16143 matches found in 10766 documents. Search time: 2.31 seconds. |
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Score: 19.00 | Title: Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed : the role of animal feeding trials .
| Author: | Year: 2008 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18328408 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The general principles for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed are followed , as described in the EFSA guidance document of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms . [ Sen. 34, subscore: 2.00 ]: With respect to the detection of potential unintended effects in whole GM food and feed , it is unlikely that substances present in small amounts and with a low toxic potential will result in any observable ( unintended ) effects in a 90-day rodent feeding study , as they would be below the no-observed-effect-level and thus of unlikely impact to human health at normal intake levels . [ Sen. 35, subscore: 2.00 ]: Laboratory animal feeding studies of 90-days duration appear to be sufficient to pick up adverse effects of diverse compounds that would also give adverse effects after chronic exposure . [ Sen. 37, subscore: 2.00 ]: The 90-day rodent feeding study is not designed to detect effects on reproduction or development other than effects on adult reproductive organ weights and histopathology . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The safety assessment is focussed on ( i ) the presence and characteristics of newly expressed proteins and other new constituents and possible changes in the level of natural constituents beyond normal variation , and on the characteristics of the GM food and feed , and ( ii ) the possible occurrence of unintended ( unexpected ) effects in GM plants due to genetic modification . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to identify these effects a comparative phenotypic and molecular analysis of the GM plant and its near isogenic counterpart is carried out , in parallel with a targeted analysis of single specific compounds , which represent important metabolic pathways in the plant like macro and micro nutrients , known anti-nutrients and toxins . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Significant differences may be indicative of the occurrence of unintended effects , which require further investigation . [ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: The majority of these experiments did not indicate clinical effects or histopathological abnormalities in organs or it issues of exposed animals . [ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: In some cases adverse effects were noted , which were difficult to interpret due to shortcomings in the studies . [ Sen. 28, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of the 90-days rodent feeding study with the whole GM food and feed is to assess potential unintended effects of toxicological and/or nutritional relevance and to establish whether the GM food and feed is as safe and nutritious as its traditional comparator rather than determining qualitative and quantitative intrinsic toxicity of defined food constituents . [ Sen. 31, subscore: 1.00 ]: A 90-day animal feeding trial has a large capacity ( sensitivity and specificity ) to detect potential toxicological effects of single well defined compounds . [ Sen. 36, subscore: 1.00 ]: This conclusion is based on literature data from studies investigating whether toxicological effects are adequately identified in 3-month subchronic studies in rodents , by comparing findings at 3 and 24 months for a range of different chemicals . [ Sen. 38, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analyses of available data indicate that , for a wide range of substances , reproductive and developmental effects are not potentially more sensitive endpoints than those examined in subchronic toxicity tests . [ Sen. 39, subscore: 1.00 ]: Should there be structural alerts for reproductive/developmental effects or other indications from data available on a GM food and feed , then these tests should be considered . [ Sen. 41, subscore: 1.00 ]: Results obtained from testing GM food and feed in rodents indicate that large ( at least 100-fold ) safety margins exist between animal exposure levels without observed adverse effects and estimated human daily intake .
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Score: 18.00 | Title: Dynamic analysis of QTLs on tiller number in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) with single segment substitution lines .
| Author: Liu G Zhu H Zhang G Li L Ye G | Year: 2012 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22350178 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 10, subscore: 5.00 ]: Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor .
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Score: 15.00 | Title: Detection and characterization of glutathione S-transferase activity in rice EF-1betabetagamma and EF-1gamma expressed in Escherichia coli .
| Author: Kobayashi S Kidou S Ejiri S | Year: 2001 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11676472 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: EF-1beta and EF-1beta catalyze the GDP/GTP exchange on EF-1alpha . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Plant elongation factor EF-1 consists of four subunits ( EF-1alphabetabetagamma ) . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: This report demonstrates that rice EF-1betabetagamma and recombinant EF-1gamma possess glutathione S-transferase ( GST ) activity . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The EF-1betabetagamma or EF-1gamma-dependent GST activity is about one-fiftieth of the rice GST activity . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The Km values of EF-1betabetagamma , EF-1gamma , and rice GST for glutathione and 1-chloro-2 , 4-dinitrobenzene are of about the same order . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Although recombinant EF-1gamma is heat labile , active EF-1gamma was obtained by purifying it in the presence of 20% glycerol . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: EF-1alpha . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the function of EF-1gamma , a subunit detected in eukaryotes , but not in prokaryotes remained unknown .
