Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Purification and comparative neurotoxicity of the trichothecenes satratoxin g and roridin l2 from stachybotrys chartarum .
| | Author: Islam Z Shinozuka J Harkema JR Pestka JJ | | Journal: J Toxicol Environ Health A Citation: V : 72 P : 1242-51 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20077192 Accession (PMID): 20077192 | | Abstract: Satratoxin G ( SG ) , a macrocyclic trichothecene produced by Stachybotrys chartarum , induces apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells as well as nasal olfactory sensory neurons ( OSN ) in the nose and brain of mice exposed intranasally to this toxin .
The purposes of this study were to ( 1 ) develop a facile method for production and purification of both SG and its putative biosynthetic precursor , roridin L2 ( RL2 ) , from S chartarum cultures and ( 2 ) compare their relative neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo .
Stachybotrys chartarum 29-58-17 was cultured in Fernbach flasks on rice ( 5 x 10 ( 5 ) spores/250 g rice ) for 4 to 6 wk .
Following extraction with acetonitrile , the extract was dried , dissolved in dichloromethane , and subjected to Michel-Miller silica-gel chromatography using a stepwise acetonitrile-dichloromethane gradient with SG and RL2 eluting in the 30 and 40% acetonitrile fractions , respectively .
Purification of the two compounds was completed by C18 semipreparative reverse-phase liquid chromatography using an acetonitrile-water gradient , and purity was confirmed by electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation ( ESI-CID ) tandem mass spectroscopy .
Although viability significantly decreased in PC-12 neuronal cells treated with 10 to 25 ng/ml of SG , RL2 at concentrations up to 1000 ng/ml was not toxic .
Flow cytometry and agarose DNA fragmentation assays revealed that SG at 10 to 25 ng/ml induced apoptotic death in the PC-12 cells , while RL2 at concentrations up to 1000 ng/ml was without effect .
In a similar fashion , intranasal exposure of mice ( female B6C3F1 ) to SG at 100 microg/kg body weight ( bw ) induced marked OSN apoptosis and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium , whereas RL2 at the equivalent dose did not exhibit toxicity .
Taken together , an optimized protocol for production and isolation of trichothecenes from S chartarum cultures is described and further demonstrates that while the macrocyclic SG was neurotoxic in vitro and in vivo , its biosynthetic precursor , RL2 , was nontoxic .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The purposes of this study were to ( 1 ) develop a facile method for production and purification of both SG and its putative biosynthetic precursor , roridin L2 ( RL2 ) , from S chartarum cultures and ( 2 ) compare their relative neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Following extraction with acetonitrile , the extract was dried , dissolved in dichloromethane , and subjected to Michel-Miller silica-gel chromatography using a stepwise acetonitrile-dichloromethane gradient with SG and RL2 eluting in the 30 and 40% acetonitrile fractions , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although viability significantly decreased in PC-12 neuronal cells treated with 10 to 25 ng/ml of SG , RL2 at concentrations up to 1000 ng/ml was not toxic .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Flow cytometry and agarose DNA fragmentation assays revealed that SG at 10 to 25 ng/ml induced apoptotic death in the PC-12 cells , while RL2 at concentrations up to 1000 ng/ml was without effect .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In a similar fashion , intranasal exposure of mice ( female B6C3F1 ) to SG at 100 microg/kg body weight ( bw ) induced marked OSN apoptosis and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium , whereas RL2 at the equivalent dose did not exhibit toxicity .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Taken together , an optimized protocol for production and isolation of trichothecenes from S chartarum cultures is described and further demonstrates that while the macrocyclic SG was neurotoxic in vitro and in vivo , its biosynthetic precursor , RL2 , was nontoxic .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Stimulatory effects of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 on rice straw decomposing .
| | Author: Zhang Q Cai W Wang J | | Journal: J Environ Sci ( China ) Citation: V : 20 P : 975-80 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18817078 Accession (PMID): 18817078 | | Abstract: Biosurfactant , produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 , was added to the rice straw decomposing process to enhance the production of reducing sugars .
Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed ( FT-IR ) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR ) analysis , the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2 , which are two different types of rhamnolipids .
Two different adding methods , adding the purified rhamnolipid and the on-site production of it were compared .
The results showed that 0 . 5 g/L was the optimum concentration for adding purified rhamnolipid and the optimum temperature for on-site production was 30 degrees C for the first 48 h and 34 degrees C for the next 48 h .
Under the optimum conditions , these two adding methods could improve the production of reducing sugar to 2 . 730 and 2 . 504 g/L , which was 22 . 30% and 12 . 20% higher than that of the rhamnolipid-free sample , respectively , which indicated that both of them were more effective than any other kind of surfactant discussed in this article .
As the on-site production of rhamnolipid could omit the purification process , thus reducing the production cost effectively , it seemed to be a prospective adding method of the biosurfactant for enhancing rice straw decomposing .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed ( FT-IR ) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR ) analysis , the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2 , which are two different types of rhamnolipids .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of a rice mutant with narrow and rolled leaves .
| | Author: Wu C Fu Y Hu G Si H Cheng S Liu W | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 232 P : 313-24 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20443024 Accession (PMID): 20443024 | | Abstract: Appropriate leaf shape has proved to be useful in improving photosynthesis and increasing grain yield .
To understand the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis , we identified a rice mutant nrl1 , which was characterized by a phenotype of narrow and rolled leaves .
Microscopic observation showed that the mutation significantly decreased the number of vascular bundles of leaf and stem .
Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation was controlled by a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene .
To isolate the nrl1 gene , 756 F ( 2 ) and F ( 3 ) mutant individuals from a cross of the nrl1 mutant with Longtepu were used and a high-resolution physical map of the chromosomal region around the nrl1 gene was made .
Finally , the gene was mapped in 16 . 5 kb region between marker RL21 and marker RL36 within the BAC clone OSJNBa0027H05 .
Cloning and sequencing of the target region from the mutant showed that there was a 58 bp deletion within the second exon of the cellulose synthase-like D4 gene ( TIGR locus Os12g36890 ) .
The nrl1 mutation was rescued by transformation with the wild-type cellulose synthase-like D4 gene .
Accordingly , the cellulose synthase-like D4 gene was identified as the NRL1 gene .
NRL1 was transcribed in various it issues and was mainly expressed in panicles and internodes .
NAL7 and SLL1 were found to be upregulated , whereas OsAGO7 were downregulated in the nrl1 mutant .
These findings suggested that there might be a functional association between these genes in regulating leaf development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , the gene was mapped in 16 . 5 kb region between marker RL21 and marker RL36 within the BAC clone OSJNBa0027H05 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
