| 16 matches found in 7 documents. Search time: 0.547 seconds. |
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Score: 9.00 |
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| Title: Antagonistic actions of HLH/bHLH proteins are involved in grain length and weight in rice .
| | Author: Heang D Sassa H | | Journal: PLoS One Citation: V : 7 P : e31325 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22363621 Accession (PMID): 22363621 | | Abstract: Grain size is a major yield component in rice , and partly controlled by the sizes of the lemma and palea .
Molecular mechanisms controlling the sizes of these organs largely remain unknown .
In this study , we show that an antagonistic pair of basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH ) proteins is involved in determining rice grain length by controlling cell length in the lemma/palea .
Overexpression of an atypical bHLH , named POSITIVE REGULATOR OF GRAIN LENGTH 1 ( PGL1 ) , in lemma/palea increased grain length and weight in transgenic rice .
PGL1 is an atypical non-DNA-binding bHLH and assumed to function as an inhibitor of a typical DNA-binding bHLH through heterodimerization .
We identified the interaction partner of PGL1 and named it ANTAGONIST OF PGL1 ( APG ) .
PGL1 and APG interacted in vivo and localized in the nucleus .
As expected , silencing of APG produced the same phenotype as overexpression of PGL1 , suggesting antagonistic roles for the two genes .
Transcription of two known grain-length-related genes , GS3 and SRS3 , was largely unaffected in the PGL1-overexpressing and APG-silenced plants .
Observation of the inner epidermal cells of lemma revealed that are caused by increased cell length .
PGL1-APG represents a new grain length and weight-controlling pathway in which APG is a negative regulator whose function is inhibited by PGL1 .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: We identified the interaction partner of PGL1 and named it ANTAGONIST OF PGL1 ( APG ) .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: PGL1-APG represents a new grain length and weight-controlling pathway in which APG is a negative regulator whose function is inhibited by PGL1 .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overexpression of an atypical bHLH , named POSITIVE REGULATOR OF GRAIN LENGTH 1 ( PGL1 ) , in lemma/palea increased grain length and weight in transgenic rice .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: PGL1 is an atypical non-DNA-binding bHLH and assumed to function as an inhibitor of a typical DNA-binding bHLH through heterodimerization .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: PGL1 and APG interacted in vivo and localized in the nucleus .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: As expected , silencing of APG produced the same phenotype as overexpression of PGL1 , suggesting antagonistic roles for the two genes .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transcription of two known grain-length-related genes , GS3 and SRS3 , was largely unaffected in the PGL1-overexpressing and APG-silenced plants .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Multiple protein factors bind to a rice glutelin promoter region .
| | Author: Kim SY Wu R | | Journal: Nucleic Acids Res .
Citation: V : 18 ( 23 ) P : 6845-52 Year: 1990 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2263449 Accession (PMID): 2263449 | | Abstract: Our goal is to identify cis-acting elements in the regulatory region of the major seed storage protein gene in rice .
A glutelin gene ( pGL5-1 ) has been cloned by screening a rice genomic DNA library with synthetic oligonucleotides and with an amplified DNA fragment .
A transient expression assay using immature rice seeds shows that its 5 flanking sequence can direct the synthesis of beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) when fused upstream of the GUS coding region .
Gel-retardation assays were performed to study protein-DNA interactions between putative regulatory sequences of pGL5-1 and nuclear proteins from immature rice seeds .
We demonstrate that at least six protein-DNA complexes are formed between the 5 flanking sequence of pGL5-1 ( -677 to -45 ) and nuclear protein factors .
By subsequent DNase I-footprinting analyses we defined several protein-binding regions .
Two of the protein-binding sequences contain the TGAGTCA motif , which is also present in the -300 element found in the 5 flanking sequences of several storage protein genes of other crop plants , and to which the transcription factors jun and GCN4 bind . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A glutelin gene ( pGL5-1 ) has been cloned by screening a rice genomic DNA library with synthetic oligonucleotides and with an amplified DNA fragment .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gel-retardation assays were performed to study protein-DNA interactions between putative regulatory sequences of pGL5-1 and nuclear proteins from immature rice seeds .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We demonstrate that at least six protein-DNA complexes are formed between the 5 flanking sequence of pGL5-1 ( -677 to -45 ) and nuclear protein factors .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: High-affinity PEGylated polyacridine peptide polyplexes mediate potent in vivo gene expression .
| | Author: Kizzire K Khargharia S Rice KG | | Journal: Gene Ther Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22786534 Accession (PMID): 22786534 | | Abstract: Polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) ylated polyacridine peptides bind to plasmid DNA with high affinity to form unique polyplexes that possess a long circulatory half-life and are hydrodynamically ( HD ) -stimulated to produce efficient gene expression in the liver of mice .
We previously demonstrated that acridine-modified lysine ( Acr ) in ( Acr-Lys ) ( 6 ) -Cys-PEG ( 5 ) ( kDa ) stabilizes a 1-mug pGL3 dose for up to 1 h in the circulation , resulting in HD-stimulated ( saline only ) gene expression in the liver , equivalent in magnitude to direct-HD dosing of 1 mug of pGL3 .