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Score: 15.00 | Title: Particulate emission factors for mobile fossil fuel and biomass combustion sources .
| Author: Watson JG Chow JC Chen LW Lowenthal DH Fujita EM Kuhns HD Sodeman DA Campbell DE Moosmuller H Zhu D Motallebi N | Year: 2011 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21458027 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: EMFAC2007 reported higher PM ( 2 . 5 ) EFs than MOBILE 6 . 2 during winter , but not during summer , and neither model captured the variability of the measured EFs . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: EFs for biomass burning measured during the Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiment ( FLAME ) were compared with EFs from the ARB Emission Estimation System ( EES ) model . [ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: The EES model agreed with measured EFs for fuels with low moisture content but underestimated measured EFs for fuel with moisture content >40% . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: PM emission factors ( EFs ) for gasoline and diesel-fueled vehicles and biomass combustion were measured in several recent studies . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the Gas/Diesel Split Study ( GD-Split ) , PM ( 2 . 5 ) EFs for heavy-duty diesel vehicles ( HDDV ) ranged from 0 . 2 to 2 g/mile and increased with vehicle age . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: EFs for HDDV estimated with the US EPA MOBILE 6 . 2 and California Air Resources Board ( ARB ) EMFAC2007 models correlated well with measured values . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: PM ( 2 . 5 ) EFs measured for gasoline vehicles were two orders of magnitude lower than those for HDDV and did not correlate with model estimates . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the Kansas City Study , PM ( 2 . 5 ) EFs for gasoline-powered vehicles ( eg , passenger cars and light trucks ) were generally <0 . 03 g/mile and were higher in winter than summer . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Total PM EFs for heavy-duty diesel military vehicles ranged from 0 . 18+/-0 . 03 and 1 . 20+/-0 . 12 g/kg fuel , corresponding to 0 . 3 and 2 g/mile , respectively . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The highest PM ( 2 . 5 ) EFs ( 76 . 8+/-37 . 5 g/kg ) were measured for wet ( >50% moisture content ) Ponderosa Pine needles . [ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: EFs were generally <20 g/kg when moisture content was <20% . [ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Average EFs for dry chamise , rice straw , and dry grass were within a factor of three of values adopted by ARB in Californias San Joaquin Valley ( SJV ) .
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Score: 13.00 | Title: [ Genetic effects of mineral elements of Fe , Zn , Mn and P in black pericarp rice grains ] | Author: Zhang MW Du YQ Peng ZM He CX .
| Year: | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11132495 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 5.00 ]: The seed direct genetic effects were more important than the maternal genetic effects for Fe , Zn , Mn contents , and seed direct additive effects constituted a major part of their genetic effects , whereas seed direct additive , maternal additive and dominant effects formed the main part in the inheritance of P content . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The results indicated that the contents of all the four mineral elements were controlled by seed direct genetic effects , maternal genetic effects as well as by cytoplasmic effects . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Complete diallel crosses with seven varieties of black pericarp rice were conducted in one year to analyze the genetic effects on main mineral elements of Fe , Zn , Mn and P contents in kernels of parents and their F1S and F2S , using the full genetic model including triploid endosperm , cytoplasmic and maternal effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The estimate values of narrow heritabilites of seed direct genetic effects were high for Fe , Zn and Mn contents , while those of seed and maternal effects were intermediate for P content . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The heritabilities of seed direct effects of the 4 mineral element contents were all highly significant .
