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Score: 18.00 |
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| Title: Two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenases , CYP714A1 and CYP714A2 , function redundantly in plant development through gibberellin deactivation .
| | Author: Zhang Y Zhang B Yan D Dong W Yang W Li Q Zeng L Wang J Wang L Hicks LM He Z | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 67 P : 342-53 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21457373 Accession (PMID): 21457373 | | Abstract: The rice gene ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 ( EUI1 ) encodes a P450 monooxygenase that epoxidizes gibberellins ( GAs ) in a deactivation reaction .
The Arabidopsis genome contains a tandemly duplicated gene pair ELA1 ( CYP714A1 ) and ELA2 ( CYP714A2 ) that encode EUI homologs .
In this work , we dissected the functions of the two proteins .
ELA1 and ELA2 exhibited overlapping yet distinct gene expression patterns .
We showed that while single mutants of ELA1 or ELA2 exhibited no obvious morphological phenotype , simultaneous elimination of ELA1 and ELA2 expression in ELA1-RNAi/ela2 resulted in increased biomass and enlarged organs .
By contrast , transgenic plants constitutively expressing either ELA1 or ELA2 were dwarfed , similar to those overexpressing the rice EUI gene .
We also discovered that overexpression of ELA1 resulted in a severe dwarf phenotype , while overexpression of ELA2 gave rise to a breeding-favored semi-dwarf phenotype in rice .
Consistent with the phenotypes , we found that the ELA1-RNAi/ela2 plants increased amounts of biologically active GAs that were decreased in the internodes of transgenic rice with ELA1 and ELA2 overexpression .
In contrast , the precursor GA ( 12 ) slightly accumulated in the transgenic rice , and GA ( 19 ) highly accumulated in the ELA2 overexpression rice .
Taken together , our study strongly suggests that the two Arabidopsis EUI homologs subtly regulate plant growth most likely through catalyzing deactivation of bioactive GAs similar to rice EUI .
The two P450s may also function in early stages of the GA biosynthetic pathway .
Our results also suggest that ELA2 could be an excellent tool for molecular breeding for high yield potential in cereal crops .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 5.00 ]: We showed that while single mutants of ELA1 or ELA2 exhibited no obvious morphological phenotype , simultaneous elimination of ELA1 and ELA2 expression in ELA1-RNAi/ela2 resulted in increased biomass and enlarged organs .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The Arabidopsis genome contains a tandemly duplicated gene pair ELA1 ( CYP714A1 ) and ELA2 ( CYP714A2 ) that encode EUI homologs .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: ELA1 and ELA2 exhibited overlapping yet distinct gene expression patterns .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: By contrast , transgenic plants constitutively expressing either ELA1 or ELA2 were dwarfed , similar to those overexpressing the rice EUI gene .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: We also discovered that overexpression of ELA1 resulted in a severe dwarf phenotype , while overexpression of ELA2 gave rise to a breeding-favored semi-dwarf phenotype in rice .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Consistent with the phenotypes , we found that the ELA1-RNAi/ela2 plants increased amounts of biologically active GAs that were decreased in the internodes of transgenic rice with ELA1 and ELA2 overexpression .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice gene ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 ( EUI1 ) encodes a P450 monooxygenase that epoxidizes gibberellins ( GAs ) in a deactivation reaction .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast , the precursor GA ( 12 ) slightly accumulated in the transgenic rice , and GA ( 19 ) highly accumulated in the ELA2 overexpression rice .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results also suggest that ELA2 could be an excellent tool for molecular breeding for high yield potential in cereal crops .
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Score: 16.00 |
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| Title: The elongation defective1 mutant of Arabidopsis is impaired in the gene encoding a serine-rich secreted protein .
| | Author: Lertpiriyapong K Sung ZR .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 53 ( 4 ) P : 581-95 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15010620 Accession (PMID): 15010620 | | Abstract: Coordinated cell growth and differentiation is crucial for the development of higher plants .
