| 87 matches found in 70 documents. Search time: 0.205 seconds. |
|---|
|
Score: 11.00 |
|---|
| Title: Novel transgenic rice overexpressing anthocyanidin synthase accumulates a mixture of flavonoids leading to an increased antioxidant potential | | Author: Reddy AM Reddy VS Scheffler BE Wienand U Reddy AR .
| | Journal: Metab . Eng . Citation: V : 9 ( 1 ) P : 95-111 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17157544 Accession (PMID): 17157544 | | Abstract: In addition to their plant-associated functions , flavonoids act as antioxidants against harmful free radicals in animals .
Genetic engineering of food crops for a mix of antioxidant flavonoids is highly beneficial in promoting human health .
Anthocyanidin synthase ( ANS ) is one of the four dioxygenases ( DOX ) of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the formation of anthocyanidins from leucoanthocyanidins .
To investigate whether ANS mediates different DOX reactions of the pathway and produces a mix of flavonoids , the rice ANS cDNA was cloned and overexpressed in a rice mutant Nootripathu ( NP ) .
This mutant accumulates proanthocyanidins exclusively in pericarp and absolutely no anthocyanins in any it issue .
In silico sequence analysis revealed that ANS contains a double-stranded beta helix and shows high sequence similarity with other DOXs of the pathway including flavonol synthase , flavonone 3beta-hydroxylase and flavone synthase I Bacterially expressed ANS protein converted dihydroquercetin to quercetin and Pro ( 35S ) : ANS complemented the maize a2 mutant in producing anthocyanins in aleurone , suggesting that ANS functions as a DOX with different flavonoid substrates .
Similarly , transgenic NP plants overexpressing Pro ( MAS ) : ANS channeled the proanthocaynidin precursors to the production of anthocyanins in pericarp .
Transgenics showed approximately ten and four-fold increase in the ANS transcripts and enzyme activity , respectively .
As a result , these plants showed an increased accumulation of a mixture of flavonoids and anthocyanins , with a concomitant decrease in proanthocyanidins , suggesting that ANS may act directly on different flavonoid substrates of DOX reactions .
Thus , overexpression of ANS in a rice mutant resulted in novel transgenic rice with a mixture of flavonoids and an enhanced antioxidant potential | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: In silico sequence analysis revealed that ANS contains a double-stranded beta helix and shows high sequence similarity with other DOXs of the pathway including flavonol synthase , flavonone 3beta-hydroxylase and flavone synthase I Bacterially expressed ANS protein converted dihydroquercetin to quercetin and Pro ( 35S ) : ANS complemented the maize a2 mutant in producing anthocyanins in aleurone , suggesting that ANS functions as a DOX with different flavonoid substrates .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: To investigate whether ANS mediates different DOX reactions of the pathway and produces a mix of flavonoids , the rice ANS cDNA was cloned and overexpressed in a rice mutant Nootripathu ( NP ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anthocyanidin synthase ( ANS ) is one of the four dioxygenases ( DOX ) of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the formation of anthocyanidins from leucoanthocyanidins .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Similarly , transgenic NP plants overexpressing Pro ( MAS ) : ANS channeled the proanthocaynidin precursors to the production of anthocyanins in pericarp .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transgenics showed approximately ten and four-fold increase in the ANS transcripts and enzyme activity , respectively .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: As a result , these plants showed an increased accumulation of a mixture of flavonoids and anthocyanins , with a concomitant decrease in proanthocyanidins , suggesting that ANS may act directly on different flavonoid substrates of DOX reactions .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , overexpression of ANS in a rice mutant resulted in novel transgenic rice with a mixture of flavonoids and an enhanced antioxidant potential
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 8.00 |
|---|
| Title: Comparing clinician knowledge and online information regarding Alli ( Orlistat ) .
| | Author: Nelson S Hwang KO Bernstam EV | | Journal: Int J Med Inform Citation: V : 78 P : 772-7 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19716762 Accession (PMID): 19716762 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Many consumers join online communities focused on health .
Online forums are a popular medium for the exchange of health information between consumers , so it is important to determine the accuracy and completeness of information posted to online forums .
OBJECTIVE : We compared the accuracy and completeness of information regarding the FDA-approved over-the counter weight-loss drug Alli ( Orlistat ) from forums and from clinicians .
METHODS : We identified Alli-related questions posted on online forums and then posed the questions to 11 primary care providers .
We then compared the clinicians answers to the answers given on the forums .
A panel of blinded experts evaluated the accuracy and completeness of the answers on a scale of 0-4 .
Another panel of blinded experts categorized questions as being best answered based on clinical experience versus review of the literature .
RESULTS : The accuracy and completeness of clinician responses was slightly better than forum responses , but there was no significant difference ( 2 . 3 vs 2 . 1 , p=0 . 5 ) .
Only one forum answer contained information that could potentially cause harm if the advice was followed .