In this study , we report that increasing the spacing of Acr with either four or five Lys residues markedly increases the stability of PEGylated polyacridine peptide polyplexes in the circulation allowing maximal HD-stimulated expression for up to 5 h post DNA administration .
Co-administration of a decoy dose of 9 mug of non-expressing DNA polyplex with 1 mug of pGL3 polyplex further extended the HD-stimulated expression to 9 h .
This structure-activity relationship study defines the PEGylated polyacridine peptide requirements for maintaining fully transfection competent plasmid DNA in the circulation for 5 h and provides an understanding as to why polyplexes or lipoplexes prepared with polyethylenimine , chitosan or Lipofectamine are inactive within 5 min following intravenous dosing . Gene Therapy advane online publication , 12 July 2012 ; doi : 10 . 1038/gt . 2012 . 47 .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: We previously demonstrated that acridine-modified lysine ( Acr ) in ( Acr-Lys ) ( 6 ) -Cys-PEG ( 5 ) ( kDa ) stabilizes a 1-mug pGL3 dose for up to 1 h in the circulation , resulting in HD-stimulated ( saline only ) gene expression in the liver , equivalent in magnitude to direct-HD dosing of 1 mug of pGL3 .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Co-administration of a decoy dose of 9 mug of non-expressing DNA polyplex with 1 mug of pGL3 polyplex further extended the HD-stimulated expression to 9 h .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel peptide-producing cell in Xenopus : multinucleated gastric mucosal cell strikingly similar to the granular gland of the skin .
| | Author: Moore KS Bevins CL Tomassini N Huttner KM Sadler K Moreira JE Reynolds J Zasloff M | | Journal: J Histochem . Cytochem . Citation: V : 40 ( 3 ) P : 367-78 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1552176 Accession (PMID): 1552176 | | Abstract: We have characterized a novel peptide-containing cell within the gastric mucosa of Xenopus laevis .
The cell is a spherical , multinucleated syncytial structure containing a cytoplasmic space filled with dense rice-shaped granules , and is strikingly similar in morphology to the well-studied granular gland of the amphibian skin .
Immunohistochemical and immunogold methods were used to demonstrate that several peptides previously isolated from the granular glands of the skin , including the antimicrobial peptides magainin and PGLa ( a peptide with amino-terminal glycine and carboxy-terminal leucinamide ) , are also stored in granules present in these enteric cells .
These data demonstrate that this enteric peptide-producing cell is strikingly similar both morphologically and biochemically to the granular gland , previously considered a highly specialized structure of the amphibian integument .
This novel gastric mucosal cell , which we have designated a "granular multinucleated cell , " is distinct in its morphology and its diversity of stored peptide products from other well-characterized peptide-containing cells in the vertebrate gastrointestinal tract .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Immunohistochemical and immunogold methods were used to demonstrate that several peptides previously isolated from the granular glands of the skin , including the antimicrobial peptides magainin and PGLa ( a peptide with amino-terminal glycine and carboxy-terminal leucinamide ) , are also stored in granules present in these enteric cells .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Expression profiling of starch metabolism-related plastidic translocator genes in rice .
| | Author: Toyota K Tamura M Ohdan T Nakamura Y | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 223 ( 2 ) P : 248-57 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16362329 Accession (PMID): 16362329 | | Abstract: The genes encoding the major putative rice plastidic translocators involved in the carbon flow related to starch metabolism were identified by exhaustive database searches .
The genes identified were two for the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator ( TPT ) , five for the glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator ( GPT ) including putatively non-functional ones , four for the phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator ( PPT ) , three for the putative ADP-glucose translocator ( or Brittle-1 protein , BT1 ) , two for the plastidic nucleotide transport protein ( NTT ) , and one each for the plastidic glucose translocator ( pGlcT ) and the maltose translocator ( MT ) .
The expression patterns of the genes in various photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs were examined by quantitative real-time PCR .
OsBT1-1 was specifically expressed in the seed and its transcript level tremendously increased at the onset of vigorous starch production in the endosperm , suggesting that the ADP-glucose synthesized in the cytosol is a major precursor for starch biosynthesis in the endosperm amyloplast In contrast , all of the genes for OsTPT , OsPPT , and OsNTT were mainly expressed in source it issues , suggesting that their proteins play essential roles in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in chloroplasts .
Substantial expression of the four OsGPT genes and the OspGlcT gene in both source and sink organs suggests that the transport of glucose phosphate and glucose is physiologically important in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic it issues .
The present study shows that comprehensive analysis of expression patterns of the plastidic translocator genes is a valuable tool for the elucidation of the functions of the translocators in the regulation of starch metabolism in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genes identified were two for the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator ( TPT ) , five for the glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator ( GPT ) including putatively non-functional ones , four for the phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator ( PPT ) , three for the putative ADP-glucose translocator ( or Brittle-1 protein , BT1 ) , two for the plastidic nucleotide transport protein ( NTT ) , and one each for the plastidic glucose translocator ( pGlcT ) and the maltose translocator ( MT ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
