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| Title: Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete .
Conservative versus surgical treatment .
| | Author: Lynch SA Renstrm PA .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 27 ( 1 ) P : 61-71 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028133 Accession (PMID): 10028133 | | Abstract: Acute lateral ankle ligament sprains are common in young athletes ( 15 to 35 years of age ) .
Diagnostic and treatment protocols vary .
Therapies range from cast immobilisation or acute surgical repair to functional rehabilitation .
The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments .
Injuries typically occur during plantar flexion and inversion ; the ATFL is most commonly torn .
The CFL and the PTFL can also be injured and , after severe inversion , subtalar joint ligaments are also affected .
Commonly , an athlete with a lateral ankle ligament sprain reports having rolled over the outside of their ankle .
The entire ankle and foot must be examined to ensure there are no other injuries .
Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function .
Radiographs may rule out treatable fractures in severe injuries or when pain or tenderness are not associated with lateral ligaments .
Stress radiographs do not affect treatment .
Ankle sprains are classified from grades I to III ( mild , moderate or severe ) .
Grade I and II injuries recover quickly with nonoperative management .
A non-operative functional treatment programme includes immediate use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression , elevation ) , a short period of immobilisation and protection with a tape or bandage , and early range of motion , weight-bearing and neuromuscular training exercises .
Proprioceptive training on a tilt board after 3 to 4 weeks helps improve balance and neuromuscular control of the ankle .
Treatment for grade III injuries is more controversial A comprehensive literature evaluation and meta-analysis showed that early functional treatment provided the fastest recovery of ankle mobility and earliest return to work and physical activity without affecting late mechanical stability .
Functional treatment was complication-free , whereas surgery had serious , though infrequent , complications .
Functional treatment produced no more sequelae than casting with or without surgical repair .
Secondary surgical repair , even years after an injury , has results comparable to those of primary repair , so even competitive athletes can receive initial conservative treatment .
Sequelae of lateral ligament injuries are common .
After conservative or surgical treatment , 10 to 30% of patients have chronic symptoms , including persistent synovitis or tendinitis , ankle stiffness , swelling , pain , muscle weakness and giving-way .
Well-designed physical therapy programmes usually reduce instability .
For individuals with chronic instability refractory to conservative measures , surgery may be needed .
Subtalar instability should be carefully evaluated when considering surgery .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function .
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| Title: Jamu Gendong , a kind of traditional medicine in Indonesia : the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct .
| | Author: Limyati DA Juniar BL .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 63 ( 3 ) P : 201-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10030724 Accession (PMID): 10030724 | | Abstract: An examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of Jamu Gendong ( JG ) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine , issued by the Department of Health of Indonesia in 1986 .
Samples of JG and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of Surabaya .
The samples were subject to the following examinations : total plate count ( TPC ) , MPN coliform , the enumeration of molds and yeasts , the presence or absence of Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella and Vibrio .
Each time the JG samples were taken from different producers together with their raw materials .
The results of this investigation showed that most of the JG samples were heavily contaminated with bacteria , yeasts and molds .
For bacteria , taken from the TPC results , their numbers were ranging from 7 . 7 x 10 ( 2 ) microorganisms/ml to too many to count ( TMTC ) .
For yeasts and molds the numbers showed variations from 0 microorganisms/ml to TMTC .
Contamination with Coliform in 1 ml of JG were ranged from 0 to > 2 . 4 x 10 ( 6 ) microorganisms .
In most of the samples pathogenic Staphylococci , Salmonella sp . and Vibrio sp . were not detected , so that a conclusion can be drawn that most of the contamination in JG are saprophytic , only a few pathogenic .
The results also show that it is possible to have JG which fulfill the governments requirements .
Similar results were obtained with the plant material constituents of JG such as rhizomes , leaves , herbs and fruits of Piper nigrum and Piper retrofractum , with the exception of Piper betle leaves and P retrofractum fruits , both showing low contamination of Coliform bacteria .
However , the fruits of Citrus aurantifolia and Morinda citrifolia were less contaminated , just like seeds of Oryza sativa , Parkia roxburghii , bulbs of Allium sativum and the pulp of Tamarindus indica .
With these plant constituents of JG , it might be of interest to screen their antibacterial and antifungal activities . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: With these plant constituents of JG , it might be of interest to screen their antibacterial and antifungal activities .
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| Title: A rice homolog of Cdk7/MO15 phosphorylates both cyclin-dependent protein kinases and the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II .
| | Author: Yamaguchi M Umeda M Uchimiya H | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 16 ( 5 ) P : 613-9 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10036778 Accession (PMID): 10036778 | | Abstract: The activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinases ( CDKs ) requires phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the T-loop by a CDK-activating kinase ( CAK ) .
The R2 protein of rice is very similar to CAKs of animals and fission yeast at the amino acid level but phosphorylation by R2 has not yet been demonstrated .
When R2 was overexpressed in a CAK-deficient mutant of budding yeast , it suppressed the temperature sensitivity of the mutation .
Immunoprecipitates of rice proteins with the anti-R2 antibody phosphorylated human CDK2 , one of the rice CDKs ( Cdc2Os1 ) , and the carboxy-terminal domain ( CTD ) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Arabidopsis .
Mutational analysis indicated that R2 phosphorylated the threonine residue within the T-loop of CDK2 and Cdc2Os1 .
R2 was found mainly in two protein complexes which had molecular masses of 190 kDa and 70 kDa , respectively , whilst the CDK and CTD-kinase activities associated with R2 were identified in a complex of 105 kDa .
These results indicate that R2 is closely related to CAKs of animals and fission yeast in terms of its phosphorylation activity and , moreover , that this CAK of rice is distinct from a CAK of the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Immunoprecipitates of rice proteins with the anti-R2 antibody phosphorylated human CDK2 , one of the rice CDKs ( Cdc2Os1 ) , and the carboxy-terminal domain ( CTD ) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Arabidopsis .
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| Title: Seasonal fluctuation in energy balance among farmers in Northeast Thailand : the lack of response of energy intake to the change of energy expenditure .
| | Author: Murayama N Ohtsuka R | | Journal: Citation: V : 53 ( 1 ) P : 39-49 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10048798 Accession (PMID): 10048798 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : The study aimed to clarify the seasonal fluctuations in energy balance and their factors among rice-growing farmers in Northeast Thailand whose rice production was enough to their food energy demand .
DESIGN : Prospective and repeated measurements in the field .
SETTING : A rain-fed rice-farming village .
SUBJECTS : Eight pairs of husband and wife .
INTERVENTIONS : In each of four periods in a year , anthropometry , energy expenditure survey with heart-rate monitoring and minute-by-minute activity recording , and food consumption survey were conducted for each subject for 4 days .
RESULTS : The change of body weight was modest but differed significantly ( P < 0 . 001 ) between pre-harvest and post-harvest seasons : 1 . 3 kg ( 2 . 3% ) for males , 2 . 5 kg ( 4 . 3% ) for females .
Total energy expenditure ( TEE ) fluctuated markedly between the 4 seasons ( P < 0 . 001 for males and females ) , but total energy intake ( TEI ) fluctuated to lesser extents ( P < 0 . 05 for females only ) .
In relation to energy expenditure , physiological indicators ( except respiratory quotient ) did not fluctuate throughout the year but behavioral indicators did .
The changes in body weight were significantly correlated with the changes in TEE ( r = 0 . 60 , P < 0 . 05 for males ; r = 0 . 83 , P < 0 . 01 for females ) but not with the changes in TEI ; TEE and TEI were not correlated .