CONCLUSIONS : Forum answers were comparable to clinicians answers with respect to accuracy and completeness , but answers from both sources were unsatisfactory .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Forum answers were comparable to clinicians answers with respect to accuracy and completeness , but answers from both sources were unsatisfactory .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: We then compared the clinicians answers to the answers given on the forums .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: A panel of blinded experts evaluated the accuracy and completeness of the answers on a scale of 0-4 .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Another panel of blinded experts categorized questions as being best answered based on clinical experience versus review of the literature .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Only one forum answer contained information that could potentially cause harm if the advice was followed .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
|---|
| Title: Possible mechanism for the inhibition of lectin-erythrocyte interaction in presence of endogenous lectin receptor .
| | Author: Basu PS Datta PK Datta TK .
| | Journal: Biosci . Rep . Citation: V : 16 ( 6 ) P : 453-8 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9062696 Accession (PMID): 9062696 | | Abstract: The presence of hydrophobic sites in the lectin-I molecule was indicated by hydrophobic probes like 1-anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonic acid ( ANS ) , 2-p-toluidinyl napthalene-6-sulfonic acid ( TNS ) .
N-phenyl-1-napthylamine ( NA ) and rose bengal ( RB ) .
This was further confirmed by amino acid modifications in the hydrophobic region of the lectin-I molecule .
The binding of ANS , TNS , NA and RB to lectin-I was affected in the presence of NaCl .
The involvement of hydrophobic interactions in rice-bean lectin-I-endogenous lectin receptor ( ELR ) complex were indicated by alterations in the circular dichroism and fluorescence emission spectra .
The percentage of beta-conformation ( 55-63% ) of lectin-I was decreased by addition of ELR .
ELR on reacting with lectin-I reduced the fluorescence emissions of the hydrophobic probes while fluorescence emission of ANS , TNS , NA and RB were greatly enhanced in presence of lectin-I alone .
N-aceyl-galactosamine did not change the fluorescence emissions of any of the hydrophobic probes in presence or in absence of lectin-I This demonstrates that carbohydrate and hydrophobic sites may be different and non-interacting .
It is proposed that the ELR in reacting with lectin-I , induced conformational changes in the lectin-I molecule and thereby affected its erythroagglutinating activity with human blood group "A" erythrocytes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The presence of hydrophobic sites in the lectin-I molecule was indicated by hydrophobic probes like 1-anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonic acid ( ANS ) , 2-p-toluidinyl napthalene-6-sulfonic acid ( TNS ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The binding of ANS , TNS , NA and RB to lectin-I was affected in the presence of NaCl .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: ELR on reacting with lectin-I reduced the fluorescence emissions of the hydrophobic probes while fluorescence emission of ANS , TNS , NA and RB were greatly enhanced in presence of lectin-I alone .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Rices ansatz for overdamped phi4 kinks at finite temperature .
| | Author: Lythe G Mertens FG .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 67 ( 2 Pt 2 ) P : 027601 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12636870 Accession (PMID): 12636870 | | Abstract: The dynamics of a kink driven by noise is analyzed using the two collective variables of the Rice ansatz : position and width .
Starting from a stochastic partial differential equation , with the phi ( 4 ) potential in the overdamped limit , the pair of stochastic differential equations for the collective variables are derived without approximation other than the ansatz itself .
From the steady state probability density of the kink width , the diffusivity of a kink is calculated .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The dynamics of a kink driven by noise is analyzed using the two collective variables of the Rice ansatz : position and width .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Starting from a stochastic partial differential equation , with the phi ( 4 ) potential in the overdamped limit , the pair of stochastic differential equations for the collective variables are derived without approximation other than the ansatz itself .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Diversity in the Oryza genus .
| | Author: Vaughan DA Morishima H Kadowaki K | | Journal: Curr . Opin . Plant Biol .
Citation: V : 6 ( 2 ) P : 139-46 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12667870 Accession (PMID): 12667870 | | Abstract: The pan-tropical wild relatives of rice grow in a wide variety of habitats : forests , savanna , mountainsides , rivers and lakes .
The completion of the sequencing of the rice nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes affords an opportunity to widen our understanding of the genomes of the genus Oryza .
Research on the Oryza genus has begun to help to answer questions related to domestication , speciation , polyploidy and ecological adaptation that can not be answered by studying rice alone .
The wild relatives of rice have furnished genes for the hybrid rice revolution , and other genes from Oryza species with major impact on rice yields and sustainable rice production are likely to be found .
Care is needed , however , when using wild relatives of rice in experiments and in interpreting the results of these experiments .
Careful checking of species identity , maintenance of herbarium specimens and recording of Genbank accession numbers of material used in experiments should be standard procedure when studying wild relatives of rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Research on the Oryza genus has begun to help to answer questions related to domestication , speciation , polyploidy and ecological adaptation that can not be answered by studying rice alone .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: The heritability theory of heterosis and its meaning for global agriculture .
| | Author: Wu ZX .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 30 ( 3 ) P : 193-200 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12812083 Accession (PMID): 12812083 | | Abstract: This paper begins with the overthrow of the concept of combining ability in crossbreeding by the concept of heritability .
