusions . In contrast , accumulation of the outer capsid proteins P2 , P8 and P9 and of intact virus particles was evident in the peripheral regions of the inclusions . These observations suggest that core particles were constructed inside the inclusions , whereas outer capsid proteins were assembled at the periphery of the inclusions . Viral inclusions were shown to be the sites of viral RNA synthesis by labelling infected cells with 5-bromouridine 5-triphosphate .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Responses of Rice Cultivars with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiency to Partial Nitrate Nutrition .
| | Author: Duan YH Zhang YL Ye LT Fan XR Xu GH Shen QR .
| | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17428833 Accession (PMID): 17428833 | | Abstract: Background and Aims There is increased evidence that partial nitrate ( NO ( 3 ) ( - ) ) nutrition ( PNN ) improves growth of rice ( Oryza sativa ) , although the crop prefers ammonium ( NH ( 4 ) ( + ) ) to NO ( 3 ) ( - ) nutrition .
It is not known whether the response to NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply is related to nitrogen ( N ) use efficiency ( NUE ) in rice cultivars .
Methods Solution culture experiments were carried out to study the response of two rice cultivars , Nanguang ( High-NUE ) and Elio ( Low-NUE ) , to partial NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply in terms of dry weight , N accumulation , grain yield , NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake and ammonium transporter expression [ real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) ] .
Key Results A ratio of 75/25 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N increased dry weight , N accumulation and grain yield of Nanguang by 30 , 36 and 21 % , respectively , but no effect was found in Elio when compared with those of 100/0 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N Uptake experiments with ( 15 ) N-NH ( 4 ) ( + ) showed that NO ( 3 ) ( - ) increased NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake efficiency in Nanguang by increasing V ( max ) ( 14 % ) , but there was no effect on K ( m ) .
This indicated that partial replacement of NH ( 4 ) ( + ) by NO ( 3 ) ( - ) could increase the number of the ammonium transporters but did not affect the affinity of the transporters for NH ( 4 ) ( + ) .
Real-time PCR showed that expression of OsAMT1s in Nanguang was improved by PNN , while that in Elio did not change , which is in accordance with the differing responses of these two cultivars to PNN .
Conclusions Increased NUE by PNN can be attributed to improved N uptake .
The rice cultivar with a higher NUE has a more positive response to PNN than that with a low NUE , suggesting that there might be a relationship between PNN and NUE .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: It is not known whether the response to NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply is related to nitrogen ( N ) use efficiency ( NUE ) in rice cultivars . Methods Solution culture experiments were carried out to study the response of two rice cultivars , Nanguang ( High-NUE ) and Elio ( Low-NUE ) , to partial NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply in terms of dry weight , N accumulation , grain yield , NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake and ammonium transporter expression [ real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) ] . Key Results A ratio of 75/25 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N increased dry weight , N accumulation and grain yield of Nanguang by 30 , 36 and 21 % , respectively , but no effect was found in Elio when compared with those of 100/0 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N Uptake experiments with ( 15 ) N-NH ( 4 ) ( + ) showed that NO ( 3 ) ( - ) increased NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake efficiency in Nanguang by increasing V ( max ) ( 14 % ) , but there was no effect on K ( m ) . This indicated that partial replacement of NH ( 4 ) ( + ) by NO ( 3 ) ( - ) could increase the number of the ammonium transporters but did not affect the affinity of the transporters for NH ( 4 ) ( + ) . Real-time PCR showed that expression of OsAMT1s in Nanguang was improved by PNN , while that in Elio did not change , which is in accordance with the differing responses of these two cultivars to PNN . Conclusions Increased NUE by PNN can be attributed to improved N uptake . The rice cultivar with a higher NUE has a more positive response to PNN than that with a low NUE , suggesting that there might be a relationship between PNN and NUE .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Key Results A ratio of 75/25 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N increased dry weight , N accumulation and grain yield of Nanguang by 30 , 36 and 21 % , respectively , but no effect was found in Elio when compared with those of 100/0 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N Uptake experiments with ( 15 ) N-NH ( 4 ) ( + ) showed that NO ( 3 ) ( - ) increased NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake efficiency in Nanguang by increasing V ( max ) ( 14 % ) , but there was no effect on K ( m ) . This indicated that partial replacement of NH ( 4 ) ( + ) by NO ( 3 ) ( - ) could increase the number of the ammonium transporters but did not affect the affinity of the transporters for NH ( 4 ) ( + ) . Real-time PCR showed that expression of OsAMT1s in Nanguang was improved by PNN , while that in Elio did not change , which is in accordance with the differing responses of these two cultivars to PNN . Conclusions Increased NUE by PNN can be attributed to improved N uptake . The rice cultivar with a higher NUE has a more positive response to PNN than that with a low NUE , suggesting that there might be a relationship between PNN and NUE .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Background and Aims There is increased evidence that partial nitrate ( NO ( 3 ) ( - ) ) nutrition ( PNN ) improves growth of rice ( Oryza sativa ) , although the crop prefers ammonium ( NH ( 4 ) ( + ) ) to NO ( 3 ) ( - ) nutrition . It is not known whether the response to NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply is related to nitrogen ( N ) use efficiency ( NUE ) in rice cultivars . Methods Solution culture experiments were carried out to study the response of two rice cultivars , Nanguang ( High-NUE ) and Elio ( Low-NUE ) , to partial NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply in terms of dry weight , N accumulation , grain yield , NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake and ammonium transporter expression [ real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) ] . Key Results A ratio of 75/25 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N increased dry weight , N accumulation and grain yield of Nanguang by 30 , 36 and 21 % , respectively , but no effect was found in Elio when compared with those of 100/0 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N Uptake experiments with ( 15 ) N-NH ( 4 ) ( + ) showed that NO ( 3 ) ( - ) increased NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake efficiency in Nanguang by increasing V ( max ) ( 14 % ) , but there was no effect on K ( m ) . This indicated that partial replacement of NH ( 4 ) ( + ) by NO ( 3 ) ( - ) could increase the number of the ammonium transporters but did not affect the affinity of the transporters for NH ( 4 ) ( + ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methods Solution culture experiments were carried out to study the response of two rice cultivars , Nanguang ( High-NUE ) and Elio ( Low-NUE ) , to partial NO ( 3 ) ( - ) supply in terms of dry weight , N accumulation , grain yield , NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake and ammonium transporter expression [ real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) ] . Key Results A ratio of 75/25 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N increased dry weight , N accumulation and grain yield of Nanguang by 30 , 36 and 21 % , respectively , but no effect was found in Elio when compared with those of 100/0 NH ( 4 ) ( + ) -N/NO ( 3 ) ( - ) -N Uptake experiments with ( 15 ) N-NH ( 4 ) ( + ) showed that NO ( 3 ) ( - ) increased NH ( 4 ) ( + ) uptake efficiency in Nanguang by increasing V ( max ) ( 14 % ) , but there was no effect on K ( m ) . This indicated that partial replacement of NH ( 4 ) ( + ) by NO ( 3 ) ( - ) could increase the number of the ammonium transporters but did not affect the affinity of the transporters for NH ( 4 ) ( + ) . Real-time PCR showed that expression of OsAMT1s in Nanguang was improved by PNN , while that in Elio did not change , which is in accordance with the differing responses of these two cultivars to PNN . Conclusions Increased NUE by PNN can be attributed to improved N uptake . The rice cultivar with a higher NUE has a more positive response to PNN than that with a low NUE , suggesting that there might be a relationship between PNN and NUE .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: [ Therapeutic trial for promotion of fecal excretion of PCDFs and PCBs by the administration of cholestyramine in Yusho patients ] | | Author: Iida T Hirakawa H Matsueda T Nakagawa R Takenaka S Morita K Narazaki Y Fukamachi K Tokiwa H Takahashi K | | Journal: Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi Citation: V : 82 ( 5 ) P : 317-25 Year: 1991 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1916604 Accession (PMID): 1916604 | | Abstract: Any effective therapy for elimination of causal agents remaining in Yusho patients was not found until now .
To know the profile of fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , the amounts of PCDFs and PCBs in the stool of six Yusho patients with the typical symptoms were determined .
The stool samples of Yusho patients were collected in 1989 .
PCDFs , ie , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran ( TCDF ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran ( PnCDF ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexachlorodibenzofurans ( HxCDFs ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-heptachlorodibenzofuran ( HpCDF ) and octachlorodibenzofuran ( OCDF ) were detected in all of the samples .
PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs .
Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively .
The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively .
On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively .
The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was about 23 times and 17 times each higher than that in normal controls .
The fecal excretion of PCBs in Yusho patients and normal controls was 400 +/- 430 ng/day and 150 +/- 39 ng/day , respectively , as mean +/- SE .
In order to promote the excretion of these toxic chemicals in the stool of Yusho patients , the patients were continuously administered with cholestyramine , an anion exchange resin , at a dose of 4 g , 3 times a day , for 6 months . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Any effective therapy for elimination of causal agents remaining in Yusho patients was not found until now . To know the profile of fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , the amounts of PCDFs and PCBs in the stool of six Yusho patients with the typical symptoms were determined . The stool samples of Yusho patients were collected in 1989 . PCDFs , ie , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran ( TCDF ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran ( PnCDF ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexachlorodibenzofurans ( HxCDFs ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-heptachlorodibenzofuran ( HpCDF ) and octachlorodibenzofuran ( OCDF ) were detected in all of the samples . PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs . Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Any effective therapy for elimination of causal agents remaining in Yusho patients was not found until now . To know the profile of fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , the amounts of PCDFs and PCBs in the stool of six Yusho patients with the typical symptoms were determined . The stool samples of Yusho patients were collected in 1989 . PCDFs , ie , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran ( TCDF ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran ( PnCDF ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexachlorodibenzofurans ( HxCDFs ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-heptachlorodibenzofuran ( HpCDF ) and octachlorodibenzofuran ( OCDF ) were detected in all of the samples . PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs . Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was about 23 times and 17 times each higher than that in normal controls .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: To know the profile of fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( PCDFs ) and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , the amounts of PCDFs and PCBs in the stool of six Yusho patients with the typical symptoms were determined . The stool samples of Yusho patients were collected in 1989 . PCDFs , ie , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran ( TCDF ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran ( PnCDF ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexachlorodibenzofurans ( HxCDFs ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-heptachlorodibenzofuran ( HpCDF ) and octachlorodibenzofuran ( OCDF ) were detected in all of the samples . PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs . Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was about 23 times and 17 times each higher than that in normal controls . The fecal excretion of PCBs in Yusho patients and normal controls was 400 +/- 430 ng/day and 150 +/- 39 ng/day , respectively , as mean +/- SE .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stool samples of Yusho patients were collected in 1989 . PCDFs , ie , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran ( TCDF ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran ( PnCDF ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexachlorodibenzofurans ( HxCDFs ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-heptachlorodibenzofuran ( HpCDF ) and octachlorodibenzofuran ( OCDF ) were detected in all of the samples . PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs . Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was about 23 times and 17 times each higher than that in normal controls . The fecal excretion of PCBs in Yusho patients and normal controls was 400 +/- 430 ng/day and 150 +/- 39 ng/day , respectively , as mean +/- SE . In order to promote the excretion of these toxic chemicals in the stool of Yusho patients , the patients were continuously administered with cholestyramine , an anion exchange resin , at a dose of 4 g , 3 times a day , for 6 months . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: PCDFs , ie , 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran ( TCDF ) , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran ( PnCDF ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexachlorodibenzofurans ( HxCDFs ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-heptachlorodibenzofuran ( HpCDF ) and octachlorodibenzofuran ( OCDF ) were detected in all of the samples . PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs . Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was about 23 times and 17 times each higher than that in normal controls . The fecal excretion of PCBs in Yusho patients and normal controls was 400 +/- 430 ng/day and 150 +/- 39 ng/day , respectively , as mean +/- SE . In order to promote the excretion of these toxic chemicals in the stool of Yusho patients , the patients were continuously administered with cholestyramine , an anion exchange resin , at a dose of 4 g , 3 times a day , for 6 months . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: PCDFs found in the stool samples were mostly PnCDF and HxCDFs . Of PCDFs detected , PnCDF and HxCDFs contributed to 42 +/- 4 . 7% and 43 +/- 5 . 5% as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was 720 +/- 490 pg/day and 790 +/- 620 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . On the other hand , the fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in normal controls was 32 +/- 13 pg/day and 47 +/- 5 . 2 pg/day as mean +/- SE , respectively . The fecal excretion of PnCDF and HxCDFs in Yusho patients was about 23 times and 17 times each higher than that in normal controls . The fecal excretion of PCBs in Yusho patients and normal controls was 400 +/- 430 ng/day and 150 +/- 39 ng/day , respectively , as mean +/- SE . In order to promote the excretion of these toxic chemicals in the stool of Yusho patients , the patients were continuously administered with cholestyramine , an anion exchange resin , at a dose of 4 g , 3 times a day , for 6 months . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Thermo-responsive polymer coated fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction and its application to on-line determination of Co , Ni and Cd by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS ) .
| | Author: Zheng F Hu B | | Journal: Talanta Citation: V : 85 P : 1166-73 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21726754 Accession (PMID): 21726754 | | Abstract: The poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide ) ( PNIPA ) gel is a widely studied thermo-responsive material that exhibits discontinuous change in volume when the external temperature is increased .
In this paper , PNIPA gel was prepared and applied as a novel polymer coating for fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction of trace Co , Ni and Cd followed by on-line ICP-MS detection .
The PNIPA coating was synthesized by using ethylene triethoxysilane ( ETEOS ) as the cross-linking agent under acidic conditions .
This siloxane incorporated PNIPA gel achieves a dramatically rapid response rate when the external temperature is changed .
The micro-structure of PNIPA coating was examined by scanning electron micrograph ( SEM ) .
Various experimental parameters including pH , temperature , sample flow rate and volume , elution solution and interfering ions affecting the extraction of the target analytes have been carefully investigated and optimized .
Under the optimized conditions , the limits of detection were 0 . 45 , 4 . 6 and 6 . 9 ng L ( -1 ) for Co , Ni and Cd , respectively .
With a sampling frequency of 13 h ( -1 ) , the relative standard deviations ( RSDs ) for Co , Ni and Cd were 4 . 8 , 5 . 1 and 6 . 4% ( C=1 mug L ( -1 ) , n=7 ) , respectively .
The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of Co , Ni and Cd in human urine .
To validate the proposed method , certified reference materials of NIES No 10-b rice flour and GBW07601 ( GSH-1 ) human hair were analyzed and the determined values were in a good agreement with the certified values .
The PNIPA coated fiber-in-tube capillary can be reused for more than 150 times without decreasing the extraction efficiency .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide ) ( PNIPA ) gel is a widely studied thermo-responsive material that exhibits discontinuous change in volume when the external temperature is increased . In this paper , PNIPA gel was prepared and applied as a novel polymer coating for fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction of trace Co , Ni and Cd followed by on-line ICP-MS detection . The PNIPA coating was synthesized by using ethylene triethoxysilane ( ETEOS ) as the cross-linking agent under acidic conditions . This siloxane incorporated PNIPA gel achieves a dramatically rapid response rate when the external temperature is changed . The micro-structure of PNIPA coating was examined by scanning electron micrograph ( SEM ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide ) ( PNIPA ) gel is a widely studied thermo-responsive material that exhibits discontinuous change in volume when the external temperature is increased . In this paper , PNIPA gel was prepared and applied as a novel polymer coating for fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction of trace Co , Ni and Cd followed by on-line ICP-MS detection . The PNIPA coating was synthesized by using ethylene triethoxysilane ( ETEOS ) as the cross-linking agent under acidic conditions . This siloxane incorporated PNIPA gel achieves a dramatically rapid response rate when the external temperature is changed . The micro-structure of PNIPA coating was examined by scanning electron micrograph ( SEM ) . Various experimental parameters including pH , temperature , sample flow rate and volume , elution solution and interfering ions affecting the extraction of the target analytes have been carefully investigated and optimized .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide ) ( PNIPA ) gel is a widely studied thermo-responsive material that exhibits discontinuous change in volume when the external temperature is increased . In this paper , PNIPA gel was prepared and applied as a novel polymer coating for fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction of trace Co , Ni and Cd followed by on-line ICP-MS detection . The PNIPA coating was synthesized by using ethylene triethoxysilane ( ETEOS ) as the cross-linking agent under acidic conditions . This siloxane incorporated PNIPA gel achieves a dramatically rapid response rate when the external temperature is changed . The micro-structure of PNIPA coating was examined by scanning electron micrograph ( SEM ) . Various experimental parameters including pH , temperature , sample flow rate and volume , elution solution and interfering ions affecting the extraction of the target analytes have been carefully investigated and optimized . Under the optimized conditions , the limits of detection were 0 . 45 , 4 . 6 and 6 . 9 ng L ( -1 ) for Co , Ni and Cd , respectively .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide ) ( PNIPA ) gel is a widely studied thermo-responsive material that exhibits discontinuous change in volume when the external temperature is increased . In this paper , PNIPA gel was prepared and applied as a novel polymer coating for fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction of trace Co , Ni and Cd followed by on-line ICP-MS detection . The PNIPA coating was synthesized by using ethylene triethoxysilane ( ETEOS ) as the cross-linking agent under acidic conditions . This siloxane incorporated PNIPA gel achieves a dramatically rapid response rate when the external temperature is changed . The micro-structure of PNIPA coating was examined by scanning electron micrograph ( SEM ) . Various experimental parameters including pH , temperature , sample flow rate and volume , elution solution and interfering ions affecting the extraction of the target analytes have been carefully investigated and optimized . Under the optimized conditions , the limits of detection were 0 . 45 , 4 . 6 and 6 . 9 ng L ( -1 ) for Co , Ni and Cd , respectively . With a sampling frequency of 13 h ( -1 ) , the relative standard deviations ( RSDs ) for Co , Ni and Cd were 4 . 8 , 5 . 1 and 6 . 4% ( C=1 mug L ( -1 ) , n=7 ) , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The poly ( N-isopropylacrylamide ) ( PNIPA ) gel is a widely studied thermo-responsive material that exhibits discontinuous change in volume when the external temperature is increased . In this paper , PNIPA gel was prepared and applied as a novel polymer coating for fiber-in-tube capillary microextraction of trace Co , Ni and Cd followed by on-line ICP-MS detection . The PNIPA coating was synthesized by using ethylene triethoxysilane ( ETEOS ) as the cross-linking agent under acidic conditions . This siloxane incorporated PNIPA gel achieves a dramatically rapid response rate when the external temperature is changed . The micro-structure of PNIPA coating was examined by scanning electron micrograph ( SEM ) . Various experimental parameters including pH , temperature , sample flow rate and volume , elution solution and interfering ions affecting the extraction of the target analytes have been carefully investigated and optimized . Under the optimized conditions , the limits of detection were 0 . 45 , 4 . 6 and 6 . 9 ng L ( -1 ) for Co , Ni and Cd , respectively . With a sampling frequency of 13 h ( -1 ) , the relative standard deviations ( RSDs ) for Co , Ni and Cd were 4 . 8 , 5 . 1 and 6 . 4% ( C=1 mug L ( -1 ) , n=7 ) , respectively . The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of Co , Ni and Cd in human urine .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Under the optimized conditions , the limits of detection were 0 . 45 , 4 . 6 and 6 . 9 ng L ( -1 ) for Co , Ni and Cd , respectively . With a sampling frequency of 13 h ( -1 ) , the relative standard deviations ( RSDs ) for Co , Ni and Cd were 4 . 8 , 5 . 1 and 6 . 4% ( C=1 mug L ( -1 ) , n=7 ) , respectively . The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of Co , Ni and Cd in human urine . To validate the proposed method , certified reference materials of NIES No 10-b rice flour and GBW07601 ( GSH-1 ) human hair were analyzed and the determined values were in a good agreement with the certified values . The PNIPA coated fiber-in-tube capillary can be reused for more than 150 times without decreasing the extraction efficiency .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Effect of fiber and phytate source and of calcium and phosphorus level on phytate hydrolysis in the chick .
| | Author: Ballam GC Nelson TS Kirby LK .
| | Journal: Poult . Sci . Citation: V : 63 ( 2 ) P : 333-8 Year: 1984 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6324157 Accession (PMID): 6324157 | | Abstract: Broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet containing either 15% rice bran , 15% wheat bran , 15% alfalfa meal , 10% cellulose , or 10% cottonseed hulls .
