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Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of pullulanase ( PUL ) -deficient mutants of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and the function of PUL on starch biosynthesis in the developing rice endosperm .
| | Author: Fujita N Toyosawa Y Utsumi Y Higuchi T Hanashiro I Ikegami A Akuzawa S Yoshida M Mori A Inomata K Itoh R Miyao A Hirochika H Satoh H Nakamura Y | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 60 P : 1009-23 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19190097 Accession (PMID): 19190097 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) allelic sugary1 ( sug1 ) mutants defective in isoamylase 1 ( ISA1 ) accumulate varying levels of starch and phytoglycogen in their endosperm , and the activity of a pullulanase-type of a debranching enzyme ( PUL ) was found to correlate closely with the severity of the sug1 phenotype .
Thus , three PUL-deficient mutants were generated to investigate the function of PUL in starch biosynthesis .
The reduction of PUL activity had no pleiotropic effects on the other enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis .
The short chains ( DP < or = 13 ) of amylopectin in PUL mutants were increased compared with that of the wild type , but the extent of the changes was much smaller than that of sug1 mutants .
The alpha-glucan composition [ amylose , amylopectin , water-soluble polysaccharide ( WSP ) ] and the structure of the starch components ( amylose and amylopectin ) of the PUL mutants were essentially the same , although the average chain length of the B ( 2-3 ) chains of amylopectin in the PUL mutant was approximately 3 residues longer than that of the wild type .
The double mutants between the PUL-null and mild sug1 mutants still retained starch in the outer layer of endosperm it issue , while the amounts of WSP and short chains ( DP < or = 7 ) of amylopectin were higher than those of the sug1 mutant ; this indicates that the PUL function partially overlaps with that of ISA1 and its deficiency has a much smaller effect on the synthesis of amylopectin than ISA1 deficiency and the variation of the sug1 phenotype is not significantly dependent on the PUL activities .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: The double mutants between the PUL-null and mild sug1 mutants still retained starch in the outer layer of endosperm it issue , while the amounts of WSP and short chains ( DP < or = 7 ) of amylopectin were higher than those of the sug1 mutant ; this indicates that the PUL function partially overlaps with that of ISA1 and its deficiency has a much smaller effect on the synthesis of amylopectin than ISA1 deficiency and the variation of the sug1 phenotype is not significantly dependent on the PUL activities .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) allelic sugary1 ( sug1 ) mutants defective in isoamylase 1 ( ISA1 ) accumulate varying levels of starch and phytoglycogen in their endosperm , and the activity of a pullulanase-type of a debranching enzyme ( PUL ) was found to correlate closely with the severity of the sug1 phenotype .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Thus , three PUL-deficient mutants were generated to investigate the function of PUL in starch biosynthesis .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The alpha-glucan composition [ amylose , amylopectin , water-soluble polysaccharide ( WSP ) ] and the structure of the starch components ( amylose and amylopectin ) of the PUL mutants were essentially the same , although the average chain length of the B ( 2-3 ) chains of amylopectin in the PUL mutant was approximately 3 residues longer than that of the wild type .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The reduction of PUL activity had no pleiotropic effects on the other enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The short chains ( DP < or = 13 ) of amylopectin in PUL mutants were increased compared with that of the wild type , but the extent of the changes was much smaller than that of sug1 mutants .
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Effect of organosolv and soda pulping processes on the metals content of non-woody pulps .
| | Author: Gonzalez M Canton L Rodriguez A Labidi J | | Journal: Bioresour Technol Citation: V : 99 P : 6621-5 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18226892 Accession (PMID): 18226892 | | Abstract: In this work the effect of different pulping processes ( ethyleneglycol , diethyleneglycol , ethanolamine and soda ) of tow abounded raw materials ( empty fruit bunches - EFB and rice straw ) on the ash , silicates and metals ( Fe , Zn , Cu , Pb , Mn , Ni and Cd ) content of the obtained pulps have been studied .
Results showed that pulps obtained by diethyleneglycol pulping process presented lower metals content ( 756 microg/g and 501 microg/g for EFB and rice straw pulp , respectively ) than soda pulps ( 984 microg/g and 889 microg/g ) .