CONCLUSIONS : The modest seasonal changes in body weight among rain-fed rice farmers in Northeast Thailand were caused by the lack of response of TEI to the change of TEE . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: INTERVENTIONS : In each of four periods in a year , anthropometry , energy expenditure survey with heart-rate monitoring and minute-by-minute activity recording , and food consumption survey were conducted for each subject for 4 days .
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| Title: Water balance and fecal moisture content in suckling calves as influenced by free access to dry feed .
| | Author: Abe M Matsunaga M Iriki T Funaba M Honjo T Wada Y | | Journal: J Dairy Sci .
Citation: V : 82 ( 2 ) P : 320-32 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10068954 Accession (PMID): 10068954 | | Abstract: Holstein bull calves were used to examine the effect of dry feed on water balance and fecal moisture content during the suckling period .
In Experiment 1 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and timothy hay decreased urine volume and increased apparent water retention , fecal water excretion , and fecal moisture content by 2 wk , although daily amounts of milk replacer also affected water balance when DMI from dry feed was low .
In Experiment 2 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased reabsorption of water from renal tubules during wk 2 , resulting in reduced urine volume and increased plasma volume .
In Experiment 3 ( n = 10 calves ) , supplementation of 500 g/d of milk replacer plus free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased plasma antidiuretic hormone by 2 wk compared with the concentration in calves receiving 200 g/d of milk replacer alone .
Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies but not with glucose and urea .
In Experiment 4 ( n = 16 calves ) , apparent water retention and fecal moisture content during wk 2 were increased by free access to concentrate from wk 1 but were not affected by rice straw as an inert bulk source .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Experiment 3 ( n = 10 calves ) , supplementation of 500 g/d of milk replacer plus free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased plasma antidiuretic hormone by 2 wk compared with the concentration in calves receiving 200 g/d of milk replacer alone .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies but not with glucose and urea .
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| Title: Phosphorylation of proteins in the stem section of etiolated rice seedling irradiated with red light .
| | Author: Hamada T Hasunuma K Komatsu S | | Journal: Biol . Pharm . Bull . Citation: V : 22 ( 2 ) P : 122-6 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10077428 Accession (PMID): 10077428 | | Abstract: The molecular mechanism of light signal perception was analyzed using stem sections of etiolated rice ( Oryza sativa L ) seedlings irradiated with red light from a fluorescent lamp .
The membrane and cytosol fractions were labeled by 40 nM [ gamma-32P ] ATP for 10 s at 0 degrees C and proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Phosphorylation of three proteins with molecular weights of 16 , 17 and 18 kDa in the rice increased with the intensity of red light irradiation ( 50 micromol/m2/s ) for 16 min .
Most of the phosphorylation activity was present in the cytosol fraction .
The three proteins cross-reacted with the anti-nucleoside diphosphate ( NDP ) kinase antibody .
Phosphorylation of these proteins was correlated with changes in the activity of NDP kinase .
These proteins phosphorylated histone III-S , a substrate for measuring the protein kinase activity .
By phospho-amino acid analysis , phosphoserine was found present in the phosphorylated proteins .
These rapidly phosphorylated proteins would thus appear to have the features of NDP kinase . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The three proteins cross-reacted with the anti-nucleoside diphosphate ( NDP ) kinase antibody .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of an anther-specific gene , RA8 , from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Jeon JS Chung YY Lee S Yi GH Oh BG An G | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 1 ) P : 35-44 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080707 Accession (PMID): 10080707 | | Abstract: An anther-specific cDNA clone of rice , RA8 , was isolated from an anther cDNA library by differential screening .
RNA blot analysis indicated that the RA8 transcript is present specifically in anthers and the transcript level increased as flowers matured , reaching the highest level in mature flowers .
The RA8 clone contains an open reading frame of 264 amino acid residues with a hydrophobic N-terminal region .
The deduced amino acid sequences did not show significant homology to any known sequences .
Genomic DNA blot analysis showed that RA8 is a single-copy gene .
A genomic clone corresponding to the RA8 cDNA was isolated and its promoter region was fused to the beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) gene .
Transgenic rice plants exhibited anther-specific expression of the GUS reporter gene .
Histochemical GUS analysis showed that the RA8 promoter was active in the tapetum , endothecium , and connective it issues of anthers .
Experiments showed that expression of the gene starts when microspores are released from tetrads , and it reaches to the maximum level at the late vacuolated-pollen stage .
The RA8 promoter may be useful for controlling gene expression in anthers of cereal plants and for generating male-sterile plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: An anther-specific cDNA clone of rice , RA8 , was isolated from an anther cDNA library by differential screening .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA blot analysis indicated that the RA8 transcript is present specifically in anthers and the transcript level increased as flowers matured , reaching the highest level in mature flowers .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transgenic rice plants exhibited anther-specific expression of the GUS reporter gene .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Histochemical GUS analysis showed that the RA8 promoter was active in the tapetum , endothecium , and connective it issues of anthers .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The RA8 promoter may be useful for controlling gene expression in anthers of cereal plants and for generating male-sterile plants .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against fumitremorgin B | | Author: Liu J Meng ZH .
| | Journal: Biomed . Environ . Sci . Citation: V : 11 ( 4 ) P : 336-44 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10095931 Accession (PMID): 10095931 | | Abstract: This paper reports the preparation and identification of two monoclonal antibodies against FTB , and the establishment of an indirect competitive ELISA methods for FTB determination in buckwheat , rice , and corn .
Two of the hybridoma cell lines ( 1C9 and 2D10 ) , which could produce specific antibodies against fumitremorgin B ( FTB ) , were selected and developed .
The affinity Kaff constants of the monoclonal antibodies with the coating antigen , FTBS-IgG , were found to be 6 x 10 ( 8 ) M-1 and 9 . 8 x 10 M-1 , respectively .
The isotypes of the monoclonal antibodies are of two isotypes , IgG1 and IgM , respectively .
The antibody titers were found around 1 x 10 ( 6 ) and 1 . 5 x 10 ( 6 ) .
The standard curves showed that as little as 5 pg of FTB in 50 mL could be detected , and the linear range of standard curve was from 10 pg to 1000 pg of standard FTB .
There were no cross-reaction for McAbs in the assay system with some mycotoxins tested .
The mean recovery rate from buckwheat spiked with 10-60 ng/g of FTB was 78-88 . 7% . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The affinity Kaff constants of the monoclonal antibodies with the coating antigen , FTBS-IgG , were found to be 6 x 10 ( 8 ) M-1 and 9 . 8 x 10 M-1 , respectively .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper reports the preparation and identification of two monoclonal antibodies against FTB , and the establishment of an indirect competitive ELISA methods for FTB determination in buckwheat , rice , and corn .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two of the hybridoma cell lines ( 1C9 and 2D10 ) , which could produce specific antibodies against fumitremorgin B ( FTB ) , were selected and developed .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The isotypes of the monoclonal antibodies are of two isotypes , IgG1 and IgM , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The antibody titers were found around 1 x 10 ( 6 ) and 1 . 5 x 10 ( 6 ) .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Silencing of an aleurone-specific gene in transgenic rice is caused by a rearranged transgene .
| | Author: Morino K Olsen OA Shimamoto K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 17 ( 3 ) P : 275-85 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10097385 Accession (PMID): 10097385 | | Abstract: In rice , silencing of the aleurone-specific Ltp2-gus transgene , causing easily detectable staining patterns on the grain surface , offers a convenient tool to study quantitative aspects of gene silencing in monocots .
In this paper we analyzed phenotypes , occurrence , inheritance and environmental effects on the silencing .