All diets contained 3190 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy , 22 . 8% protein , and either 1 . 0% calcium and . 5% nonphytate phosphorus ( Pnp ) or . 85% calcium and . 42% Pnp .
The diets were fed for 3 weeks at which time a digestion trial was conducted to determine the amount of phytate hydrolyzed .
Chicks consuming diets containing the lower levels of calcium and Pnp hydrolyzed more phytate than those fed the higher levels of calcium and Pnp except when the diet contained rice bran .
Less phytate was hydrolyzed in the rice bran diet at the lower calcium and Pnp levels .
Phytate hydrolysis was not affected by wheat bran but was reduced by cottonseed hulls .
At the lower levels of calcium and Pnp , alfalfa meal and cellulose significantly increased phytate hydrolysis by chicks .
The hydrolysis of phytate was influenced more by calcium and by source than by fiber or by level of phytate fed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet containing either 15% rice bran , 15% wheat bran , 15% alfalfa meal , 10% cellulose , or 10% cottonseed hulls . All diets contained 3190 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy , 22 . 8% protein , and either 1 . 0% calcium and . 5% nonphytate phosphorus ( Pnp ) or . 85% calcium and . 42% Pnp . The diets were fed for 3 weeks at which time a digestion trial was conducted to determine the amount of phytate hydrolyzed . Chicks consuming diets containing the lower levels of calcium and Pnp hydrolyzed more phytate than those fed the higher levels of calcium and Pnp except when the diet contained rice bran . Less phytate was hydrolyzed in the rice bran diet at the lower calcium and Pnp levels . Phytate hydrolysis was not affected by wheat bran but was reduced by cottonseed hulls .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet containing either 15% rice bran , 15% wheat bran , 15% alfalfa meal , 10% cellulose , or 10% cottonseed hulls . All diets contained 3190 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy , 22 . 8% protein , and either 1 . 0% calcium and . 5% nonphytate phosphorus ( Pnp ) or . 85% calcium and . 42% Pnp . The diets were fed for 3 weeks at which time a digestion trial was conducted to determine the amount of phytate hydrolyzed . Chicks consuming diets containing the lower levels of calcium and Pnp hydrolyzed more phytate than those fed the higher levels of calcium and Pnp except when the diet contained rice bran . Less phytate was hydrolyzed in the rice bran diet at the lower calcium and Pnp levels . Phytate hydrolysis was not affected by wheat bran but was reduced by cottonseed hulls . At the lower levels of calcium and Pnp , alfalfa meal and cellulose significantly increased phytate hydrolysis by chicks . The hydrolysis of phytate was influenced more by calcium and by source than by fiber or by level of phytate fed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet containing either 15% rice bran , 15% wheat bran , 15% alfalfa meal , 10% cellulose , or 10% cottonseed hulls . All diets contained 3190 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy , 22 . 8% protein , and either 1 . 0% calcium and . 5% nonphytate phosphorus ( Pnp ) or . 85% calcium and . 42% Pnp . The diets were fed for 3 weeks at which time a digestion trial was conducted to determine the amount of phytate hydrolyzed . Chicks consuming diets containing the lower levels of calcium and Pnp hydrolyzed more phytate than those fed the higher levels of calcium and Pnp except when the diet contained rice bran . Less phytate was hydrolyzed in the rice bran diet at the lower calcium and Pnp levels . Phytate hydrolysis was not affected by wheat bran but was reduced by cottonseed hulls . At the lower levels of calcium and Pnp , alfalfa meal and cellulose significantly increased phytate hydrolysis by chicks . The hydrolysis of phytate was influenced more by calcium and by source than by fiber or by level of phytate fed .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The diets were fed for 3 weeks at which time a digestion trial was conducted to determine the amount of phytate hydrolyzed . Chicks consuming diets containing the lower levels of calcium and Pnp hydrolyzed more phytate than those fed the higher levels of calcium and Pnp except when the diet contained rice bran . Less phytate was hydrolyzed in the rice bran diet at the lower calcium and Pnp levels . Phytate hydrolysis was not affected by wheat bran but was reduced by cottonseed hulls . At the lower levels of calcium and Pnp , alfalfa meal and cellulose significantly increased phytate hydrolysis by chicks . The hydrolysis of phytate was influenced more by calcium and by source than by fiber or by level of phytate fed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Photosynthetic acclimation in rice leaves to free-air CO2 enrichment related to both ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylation limitation and ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate regeneration limitation .
| | Author: Chen GY Yong ZH Liao Y Zhang DY Chen Y Zhang HB Chen J Zhu JG Xu DQ .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 46 ( 7 ) P : 1036-45 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15840641 Accession (PMID): 15840641 | | Abstract: Net photosynthetic rates ( Pns ) in leaves were compared between rice plants grown in ambient air control and free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE , about 200 micromol mol ( -1 ) above ambient ) treatment rings .
When measured at the same CO2 concentration , the Pn of FACE leaves decreased significantly , indicating that photosynthetic acclimation to high CO2 occurs .
Although stomatal conductance ( Gs ) in FACE leaves was markedly decreased , intercellular CO2 concentrations ( Ci ) were almost the same in FACE and ambient leaves , indicating that the photosynthetic acclimation is not caused by the decreased Gs .
Furthermore , carboxylation efficiency and maximal Pn , both light and CO2-saturated Pn , were decreased in FACE leaves , as shown by the Pn-Ci curves .
In addition , the soluble protein , Rubisco ( ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate caboxylase/oxygenase ) , and its activase contents as well as the sucrose-phosphate synthase activity decreased significantly , while some soluble sugar , inorganic phosphate , chlorophyll and light-harvesting complex II ( LHC II ) contents increased in FACE leaves .
It appears that the photosynthetic acclimation in rice leaves is related to both ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate ( RuBP ) carboxylation limitation and RuBP regeneration limitation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Net photosynthetic rates ( Pns ) in leaves were compared between rice plants grown in ambient air control and free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE , about 200 micromol mol ( -1 ) above ambient ) treatment rings . When measured at the same CO2 concentration , the Pn of FACE leaves decreased significantly , indicating that photosynthetic acclimation to high CO2 occurs . Although stomatal conductance ( Gs ) in FACE leaves was markedly decreased , intercellular CO2 concentrations ( Ci ) were almost the same in FACE and ambient leaves , indicating that the photosynthetic acclimation is not caused by the decreased Gs . Furthermore , carboxylation efficiency and maximal Pn , both light and CO2-saturated Pn , were decreased in FACE leaves , as shown by the Pn-Ci curves . In addition , the soluble protein , Rubisco ( ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate caboxylase/oxygenase ) , and its activase contents as well as the sucrose-phosphate synthase activity decreased significantly , while some soluble sugar , inorganic phosphate , chlorophyll and light-harvesting complex II ( LHC II ) contents increased in FACE leaves . It appears that the photosynthetic acclimation in rice leaves is related to both ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate ( RuBP ) carboxylation limitation and RuBP regeneration limitation .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Net photosynthetic rates ( Pns ) in leaves were compared between rice plants grown in ambient air control and free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE , about 200 micromol mol ( -1 ) above ambient ) treatment rings . When measured at the same CO2 concentration , the Pn of FACE leaves decreased significantly , indicating that photosynthetic acclimation to high CO2 occurs . Although stomatal conductance ( Gs ) in FACE leaves was markedly decreased , intercellular CO2 concentrations ( Ci ) were almost the same in FACE and ambient leaves , indicating that the photosynthetic acclimation is not caused by the decreased Gs . Furthermore , carboxylation efficiency and maximal Pn , both light and CO2-saturated Pn , were decreased in FACE leaves , as shown by the Pn-Ci curves . In addition , the soluble protein , Rubisco ( ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate caboxylase/oxygenase ) , and its activase contents as well as the sucrose-phosphate synthase activity decreased significantly , while some soluble sugar , inorganic phosphate , chlorophyll and light-harvesting complex II ( LHC II ) contents increased in FACE leaves .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Net photosynthetic rates ( Pns ) in leaves were compared between rice plants grown in ambient air control and free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE , about 200 micromol mol ( -1 ) above ambient ) treatment rings . When measured at the same CO2 concentration , the Pn of FACE leaves decreased significantly , indicating that photosynthetic acclimation to high CO2 occurs . Although stomatal conductance ( Gs ) in FACE leaves was markedly decreased , intercellular CO2 concentrations ( Ci ) were almost the same in FACE and ambient leaves , indicating that the photosynthetic acclimation is not caused by the decreased Gs . Furthermore , carboxylation efficiency and maximal Pn , both light and CO2-saturated Pn , were decreased in FACE leaves , as shown by the Pn-Ci curves . In addition , the soluble protein , Rubisco ( ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate caboxylase/oxygenase ) , and its activase contents as well as the sucrose-phosphate synthase activity decreased significantly , while some soluble sugar , inorganic phosphate , chlorophyll and light-harvesting complex II ( LHC II ) contents increased in FACE leaves . It appears that the photosynthetic acclimation in rice leaves is related to both ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate ( RuBP ) carboxylation limitation and RuBP regeneration limitation .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Identification of an RNA silencing suppressor from a plant double-stranded RNA virus .
| | Author: Cao X Zhou P Zhang X Zhu S Zhong X Xiao Q Ding B Li Y | | Journal: J Virol .
Citation: V : 79 ( 20 ) P : 13018-27 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16189004 Accession (PMID): 16189004 | | Abstract: RNA silencing is a mechanism which higher plants and animals have evolved to defend against viral infection in addition to regulation of gene expression for growth and development .
As a counterdefense , many plant and some animal viruses studied to date encode RNA silencing suppressors ( RSS ) that interfere with various steps of the silencing pathway .
In this study , we report the first identification of an RSS from a plant double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) virus .
Pns10 , encoded by S10 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , exhibited RSS activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c carrying GFP .
The other gene segments of the RDV genome did not have such a function .
Pns10 suppressed local and systemic silencing induced by sense RNA but did not interfere with local and systemic silencing induced by dsRNA .
Expression of Pns10 also increased the expression of beta-glucuronidase in transient assays and enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana .
Collectively , our results establish Pns10 as an RSS encoded by a plant dsRNA virus and further suggest that Pns10 targets an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pns10 , encoded by S10 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , exhibited RSS activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c carrying GFP . The other gene segments of the RDV genome did not have such a function . Pns10 suppressed local and systemic silencing induced by sense RNA but did not interfere with local and systemic silencing induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns10 also increased the expression of beta-glucuronidase in transient assays and enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , our results establish Pns10 as an RSS encoded by a plant dsRNA virus and further suggest that Pns10 targets an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a mechanism which higher plants and animals have evolved to defend against viral infection in addition to regulation of gene expression for growth and development . As a counterdefense , many plant and some animal viruses studied to date encode RNA silencing suppressors ( RSS ) that interfere with various steps of the silencing pathway . In this study , we report the first identification of an RSS from a plant double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) virus . Pns10 , encoded by S10 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , exhibited RSS activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c carrying GFP . The other gene segments of the RDV genome did not have such a function . Pns10 suppressed local and systemic silencing induced by sense RNA but did not interfere with local and systemic silencing induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns10 also increased the expression of beta-glucuronidase in transient assays and enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , our results establish Pns10 as an RSS encoded by a plant dsRNA virus and further suggest that Pns10 targets an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: As a counterdefense , many plant and some animal viruses studied to date encode RNA silencing suppressors ( RSS ) that interfere with various steps of the silencing pathway . In this study , we report the first identification of an RSS from a plant double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) virus . Pns10 , encoded by S10 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , exhibited RSS activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c carrying GFP . The other gene segments of the RDV genome did not have such a function . Pns10 suppressed local and systemic silencing induced by sense RNA but did not interfere with local and systemic silencing induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns10 also increased the expression of beta-glucuronidase in transient assays and enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , our results establish Pns10 as an RSS encoded by a plant dsRNA virus and further suggest that Pns10 targets an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we report the first identification of an RSS from a plant double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) virus . Pns10 , encoded by S10 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , exhibited RSS activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c carrying GFP . The other gene segments of the RDV genome did not have such a function . Pns10 suppressed local and systemic silencing induced by sense RNA but did not interfere with local and systemic silencing induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns10 also increased the expression of beta-glucuronidase in transient assays and enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , our results establish Pns10 as an RSS encoded by a plant dsRNA virus and further suggest that Pns10 targets an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Identification of QTLs associated with physiological nitrogen use efficiency in rice .
| | Author: Cho YI Jiang W Chin JH Piao Z Cho YG McCouch S Koh HJ | | Journal: Mol Cells Citation: V : 23 P : Sep-72 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17464214 Accession (PMID): 17464214 | | Abstract: Demand for low-input sustainable crop cultivation is increasing to meet the need for environment-friendly agriculture .
Consequently , developing genotypes with high nutrient use efficiency is one of the major objectives of crop breeding programs .
This study was conducted to identify QTLs for traits associated with physiological nitrogen use efficiency ( PNUE ) .
A recombinant inbred population ( DT-RILs ) between Dasanbyeo ( a tongil type rice , derived from an indica x japonica cross and similar to indica in its genetic make-up ) and TR22183 ( a Chinese japonica variety ) consisting of 166 F8 lines was developed and used for mapping .
A frame map of 1 , 409 cM containing 113 SSR and 103 STS markers with an average interval of 6 . 5 cM between adjacent marker loci was constructed using the DT-RILs .
The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ( N-P2O5-K2O = 100-80-80 kg/ha ) and low-N ( N-P2O5-K2O= 50-80-80 kg/ha ) ( 100 kg/ha ) conditions .
PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions .
Twenty single QTLs ( S-QTLs ) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci ( E-QTLs ) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain , nitrogen concentration of straw , nitrogen content of shoot , harvest index , grain yield , straw yield and PNUE in both conditions .
The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11 . 1 to 44 . 3% and from 16 . 0% to 63 . 6% , respectively .
The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35 . 8% to 71 . 3% , showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends significantly upon genetic factors .
Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) to develop higher PNUE genotypes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Demand for low-input sustainable crop cultivation is increasing to meet the need for environment-friendly agriculture . Consequently , developing genotypes with high nutrient use efficiency is one of the major objectives of crop breeding programs . This study was conducted to identify QTLs for traits associated with physiological nitrogen use efficiency ( PNUE ) . A recombinant inbred population ( DT-RILs ) between Dasanbyeo ( a tongil type rice , derived from an indica x japonica cross and similar to indica in its genetic make-up ) and TR22183 ( a Chinese japonica variety ) consisting of 166 F8 lines was developed and used for mapping . A frame map of 1 , 409 cM containing 113 SSR and 103 STS markers with an average interval of 6 . 5 cM between adjacent marker loci was constructed using the DT-RILs . The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ( N-P2O5-K2O = 100-80-80 kg/ha ) and low-N ( N-P2O5-K2O= 50-80-80 kg/ha ) ( 100 kg/ha ) conditions . PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was conducted to identify QTLs for traits associated with physiological nitrogen use efficiency ( PNUE ) . A recombinant inbred population ( DT-RILs ) between Dasanbyeo ( a tongil type rice , derived from an indica x japonica cross and similar to indica in its genetic make-up ) and TR22183 ( a Chinese japonica variety ) consisting of 166 F8 lines was developed and used for mapping . A frame map of 1 , 409 cM containing 113 SSR and 103 STS markers with an average interval of 6 . 5 cM between adjacent marker loci was constructed using the DT-RILs . The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ( N-P2O5-K2O = 100-80-80 kg/ha ) and low-N ( N-P2O5-K2O= 50-80-80 kg/ha ) ( 100 kg/ha ) conditions . PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions . Twenty single QTLs ( S-QTLs ) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci ( E-QTLs ) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain , nitrogen concentration of straw , nitrogen content of shoot , harvest index , grain yield , straw yield and PNUE in both conditions . The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11 . 1 to 44 . 3% and from 16 . 0% to 63 . 6% , respectively . The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35 . 8% to 71 . 3% , showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends significantly upon genetic factors . Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) to develop higher PNUE genotypes .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A recombinant inbred population ( DT-RILs ) between Dasanbyeo ( a tongil type rice , derived from an indica x japonica cross and similar to indica in its genetic make-up ) and TR22183 ( a Chinese japonica variety ) consisting of 166 F8 lines was developed and used for mapping . A frame map of 1 , 409 cM containing 113 SSR and 103 STS markers with an average interval of 6 . 5 cM between adjacent marker loci was constructed using the DT-RILs . The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ( N-P2O5-K2O = 100-80-80 kg/ha ) and low-N ( N-P2O5-K2O= 50-80-80 kg/ha ) ( 100 kg/ha ) conditions . PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions . Twenty single QTLs ( S-QTLs ) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci ( E-QTLs ) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain , nitrogen concentration of straw , nitrogen content of shoot , harvest index , grain yield , straw yield and PNUE in both conditions . The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11 . 1 to 44 . 3% and from 16 . 0% to 63 . 6% , respectively . The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35 . 8% to 71 . 3% , showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends significantly upon genetic factors . Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) to develop higher PNUE genotypes .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ( N-P2O5-K2O = 100-80-80 kg/ha ) and low-N ( N-P2O5-K2O= 50-80-80 kg/ha ) ( 100 kg/ha ) conditions . PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions . Twenty single QTLs ( S-QTLs ) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci ( E-QTLs ) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain , nitrogen concentration of straw , nitrogen content of shoot , harvest index , grain yield , straw yield and PNUE in both conditions . The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11 . 1 to 44 . 3% and from 16 . 0% to 63 . 6% , respectively . The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35 . 8% to 71 . 3% , showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends significantly upon genetic factors . Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) to develop higher PNUE genotypes .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions . Twenty single QTLs ( S-QTLs ) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci ( E-QTLs ) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain , nitrogen concentration of straw , nitrogen content of shoot , harvest index , grain yield , straw yield and PNUE in both conditions . The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11 . 1 to 44 . 3% and from 16 . 0% to 63 . 6% , respectively . The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35 . 8% to 71 . 3% , showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends significantly upon genetic factors . Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) to develop higher PNUE genotypes .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Expression of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns6 and the specificity analysis of its monoclonal antibodies .
| | Author: Ji X Wei C Li Y | | Journal: Sci China C Life Sci Citation: V : 52 P : 958-64 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19911132 Accession (PMID): 19911132 | | Abstract: The genome of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) is composed of 12 double-stranded RNA segments , of which segment S6 encodes a non-structural protein Pns6 identified as the movement protein .
In this report , Pns6 with a 6-histidine tag at the N-terminal was expressed in E coli after induction under low temperature ( 18 degrees C ) and low concentration ( 0 . 4 mmol/L and 0 . 2 mmol/L ) of IPTG , and then purified by Ni-chelated affinity chromatography .
Stability analysis indicated that the expressed HisPns6 protein was stable at 37 degrees C after 24 h treatment .
This recombinant protein was then used to make monoclonal antibody .
Total 18 hybridoma clones were obtained .
The specificity of antibodies was tested by Western blot using native Pns6 extracted from RDV-infected rice leaves , and 15 positive clones were confirmed .
Mapping of the antigenic sites of Pns6 using antibodies showed that the most sensitive antigen determinant is located in the C-terminal region ( the 296th-509th amino acids ) of Pns6 , which is confirms bioinformatics analysis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Stability analysis indicated that the expressed HisPns6 protein was stable at 37 degrees C after 24 h treatment . This recombinant protein was then used to make monoclonal antibody . Total 18 hybridoma clones were obtained . The specificity of antibodies was tested by Western blot using native Pns6 extracted from RDV-infected rice leaves , and 15 positive clones were confirmed . Mapping of the antigenic sites of Pns6 using antibodies showed that the most sensitive antigen determinant is located in the C-terminal region ( the 296th-509th amino acids ) of Pns6 , which is confirms bioinformatics analysis .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genome of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) is composed of 12 double-stranded RNA segments , of which segment S6 encodes a non-structural protein Pns6 identified as the movement protein . In this report , Pns6 with a 6-histidine tag at the N-terminal was expressed in E coli after induction under low temperature ( 18 degrees C ) and low concentration ( 0 . 4 mmol/L and 0 . 2 mmol/L ) of IPTG , and then purified by Ni-chelated affinity chromatography . Stability analysis indicated that the expressed HisPns6 protein was stable at 37 degrees C after 24 h treatment . This recombinant protein was then used to make monoclonal antibody . Total 18 hybridoma clones were obtained .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genome of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) is composed of 12 double-stranded RNA segments , of which segment S6 encodes a non-structural protein Pns6 identified as the movement protein . In this report , Pns6 with a 6-histidine tag at the N-terminal was expressed in E coli after induction under low temperature ( 18 degrees C ) and low concentration ( 0 . 4 mmol/L and 0 . 2 mmol/L ) of IPTG , and then purified by Ni-chelated affinity chromatography . Stability analysis indicated that the expressed HisPns6 protein was stable at 37 degrees C after 24 h treatment . This recombinant protein was then used to make monoclonal antibody . Total 18 hybridoma clones were obtained . The specificity of antibodies was tested by Western blot using native Pns6 extracted from RDV-infected rice leaves , and 15 positive clones were confirmed .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this report , Pns6 with a 6-histidine tag at the N-terminal was expressed in E coli after induction under low temperature ( 18 degrees C ) and low concentration ( 0 . 4 mmol/L and 0 . 2 mmol/L ) of IPTG , and then purified by Ni-chelated affinity chromatography . Stability analysis indicated that the expressed HisPns6 protein was stable at 37 degrees C after 24 h treatment . This recombinant protein was then used to make monoclonal antibody . Total 18 hybridoma clones were obtained . The specificity of antibodies was tested by Western blot using native Pns6 extracted from RDV-infected rice leaves , and 15 positive clones were confirmed . Mapping of the antigenic sites of Pns6 using antibodies showed that the most sensitive antigen determinant is located in the C-terminal region ( the 296th-509th amino acids ) of Pns6 , which is confirms bioinformatics analysis .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Optimum lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer .
| | Author: Rizk NP Ishwaran H Rice TW Chen LQ Schipper PH Kesler KA Law S Lerut TE Reed CE Salo JA Scott WJ Hofstetter WL Watson TJ Allen MS Rusch VW Blackstone EH | | Journal: Ann Surg Citation: V : 251 P : 46-50 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20032718 Accession (PMID): 20032718 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Using Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration data , we sought to ( 1 ) characterize the relationship between survival and extent of lymphadenectomy , and ( 2 ) from this , define optimum lymphadenectomy .
SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA : What constitutes optimum lymphadenectomy to maximize survival is controversial because of variable goals , analytic methodology , and generalizability of the underpinning data .
METHODS : A total of 4627 patients who had esophagectomy alone for esophageal cancer were identified from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration database .
Patient-specific risk-adjusted survival was estimated using random survival forests .
Risk-adjusted 5-year survival was averaged for each number of lymph nodes resected and its relation to cancer characteristics explored .
Optimum number of nodes that should be resected to maximize 5-year survival was determined by random forest multivariable regression .
RESULTS : For pN0M0 moderately and poorly differentiated cancers , and all node-positive ( pN+ ) cancers , 5-year survival improved with increasing extent of lymphadenectomy .
In pN0M0 cancers , no optimum lymphadenectomy was defined for pTis ; optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 to 12 nodes for pT1 , 15 to 22 for pT2 , and 31 to 42 for pT3/T4 , depending on histopathologic cell type .
In pN+M0 cancers and 1 to 6 nodes positive , optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 for pT1 , 15 for pT2 , and 29 to 50 for pT3/T4 .
CONCLUSIONS : Greater extent of lymphadenectomy was associated with increased survival for all patients with esophageal cancer except at the extremes ( it isN0M0 and >or=7 regional lymph nodes positive for cancer ) and well-differentiated pN0M0 cancer .
Maximum 5-year survival is modulated by T classification : resecting 10 nodes for pT1 , 20 for pT2 , and >or=30 for pT3/T4 is recommended .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: METHODS : A total of 4627 patients who had esophagectomy alone for esophageal cancer were identified from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration database . Patient-specific risk-adjusted survival was estimated using random survival forests . Risk-adjusted 5-year survival was averaged for each number of lymph nodes resected and its relation to cancer characteristics explored . Optimum number of nodes that should be resected to maximize 5-year survival was determined by random forest multivariable regression . RESULTS : For pN0M0 moderately and poorly differentiated cancers , and all node-positive ( pN+ ) cancers , 5-year survival improved with increasing extent of lymphadenectomy . In pN0M0 cancers , no optimum lymphadenectomy was defined for pTis ; optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 to 12 nodes for pT1 , 15 to 22 for pT2 , and 31 to 42 for pT3/T4 , depending on histopathologic cell type . In pN+M0 cancers and 1 to 6 nodes positive , optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 for pT1 , 15 for pT2 , and 29 to 50 for pT3/T4 . CONCLUSIONS : Greater extent of lymphadenectomy was associated with increased survival for all patients with esophageal cancer except at the extremes ( it isN0M0 and >or=7 regional lymph nodes positive for cancer ) and well-differentiated pN0M0 cancer . Maximum 5-year survival is modulated by T classification : resecting 10 nodes for pT1 , 20 for pT2 , and >or=30 for pT3/T4 is recommended .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Patient-specific risk-adjusted survival was estimated using random survival forests . Risk-adjusted 5-year survival was averaged for each number of lymph nodes resected and its relation to cancer characteristics explored . Optimum number of nodes that should be resected to maximize 5-year survival was determined by random forest multivariable regression . RESULTS : For pN0M0 moderately and poorly differentiated cancers , and all node-positive ( pN+ ) cancers , 5-year survival improved with increasing extent of lymphadenectomy . In pN0M0 cancers , no optimum lymphadenectomy was defined for pTis ; optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 to 12 nodes for pT1 , 15 to 22 for pT2 , and 31 to 42 for pT3/T4 , depending on histopathologic cell type . In pN+M0 cancers and 1 to 6 nodes positive , optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 for pT1 , 15 for pT2 , and 29 to 50 for pT3/T4 . CONCLUSIONS : Greater extent of lymphadenectomy was associated with increased survival for all patients with esophageal cancer except at the extremes ( it isN0M0 and >or=7 regional lymph nodes positive for cancer ) and well-differentiated pN0M0 cancer . Maximum 5-year survival is modulated by T classification : resecting 10 nodes for pT1 , 20 for pT2 , and >or=30 for pT3/T4 is recommended .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Risk-adjusted 5-year survival was averaged for each number of lymph nodes resected and its relation to cancer characteristics explored . Optimum number of nodes that should be resected to maximize 5-year survival was determined by random forest multivariable regression . RESULTS : For pN0M0 moderately and poorly differentiated cancers , and all node-positive ( pN+ ) cancers , 5-year survival improved with increasing extent of lymphadenectomy . In pN0M0 cancers , no optimum lymphadenectomy was defined for pTis ; optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 to 12 nodes for pT1 , 15 to 22 for pT2 , and 31 to 42 for pT3/T4 , depending on histopathologic cell type . In pN+M0 cancers and 1 to 6 nodes positive , optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 for pT1 , 15 for pT2 , and 29 to 50 for pT3/T4 . CONCLUSIONS : Greater extent of lymphadenectomy was associated with increased survival for all patients with esophageal cancer except at the extremes ( it isN0M0 and >or=7 regional lymph nodes positive for cancer ) and well-differentiated pN0M0 cancer . Maximum 5-year survival is modulated by T classification : resecting 10 nodes for pT1 , 20 for pT2 , and >or=30 for pT3/T4 is recommended .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Optimum number of nodes that should be resected to maximize 5-year survival was determined by random forest multivariable regression . RESULTS : For pN0M0 moderately and poorly differentiated cancers , and all node-positive ( pN+ ) cancers , 5-year survival improved with increasing extent of lymphadenectomy . In pN0M0 cancers , no optimum lymphadenectomy was defined for pTis ; optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 to 12 nodes for pT1 , 15 to 22 for pT2 , and 31 to 42 for pT3/T4 , depending on histopathologic cell type . In pN+M0 cancers and 1 to 6 nodes positive , optimum lymphadenectomy was 10 for pT1 , 15 for pT2 , and 29 to 50 for pT3/T4 . CONCLUSIONS : Greater extent of lymphadenectomy was associated with increased survival for all patients with esophageal cancer except at the extremes ( it isN0M0 and >or=7 regional lymph nodes positive for cancer ) and well-differentiated pN0M0 cancer . Maximum 5-year survival is modulated by T classification : resecting 10 nodes for pT1 , 20 for pT2 , and >or=30 for pT3/T4 is recommended .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Identification of Pns6 , a putative movement protein of RRSV , as a silencing suppressor .
| | Author: Wu J Du Z Wang C Cai L Hu M Lin Q Wu Z Li Y Xie L | | Journal: Virol J Citation: V : 7 P : 335 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21092155 Accession (PMID): 21092155 | | Abstract: RNA silencing is a potent antiviral response in plants .
As a counterdefense , most plant and some animal viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors .
In this study , we showed that Pns6 , a putative movement protein of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , exhibited silencing suppressor activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c .
Pns6 of RRSV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA .
Deletion of a region involved in RNA binding abolished the silencing suppressor activity of Pns6 .
Further , expression of Pns6 enhanced Potato virus x pathogenicity in N benthamiana .
Collectively , these results suggested that RRSV Pns6 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing that targets an upstream step of the dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
This is the first silencing suppressor to be identified from the genus Oryzavirus .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a potent antiviral response in plants . As a counterdefense , most plant and some animal viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors . In this study , we showed that Pns6 , a putative movement protein of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , exhibited silencing suppressor activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns6 of RRSV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Deletion of a region involved in RNA binding abolished the silencing suppressor activity of Pns6 . Further , expression of Pns6 enhanced Potato virus x pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RRSV Pns6 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing that targets an upstream step of the dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a potent antiviral response in plants . As a counterdefense , most plant and some animal viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors . In this study , we showed that Pns6 , a putative movement protein of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , exhibited silencing suppressor activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns6 of RRSV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Deletion of a region involved in RNA binding abolished the silencing suppressor activity of Pns6 . Further , expression of Pns6 enhanced Potato virus x pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RRSV Pns6 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing that targets an upstream step of the dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . This is the first silencing suppressor to be identified from the genus Oryzavirus .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a potent antiviral response in plants . As a counterdefense , most plant and some animal viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors . In this study , we showed that Pns6 , a putative movement protein of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , exhibited silencing suppressor activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns6 of RRSV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Deletion of a region involved in RNA binding abolished the silencing suppressor activity of Pns6 . Further , expression of Pns6 enhanced Potato virus x pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RRSV Pns6 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing that targets an upstream step of the dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . This is the first silencing suppressor to be identified from the genus Oryzavirus .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: As a counterdefense , most plant and some animal viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors . In this study , we showed that Pns6 , a putative movement protein of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , exhibited silencing suppressor activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns6 of RRSV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Deletion of a region involved in RNA binding abolished the silencing suppressor activity of Pns6 . Further , expression of Pns6 enhanced Potato virus x pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RRSV Pns6 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing that targets an upstream step of the dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . This is the first silencing suppressor to be identified from the genus Oryzavirus .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we showed that Pns6 , a putative movement protein of Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , exhibited silencing suppressor activity in coinfiltration assays with the reporter green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns6 of RRSV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Deletion of a region involved in RNA binding abolished the silencing suppressor activity of Pns6 . Further , expression of Pns6 enhanced Potato virus x pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RRSV Pns6 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing that targets an upstream step of the dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . This is the first silencing suppressor to be identified from the genus Oryzavirus .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
|---|
| Title: Identification of Pns12 as the second silencing suppressor of Rice gall dwarf virus .
| | Author: Wu J Wang C Du Z Cai L Hu M Wu Z Li Y Xie L | | Journal: Sci China Life Sci Citation: V : 54 P : 201-8 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21416320 Accession (PMID): 21416320 | | Abstract: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism found ubiquitously in eukaryotic organisms .
It has been used to regulate gene expression and development .
In addition , RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants defense against invasive nucleic acids , such as viruses , transposons , and transgenes .
As a counter-defense , most plants , and some animal viruses , encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway .
In this study , we showed that Pns12 of RGDV ( Rice gall dwarf virus ) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c .
Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA .
Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana .
Collectively , these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing , which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway .
