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Score: 17.00 |
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| Title: Putrescine differently influences the effect of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis in rice cultivars differing in salt resistance .
| | Author: Quinet M Ndayiragije A Lefevre I Lambillotte B Dupont-Gillain CC Lutts S | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 61 P : 2719-33 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20472577 Accession (PMID): 20472577 | | Abstract: Effects of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene production were examined in two rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cultivars [ I Kong Pao ( IKP ) , salt sensitive ; and Pokkali , salt resistant ] grown for 5 d and 12 d in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of putrescine ( 1 mM ) and 0 , 50 , and 100 mM NaCl .
The salt-sensitive ( IKP ) and salt-resistant ( Pokkali ) cultivars differ not only in their mean levels of putrescine , but also in the physiological functions assumed by this molecule in stressed it issues .
Salt stress increased the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant Pokkali and decreased it in the salt-sensitive IKP , suggesting a possible protective function in response to NaCl .
Activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ; EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 17 ) and arginine decarboxylase ( ADC ; EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 19 ) involved in putrescine synthesis were higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP .
Both enzymes were involved in the response to salt stress .
Salt stress also increased diamine oxidase ( DAO ; 1 . 4 . 3 . 6 ) and polyamine oxidase ( PAO EC 1 . 5 . 3 . 11 ) activities in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKP .
Gene expression followed by reverse transcription-PCR suggested that putrescine could have a post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC ( ADCa ) and ODC ( ODCa and ODCb ) but could induce a transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO ( PAOb ) mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plants .
The salt-resistant cultivar Pokkali produced higher amounts of ethylene than the salt-sensitive cultivar IKP , and exogenous putrescine increased ethylene synthesis in both cultivars , suggesting no direct antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathways in rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: Effects of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene production were examined in two rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cultivars [ I Kong Pao ( IKP ) , salt sensitive ; and Pokkali , salt resistant ] grown for 5 d and 12 d in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of putrescine ( 1 mM ) and 0 , 50 , and 100 mM NaCl .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: Salt stress increased the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant Pokkali and decreased it in the salt-sensitive IKP , suggesting a possible protective function in response to NaCl .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Salt stress also increased diamine oxidase ( DAO ; 1 . 4 . 3 . 6 ) and polyamine oxidase ( PAO EC 1 . 5 . 3 . 11 ) activities in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKP .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The salt-sensitive ( IKP ) and salt-resistant ( Pokkali ) cultivars differ not only in their mean levels of putrescine , but also in the physiological functions assumed by this molecule in stressed it issues .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ; EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 17 ) and arginine decarboxylase ( ADC ; EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 19 ) involved in putrescine synthesis were higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The salt-resistant cultivar Pokkali produced higher amounts of ethylene than the salt-sensitive cultivar IKP , and exogenous putrescine increased ethylene synthesis in both cultivars , suggesting no direct antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathways in rice .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both enzymes were involved in the response to salt stress .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene expression followed by reverse transcription-PCR suggested that putrescine could have a post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC ( ADCa ) and ODC ( ODCa and ODCb ) but could induce a transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO ( PAOb ) mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plants .
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Score: 14.00 |
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| Title: Preference and intake frequency of high sodium foods and dishes and their correlations with anthropometric measurements among Malaysian subjects .
| | Author: Choong SS Balan SN Chua LS Say YH | | Journal: Nutr Res Pract Citation: V : 6 P : 238-45 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22808349 Accession (PMID): 22808349 | | Abstract: This study investigated the preference and intake frequency of a list of 15 commonly available high sodium Malaysian foods/dishes , discretionary salt use , and their possible association with demographics , blood pressures and anthropometric measurements among 300 Malaysian university students ( 114 males , 186 females ; 259 ethnic Chinese , 41 Indians ; 220 lean , 80 overweight ) .
French fries and instant soup noodle were found to be the most preferred and most frequently consumed salty food , respectively , while salted fish was least preferred and least frequently consumed .
Males had a significantly higher intake frequency of at least 6 of the salty foods , but the preference of most salty foods was not significantly different between genders .