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Score: 13.00 | Title: Developmental behavior of gene expression for brown rice thickness under different environments .
| Author: Shi CH Wu JG Wu P | Year: 2002 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12203916 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: The dynamic changes of genetic effects , including main effects , and genotype x environment ( GE ) interaction effects on brown rice thickness ( BRT ) across environments were investigated by using the developmental genetic models . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The results indicate that genetic effects , especially GE interaction effects of triploid endosperm genes , cytoplasm genes , and diploid maternal plant genes were important to the performance of BRT at various filling stages of rice . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The differences in net genetic effects under different environments for endosperm , cytoplasm , and maternal plant genes were found , and the net GE interaction effects were more important to BRT at the early filling and mature stages of rice . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Some net genetic effects , especially for net cytoplasm effects spasmodically expressed , were detected among filling stages . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Higher additive and cytoplasm main effects , along with their interaction effects , were found , which would be useful for selection for BRT in breeding programs . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The BRT was genetically controlled by the net genetic effects of genes expressed at the early and late filling stages ( 1-7 days and 15-21 days after flowering , respectively ) . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The predicated genetic effects at different filling stages show that the parents of V20 and Xieqingzao were better than others for improving BRT of progenies .
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Score: 13.00 | Title: Does Cryotherapy Improve Outcomes With Soft it issue Injury?
| Author: Hubbard TJ Denegar CR .
| Year: 2004 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15496998 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: DATA SOURCES : Studies were identified by using a computer-based literature search on a total of 8 databases : MEDLINE , Proquest , ISI Web of Science , Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health ( CINAHL ) on Ovid , Allied and Complementary Medicine Database ( AMED ) on Ovid , Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness , and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register ( Central ) . [ Sen. 30, subscore: 1.00 ]: Data in that study were insufficient to calculate effect size . [ Sen. 31, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nine studies did not provide data of the key outcome measures , so individual study effect estimates could not be calculated . [ Sen. 33, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ice submersion with simultaneous exercises was significantly more effective than heat and contrast therapy plus simultaneous exercises at reducing swelling . [ Sen. 34, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ice was reported to be no different from ice and low-frequency or high-frequency electric stimulation in effect on swelling , pain , and range of motion . [ Sen. 35, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ice alone seemed to be more effective than applying no form of cryotherapy after minor knee surgery in terms of pain , but no differences were reported for range of motion and girth . [ Sen. 37, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evidence was marginal that a single simultaneous treatment with ice and compression is no more effective than no cryotherapy after an ankle sprain . [ Sen. 38, subscore: 1.00 ]: The authors reported ice to be no more effective than rehabilitation only with regard to pain , swelling , and range of motion . [ Sen. 39, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ice and compression seemed to be significantly more effective than ice alone in terms of decreasing pain . [ Sen. 41, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lastly , in 8 studies , there seemed to be little difference in the effectiveness of ice and compression compared with compression alone . [ Sen. 43, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Based on the available evidence , cryotherapy seems to be effective in decreasing pain . [ Sen. 44, subscore: 1.00 ]: In comparison with other rehabilitation techniques , the efficacy of cryotherapy has been questioned . [ Sen. 45, subscore: 1.00 ]: The exact effect of cryotherapy on more frequently treated acute injuries ( eg , muscle strains and contusions ) has not been fully elucidated .
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Score: 12.00 | Title: The Greenhouse effect : impacts of ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) radiation , carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , and ozone ( O3 ) on vegetation .
| Author: Krupa SV Kickert RN .
| Year: | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15092357 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 18, subscore: 3.00 ]: Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations . [ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . [ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response . [ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades . [ Sen. 30, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects . [ Sen. 31, subscore: 1.00 ]: As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . [ Sen. 36, subscore: 1.00 ]: The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood . [ Sen. 37, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) . [ Sen. 40, subscore: 1.00 ]: In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation .
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Score: 12.00 | Title: Cytoplasm affects grain weight and filled-grain ratio in indica rice .
| Author: Tao D Xu P Zhou J Deng X Li J Deng W Yang J Yang G Li Q Hu F | Year: 2011 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21631950 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: RESULTS : For five of the seven traits , analysis of variance showed that there were no significant cytoplasmic effects or interactions involving cytoplasmic effects . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Strong cytoplasmic effects were observed only at Kunming and in only two of the three nuclear backgrounds ; in the Jianchenkugu nuclear background , there was no evidence of strong cytoplasmic effects at either location . [ Sen. 14, subscore: 2.00 ]: The results extend our previous findings with japonica rice , suggesting that the selection of appropriate cytoplasmic germplasm is broadly important in rice breeding , and that cytoplasmic effects on some traits , such as filled-grain ratio , can not be generalized ; effects should be evaluated in the nuclear backgrounds of interest and at multiple locations . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Cytoplasmic effects on agronomic traits--involving cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes of either different species or different cultivars--are well documented in wheat but have seldom been demonstrated in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To detect cytoplasmic effects , we introgressed the nuclear genomes of three indica cultivars--Guichao 2 , Jiangchengkugu , and Dianrui 449--into the cytoplasms of six indica cultivars - Dijiaowujian , Shenglixian , Zhuzhan , Nantehao , Aizizhan , and Peta . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of 6 cytoplasm sources , 3 nucleus sources , 2 locations and their interactions were estimated for plant height , panicle length , panicle number per plant , spikelet number per panicle , grain weight , filled-grain ratio , and yield per plot . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of cytoplasm on 1000-grain weight was highly significant . [ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cytoplasm source had a significant effect on grain weight across the two experimental locations . [ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: There was also a significant cytoplasmic effect on filled-grain ratio , but only in two of three nuclear background and at one of the two locations .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: Heat-stress induced synthesis of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor ( EF-Tu ) in a heat-tolerant maize line .
| Author: Bhadula SK Elthon TE Habben JE Helentjaris TG Jiao S Ristic Z | Year: 2001 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11289600 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: A full-length maize EF-Tu cDNA ( Zmeftu1 ) , previously isolated from the B73 line of maize , was used as a probe for northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from the ZPBL 1304 maize line ( the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of Zmeftu1 are 88% identical to the rice EF-Tu sequence ) . [ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: An increase in EF-Tu transcript levels during heat stress was accompanied by increased levels of the EF-Tu protein . [ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: The maize EF-Tu polypeptides showed > 80% sequence similarity with the bacterial EF-Tu , which has recently been shown to function as a molecular chaperone and to play a role in the protection of other proteins from thermal denaturation ( Caldas et al , 1998 , J Biol . Chem . 273 : 11478-11482 ) . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of the five polypeptides of 45 kDa , three polypeptides , including the two most abundant ones , yielded amino acid sequences similar to the chloroplast and bacterial protein synthesis elongation factor ( EF-Tu ) . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: This was further confirmed using an antibody raised against maize EF-Tu , which showed a very strong reaction with the 45-kDa heatshock protein ( s ) . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Northern blots showed a 1 . 85-fold increase in steady-state levels of EF-Tu mRNA during heat stress . [ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Isolated chloroplasts from heat-stressed plants also had higher levels of EF-Tu as compared to control chloroplasts . [ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: It is hypothesized that chloroplast EF-Tu of the ZPBL 1304 maize line plays an important role in the development of thermotolerance .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: Endocannabinoids and pain : spinal and peripheral analgesia in inflammation and neuropathy .
| Author: Rice AS Farquhar-Smith WP Nagy I | Year: | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12052040 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 11, subscore: 3.00 ]: Since a major goal in the development of cannabinoid-based analgesics is to divorce the antinociceptive effects from the psychotrophic effects , the discussion will focus on the antinociceptive effects produced at the spinal cord and/or peripheral level as these areas are the most attractive targets in this regard . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: This review discusses the analgesic effects of endocannabinoids at spinal and peripheral levels , firstly by describing the physiological framework for analgesia and secondly by reviewing the evidence for analgesic effects of endocannabinoids obtained using animal models of clinical pain conditions . In the spinal cord , CB ( 1 ) receptors have been demonstrated in laminae of the dorsal horn intimately concerned with the processing of nociceptive information and the modulation thereof . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Whilst a proportion of the peripheral analgesic effect of endocannabinoids can be attributed to a neuronal mechanism acting through CB ( 1 ) receptors expressed by primary afferent neurones , the antiinflammatory actions of endocannabinoids , mediated through CB ( 2 ) receptors , also appears to contribute to local analgesic effects . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Possible mechanisms of this CB ( 2 ) -mediated effect include the attenuation of NGF-induced mast cell degranulation and of neutrophil accumulation , both of which are processes known to contribute to the generation of inflammatory hyperalgesia . The analgesic effects of cannabinoids have been demonstrated in models of somatic and visceral inflammatory pain and of neuropathic pain , the latter being an important area of therapeutic need . Analgesia is one of the principal therapeutic targets of cannabinoids . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: This review will discuss the analgesic effects of endocannabinoids in relation to two areas of therapeutic need , persistent inflammation and neuropathic pain . [ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: A mechanistic discussion of the "framework" for analgesia will be followed by a description of studies examining the role of endocannabinoids in relieving pain ; since the elucidation of these effects was undertaken using synthetic cannabinoids , reference will also be made to such studies , in the context of endocannabinoids .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: [ Genetic effects on grain shape traits of indica black pericarp rice and their genetic correlations with main mineral element contents in grains ] | Author: Zhang MW Guo BJ Peng ZM .
