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Score: 26.00 |
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| Title: Effect of rice and other cereal grains on growth performance , pig removal , and antibiotic treatment of weaned pigs under commercial conditions .
| | Author: Che TM Perez VG Song M Pettigrew JE | | Journal: J Anim Sci Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22829618 Accession (PMID): 22829618 | | Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of rice and other cereal grains on growth performance and health of weanling pigs .
Pigs ( 1 , 008 in Exp .
1 and 3 and 1 , 004 in Exp .
2 ; 21 d old ) with an initial BW of 5 . 8 +/- 1 . 0 kg were used .
Pigs in each experiment were divided into 3 BW blocks ( heavy , medium , or light ) in each of 4 rooms , resulting in 12 blocks per experiment .
Each pen within a block had 20 or 21 pigs and equal sex distribution .
Pens were allotted to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design .
Pigs were fed in a 4-phase feeding program with Phases 1 and 2 of 1 wk each and Phases 3 and 4 of 2 wk each .
Diets were formulated to meet the same nutritional standards within each phase .
In Exp .
1 , effects of different cereal grains on pig performance and removal rate ( mortality plus morbidity ) were investigated .
Pigs were fed 4 diets based on corn , barley , rolled oats , or rice as the only cereal grain .
Over a 6-wk period , the ADG of pigs fed rice was greater ( P < 0 . 01 ) than those pigs fed barley , but not different from those pigs fed corn or rolled oats .
Pigs fed corn or rice did not differ in ADFI , which was greater ( P < 0 . 05 ) than those pigs fed barley .
The overall removal rate of pigs fed rice or barley was reduced as compared with those pigs fed rolled oats ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and tended to be less than those pigs fed corn ( P = 0 . 075 ) .
Experiment 2 was conducted to determine if the benefits observed in Exp .
1 could be obtained by feeding rice for less than 6 wk .
Treatments included rice diets fed for 0 , 1 , 2 , or 4 wk before changing to corn diets .
All pigs received a common diet during wk 5 and 6 .
Pig performance and antibiotic treatments did not differ among dietary treatments .
However , pigs fed rice for 1 , 2 , or 4 wk had a reduced overall removal rate ( P < 0 . 05 ) compared with those fed corn .
Experiment 3 was conducted to investigate if the amount of rice fed in wk 1 could be reduced without reducing pig performance .
Rice replaced 0 , 50 , 75 , or 100% of corn in Phase 1 diets .
All pigs received a common diet from wk 2 to 6 .
No differences in pig performance or antibiotic treatments among dietary treatments were observed .
However , pigs fed the diet with 100% rice had a reduced ( P = 0 . 055 ) overall removal rate compared with pigs fed the corn diet .
Generally , rice and corn improve pig performance as compared with barley .
Rice can substitute for corn in nursery diets without detriment to pig performance and substantially reduces pig removals , even when fed for only 1 wk immediately after weaning .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 3.00 ]: Over a 6-wk period , the ADG of pigs fed rice was greater ( P < 0 . 01 ) than those pigs fed barley , but not different from those pigs fed corn or rolled oats .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 3.00 ]: The overall removal rate of pigs fed rice or barley was reduced as compared with those pigs fed rolled oats ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and tended to be less than those pigs fed corn ( P = 0 . 075 ) .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pigs fed corn or rice did not differ in ADFI , which was greater ( P < 0 . 05 ) than those pigs fed barley .
[ Sen. 26, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , pigs fed the diet with 100% rice had a reduced ( P = 0 . 055 ) overall removal rate compared with pigs fed the corn diet .
[ Sen. 28, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice can substitute for corn in nursery diets without detriment to pig performance and substantially reduces pig removals , even when fed for only 1 wk immediately after weaning .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of rice and other cereal grains on growth performance and health of weanling pigs .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pigs ( 1 , 008 in Exp .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pigs in each experiment were divided into 3 BW blocks ( heavy , medium , or light ) in each of 4 rooms , resulting in 12 blocks per experiment .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Each pen within a block had 20 or 21 pigs and equal sex distribution .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pigs were fed in a 4-phase feeding program with Phases 1 and 2 of 1 wk each and Phases 3 and 4 of 2 wk each .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: 1 , effects of different cereal grains on pig performance and removal rate ( mortality plus morbidity ) were investigated .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pigs were fed 4 diets based on corn , barley , rolled oats , or rice as the only cereal grain .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: All pigs received a common diet during wk 5 and 6 .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pig performance and antibiotic treatments did not differ among dietary treatments .