We also report on the cloning of transgenes , determination of their structure and analysis of transcripts from the transgene loci .
The results show that various patterns of silencing appeared in the R2 generation at which most of the transgenes became homozygous and that they were inherited for five generations .
In addition , silencing independently occurred in three generations and reversion to full expression was also found .
Cloning of transgenes from a silenced L3 . 3 line demonstrated that this line carried two transgene loci : one carried an intact Ltp2-gus gene and the other carried a rearranged transgene in which part of the gus gene was in the antisense orientation .
Analysis of gus transcripts indicated that partial antisense RNA derived from the rearranged transgene was present in silenced lines and was polyadenylated but that it was absent in non-silenced lines .
RNA analyses suggested that the Ltp2-gus silencing in the aleurone layer was post-transcriptional and that it may be caused by interaction of partial antisense gus transcripts with normal sense transcripts .
Possible involvement of antisense transcripts in post-transcriptional silencing is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cloning of transgenes from a silenced L3 . 3 line demonstrated that this line carried two transgene loci : one carried an intact Ltp2-gus gene and the other carried a rearranged transgene in which part of the gus gene was in the antisense orientation .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analysis of gus transcripts indicated that partial antisense RNA derived from the rearranged transgene was present in silenced lines and was polyadenylated but that it was absent in non-silenced lines .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA analyses suggested that the Ltp2-gus silencing in the aleurone layer was post-transcriptional and that it may be caused by interaction of partial antisense gus transcripts with normal sense transcripts .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Possible involvement of antisense transcripts in post-transcriptional silencing is discussed .
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| Title: Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of gyrB of Bacillus cereus , B thuringiensis , B mycoides , and B anthracis and their application to the detection of B cereus in rice .
| | Author: Yamada S Ohashi E Agata N Venkateswaran K | | Journal: Appl . Environ . Microbiol . Citation: V : 65 ( 4 ) P : 1483-90 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10103241 Accession (PMID): 10103241 | | Abstract: As 16S rRNA sequence analysis has proven inadequate for the differentiation of Bacillus cereus from closely related species , we employed the gyrase B gene ( gyrB ) as a molecular diagnostic marker .
The gyrB genes of B cereus JCM 2152 ( T ) , Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077 ( T ) , Bacillus mycoides ATCC 6462 ( T ) , and Bacillus anthracis Pasteur 2H were cloned and sequenced .
Oligonucleotide PCR primer sets were designed from within gyrB sequences of the respective bacteria for the specific amplification and differentiation of B cereus , B thuringiensis , and B anthracis .
The results from the amplification of gyrB sequences correlated well with results obtained with the 16S rDNA-based hybridization study but not with the results of their phenotypic characterization .
Some of the reference strains of both B cereus ( three serovars ) and B thuringiensis ( two serovars ) were not positive in PCR amplification assays with gyrB primers .
However , complete sequencing of 1 . 2-kb gyrB fragments of these reference strains showed that these serovars had , in fact , lower homology than their originally designated species .
We developed and tested a procedure for the specific detection of the target organism in boiled rice that entailed 15 h of preenrichment followed by PCR amplification of the B cereus-specific fragment .
This method enabled us to detect an initial inoculum of 0 . 24 CFU of B cereus cells per g of boiled rice food homogenate without extracting DNA .
However , a simple two-step filtration step is required to remove PCR inhibitory substances . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The gyrB genes of B cereus JCM 2152 ( T ) , Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077 ( T ) , Bacillus mycoides ATCC 6462 ( T ) , and Bacillus anthracis Pasteur 2H were cloned and sequenced .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Oligonucleotide PCR primer sets were designed from within gyrB sequences of the respective bacteria for the specific amplification and differentiation of B cereus , B thuringiensis , and B anthracis .
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| Title: Zinc supplementation in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea in Pakistan .
| | Author: Bhutta ZA Nizami SQ Isani Z | | Journal: Pediatrics Citation: V : 103 ( 4 ) P : e42 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10103334 Accession (PMID): 10103334 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the potential benefit of dietary supplementation of a rice-lentil ( Khitchri ) and yogurt diet with 3 mg/kg/d of elemental zinc ( as zinc sulfate ) in hospitalized malnourished children ( age 6-36 months ) with persistent diarrhea for 14 days .
METHODOLOGY : Randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled trial SETTING : Nutrition Research Ward at the National Institute of Child Health , Karachi , Pakistan , where children were admitted for 14 days of inpatient supervised rehabilitation .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Primary outcome : overall weight gain by day 14 .
Secondary outcomes : overall energy intake , stool output , time to diarrheal recovery and weight gain ( >/=3 days ) , plasma zinc , copper , prealbumin , and insulin-like growth factor-1 .
RESULTS : Of 87 children randomized for supplementation with either zinc or placebo , the two groups were comparable at admission in terms of severity and duration of diarrhea , as well as nutritional and anthropometric parameters .
The overall weight gain , stool volume , stool frequency , as well as the time taken for diarrheal recovery or steady weight gain , were comparable for both supplemented children and controls .
Supplemented children had a significant improvement in plasma zinc levels and serum alkaline phosphatase by day 14 of therapy in comparison with controls .
Plasma copper levels were low in both groups at admission and although an increase was seen in control children , levels decreased further after zinc supplementation .
There was no significant difference between the two groups for hemoglobin , serum albumin , prealbumin , and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 increments during the course of therapy .
Evaluation of primary and secondary outcome criteria among the subset of children with plasma zinc levels <60 microg/d at admission did not reveal any significant differences .
CONCLUSIONS : Although there was satisfactory recovery in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea receiving the Khitchri-yogurt diet , there was no evidence of improved weight gain or acceleration of recovery from diarrhea with zinc supplementation .
In contrast , the reduction in plasma copper levels in zinc-supplemented malnourished children suggests that caution should be exercised in supplementing severely malnourished children with zinc alone . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : Of 87 children randomized for supplementation with either zinc or placebo , the two groups were comparable at admission in terms of severity and duration of diarrhea , as well as nutritional and anthropometric parameters .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Pharmacoeconomics of the therapy of diarrhoeal disease .
| | Author: Nathavitharana KA Booth IW .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 2 ( 4 ) P : 305-23 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10150156 Accession (PMID): 10150156 | | Abstract: We review the pathophysiology of intestinal water and electrolyte transport leading to diarrhoea , the currently available pharmacological strategies for its treatment , and the economic implications of such treatments .
Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 .
Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management .
The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established .
Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide .
More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT .
For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones .
Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited .
Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage .
Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous .
Despite the availability of a wide spectrum of pharmacological agents for diarrhoea reviewed in this article , only a few such agents are of proven clinical efficacy : corticosteroids , aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and opioid derivatives such as loperamide which may be useful in protracted diarrhoea in children and in disorders where rapid gastrointestinal transit is the main cause of diarrhoea .
Opioids are not recommended for acute infective diarrhoea in childhood .
Octreotide , a somatostatin analogue , is reported to be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea due to noninfective causes and in the treatment of intractable diarrhoea associated with AIDS .
Its high cost and need for parenteral administration prevent its wider application . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Measurement of gluten using a monoclonal antibody to a coeliac toxic peptide of A-gliadin .
| | Author: Ellis HJ Rosen-Bronson S OReilly N Ciclitira PJ .
| | Journal: Gut Citation: V : 43 ( 2 ) P : 190-5 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10189843 Accession (PMID): 10189843 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Future European Community regulations will require a sensitive and specific assay for measurement of coeliac toxic gluten proteins in foods marketed as gluten-free .