Using the elongation defective 1-1 ( eld1-1 ) mutant , we cloned the ELD1 gene , which encodes a serine-rich protein .
Genes homologous to ELD1 can be found in plants , including Arabidopsis , rice , and tobacco , but not in other organisms .
Using reverse genetics , we identified a new allele , eld1-2 , which is phenotypically indistinguishable from eld1-1 , but does not produce a detectable ELD1 transcript .
The ELD1 gene sequence is the same as that of the KOBITO1 sequence .
However , the kob1 mutants display weak phenotype relative to the two eld1 mutants , which are likely null alleles .
KOB1 was reported to be a membrane protein involved in cellulose synthesis .
However , based on ELD1-GFP localization in plasmolyzed cells , we found that ELD1 is localized to the cell wall/extracellular matrix , rather than the membrane .
Thus , ELD1/KOB1 is a secreted protein involved in promoting cell growth .
To investigate the relationship between ELD1 and Arabidopsis genes with high sequence similarity , we analyzed the possible subcellular location of their proteins as well as their amino acid sequence .
The ELD1-related proteins in Arabidopsis were predicted to be localized to subcellular compartments different from that of ELD1 .
Thus , ELD1 is likely to be functionally distinct from related Arabidopsis genes .
These results suggest that ELD1 is a single-copy gene which belongs to a small family of plant-specific genes with diverse function .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: Using the elongation defective 1-1 ( eld1-1 ) mutant , we cloned the ELD1 gene , which encodes a serine-rich protein .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Using reverse genetics , we identified a new allele , eld1-2 , which is phenotypically indistinguishable from eld1-1 , but does not produce a detectable ELD1 transcript .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , based on ELD1-GFP localization in plasmolyzed cells , we found that ELD1 is localized to the cell wall/extracellular matrix , rather than the membrane .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: The ELD1-related proteins in Arabidopsis were predicted to be localized to subcellular compartments different from that of ELD1 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genes homologous to ELD1 can be found in plants , including Arabidopsis , rice , and tobacco , but not in other organisms .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ELD1 gene sequence is the same as that of the KOBITO1 sequence .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the kob1 mutants display weak phenotype relative to the two eld1 mutants , which are likely null alleles .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: To investigate the relationship between ELD1 and Arabidopsis genes with high sequence similarity , we analyzed the possible subcellular location of their proteins as well as their amino acid sequence .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , ELD1 is likely to be functionally distinct from related Arabidopsis genes .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that ELD1 is a single-copy gene which belongs to a small family of plant-specific genes with diverse function .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 16.00 |
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| Title: Anaconda , a new class of transposon belonging to the Mu superfamily , has diversified by acquiring host genes during rice evolution .
| | Author: Ohtsu K Hirano HY Tsutsumi N Hirai A Nakazono M | | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Citation: V : 274 ( 6 ) P : 606-15 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16208489 Accession (PMID): 16208489 | | Abstract: A new type of transposon , named Anaconda ( Anac ) has been found in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
In this paper , we demonstrate that Anaconda elements have diversified by acquisition of host cellular genes , amplification of the elements , and substitution and deletion of short segments .
We identified four Anaconda elements in studies of rice alternative oxidase ( AOX ) genes , and subsequently isolated an additional 23 elements based on the identity of their terminal inverted repeats ( TIRs ) .
The Anaconda elements have long TIRs ( 114-458 bp ) .
They also have direct repeats of 9 or 10 bp in their flanking regions that are thought to have been generated upon transposition .
These structural features reveal that the Anaconda elements belong to the Mu superfamily .
The most prominent feature of the Anaconda elements is the high frequency with which they have acquired host cellular genes .
Of the 27 elements found here , 19 appear to have sequences presumably derived from rice genes , for example , the genes for AOX1c ( four elements ) , cytochrome P450 ( five elements ) , L : -asparaginase ( five elements ) , and PCF8 ( two elements ) .
Four elements , AnacA1-A4 , have both the AOX1c and P450 genes .
One element , AnacB14 , involves a gene similar to mudrA of maize MuDR .