Furthermore , we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N benthamiana leaf cells .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism found ubiquitously in eukaryotic organisms . It has been used to regulate gene expression and development . In addition , RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants defense against invasive nucleic acids , such as viruses , transposons , and transgenes . As a counter-defense , most plants , and some animal viruses , encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway . In this study , we showed that Pns12 of RGDV ( Rice gall dwarf virus ) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing , which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . Furthermore , we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N benthamiana leaf cells .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: It has been used to regulate gene expression and development . In addition , RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants defense against invasive nucleic acids , such as viruses , transposons , and transgenes . As a counter-defense , most plants , and some animal viruses , encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway . In this study , we showed that Pns12 of RGDV ( Rice gall dwarf virus ) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing , which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . Furthermore , we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N benthamiana leaf cells .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants defense against invasive nucleic acids , such as viruses , transposons , and transgenes . As a counter-defense , most plants , and some animal viruses , encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway . In this study , we showed that Pns12 of RGDV ( Rice gall dwarf virus ) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing , which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . Furthermore , we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N benthamiana leaf cells .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: As a counter-defense , most plants , and some animal viruses , encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway . In this study , we showed that Pns12 of RGDV ( Rice gall dwarf virus ) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing , which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . Furthermore , we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N benthamiana leaf cells .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we showed that Pns12 of RGDV ( Rice gall dwarf virus ) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c . Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA . Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N benthamiana . Collectively , these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing , which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway . Furthermore , we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N benthamiana leaf cells .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Movement protein Pns6 of rice dwarf phytoreovirus has both ATPase and RNA binding activities .
| | Author: Ji X Qian D Wei C Ye G Zhang Z Wu Z Xie L Li Y | | Journal: PLoS One Citation: V : 6 P : e24986 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21949821 Accession (PMID): 21949821 | | Abstract: Cell-to-cell movement is essential for plant viruses to systemically infect host plants .
Plant viruses encode movement proteins ( MP ) to facilitate such movement .
Unlike the well-characterized MPs of DNA viruses and single-stranded RNA ( ssRNA ) viruses , knowledge of the functional mechanisms of MPs encoded by double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses is very limited .
In particular , many studied MPs of DNA and ssRNA viruses bind non-specifically ssRNAs , leading to models in which ribonucleoprotein complexes ( RNPs ) move from cell to cell .
Thus , it will be of special interest to determine whether MPs of dsRNA viruses interact with genomic dsRNAs or their derivative sRNAs .
To this end , we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome .
We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs .
Intriguingly , Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5- and 3-terminal consensus sequences of RDV .
Furthermore , Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities .
Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N and C-termini , respectively .
Our results uncovered the novel property of a viral MP in differentially recognizing dsRNA and ssRNA and establish a biochemical basis to enable further studies on the mechanisms of dsRNA viral MP functions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plant viruses encode movement proteins ( MP ) to facilitate such movement . Unlike the well-characterized MPs of DNA viruses and single-stranded RNA ( ssRNA ) viruses , knowledge of the functional mechanisms of MPs encoded by double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses is very limited . In particular , many studied MPs of DNA and ssRNA viruses bind non-specifically ssRNAs , leading to models in which ribonucleoprotein complexes ( RNPs ) move from cell to cell . Thus , it will be of special interest to determine whether MPs of dsRNA viruses interact with genomic dsRNAs or their derivative sRNAs . To this end , we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs . Intriguingly , Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5- and 3-terminal consensus sequences of RDV . Furthermore , Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities . Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N and C-termini , respectively .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Unlike the well-characterized MPs of DNA viruses and single-stranded RNA ( ssRNA ) viruses , knowledge of the functional mechanisms of MPs encoded by double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses is very limited . In particular , many studied MPs of DNA and ssRNA viruses bind non-specifically ssRNAs , leading to models in which ribonucleoprotein complexes ( RNPs ) move from cell to cell . Thus , it will be of special interest to determine whether MPs of dsRNA viruses interact with genomic dsRNAs or their derivative sRNAs . To this end , we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs . Intriguingly , Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5- and 3-terminal consensus sequences of RDV . Furthermore , Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities . Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N and C-termini , respectively . Our results uncovered the novel property of a viral MP in differentially recognizing dsRNA and ssRNA and establish a biochemical basis to enable further studies on the mechanisms of dsRNA viral MP functions .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In particular , many studied MPs of DNA and ssRNA viruses bind non-specifically ssRNAs , leading to models in which ribonucleoprotein complexes ( RNPs ) move from cell to cell . Thus , it will be of special interest to determine whether MPs of dsRNA viruses interact with genomic dsRNAs or their derivative sRNAs . To this end , we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs . Intriguingly , Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5- and 3-terminal consensus sequences of RDV . Furthermore , Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities . Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N and C-termini , respectively . Our results uncovered the novel property of a viral MP in differentially recognizing dsRNA and ssRNA and establish a biochemical basis to enable further studies on the mechanisms of dsRNA viral MP functions .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , it will be of special interest to determine whether MPs of dsRNA viruses interact with genomic dsRNAs or their derivative sRNAs . To this end , we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs . Intriguingly , Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5- and 3-terminal consensus sequences of RDV . Furthermore , Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities . Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N and C-termini , respectively . Our results uncovered the novel property of a viral MP in differentially recognizing dsRNA and ssRNA and establish a biochemical basis to enable further studies on the mechanisms of dsRNA viral MP functions .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: To this end , we studied the biochemical functions of MP Pns6 of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) , a member of Phytoreovirus that contains a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . We report here that Pns6 binds both dsRNAs and ssRNAs . Intriguingly , Pns6 exhibits non-sequence specificity for dsRNA but shows preference for ssRNA sequences derived from the conserved genomic 5- and 3-terminal consensus sequences of RDV . Furthermore , Pns6 exhibits magnesium-dependent ATPase activities . Mutagenesis identified the RNA binding and ATPase activity sites of Pns6 at the N and C-termini , respectively . Our results uncovered the novel property of a viral MP in differentially recognizing dsRNA and ssRNA and establish a biochemical basis to enable further studies on the mechanisms of dsRNA viral MP functions .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Transient photothermal spectra of plasmonic nanobubbles .
| | Author: Lukianova-Hleb EY Sassaroli E Jones A Lapotko DO | | Journal: Langmuir Citation: V : 28 P : 4858-66 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22339620 Accession (PMID): 22339620 | | Abstract: The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles ( NP ) , nanoshells , and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse .
PNBs , transient vapor nanobubbles , were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells .
Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs : the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse .
Narrow red-shifted ( relative to those of NPs ) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses , while longer sub and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range .
Thus , PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles ( NP ) , nanoshells , and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse . PNBs , transient vapor nanobubbles , were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells . Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs : the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse . Narrow red-shifted ( relative to those of NPs ) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses , while longer sub and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range . Thus , PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles ( NP ) , nanoshells , and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse . PNBs , transient vapor nanobubbles , were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells . Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs : the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse . Narrow red-shifted ( relative to those of NPs ) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses , while longer sub and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range . Thus , PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles ( NP ) , nanoshells , and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse . PNBs , transient vapor nanobubbles , were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells . Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs : the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse . Narrow red-shifted ( relative to those of NPs ) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses , while longer sub and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range . Thus , PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles ( NP ) , nanoshells , and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse . PNBs , transient vapor nanobubbles , were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells . Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs : the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse . Narrow red-shifted ( relative to those of NPs ) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses , while longer sub and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range . Thus , PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles ( NP ) , nanoshells , and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse . PNBs , transient vapor nanobubbles , were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells . Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs : the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse . Narrow red-shifted ( relative to those of NPs ) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses , while longer sub and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range . Thus , PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Assembly of the viroplasm by viral nonstructural protein Pns10 is essential for persistent infection of Rice ragged stunt virus in its vector insect .
| | Author: Jia D Guo N Chen H Akita F Xie L Omura T Wei T | | Journal: J Gen Virol Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22837415 Accession (PMID): 22837415 | | Abstract: Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , an oryzavirus , is transmitted by brown planthopper in a persistent-propagative manner .
In this study , sequential infection of RRSV in the internal organs of its vector insect after ingestion of virus was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy .
RRSV first was detected in the epithelial cells of midgut , from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding midgut , then throughout the visceral muscles of midgut and hindgut , and finally in the salivary glands .
Viroplasms , the sites for viral replication and assembly of progeny virions , were formed in the midgut epithelium , visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the nonstructural protein Pns10 of RRSV , which appeared to be the major constituent of viroplasms .
Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system suggested that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10 .
RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation , preventing efficient viral infection or spread in its vector insects .
All these results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and viral replication in the vector insect .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , an oryzavirus , is transmitted by brown planthopper in a persistent-propagative manner . In this study , sequential infection of RRSV in the internal organs of its vector insect after ingestion of virus was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy . RRSV first was detected in the epithelial cells of midgut , from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding midgut , then throughout the visceral muscles of midgut and hindgut , and finally in the salivary glands . Viroplasms , the sites for viral replication and assembly of progeny virions , were formed in the midgut epithelium , visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the nonstructural protein Pns10 of RRSV , which appeared to be the major constituent of viroplasms . Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system suggested that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10 . RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation , preventing efficient viral infection or spread in its vector insects . All these results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and viral replication in the vector insect .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) , an oryzavirus , is transmitted by brown planthopper in a persistent-propagative manner . In this study , sequential infection of RRSV in the internal organs of its vector insect after ingestion of virus was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy . RRSV first was detected in the epithelial cells of midgut , from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding midgut , then throughout the visceral muscles of midgut and hindgut , and finally in the salivary glands . Viroplasms , the sites for viral replication and assembly of progeny virions , were formed in the midgut epithelium , visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the nonstructural protein Pns10 of RRSV , which appeared to be the major constituent of viroplasms . Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system suggested that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10 . RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation , preventing efficient viral infection or spread in its vector insects . All these results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and viral replication in the vector insect .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , sequential infection of RRSV in the internal organs of its vector insect after ingestion of virus was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy . RRSV first was detected in the epithelial cells of midgut , from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding midgut , then throughout the visceral muscles of midgut and hindgut , and finally in the salivary glands . Viroplasms , the sites for viral replication and assembly of progeny virions , were formed in the midgut epithelium , visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the nonstructural protein Pns10 of RRSV , which appeared to be the major constituent of viroplasms . Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system suggested that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10 . RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation , preventing efficient viral infection or spread in its vector insects . All these results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and viral replication in the vector insect .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: RRSV first was detected in the epithelial cells of midgut , from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding midgut , then throughout the visceral muscles of midgut and hindgut , and finally in the salivary glands . Viroplasms , the sites for viral replication and assembly of progeny virions , were formed in the midgut epithelium , visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the nonstructural protein Pns10 of RRSV , which appeared to be the major constituent of viroplasms . Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells upon expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system suggested that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10 . RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation , preventing efficient viral infection or spread in its vector insects . All these results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and viral replication in the vector insect .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Immunodetection of rice dwarf phytoreoviral proteins in both insect and plant hosts .
| | Author: Suzuki N Sugawara M Kusano T Mori H Matsuura Y | | Journal: Virology Citation: V : 202 ( 1 ) P : 41-8 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8009852 Accession (PMID): 8009852 | | Abstract: Peptides encoded by truncated ( S1 and S2 ) or full-length ( S3 to S11 ) cDNAs of 11 of the 12 rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) genome segments were expressed in a baculovirus vector system .
Antibodies raised against each of the expressed peptides were used as probes to detect the authentic proteins encoded by the RDV open reading frame .
Polypeptides identified as gene products of S1 to S11 in both RDV-infected rice leaf and leafhopper ( Nephotettix cincticeps ) homogenates were the P1 minor core ( 170 kDa ) , P2 ( 130 kDa ) , P3 major core ( 110 kDa ) , Pns9 nonstructural ( 83 kDa ) , P5 ( 89 kDa ) , Pns6 nonstructural ( 56 kDa ) , P7 minor core ( 58 kDa ) , P8 outercapsid ( 43 kDA ) , Pns9 nonstructural ( 49 kDa ) , Pns10 nonstructural ( 35 kDa ) , and Pns11a nonstructural ( 23 kDa ) proteins .
These molecular masses were in accord with those obtained from previous in vitro translation analysis .
The locations of P2 and P5 remain to be determined although both of these are assumed to be outer layer proteins .
Quantitative detection showed that accumulation ( per gram of total proteins ) of the virus-coded proteins in rice leaves is much greater ( more than 15 times ) than that in leafhoppers and that the content of the individual proteins varies within a sample from rice or leafhopper and also varies among different samples . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 5.00 ]: Peptides encoded by truncated ( S1 and S2 ) or full-length ( S3 to S11 ) cDNAs of 11 of the 12 rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) genome segments were expressed in a baculovirus vector system . Antibodies raised against each of the expressed peptides were used as probes to detect the authentic proteins encoded by the RDV open reading frame . Polypeptides identified as gene products of S1 to S11 in both RDV-infected rice leaf and leafhopper ( Nephotettix cincticeps ) homogenates were the P1 minor core ( 170 kDa ) , P2 ( 130 kDa ) , P3 major core ( 110 kDa ) , Pns9 nonstructural ( 83 kDa ) , P5 ( 89 kDa ) , Pns6 nonstructural ( 56 kDa ) , P7 minor core ( 58 kDa ) , P8 outercapsid ( 43 kDA ) , Pns9 nonstructural ( 49 kDa ) , Pns10 nonstructural ( 35 kDa ) , and Pns11a nonstructural ( 23 kDa ) proteins . These molecular masses were in accord with those obtained from previous in vitro translation analysis . The locations of P2 and P5 remain to be determined although both of these are assumed to be outer layer proteins . Quantitative detection showed that accumulation ( per gram of total proteins ) of the virus-coded proteins in rice leaves is much greater ( more than 15 times ) than that in leafhoppers and that the content of the individual proteins varies within a sample from rice or leafhopper and also varies among different samples .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Genomic rearrangement in genome segment 12 of rice dwarf phytoreovirus .
| | Author: Murao K Uyeda I Ando Y Kimura I Cabauatan PQ Koganezawa H | | Journal: Virology Citation: V : 216 ( 1 ) P : 238-40 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8614995 Accession (PMID): 8614995 | | Abstract: The genome segment 12 ( S12 ) of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) isolated from the Philippines ( RDV-P ) and of a variant ( RDV-S-6 ) of RDV severe strain ( RDV-S ) migrated abnormally slower during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than that of the isolate maintained at Hokkaido University ( RDV-H ) .
Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that rearrangement had occurred in these segments , affecting the open reading frame .
A polypeptide encoded by S12 ( Pns12 ) of RDV-P had a duplication of 28 amino acids while 1/3 of the carboxyl terminus of Pns12 was deleted in RDV-S-6 by premature termination due to a frameshift .
RDV-S is always present in plants infected with the RDV-S-6 variant , suggesting that Pns12 of RDV-S-6 is defective .
On the other hand , Pns12 of RDV-P was expressed and appeared to be functional in infected cells in spite of the duplication , as demonstrated by immunoblot analyses using antibody raised against Pns12 expressed in Escherichia coli . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The genome segment 12 ( S12 ) of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) isolated from the Philippines ( RDV-P ) and of a variant ( RDV-S-6 ) of RDV severe strain ( RDV-S ) migrated abnormally slower during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than that of the isolate maintained at Hokkaido University ( RDV-H ) . Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that rearrangement had occurred in these segments , affecting the open reading frame . A polypeptide encoded by S12 ( Pns12 ) of RDV-P had a duplication of 28 amino acids while 1/3 of the carboxyl terminus of Pns12 was deleted in RDV-S-6 by premature termination due to a frameshift . RDV-S is always present in plants infected with the RDV-S-6 variant , suggesting that Pns12 of RDV-S-6 is defective . On the other hand , Pns12 of RDV-P was expressed and appeared to be functional in infected cells in spite of the duplication , as demonstrated by immunoblot analyses using antibody raised against Pns12 expressed in Escherichia coli .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The genome segment 12 ( S12 ) of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) isolated from the Philippines ( RDV-P ) and of a variant ( RDV-S-6 ) of RDV severe strain ( RDV-S ) migrated abnormally slower during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than that of the isolate maintained at Hokkaido University ( RDV-H ) . Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that rearrangement had occurred in these segments , affecting the open reading frame . A polypeptide encoded by S12 ( Pns12 ) of RDV-P had a duplication of 28 amino acids while 1/3 of the carboxyl terminus of Pns12 was deleted in RDV-S-6 by premature termination due to a frameshift . RDV-S is always present in plants infected with the RDV-S-6 variant , suggesting that Pns12 of RDV-S-6 is defective . On the other hand , Pns12 of RDV-P was expressed and appeared to be functional in infected cells in spite of the duplication , as demonstrated by immunoblot analyses using antibody raised against Pns12 expressed in Escherichia coli .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genome segment 12 ( S12 ) of rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) isolated from the Philippines ( RDV-P ) and of a variant ( RDV-S-6 ) of RDV severe strain ( RDV-S ) migrated abnormally slower during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than that of the isolate maintained at Hokkaido University ( RDV-H ) . Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that rearrangement had occurred in these segments , affecting the open reading frame . A polypeptide encoded by S12 ( Pns12 ) of RDV-P had a duplication of 28 amino acids while 1/3 of the carboxyl terminus of Pns12 was deleted in RDV-S-6 by premature termination due to a frameshift . RDV-S is always present in plants infected with the RDV-S-6 variant , suggesting that Pns12 of RDV-S-6 is defective . On the other hand , Pns12 of RDV-P was expressed and appeared to be functional in infected cells in spite of the duplication , as demonstrated by immunoblot analyses using antibody raised against Pns12 expressed in Escherichia coli .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ QTL dissection of panicle number per plant and spikelet number per panicle in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Author: Xu JL Xue QZ Luo LJ Li ZK .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 28 ( 8 ) P : 752-9 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11554350 Accession (PMID): 11554350 | | Abstract: The genetic mechanism underlying panicle number per plant ( PN ) , spikelet number per panicle ( SNP ) and its related traits in rice was analysed using 292 F13 RILs from the cross of Lemont/Teqing and a complete linkage map with 272 molecular markers .
The RILs showed tremendous transgressive segregation for all traits studied .
The weak negative correlation between PN and SNP was observed .
Fifty-one QTLs and 45 epistatic QTL pairs affecting these traits were identified , collectively explaining over 60% of the total variation of individual traits .
