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| Title: Functional genomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana glycoside hydrolase family 35 .
| | Author: Ahn YO Zheng M Bevan DR Esen A Shiu SH Benson J Peng HP Miller JT Cheng CL Poulton JE Shih MC | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 68 P : 1510-20 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17466346 Accession (PMID): 17466346 | | Abstract: Catalysing the hydrolysis of terminal beta-galactosyl residues from carbohydrates , galactolipids , and glycoproteins , glycoside hydrolase family 35 ( beta-galactosidases ; BGALs ) are widely distributed in plants and believed to play many key roles , including modification of cell wall components .
Completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequencing project has , for the first time , allowed an examination of the total number , gene structure , and evolutionary patterns of all Family 35 members in a representative ( model ) angiosperm .
Reiterative database searches established a multigene family of 17 members ( designated BGAL1-BGAL17 ) .
Using these genes as query sequences , BLAST and Hidden Markov Model searches identified BGAL genes among 22 other eukaryotes , whose genomic sequences are known .
The Arabidopsis ( n=17 ) and rice ( n=15 ) BGAL families were much larger than those of Chlamydomonas , fungi , and animals ( n=0-4 ) , and a lineage-specific expansion of BGAL genes apparently occurred after divergence of the Arabidopsis and rice lineages .
All plant BGAL genes , with the exception of Arabidopsis BGAL17 and rice Os 9633 . m04334 , form a monophyletic group .
Arabidopsis BGAL expression levels are much higher in mature leaves , roots , flowers , and siliques but are lower in young seedlings .
BGAL8 , BGAL11 , BGAL13 , BGAL14 , and BGAL16 are expressed only in flowers .
Catalytically active BGAL4 was produced in the E coli and baculoviral expression systems , purified to electrophoretic homogeneity , and partially characterized .
The purified enzyme hydrolyzed p and o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactosides .
It also cleaved beta- ( 1 , 3 ) - , beta- ( 1 , 4 ) - , and beta- ( 1 , 6 ) -linked galactobiosides and galactotriosides , showing a marked preference for beta- ( 1 , 3 ) - and beta- ( 1 , 4 ) -linkages .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Catalytically active BGAL4 was produced in the E coli and baculoviral expression systems , purified to electrophoretic homogeneity , and partially characterized .
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