| Year: | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12200859 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 4.00 ]: The seed direct genetic effects were more important than the maternal genetic effects for grain shape traits , and seed direct additive effects constituted a major part of their genetic effects . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: The results indicated that the grain shape traits were controlled by seed direct genetic effects , maternal genetic effects as well as by cytoplasmic effects . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Complete diallel crosses with 7 varieties of indica black pericarp rice were conducted to analyze the genetic effects on grain shape traits such as 100-grain weight , grain length , grain width and length/width and their genetic correlations with main mineral elements of Fe , Zn , Mn and P contents in kernels of parents and their F1s and F2s , by using the full genetic model including seed , cytoplasmic and maternal effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The narrow heritabilities of seed direct effects were high for 100-grain weight , grain width and grain length/grain width , while those of seed and maternal effects were intermediate for grain length .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: Analysis on additive effects and additive-by-additive epistatic effects of QTLs for yield traits in a recombinant inbred line population of rice .
| Author: Zhuang JY Fan YY Rao ZM Wu JL Xia YW Zheng KL .
| Year: 2002 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12582891 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 7, subscore: 4.00 ]: The detection of additive effects and AA effects of a QTL interfered with each other , indicating that the detection of QTLs with main effects , as well as the magnitude and directions of the additive effects , might vary depending on their interactions with other loci . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Thirty-one QTLs were detected to have significant additive effects for yield traits , of which 12 also exhibited significant epistatic effects . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Sixteen significant additive-by-additive ( AA ) interactions were detected , of which nine occurred between QTLs with own additive effects ( M ( ep ) QTLs ) , four occurred between QTLs showing epistatic effects only ( epQTLs ) , and three occurred between M ( ep ) QTLs and epQTLs . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Generally , the contributions to the phenotypic variation were higher due to QTL main effects than to epistatic effects . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Significant GE interactions were found for six QTLs with additive effects and one AA interaction .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: Citrate transporters play a critical role in aluminium-stimulated citrate efflux in rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ) roots .
| Author: Yang JL Zhang L Li YY You JF Wu P Zheng SJ .