To avoid spurious cross reactions with non-toxic proteins , specific antibodies and target antigens are required .
A synthetic 19 amino acid peptide of A gliadin has been shown to cause deterioration in the morphology of small intestinal biopsy specimens of coeliac patients in remission .
AIMS : To develop an assay for detection of gluten in foods , based on measurement of a known toxic peptide .
METHODS : A monoclonal antibody raised against the toxic A gliadin peptide , with a polyclonal anti-unfractionated gliadin capture antibody , was used to develop a double sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) for the measurement of gluten in foods .
RESULTS : Standard curves for gliadin and for rye , barley , and oat prolamins were produced .
The sensitivity of the assay was 4 ng/ml of gliadin , 500 ng/ml for rye prolamins , and 1000 ng/ml for oat and barley prolamins .
The assay could detect gluten in cooked foods , although at reduced sensitivity .
Prolamins from coeliac non-toxic rice , maize , millet , and sorghum did not cross react in the assay .
A variety of commercially available gluten-free foods were analysed ; small quantities of gluten were detected in some products .
CONCLUSION : The assay may form the basis of a sensitive method for measurement of gluten in foods for consumption by patients with coeliac disease .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: METHODS : A monoclonal antibody raised against the toxic A gliadin peptide , with a polyclonal anti-unfractionated gliadin capture antibody , was used to develop a double sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) for the measurement of gluten in foods .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: To avoid spurious cross reactions with non-toxic proteins , specific antibodies and target antigens are required .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Risk factors for IgA nephropathy : a case-control study in Japan .
| | Author: Wakai K Kawamura T Matsuo S Hotta N Ohno Y | | Journal: Am .
J Kidney Dis .
Citation: V : 33 ( 4 ) P : 738-45 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10196018 Accession (PMID): 10196018 | | Abstract: To disclose the risk factors for immunoglobulin A nephropathy ( IgAN ) , we conducted a case-control study in the Tokai area of central Japan .
The subjects were 94 patients , aged 20 years or older at diagnosis , who had histologically confirmed IgAN .
Two sex- , age- , and residence-matched controls were randomly selected for each case from the general population .
Information on medical history and lifestyle was collected using a self-administered questionnaire .
The strength of association between IgAN and a potential risk factor was assessed by calculating an odds ratio .
A family history of chronic nephritis , susceptibility to the common cold , preference for salty foods , frequent consumption of raw eggs , and a high intake of carbohydrates , including rice , were significantly associated with an increased risk for IgAN .
Alcohol consumption , use of antioxidant vitamin supplements , and a high intake of protein , fat , monounsaturated fatty acids , and all/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were somewhat protective against IgAN .
Episodes of tonsillitis and exposure to organic solvents were found not to be associated with the risk in the present study .
Our findings may provide some clues to the cause of IgAN .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alcohol consumption , use of antioxidant vitamin supplements , and a high intake of protein , fat , monounsaturated fatty acids , and all/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were somewhat protective against IgAN .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Separation and characterization of proteins from green and etiolated shoots of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) : towards a rice proteome .
| | Author: Komatsu S Muhammad A Rakwal R | | Journal: Electrophoresis Citation: V : 20 ( 3 ) P : 630-6 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10217180 Accession (PMID): 10217180 | | Abstract: Proteins extracted from green and etiolated shoots of rice were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and relative molecular weights and isoelectric points were determined .
The separated proteins were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and 85 proteins were analyzed by a gas-phase protein sequencer .
The N-terminal amino acid sequences of 21 out of 85 proteins were determined in this manner .
N-terminal regions of the remaining proteins could not be sequenced .
The internal amino acid sequences of proteins were determined by sequence analysis of peptides obtained by the Cleveland peptide mapping method and compared with those of known plant and animal protein sequences to understand the nature of the proteins .
Green shoots revealed the presence of photosynthetic proteins as expected ; however , as etiolated shoots were not photosynthetic , only precursors of the photosynthetic proteins were identified .
Interestingly , the presence of L-ascorbate peroxidase only in etiolated shoots suggests a cellular protectant function for this antioxidant enzyme in the etiolating shoots .
Using this experimental approach , we could identify the major proteins involved in growth regulation in photosynthetic green shoots as well as in etiolating rice seedlings . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Interestingly , the presence of L-ascorbate peroxidase only in etiolated shoots suggests a cellular protectant function for this antioxidant enzyme in the etiolating shoots .
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Score: 8.00 |
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| Title: Antimutagens in food plants eaten by Polynesians : micronutrients , phytochemicals and protection against bacterial mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [ 4 , 5-f ] quinoline .
| | Author: Botting KJ Young MM Pearson AE Harris PJ Ferguson LR .
| | Journal: Food Chem . Toxicol . Citation: V : 37 ( 2-3 ) P : 95-103 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10227732 Accession (PMID): 10227732 | | Abstract: We have previously suggested that differences in cancer incidence between Polynesians ( including Maoris and people from several Pacific islands ) and Europeans in New Zealand may at least partially relate to differences in the species of food plants ( fruits , vegetables and cereals ) preferentially eaten by these groups .
Twenty-five food plants that are typically eaten in different amounts by these two population groups were selected for detailed study .
Antimutagenic properties of three extracts from each of the selected plants were investigated using a preincubation mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1538 against the mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [ 4 , 5-f ] quinoline ( IQ ) .
The data revealed strong antimutagenic properties in several of the food plants commonly eaten by Polynesians , especially rice , watercress , pawpaw , taro leaves , green banana and mango .
Using the New Zealand food database , a number of nutrients and micronutrients with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential were identified from the selected food plants .
Some of these were tested for antimutagenic potential in parallel experiments to those done with the food plant extracts .
Although some of these micronutrients are antimutagens against IQ , their concentrations in the food plants failed to explain the protection against mutagenicity found in the experiments with extracts of the food plants .
Thus , other types of chemical , not identified in the database , must be leading to antimutagenesis .
Possible active molecules include chlorophylls , carotenoids , flavonoids and coumarins , many of which are also known to be anticarcinogens .
If human cancer data are to be interpreted in terms of cancer protection , these components need urgently to be quantified in food plants in the New Zealand diet , especially in those food plants eaten in large amounts by Polynesians .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Using the New Zealand food database , a number of nutrients and micronutrients with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential were identified from the selected food plants .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Antimutagenic properties of three extracts from each of the selected plants were investigated using a preincubation mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1538 against the mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [ 4 , 5-f ] quinoline ( IQ ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The data revealed strong antimutagenic properties in several of the food plants commonly eaten by Polynesians , especially rice , watercress , pawpaw , taro leaves , green banana and mango .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some of these were tested for antimutagenic potential in parallel experiments to those done with the food plant extracts .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although some of these micronutrients are antimutagens against IQ , their concentrations in the food plants failed to explain the protection against mutagenicity found in the experiments with extracts of the food plants .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , other types of chemical , not identified in the database , must be leading to antimutagenesis .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Possible active molecules include chlorophylls , carotenoids , flavonoids and coumarins , many of which are also known to be anticarcinogens .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Relation between IgG antibodies to foods and IgE antibodies to milk , egg , cat , dog and/or mite in a cross-sectional study .
| | Author: Eysink PE De Jong MH Bindels PJ Scharp-Van Der Linden VT De Groot CJ Stapel SO Aalberse RC .
| | Journal: Clin . Exp . Allergy Citation: V : 29 ( 5 ) P : 604-10 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10231319 Accession (PMID): 10231319 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Because IgG antibodies to foods can be detected before IgE antibodies to inhalants , increased levels of IgG antibodies to foods might be used as a predictor of IgE-mediated allergy in initially nonatopic children .