The reason is that general combining ability changes with the number and kind of pure strains in the foundation stock and hence special combining ability changes also , so that work with different kinds of pure strains in the foundation stock can not be compared .
Hence combining ability is useless as a parameter to predict the amount of heterosis expected in the next generation .
On the other hand , since each cross has a separate heritability , it can be applied to a cross population just as successfully as in purebreeding .
Since the same concept holds in both cases , resort to any other concept would be superfluous .
Thats why combining ability must be rejected .
Another reason ( not given in the full text ) is , an infinite number of pure strains would be required in the foundation stock for its results to be comparable with those of the heritability theory , which disposes of its utility altogether .
The main content of the thesis is then the centennial enigma of heterosis can be resolved by Descartes theoretic method of deduction .
Accordingly we start from the definition of heterosis .
[ formula : see text ] where H is heterosis , F1 is the first generation offspring , MP is the mean of the parents or midparent , and from the use of a binomial random variable and its extension to the multinomial case derive the basic relations of heterosis with its components .
Starting with second degree statistics , we obtain [ formula : see text ] where V and cov stand for variance and covariance .
The equations of heterosis are [ formula : see text ] where N is number of genes controlling a trait , a = ( Pi - Pj ) /2 , d is deviation from midparent , while the variance components are all indicated by their names under the respective terms .
It turns out that all these can be easily computed from the data so that the problem becomes a simple one which any college student may solve .
In other words , the right answers are found when the right questions are asked .
Who had ever shown that the heritability principle is inapplicable in crossbreeding , eg , in a crossing of two pure strains?
From this cue arose the realization that the F1 of a cross of two pure strains must also be a Mendelian population , with p and q both equal to 1/2 which simplifies the algebra outright .
This Heritability Theory of Heterosis , or HTH in capital letters , rests on 2 initial arguments : 1 ) Since 0 . 5 + 0 . 5 = 1 , crossing two pure strains gives a population which is only a special case of pure-breeding , therefore a heritability coefficient must exist for the F1 ; 2 ) Our problem reduces to that of finding that coefficient ; the answer is given by the additive component divided by VF1 , ie , ( 1/2 ) Na2/VF1 . which is readily found from the solution of the heterosis equations .
Thus the eternal enigma of heterosis is resolved!
This happened at the end of the 20th century .
We now come to the second point of the discovery , the new genetic parameter crossheritability which will rise in size with the increase of the number of times its used and form the link between breeding and evolution .
The advent of the Age of Evolution Engineering in the 21st century marks a totally new era , showing that artificial will ultimately supercede natural selection , with the long span of time element eliminated .
For agriculture at least , it means there is no limit to the increase of food supply by the new method , with the concentration of desirable genes by hybridization in place of the old theory of their fixation .
Genetic gain is achieved through artificial selection , with an 80% saving of time , labor and cost by adoption of the new method .
Applied to a further increase in all kinds of agricultural products including hybrid rice , it means that a huge escalation , in fact a New Green Revolution , on a much larger scale than that of any such before , is in view , provided it is adopted in our research and educational institutions as early as possible , ere its spread elsewhere .
The possibilities from the evolution point of view can only be pictured by science fiction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: In other words , the right answers are found when the right questions are asked .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: This Heritability Theory of Heterosis , or HTH in capital letters , rests on 2 initial arguments : 1 ) Since 0 . 5 + 0 . 5 = 1 , crossing two pure strains gives a population which is only a special case of pure-breeding , therefore a heritability coefficient must exist for the F1 ; 2 ) Our problem reduces to that of finding that coefficient ; the answer is given by the additive component divided by VF1 , ie , ( 1/2 ) Na2/VF1 . which is readily found from the solution of the heterosis equations .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: [ Surveillance on severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus in animals at a live animal market of Guangzhou in 2004 ] | | Author: Wang M Jing HQ Xu HF Jiang XG Kan B Liu QY Wan KL Cui BY Zheng H Cui ZG Yan MY Liang WL Wang HX Qi XB Li ZJ Li MC Chen K Zhang EM Zhang SY Hai R Yu DZ Xu JG .
| | Journal: Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Citation: V : 26 ( 2 ) P : 84-7 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15921605 Accession (PMID): 15921605 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To study the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( SARS-CoV ) like virus in animals at a live animal market of Guanzhou in 2004 before and after culling of wild animal action taken by the local authority , in order to predict the re-emerging of SARS from animal originals in this region .
METHODS : Animals at live animal market were sampled for rectal and throat swabs in triplicate .
A single step realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) diagnostic kit was performed for screening SARS-CoV like virus , the manual nested RT PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for confirmation .
Only specimens which tested positive for both of the N and P genes by nested RT-PCR were scored as positive .