| Year: 2006 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16446286 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: METHODS : The effects of several antagonists of anion channels and citrate carriers , and of the protein synthesis inhibitor , cycloheximide ( CHM ) on Al-stimulated citrate efflux and/or citrate content were examined by high-pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) or an enzymatic method . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: KEY RESULTS : Both anion channel inhibitors and citrate carrier inhibitors can inhibit Al-stimulated citrate efflux , with anthracene-9-carboxylic acid ( A-9-C , an anion channel inhibitor ) and phenylisothiocyanate ( PI , a citrate carrier inhibitor ) the most effective inhibitors . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: CHM ( 20 microm ) also significantly inhibited Al-stimulated citrate efflux , confirming that de novo protein synthesis is required for Al-stimulated citrate efflux . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND AND AIMS : Aluminium ( Al ) stimulates the efflux of citrate from apices of rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ) roots . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This response is delayed at least 3 h when roots are exposed to 50 microm Al , indicating that some inducible processes leading to citrate efflux are involved . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the increase in citrate content preceded the efflux . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , the release of citrate stimulated by the pulse treatment was inhibited by both A-9-C and PI , indicating the importance of the citrate carrier on the mitochondrial membrane and the anion channel on the plasma membrane for the Al-stimulated citrate efflux . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that the activation of genes possibly encoding citrate transporters plays a critical role in Al-stimulated citrate efflux .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| Author: Furutani A Takaoka M Sanada H Noguchi Y Oku T Tsuno K Ochiai H Tsuge S | Year: 2009 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19061406 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Secretion of all but one effector was reduced in both HpaB ( ) and HpaP ( ) mutant strains , indicating that HpaB and HpaP are widely involved in efficient secretion of the effectors . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Interestingly , all these effectors were expressed in an HrpX-dependent manner , suggesting coregulation of effectors and the T3S system . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type III secretion ( T3S ) system . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Through genome screening for genes encoding potential T3S effectors , 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: oryzae MAFF311018 using these criteria : i ) homologs of known T3S effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria , ii ) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein HrpX , or iii ) proteins with N-terminal amino acid patterns associated with T3S substrates of Pseudomonas syringae . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of effector candidates tested with the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter for translocation into plant cells , 16 proteins were translocated in a T3S system-dependent manner . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of these 16 proteins , nine were homologs of known effectors in other plant-pathogenic bacteria and seven were not . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Most of the effectors were widely conserved in Xanthomonas spp . ; however , some were specific to X oryzae .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: Breastfeeding promotion for infants in neonatal units : a systematic review and economic analysis .
| Author: Renfrew MJ Craig D Dyson L McCormick F Rice S King SE Misso K Stenhouse E Williams AF | Year: 2009 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19728934 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of peer support at home ( in Manila ) for mothers of term , low birthweight infants on any breastfeeding up to 24 weeks ( RR 2 . 18 , 95% CI 1 . 45 to 3 . 29 ) and exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months ( RR 65 . 94 , 95% CI 4 . 12 to 1055 . 70 ) , and for the effectiveness of peer support in hospital and at home for mothers of infants in Special Care Baby Units on providing any breastmilk at 12 weeks [ odds ratio ( OR ) 2 . 81 , 95% CI 1 . 11 to 7 . 14 ; p = 0 . 01 ] . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions that promote or inhibit breastfeeding or feeding with breastmilk for infants admitted to neonatal units , and to identify an agenda for future research . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: DATA SOURCES : Electronic databases were searched ( including MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process Citations , EMBASE , CINAHL , Maternity and Infant Care , PsycINFO , British Nursing Index and Archive , Health Management Information Consortium , Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials , Science Citation Index , Pascal , Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences , MetaRegister of Controlled Trials , Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness , Health Technology Assessment Database , National Research Register ) from inception to February 2008 . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: To estimate long-term cost utility , a decision tree was developed to synthesise data on enhanced staff contact , breastmilk effectiveness , incidence of necrotising enterocolitis ( NEC ) and sepsis , resource use , survival and utilities . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : Forty-eight studies met the selection criteria for the effectiveness review , of which 65% ( 31/48 ) were RCTs , and 17% ( 8/48 ) were conducted in the UK . [ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: There is more limited evidence for the effectiveness of skilled professional support in a US Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on infants receiving any breastmilk at discharge ( OR 2 . 0 , 95% CI 1 . 2 to 3 . 2 , p = 0 . 004 ) . [ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lack of staff training is an important barrier to implementation of effective interventions . [ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our economic analysis found that additional skilled professional support in hospital was more effective and less costly ( due to reduced neonatal illness ) than normal staff contact . [ Sen. 21, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Despite the limitations of the evidence base , kangaroo skin-to-skin contact , peer support , simultaneous breastmilk pumping , multidisciplinary staff training and the Baby Friendly accreditation of the associated maternity hospital have been shown to be effective , and skilled support from trained staff in hospital has been shown to be potentially cost-effective . [ Sen. 23, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many of these interventions inter-relate : it is unlikely that specific clinical interventions will be effective if used alone .