Almost all SNP-QTLs were attributable to one or more of its contributing components .
Branching number traits had greater contributions to SNP than length traits , in which the first had twice as many QTLs mapped in the same or near regions with SNP as the latter .
Only two PN-QTLs were mapped in the near regions with those of related traits of SNP , suggesting a reasonable recombination between PN and SNP would be available by marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) .
Some major QTLs including QPn4 for panicle number , QPbn3a , QPbn3b and QPbl4 for panicle branching and length would be of great value in MAS .
It was discussed that a new high-yielding panicle type was resulted from reasonably deploying for QTLs of panicle traits by MAS . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The weak negative correlation between PN and SNP was observed . Fifty-one QTLs and 45 epistatic QTL pairs affecting these traits were identified , collectively explaining over 60% of the total variation of individual traits . Almost all SNP-QTLs were attributable to one or more of its contributing components . Branching number traits had greater contributions to SNP than length traits , in which the first had twice as many QTLs mapped in the same or near regions with SNP as the latter . Only two PN-QTLs were mapped in the near regions with those of related traits of SNP , suggesting a reasonable recombination between PN and SNP would be available by marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) . Some major QTLs including QPn4 for panicle number , QPbn3a , QPbn3b and QPbl4 for panicle branching and length would be of great value in MAS . It was discussed that a new high-yielding panicle type was resulted from reasonably deploying for QTLs of panicle traits by MAS .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic mechanism underlying panicle number per plant ( PN ) , spikelet number per panicle ( SNP ) and its related traits in rice was analysed using 292 F13 RILs from the cross of Lemont/Teqing and a complete linkage map with 272 molecular markers . The RILs showed tremendous transgressive segregation for all traits studied . The weak negative correlation between PN and SNP was observed . Fifty-one QTLs and 45 epistatic QTL pairs affecting these traits were identified , collectively explaining over 60% of the total variation of individual traits . Almost all SNP-QTLs were attributable to one or more of its contributing components .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic mechanism underlying panicle number per plant ( PN ) , spikelet number per panicle ( SNP ) and its related traits in rice was analysed using 292 F13 RILs from the cross of Lemont/Teqing and a complete linkage map with 272 molecular markers . The RILs showed tremendous transgressive segregation for all traits studied . The weak negative correlation between PN and SNP was observed . Fifty-one QTLs and 45 epistatic QTL pairs affecting these traits were identified , collectively explaining over 60% of the total variation of individual traits . Almost all SNP-QTLs were attributable to one or more of its contributing components . Branching number traits had greater contributions to SNP than length traits , in which the first had twice as many QTLs mapped in the same or near regions with SNP as the latter . Only two PN-QTLs were mapped in the near regions with those of related traits of SNP , suggesting a reasonable recombination between PN and SNP would be available by marker-assisted selection ( MAS ) .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: The effect of individualized diet challenges consisting of allergenic foods on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis .
| | Author: Karatay S Erdem T Yildirim K Melikoglu MA Ugur M Cakir E Akcay F Senel K | | Journal: Citation: V : 43 ( 11 ) P : 1429-33 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15304675 Accession (PMID): 15304675 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effect of individualized diet challenges consisting of allergenic foods , defined by the skin prick test ( SPT ) , on tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and interleukin-1beta ( IL-1beta ) levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) .
METHODS : Twenty patients with a positive SPT response for food extracts and 20 with a negative SPT response were enrolled .
None of the patients had active disease .
All patients were fasted for the most common allergenic foods for 12 days and then allocated to two groups according to SPT results .
Food challenges were performed with allergenic foods in the prick-positive group ( PPG ) and with corn and rice in the prick-negative group ( PNG ) for a period of 12 days .
Then , allergenic foods were excluded from the PPG patients diet and corn and rice were removed from the PNG patients diet .
Clinical examinations were performed after fasting ( baseline ) , at the end of the challenge phase and at the end of the re-elimination phase .
Stiffness , pain , tender and swollen joint counts , health assessment questionnaire ( HAQ ) , Ritchies articular index , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were measured .
RESULTS : TNF-alpha ( P < 0 . 01 ) , IL-1beta ( P < 0 . 05 ) , ESR ( P < 0 . 05 ) and CRP ( P = 0 . 001 ) levels and all of the clinical variables , except HAQ , were increased with food challenges in the PPG .
These increases were also recorded after the re-elimination phase .
In the PNG , no significant change was seen in any of the variables , except pain ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
During the study , important differences were observed for most of the variables between the two groups .
Thirteen ( 72% ) patients in the PPG and three ( 18% ) in the PNG experienced disease exacerbation with challenges .
This aggravation continued after elimination .
CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that individualized dietary revisions may regulate TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in selected patients with RA .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effect of individualized diet challenges consisting of allergenic foods , defined by the skin prick test ( SPT ) , on tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and interleukin-1beta ( IL-1beta ) levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . METHODS : Twenty patients with a positive SPT response for food extracts and 20 with a negative SPT response were enrolled . None of the patients had active disease . All patients were fasted for the most common allergenic foods for 12 days and then allocated to two groups according to SPT results . Food challenges were performed with allergenic foods in the prick-positive group ( PPG ) and with corn and rice in the prick-negative group ( PNG ) for a period of 12 days . Then , allergenic foods were excluded from the PPG patients diet and corn and rice were removed from the PNG patients diet . Clinical examinations were performed after fasting ( baseline ) , at the end of the challenge phase and at the end of the re-elimination phase . Stiffness , pain , tender and swollen joint counts , health assessment questionnaire ( HAQ ) , Ritchies articular index , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were measured . RESULTS : TNF-alpha ( P < 0 . 01 ) , IL-1beta ( P < 0 . 05 ) , ESR ( P < 0 . 05 ) and CRP ( P = 0 . 001 ) levels and all of the clinical variables , except HAQ , were increased with food challenges in the PPG .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : Twenty patients with a positive SPT response for food extracts and 20 with a negative SPT response were enrolled . None of the patients had active disease . All patients were fasted for the most common allergenic foods for 12 days and then allocated to two groups according to SPT results . Food challenges were performed with allergenic foods in the prick-positive group ( PPG ) and with corn and rice in the prick-negative group ( PNG ) for a period of 12 days . Then , allergenic foods were excluded from the PPG patients diet and corn and rice were removed from the PNG patients diet . Clinical examinations were performed after fasting ( baseline ) , at the end of the challenge phase and at the end of the re-elimination phase . Stiffness , pain , tender and swollen joint counts , health assessment questionnaire ( HAQ ) , Ritchies articular index , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were measured . RESULTS : TNF-alpha ( P < 0 . 01 ) , IL-1beta ( P < 0 . 05 ) , ESR ( P < 0 . 05 ) and CRP ( P = 0 . 001 ) levels and all of the clinical variables , except HAQ , were increased with food challenges in the PPG . These increases were also recorded after the re-elimination phase .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinical examinations were performed after fasting ( baseline ) , at the end of the challenge phase and at the end of the re-elimination phase . Stiffness , pain , tender and swollen joint counts , health assessment questionnaire ( HAQ ) , Ritchies articular index , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were measured . RESULTS : TNF-alpha ( P < 0 . 01 ) , IL-1beta ( P < 0 . 05 ) , ESR ( P < 0 . 05 ) and CRP ( P = 0 . 001 ) levels and all of the clinical variables , except HAQ , were increased with food challenges in the PPG . These increases were also recorded after the re-elimination phase . In the PNG , no significant change was seen in any of the variables , except pain ( P < 0 . 05 ) . During the study , important differences were observed for most of the variables between the two groups . Thirteen ( 72% ) patients in the PPG and three ( 18% ) in the PNG experienced disease exacerbation with challenges . This aggravation continued after elimination . CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that individualized dietary revisions may regulate TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in selected patients with RA .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : TNF-alpha ( P < 0 . 01 ) , IL-1beta ( P < 0 . 05 ) , ESR ( P < 0 . 05 ) and CRP ( P = 0 . 001 ) levels and all of the clinical variables , except HAQ , were increased with food challenges in the PPG . These increases were also recorded after the re-elimination phase . In the PNG , no significant change was seen in any of the variables , except pain ( P < 0 . 05 ) . During the study , important differences were observed for most of the variables between the two groups . Thirteen ( 72% ) patients in the PPG and three ( 18% ) in the PNG experienced disease exacerbation with challenges . This aggravation continued after elimination . CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that individualized dietary revisions may regulate TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in selected patients with RA .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Is root growth under phosphorus deficiency affected by source or sink limitations?
| | Author: Wissuwa M Gamat G Ismail AM .
| | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Citation: V : 56 ( 417 ) P : 1943-50 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15911558 Accession (PMID): 15911558 | | Abstract: Reduced net photosynthesis ( Pn ) and decreasing shoot and root biomass are typical effects of phosphorus deficiency in plants .
Lower biomass accumulation could be the result of reduced Pn ( source limitation ) , but may also be due to direct negative effects of low P availability on growth ( sink limitation ) .
Because of the principal importance of root growth for P uptake , this study specifically examined the question whether source or sink limitations were responsible for reduced root growth rates under P deficiency .
Rice plants were grown in nutrient solutions with four levels of P supply and at two light treatments and the effect of Pxlight treatments on growth and carbohydrate distribution was observed .
Plants had up to 70% higher Pn when grown with natural ( high ) light compared with low light .
Higher Pn , however , did not lead to additional growth under P deficiency , suggesting that assimilate supply from source leaves to roots was not a limiting factor under P deficiency .
This was supported by observations that root starch concentrations increased in P-deficient roots .
The comparison of two genotypes with different tolerance to P deficiency showed that the more tolerant one preferentially distributed P to roots where the additional P stimulated root growth and , ultimately , P uptake .
The results therefore suggest that source limitation is of little importance under P deficiency .
Even at highly sub-optimal it issue P concentrations of below 0 . 7 mg P g ( -1 ) dry weight , plants were able to produce enough assimilates to sustain growth rates that were directly limited by low P availability . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Reduced net photosynthesis ( Pn ) and decreasing shoot and root biomass are typical effects of phosphorus deficiency in plants . Lower biomass accumulation could be the result of reduced Pn ( source limitation ) , but may also be due to direct negative effects of low P availability on growth ( sink limitation ) . Because of the principal importance of root growth for P uptake , this study specifically examined the question whether source or sink limitations were responsible for reduced root growth rates under P deficiency . Rice plants were grown in nutrient solutions with four levels of P supply and at two light treatments and the effect of Pxlight treatments on growth and carbohydrate distribution was observed . Plants had up to 70% higher Pn when grown with natural ( high ) light compared with low light .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Reduced net photosynthesis ( Pn ) and decreasing shoot and root biomass are typical effects of phosphorus deficiency in plants . Lower biomass accumulation could be the result of reduced Pn ( source limitation ) , but may also be due to direct negative effects of low P availability on growth ( sink limitation ) . Because of the principal importance of root growth for P uptake , this study specifically examined the question whether source or sink limitations were responsible for reduced root growth rates under P deficiency . Rice plants were grown in nutrient solutions with four levels of P supply and at two light treatments and the effect of Pxlight treatments on growth and carbohydrate distribution was observed . Plants had up to 70% higher Pn when grown with natural ( high ) light compared with low light . Higher Pn , however , did not lead to additional growth under P deficiency , suggesting that assimilate supply from source leaves to roots was not a limiting factor under P deficiency .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Reduced net photosynthesis ( Pn ) and decreasing shoot and root biomass are typical effects of phosphorus deficiency in plants . Lower biomass accumulation could be the result of reduced Pn ( source limitation ) , but may also be due to direct negative effects of low P availability on growth ( sink limitation ) . Because of the principal importance of root growth for P uptake , this study specifically examined the question whether source or sink limitations were responsible for reduced root growth rates under P deficiency . Rice plants were grown in nutrient solutions with four levels of P supply and at two light treatments and the effect of Pxlight treatments on growth and carbohydrate distribution was observed . Plants had up to 70% higher Pn when grown with natural ( high ) light compared with low light . Higher Pn , however , did not lead to additional growth under P deficiency , suggesting that assimilate supply from source leaves to roots was not a limiting factor under P deficiency . This was supported by observations that root starch concentrations increased in P-deficient roots . The comparison of two genotypes with different tolerance to P deficiency showed that the more tolerant one preferentially distributed P to roots where the additional P stimulated root growth and , ultimately , P uptake . The results therefore suggest that source limitation is of little importance under P deficiency .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lower biomass accumulation could be the result of reduced Pn ( source limitation ) , but may also be due to direct negative effects of low P availability on growth ( sink limitation ) . Because of the principal importance of root growth for P uptake , this study specifically examined the question whether source or sink limitations were responsible for reduced root growth rates under P deficiency . Rice plants were grown in nutrient solutions with four levels of P supply and at two light treatments and the effect of Pxlight treatments on growth and carbohydrate distribution was observed . Plants had up to 70% higher Pn when grown with natural ( high ) light compared with low light . Higher Pn , however , did not lead to additional growth under P deficiency , suggesting that assimilate supply from source leaves to roots was not a limiting factor under P deficiency . This was supported by observations that root starch concentrations increased in P-deficient roots . The comparison of two genotypes with different tolerance to P deficiency showed that the more tolerant one preferentially distributed P to roots where the additional P stimulated root growth and , ultimately , P uptake . The results therefore suggest that source limitation is of little importance under P deficiency . Even at highly sub-optimal it issue P concentrations of below 0 . 7 mg P g ( -1 ) dry weight , plants were able to produce enough assimilates to sustain growth rates that were directly limited by low P availability .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Pns4 of rice dwarf virus is a phosphoprotein , is localized around the viroplasm matrix , and forms minitubules .
| | Author: Wei T Kikuchi A Suzuki N Shimizu T Hagiwara K Chen H Omura T | | Journal: Arch . Virol . Citation: V : 151 ( 9 ) P : 1701-12 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16609816 Accession (PMID): 16609816 | | Abstract: Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) , a member of the family Reoviridae , has a 12-segmented dsRNA genome .
Seven segments , designated S1 , S2 , S3 , S5 , S7 , S8 , and S9 , encode structural proteins , while the remainder encode nonstructural proteins .
One of the nonstructural proteins , Pns4 , which is encoded by S4 , was characterized .
Pns4 was a phosphorylatable substrate in a phosphorylation assay in vivo ; it associated with large cytoplasmic fibrils and formed novel minitubules in infected cultured cells of its leafhopper insect vector , as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy .
Early in infection , Pns4 was detected at the periphery of the viroplasm , and it was then observed on amorphous or fibrillar inclusions , which were identified as bundles of minitubules , at later stages of infection .
Since viroplasms are believed to be the site of RDV replication , the intracellular location of Pns4 suggests that this protein might be involved in the process of assembly of the RDV virion .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) , a member of the family Reoviridae , has a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . Seven segments , designated S1 , S2 , S3 , S5 , S7 , S8 , and S9 , encode structural proteins , while the remainder encode nonstructural proteins . One of the nonstructural proteins , Pns4 , which is encoded by S4 , was characterized . Pns4 was a phosphorylatable substrate in a phosphorylation assay in vivo ; it associated with large cytoplasmic fibrils and formed novel minitubules in infected cultured cells of its leafhopper insect vector , as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy . Early in infection , Pns4 was detected at the periphery of the viroplasm , and it was then observed on amorphous or fibrillar inclusions , which were identified as bundles of minitubules , at later stages of infection . Since viroplasms are believed to be the site of RDV replication , the intracellular location of Pns4 suggests that this protein might be involved in the process of assembly of the RDV virion .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) , a member of the family Reoviridae , has a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . Seven segments , designated S1 , S2 , S3 , S5 , S7 , S8 , and S9 , encode structural proteins , while the remainder encode nonstructural proteins . One of the nonstructural proteins , Pns4 , which is encoded by S4 , was characterized . Pns4 was a phosphorylatable substrate in a phosphorylation assay in vivo ; it associated with large cytoplasmic fibrils and formed novel minitubules in infected cultured cells of its leafhopper insect vector , as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy . Early in infection , Pns4 was detected at the periphery of the viroplasm , and it was then observed on amorphous or fibrillar inclusions , which were identified as bundles of minitubules , at later stages of infection . Since viroplasms are believed to be the site of RDV replication , the intracellular location of Pns4 suggests that this protein might be involved in the process of assembly of the RDV virion .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) , a member of the family Reoviridae , has a 12-segmented dsRNA genome . Seven segments , designated S1 , S2 , S3 , S5 , S7 , S8 , and S9 , encode structural proteins , while the remainder encode nonstructural proteins . One of the nonstructural proteins , Pns4 , which is encoded by S4 , was characterized . Pns4 was a phosphorylatable substrate in a phosphorylation assay in vivo ; it associated with large cytoplasmic fibrils and formed novel minitubules in infected cultured cells of its leafhopper insect vector , as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy . Early in infection , Pns4 was detected at the periphery of the viroplasm , and it was then observed on amorphous or fibrillar inclusions , which were identified as bundles of minitubules , at later stages of infection . Since viroplasms are believed to be the site of RDV replication , the intracellular location of Pns4 suggests that this protein might be involved in the process of assembly of the RDV virion .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Seven segments , designated S1 , S2 , S3 , S5 , S7 , S8 , and S9 , encode structural proteins , while the remainder encode nonstructural proteins . One of the nonstructural proteins , Pns4 , which is encoded by S4 , was characterized . Pns4 was a phosphorylatable substrate in a phosphorylation assay in vivo ; it associated with large cytoplasmic fibrils and formed novel minitubules in infected cultured cells of its leafhopper insect vector , as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy . Early in infection , Pns4 was detected at the periphery of the viroplasm , and it was then observed on amorphous or fibrillar inclusions , which were identified as bundles of minitubules , at later stages of infection . Since viroplasms are believed to be the site of RDV replication , the intracellular location of Pns4 suggests that this protein might be involved in the process of assembly of the RDV virion .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: The spread of Rice dwarf virus among cells of its insect vector exploits virus-induced tubular structures .
| | Author: Wei T Kikuchi A Moriyasu Y Suzuki N Shimizu T Hagiwara K Chen H Takahashi M Ichiki-Uehara T Omura T | | Journal: J Virol .