RESULTS : In 31 animals sampled in January 5 2004 before culling of wild animals at Guangdong Province , including 20 cats ( Felis catus ) , 5 red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) and 6 Lesser rice field rats ( Rattus losea ) , 8 ( 25 . 8% ) animals were tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus by RT-PCR methods , of which 4 cats , 3 red fox and one Lesser rice field rats were included .
However , two weeks after culling of animals and disinfection of the market were implemented , in 119 animals sampled in January 20 2004 , including 6 rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) , 13 cats , 46 red jungle fowl ( Gallus gallus ) , 13 spotbill duck ( Anas platyrhynchos ) , 10 greylag goose ( Anser anser ) , 31 Chinese francolin ( Franclinus pintadeanus ) , only rectal swab from one greylag goose was tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus .
Furthermore , in 102 animals that including 14 greylag gooses , 3 cats , 5 rabbits , 9 spotbill duck ( Anaspoecilorhyncha ) , 2 Chinese francolin ( Franclinus pintadeanus ) , 8 common pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus ) , 6 pigeons , 9 Chinese muntjac ( Muntiacus reevesi ) , 19 wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) , 16 Lesser rice field rats , 5 dogs , 1 mink ( Mustela vison ) , 3 goats , 2 green peafowl ( Pavo muticus ) sampled in April , May , June , July , August and November , only rectal swab from one pig was tested positive .
However , of 12 and 10 palm civets sampled in November and December including five of which had been at the live animals market for 2 days , none of them was tested positive .
CONCLUSION : This findings revealed that animals being sampled in April , May , June , July , August and November of 2004 , only one rectal swab from a pig was tested positive as SARS-CoV like virus , much lower than the results from the previous year , suggesting that the possibility of re-emerging of human infection from animal origins is low for the winter of 2004-2005 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , two weeks after culling of animals and disinfection of the market were implemented , in 119 animals sampled in January 20 2004 , including 6 rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) , 13 cats , 46 red jungle fowl ( Gallus gallus ) , 13 spotbill duck ( Anas platyrhynchos ) , 10 greylag goose ( Anser anser ) , 31 Chinese francolin ( Franclinus pintadeanus ) , only rectal swab from one greylag goose was tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: The impact of inaccurate Internet health information in a secondary school learning environment .
| | Author: Kortum P Edwards C Richards-Kortum R | | Journal: J Med Internet Res Citation: V : 10 P : e17 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18653441 Accession (PMID): 18653441 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Patients in the United States commonly use the Internet to acquire health information .
While a significant amount of health-related information is available on the Internet , the accuracy of this information is highly variable .
OBJECTIVES : The objective of the study was to determine how effectively students can assess the accuracy of Internet-based material when gathering information on a controversial medical topic using simple keyword searches .
METHODS : A group of 34 students from the science magnet high school in Houston , Texas searched for the terms "vaccine safety" and "vaccine danger" using Google and then answered questions regarding the accuracy of the health information on the returned sites .
The students were also asked to describe the lessons they learned in the exercise and to answer questions regarding the strength of evidence for seven statements regarding vaccinations .
Because of the surprising revelation that the majority of students left the exercise with inaccurate information concerning the safety and efficacy of vaccines , these same students participated in a follow-up study in which a fact-based vaccine video was shown , after which the assessment of student knowledge was repeated .
RESULTS : Of the 34 participants , 20 ( 59% ) thought that the Internet sites were accurate on the whole , even though over half of the links ( 22 out of 40 , 55% ) that the students viewed were , in fact , inaccurate on the whole .
A high percentage of the students left the first exercise with significant misconceptions about vaccines ; 18 of the 34 participants ( 53% ) reported inaccurate statements about vaccines in the lessons they learned .
Of the 41 verifiable facts about vaccines that were reported by participants in their lessons-learned statement , 24 of those facts ( 59% ) were incorrect .
Following presentation of the film , the majority of students left the exercise with correct information about vaccines , based on their lessons-learned statement .
In this case , 29 of the 31 participants ( 94% ) reported accurate information about vaccines .
Of the 49 verifiable facts about vaccines that were reported by participants , only 2 ( 4% ) were incorrect .
Students had higher correct scores in the "strength of evidence" exercise following exposure to the video as well .
CONCLUSIONS : Allowing students to use the Internet to gain information about medical topics should be approached with care since students may take away predominantly incorrect information .
It is important to follow up conflicting information with a solid , unambiguous message that communicates those lessons that the instructor deems most important .
This final message should be fact based but may need to contain an anecdotal component to counter the strong emotional message that is often delivered by inaccurate Internet sites .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : A group of 34 students from the science magnet high school in Houston , Texas searched for the terms "vaccine safety" and "vaccine danger" using Google and then answered questions regarding the accuracy of the health information on the returned sites .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The students were also asked to describe the lessons they learned in the exercise and to answer questions regarding the strength of evidence for seven statements regarding vaccinations .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Documenting the current state of the healthy municipalities , cities and communities initiative in the americas .
| | Author: Arteaga E Rice M Franceschini MC | | Journal: Int Q Community Health Educ Citation: V : 28 P : 277-88 Year: 2007-2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19193523 Accession (PMID): 19193523 | | Abstract: The objective of this study was to document the challenges , achievements , and lessons learned in municipalities where the Healthy Municipalities , Cities and Communities ( HMC ) strategy has been implemented in the Americas .
