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Score: 6.00 | Title: Expression of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene during drought in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| Author: Choudhary NL Sairam RK Tyagi A | Journal: Indian J Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 42 ( 6 ) P : 366-70 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16955737 Accession (PMID): 16955737 | Abstract: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied .
A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes , whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones .
Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes .
Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity .
The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied . A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes , whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones . Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes . Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity . The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied . A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes , whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones . Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes . Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity . The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied . A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes , whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones . Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes . Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity . The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied . A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes , whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones . Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes . Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity . The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan .
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Score: 4.00 | Title: Biosynthetic Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline and Its Relationship with Delta ( 1 ) -Pyrroline-5-carboxylic Acid and Methylglyoxal in Aromatic Rice ( Oryza sativa L ) Callus .
| Author: Huang TC Teng CS Chang JL Chuang HS Ho CT Wu ML | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18680302 Accession (PMID): 18680302 | Abstract: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline ( 2-AP ) was identified as the major flavor compound in aromatic rice varieties Tainung 71 and 72 .
In order to understand the mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis in aromatic rice , we studied the formation of putative precursors , Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal The endogenous Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid contents of Tainung 71 and 72 calli reached 191 to 276% , compared to nonaromatic rice Tainung 67 .
In addition , calli of Tainung 71 and 72 contained 1 . 30 and 1 . 36-fold , respectively , higher methylglyoxal levels than that of Tainung 67 .
Specific enzyme activities of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-synthetic enzyme including Delta ( 1 ) -pyrolline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase ( P5CS ) and ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) increased significantly in aromatic rice varieties .
The expression levels of P5CS1 and P5CS2 genes were found to be significantly higher in aromatic rice than nonaromatic rice .
Results of a tracer experiment with ( 15 ) N-labeled glutamic acid revealed that the nitrogen atom of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline was derived from glutamic acid .
Upregulation of P5CS in aromatic rice Tainung 72 may contribute to the increase of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid level and thus leads to the accumulation of an extra amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline ( 2-AP ) was identified as the major flavor compound in aromatic rice varieties Tainung 71 and 72 . In order to understand the mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis in aromatic rice , we studied the formation of putative precursors , Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal The endogenous Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid contents of Tainung 71 and 72 calli reached 191 to 276% , compared to nonaromatic rice Tainung 67 . In addition , calli of Tainung 71 and 72 contained 1 . 30 and 1 . 36-fold , respectively , higher methylglyoxal levels than that of Tainung 67 . Specific enzyme activities of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-synthetic enzyme including Delta ( 1 ) -pyrolline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase ( P5CS ) and ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) increased significantly in aromatic rice varieties . The expression levels of P5CS1 and P5CS2 genes were found to be significantly higher in aromatic rice than nonaromatic rice . Results of a tracer experiment with ( 15 ) N-labeled glutamic acid revealed that the nitrogen atom of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline was derived from glutamic acid . Upregulation of P5CS in aromatic rice Tainung 72 may contribute to the increase of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid level and thus leads to the accumulation of an extra amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline ( 2-AP ) was identified as the major flavor compound in aromatic rice varieties Tainung 71 and 72 . In order to understand the mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis in aromatic rice , we studied the formation of putative precursors , Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal The endogenous Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid contents of Tainung 71 and 72 calli reached 191 to 276% , compared to nonaromatic rice Tainung 67 . In addition , calli of Tainung 71 and 72 contained 1 . 30 and 1 . 36-fold , respectively , higher methylglyoxal levels than that of Tainung 67 . Specific enzyme activities of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-synthetic enzyme including Delta ( 1 ) -pyrolline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase ( P5CS ) and ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) increased significantly in aromatic rice varieties . The expression levels of P5CS1 and P5CS2 genes were found to be significantly higher in aromatic rice than nonaromatic rice . Results of a tracer experiment with ( 15 ) N-labeled glutamic acid revealed that the nitrogen atom of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline was derived from glutamic acid . Upregulation of P5CS in aromatic rice Tainung 72 may contribute to the increase of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid level and thus leads to the accumulation of an extra amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline ( 2-AP ) was identified as the major flavor compound in aromatic rice varieties Tainung 71 and 72 . In order to understand the mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis in aromatic rice , we studied the formation of putative precursors , Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal The endogenous Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid contents of Tainung 71 and 72 calli reached 191 to 276% , compared to nonaromatic rice Tainung 67 . In addition , calli of Tainung 71 and 72 contained 1 . 30 and 1 . 36-fold , respectively , higher methylglyoxal levels than that of Tainung 67 . Specific enzyme activities of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-synthetic enzyme including Delta ( 1 ) -pyrolline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase ( P5CS ) and ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) increased significantly in aromatic rice varieties . The expression levels of P5CS1 and P5CS2 genes were found to be significantly higher in aromatic rice than nonaromatic rice . Results of a tracer experiment with ( 15 ) N-labeled glutamic acid revealed that the nitrogen atom of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline was derived from glutamic acid . Upregulation of P5CS in aromatic rice Tainung 72 may contribute to the increase of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid level and thus leads to the accumulation of an extra amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline .
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Score: 4.00 | Title: Characterization of the gene for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and correlation between the expression of the gene and salt tolerance in Oryza sativa L | Author: Igarashi Y Yoshiba Y Sanada Y Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K Wada K Shinozaki K | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 33 ( 5 ) P : 857-65 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9106509 Accession (PMID): 9106509 | Abstract: A cDNA for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ( P5C ) synthetase ( cOsP5CS ) , an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline , was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library prepared from 14-day-old seedlings of Oryza sativa cv .
Akibare .
The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein ( OsP5CS ) from O sativa exhibited 74 . 2% and 75 . 5% homology to that of the P5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna aconitifolia , respectively .
Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS ( OsP5CS ) was induced by high salt , dehydration , treatment of ABA and cold treatment , while it was not induced by heat treatment .
Simultaneously , accumulation of proline was observed as a result of high salt treatment in O sativa .
Moreover , the levels of expression of OsP5CS mRNA and content of proline under salt stress condition were compared between a salt-tolerant cultivar , Dee-gee-woo-gen ( DGWG ) and a salt-sensitive breeding line , IR28 .
It was observed that the expression of the P5CS gene and the accumulation of proline in DGWG steadily increased , whereas those in IR28 increased slightly . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: A cDNA for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ( P5C ) synthetase ( cOsP5CS ) , an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline , was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library prepared from 14-day-old seedlings of Oryza sativa cv . Akibare . The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein ( OsP5CS ) from O sativa exhibited 74 . 2% and 75 . 5% homology to that of the P5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna aconitifolia , respectively . Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS ( OsP5CS ) was induced by high salt , dehydration , treatment of ABA and cold treatment , while it was not induced by heat treatment . Simultaneously , accumulation of proline was observed as a result of high salt treatment in O sativa . Moreover , the levels of expression of OsP5CS mRNA and content of proline under salt stress condition were compared between a salt-tolerant cultivar , Dee-gee-woo-gen ( DGWG ) and a salt-sensitive breeding line , IR28 . It was observed that the expression of the P5CS gene and the accumulation of proline in DGWG steadily increased , whereas those in IR28 increased slightly . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A cDNA for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ( P5C ) synthetase ( cOsP5CS ) , an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline , was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library prepared from 14-day-old seedlings of Oryza sativa cv . Akibare . The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein ( OsP5CS ) from O sativa exhibited 74 . 2% and 75 . 5% homology to that of the P5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna aconitifolia , respectively . Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS ( OsP5CS ) was induced by high salt , dehydration , treatment of ABA and cold treatment , while it was not induced by heat treatment . Simultaneously , accumulation of proline was observed as a result of high salt treatment in O sativa . Moreover , the levels of expression of OsP5CS mRNA and content of proline under salt stress condition were compared between a salt-tolerant cultivar , Dee-gee-woo-gen ( DGWG ) and a salt-sensitive breeding line , IR28 . It was observed that the expression of the P5CS gene and the accumulation of proline in DGWG steadily increased , whereas those in IR28 increased slightly . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A cDNA for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ( P5C ) synthetase ( cOsP5CS ) , an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline , was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library prepared from 14-day-old seedlings of Oryza sativa cv . Akibare . The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein ( OsP5CS ) from O sativa exhibited 74 . 2% and 75 . 5% homology to that of the P5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna aconitifolia , respectively . Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS ( OsP5CS ) was induced by high salt , dehydration , treatment of ABA and cold treatment , while it was not induced by heat treatment . Simultaneously , accumulation of proline was observed as a result of high salt treatment in O sativa . Moreover , the levels of expression of OsP5CS mRNA and content of proline under salt stress condition were compared between a salt-tolerant cultivar , Dee-gee-woo-gen ( DGWG ) and a salt-sensitive breeding line , IR28 . It was observed that the expression of the P5CS gene and the accumulation of proline in DGWG steadily increased , whereas those in IR28 increased slightly .
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Score: 3.00 | Title: Exogenous proline and trehalose promote recovery of rice seedlings from salt-stress and differentially modulate antioxidant enzymes and expression of related genes .
| Author: Nounjan N Nghia PT Theerakulpisut P | Journal: J Plant Physiol Citation: V : 169 P : 596-604 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22317787 Accession (PMID): 22317787 | Abstract: Proline ( Pro ) and Trehalose ( Tre ) function as compatible solutes and are upregulated in plants under abiotic stress .
They play an osmoprotective role in physiological responses , enabling the plants to better tolerate the adverse effects of abiotic stress .