Citation: V : 80 ( 17 ) P : 8593-602 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16912308 Accession (PMID): 16912308 | | Abstract: Various cytopathological structures , known as inclusion bodies , are formed upon infection of cultured leafhopper cells by Rice dwarf virus , a member of the family Reoviridae .
These structures include tubules of approximately 85 nm in diameter which are composed of the nonstructural viral protein Pns10 and contain viral particles .
Such tubular structures were produced in heterologous non-host insect cells that expressed Pns10 of the virus .
These tubules , when associated with actin-based filopodia , were able to protrude from the surface of cells and to penetrate neighboring cells .
A binding assay in vitro revealed the specific binding of Pns10 to actin .
Infection of clusters of cells was readily apparent 5 days after inoculation at a low multiplicity of infection with the virus , even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies .
However , treatment of host cells with drugs that inhibited the elongation of actin filaments abolished the extension of Pns10 tubules from the surface of cells , with a significant simultaneous decrease in the extent of infection of neighboring cells .
These results together revealed a previously undescribed aspect of the intercellular spread of Rice dwarf virus , wherein the virus exploits tubules composed of a nonstructural viral protein and actin-based filopodia to move into neighboring cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Various cytopathological structures , known as inclusion bodies , are formed upon infection of cultured leafhopper cells by Rice dwarf virus , a member of the family Reoviridae . These structures include tubules of approximately 85 nm in diameter which are composed of the nonstructural viral protein Pns10 and contain viral particles . Such tubular structures were produced in heterologous non-host insect cells that expressed Pns10 of the virus . These tubules , when associated with actin-based filopodia , were able to protrude from the surface of cells and to penetrate neighboring cells . A binding assay in vitro revealed the specific binding of Pns10 to actin . Infection of clusters of cells was readily apparent 5 days after inoculation at a low multiplicity of infection with the virus , even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Various cytopathological structures , known as inclusion bodies , are formed upon infection of cultured leafhopper cells by Rice dwarf virus , a member of the family Reoviridae . These structures include tubules of approximately 85 nm in diameter which are composed of the nonstructural viral protein Pns10 and contain viral particles . Such tubular structures were produced in heterologous non-host insect cells that expressed Pns10 of the virus . These tubules , when associated with actin-based filopodia , were able to protrude from the surface of cells and to penetrate neighboring cells . A binding assay in vitro revealed the specific binding of Pns10 to actin . Infection of clusters of cells was readily apparent 5 days after inoculation at a low multiplicity of infection with the virus , even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies . However , treatment of host cells with drugs that inhibited the elongation of actin filaments abolished the extension of Pns10 tubules from the surface of cells , with a significant simultaneous decrease in the extent of infection of neighboring cells .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Various cytopathological structures , known as inclusion bodies , are formed upon infection of cultured leafhopper cells by Rice dwarf virus , a member of the family Reoviridae . These structures include tubules of approximately 85 nm in diameter which are composed of the nonstructural viral protein Pns10 and contain viral particles . Such tubular structures were produced in heterologous non-host insect cells that expressed Pns10 of the virus . These tubules , when associated with actin-based filopodia , were able to protrude from the surface of cells and to penetrate neighboring cells . A binding assay in vitro revealed the specific binding of Pns10 to actin . Infection of clusters of cells was readily apparent 5 days after inoculation at a low multiplicity of infection with the virus , even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies . However , treatment of host cells with drugs that inhibited the elongation of actin filaments abolished the extension of Pns10 tubules from the surface of cells , with a significant simultaneous decrease in the extent of infection of neighboring cells . These results together revealed a previously undescribed aspect of the intercellular spread of Rice dwarf virus , wherein the virus exploits tubules composed of a nonstructural viral protein and actin-based filopodia to move into neighboring cells .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Such tubular structures were produced in heterologous non-host insect cells that expressed Pns10 of the virus . These tubules , when associated with actin-based filopodia , were able to protrude from the surface of cells and to penetrate neighboring cells . A binding assay in vitro revealed the specific binding of Pns10 to actin . Infection of clusters of cells was readily apparent 5 days after inoculation at a low multiplicity of infection with the virus , even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies . However , treatment of host cells with drugs that inhibited the elongation of actin filaments abolished the extension of Pns10 tubules from the surface of cells , with a significant simultaneous decrease in the extent of infection of neighboring cells . These results together revealed a previously undescribed aspect of the intercellular spread of Rice dwarf virus , wherein the virus exploits tubules composed of a nonstructural viral protein and actin-based filopodia to move into neighboring cells .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Evaluation of genotypic variation in leaf photosynthetic rate and its associated factors by using rice diversity research set of germplasm .
| | Author: Kanemura T Homma K Ohsumi A Shiraiwa T Horie T | | Journal: Photosynth Res Citation: V : 94 P : 23-30 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17659450 Accession (PMID): 17659450 | | Abstract: In order to evaluate genotypic variation , we measured leaf photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) and its associated factors for the rice diversity research set of germplasm ( RDRS ) selected from the Genebank in National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ( NIAS ) .
Pn showed large genotypic variation from 11 . 9 to 32 . 1 micromol m ( -2 ) s ( -1 ) .
The variation in stomatal conductance to CO2 ( Gs ) explained about 50% of that in Pn , while that in nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves explained about 35% .
The genotype group which mainly consists of aus type indica tended to have higher Gs , and the genotype group which corresponds to japonica had a higher nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves .
The relationships of Pn with Gs and N were not significantly different among genotype groups , suggesting photosynthetic efficiencies are similar among genotype groups .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to evaluate genotypic variation , we measured leaf photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) and its associated factors for the rice diversity research set of germplasm ( RDRS ) selected from the Genebank in National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ( NIAS ) . Pn showed large genotypic variation from 11 . 9 to 32 . 1 micromol m ( -2 ) s ( -1 ) . The variation in stomatal conductance to CO2 ( Gs ) explained about 50% of that in Pn , while that in nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves explained about 35% . The genotype group which mainly consists of aus type indica tended to have higher Gs , and the genotype group which corresponds to japonica had a higher nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves . The relationships of Pn with Gs and N were not significantly different among genotype groups , suggesting photosynthetic efficiencies are similar among genotype groups .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to evaluate genotypic variation , we measured leaf photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) and its associated factors for the rice diversity research set of germplasm ( RDRS ) selected from the Genebank in National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ( NIAS ) . Pn showed large genotypic variation from 11 . 9 to 32 . 1 micromol m ( -2 ) s ( -1 ) . The variation in stomatal conductance to CO2 ( Gs ) explained about 50% of that in Pn , while that in nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves explained about 35% . The genotype group which mainly consists of aus type indica tended to have higher Gs , and the genotype group which corresponds to japonica had a higher nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves . The relationships of Pn with Gs and N were not significantly different among genotype groups , suggesting photosynthetic efficiencies are similar among genotype groups .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to evaluate genotypic variation , we measured leaf photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) and its associated factors for the rice diversity research set of germplasm ( RDRS ) selected from the Genebank in National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ( NIAS ) . Pn showed large genotypic variation from 11 . 9 to 32 . 1 micromol m ( -2 ) s ( -1 ) . The variation in stomatal conductance to CO2 ( Gs ) explained about 50% of that in Pn , while that in nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves explained about 35% . The genotype group which mainly consists of aus type indica tended to have higher Gs , and the genotype group which corresponds to japonica had a higher nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves . The relationships of Pn with Gs and N were not significantly different among genotype groups , suggesting photosynthetic efficiencies are similar among genotype groups .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to evaluate genotypic variation , we measured leaf photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) and its associated factors for the rice diversity research set of germplasm ( RDRS ) selected from the Genebank in National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ( NIAS ) . Pn showed large genotypic variation from 11 . 9 to 32 . 1 micromol m ( -2 ) s ( -1 ) . The variation in stomatal conductance to CO2 ( Gs ) explained about 50% of that in Pn , while that in nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves explained about 35% . The genotype group which mainly consists of aus type indica tended to have higher Gs , and the genotype group which corresponds to japonica had a higher nitrogen concentration ( N ) in leaves . The relationships of Pn with Gs and N were not significantly different among genotype groups , suggesting photosynthetic efficiencies are similar among genotype groups .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Initial functional analysis of the promoter region and coding region of Pib gene in transgenic rice ] | | Author: Zhou M Yang SH Lan Y Jin YK Wan JM | | Journal: Yi Chuan Citation: V : 30 P : 367-72 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18332008 Accession (PMID): 18332008 | | Abstract: The promoter region and intact coding region of Pib gene ( 9 . 9 kb ) was inserted into the downstream of CaMV 35S promoter in a binary vector pPZP2Ha3 ( + ) , resulting a plasmid pNAR701 .
And a fragment of Pib gene from 6 986 to 9 392 bp was placed into pPZP2Ha3 ( - ) under the control of CaMV 35S promoter , producing an antisense expression vector pNAR703 .
These two recombined vectors were transferred into a blast medium susceptible rice cultivar R109 by an Agrobecterium-mediated method .
Tests of PCR and Southern blotting for transgenic plants as well as the segregation of hygromycin resistance in T1 generation confirmed that the target DNA fragments were integrated into genome of R109 and hereditable .
Northern blotting analysis showed the coding region of Pib gene double driven by 35S and its native promoter was able to transcript in T1 transgenic plants .
Rice blast resistance test for T1 transgenic seedlings of 3-4 leaves stage and in vitro leaves in tillering stage showed that transgenic plants of pNAR701 were more resistant to blast race ZD1 and ZG1 than the wild type plants , but the resistance of antisense transgenic plants from pNAR703 was decreased compared to the controls .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: And a fragment of Pib gene from 6 986 to 9 392 bp was placed into pPZP2Ha3 ( - ) under the control of CaMV 35S promoter , producing an antisense expression vector pNAR703 . These two recombined vectors were transferred into a blast medium susceptible rice cultivar R109 by an Agrobecterium-mediated method . Tests of PCR and Southern blotting for transgenic plants as well as the segregation of hygromycin resistance in T1 generation confirmed that the target DNA fragments were integrated into genome of R109 and hereditable . Northern blotting analysis showed the coding region of Pib gene double driven by 35S and its native promoter was able to transcript in T1 transgenic plants . Rice blast resistance test for T1 transgenic seedlings of 3-4 leaves stage and in vitro leaves in tillering stage showed that transgenic plants of pNAR701 were more resistant to blast race ZD1 and ZG1 than the wild type plants , but the resistance of antisense transgenic plants from pNAR703 was decreased compared to the controls .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The promoter region and intact coding region of Pib gene ( 9 . 9 kb ) was inserted into the downstream of CaMV 35S promoter in a binary vector pPZP2Ha3 ( + ) , resulting a plasmid pNAR701 . And a fragment of Pib gene from 6 986 to 9 392 bp was placed into pPZP2Ha3 ( - ) under the control of CaMV 35S promoter , producing an antisense expression vector pNAR703 . These two recombined vectors were transferred into a blast medium susceptible rice cultivar R109 by an Agrobecterium-mediated method . Tests of PCR and Southern blotting for transgenic plants as well as the segregation of hygromycin resistance in T1 generation confirmed that the target DNA fragments were integrated into genome of R109 and hereditable . Northern blotting analysis showed the coding region of Pib gene double driven by 35S and its native promoter was able to transcript in T1 transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The promoter region and intact coding region of Pib gene ( 9 . 9 kb ) was inserted into the downstream of CaMV 35S promoter in a binary vector pPZP2Ha3 ( + ) , resulting a plasmid pNAR701 . And a fragment of Pib gene from 6 986 to 9 392 bp was placed into pPZP2Ha3 ( - ) under the control of CaMV 35S promoter , producing an antisense expression vector pNAR703 . These two recombined vectors were transferred into a blast medium susceptible rice cultivar R109 by an Agrobecterium-mediated method . Tests of PCR and Southern blotting for transgenic plants as well as the segregation of hygromycin resistance in T1 generation confirmed that the target DNA fragments were integrated into genome of R109 and hereditable . Northern blotting analysis showed the coding region of Pib gene double driven by 35S and its native promoter was able to transcript in T1 transgenic plants . Rice blast resistance test for T1 transgenic seedlings of 3-4 leaves stage and in vitro leaves in tillering stage showed that transgenic plants of pNAR701 were more resistant to blast race ZD1 and ZG1 than the wild type plants , but the resistance of antisense transgenic plants from pNAR703 was decreased compared to the controls .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Structural and enzymatic characterization of Os3BGlu6 , a rice beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing hydrophobic glycosides and ( 1->3 ) - and ( 1->2 ) -linked disaccharides .
| | Author: Seshadri S Akiyama T Opassiri R Kuaprasert B Cairns JK | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 151 P : 47-58 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19587102 Accession (PMID): 19587102 | | Abstract: Glycoside hydrolase family 1 ( GH1 ) beta-glucosidases play roles in many processes in plants , such as chemical defense , alkaloid metabolism , hydrolysis of cell wall-derived oligosaccharides , phytohormone regulation , and lignification .
However , the functions of most of the 34 GH1 gene products in rice ( Oryza sativa ) are unknown .
Os3BGlu6 , a rice beta-glucosidase representing a previously uncharacterized phylogenetic cluster of GH1 , was produced in recombinant Escherichia coli .
Os3BGlu6 hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl ( pNP ) -beta-d-fucoside ( k ( cat ) /K ( m ) = 67 mm ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) , pNP-beta-d-glucoside ( k ( cat ) /K ( m ) = 6 . 2 mm ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) , and pNP-beta-d-galactoside ( k ( cat ) /K ( m ) = 1 . 6 mm ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) efficiently but had little activity toward other pNP glycosides .
It also had high activity toward n-octyl-beta-d-glucoside and beta- ( 1-->3 ) - and beta- ( 1-->2 ) -linked disaccharides and was able to hydrolyze apigenin beta-glucoside and several other natural glycosides .
Crystal structures of Os3BGlu6 and its complexes with a covalent intermediate , 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucoside , and a nonhydrolyzable substrate analog , n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucopyranoside , were solved at 1 . 83 , 1 . 81 , and 1 . 80 A resolution , respectively .
The position of the covalently trapped 2-F-glucosyl residue in the enzyme was similar to that in a 2-F-glucosyl intermediate complex of Os3BGlu7 ( rice BGlu1 ) .
The side chain of methionine-251 in the mouth of the active site appeared to block the binding of extended beta- ( 1-->4 ) -linked oligosaccharides and interact with the hydrophobic aglycone of n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucopyranoside .
This correlates with the preference of Os3BGlu6 for short oligosaccharides and hydrophobic glycosides .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 4.00 ]: Glycoside hydrolase family 1 ( GH1 ) beta-glucosidases play roles in many processes in plants , such as chemical defense , alkaloid metabolism , hydrolysis of cell wall-derived oligosaccharides , phytohormone regulation , and lignification . However , the functions of most of the 34 GH1 gene products in rice ( Oryza sativa ) are unknown . Os3BGlu6 , a rice beta-glucosidase representing a previously uncharacterized phylogenetic cluster of GH1 , was produced in recombinant Escherichia coli . Os3BGlu6 hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl ( pNP ) -beta-d-fucoside ( k ( cat ) /K ( m ) = 67 mm ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) , pNP-beta-d-glucoside ( k ( cat ) /K ( m ) = 6 . 2 mm ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) , and pNP-beta-d-galactoside ( k ( cat ) /K ( m ) = 1 . 6 mm ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) efficiently but had little activity toward other pNP glycosides . It also had high activity toward n-octyl-beta-d-glucoside and beta- ( 1-->3 ) - and beta- ( 1-->2 ) -linked disaccharides and was able to hydrolyze apigenin beta-glucoside and several other natural glycosides . Crystal structures of Os3BGlu6 and its complexes with a covalent intermediate , 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucoside , and a nonhydrolyzable substrate analog , n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucopyranoside , were solved at 1 . 83 , 1 . 81 , and 1 . 80 A resolution , respectively . The position of the covalently trapped 2-F-glucosyl residue in the enzyme was similar to that in a 2-F-glucosyl intermediate complex of Os3BGlu7 ( rice BGlu1 ) . The side chain of methionine-251 in the mouth of the active site appeared to block the binding of extended beta- ( 1-->4 ) -linked oligosaccharides and interact with the hydrophobic aglycone of n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucopyranoside .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Radiographic predictors of disease severity in neonates and infants with necrotizing enterocolitis .
| | Author: Coursey CA Hollingsworth CL Wriston C Beam C Rice H Bisset G 3rd | | Journal: AJR Am J Roentgenol Citation: V : 193 P : 1408-13 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19843760 Accession (PMID): 19843760 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : The objective of our study was to validate a radiographic scale , the Duke abdominal assessment scale ( DAAS ) , as a tool for predicting the severity of disease in neonates and infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Study group patients ( n = 43 ) underwent at least two two-view abdominal radiographic series within 48 hours of surgical intervention for suspected NEC complications .
Control group patients ( n = 86 ) were patients with suspected NEC who did not undergo surgery for suspected NEC complications .
DAAS scores were assigned by two pediatric radiologists with 20 and 6 years experience .
RESULTS : The initial radiographs of 26 of 43 ( 60 . 5% ) patients in the study group showed fixed bowel loops ( 10/43 , 23 . 3% ) , highly probable or definite pneumatosis ( 9/43 , 20 . 9% ) , or portal venous gas ( 7/43 , 16 . 3% ) .
These findings had progressed to pneumoperitoneum on the follow-up series in 20 ( 46 . 5% ) study group patients .