A general survey was distributed through the HMC online network and through the Pan American Health Organization country offices .
Municipalities answered questions regarding the planning , implementation , and evaluation phases of the strategy .
Fifty-seven municipalities answered the survey .
Ninety-three percent of the municipalities had signed a written agreement of political commitment to the HMC strategy .
While 60% of the surveyed municipalities reported having a local health and well being situational analysis , 70% had an HMC Action Plan and only 58% had a follow-up and evaluation plan .
The activities in which municipalities are engaged under the banner of the HMC strategy vary greatly in the Americas Region with varying degrees of success .
Intersectorial collaboration and evaluation continues to be a challenge for the HMC initiative .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Municipalities answered questions regarding the planning , implementation , and evaluation phases of the strategy .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fifty-seven municipalities answered the survey .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Identification of up-regulated genes of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B55 during the early stage of direct surface contact with rice R109 root .
| | Author: Liu J He D Ma X Wu H Gao X | | Journal: Curr Microbiol Citation: V : 62 P : 267-72 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20625734 Accession (PMID): 20625734 | | Abstract: The early stage of plant-rhizobacteria interaction , affected by plant root exudates and plant-rhizobacteria surface contact , is considered to be critical for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria colonizing plant roots and initiating the beneficial effects on plant growth .
However , little is known about the mechanisms of plant-rhizobacteria surface contact involved in early stage of plant-rhizobacteria interaction .
In order to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the surface contact , a rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B55 was interacted with plant roots of rice R109 and used to perform a cDNA-based suppression-subtractive hybridization .
Seven differentially expressed DNA fragments were identified .
Except for the two fragments showing no matches to any known sequences in the Genbank , the other five fragments were found to have high homologies with the genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component OdhA , aspartate ammonia-lyase AnsB , and hypothetical protein proposed to be involved in surface adhesion , acetolactate decarboxylase AlsD , and DNA mismatch repair protein MutL , respectively .
The induced RNA expression levels of two putative genes ansB and odhA and an unmatched DNA fragment BD33 were verified by RT-PCR analysis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Except for the two fragments showing no matches to any known sequences in the Genbank , the other five fragments were found to have high homologies with the genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component OdhA , aspartate ammonia-lyase AnsB , and hypothetical protein proposed to be involved in surface adhesion , acetolactate decarboxylase AlsD , and DNA mismatch repair protein MutL , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The induced RNA expression levels of two putative genes ansB and odhA and an unmatched DNA fragment BD33 were verified by RT-PCR analysis .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Integrated emergy , energy and economic evaluation of rice and vegetable production systems in alluvial paddy fields : implications for agricultural policy in China .
| | Author: Lu H Bai Y Ren H Campbell DE | | Journal: J Environ Manage Citation: V : 91 P : 2727-35 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20702024 Accession (PMID): 20702024 | | Abstract: China is the largest rice producing and consuming country in the world , but rice production has given way to the production of vegetables during the past twenty years .
The government has been trying to stop this land-use conversion and increase the area in rice-vegetable rotation .
Important questions that must be answered to determine what strategy is best for society are , "What is the reason behind this conversion?" ; "Which system is more productive and which is more sustainable?" ; and "How can economic policy be used to adjust the pattern of farmland use to attain sustainable development?" To answer these questions , a combined evaluation of these agricultural production systems was done using emergy , energy and economic methods .
An economic analysis clearly showed that the reason for this conversion was simply that the economic output/input ratio and the benefit density of the vegetable production system were greater than that of rice .
However , both energy and emergy evaluations showed that long-term rice was the best choice for sustainable development , followed by rotation systems .
The current price of rice is lower than the em-value of rice produced from the long-term rice system , but higher than that of rice produced from the rotation system .
Scenario analysis showed that if the government increases the price of rice to the em-value of rice produced from the long-term rice system , US$0 . 4/kg , and takes the value of soil organic matter into account , the economic output/input ratios of both the rice and rotation systems will be higher than that of the vegetable system .
The three methods , energy , emergy and economics , are different but complementary , each revealing a different aspect of the same system .
Their combined use shows not only the reasons behind a systems current state or condition , but also the way to adjust these systems to move toward more sustainable states .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Important questions that must be answered to determine what strategy is best for society are , "What is the reason behind this conversion?" ; "Which system is more productive and which is more sustainable?" ; and "How can economic policy be used to adjust the pattern of farmland use to attain sustainable development?" To answer these questions , a combined evaluation of these agricultural production systems was done using emergy , energy and economic methods .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Mapping genotype to phenotype for linkage analysis .
| | Author: Saccone NL Downey TJ Meyer DJ Neuman RJ Rice JP .
| | Journal: Genet . Epidemiol . Citation: V : 17 Suppl 1 ( ) P : S703-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10597517 Accession (PMID): 10597517 | | Abstract: We model functions that use genetic information as input and trait information as output to understand genetic linkage in complex diseases .