Ethanolamine pulps presented values of holocellulose ( 74% and 77% for EFB and rice straw pulp , respectively ) , alpha-cellulose ( 74% and 69% ) , kappa number ( 18 . 7 and 18 . 5 ) and viscosity ( 612 and 90 6ml/g ) similar to those of soda pulp , and lower lignin contents ( 11% and 12% ) .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 4.00 ]: Results showed that pulps obtained by diethyleneglycol pulping process presented lower metals content ( 756 microg/g and 501 microg/g for EFB and rice straw pulp , respectively ) than soda pulps ( 984 microg/g and 889 microg/g ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: Ethanolamine pulps presented values of holocellulose ( 74% and 77% for EFB and rice straw pulp , respectively ) , alpha-cellulose ( 74% and 69% ) , kappa number ( 18 . 7 and 18 . 5 ) and viscosity ( 612 and 90 6ml/g ) similar to those of soda pulp , and lower lignin contents ( 11% and 12% ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: In this work the effect of different pulping processes ( ethyleneglycol , diethyleneglycol , ethanolamine and soda ) of tow abounded raw materials ( empty fruit bunches - EFB and rice straw ) on the ash , silicates and metals ( Fe , Zn , Cu , Pb , Mn , Ni and Cd ) content of the obtained pulps have been studied .
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Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging .
| | Author: Waldstein SR Rice SC Thayer JF Najjar SS Scuteri A Zonderman AB | | Journal: Hypertension Citation: V : 51 P : 99-104 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18025297 Accession (PMID): 18025297 | | Abstract: Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity , markers of arterial stiffness , have been associated with stroke , dementia , and lowered levels of cognitive function .
Here we examine longitudinal relations of pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity to multiple domains of cognitive function among nondemented , stroke-free persons .
Up to 1749 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging completed tests of verbal and nonverbal memory , attention , perceptuo-motor speed , confrontation naming , executive functions , and cognitive screening measures , as well as concurrent sphygmomanometric assessment of blood pressure ( for derivation of pulse pressure ) on 1 to 8 occasions over 14 years .
A subset of pulse wave velocity and cognitive assessment on 1 to 6 occasions over 11 years .
Results of mixed-effects regression models revealed a prospective decline on tests of verbal learning , nonverbal memory , working memory , and a cognitive screening measure among those with increasing levels of pulse pressure ( P<0 . 05 ) .
Persons with higher baseline pulse wave velocity also exhibited prospective decline on tests of verbal learning and delayed recall , nonverbal memory , and a cognitive screening measure ( P<0 . 05 ) .
Markers of arterial stiffness are associated prospectively with cognitive decline before dementia .
Aggressive treatment of risk factors associated with greater arterial stiffness may help preserve cognitive function with individuals increasing age .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity , markers of arterial stiffness , have been associated with stroke , dementia , and lowered levels of cognitive function .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Here we examine longitudinal relations of pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity to multiple domains of cognitive function among nondemented , stroke-free persons .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Up to 1749 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging completed tests of verbal and nonverbal memory , attention , perceptuo-motor speed , confrontation naming , executive functions , and cognitive screening measures , as well as concurrent sphygmomanometric assessment of blood pressure ( for derivation of pulse pressure ) on 1 to 8 occasions over 14 years .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A subset of pulse wave velocity and cognitive assessment on 1 to 6 occasions over 11 years .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Results of mixed-effects regression models revealed a prospective decline on tests of verbal learning , nonverbal memory , working memory , and a cognitive screening measure among those with increasing levels of pulse pressure ( P<0 . 05 ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Persons with higher baseline pulse wave velocity also exhibited prospective decline on tests of verbal learning and delayed recall , nonverbal memory , and a cognitive screening measure ( P<0 . 05 ) .
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Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Pullulanase from rice endosperm .
| | Author: Yamasaki Y Nakashima S Konno H | | Journal: Acta Biochim Pol Citation: V : 55 P : 507-10 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18787715 Accession (PMID): 18787715 | | Abstract: Pullulanase ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 41 ) in non-germinating seeds was compared with that in germinating seeds .
Moreover , pullulanase from the endosperm of rice ( Oryza sativa L , cv .
Hinohikari ) seeds was isolated and its properties investigated .
The pI value of pullulanase from seeds after 8 days of germination was almost equal to that from non-germinating seeds , which shows that these two enzymes are the same protein .
Therefore , the same pullulanase may play roles in both starch synthesis during ripening and starch degradation during germination in rice seeds .
The enzyme was isolated by a procedure that included ammonium sulfate fractionation , DEAE-cellulofine column chromatography , preparative isoelectric focusing , and preparative disc gel electrophoresis .
The enzyme was homogeneous by SDS/PAGE .
The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 100 000 based on its mobility on SDS/PAGE and 105 000 based on gel filtration with TSKgel super SW 3000 , which showed that it was composed of a single unit .
