| 17 matches found in 5 documents. Search time: 0.082 seconds. |
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase .
| | Author: Song XJ Huang W Shi M Zhu MZ Lin HX .
| | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17417637 Accession (PMID): 17417637 | | Abstract: Grain weight is one of the most important components of grain yield and is controlled by quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) derived from natural variations in crops .
However , the molecular roles of QTLs in the regulation of grain weight have not been fully elucidated .
Here , we report the cloning and characterization of GW2 , a new QTL that controls rice grain width and weight .
Our data show that GW2 encodes a previously unknown RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity , which is known to function in the degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway .
Loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers , resulting in a larger ( wider ) spikelet hull , and it accelerated the grain milk filling rate , resulting in enhanced grain width , weight and yield .
Our results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates cell division by targeting its substrate ( s ) to proteasomes for regulated proteolysis .
The functional characterization of GW2 provides insight into the mechanism of seed development and is a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here , we report the cloning and characterization of GW2 , a new QTL that controls rice grain width and weight .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our data show that GW2 encodes a previously unknown RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity , which is known to function in the degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers , resulting in a larger ( wider ) spikelet hull , and it accelerated the grain milk filling rate , resulting in enhanced grain width , weight and yield .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates cell division by targeting its substrate ( s ) to proteasomes for regulated proteolysis .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The functional characterization of GW2 provides insight into the mechanism of seed development and is a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Seed size is determined by the combinations of the genes controlling different seed characteristics in rice .
| | Author: Yan S Zou G Li S Wang H Liu H Zhai G Guo P Song H Yan C Tao Y | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 123 P : 1173-81 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21805338 Accession (PMID): 21805338 | | Abstract: Rice seed size is an important agronomic trait in determining the yield potential , and four seed size related genes ( GS3 , GW2 , qSW5/GW5 and GIF1 ) have been cloned in rice so far .
However , the relationship among these four genes is still unclear , which will impede the process of gene pyramiding breeding program to some extent .
To shade light on the relationship of above four genes , gene expression analysis was performed with GS3-RNAi , GW2-RNAi lines and CSSL of qSW5 at the transcriptional level .
The results clearly showed that qSW5 and GW2 positively regulate the expression of GS3 .
Meanwhile , qSW5 can be down-regulated by repression of GW2 transcription .
Additionally , GIF1 expression was found to be positively regulated by qSW5 but negatively by GW2 and GS3 .
Moreover , the allelic effects of qSW5 and GS3 were detailedly characterized based on a natural population consisting of 180 rice cultivars .
It was indicated that mutual interactions exist between the two genes , in which , qSW5 affecting seed length is masked by GS3 alleles , and GS3 affecting seed width is masked by qSW5 alleles .
These findings provide more insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying seed size development in rice and are likely to be useful for improving rice grain yield .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice seed size is an important agronomic trait in determining the yield potential , and four seed size related genes ( GS3 , GW2 , qSW5/GW5 and GIF1 ) have been cloned in rice so far .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To shade light on the relationship of above four genes , gene expression analysis was performed with GS3-RNAi , GW2-RNAi lines and CSSL of qSW5 at the transcriptional level .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results clearly showed that qSW5 and GW2 positively regulate the expression of GS3 .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Meanwhile , qSW5 can be down-regulated by repression of GW2 transcription .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additionally , GIF1 expression was found to be positively regulated by qSW5 but negatively by GW2 and GS3 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Extremely Large Grain Shape in Rice Cultivar JZ1560 .
| | Author: Ying JZ Gao JP Shan JX Zhu MZ Shi M Lin HX | | Journal: J Genet Genomics Citation: V : 39 P : 325-33 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22835979 Accession (PMID): 22835979 | | Abstract: Rice grain shape , grain length ( GL ) , width ( GW ) , thickness ( GT ) and length-to-width ratio ( LWR ) , are usually controlled by multiple quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) .
To elucidate the genetic basis of extremely large grain shape , QTL analysis was performed using an F ( 2 ) population derived from a cross between a japonica cultivar JZ1560 ( extremely large grain ) and a contrasting indica cultivar FAZ1 ( small grain ) .
A total number of 24 QTLs were detected on seven different chromosomes .
QTLs for GL , GW , GT and LWR explained 11 . 6% , 95 . 62% , 91 . 5% and 89 . 9% of total phenotypic variation , respectively .
Many QTLs pleiotropically controlled different grain traits , contributing complex traits correlation .
GW2 and qSW5/GW5 , which have been cloned previously to control GW , showed similar chromosomal locations with qGW2-1/qGT2-1/qLWR2-2 and qGW5-2/qLWR5-1 and should be the right candidate genes .
Plants pyramiding GW2 and qSW5/GW5 showed a significant increase in GW compared with those carrying one of the two major QTLs .
Furthermore , no significant QTL interaction was observed between GW2 and qSW5/GW5 .
These results suggested that GW2 and qSW5/GW5 might work in independent pathways to regulate grain traits .