Database analyses revealed that the loci of 26 of the 27 Anaconda elements in the subspecies japonica are the same as those in the subspecies indica .
This suggests that these elements were incorporated before the divergence of these two subspecies . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 5.00 ]: Of the 27 elements found here , 19 appear to have sequences presumably derived from rice genes , for example , the genes for AOX1c ( four elements ) , cytochrome P450 ( five elements ) , L : -asparaginase ( five elements ) , and PCF8 ( two elements ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: In this paper , we demonstrate that Anaconda elements have diversified by acquisition of host cellular genes , amplification of the elements , and substitution and deletion of short segments .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: We identified four Anaconda elements in studies of rice alternative oxidase ( AOX ) genes , and subsequently isolated an additional 23 elements based on the identity of their terminal inverted repeats ( TIRs ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Anaconda elements have long TIRs ( 114-458 bp ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These structural features reveal that the Anaconda elements belong to the Mu superfamily .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most prominent feature of the Anaconda elements is the high frequency with which they have acquired host cellular genes .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four elements , AnacA1-A4 , have both the AOX1c and P450 genes .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: One element , AnacB14 , involves a gene similar to mudrA of maize MuDR .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Database analyses revealed that the loci of 26 of the 27 Anaconda elements in the subspecies japonica are the same as those in the subspecies indica .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: This suggests that these elements were incorporated before the divergence of these two subspecies .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 16.00 |
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| Title: Dynamic Aspects and Enhancement of Leaf Elongation in Rice .
| | Author: Cutler JM Steponkus PL Wach MJ Shahan KW .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 66 ( 1 ) P : 147-152 Year: 1980 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16661377 Accession (PMID): 16661377 | | Abstract: Some dynamic aspects of leaf elongation in rice were studied .
Under both well watered and water-deficient conditions , leaf elongation rates were 15 to 30% greater during the day than during the night .
Night temperatures below 27 C limited the rate of elongation at night but when night temperatures exceeded 27 C , night elongation rates exceeded rates during the day .
The diurnal pattern of elongation was opposite to the pattern of bulk leaf turgor which was lower during the day than at night . Superimposed on the general diurnal pattern of leaf elongation were perturbations associated with the light/dark transitions .
The rate of leaf elongation declined within minutes after illumination and remained low for 15 to 60 minutes , after which rapid rates ensued .
The rate of leaf elongation was transiently accelerated within minutes after transition to dark and then declined to steady night rates after 30 to 60 minutes .
Removal or covering of all subtending leaves eliminated these perturbations .
Irrigation during the light-induced inhibition period did not influence leaf elongation rates of well watered plants but in stressed plants , high rates of elongation resumed immediately after irrigation . The rate of elongation was accelerated by hydrostatic pressure applied to roots of intact plants .
The rate of leaf elongation increased with increasing pressure to about 5 bars and then showed no further increase with increasing pressure .
This suggests that the rate of water uptake normally limits the rate of leaf elongation .
The response to pressure could be altered by addition of an osmoticum to the root medium and elongation occurred only when the gradient of total water potential between the substrate and elongating leaf allowed water absorption .
A model of leaf expansion based on water potential gradients is proposed to explain these observations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 3.00 ]: Irrigation during the light-induced inhibition period did not influence leaf elongation rates of well watered plants but in stressed plants , high rates of elongation resumed immediately after irrigation . The rate of elongation was accelerated by hydrostatic pressure applied to roots of intact plants .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Night temperatures below 27 C limited the rate of elongation at night but when night temperatures exceeded 27 C , night elongation rates exceeded rates during the day .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The diurnal pattern of elongation was opposite to the pattern of bulk leaf turgor which was lower during the day than at night . Superimposed on the general diurnal pattern of leaf elongation were perturbations associated with the light/dark transitions .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: The response to pressure could be altered by addition of an osmoticum to the root medium and elongation occurred only when the gradient of total water potential between the substrate and elongating leaf allowed water absorption .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some dynamic aspects of leaf elongation in rice were studied .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Under both well watered and water-deficient conditions , leaf elongation rates were 15 to 30% greater during the day than during the night .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rate of leaf elongation declined within minutes after illumination and remained low for 15 to 60 minutes , after which rapid rates ensued .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rate of leaf elongation was transiently accelerated within minutes after transition to dark and then declined to steady night rates after 30 to 60 minutes .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Removal or covering of all subtending leaves eliminated these perturbations .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rate of leaf elongation increased with increasing pressure to about 5 bars and then showed no further increase with increasing pressure .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: This suggests that the rate of water uptake normally limits the rate of leaf elongation .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 16.00 |
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| Title: RING-H2 type ubiquitin ligase EL5 is involved in root development through the maintenance of cell viability in rice .