Among the control group , three patients ( 3 . 5% ) had highly probable or definite pneumatosis , and none had fixed bowel loops , portal venous gas , or pneumoperitoneum .
Patients with higher DAAS scores were more likely to undergo surgical intervention than patients with lower scores ( odds ratio , 1 . 69 ; 95% CI , 1 . 40-2 . 03 ) .
A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good overall performance ( c statistic = 0 . 83 ) for predicting eventual surgical intervention in the study group with higher DAAS scores .
CONCLUSION : The DAAS provides a standardized 10-point radiographic scale that increases with disease severity when using need for surgical intervention as a surrogate for severe NEC .
For every 1-point increase in the DAAS score , patients were statistically significantly more likely to have severe disease as measured by need for surgical intervention .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Control group patients ( n = 86 ) were patients with suspected NEC who did not undergo surgery for suspected NEC complications . DAAS scores were assigned by two pediatric radiologists with 20 and 6 years experience . RESULTS : The initial radiographs of 26 of 43 ( 60 . 5% ) patients in the study group showed fixed bowel loops ( 10/43 , 23 . 3% ) , highly probable or definite pneumatosis ( 9/43 , 20 . 9% ) , or portal venous gas ( 7/43 , 16 . 3% ) . These findings had progressed to pneumoperitoneum on the follow-up series in 20 ( 46 . 5% ) study group patients . Among the control group , three patients ( 3 . 5% ) had highly probable or definite pneumatosis , and none had fixed bowel loops , portal venous gas , or pneumoperitoneum . Patients with higher DAAS scores were more likely to undergo surgical intervention than patients with lower scores ( odds ratio , 1 . 69 ; 95% CI , 1 . 40-2 . 03 ) . A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good overall performance ( c statistic = 0 . 83 ) for predicting eventual surgical intervention in the study group with higher DAAS scores . CONCLUSION : The DAAS provides a standardized 10-point radiographic scale that increases with disease severity when using need for surgical intervention as a surrogate for severe NEC . For every 1-point increase in the DAAS score , patients were statistically significantly more likely to have severe disease as measured by need for surgical intervention .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : The objective of our study was to validate a radiographic scale , the Duke abdominal assessment scale ( DAAS ) , as a tool for predicting the severity of disease in neonates and infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) . MATERIALS AND METHODS : Study group patients ( n = 43 ) underwent at least two two-view abdominal radiographic series within 48 hours of surgical intervention for suspected NEC complications . Control group patients ( n = 86 ) were patients with suspected NEC who did not undergo surgery for suspected NEC complications . DAAS scores were assigned by two pediatric radiologists with 20 and 6 years experience . RESULTS : The initial radiographs of 26 of 43 ( 60 . 5% ) patients in the study group showed fixed bowel loops ( 10/43 , 23 . 3% ) , highly probable or definite pneumatosis ( 9/43 , 20 . 9% ) , or portal venous gas ( 7/43 , 16 . 3% ) . These findings had progressed to pneumoperitoneum on the follow-up series in 20 ( 46 . 5% ) study group patients . Among the control group , three patients ( 3 . 5% ) had highly probable or definite pneumatosis , and none had fixed bowel loops , portal venous gas , or pneumoperitoneum . Patients with higher DAAS scores were more likely to undergo surgical intervention than patients with lower scores ( odds ratio , 1 . 69 ; 95% CI , 1 . 40-2 . 03 ) . A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good overall performance ( c statistic = 0 . 83 ) for predicting eventual surgical intervention in the study group with higher DAAS scores .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: MATERIALS AND METHODS : Study group patients ( n = 43 ) underwent at least two two-view abdominal radiographic series within 48 hours of surgical intervention for suspected NEC complications . Control group patients ( n = 86 ) were patients with suspected NEC who did not undergo surgery for suspected NEC complications . DAAS scores were assigned by two pediatric radiologists with 20 and 6 years experience . RESULTS : The initial radiographs of 26 of 43 ( 60 . 5% ) patients in the study group showed fixed bowel loops ( 10/43 , 23 . 3% ) , highly probable or definite pneumatosis ( 9/43 , 20 . 9% ) , or portal venous gas ( 7/43 , 16 . 3% ) . These findings had progressed to pneumoperitoneum on the follow-up series in 20 ( 46 . 5% ) study group patients . Among the control group , three patients ( 3 . 5% ) had highly probable or definite pneumatosis , and none had fixed bowel loops , portal venous gas , or pneumoperitoneum . Patients with higher DAAS scores were more likely to undergo surgical intervention than patients with lower scores ( odds ratio , 1 . 69 ; 95% CI , 1 . 40-2 . 03 ) . A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good overall performance ( c statistic = 0 . 83 ) for predicting eventual surgical intervention in the study group with higher DAAS scores . CONCLUSION : The DAAS provides a standardized 10-point radiographic scale that increases with disease severity when using need for surgical intervention as a surrogate for severe NEC .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Successful treatment of severe pneumocystis pneumonia with clindamycin-primaquine in an HIV-negative patient .
| | Author: Crisp HC Stewart IJ Blatz PJ Rice DH Okulicz JF | | Journal: South Med J Citation: V : 102 P : 1161-3 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19864989 Accession (PMID): 19864989 | | Abstract: Pneumocystis pneumonia is an increasingly recognized threat in non-HIV immunosuppressed patients and is associated with worse outcomes compared to HIV-infected patients .
The preferred first line treatment is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ; however , second line treatments for those intolerant of this regimen have been primarily studied in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) .
We report a case of Pneumocystis pneumonia in a 75-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) and a history of sulfa allergy successfully treated with clindamycin-primaquine .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pneumocystis pneumonia is an increasingly recognized threat in non-HIV immunosuppressed patients and is associated with worse outcomes compared to HIV-infected patients . The preferred first line treatment is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ; however , second line treatments for those intolerant of this regimen have been primarily studied in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . We report a case of Pneumocystis pneumonia in a 75-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) and a history of sulfa allergy successfully treated with clindamycin-primaquine .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pneumocystis pneumonia is an increasingly recognized threat in non-HIV immunosuppressed patients and is associated with worse outcomes compared to HIV-infected patients . The preferred first line treatment is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ; however , second line treatments for those intolerant of this regimen have been primarily studied in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . We report a case of Pneumocystis pneumonia in a 75-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) and a history of sulfa allergy successfully treated with clindamycin-primaquine .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Analysis of the molecular motif for inducing response to jasmonic acid and ethylene in Pib promoter via rice transformation ] .
| | Author: Yu L Yang SH Jin YK Wan JM Zhao BQ | | Journal: Yi Chuan Citation: V : 32 P : 73-80 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20085889 Accession (PMID): 20085889 | | Abstract: The expression of Pib gene in rice was induced by hormone , such as jasmonic acid and ethylene .
In order to determine the necessary regions of sequence or motifs for response to jasmonic acid and ethylene in Pib promoter , the full length promoter of Pib ( -3 , 572 approximately 2 bp ) and three different 5 deletion fragments of Pib promoter ( -2 , 692 approximately 2 bp , -1 , 335 approximately 2 bp , -761 approximately 2 bp ) were synthesized by PCR and then were substituted for 35S upstream gus in a binary plasmid to construct re-combined plasmids of Pib promoter-gus fusions .
Transgenic rice plants of the four recombined plasmids were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation .
Quality and quantum analysis of gus activities in transgenic plants at both protein and mRNA levels were conducted .
The promotion activity of the full length promoter of Pib ( -3 , 572 approximately 2 bp , pNAR901 ) was the highest in the four recombinants and the gus activities in its transgenic plant organs were enhanced obviously at 6 h after treatment with jasmonic acid or ethylene .
The promotion activity of the deleted Pib promoters was significantly decreased and the response to jasmonic acid or ethylene treatment was not present when the -3 , 572 approximately -2 , 692 bp sequence was knocked out from the Pib promoter .
Although the disparity in the lengths of the deleted Pib promoter of pNAR902 ( -2 , 692 approximately 2 bp ) , pNAR903 ( -1 , 335 approximately 2 bp ) , and pNAR904 ( -761 approximately 2 bp ) was more than 2 or 3 times , the response to jasmonic acid or ethylene treatment was not different among their transgenic plants .
All these results indicated that the common deleted sequences ( -3 , 572 approximately -2 , 692 bp ) in the three deleted Pib promoter constructs were the essential region to the response to jasmonic acid and ethylene treatment .
The result of pib promoter sequence searching indicated that there was only one GCCGCC motif at -2 , 722 bp of this common deleted segment in the Pib promoter sequence .
Our rice transgenic results showed that the GCCGCC may be a cis-motif for Pib gene conferring response to jasmonic acid and ethylene for Pib gene .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 3.00 ]: Transgenic rice plants of the four recombined plasmids were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation . Quality and quantum analysis of gus activities in transgenic plants at both protein and mRNA levels were conducted . The promotion activity of the full length promoter of Pib ( -3 , 572 approximately 2 bp , pNAR901 ) was the highest in the four recombinants and the gus activities in its transgenic plant organs were enhanced obviously at 6 h after treatment with jasmonic acid or ethylene . The promotion activity of the deleted Pib promoters was significantly decreased and the response to jasmonic acid or ethylene treatment was not present when the -3 , 572 approximately -2 , 692 bp sequence was knocked out from the Pib promoter . Although the disparity in the lengths of the deleted Pib promoter of pNAR902 ( -2 , 692 approximately 2 bp ) , pNAR903 ( -1 , 335 approximately 2 bp ) , and pNAR904 ( -761 approximately 2 bp ) was more than 2 or 3 times , the response to jasmonic acid or ethylene treatment was not different among their transgenic plants . All these results indicated that the common deleted sequences ( -3 , 572 approximately -2 , 692 bp ) in the three deleted Pib promoter constructs were the essential region to the response to jasmonic acid and ethylene treatment . The result of pib promoter sequence searching indicated that there was only one GCCGCC motif at -2 , 722 bp of this common deleted segment in the Pib promoter sequence . Our rice transgenic results showed that the GCCGCC may be a cis-motif for Pib gene conferring response to jasmonic acid and ethylene for Pib gene .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The expression of Pib gene in rice was induced by hormone , such as jasmonic acid and ethylene . In order to determine the necessary regions of sequence or motifs for response to jasmonic acid and ethylene in Pib promoter , the full length promoter of Pib ( -3 , 572 approximately 2 bp ) and three different 5 deletion fragments of Pib promoter ( -2 , 692 approximately 2 bp , -1 , 335 approximately 2 bp , -761 approximately 2 bp ) were synthesized by PCR and then were substituted for 35S upstream gus in a binary plasmid to construct re-combined plasmids of Pib promoter-gus fusions . Transgenic rice plants of the four recombined plasmids were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation . Quality and quantum analysis of gus activities in transgenic plants at both protein and mRNA levels were conducted . The promotion activity of the full length promoter of Pib ( -3 , 572 approximately 2 bp , pNAR901 ) was the highest in the four recombinants and the gus activities in its transgenic plant organs were enhanced obviously at 6 h after treatment with jasmonic acid or ethylene . The promotion activity of the deleted Pib promoters was significantly decreased and the response to jasmonic acid or ethylene treatment was not present when the -3 , 572 approximately -2 , 692 bp sequence was knocked out from the Pib promoter . Although the disparity in the lengths of the deleted Pib promoter of pNAR902 ( -2 , 692 approximately 2 bp ) , pNAR903 ( -1 , 335 approximately 2 bp ) , and pNAR904 ( -761 approximately 2 bp ) was more than 2 or 3 times , the response to jasmonic acid or ethylene treatment was not different among their transgenic plants . All these results indicated that the common deleted sequences ( -3 , 572 approximately -2 , 692 bp ) in the three deleted Pib promoter constructs were the essential region to the response to jasmonic acid and ethylene treatment . The result of pib promoter sequence searching indicated that there was only one GCCGCC motif at -2 , 722 bp of this common deleted segment in the Pib promoter sequence .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
|---|
| Title: Stable expression of rice dwarf virus Pns10 suppresses the post-transcriptional gene silencing in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants .
| | Author: Zhou P Ren B Zhang XM Wang Y Wei CH Li Y | | Journal: Acta Virol Citation: V : 54 P : 99-104 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20545438 Accession (PMID): 20545438 | Abstract: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism that defends against viral infection and retrotransposon activity for protection of the genome .
Segment 10 ( S10 ) of Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) encodes Pns10 protein , a viral suppressor of RNAi that suppresses the host RNA silencing machinery .
In this study , we obtained stable transgenic RDV-S10 Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Pns10 .
Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS ) by Pns10 supported the conclusion that this protein exhibited the RNA silencing suppressor activity .
In particular , the transgenic plants stably expressing a viral suppressor of RNAi ( VSR ) provide a model system for investigating the mechanism of RNA silencing .
Keywords : RNA silencing ; VSR ; Rice dwarf virus ; Pns10 ; transgenic plant .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism that defends against viral infection and retrotransposon activity for protection of the genome . Segment 10 ( S10 ) of Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) encodes Pns10 protein , a viral suppressor of RNAi that suppresses the host RNA silencing machinery . In this study , we obtained stable transgenic RDV-S10 Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Pns10 . Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS ) by Pns10 supported the conclusion that this protein exhibited the RNA silencing suppressor activity . In particular , the transgenic plants stably expressing a viral suppressor of RNAi ( VSR ) provide a model system for investigating the mechanism of RNA silencing .
Keywords : RNA silencing ; VSR ; Rice dwarf virus ; Pns10 ; transgenic plant .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism that defends against viral infection and retrotransposon activity for protection of the genome . Segment 10 ( S10 ) of Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) encodes Pns10 protein , a viral suppressor of RNAi that suppresses the host RNA silencing machinery . In this study , we obtained stable transgenic RDV-S10 Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Pns10 . Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS ) by Pns10 supported the conclusion that this protein exhibited the RNA silencing suppressor activity . In particular , the transgenic plants stably expressing a viral suppressor of RNAi ( VSR ) provide a model system for investigating the mechanism of RNA silencing .
Keywords : RNA silencing ; VSR ; Rice dwarf virus ; Pns10 ; transgenic plant .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism that defends against viral infection and retrotransposon activity for protection of the genome . Segment 10 ( S10 ) of Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) encodes Pns10 protein , a viral suppressor of RNAi that suppresses the host RNA silencing machinery . In this study , we obtained stable transgenic RDV-S10 Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Pns10 . Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS ) by Pns10 supported the conclusion that this protein exhibited the RNA silencing suppressor activity . In particular , the transgenic plants stably expressing a viral suppressor of RNAi ( VSR ) provide a model system for investigating the mechanism of RNA silencing .
Keywords : RNA silencing ; VSR ; Rice dwarf virus ; Pns10 ; transgenic plant .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism that defends against viral infection and retrotransposon activity for protection of the genome . Segment 10 ( S10 ) of Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) encodes Pns10 protein , a viral suppressor of RNAi that suppresses the host RNA silencing machinery . In this study , we obtained stable transgenic RDV-S10 Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Pns10 . Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS ) by Pns10 supported the conclusion that this protein exhibited the RNA silencing suppressor activity . In particular , the transgenic plants stably expressing a viral suppressor of RNAi ( VSR ) provide a model system for investigating the mechanism of RNA silencing .
Keywords : RNA silencing ; VSR ; Rice dwarf virus ; Pns10 ; transgenic plant .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
|---|
| Title: Multiple functions of Rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns10 in suppressing systemic RNA silencing .
| | Author: Ren B Guo Y Gao F Zhou P Wu F Meng Z Wei C Li Y | | Journal: J Virol Citation: V : 84 P : 12914-23 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20926568 Accession (PMID): 20926568 | | Abstract: RNA silencing is a potent mechanism of antiviral defense response in plants and other organisms .
For counterdefense , viruses have evolved a variety of suppressors of RNA silencing ( VSRs ) that can inhibit distinct steps of a silencing pathway .
We previously identified Pns10 encoded by Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) as a VSR , the first of its kind from double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses .
In this study we investigated the mechanisms of Pns10 function in suppressing systemic RNA silencing in the widely used Nicotiana benthamiana model plant .
We report that Pns10 suppresses local and systemic RNA silencing triggered by sense mRNA , enhances viral replication and/or viral RNA stability in inoculated leaves , accelerates the systemic spread of viral infection , and enables viral invasion of shoot apices .
Mechanistically , Pns10 interferes with the perception of silencing signals in recipient it issues , binds double-stranded small interfering RNA ( siRNAs ) with two-nucleotide 3 overhangs , and causes the downregulated expression of RDR6 .