[ Sen. 21, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , pigs fed rice for 1 , 2 , or 4 wk had a reduced overall removal rate ( P < 0 . 05 ) compared with those fed corn .
[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: Experiment 3 was conducted to investigate if the amount of rice fed in wk 1 could be reduced without reducing pig performance .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: All pigs received a common diet from wk 2 to 6 .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 1.00 ]: No differences in pig performance or antibiotic treatments among dietary treatments were observed .
[ Sen. 27, subscore: 1.00 ]: Generally , rice and corn improve pig performance as compared with barley .
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Score: 22.00 |
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| Title: [ Marker-assisted selection and pyramiding for three blast resistance genes , Pi-d ( t ) 1 , Pi-b , Pi-ta2 , in rice ] | | Author: Chen XW Li SG Ma YQ Li HY Zhou KD Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao Citation: V : 20 ( 5 ) P : 708-14 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15973995 Accession (PMID): 15973995 | | Abstract: G46B is a promising holding line used for three-lines breeding strategy in hybrid rice , but it is susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea .
To improve its blast resistance , three rice varieties , Digu , BL-1 , and Pi-4 , with blast resistance genes , Pi-d ( t ) , Pi-b , and Pi-ta2 , respectively , were used to be crossed with G46B , and 15 plants with these three blast resistance genes , Pi-d ( t ) 1 , Pi-b , and Pi-ta2 , were selected from their F2 and B1C1 populations via a marker-aided crossing procedure .
Among them , four plants were heterozygotes in the three resistance genes , with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 pi-d ( t ) /Pi-b pi-b/ Pi-ta2 pi-ta2 ; ten plants were heterozygotes in two of the three resistance genes , of which six with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 Pi-d ( t ) 1/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 pi-ta2 , three with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 pi-d ( t ) 1/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 Pi-ta2 , and one with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1pi-d ( t ) 1/Pi-b Pi-b/Pi-ta2 pi-ta2 ; and only one plant was homozygote in two of the three resistance genes with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 Pi-d ( t ) /Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 Pi-ta2 .
These results demonstrate the capacity of maker-assisted selection ( MAS ) in gene pyramiding for rice blast resistance and its enhancement for the efficiency in rice resistance breeding .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 15.00 ]: Among them , four plants were heterozygotes in the three resistance genes , with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 pi-d ( t ) /Pi-b pi-b/ Pi-ta2 pi-ta2 ; ten plants were heterozygotes in two of the three resistance genes , of which six with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 Pi-d ( t ) 1/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 pi-ta2 , three with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 pi-d ( t ) 1/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 Pi-ta2 , and one with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1pi-d ( t ) 1/Pi-b Pi-b/Pi-ta2 pi-ta2 ; and only one plant was homozygote in two of the three resistance genes with the genotype of Pi-d ( t ) 1 Pi-d ( t ) /Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 Pi-ta2 .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 7.00 ]: To improve its blast resistance , three rice varieties , Digu , BL-1 , and Pi-4 , with blast resistance genes , Pi-d ( t ) , Pi-b , and Pi-ta2 , respectively , were used to be crossed with G46B , and 15 plants with these three blast resistance genes , Pi-d ( t ) 1 , Pi-b , and Pi-ta2 , were selected from their F2 and B1C1 populations via a marker-aided crossing procedure .
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Score: 21.00 |
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| Title: PHO2 , microRNA399 , and PHR1 define a phosphate-signaling pathway in plants .
| | Author: Bari R Datt Pant B Stitt M Scheible WR .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 141 ( 3 ) P : 988-99 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16679424 Accession (PMID): 16679424 | | Abstract: Inorganic phosphate ( Pi ) -signaling pathways in plants are still largely unknown .
The Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) pho2 mutant overaccumulates Pi in leaves in Pi-replete conditions .
Micrografting revealed that a pho2 root genotype is sufficient to yield leaf Pi accumulation .
In pho2 mutants , Pi does not repress a set of Pi starvation-induced genes , including AtIPS1 , AT4 , and Pi transporters Pht1 ; 8 and Pht1 ; 9 .
Map-based cloning identified PHO2 as At2g33770 , an unusual E2 conjugase gene .
It was recently shown that Pi deprivation induces mature microRNA ( miRNA [ miR399 ] ) and that overexpression of miR399 in Pi-replete conditions represses E2 conjugase expression and leads to high leaf Pi concentrations , thus phenocopying pho2 .