| | Author: Koiwai H Tagiri A Katoh S Katoh E Ichikawa H Minami E Nishizawa Y | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 51 P : 92-104 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17559513 Accession (PMID): 17559513 | | Abstract: Rice EL5 is an ATL family gene characterized by a transmembrane domain at the N-terminal and a RING-H2 finger domain ( RFD ) , which exhibits ubiquitin ligase ( E3 ) activity .
To elucidate the physiological roles of EL5 , we analyzed transgenic rice plants overexpressing mutant EL5 proteins that are impaired in E3 activity to various degrees .
Plants expressing EL5C153A and EL5W165A , which encode an inactive E3 , showed a rootless phenotype accompanied by cell death in root primordia , and those expressing EL5V162A , with moderately impaired E3 activity , formed short crown roots with necrotic lateral roots .
The dominant-negative phenotype was specifically observed in root meristems where EL5 is expressed , and not recovered by exogenous auxin .
When wild-type EL5 was transcriptionally overexpressed , the EL5 protein was barely detected by Western blotting .
Neither treatment with a proteasome inhibitor nor mutation of the sole lysine residue , a potential target of ubiquitination , resulted in increased EL5 accumulation , whereas mutations in the RFD led to increased EL5 accumulation .
The stabilized EL5 without the RFD was localized in the plasma membrane .
Deletion of the transmembrane domain prevented the EL5 from localizing in the membrane and from exerting an inhibitory effect on root formation .
Deletion of the C-terminal region also neutralized the negative effect .
We concluded that EL5 plays a major role as a membrane-anchored E3 for the maintenance of cell viability after the initiation of root primordial formation .
In addition , we propose that EL5 is an unstable protein , of which degradation is regulated by the RFD in a proteasome-independent manner .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: To elucidate the physiological roles of EL5 , we analyzed transgenic rice plants overexpressing mutant EL5 proteins that are impaired in E3 activity to various degrees .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: Plants expressing EL5C153A and EL5W165A , which encode an inactive E3 , showed a rootless phenotype accompanied by cell death in root primordia , and those expressing EL5V162A , with moderately impaired E3 activity , formed short crown roots with necrotic lateral roots .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: When wild-type EL5 was transcriptionally overexpressed , the EL5 protein was barely detected by Western blotting .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Neither treatment with a proteasome inhibitor nor mutation of the sole lysine residue , a potential target of ubiquitination , resulted in increased EL5 accumulation , whereas mutations in the RFD led to increased EL5 accumulation .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice EL5 is an ATL family gene characterized by a transmembrane domain at the N-terminal and a RING-H2 finger domain ( RFD ) , which exhibits ubiquitin ligase ( E3 ) activity .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The dominant-negative phenotype was specifically observed in root meristems where EL5 is expressed , and not recovered by exogenous auxin .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stabilized EL5 without the RFD was localized in the plasma membrane .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Deletion of the transmembrane domain prevented the EL5 from localizing in the membrane and from exerting an inhibitory effect on root formation .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: We concluded that EL5 plays a major role as a membrane-anchored E3 for the maintenance of cell viability after the initiation of root primordial formation .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , we propose that EL5 is an unstable protein , of which degradation is regulated by the RFD in a proteasome-independent manner .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