Using simulated data from GAW11 , we have applied categorical classification methods and neural network analysis .
We use sharing at selected markers as input , and the classification of the sib pair ( for example , affected-affected or affected-unaffected ) as output .
In addition , our methods include environmental risk factors as predictors of phenotype .
Categorical and neural network methods each led to results consistent with findings from other methods such as the logistic regression method of Rice et al [ this issue ] .
Post-analysis comparison with the GAW11 answers showed that these methods are capable of detecting correct signals in a single replicate .
One advantage of our methods is that they allow analysis of the entire genome at once , so that interactions among multiple trait-influencing loci may be detected .
Furthermore , these methods can use a variety of sib pairs rather than affected pairs only .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Post-analysis comparison with the GAW11 answers showed that these methods are capable of detecting correct signals in a single replicate .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Detection of Zhang-Rice singlets using spin-polarized photoemission .
| | Author: Brookes NB Ghiringhelli G Tjernberg O Tjeng LH Mizokawa T Li TW Menovsky AA .
| | Journal: Phys . Rev . Lett . Citation: V : 87 ( 23 ) P : 237003 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11736472 Accession (PMID): 11736472 | | Abstract: From a spin-resolved photoemission study on the Bi ( 2 ) Sr ( 2 ) CaCu ( 2 ) O ( 8+delta ) superconductor , we show experimentally that the first ionization state is of nearly pure singlet character .
This is true both above and below the superconducting transition and in the presence of doping and band formation .
This provides direct support for the existence and stability of Zhang-Rice singlets in high-temperature superconductors , justifying the ansatz of single-band models .
Moreover , we establish this technique as an important probe for a wide range of cuprates and strongly correlated materials .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: This provides direct support for the existence and stability of Zhang-Rice singlets in high-temperature superconductors , justifying the ansatz of single-band models .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: A systematic review of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux in infants .
| | Author: Carroll AE Garrison MM Christakis DA .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 156 ( 2 ) P : 109-13 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11814369 Accession (PMID): 11814369 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Nonpharmacological and nonsurgical measures are often recommended for gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) in infants , despite ambiguous supporting evidence .
OBJECTIVE : To conduct a systematic review of rigorously evaluated nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapies for GERD in infants .
DESIGN/METHODS : We searched online bibliographic databases , including MEDLINE , EMBASE , the Cochrane Collaboration and Clinical Trials Database , and alternative medicine databases for the terms gastroesophageal reflux and infants .
We selected randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical GERD therapies in otherwise healthy infants .
Data were extracted from the selected articles regarding reflux , emetic episodes and intraesophageal pH .
RESULTS : We identified 43 relevant studies , of which 10 met the selection criteria .
These studies examined positioning , pacifier use , and feeding changes .
Positioning at a 60 degree elevation in an infant seat was found to increase reflux compared with the prone position .
No significant difference was shown between the flat and head-elevated prone positions .
The impact of pacifier use on reflux frequency was equivocal and dependent on infant position .
The protein content of formula was not found to affect reflux .
Although no study demonstrated a significant reflux-reducing benefit of thickened infant foods compared with placebo , 1 study detected a significant benefit of formula thickened with carob bean gum compared with rice flour ( pH<4 for 5% vs 8% of time ) .
Another study showed that if supplementing with dextrose 5% water or dextrose 10% water , the lower-osmolality fluid was associated with less reflux .
CONCLUSIONS : Many conservative measures commonly used to treat GERD in infants have no proven efficacy .
Although thickened formulas do not appear to reduce measurable reflux , they may reduce vomiting .
Further studies with clinical outcomes are needed to answer questions about efficacy definitively .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further studies with clinical outcomes are needed to answer questions about efficacy definitively .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: [ Steadily changing food consumption of Danes .
Clear trends during the period 1995-2001 ] | | Author: Haraldsdttir J Astrup AV Dynesen AW Holm L | | Journal: Ugeskr . Laeg . Citation: V : 164 ( 15 ) P : 2028-33 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11985001 Accession (PMID): 11985001 | | Abstract: INTRODUCTION : The aim of the study was to describe trends in food habits in Denmark derived from a food frequency survey conducted by the Danish Nutrition Council in 2001 and compare it to similar surveys from 1995 and 1998 .
MATERIAL AND METHODS : A random population sample of 1000 men and women ( aged 15-91 years ) were interviewed by telephone .
They were asked 13 food frequency questions about nutritionally important foods ( yoghurt , milk , cheese , rye bread , wheat bread , sandwiches with fish , fish as the main meal , meat as the main meal , potatoes , rice/pasta , vegetables ( two questions ) fruit ) and about the type of milk and fat spreads most often used .
RESULTS : Several of the changes seen from 1995 to 1998 had continued into the 1998-2001 period .
The results showed increased frequencies for shredded salad/raw vegetables and rice/pasta , but reduced frequencies for meat as the main meal and potatoes .
Fruit consumption had also increased between 1998 and 2001 .
Average frequencies differed by 13-28% .
Another pronounced trend was the increased use of low-fat milk ( < or = 0 . 5% fat ) instead of whole milk ( 42% drinking low-fat milk in 2001 versus 28% in 1998 ) and the greater numbers who did not spread any kind of fat on their bread ( 40% versus 22% in 1995 , for rye bread ) .
DISCUSSION : In general the observed trends point in the right direction in respect of food-based dietary guidelines and other recommendations .
This indicates that the Danish population has been influenced by the nutritional messages and campaigns stressing fat reduction and increased intake of fruit and vegetables .
An important factor in this context is the increasing availability of low-fat milk products on the Danish market .
Whether or not the positive trends for foods included are supported by the rest of the diet remains to be answered .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Whether or not the positive trends for foods included are supported by the rest of the diet remains to be answered .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort .
| | Author: Johansson I Hallmans G Wikman A Biessy C Riboli E Kaaks R | | Journal: Citation: V : 5 ( 3 ) P : 487-96 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12003662 Accession (PMID): 12003662 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : To evaluate the reproducibility of , and to compare and calibrate , diet measures by the Northern Sweden 84-item food-frequency questionnaire ( FFQ ) with measures from 24-hour diet recalls ( 24-HDR ) .
DESIGN : Randomly selected respondents from the EPIC ( diet-cancer ) and MONICA ( diet-cardiovascular disease ) study cohort in Northern Sweden were invited to answer the FFQ twice over a one-year interval ( FFQ1 and FFQ2 ) , and to complete ten 24-hour recalls ( reference method ) in the months between .
Plasma beta-carotene concentrations were determined from a subset of 47 participants .
SETTING : Vsterbotten and Norrbotten , Northern Sweden .
PARTICIPANTS : Ninety-six men and 99 women , who completed the study .
RESULTS : The reproducibility of the FFQ was high in terms of both mean energy and nutrient intakes and relative ranking of participants by intake levels ( median Pearson correlation of 0 . 68 ) .
Moderately higher food intake frequencies were recorded by FFQ1 compared with 24-hour recalls for dairy products , bread/cereals , vegetables , fruits and potato/rice/pasta , whereas meat , fish , sweet snacks and alcoholic beverage intakes were lower .
The median Spearman coefficient of correlation between FFQ1 and the average of ten 24-HDR measurements was 0 . 50 .
Daily energy and nutrient intakes were similar for FFQ1 and 24-HDR measurements , except for fibre , vitamin C , beta-carotene and retinol ( FFQ1>24-HDR ) and sucrose and cholesterol Pearson coefficients of correlation between FFQ1 and 24-HDR corrected for attenuation due to residual day-to-day variation in the 24-HDR measurements ranged from 0 . 36 to 0 . 79 ( median 0 . 54 ) .
Adjustment for energy had only very moderate effects on the correlation estimates .
Calibration coefficients estimated by linear regression of the 24-HDR on the FFQ1 measurements varied between 0 . 30 and 0 . 59 for all nutrients except alcohol , which had calibration coefficients close to 1 . 0 .
These low calibration coefficients indicate that relative risk estimates corresponding to an absolute difference in dietary intake levels measured by the FFQ will generally be biased towards 1 . 0 .
Plasma beta-carotene levels had a Pearson coefficient of correlation of 0 . 47 with the 24-HDR measurements , and of 0 . 23 with FFQ1 measurements .
CONCLUSIONS : The Northern Sweden FFQ measurements have good reproducibility and an estimated level of validity similar to that of FFQ measurements in other prospective cohort studies .
The results from this study will form the basis for the correction of attenuation and regression dilution biases in relative risk estimates , in future studies relating FFQ measurements to disease outcomes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESIGN : Randomly selected respondents from the EPIC ( diet-cancer ) and MONICA ( diet-cardiovascular disease ) study cohort in Northern Sweden were invited to answer the FFQ twice over a one-year interval ( FFQ1 and FFQ2 ) , and to complete ten 24-hour recalls ( reference method ) in the months between .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Agroecosystems , nitrogen-use efficiency , and nitrogen management .
| | Author: Cassman KG Dobermann A Walters DT .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 31 ( 2 ) P : 132-40 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12078002 Accession (PMID): 12078002 | | Abstract: The global challenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in cropping systems that produce maize , rice , and wheat .
Achieving synchrony between N supply and crop demand without excess or deficiency is the key to optimizing trade-offs amongst yield , profit , and environmental protection in both large-scale systems in developed countries and small-scale systems in developing countries .
Setting the research agenda and developing effective policies to meet this challenge requires quantitative understanding of current levels of N-use efficiency and losses in these systems , the biophysical controls on these factors , and the economic returns from adoption of improved management practices .
Although advances in basic biology , ecology , and biogeochemistry can provide answers , the magnitude of the scientific challenge should not be underestimated because it becomes increasingly difficult to control the fate of N in cropping systems that must sustain yield increases on the worlds limited supply of productive farm land . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although advances in basic biology , ecology , and biogeochemistry can provide answers , the magnitude of the scientific challenge should not be underestimated because it becomes increasingly difficult to control the fate of N in cropping systems that must sustain yield increases on the worlds limited supply of productive farm land .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire against 7-day dietary records in four seasons .
| | Author: Lee KY Uchida K Shirota T Kono S | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 48 ( 6 ) P : 467-76 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12775113 Accession (PMID): 12775113 | | Abstract: The validity of a food frequency questionnaire ( FFQ ) was evaluated against four 7-d diet records among 23 men aged 27-70 y .
Volunteer women recorded the amounts of all foods and beverages consumed by their husbands or fathers over a period of 7 d in four consecutive seasons in 1997 and 1998 , and a self-administered FFQ was answered by each man after completion of the fourth diet record .
The diet record was kept in accordance with the method used for Japans National Nutrition Survey .
The FFQ ascertained frequencies and amounts of consumption of rice , bread , noodles , green tea , and coffee : consumption frequency of 35 food items ; and consumption frequency and amount of five alcoholic beverages .
As for most nutrients and foods , mean intakes estimated by the FFQ were lower than those estimated from the diet record .
Crude intake of nutrients showed fairly good agreement between the two methods in terms of Pearsons correlation coefficient ( r > 0 . 5 ) , except for total energy ( r = 0 . 23 ) , fat ( r = 0 . 36 ) , and vitamin A ( r = 0 . 29 ) .
The adjustment for energy intake generally reduced the correlation ; the reduction being fairly large for fat intake and vitamin A ( r = 0 . 19 for both ) .
There was generally good agreement for the intake of foods and beverages with exceptions for fats/oils ( Spearman correlation coefficient , rs = 0 . 30 ) and other vegetables ( rs = 0 . 35 ) .
The highest correlation was observed for alcoholic beverages ( rs = 0 . 91 ) , bread ( rs = 0 . 80 ) , and fruits ( rs = 0 . 77 ) .
An FFQ covering a limited number of common foods may be useful in assessing the relative position of an individuals habitual consumption of foods and nutrients ; however , the instrument generally underestimates absolute intake .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Volunteer women recorded the amounts of all foods and beverages consumed by their husbands or fathers over a period of 7 d in four consecutive seasons in 1997 and 1998 , and a self-administered FFQ was answered by each man after completion of the fourth diet record .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: The wheat mitochondrial genome contains an ORF showing sequence homology to the gene encoding the subunit 6 of the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase .
| | Author: Haouazine N Pereira de Souza A Jubier MF Lancelin D Delcher E Lejeune B | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 20 ( 3 ) P : 395-404 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1421143 Accession (PMID): 1421143 | | Abstract: A region of the mitochondrial ( mt ) DNA of wheat was studied because of its homology with other plant mtDNAs .
Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 247 amino acids .
Comparison of the sequence of the putative polypeptide with the protein sequence data of the Swiss-Prot library reveals homology with subunit 6 of the NADH-ubiquinone complex of mitochondria from Marchantia polymorpha , Podospora anserina , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and of chloroplasts from M polymorpha and Oryza sativa .
No similarity was detected when compared with the subunit 6 of animal mitochondria , probably due to the rapid evolution of the sequence .
A single 1 . 2 kb transcript appears in northern RNA blots .
We found 15 edited sites of which only 13 give amino acid changes .
This is the first report of a mt nad6 gene in higher plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of the sequence of the putative polypeptide with the protein sequence data of the Swiss-Prot library reveals homology with subunit 6 of the NADH-ubiquinone complex of mitochondria from Marchantia polymorpha , Podospora anserina , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and of chloroplasts from M polymorpha and Oryza sativa .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Using rice to understand the origin and amplification of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements ( MITEs ) .
| | Author: Jiang N Feschotte C Zhang X Wessler SR .
| | Journal: Curr . Opin . Plant Biol .
Citation: V : 7 ( 2 ) P : 115-9 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15003209 Accession (PMID): 15003209 | | Abstract: Recent studies of rice miniature inverted repeat transposable elements ( MITEs ) , largely fueled by the availability of genomic sequence , have provided answers to many of the outstanding questions regarding the existence of active MITEs , their source of transposases ( TPases ) and their chromosomal distribution .
Although many questions remain about MITE origins and mode of amplification , data accumulated over the past two years have led to the formulation of testable models . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent studies of rice miniature inverted repeat transposable elements ( MITEs ) , largely fueled by the availability of genomic sequence , have provided answers to many of the outstanding questions regarding the existence of active MITEs , their source of transposases ( TPases ) and their chromosomal distribution .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