Ethnic Chinese significantly preferred more and took more frequently traditional and conventional Malaysian foods like asam laksa ( a Malaysian salty-sour-spicy noodle in fish stock ) , salted biscuits and salted vegetable , while Indians have more affinity and frequency towards eating salty Western foods .
Body Mass Index was significantly negatively correlated with the intake frequency of canned/packet soup and salted fish while waist circumference was significantly positively correlated with the preference of instant noodle .
Also , an increased preference of potato chips and intake frequency of salted biscuits seemed to lead to a decreased WHR .
Other than these , all the other overweight/obesity indicators did not seem to fully correlate with the salty food preference and intake frequency .
Nevertheless , the preference and intake frequency of asam laksa seemed to be significant negative predictors for blood pressures .
Finally , increased preference and intake frequency of high sodium shrimp paste ( belacan ) -based foods like asam laksa and belacan fried rice seemed to discourage discretionary salt use .
In conclusion , the preference and intake frequency of the high sodium belacan-based dish asam laksa seems to be a good predictor for ethnic difference , discretionary salt use and blood pressures .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 4.00 ]: Ethnic Chinese significantly preferred more and took more frequently traditional and conventional Malaysian foods like asam laksa ( a Malaysian salty-sour-spicy noodle in fish stock ) , salted biscuits and salted vegetable , while Indians have more affinity and frequency towards eating salty Western foods .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: French fries and instant soup noodle were found to be the most preferred and most frequently consumed salty food , respectively , while salted fish was least preferred and least frequently consumed .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Males had a significantly higher intake frequency of at least 6 of the salty foods , but the preference of most salty foods was not significantly different between genders .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study investigated the preference and intake frequency of a list of 15 commonly available high sodium Malaysian foods/dishes , discretionary salt use , and their possible association with demographics , blood pressures and anthropometric measurements among 300 Malaysian university students ( 114 males , 186 females ; 259 ethnic Chinese , 41 Indians ; 220 lean , 80 overweight ) .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Body Mass Index was significantly negatively correlated with the intake frequency of canned/packet soup and salted fish while waist circumference was significantly positively correlated with the preference of instant noodle .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Also , an increased preference of potato chips and intake frequency of salted biscuits seemed to lead to a decreased WHR .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Other than these , all the other overweight/obesity indicators did not seem to fully correlate with the salty food preference and intake frequency .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , increased preference and intake frequency of high sodium shrimp paste ( belacan ) -based foods like asam laksa and belacan fried rice seemed to discourage discretionary salt use .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In conclusion , the preference and intake frequency of the high sodium belacan-based dish asam laksa seems to be a good predictor for ethnic difference , discretionary salt use and blood pressures .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: An ABRE-binding factor , OSBZ8 , is highly expressed in salt tolerant cultivars than in salt sensitive cultivars of indica rice .
| | Author: Mukherjee K Choudhury AR Gupta B Gupta S Sengupta DN .
| | Journal: BMC Plant Biol .
Citation: V : 6 ( ) P : 18 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16939657 Accession (PMID): 16939657 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The bZIP class Abscisic acid Responsive Element ( ABRE ) -binding factor , OSBZ8 ( 38 . 5 kD ) has been considered to regulate ABA-mediated transcription in the suspension cultured cells of japonica rice .
Still , nothing is known about the expression of OSBZ8 at protein level in vegetative it issue of salt sensitive and salt tolerant rice plants .
In our previous study , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ( EMSA ) of [ 32P ] ABRE-DNA and nuclear extracts prepared from the lamina of Pokkali rice plants has detected the presence of an ABRE-binding factor .
Northern analysis has also detected salinity stress induced accumulation of transcripts for bZIP class of factor .
Therefore , OSBZ8 was considered to play an important role in the regulation of transcription in the vegetative it issue of rice .
The aim of this study is to find out whether OSBZ8 has any role in regulating the NaCl-stress induced gene expression in vegetative it issue and whether the expression of OSBZ8 factor directly correlates with the stress tolerance of different varieties of indica type rice .