These results significantly deepen our mechanistic understanding of the VSR functions encoded by a dsRNA virus and contribute additional evidence that binding siRNAs and interfering with RDR6 expression are broad mechanisms of VSR functions encoded by diverse groups of viruses .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a potent mechanism of antiviral defense response in plants and other organisms . For counterdefense , viruses have evolved a variety of suppressors of RNA silencing ( VSRs ) that can inhibit distinct steps of a silencing pathway . We previously identified Pns10 encoded by Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) as a VSR , the first of its kind from double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses . In this study we investigated the mechanisms of Pns10 function in suppressing systemic RNA silencing in the widely used Nicotiana benthamiana model plant . We report that Pns10 suppresses local and systemic RNA silencing triggered by sense mRNA , enhances viral replication and/or viral RNA stability in inoculated leaves , accelerates the systemic spread of viral infection , and enables viral invasion of shoot apices . Mechanistically , Pns10 interferes with the perception of silencing signals in recipient it issues , binds double-stranded small interfering RNA ( siRNAs ) with two-nucleotide 3 overhangs , and causes the downregulated expression of RDR6 . These results significantly deepen our mechanistic understanding of the VSR functions encoded by a dsRNA virus and contribute additional evidence that binding siRNAs and interfering with RDR6 expression are broad mechanisms of VSR functions encoded by diverse groups of viruses .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a potent mechanism of antiviral defense response in plants and other organisms . For counterdefense , viruses have evolved a variety of suppressors of RNA silencing ( VSRs ) that can inhibit distinct steps of a silencing pathway . We previously identified Pns10 encoded by Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) as a VSR , the first of its kind from double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses . In this study we investigated the mechanisms of Pns10 function in suppressing systemic RNA silencing in the widely used Nicotiana benthamiana model plant . We report that Pns10 suppresses local and systemic RNA silencing triggered by sense mRNA , enhances viral replication and/or viral RNA stability in inoculated leaves , accelerates the systemic spread of viral infection , and enables viral invasion of shoot apices . Mechanistically , Pns10 interferes with the perception of silencing signals in recipient it issues , binds double-stranded small interfering RNA ( siRNAs ) with two-nucleotide 3 overhangs , and causes the downregulated expression of RDR6 . These results significantly deepen our mechanistic understanding of the VSR functions encoded by a dsRNA virus and contribute additional evidence that binding siRNAs and interfering with RDR6 expression are broad mechanisms of VSR functions encoded by diverse groups of viruses .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA silencing is a potent mechanism of antiviral defense response in plants and other organisms . For counterdefense , viruses have evolved a variety of suppressors of RNA silencing ( VSRs ) that can inhibit distinct steps of a silencing pathway . We previously identified Pns10 encoded by Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) as a VSR , the first of its kind from double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses . In this study we investigated the mechanisms of Pns10 function in suppressing systemic RNA silencing in the widely used Nicotiana benthamiana model plant . We report that Pns10 suppresses local and systemic RNA silencing triggered by sense mRNA , enhances viral replication and/or viral RNA stability in inoculated leaves , accelerates the systemic spread of viral infection , and enables viral invasion of shoot apices . Mechanistically , Pns10 interferes with the perception of silencing signals in recipient it issues , binds double-stranded small interfering RNA ( siRNAs ) with two-nucleotide 3 overhangs , and causes the downregulated expression of RDR6 . These results significantly deepen our mechanistic understanding of the VSR functions encoded by a dsRNA virus and contribute additional evidence that binding siRNAs and interfering with RDR6 expression are broad mechanisms of VSR functions encoded by diverse groups of viruses .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: For counterdefense , viruses have evolved a variety of suppressors of RNA silencing ( VSRs ) that can inhibit distinct steps of a silencing pathway . We previously identified Pns10 encoded by Rice dwarf phytoreovirus ( RDV ) as a VSR , the first of its kind from double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) viruses . In this study we investigated the mechanisms of Pns10 function in suppressing systemic RNA silencing in the widely used Nicotiana benthamiana model plant . We report that Pns10 suppresses local and systemic RNA silencing triggered by sense mRNA , enhances viral replication and/or viral RNA stability in inoculated leaves , accelerates the systemic spread of viral infection , and enables viral invasion of shoot apices . Mechanistically , Pns10 interferes with the perception of silencing signals in recipient it issues , binds double-stranded small interfering RNA ( siRNAs ) with two-nucleotide 3 overhangs , and causes the downregulated expression of RDR6 . These results significantly deepen our mechanistic understanding of the VSR functions encoded by a dsRNA virus and contribute additional evidence that binding siRNAs and interfering with RDR6 expression are broad mechanisms of VSR functions encoded by diverse groups of viruses .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
|---|
| Title: Improved cellular specificity of plasmonic nanobubbles versus nanoparticles in heterogeneous cell systems .
| | Author: Lukianova-Hleb EY Ren X Constantinou PE Danysh BP Shenefelt DL Carson DD Farach-Carson MC Kulchitsky VA Wu X Wagner DS Lapotko DO | | Journal: PLoS One Citation: V : 7 P : e34537 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22509318 Accession (PMID): 22509318 | | Abstract: The limited specificity of nanoparticle ( NP ) uptake by target cells associated with a disease is one of the principal challenges of nanomedicine .
Using the threshold mechanism of plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) generation and enhanced accumulation and clustering of gold nanoparticles in target cells , we increased the specificity of PNB generation and detection in target versus non-target cells by more than one order of magnitude compared to the specificity of NP uptake by the same cells .
This improved cellular specificity of PNBs was demonstrated in six different cell models representing diverse molecular targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor , CD3 receptor , prostate specific membrane antigen and mucin molecule MUC1 .
Thus PNBs may be a universal method and nano-agent that overcome the problem of non-specific uptake of NPs by non-target cells and improve the specificity of NP-based diagnostics , therapeutics and theranostics at the cell level .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The limited specificity of nanoparticle ( NP ) uptake by target cells associated with a disease is one of the principal challenges of nanomedicine . Using the threshold mechanism of plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) generation and enhanced accumulation and clustering of gold nanoparticles in target cells , we increased the specificity of PNB generation and detection in target versus non-target cells by more than one order of magnitude compared to the specificity of NP uptake by the same cells . This improved cellular specificity of PNBs was demonstrated in six different cell models representing diverse molecular targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor , CD3 receptor , prostate specific membrane antigen and mucin molecule MUC1 . Thus PNBs may be a universal method and nano-agent that overcome the problem of non-specific uptake of NPs by non-target cells and improve the specificity of NP-based diagnostics , therapeutics and theranostics at the cell level .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The limited specificity of nanoparticle ( NP ) uptake by target cells associated with a disease is one of the principal challenges of nanomedicine . Using the threshold mechanism of plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) generation and enhanced accumulation and clustering of gold nanoparticles in target cells , we increased the specificity of PNB generation and detection in target versus non-target cells by more than one order of magnitude compared to the specificity of NP uptake by the same cells . This improved cellular specificity of PNBs was demonstrated in six different cell models representing diverse molecular targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor , CD3 receptor , prostate specific membrane antigen and mucin molecule MUC1 . Thus PNBs may be a universal method and nano-agent that overcome the problem of non-specific uptake of NPs by non-target cells and improve the specificity of NP-based diagnostics , therapeutics and theranostics at the cell level .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The limited specificity of nanoparticle ( NP ) uptake by target cells associated with a disease is one of the principal challenges of nanomedicine . Using the threshold mechanism of plasmonic nanobubble ( PNB ) generation and enhanced accumulation and clustering of gold nanoparticles in target cells , we increased the specificity of PNB generation and detection in target versus non-target cells by more than one order of magnitude compared to the specificity of NP uptake by the same cells . This improved cellular specificity of PNBs was demonstrated in six different cell models representing diverse molecular targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor , CD3 receptor , prostate specific membrane antigen and mucin molecule MUC1 . Thus PNBs may be a universal method and nano-agent that overcome the problem of non-specific uptake of NPs by non-target cells and improve the specificity of NP-based diagnostics , therapeutics and theranostics at the cell level .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
|---|
| Title: Characterization of a DNA sequence that detects repetitive DNA elements in the Asian rice gall midge ( Orseolia oryzae ) genome : potential use in DNA fingerprinting of biotypes .
| | Author: Ehtesham NZ Bentur JS Bennett J | | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 153 ( 2 ) P : 179-83 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7875586 Accession (PMID): 7875586 | | Abstract: We have isolated based on reverse genome hybridization , and sequenced a DNA clone , pNZE25 , from a partial genomic library of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae ( Wood-Mason ) ( Oo . ) .
Clone pNZE25 is highly A+T rich ( 67% ) , lacks any open reading frame and does not display homology to sequences in GenBank .
Clone pNZE25 detects a 120-bp repeat in the Oo . genome , as seen from the generation of a 120-bp ladder after Southern analysis of HinfI-digested genomic DNA .
When used to probe Oo . genomic DNA digested with DraI , HaeIII or AluI , pNZE25 generates individual specific DNA fingerprints on target DNA isolated from gall midge biotypes collected from different parts of India . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have isolated based on reverse genome hybridization , and sequenced a DNA clone , pNZE25 , from a partial genomic library of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae ( Wood-Mason ) ( Oo . ) . Clone pNZE25 is highly A+T rich ( 67% ) , lacks any open reading frame and does not display homology to sequences in GenBank . Clone pNZE25 detects a 120-bp repeat in the Oo . genome , as seen from the generation of a 120-bp ladder after Southern analysis of HinfI-digested genomic DNA . When used to probe Oo . genomic DNA digested with DraI , HaeIII or AluI , pNZE25 generates individual specific DNA fingerprints on target DNA isolated from gall midge biotypes collected from different parts of India .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have isolated based on reverse genome hybridization , and sequenced a DNA clone , pNZE25 , from a partial genomic library of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae ( Wood-Mason ) ( Oo . ) . Clone pNZE25 is highly A+T rich ( 67% ) , lacks any open reading frame and does not display homology to sequences in GenBank . Clone pNZE25 detects a 120-bp repeat in the Oo . genome , as seen from the generation of a 120-bp ladder after Southern analysis of HinfI-digested genomic DNA . When used to probe Oo . genomic DNA digested with DraI , HaeIII or AluI , pNZE25 generates individual specific DNA fingerprints on target DNA isolated from gall midge biotypes collected from different parts of India .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have isolated based on reverse genome hybridization , and sequenced a DNA clone , pNZE25 , from a partial genomic library of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae ( Wood-Mason ) ( Oo . ) . Clone pNZE25 is highly A+T rich ( 67% ) , lacks any open reading frame and does not display homology to sequences in GenBank . Clone pNZE25 detects a 120-bp repeat in the Oo . genome , as seen from the generation of a 120-bp ladder after Southern analysis of HinfI-digested genomic DNA . When used to probe Oo . genomic DNA digested with DraI , HaeIII or AluI , pNZE25 generates individual specific DNA fingerprints on target DNA isolated from gall midge biotypes collected from different parts of India .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have isolated based on reverse genome hybridization , and sequenced a DNA clone , pNZE25 , from a partial genomic library of the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae ( Wood-Mason ) ( Oo . ) . Clone pNZE25 is highly A+T rich ( 67% ) , lacks any open reading frame and does not display homology to sequences in GenBank . Clone pNZE25 detects a 120-bp repeat in the Oo . genome , as seen from the generation of a 120-bp ladder after Southern analysis of HinfI-digested genomic DNA . When used to probe Oo . genomic DNA digested with DraI , HaeIII or AluI , pNZE25 generates individual specific DNA fingerprints on target DNA isolated from gall midge biotypes collected from different parts of India .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
|---|
| Title: Glutelin basic subunits have a mammalian mucin-type O-linked disaccharide side chain .
| | Author: Kishimoto T Watanabe M Mitsui T Hori H | | Journal: Arch . Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 370 ( 2 ) P : 271-7 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10510286 Accession (PMID): 10510286 | | Abstract: Characterization was done on the sugar chains of glutelin , a major storage protein in rice seeds .
The basic subunits of glutelin were shown to be glycoproteins by staining with PAS and the lectins concanavalin A ( Con A ) and peanut agglutinin ( PNA ) .
The binding of PNA to the basic subunits was substantially reduced by treatment of the glutelin with NaIO4 , NaOH , or O-glycanase .
The sugar chains of the subunits , obtained by hydrazinolysis and O-glycanase , were pyridylaminated and subjected to 2-dimensional HPLC analysis using C ( 18 ) and acrylamide-derivatized columns .
It was found that the Galbeta-1 , 3GalNAc disaccharide , which was previously identified as a core 1 structure of mucin-type sugar chains , is conjugated to the glutelin subunits .
Furthermore , amino acid sequencing of an 11-kDa peptide of the subunits , recognized by both PNA and Con A , suggested that both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation occurs in the carboxy-terminal region of these subunits . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Characterization was done on the sugar chains of glutelin , a major storage protein in rice seeds . The basic subunits of glutelin were shown to be glycoproteins by staining with PAS and the lectins concanavalin A ( Con A ) and peanut agglutinin ( PNA ) . The binding of PNA to the basic subunits was substantially reduced by treatment of the glutelin with NaIO4 , NaOH , or O-glycanase . The sugar chains of the subunits , obtained by hydrazinolysis and O-glycanase , were pyridylaminated and subjected to 2-dimensional HPLC analysis using C ( 18 ) and acrylamide-derivatized columns . It was found that the Galbeta-1 , 3GalNAc disaccharide , which was previously identified as a core 1 structure of mucin-type sugar chains , is conjugated to the glutelin subunits . Furthermore , amino acid sequencing of an 11-kDa peptide of the subunits , recognized by both PNA and Con A , suggested that both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation occurs in the carboxy-terminal region of these subunits .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Characterization was done on the sugar chains of glutelin , a major storage protein in rice seeds . The basic subunits of glutelin were shown to be glycoproteins by staining with PAS and the lectins concanavalin A ( Con A ) and peanut agglutinin ( PNA ) . The binding of PNA to the basic subunits was substantially reduced by treatment of the glutelin with NaIO4 , NaOH , or O-glycanase . The sugar chains of the subunits , obtained by hydrazinolysis and O-glycanase , were pyridylaminated and subjected to 2-dimensional HPLC analysis using C ( 18 ) and acrylamide-derivatized columns . It was found that the Galbeta-1 , 3GalNAc disaccharide , which was previously identified as a core 1 structure of mucin-type sugar chains , is conjugated to the glutelin subunits . Furthermore , amino acid sequencing of an 11-kDa peptide of the subunits , recognized by both PNA and Con A , suggested that both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation occurs in the carboxy-terminal region of these subunits .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The basic subunits of glutelin were shown to be glycoproteins by staining with PAS and the lectins concanavalin A ( Con A ) and peanut agglutinin ( PNA ) . The binding of PNA to the basic subunits was substantially reduced by treatment of the glutelin with NaIO4 , NaOH , or O-glycanase . The sugar chains of the subunits , obtained by hydrazinolysis and O-glycanase , were pyridylaminated and subjected to 2-dimensional HPLC analysis using C ( 18 ) and acrylamide-derivatized columns . It was found that the Galbeta-1 , 3GalNAc disaccharide , which was previously identified as a core 1 structure of mucin-type sugar chains , is conjugated to the glutelin subunits . Furthermore , amino acid sequencing of an 11-kDa peptide of the subunits , recognized by both PNA and Con A , suggested that both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation occurs in the carboxy-terminal region of these subunits .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
|---|
| Title: Sequencing of the rpoB gene in Legionella pneumophila and characterization of mutations associated with rifampin resistance in the Legionellaceae .
| | Author: Nielsen K Hindersson P Hoiby N Bangsborg JM .
| | Journal: Antimicrob .
Agents Chemother .
Citation: V : 44 ( 10 ) P : 2679-83 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10991843 Accession (PMID): 10991843 | | Abstract: Rifampin in combination with erythromycin is a recommended treatment for severe cases of legionellosis .
Mutations in the rpoB gene are known to cause rifampin resistance in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible similar resistance mechanism within the members of the family Legionellaceae .
Since the RNA polymerase genes of this genus have never been characterized , the DNA sequence of the Legionella pneumophila rpoB gene was determined by the Vectorette technique for genome walking .
A 4 , 647-bp DNA sequence that contained the open reading frame ( ORF ) of the rpoB gene ( 4 , 104 bp ) and an ORF of 384 bp representing part of the rpoC gene was obtained .
A 316-bp DNA fragment in the center of the L pneumophila rpoB gene , corresponding to a previously described site for mutations leading to rifampin resistance in M tuberculosis , was sequenced from 18 rifampin-resistant Legionella isolates representing four species ( L bozemanii , L longbeachae , L micdadei , and L pneumophila ) , and the sequences were compared to the sequences of the fragments from the parent ( rifampin-sensitive ) strains .
Six single-base mutations which led to amino acid substitutions at five different positions were identified .
A single strain did not contain any mutations in the 316-bp fragment .
This study represents the characterization of a hitherto undescribed resistance mechanism within the family Legionellaceae . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rifampin in combination with erythromycin is a recommended treatment for severe cases of legionellosis . Mutations in the rpoB gene are known to cause rifampin resistance in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible similar resistance mechanism within the members of the family Legionellaceae . Since the RNA polymerase genes of this genus have never been characterized , the DNA sequence of the Legionella pneumophila rpoB gene was determined by the Vectorette technique for genome walking . A 4 , 647-bp DNA sequence that contained the open reading frame ( ORF ) of the rpoB gene ( 4 , 104 bp ) and an ORF of 384 bp representing part of the rpoC gene was obtained . A 316-bp DNA fragment in the center of the L pneumophila rpoB gene , corresponding to a previously described site for mutations leading to rifampin resistance in M tuberculosis , was sequenced from 18 rifampin-resistant Legionella isolates representing four species ( L bozemanii , L longbeachae , L micdadei , and L pneumophila ) , and the sequences were compared to the sequences of the fragments from the parent ( rifampin-sensitive ) strains . Six single-base mutations which led to amino acid substitutions at five different positions were identified . A single strain did not contain any mutations in the 316-bp fragment . This study represents the characterization of a hitherto undescribed resistance mechanism within the family Legionellaceae .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rifampin in combination with erythromycin is a recommended treatment for severe cases of legionellosis . Mutations in the rpoB gene are known to cause rifampin resistance in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible similar resistance mechanism within the members of the family Legionellaceae . Since the RNA polymerase genes of this genus have never been characterized , the DNA sequence of the Legionella pneumophila rpoB gene was determined by the Vectorette technique for genome walking . A 4 , 647-bp DNA sequence that contained the open reading frame ( ORF ) of the rpoB gene ( 4 , 104 bp ) and an ORF of 384 bp representing part of the rpoC gene was obtained . A 316-bp DNA fragment in the center of the L pneumophila rpoB gene , corresponding to a previously described site for mutations leading to rifampin resistance in M tuberculosis , was sequenced from 18 rifampin-resistant Legionella isolates representing four species ( L bozemanii , L longbeachae , L micdadei , and L pneumophila ) , and the sequences were compared to the sequences of the fragments from the parent ( rifampin-sensitive ) strains . Six single-base mutations which led to amino acid substitutions at five different positions were identified . A single strain did not contain any mutations in the 316-bp fragment .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