JZ1560 alleles underlying all QTLs contributed an increase in GW and GT and the accumulation of additive effects generates the extremely large grain shape in JZ1560 .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: GW2 and qSW5/GW5 , which have been cloned previously to control GW , showed similar chromosomal locations with qGW2-1/qGT2-1/qLWR2-2 and qGW5-2/qLWR5-1 and should be the right candidate genes .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plants pyramiding GW2 and qSW5/GW5 showed a significant increase in GW compared with those carrying one of the two major QTLs .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , no significant QTL interaction was observed between GW2 and qSW5/GW5 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggested that GW2 and qSW5/GW5 might work in independent pathways to regulate grain traits .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Relationship , evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight .
| | Author: Li Q Li L Yang X Warburton ML Bai G Dai J Li J Yan J | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 10 P : 143 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20626916 Accession (PMID): 20626916 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : In rice , the GW2 gene , found on chromosome 2 , controls grain width and weight .
Two homologs of this gene , ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5 , have been found in maize .
In this study , we investigated the relationship , evolutionary fate and putative function of these two maize genes .
RESULTS : The two genes are located on duplicated maize chromosomal regions that show co-orthologous relationships with the rice region containing GW2 .
ZmGW2-CHR5 is more closely related to the sorghum counterpart than to ZmGW2-CHR4 .
Sequence comparisons between the two genes in eight diverse maize inbred lines revealed that the functional protein domain of both genes is completely conserved , with no non-synonymous polymorphisms identified .
This suggests that both genes may have conserved functions , a hypothesis that was further confirmed through linkage , association , and expression analyses .
Linkage analysis showed that ZmGW2-CHR4 is located within a consistent quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) for one-hundred kernel weight ( HKW ) .
Association analysis with a diverse panel of 121 maize inbred lines identified one single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in the promoter region of ZmGW2-CHR4 that was significantly associated with kernel width ( KW ) and HKW across all three field experiments examined in this study .
SNPs or insertion/deletion polymorphisms ( InDels ) in other regions of ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5 were also found to be significantly associated with at least one of the four yield-related traits ( kernel length ( KL ) , kernel thickness ( KT ) , KW and HKW ) .
None of the polymorphisms in either maize gene are similar to each other or to the 1 bp InDel causing phenotypic variation in rice .
Expression levels of both maize genes vary over ear and kernel developmental stages , and the expression level of ZmGW2-CHR4 is significantly negatively correlated with KW .
CONCLUSIONS : The sequence , linkage , association and expression analyses collectively showed that the two maize genes represent chromosomal duplicates , both of which function to control some of the phenotypic variation for kernel size and weight in maize , as does their counterpart in rice .
However , the different polymorphisms identified in the two maize genes and in the rice gene indicate that they may cause phenotypic variation through different mechanisms .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : In rice , the GW2 gene , found on chromosome 2 , controls grain width and weight .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : The two genes are located on duplicated maize chromosomal regions that show co-orthologous relationships with the rice region containing GW2 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Relationship , evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight .
| | Author: Li Q Li L Yang X Warburton ML Bai G Dai J Li J Yan J | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 10 P : 143 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20626916 Accession (PMID): 20626916 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : In rice , the GW2 gene , found on chromosome 2 , controls grain width and weight .
Two homologs of this gene , ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5 , have been found in maize .
In this study , we investigated the relationship , evolutionary fate and putative function of these two maize genes .
RESULTS : The two genes are located on duplicated maize chromosomal regions that show co-orthologous relationships with the rice region containing GW2 .
ZmGW2-CHR5 is more closely related to the sorghum counterpart than to ZmGW2-CHR4 .
Sequence comparisons between the two genes in eight diverse maize inbred lines revealed that the functional protein domain of both genes is completely conserved , with no non-synonymous polymorphisms identified .
This suggests that both genes may have conserved functions , a hypothesis that was further confirmed through linkage , association , and expression analyses .
Linkage analysis showed that ZmGW2-CHR4 is located within a consistent quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) for one-hundred kernel weight ( HKW ) .
Association analysis with a diverse panel of 121 maize inbred lines identified one single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in the promoter region of ZmGW2-CHR4 that was significantly associated with kernel width ( KW ) and HKW across all three field experiments examined in this study .
SNPs or insertion/deletion polymorphisms ( InDels ) in other regions of ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5 were also found to be significantly associated with at least one of the four yield-related traits ( kernel length ( KL ) , kernel thickness ( KT ) , KW and HKW ) .
None of the polymorphisms in either maize gene are similar to each other or to the 1 bp InDel causing phenotypic variation in rice .
Expression levels of both maize genes vary over ear and kernel developmental stages , and the expression level of ZmGW2-CHR4 is significantly negatively correlated with KW .
CONCLUSIONS : The sequence , linkage , association and expression analyses collectively showed that the two maize genes represent chromosomal duplicates , both of which function to control some of the phenotypic variation for kernel size and weight in maize , as does their counterpart in rice .
However , the different polymorphisms identified in the two maize genes and in the rice gene indicate that they may cause phenotypic variation through different mechanisms .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Relationship , evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