OBJECTIVE : To examine the cross-sectional relation between IgG to foods ( ie mixture of wheat and rice , mixture of soybean and peanut , egg white , cows milk , meat , orange and potato ) and specific IgE to cat , dog , mite , milk and egg white in 1-year-old children .
METHODS : All atopic children ( n = 120 ; 58 with and 62 without eczema ) and a random sample of the nonatopic children ( n = 144 ) of the Bokaal study were tested on their IgG response to foods .
The IgG results of the food assays were dichotomized high or low using the 66th centile as a cut-off value .
RESULTS : Atopic children more often had high IgG levels to foods than nonatopic children .
IgG to egg white ( OR = 7 . 50 ) and mixture of wheat and rice ( OR = 4 . 79 ) were most strongly associated with positive specific IgE .
In a stepwise logistic regression analysis egg white , mixture of wheat and rice , and orange were selected ( OR = 3 . 76 , OR = 2 . 43 , and OR = 2 . 11 , respectively ) .
In children without eczema higher levels of IgG to foods were still significantly associated with atopy , which was most prominent for egg white , orange and cows milk .
CONCLUSION : An increased IgG antibody level to foods , especially to egg white , orange , and mixture of wheat and rice , indicates an increased risk of having IgE to cat , dog , mite , egg and/or milk allergens , even in the noneczematous group .
Therefore , in another prospective study we are currently investigating the usefulness of IgG in early identification , ie before IgE antibodies can be detected , of children with an increased risk of developing allergic diseases in the future .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 3.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Because IgG antibodies to foods can be detected before IgE antibodies to inhalants , increased levels of IgG antibodies to foods might be used as a predictor of IgE-mediated allergy in initially nonatopic children .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : An increased IgG antibody level to foods , especially to egg white , orange , and mixture of wheat and rice , indicates an increased risk of having IgE to cat , dog , mite , egg and/or milk allergens , even in the noneczematous group .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Therefore , in another prospective study we are currently investigating the usefulness of IgG in early identification , ie before IgE antibodies can be detected , of children with an increased risk of developing allergic diseases in the future .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Catalytic mechanism of scytalone dehydratase : site-directed mutagenisis , kinetic isotope effects , and alternate substrates .
| | Author: Basarab GS Steffens JJ Wawrzak Z Schwartz RS Lundqvist T Jordan DB .
| | Journal: Biochemistry Citation: V : 38 ( 19 ) P : 6012-24 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10320327 Accession (PMID): 10320327 | | Abstract: On the basis of the X-ray crystal structure of scytalone dehydratase complexed with an active center inhibitor [ Lundqvist , T , Rice , J , Hodge , C N , Basarab , G S , Pierce , J and Lindqvist , Y ( 1994 ) Structure ( London ) 2 , 937-944 ] , eight active-site residues were mutated to examine their roles in the catalytic mechanism .
All but one residue ( Lys73 , a potential base in an anti elimination mechanism ) were found to be important to catalysis or substrate binding .
Steady-state kinetic parameters for the mutants support the native roles for the residues ( Asn131 , Asp31 , His85 , His110 , Ser129 , Tyr30 , and Tyr50 ) within a syn elimination mechanism .
Relative substrate specificities for the two physiological substrates , scytalone and veremelone , versus a Ser129 mutant help assign the orientation of the substrates within the active site .
His85Asn was the most damaging mutation to catalysis consistent with its native roles as a general base and a general acid in a syn elimination .
The additive effect of Tyr30Phe and Tyr50Phe mutations in the double mutant is consistent with their roles in protonating the substrates carbonyl through a water molecule .
Studies on a synthetic substrate , which has an anomeric carbon atom which can better stabilize a carbocation than the physiological substrate ( vermelone ) , suggest that His110Asn prefers this substrate over vermelone in order to balance the mutation-imposed weakness in promoting the elimination of hydroxide from substrates .
All mutant enzymes bound a potent active-site inhibitor in near 1 : 1 stoichiometry , thereby supporting their active-site integrity .
An X-ray crystal structure of the Tyr50Phe mutant indicated that both active-site waters were retained , likely accounting for its residual catalytic activity .
Steady-state kinetic parameters with deuterated scytalone gave kinetic isotope effects of 2 . 7 on kcat and 4 . 2 on kcat/Km , suggesting that steps after dehydration partially limit kcat .
Pre-steady-state measurements of a single-enzyme turnover with scytalone gave a rate that was 6-fold larger than kcat . kcat/Km with scytalone has a pKa of 7 . 9 similar to the pKa value for the ionization of the substrates C6 phenolic hydroxyl , whereas kcat was unaffected by pH , indicating that the anionic form of scytalone does not bind well to enzyme .
With an alternate substrate having a pKa above 11 , kcat/Km had a pKa of 9 . 3 likely due to the ionization of Tyr50 .
The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone was nearly a billion-fold slower than the enzyme-catalyzed rate at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone had a deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1 . 2 at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C , and scytalone incorporated deuterium from D2O in the C2 position about 70-fold more rapidly than the dehydration rate .
Thus , scytalone dehydrates through an E1cb mechanism off the enzyme .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: All but one residue ( Lys73 , a potential base in an anti elimination mechanism ) were found to be important to catalysis or substrate binding .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Food additives and genetically modified food--a risk for allergic patients? ] | | Author: WEhrich B | | Journal: Schweiz . Rundsch . Med . Prax . Citation: V : 88 ( 14 ) P : 609-14 , 616-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10321121 Accession (PMID): 10321121 | | Abstract: Adverse reactions to food and food additives must be classified according to pathogenic criteria .
It is necessary to strictly differentiate between an allergy , triggered by a substance-specific immunological mechanism , and an intolerance , in which no specific immune reaction can be established .
In contrast to views expressed in the media , by laymen and patients , adverse reactions to additives are less frequent than is believed .
Due to frequently "alternative" methods of examination , an allergy to food additives is often wrongly blamed as the cause of a wide variety of symptoms and illness .
Diagnosing an allergy or intolerance to additives normally involves carrying out double-blind , placebo-controlled oral provocation tests with food additives .
Allergic reactions to food additives occur particularly against additives which are organic in origin .
In principle , it is possible that during the manufacture of genetically modified plants and food , proteins are transferred which potentially create allergies .
However , legislation exists both in the USA ( Federal Drug Administration , FDA ) and in Switzerland ( Ordinance on the approval process for GM food , GM food additives and GM accessory agents for processing ) which require a careful analysis before a genetically modified product is launched , particularly where foreign genes are introduced .
Products containing genetically modified organisms ( GMO ) as additives must be declared .
In addition , the source of the foreign protein must be identified .
The "Round-up ready" ( RR ) soya flour introduced in Switzerland is no different from natural soya flour in terms of its allergenic potential Genetically modified food can be a blessing for allergic individuals if gene technology were to succeed in removing the allergen ( eg such possibilities exist for rice ) .
The same caution shown towards genetically modified food might also be advisable for foreign food in our diet .
Luckily , the immune system of the digestive tract in healthy people tolerates foreign antigens .
Food allergies in adults occur mainly among those allergic to pollen .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Luckily , the immune system of the digestive tract in healthy people tolerates foreign antigens .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Human leptospirosis in the Mekong delta , Viet Nam .
| | Author: Van CT Thuy NT San NH Hien TT Baranton G Perolat P | | Journal: Trans .