We show here that miR399 primary transcripts are also strongly induced by low Pi and rapidly repressed after addition of Pi .
PHO2 transcripts change reciprocally to miR399 transcripts in Pi-deprived plants and in miR399 overexpressers .
However , responses after Pi readdition and in beta-glucuronidase reporter lines suggest that PHO2 expression is also regulated by Pi in a manner unrelated to miR399-mediated transcript cleavage .
Expression of miR399 was strongly reduced in Pi-deprived Arabidopsis phr1 mutants , and a subset of Pi-responsive genes repressed in Pi-deprived phr1 mutants was up-regulated in Pi-replete pho2 mutants .
This places miR399 and PHO2 in a branch of the Pi-signaling network downstream of PHR1 .
Finally , putative PHO2 orthologs containing five miR399-binding sites in their 5-untranslated regions were identified in other higher plants , and Pi-dependent miR399 expression was demonstrated in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , suggesting a conserved regulatory mechanism . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 4.00 ]: Expression of miR399 was strongly reduced in Pi-deprived Arabidopsis phr1 mutants , and a subset of Pi-responsive genes repressed in Pi-deprived phr1 mutants was up-regulated in Pi-replete pho2 mutants .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: In pho2 mutants , Pi does not repress a set of Pi starvation-induced genes , including AtIPS1 , AT4 , and Pi transporters Pht1 ; 8 and Pht1 ; 9 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: It was recently shown that Pi deprivation induces mature microRNA ( miRNA [ miR399 ] ) and that overexpression of miR399 in Pi-replete conditions represses E2 conjugase expression and leads to high leaf Pi concentrations , thus phenocopying pho2 .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) pho2 mutant overaccumulates Pi in leaves in Pi-replete conditions .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: We show here that miR399 primary transcripts are also strongly induced by low Pi and rapidly repressed after addition of Pi .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , responses after Pi readdition and in beta-glucuronidase reporter lines suggest that PHO2 expression is also regulated by Pi in a manner unrelated to miR399-mediated transcript cleavage .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Inorganic phosphate ( Pi ) -signaling pathways in plants are still largely unknown .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Micrografting revealed that a pho2 root genotype is sufficient to yield leaf Pi accumulation .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: PHO2 transcripts change reciprocally to miR399 transcripts in Pi-deprived plants and in miR399 overexpressers .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: This places miR399 and PHO2 in a branch of the Pi-signaling network downstream of PHR1 .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , putative PHO2 orthologs containing five miR399-binding sites in their 5-untranslated regions were identified in other higher plants , and Pi-dependent miR399 expression was demonstrated in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , suggesting a conserved regulatory mechanism .
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Score: 18.00 |
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| Title: The Pik-p resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice is mediated by a pair of closely linked CC-NBS-LRR genes .
| | Author: Yuan B Zhai C Wang W Zeng X Xu X Hu H Lin F Wang L Pan Q | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 122 P : 1017-28 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21153625 Accession (PMID): 21153625 | | Abstract: The blast resistance gene Pik-p , mapping to the Pik locus on the long arm of rice chromosome 11 , was isolated by map-based in silico cloning .
Four NBS-LRR genes are present in the target region of cv .
Nipponbare , and a presence/absence analysis in the Pik-p carrier cv .
K60 excluded two of these as candidates for Pik-p .
The other two candidates ( KP3 and KP4 ) were expressed in cv .
K60 .
A loss-of-function experiment by RNAi showed that both KP3 and KP4 are required for Pik-p function , while a gain-of-function experiment by complementation test revealed that neither KP3 nor KP4 on their own can impart resistance , but that resistance was expressed when both were introduced simultaneously .
Both Pikp-1 ( KP3 ) and Pikp-2 ( KP4 ) encode coiled-coil NBS-LRR proteins and share , respectively , 95 and 99% peptide identity with the two alleles , Pikm1-TS and Pikm2-TS .
The Pikp-1 and Pikp-2 sequences share only limited homology .
Their sequence allowed Pik-p to be distinguished from Pik , Pik-s , Pik-m and Pik-h .
Both Pikp-1 and Pikp-2 were constitutively expressed in cv .