The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4 . 7 .
The enzyme was strongly inhibited by beta-cyclodextrin .
The enzyme was not activated by thiol reagents such as dithiothreitol , 2-mercaptoethanol or glutathione .
The enzyme most preferably hydrolyzed pullulan and liberated only maltotriose .
The pullulan hydrolysis was strongly inhibited by the substrate at a concentration higher than 0 . 1% .
The degree of inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of pullulan .
However , the enzyme hydrolyzed amylopectin , soluble starch and beta-limit dextrin more rapidly as their concentrations increased .
The enzyme exhibited alpha-glucosyltransfer activity and produced an alpha-1 , 6-linked compound of two maltotriose molecules from pullulan .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pullulanase ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 41 ) in non-germinating seeds was compared with that in germinating seeds .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , pullulanase from the endosperm of rice ( Oryza sativa L , cv .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The pI value of pullulanase from seeds after 8 days of germination was almost equal to that from non-germinating seeds , which shows that these two enzymes are the same protein .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Therefore , the same pullulanase may play roles in both starch synthesis during ripening and starch degradation during germination in rice seeds .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enzyme most preferably hydrolyzed pullulan and liberated only maltotriose .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: The pullulan hydrolysis was strongly inhibited by the substrate at a concentration higher than 0 . 1% .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: The degree of inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of pullulan .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enzyme exhibited alpha-glucosyltransfer activity and produced an alpha-1 , 6-linked compound of two maltotriose molecules from pullulan .
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Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Resection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcomatous metastases is associated with long-term survival | | Author: Blackmon SH Shah N Roth JA Correa AM Vaporciyan AA Rice DC Hofstetter W Walsh GL Benjamin R Pollock R Swisher SG Mehran R | | Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Citation: V : 88 P : 877-84 ; discussion 884-5 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19699915 Accession (PMID): 19699915 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The presence of extrapulmonary sarcomatous metastases has traditionally been a contraindication for the resection of pulmonary metastases .
We , therefore , reviewed our experience with resection of pulmonary metastases in patients who had documented extrapulmonary metastases to determine long-term outcome .
METHODS : From 1998 to 2006 , 234 patients underwent pulmonary metastasectomy .
They were grouped as follows : group A ( lung metastasectomy only ) ; group B1 ( with either synchronous or prior extrapulmonary metastasectomy ) ; group B2 ( with nonsurgical treatment of synchronous or prior extrapulmonary metastases ) ; group C1 ( with later extrapulmonary metastasectomy ) ; group C2 ( with later extrapulmonary metastasis which was not resected ) .
RESULTS : Groups A , B1 , and B2 consisted of 147 ( 62 . 8% ) , 26 ( 11 . 1% ) , and 13 ( 5 . 6% ) patients , respectively .
The median survival from lung metastasectomy date was 35 . 5 , 37 . 8 , and 13 . 5 months in groups A , B1 , and B2 , respectively .
Comparison among the three groups showed no significant survival difference in groups A versus B1 ( p = 0 . 96 ) , but a survival difference was found comparing groups A versus B2 ( p < 0 . 001 ) and B1 versus B2 ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
Prognostic factors for increased survival included 3 or greater redo pulmonary operations , greater than 12 month mean time between pulmonary recurrences , greater than 24 month mean time between extrathoracic recurrences , and a prolonged disease-free interval Prognostic factors for decreased survival included 3 or greater pulmonary metastases and group B2 patients .
CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest extrapulmonary metastases should no longer be viewed as a contraindication to resection of sarcomatous pulmonary metastases .
Long-term survival can be achieved when a complete resection is possible for both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary metastases .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: Prognostic factors for increased survival included 3 or greater redo pulmonary operations , greater than 12 month mean time between pulmonary recurrences , greater than 24 month mean time between extrathoracic recurrences , and a prolonged disease-free interval Prognostic factors for decreased survival included 3 or greater pulmonary metastases and group B2 patients .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : The presence of extrapulmonary sarcomatous metastases has traditionally been a contraindication for the resection of pulmonary metastases .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We , therefore , reviewed our experience with resection of pulmonary metastases in patients who had documented extrapulmonary metastases to determine long-term outcome .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : From 1998 to 2006 , 234 patients underwent pulmonary metastasectomy .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest extrapulmonary metastases should no longer be viewed as a contraindication to resection of sarcomatous pulmonary metastases .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Long-term survival can be achieved when a complete resection is possible for both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary metastases .
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