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Score: 11.00 | Title: CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION FROM OPEN BURNING OF RICE STRAW .
| Author: Oanh NT Bich TL Tipayarom D Manadhar BR Prapat P Simpson CD Liu LJ | Year: 2011 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21243095 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In the hood experiments , EFs were found to be depending on the burning types ( spread or pile ) , moisture content and the combustion efficiency . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Emission from field burning of crop residue , a common practice in many parts of the world today , has potential effects on air quality , atmosphere and climate . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The carbon balance and emission ratio method was used to determine PM emission factors ( EF ) in the field experiments . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The obtained EFs varied from field to hood experiments reflecting multiple factors affecting combustion and emission . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , in the field experiments , burning rate and EF were also influenced by weather conditions , ie wind . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hood pile burning produced significantly higher EF ( 20+/-8 g kg ( -1 ) RS ) than hood spread burning ( 4 . 7+/-2 . 2 g kg ( -1 ) RS ) . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The majority of PM emitted from the field burning was PM ( 2 . 5 ) with EF of 5 . 1+/-0 . 7 g m ( -2 ) or 8 . 3+/-2 . 7 g kg ( -1 ) RS burned . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The coarse PM fraction ( PM ( 10-2 . 5 ) ) was mainly generated by fire attention activities and was relatively small , hence the resulting EF of PM ( 10 ) ( 9 . 4+/-3 . 5 g kg ( -1 ) RS ) was not significantly higher than PM ( 2 . 5 ) . [ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Presence of these toxic compounds in PM of burning smoke increases the potential toxic effects of the emission . [ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: For illustration , an estimation of the annual RS field burning in Thailand was made using the obtained in situ field burning EFs and preliminary burning activity data .
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Score: 10.00 | Title: Ozonation of textile wastewater : physicochemical and phytotoxic aspects .
| Author: Radetski CM Rosa SM Rosa EV De Souza Sierra MM Simonatto EL .
| Year: 2002 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12090258 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: In conclusion , ozonation was relatively effective in reducing physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxic effects of textile effluents . [ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: Plant enzyme assays used in this study proved to be a sensitive tool in order to determine the toxicity of industrial effluents and may be used to evaluate efficiency of established ( or emergent ) wastewater treatment technology . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of ozonation as a technique to treat textile effluents . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytotoxicity tests carried out in solution with three plant species ( ie soybean , rice and wheat ) allowed us to compare toxicity data of both , raw and ozonated effluents . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The biomass ( fresh weight ) of the 3 plant species clearly decreases as a function of the increase in raw effluent concentration with LOEC values of 100% for rice and wheat , and 50% for soybean . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Activities of catalase and peroxidase in the 3 plant species exposed to the raw textile effluent were significantly different from plant controls . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Reduction in the phytotoxicity of textile effluent samples after ozonation is likely due to the elimination of the toxic organic fraction oxidized during this process .
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Score: 10.00 | Title: How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?
Small causes with big effects .
| Author: Wissuwa M | Year: 2003 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14605228 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . [ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three .
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Score: 10.00 | Title: Genetic analysis of non-essential amino acid contents in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) across environments .
| Author: Wu JG Shi CH Zhang XM Katsura T | Year: | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15660973 | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: In genetic main effects , the cytoplasmic and maternal genetic effects were preponderant for all traits of non-essential amino acids , indicating that selection for improving these traits based on the maternal plant would be more effective than on seeds . [ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Genetic main effects and genotype x environment ( GE ) interaction effects for 7 non-essential amino acids in milled rice were analyzed for two year data by using the genetic models based on mixed linear model approaches for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: It was found that the content of non-essential amino acids including Asp , Ser , Glu , Gly and Tyr were mainly controlled by genetic main effects , whereas the content of Ala or Pro was mainly affected by GE effects . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: By predicating the genetic effects of parents , the total genetic effects from Xieqingzao , V20 , Zuo 5 and Zhenshan 97 were mainly negative and these parents would decrease the content of most essential amino acids . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Since parents of Zhenan 3 , Yinchao 1 , T49 , 26715 , 102 and 1391 had possessed a positive value of most total genetic effects , these parents could be chosen as optimal parents for increasing the content of most non-essential amino acids .
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