K60 and only marginally induced by blast infection .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 5.00 ]: Their sequence allowed Pik-p to be distinguished from Pik , Pik-s , Pik-m and Pik-h .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 4.00 ]: Both Pikp-1 ( KP3 ) and Pikp-2 ( KP4 ) encode coiled-coil NBS-LRR proteins and share , respectively , 95 and 99% peptide identity with the two alleles , Pikm1-TS and Pikm2-TS .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The blast resistance gene Pik-p , mapping to the Pik locus on the long arm of rice chromosome 11 , was isolated by map-based in silico cloning .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The Pikp-1 and Pikp-2 sequences share only limited homology .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: Both Pikp-1 and Pikp-2 were constitutively expressed in cv .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nipponbare , and a presence/absence analysis in the Pik-p carrier cv .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: K60 excluded two of these as candidates for Pik-p .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A loss-of-function experiment by RNAi showed that both KP3 and KP4 are required for Pik-p function , while a gain-of-function experiment by complementation test revealed that neither KP3 nor KP4 on their own can impart resistance , but that resistance was expressed when both were introduced simultaneously .
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Score: 17.00 |
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| Title: Influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira ( Serpulina ) pilosicoli .
| | Author: Hampson DJ Robertson ID La T Oxberry SL Pethick DW .
| | Journal: Vet . Microbiol . Citation: V : 73 ( 1 ) P : 75-84 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10731619 Accession (PMID): 10731619 | | Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether methods used to control swine dysentery ( SD ) , caused by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira ( Serpulina ) hyodysenteriae , would also be effective in controlling porcine intestinal spirochaetosis ( PIS ) caused by the related spirochaete Brachyspira ( Serpulina ) pilosicoli .
Weaner pigs in Groups I ( n=8 ) and II ( n=6 ) received a standard weaner pig diet based on wheat and lupins , whilst Group III ( n=6 ) received an experimental diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein .
Pigs in Group II were vaccinated intramuscularly twice at a 3-week-interval with a formalinised bacterin made from B pilosicoli porcine strain 95/1000 resuspended in Freunds incomplete adjuvant .
Eleven days later pigs in all groups were infected orally with 10 ( 10 ) cells of strain 95/1000 on three successive days .
One control pig in Group I developed acute diarrhoea , and at post-mortem had a severe erosive colitis with end-on attachment of spirochaetes to the colonic epithelium .
All other pigs developed transient mild diarrhoea and had moderate patchy colitis at post-mortem 3 weeks later .
B pilosicoli was isolated from the faeces of all pigs , except for one fed rice , and was isolated from the mesenteric nodes of three pigs from Group I and from one vaccinated pig in Group II .
Consumption of the rice-based diet , but not vaccination , delayed and significantly ( p<0 . 001 ) reduced the onset of faecal excretion of B pilosicoli after experimental challenge .
Vaccination induced a primary and secondary serological response to B pilosicoli , as measured using sonicated whole cells of strain 95/1000 as an ELISA plate coating antigen .
Antibody titres in the vaccinated pigs then declined , despite intestinal colonisation by B pilosicoli .
Both groups of unvaccinated animals also failed to develop a post-infection increase in circulating antibody titres . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 4.00 ]: B pilosicoli was isolated from the faeces of all pigs , except for one fed rice , and was isolated from the mesenteric nodes of three pigs from Group I and from one vaccinated pig in Group II .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The purpose of this study was to determine whether methods used to control swine dysentery ( SD ) , caused by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira ( Serpulina ) hyodysenteriae , would also be effective in controlling porcine intestinal spirochaetosis ( PIS ) caused by the related spirochaete Brachyspira ( Serpulina ) pilosicoli .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Weaner pigs in Groups I ( n=8 ) and II ( n=6 ) received a standard weaner pig diet based on wheat and lupins , whilst Group III ( n=6 ) received an experimental diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Pigs in Group II were vaccinated intramuscularly twice at a 3-week-interval with a formalinised bacterin made from B pilosicoli porcine strain 95/1000 resuspended in Freunds incomplete adjuvant .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Antibody titres in the vaccinated pigs then declined , despite intestinal colonisation by B pilosicoli .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Eleven days later pigs in all groups were infected orally with 10 ( 10 ) cells of strain 95/1000 on three successive days .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: One control pig in Group I developed acute diarrhoea , and at post-mortem had a severe erosive colitis with end-on attachment of spirochaetes to the colonic epithelium .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: All other pigs developed transient mild diarrhoea and had moderate patchy colitis at post-mortem 3 weeks later .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Consumption of the rice-based diet , but not vaccination , delayed and significantly ( p<0 . 001 ) reduced the onset of faecal excretion of B pilosicoli after experimental challenge .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Vaccination induced a primary and secondary serological response to B pilosicoli , as measured using sonicated whole cells of strain 95/1000 as an ELISA plate coating antigen .
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