We investigated the effect of exogenous Pro and Tre ( 10 mM ) in seedlings of Thai aromatic rice ( cv .
KDML105 ; salt-sensitive ) during salt stress and subsequent recovery .
Salt stress ( S , NaCl ) resulted in growth reduction , increase in the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes ( pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase , P5CS ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase , P5CR ) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , increased activity of antioxidative enzymes ( superoxide dismutase , SOD ; peroxidase , POX ; ascorbate peroxidase , APX ; catalase , CAT ) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( Cu/ZnSOD , MnSOD , CytAPX , CatC ) .
Under salt stress , exogenous Pro ( PS ; Pro+NaCl ) reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR , but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes .
The transcription of genes encoding several antioxidant enzymes was upregulated .
Exogenous Tre ( TS ; Tre+NaCl ) also reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio and strongly decreased endogenous Pro .
Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated , the activities of SOD and POX decreased , the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated .
Although exogenous osmoprotectants did not alleviate growth inhibition during salt stress , they exhibited a pronounced beneficial effect during recovery period showing higher percentage of growth recovery in PS ( 162 . 38% ) and TS ( 98 . 43% ) compared with S ( 3 . 68% ) .
During recovery , plants treated with PS showed a much greater reduction in endogenous Pro than NaCl-treated ( S ) or Tre-treated plants ( TS ) .
Increase in CAT activity was most related to significant reduction in H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) , particularly in the case of PS-treated plants .
Advantageous effects of Pro were also associated with increase in APX activity during recovery .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Proline ( Pro ) and Trehalose ( Tre ) function as compatible solutes and are upregulated in plants under abiotic stress . They play an osmoprotective role in physiological responses , enabling the plants to better tolerate the adverse effects of abiotic stress . We investigated the effect of exogenous Pro and Tre ( 10 mM ) in seedlings of Thai aromatic rice ( cv . KDML105 ; salt-sensitive ) during salt stress and subsequent recovery . Salt stress ( S , NaCl ) resulted in growth reduction , increase in the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes ( pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase , P5CS ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase , P5CR ) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , increased activity of antioxidative enzymes ( superoxide dismutase , SOD ; peroxidase , POX ; ascorbate peroxidase , APX ; catalase , CAT ) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( Cu/ZnSOD , MnSOD , CytAPX , CatC ) . Under salt stress , exogenous Pro ( PS ; Pro+NaCl ) reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR , but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes . The transcription of genes encoding several antioxidant enzymes was upregulated . Exogenous Tre ( TS ; Tre+NaCl ) also reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio and strongly decreased endogenous Pro . Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated , the activities of SOD and POX decreased , the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated . Although exogenous osmoprotectants did not alleviate growth inhibition during salt stress , they exhibited a pronounced beneficial effect during recovery period showing higher percentage of growth recovery in PS ( 162 . 38% ) and TS ( 98 . 43% ) compared with S ( 3 . 68% ) . During recovery , plants treated with PS showed a much greater reduction in endogenous Pro than NaCl-treated ( S ) or Tre-treated plants ( TS ) . Increase in CAT activity was most related to significant reduction in H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) , particularly in the case of PS-treated plants . Advantageous effects of Pro were also associated with increase in APX activity during recovery . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Proline ( Pro ) and Trehalose ( Tre ) function as compatible solutes and are upregulated in plants under abiotic stress . They play an osmoprotective role in physiological responses , enabling the plants to better tolerate the adverse effects of abiotic stress . We investigated the effect of exogenous Pro and Tre ( 10 mM ) in seedlings of Thai aromatic rice ( cv . KDML105 ; salt-sensitive ) during salt stress and subsequent recovery . Salt stress ( S , NaCl ) resulted in growth reduction , increase in the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes ( pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase , P5CS ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase , P5CR ) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , increased activity of antioxidative enzymes ( superoxide dismutase , SOD ; peroxidase , POX ; ascorbate peroxidase , APX ; catalase , CAT ) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( Cu/ZnSOD , MnSOD , CytAPX , CatC ) . Under salt stress , exogenous Pro ( PS ; Pro+NaCl ) reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR , but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes . The transcription of genes encoding several antioxidant enzymes was upregulated . Exogenous Tre ( TS ; Tre+NaCl ) also reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio and strongly decreased endogenous Pro . Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated , the activities of SOD and POX decreased , the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated . Although exogenous osmoprotectants did not alleviate growth inhibition during salt stress , they exhibited a pronounced beneficial effect during recovery period showing higher percentage of growth recovery in PS ( 162 . 38% ) and TS ( 98 . 43% ) compared with S ( 3 . 68% ) . During recovery , plants treated with PS showed a much greater reduction in endogenous Pro than NaCl-treated ( S ) or Tre-treated plants ( TS ) . Increase in CAT activity was most related to significant reduction in H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) , particularly in the case of PS-treated plants . Advantageous effects of Pro were also associated with increase in APX activity during recovery . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Proline ( Pro ) and Trehalose ( Tre ) function as compatible solutes and are upregulated in plants under abiotic stress . They play an osmoprotective role in physiological responses , enabling the plants to better tolerate the adverse effects of abiotic stress . We investigated the effect of exogenous Pro and Tre ( 10 mM ) in seedlings of Thai aromatic rice ( cv . KDML105 ; salt-sensitive ) during salt stress and subsequent recovery . Salt stress ( S , NaCl ) resulted in growth reduction , increase in the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes ( pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase , P5CS ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase , P5CR ) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , increased activity of antioxidative enzymes ( superoxide dismutase , SOD ; peroxidase , POX ; ascorbate peroxidase , APX ; catalase , CAT ) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( Cu/ZnSOD , MnSOD , CytAPX , CatC ) . Under salt stress , exogenous Pro ( PS ; Pro+NaCl ) reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR , but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes . The transcription of genes encoding several antioxidant enzymes was upregulated . Exogenous Tre ( TS ; Tre+NaCl ) also reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio and strongly decreased endogenous Pro . Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated , the activities of SOD and POX decreased , the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated . Although exogenous osmoprotectants did not alleviate growth inhibition during salt stress , they exhibited a pronounced beneficial effect during recovery period showing higher percentage of growth recovery in PS ( 162 . 38% ) and TS ( 98 . 43% ) compared with S ( 3 . 68% ) . During recovery , plants treated with PS showed a much greater reduction in endogenous Pro than NaCl-treated ( S ) or Tre-treated plants ( TS ) . Increase in CAT activity was most related to significant reduction in H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) , particularly in the case of PS-treated plants . Advantageous effects of Pro were also associated with increase in APX activity during recovery .
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Score: 2.00 | Title: Overexpression of maize mitogen-activated protein kinase gene , ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis increases tolerance to salt stress .
| Author: Gu L Liu Y Zong X Liu L Li DP Li DQ | Journal: Mol Biol Rep Citation: V : 37 P : 4067-73 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20339925 Accession (PMID): 20339925 | Abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play a remarkably crucial role in plants .
It has been studied intensively in model plants Arabidopsis , tobacco and rice .
However , the function of MAPKs in maize ( Zea mays L ) has not been well documented .
ZmSIMK1 ( Zea mays salt-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 ) is a previously identified MAPK gene in maize .
In this research , we charactered ZmSIMK1 and showed that ZmSIMK1 was involved in Arabidopsis salt stress .
The genomic organization of ZmSIMK1 gene and its expression in maize have been analyzed .
In order to investigate the function of ZmSIMK1 , we generated transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively overexpressing ZmSIMK1 .
Ectopic expression of ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance against salt stress .
Importantly , ZmSIMK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited constitutive expression of stress-responsive marker genes , RD29A and P5CS1 .
Furthermore , RD29A and P5CS1 were upregulated under salt stress .
These results suggest that ZmSIMK1 may play an important role in plant salt stress .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play a remarkably crucial role in plants . It has been studied intensively in model plants Arabidopsis , tobacco and rice . However , the function of MAPKs in maize ( Zea mays L ) has not been well documented . ZmSIMK1 ( Zea mays salt-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 ) is a previously identified MAPK gene in maize . In this research , we charactered ZmSIMK1 and showed that ZmSIMK1 was involved in Arabidopsis salt stress . The genomic organization of ZmSIMK1 gene and its expression in maize have been analyzed . In order to investigate the function of ZmSIMK1 , we generated transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively overexpressing ZmSIMK1 . Ectopic expression of ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance against salt stress . Importantly , ZmSIMK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited constitutive expression of stress-responsive marker genes , RD29A and P5CS1 . Furthermore , RD29A and P5CS1 were upregulated under salt stress . These results suggest that ZmSIMK1 may play an important role in plant salt stress . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play a remarkably crucial role in plants . It has been studied intensively in model plants Arabidopsis , tobacco and rice . However , the function of MAPKs in maize ( Zea mays L ) has not been well documented . ZmSIMK1 ( Zea mays salt-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 ) is a previously identified MAPK gene in maize . In this research , we charactered ZmSIMK1 and showed that ZmSIMK1 was involved in Arabidopsis salt stress . The genomic organization of ZmSIMK1 gene and its expression in maize have been analyzed . In order to investigate the function of ZmSIMK1 , we generated transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively overexpressing ZmSIMK1 . Ectopic expression of ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance against salt stress . Importantly , ZmSIMK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited constitutive expression of stress-responsive marker genes , RD29A and P5CS1 . Furthermore , RD29A and P5CS1 were upregulated under salt stress . These results suggest that ZmSIMK1 may play an important role in plant salt stress .
| Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |