| 15 matches found in 10 documents. Search time: 0.132 seconds. |
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| Title: Rice Virescent3 and Stripe1 Encoding the Large and Small Subunits of Ribonucleotide Reductase Are Required for Chloroplast Biogenesis during Early Leaf Development .
| | Author: Yoo SC Cho SH Sugimoto H Li J Kusumi K Koh HJ Iba K Paek NC | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 150 P : 388-401 Year: 2009 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19297585 Accession (PMID): 19297585 | | Abstract: The virescent3 ( v3 ) and stripe1 ( st1 ) mutants in rice ( Oryza sativa ) produce chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions .
They are temperature-conditional mutants that produce bleached leaves at a constant 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C but almost green leaves under diurnal 30 degrees C/20 degrees C conditions .
Here , we show V3 and St1 , which encode the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase ( RNR ) , RNRL1 , and RNRS1 , respectively .
RNR regulates the rate of deoxyribonucleotide production for DNA synthesis and repair .
RNRL1 and RNRS1 are highly expressed in the shoot base and in young leaves , and the expression of the genes that function in plastid transcription/translation and in photosynthesis is altered in v3 and st1 mutants , indicating that a threshold activity of RNR is required for chloroplast biogenesis in developing leaves .
There are additional RNR homologs in rice , RNRL2 and RNRS2 , and eukaryotic RNRs comprise alpha ( 2 ) beta ( 2 ) heterodimers .
In yeast , RNRL1 interacts with RNRS1 ( RNRL1 : RNRS1 ) and RNRL2 : RNRS2 , but no interaction occurs between other combinations of the large and small subunits .
The interacting activities are RNRL1 : RNRS1 > RNRL1 : rnrs1 ( st1 ) > rnrl1 ( v3 ) : RNRS1 > rnrl1 ( v3 ) : rnrs1 ( st1 ) , which correlate with the degree of chlorosis for each genotype .
This suggests that missense mutations in rnrl1 ( v3 ) and rnrs1 ( st1 ) attenuate the first alphabeta dimerization .
Moreover , wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor , hydroxyurea , produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation , reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants .
We thus propose that upon insufficient activity of RNR , plastid DNA synthesis is preferentially arrested to allow nuclear genome replication in developing leaves , leading to continuous plant growth .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The interacting activities are RNRL1 : RNRS1 > RNRL1 : rnrs1 ( st1 ) > rnrl1 ( v3 ) : RNRS1 > rnrl1 ( v3 ) : rnrs1 ( st1 ) , which correlate with the degree of chlorosis for each genotype .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The virescent3 ( v3 ) and stripe1 ( st1 ) mutants in rice ( Oryza sativa ) produce chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here , we show V3 and St1 , which encode the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase ( RNR ) , RNRL1 , and RNRS1 , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNRL1 and RNRS1 are highly expressed in the shoot base and in young leaves , and the expression of the genes that function in plastid transcription/translation and in photosynthesis is altered in v3 and st1 mutants , indicating that a threshold activity of RNR is required for chloroplast biogenesis in developing leaves .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This suggests that missense mutations in rnrl1 ( v3 ) and rnrs1 ( st1 ) attenuate the first alphabeta dimerization .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor , hydroxyurea , produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation , reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Diversity of microbial genes in paddy soil stressed by cadmium using DGGE ] | | Author: Duan XJ Min H | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Citation: V : 25 ( 5 ) P : 122-6 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15623038 Accession (PMID): 15623038 | | Abstract: Variations of diversity of microbial genes in submerged paddy soil stressed by heavy metal cadmium were studied using modern molecular biotechnology which includes directly extracting total DNA from paddy soil , amplifying 16S rDNA and their V3 variable region by PCR , the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE ) .
Two methods for extraction and purification of microbial DNA were compared .
Bacterial communities were quantified by analyzing the DGGE band patterns .
The genetic clusters and correlative comparison of bacterial communities were analyzed based on the DGGE finger-print .
The results showed that there are some significant differences between bacterial communities in paddy soils treated with different concentrations of cadmium .
The information about effect of cadium on microbial population based on molecular biological techniques are conformed with that from traditional methods , but that obtained about variations of microbial genes in paddy soil is much more than results based on the latter methods .
It could provide a new way and foundation to research microbial gene diversity in contaminated environment . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Variations of diversity of microbial genes in submerged paddy soil stressed by heavy metal cadmium were studied using modern molecular biotechnology which includes directly extracting total DNA from paddy soil , amplifying 16S rDNA and their V3 variable region by PCR , the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Testifying the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 by genetic complementation and further analyzing xa5 ( Xa5 ) in comparison with its homolog TFIIAgamma1 .
| | Author: Jiang GH Xia ZH Zhou YL Wan J Li DY Chen RS Zhai WX Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : 1-13 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16444514 Accession (PMID): 16444514 | | Abstract: The recessive gene xa5 for resistance to bacterial blight resistance of rice is located on chromosome 5 , and evidence based on genetic recombination has been shown to encode a small subunit of the basal transcription factor IIA ( Iyer and McCouch in MPMI 17 ( 12 ) : 1348-1354 , 2004 ) .
However , xa5 has not been demonstrated by a complementation test In this study , we introduced the dominant allele Xa5 into a homozygous xa5-line , which was developed from a cross between IRBB5 ( an indica variety with xa5 ) and Nipponbare ( a japonica variety with Xa5 ) .
Transformation of Xa5 and subsequent segregation analysis confirmed that xa5 is a V39E substitution variant of the gene for TFIIAgamma on chromosome 5 ( TFIIAgamma5 or Xa5 ) .