R Soc . Trop . Med . Hyg . Citation: V : 92 ( 6 ) P : 625-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10326104 Accession (PMID): 10326104 | | Abstract: To estimate the seroprevalence of human leptospirosis in the Mekong delta in Viet Nam , an epidemiological survey was conducted in the province of Tien Giang , which is representative of the socioeconomic activities of the region ( rice growing and cattle breeding ) .
A cross-sectional study included 35 clusters representing 1400 people randomly selected and aged 15-60 years .
Sex , age , occupation , contact with animals , type of water supply , and individual habits were recorded .
Leptospiral agglutinins were detected by the microagglutination test , with a battery of 22 live antigens representing the main pathogenic serogroups of Leptospira species and additional local strains .
263 sera ( 18 . 8% ) gave positive results and 41 ( 2 . 9% ) had a titre of agglutinins > or = 400 , suggesting recent infection .
No significant difference was found between females and males .
The distribution of seroprevalence was homogeneous throughout the population studied , with the exception of the 15-25 years age group , in which leptospiral antibodies were less frequent .
Fifteen serogroups were found , the most prevalent being Bataviae ( 21 . 7% ) , Panama ( 15 . 2% ) , Icterohaemorrhagiae ( 13 . 7% ) and Australis ( 8 . 7% ) .
No significant link between leptospiral seropositivity and professional activities or contacts with animals was found , indicating that leptospirosis in the Mekong delta may be considered as an environmentally linked disease .
Leptospirosis is known to be endemic in south-east Asia , and these data demonstrated the high level of circulation of leptospires and the potential importance of leptospiral infections among the rural population in this area .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Leptospiral agglutinins were detected by the microagglutination test , with a battery of 22 live antigens representing the main pathogenic serogroups of Leptospira species and additional local strains .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The distribution of seroprevalence was homogeneous throughout the population studied , with the exception of the 15-25 years age group , in which leptospiral antibodies were less frequent .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Isolation , partial characterisation of antithiamine factor present in rice-bran and its effect on TPP-transketolase system and Staphylococcus aureus .
| | Author: Kumar B Chaudhuri DK .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 46 ( 2 ) P : 154-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1032626 Accession (PMID): 1032626 | | Abstract: 1 .
A light yellow viscous oily antithiamine compound designated as Compound X was isolated from rice-bran and it was composed of three components--glucose , a yellow viscous oily substance ( Fraction A ) and a reddish brown amorphous substance ( Fraction B ) .
2 .
1 mg of Compound X inactivated 3 . 5 microgram of thiamine hydrochloride whereas 1 mg of Fraction A inactivated 26 . 5 microgram of thiamine hydrochloride .
Fraction B had no antithiamine activity .
3 .
Fraction A was partially characterised as benzene nucleus with ortho dihydroxyl groups , one methyl group and a side chain containing hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups .
4 .
Compound X as well as Fraction A inhibited the utilisation of ribose-5-phosphate by TPP-TK system of human erythrocyte hemolysate and the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was retarded by these compounds . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A light yellow viscous oily antithiamine compound designated as Compound X was isolated from rice-bran and it was composed of three components--glucose , a yellow viscous oily substance ( Fraction A ) and a reddish brown amorphous substance ( Fraction B ) .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fraction B had no antithiamine activity .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Usefulness of hypoallergenic rice ( AFT-R 1 ) and analysis of the salt insoluble rice allergen molecule ] | | Author: Ikezawa Z Tsubaki K Osuna H Shimada T Moteki K Sugiyama H Katumata K Anzai H Amano S | | Journal: Arerugi Citation: V : 48 ( 1 ) P : 40-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331306 Accession (PMID): 10331306 | | Abstract: An involvement of rice allergy in development and exacerbation of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis ( AD ) has been suggested in some cases , and it has been also known that elimination diet of rice results in improvement of AD and reduction of the doses of steroid ointment and anti-allergic drugs used for the treatment .
We prepared the hypoallergenic rice grain , AFT-R 1 ( Allergen-free Technology Lab . Inc . -Rice 1 ) , with alkali treatment from the rice material , Koshihikari , which is popular in Japan .
Its usefulness was evaluated clinically and serologically .
The serological study with IgE-ELISA showed that the major allergic protein were remarkably reduced to less than 1/6400 of them in the AFT-R 1 .
Then it was applied to the clinical trial , and evaluated as useful by the clinical effect in 14 ( 93% ) out of 15 patients , who were diagnosed to have rice allergy by the elimination ( in 15 case ) and ingestion ( in 12 cases ) of the regular rice .
The serum taken from the patient , whom the AFT-R 1 was evaluated as unuseful in the clinical trial , was shown to have IgE antibodies reactive to the remaining protein in AFT-R 1 by IgE-ELISA , and the 60 kd protein band was detected as an IgE-binding component of AFT-R 1 by IgE-immunoblotting with the same serum .
This 60 kd rice protein was identified as ADP ( UDP ) -glucose-starch glycosyl transferase ( EC : 2 . 4 . 1 . 21 ) by N-terminal amino acid analysis .
These results indicated that AFT-R 1 is very useful as a substitute of rice in many AD patients with rice allergy , although IgE-binding component such as the 60 kd protein is remaining in one . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: An involvement of rice allergy in development and exacerbation of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis ( AD ) has been suggested in some cases , and it has been also known that elimination diet of rice results in improvement of AD and reduction of the doses of steroid ointment and anti-allergic drugs used for the treatment .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The serum taken from the patient , whom the AFT-R 1 was evaluated as unuseful in the clinical trial , was shown to have IgE antibodies reactive to the remaining protein in AFT-R 1 by IgE-ELISA , and the 60 kd protein band was detected as an IgE-binding component of AFT-R 1 by IgE-immunoblotting with the same serum .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Effectiveness of hypoallergenic rice-by cast analysis ] | | Author: Juji F Kano H Narita M Shibuya N Naritaka S Kitaura J Sugawara Y Sasagawa A Iwata T | | Journal: Arerugi Citation: V : 48 ( 1 ) P : 56-63 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331308 Accession (PMID): 10331308 | | Abstract: Rice is the main food taken every day in Japan .
We introduced hypoallergenic rice ( 95% of albumin and globulin were taken off by hyperpressure method ) for 4 weeks to 7 atopic dermatitis patients ( m 3 , f 4 ) , 11 mo-4 y 8 m ( mean 3 y 2 m ) who showed the RAST score of rice 1 or more .
Stimulation Index by CAST ( cellular antigen stimulation test ) were compared before and after taking the rice ( 50-100 g ) .
By albumin ( 0 . 1-100 micrograms/ml ) , maximum decreases of SI were 22 . 4-96 . 5% ( mean 70 . 9 ) and by globulin maximum decreases of SI were ( 0 . 1-100 micrograms/ml ) 33 . 3-97 . 0% ( mean 72 . 9 ) .
In all the patients the skin conditions were improved . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Stimulation Index by CAST ( cellular antigen stimulation test ) were compared before and after taking the rice ( 50-100 g ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Enumeration and confirmation of Aeromonas hydrophila , Aeromonas caviae , and Aeromonas sobria isolated from raw milk and other milk products in Northern Greece .
| | Author: Melas DS Papageorgiou DK Mantis AI .
| | Journal: J Food Prot .
Citation: V : 62 ( 5 ) P : 463-6 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10340665 Accession (PMID): 10340665 | | Abstract: A total of 138 raw cows and 57 raw ewes milk samples ; 80 pasteurized cows milk samples ; 39 Anthotyros cheese , 36 Manouri cheese , and 23 Feta cheese samples ; and 15 rice pudding samples were examined for the presence and any countable population of Aeromonas species .
Twenty-two ( 15 . 9% ) of the 138 cows milk samples analyzed were contaminated with A hydrophila .