RESULTS : Northern analysis of total RNA from roots and lamina of salt-sensitive M-I-48 and salt-tolerant Nonabokra , when probed with the N-terminal unique region of OSBZ8 ( OSBZ8p , without the highly conserved basic region ) , a transcript of 1 . 3 kb hybridized and its level was much higher in tolerant cultivar .
EMSA with Em1a , the strongest ABA Responsive Element till reported from the upstream of EmBP1 , and the nuclear extracts from laminar it issue of untreated and salt-treated seedlings of three salt sensitive , one moderately sensitive and two salt tolerant indica rice cultivars showed specific binding of nuclear factor to ABRE element .
Intensity of binding was low and inducible in salt sensitive rice cultivars while high and constitutive in salt tolerant cultivars .
EMSA with 300 bp 5upstream region of Rab16A gene , a well known salt stress and ABA-inducible gene of rice , showed formation of two complexes , again very weak in salt sensitive and strong in salt tolerant rice cultivar .
CONCLUSION : The bZIP factor OSBZ8 was found to be present in the ABRE-DNA : protein complex as shown by the supershift of the complex by the purified antiserum raised against OSBZ8p .
Treatment of the seedlings with NaCl was found to enhance the complex formation , suggesting the regulation of OSBZ8 gene at both transcriptional and post-translational steps .
Comparative EMSA with different varieties of rice suggests a positive correlation with the expression pattern of OSBZ8 and salt tolerance in rice cultivars . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: EMSA with Em1a , the strongest ABA Responsive Element till reported from the upstream of EmBP1 , and the nuclear extracts from laminar it issue of untreated and salt-treated seedlings of three salt sensitive , one moderately sensitive and two salt tolerant indica rice cultivars showed specific binding of nuclear factor to ABRE element .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 3.00 ]: EMSA with 300 bp 5upstream region of Rab16A gene , a well known salt stress and ABA-inducible gene of rice , showed formation of two complexes , again very weak in salt sensitive and strong in salt tolerant rice cultivar .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Still , nothing is known about the expression of OSBZ8 at protein level in vegetative it issue of salt sensitive and salt tolerant rice plants .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: RESULTS : Northern analysis of total RNA from roots and lamina of salt-sensitive M-I-48 and salt-tolerant Nonabokra , when probed with the N-terminal unique region of OSBZ8 ( OSBZ8p , without the highly conserved basic region ) , a transcript of 1 . 3 kb hybridized and its level was much higher in tolerant cultivar .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Intensity of binding was low and inducible in salt sensitive rice cultivars while high and constitutive in salt tolerant cultivars .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparative EMSA with different varieties of rice suggests a positive correlation with the expression pattern of OSBZ8 and salt tolerance in rice cultivars .
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Score: 13.00 |
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| Title: A history of salt .
| | Author: Cirillo M Capasso G Di Leo VA De Santo NG .
| | Journal: Am .
J Nephrol .
Citation: V : 14 ( 4-6 ) P : 426-31 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7847480 Accession (PMID): 7847480 | | Abstract: The medical history of salt begins in ancient times and is closely related to different aspects of human history .
Salt may be extracted from sea water , mineral deposits , surface encrustations , saline lakes and brine springs .
In many inland areas , wood was used as a fuel source for evaporation of brine and this practice led to major deafforestation in central Europe .
Salt played a central role in the economies of many regions , and is often reflected in place names .
Salt was also used as a basis for population censuses and taxation , and salt monopolies were practised in many states .
Salt was sometimes implicated in the outbreak of conflict , eg the French Revolution and the Indian War of Independence .
Salt has also been invested with many cultural and religious meanings , from the ancient Egyptians to the Middle Ages .
Mans innate appetite for salt may be related to his evolution from predominantly vegetarian anthropoids , and it is noteworthy that those people who live mainly on protein and milk or who drink salty water do not generally salt their food , whereas those who live mainly on vegetables , rice and cereals use much more salt .
Medicinal use tended to emphasize the positive aspects of salt , eg prevention of putrefaction , reduction of it issue swelling , treatment of diarrhea .
Evidence was also available to ancient peoples of its relationship to fertility , particularly in domestic animals .
The history of salt thus represents a unique example for studying the impact of a widely used dietary substance on different important aspects of mans life , including medical philosophy .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 4.00 ]: Mans innate appetite for salt may be related to his evolution from predominantly vegetarian anthropoids , and it is noteworthy that those people who live mainly on protein and milk or who drink salty water do not generally salt their food , whereas those who live mainly on vegetables , rice and cereals use much more salt .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Salt was also used as a basis for population censuses and taxation , and salt monopolies were practised in many states .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The medical history of salt begins in ancient times and is closely related to different aspects of human history .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Salt may be extracted from sea water , mineral deposits , surface encrustations , saline lakes and brine springs .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Salt played a central role in the economies of many regions , and is often reflected in place names .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Salt was sometimes implicated in the outbreak of conflict , eg the French Revolution and the Indian War of Independence .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Salt has also been invested with many cultural and religious meanings , from the ancient Egyptians to the Middle Ages .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Medicinal use tended to emphasize the positive aspects of salt , eg prevention of putrefaction , reduction of it issue swelling , treatment of diarrhea .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The history of salt thus represents a unique example for studying the impact of a widely used dietary substance on different important aspects of mans life , including medical philosophy .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 12.00 |
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| Title: Salt-responsive genes in rice revealed by cDNA microarray analysis .
| | Author: Chao DY Luo YH Shi M Luo D Lin HX .
| | Journal: Cell Res .
Citation: V : 15 ( 10 ) P : 796-810 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16246269 Accession (PMID): 16246269 | | Abstract: We used cDNA microarrays containing approximately 9 , 000 unigenes to identify 486 salt responsive expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) ( representing approximately 450 unigenes ) in shoots of the highly salt-tolerant rice variety , Nona Bokra ( Oryza sativa L ssp .
Indica pv .
Nona ) .
Some of the genes identified in this study had previously been associated with salt stress .
However the majority were novel , indicating that there is a great number of genes that are induced by salt exposure .
Analysis of the salt stress expression profile data of Nona provided clues regarding some putative cellular and molecular processes that are undertaken by this tolerant rice variety in response to salt stress .
Namely , we found that multiple transcription factors were induced during the initial salt response of shoots .
Many genes whose encoded proteins are implicated in detoxification , protectant and transport were rapidly induced .
Genes supporting photosynthesis were repressed and those supporting carbohydrate metabolism were altered .
Commonality among the genes induced by salt exposure with those induced during senescence and biotic stress responses suggests that there are shared signaling pathways among these processes .
We further compared the transcriptome changes of the salt-sensitive cultivar , IR28 , with that of Nona rice .
Many genes that are salt responsive in Nona were found to be differentially regulated in IR28 .
This study identified a large number of candidate functional genes that appear to be involved in salt tolerance and further examination of these genes may enable the molecular basis of salt tolerance to be elucidated . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: We used cDNA microarrays containing approximately 9 , 000 unigenes to identify 486 salt responsive expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) ( representing approximately 450 unigenes ) in shoots of the highly salt-tolerant rice variety , Nona Bokra ( Oryza sativa L ssp .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Analysis of the salt stress expression profile data of Nona provided clues regarding some putative cellular and molecular processes that are undertaken by this tolerant rice variety in response to salt stress .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: This study identified a large number of candidate functional genes that appear to be involved in salt tolerance and further examination of these genes may enable the molecular basis of salt tolerance to be elucidated .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some of the genes identified in this study had previously been associated with salt stress .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: However the majority were novel , indicating that there is a great number of genes that are induced by salt exposure .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Namely , we found that multiple transcription factors were induced during the initial salt response of shoots .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Commonality among the genes induced by salt exposure with those induced during senescence and biotic stress responses suggests that there are shared signaling pathways among these processes .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: We further compared the transcriptome changes of the salt-sensitive cultivar , IR28 , with that of Nona rice .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many genes that are salt responsive in Nona were found to be differentially regulated in IR28 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