The rice has an addition gene for TFIIAgamma exists on chromosome 1 ( TFIIAgamma1 ) .
Analysis of the expression patterns of Xa5 ( TFIIAgamma5 ) /xa5 and TFIIAgamma1 revealed that both the genes are constitutively expressed in different rice organs .
However , no expression of TFIIAgamma1 could be detected in the panicle by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction .
To compare the structural difference between the Xa5/xa5 and TFIIAgamma1 proteins , 3-D structures were predicted using computer-aided modeling techniques .
The modeled structures of Xa5 ( xa5 ) and TFIIAgamma1 fit well with the structure of TFIIA small subunit from human , suggesting that they may all act as a small subunit of TFIIA .
The E39V substitution in the xa5 protein occurs in the alpha-helix domain , a supposed conservative substitutable site , which should not affect the basal transcription function of TFIIAgamma .
The structural analysis indicates that xa5 and Xa5 potentially retain their basic transcription factor function , which , in turn , may mediate the novel pathway for bacterial blight resistance and susceptibility , respectively .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transformation of Xa5 and subsequent segregation analysis confirmed that xa5 is a V39E substitution variant of the gene for TFIIAgamma on chromosome 5 ( TFIIAgamma5 or Xa5 ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Testifying the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 by genetic complementation and further analyzing xa5 ( Xa5 ) in comparison with its homolog TFIIAgamma1 .
| | Author: Jiang GH Xia ZH Zhou YL Wan J Li DY Chen RS Zhai WX Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Citation: V : 275 ( 4 ) P : 354-66 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16614777 Accession (PMID): 16614777 | | Abstract: The recessive gene xa5 for resistance to bacterial blight resistance of rice is located on chromosome 5 , and evidence based on genetic recombination has been shown to encode a small subunit of the basal transcription factor IIA ( Iyer and McCouch in MPMI 17 ( 12 ) : 1348-1354 , 2004 ) .
However , xa5 has not been demonstrated by a complementation test In this study , we introduced the dominant allele Xa5 into a homozygous xa5-line , which was developed from a cross between IRBB5 ( an indica variety with xa5 ) and Nipponbare ( a japonica variety with Xa5 ) .
Transformation of Xa5 and subsequent segregation analysis confirmed that xa5 is a V39E substitution variant of the gene for TFIIAgamma on chromosome 5 ( TFIIAgamma5 or Xa5 ) .
The rice has an addition gene for TFIIAgamma exists on chromosome 1 ( TFIIAgamma1 ) .
Analysis of the expression patterns of Xa5 ( TFIIAgamma5 ) /xa5 and TFIIAgamma1 revealed that both the genes are constitutively expressed in different rice organs .
However , no expression of TFIIAgamma1 could be detected in the panicle by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction .
To compare the structural difference between the Xa5/xa5 and TFIIAgamma1 proteins , 3-D structures were predicted using computer-aided modeling techniques .
The modeled structures of Xa5 ( xa5 ) and TFIIAgamma1 fit well with the structure of TFIIA small subunit from human , suggesting that they may all act as a small subunit of TFIIA .
The E39V substitution in the xa5 protein occurs in the alpha-helix domain , a supposed conservative substitutable site , which should not affect the basal transcription function of TFIIAgamma .
The structural analysis indicates that xa5 and Xa5 potentially retain their basic transcription factor function , which , in turn , may mediate the novel pathway for bacterial blight resistance and susceptibility , respectively . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transformation of Xa5 and subsequent segregation analysis confirmed that xa5 is a V39E substitution variant of the gene for TFIIAgamma on chromosome 5 ( TFIIAgamma5 or Xa5 ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Functional morphology of bite mechanics in the great barracuda ( Sphyraena barracuda ) .
| | Author: Grubich JR Rice AN Westneat MW | | Journal: Zoology ( Jena ) Citation: V : 111 P : 16-29 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18082386 Accession (PMID): 18082386 | | Abstract: The great barracuda , Sphyraena barracuda , is a voracious marine predator that captures fish with a swift ram feeding strike .
While aspects of its ram feeding kinematics have been examined , an unexamined aspect of their feeding strategy is the bite mechanism used to process prey .
Barracuda can attack fish larger than the gape of their jaws , and in order to swallow large prey , can sever their prey into pieces with powerful jaws replete with sharp cutting teeth .
Our study examines the functional morphology and biomechanics of ram-biting behavior in great barracuda where the posterior portions of the oral jaws are used to slice through prey .
Using fresh fish and preserved museum specimens , we examined the jaw mechanism of an ontogenetic series of barracuda ranging from 20 g to 8 . 2 kg .
Jaw functional morphology was described from dissections of fresh specimens and bite mechanics were determined from jaw morphometrics using the software MandibLever ( v3 . 2 ) .
High-speed video of barracuda biting ( 1500 framess ( -1 ) ) revealed that prey are impacted at the corner of the mouth during capture in an orthogonal position where rapid repeated bites and short lateral headshakes result in cutting the prey in two .
Predicted dynamic force output of the lower jaw nearly doubles from the tip to the corner of the mouth reaching as high as 58 N in large individuals .
A robust palatine bone embedded with large dagger-like teeth opposes the mandible at the rear of the jaws providing for a scissor-like bite capable of shearing through the flesh and bone of its prey .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Jaw functional morphology was described from dissections of fresh specimens and bite mechanics were determined from jaw morphometrics using the software MandibLever ( v3 . 2 ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