In 13 of these samples , populations of 3 . 0x10 ( 2 ) to 5 . 0x10 ( 3 ) CFU/ml were counted in starch ampicillin agar ( SAA ) .
Eighteen cows milk samples ( 13 . 0% ) were contaminated with A caviae , and in eight of these samples , populations of 2 . 0x10 ( 2 ) to 3 . 0x10 ( 3 ) CFU/ml were counted in SAA .
Five cows milk samples ( 3 . 6% ) were contaminated with A sobria , and in two of these samples , populations of 2 . 5x10 ( 3 ) and 5 . 0x10 ( 3 ) CFU/ml were counted in SAA .
Eleven cows milk samples ( 7 . 9% ) were contaminated with other Aeromonas spp . not classified .
Eight ( 14 . 0% ) of the 57 ewes milk samples analyzed were contaminated with A hydrophila .
In these samples , populations of 5 . 0x10 ( 2 ) to 5 . 0x10 ( 3 ) CFU/ml were counted in SAA .
Six ewes milk samples ( 10 . 5% ) were contaminated with A caviae , and populations of 1 . 5x10 ( 2 ) to 1 . 0x10 ( 3 ) CFU/ ml were counted in SAA .
Two ewes milk samples ( 3 . 5% ) were contaminated with A sobria , and populations counted in SAA were 5 . 0x10 ( 2 ) and 1 . 0x10 ( 3 ) CFU/ml .
Four samples ( 7 . 0% ) were contaminated with other Aeromonas spp . not classified .
A hydrophila was recovered in 4 ( 10 . 2% ) and 3 ( 8 . 3% ) of the Anthotyros and Manouri cheese samples analyzed , respectively , but no countable populations were noted in SAA .
None of the pasteurized milk , Feta cheese , and rice pudding samples yielded Aeromonas spp .
The results of this work indicate that motile Aeromonas are common in raw milk in Greece .
Also , the presence of A hydrophila in the whey cheeses Anthotyros and Manouri indicates that postprocessing contaminations of these products with motile Aeromonas may occur during production .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 138 raw cows and 57 raw ewes milk samples ; 80 pasteurized cows milk samples ; 39 Anthotyros cheese , 36 Manouri cheese , and 23 Feta cheese samples ; and 15 rice pudding samples were examined for the presence and any countable population of Aeromonas species .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: A hydrophila was recovered in 4 ( 10 . 2% ) and 3 ( 8 . 3% ) of the Anthotyros and Manouri cheese samples analyzed , respectively , but no countable populations were noted in SAA .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Also , the presence of A hydrophila in the whey cheeses Anthotyros and Manouri indicates that postprocessing contaminations of these products with motile Aeromonas may occur during production .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Ecological and geographic characteristics predict nutritional status of communities : rapid assessment for poor villages .
| | Author: Kusumayati A Gross R | | Journal: Citation: V : 13 ( 4 ) P : 408-16 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10346032 Accession (PMID): 10346032 | | Abstract: The quality of poverty alleviation programmes relies heavily on appropriate targeting and priority setting .
Major problems in assessing poverty include identification of the indicators of poverty and the methods used for its assessment .
Nutritional status , expressed by anthropometric indices , has been proposed as a poverty indicator because of its validity , objectivity , reliability and feasibility .
This study was conducted to explore the application of remote sensing to poverty mapping based on nutritional status at the community level .
Relationships between the nutritional status within a community and the ecological characteristics of the community were investigated .
Multiple linear regression tests were executed , and the resultant equations were tested for their validity in predicting communities with poor nutritional status .
Among geographical and ecological indicators used , distance to the nearest market , main soil type , rice field area , and perennial cultivation area were found to be most useful predictors for the ranking of the communities by nutritional status .
Among non-ecological determinants , food consumption , health service status and living conditions were also found as predictors .
The highest correlation was found if total population was also taken into account in the regression model ( R2 = 0 . 69 ; p < 0 . 0001 ) .
In the assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of the eight models studied , undernutrition was defined as a condition where a community belongs in the first quartile for nutritional status ( highest prevalence of undernutrition ) , and the baseline nutritional survey was considered as a standard method for final diagnosis .
Most models which included only ecological factors in the equations had lower sensitivity and specificity than models which included all determinant factors in the equations .
All models which took into account the total population had higher sensitivity and specificity than those that did not take total population into account .
The best model of those that took into account only the geographical and ecological characteristics of the communitys living environment had similar sensitivity and specificity ( 80% and 94 . 1% , respectively ) as the models that considered non-geographical and non-ecological variables in addition to geographical and ecological variables .
In the case of West Sumatra , only four ecological and geographic characteristics were sufficient to predict poverty in village .
Since these characteristics could be surveyed by remote sensing , it may well be possible to use remote sensing for a rapid method for poverty mapping .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nutritional status , expressed by anthropometric indices , has been proposed as a poverty indicator because of its validity , objectivity , reliability and feasibility .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Localization of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in chloroplasts .
| | Author: Sanmiya K Ueno O Matsuoka M Yamamoto N | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 40 ( 3 ) P : 348-54 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10353221 Accession (PMID): 10353221 | | Abstract: The subcellular localization of plant farnesyl diphosphate synthase ( FPPS ) was examined .
Immunocytochemical staining using anti-FPPS1 antibody followed by electron microscopy showed that FPPS1 was localized to chloroplasts of rice mesophyll cells .
Subcellular fractions from wheat leaves were examined by immunoblot analysis .
FPPS was detected in the chloroplast fraction in wheat , and was protected from proteolysis following trypsin treatment of chloroplasts .
FPPS was also detected in the chloroplast fraction of a dicot plant , tobacco | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Immunocytochemical staining using anti-FPPS1 antibody followed by electron microscopy showed that FPPS1 was localized to chloroplasts of rice mesophyll cells .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: The evaluation of antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L in rats .
| | Author: Kim HM Yi DK Shin HY .
| | Journal: Am .
J Chin . Med . Citation: V : 27 ( 1 ) P : 63-71 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10354818 Accession (PMID): 10354818 | | Abstract: This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanol extract of Oryza sativa L ( Dong-Jin in Korean , abbreviate as Os-DJ hereafter ) on anaphylaxis .
Os-DJ ( 10 ( -5 ) to 1 g/kg ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats .
When Os-DJ was pretreated at concentration ranging from 10 ( -5 ) to 1 g/kg , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner .
Os-DJ ( 1 g/kg ) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
Moreover , Os-DJ dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
These results indicate that Os-DJ possess antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Os-DJ ( 1 g/kg ) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , Os-DJ dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that Os-DJ possess antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Four intracellular genomes direct weevil biology : nuclear , mitochondrial , principal endosymbiont , and Wolbachia .
| | Author: Heddi A Grenier AM Khatchadourian C Charles H Nardon P | | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 96 ( 12 ) P : 6814-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10359795 Accession (PMID): 10359795 | | Abstract: Cell physiology in the weevil Sitophilus oryzae is coordinated by three integrated genomes : nuclear , mitochondrial , and the "S oryzae principal endosymbiont" ( SOPE ) .
SOPE , a cytoplasmic bacterium ( 2 x 10 ( 3 ) bacteria per specialized bacteriocyte cell and 3 x 10 ( 6 ) bacteria per weevil ) that belongs to the proteobacteria gamma3-subgroup , is present in all weevils studied .
We discovered a fourth prokaryotic genome in somatic and germ it issues of 57% of weevil strains of three species , S oryzae , Sitophilus zeamais , and Sitophilus granarius , distributed worldwide .
We assigned this Gram-negative prokaryote to the Wolbachia group ( alpha-proteobacteria ) , on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence and fluorescence in situ DNA-RNA hybridization ( FISH ) .
Both bacteria , SOPE and Wolbachia , were selectively eliminated by combined heat and antibiotic treatments .
Study of bacteria involvement in this insects genetics and physiology revealed that SOPE , which induces the specific differentiation of the bacteriocytes , increases mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through the supply of pantothenic acid and riboflavin .
Elimination of this gamma3-proteobacterium impairs many physiological traits .
By contrast , neither the presence nor the absence of Wolbachia significantly affects the weevils physiology .
Wolbachia , disseminated throughout the body cells , is in particularly high density in the germ cells , where it causes nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility .
The coexistence of two distinct types of intracellular proteobacteria at different levels of symbiont integration in insects illustrates the genetic complexity of animal it issue .
Furthermore , evolutionary timing can be inferred : first nucleocytoplasm , then mitochondria , then SOPE , and finally Wolbachia .
Symbiogenesis , the genetic integration of long-term associated members of different species , in the weevil appears to be a mechanism of speciation ( with Wolbachia ) and provides a means for animals to acquire new genes that permit better adaptation to the environment ( with SOPE ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both bacteria , SOPE and Wolbachia , were selectively eliminated by combined heat and antibiotic treatments .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid enhance the Fenton reaction in phosphate buffer .
| | Author: Iwahashi H Kawamori H Fukushima K | | Journal: Chem . Biol . Interact . Citation: V : 118 ( 3 ) P : 201-15 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10362227 Accession (PMID): 10362227 | | Abstract: Quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid enhanced the Fenton reaction in phosphate buffer , respectively .
The enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction may be partly related to their respective actions in the biological systems such as a neurotoxic effect ( quinolinic acid ) , a marked growth-inhibitory action on rice seeding ( alpha-picolinic acid and fusaric acid ) , and an antiseptic ( 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) .
The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the mixture of alpha-picolinic acid with ferrous ion showed a characteristic visible absorbance band with a lambda ( max ) at 443 nm , suggesting that alpha-picolinic acid chelate of Fe2+ ion forms in the solution .
Similar characteristic visible absorbance band was also observed for the mixture of Fe2+ ion with quinolinic acid ( or fusaric acid , or 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) .
The chelation seems to be related to the enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction . alpha-Picolinic acid was reported to be a toxic substance isolated from the culture liquids of blast mould ( Piricularia oryzae CAVARA ) .
On the other hand , it has also been known that chlorogenic acid protects rice plants from the blast disease .
The chlorogenic acid inhibited the formation of the hydroxyl radical in the reaction mixture of alpha-picolinic acid , FeSO4 ( NH4 ) 2SO4 , and H2O2 .
Thus the inhibition may be a possible mechanism of the protective action of the chlorogenic acid against the blast disease .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction may be partly related to their respective actions in the biological systems such as a neurotoxic effect ( quinolinic acid ) , a marked growth-inhibitory action on rice seeding ( alpha-picolinic acid and fusaric acid ) , and an antiseptic ( 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Suppression of the heterotrimeric G protein causes abnormal morphology , including dwarfism , in rice .
| | Author: Fujisawa Y Kato T Ohki S Ishikawa A Kitano H Sasaki T Asahi T Iwasaki Y | | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 96 ( 13 ) P : 7575-80 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10377457 Accession (PMID): 10377457 | | Abstract: Transgenic rice containing an antisense cDNA for the alpha subunit of rice heterotrimeric G protein produced little or no mRNA for the subunit and exhibited abnormal morphology , including dwarf traits and the setting of small seeds .
In normal rice , the mRNA for the alpha subunit was abundant in the internodes and florets , the it issues closely related to abnormality in the dwarf transformants .
The position of the alpha-subunit gene was mapped on rice chromosome 5 by mapping with the restriction fragment length polymorphism .
The position was closely linked to the locus of a rice dwarf mutant , Daikoku dwarf ( d-1 ) , which is known to exhibit abnormal phenotypes similar to those of the transformants that suppressed the endogenous mRNA for the alpha subunit by antisense technology .
Analysis of the cDNAs for the alpha subunits of five alleles of Daikoku dwarf ( d-1 ) , ID-1 , DK22 , DKT-1 , DKT-2 , and CM1361-1 , showed that these dwarf mutants had mutated in the coding region of the alpha-subunit gene .
These results show that the G protein functions in the formation of normal internodes and seeds in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transgenic rice containing an antisense cDNA for the alpha subunit of rice heterotrimeric G protein produced little or no mRNA for the subunit and exhibited abnormal morphology , including dwarf traits and the setting of small seeds .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The position was closely linked to the locus of a rice dwarf mutant , Daikoku dwarf ( d-1 ) , which is known to exhibit abnormal phenotypes similar to those of the transformants that suppressed the endogenous mRNA for the alpha subunit by antisense technology .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
| | Author: Kim HM Kang CS Lee EH Shin TY .
| | Journal: Pharmacol . Res . Citation: V : 40 ( 1 ) P : 31-6 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10378987 Accession (PMID): 10378987 | | Abstract: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis .
OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats .
When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner .
OSHT ( 0 .
001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
The level of cAMP in RPMC , when OSHT was added , significantly increased approx .
20-fold compared with that of basal cells .
These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: 001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: ATS1 and ATS3 : two novel embryo-specific genes in Arabidopsis thaliana .
| | Author: Nuccio ML Thomas TL .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 6 ) P : 1153-63 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10380802 Accession (PMID): 10380802 | | Abstract: A modified protocol for differential display of mRNA was used to identify and clone genes expressed in developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds .
Two novel embryo-specific genes designated ATS1 and ATS3 ( Arabidopsis thaliana seed gene ) were identified .
In situ hybridization showed that , spatially , ATS1 is expressed in a pattern similar to the Arabidopsis GEA1 gene and that ATS3 is expressed in a pattern similar to the Arabidopsis seed storage protein genes .
Southern analysis of Arabidopsis genomic DNA indicated that ATS1 is a member of a small gene family and that ATS3 is present as a single copy in the diploid genome .
Sequence analysis of both genes showed that ATS1 is similar to the rice EFA27 gene and that ATS3 is unique .
Western analysis and light level immunocytochemistry using antisera raised against the putative ATS1 and ATS3 translation products verified that ATS1 and ATS3 proteins are seed-specific and accumulate in a spatial pattern similar to their respective transcripts .
Taken together , these data show that ATS1 and ATS3 are novel embryo-specific genes in Arabidopsis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Western analysis and light level immunocytochemistry using antisera raised against the putative ATS1 and ATS3 translation products verified that ATS1 and ATS3 proteins are seed-specific and accumulate in a spatial pattern similar to their respective transcripts .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Serum immunoglobulin concentrations and autoantibodies in patients with Yusho ] | | Author: Tsuji H Hirahashi T Ogata H Fujishima M | | Journal: Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi Citation: V : 90 ( 5 ) P : 147-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10396868 Accession (PMID): 10396868 | | Abstract: To evaluate chronic immune effects of polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) , serum immunoglobulin concentrations and autoantibodies were studied in 79 patients with Yusho in 1997 .
Serum levels of immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) , immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) and immunoglobulin M ( IgM ) were elevated in 10 cases ( 12 . 7% ) , 19 cases ( 24 . 1% ) and 7 cases ( 8 . 9% ) , respectively .
Autoatibodies were present in some patients of Yusho ; 10 cases ( 12 . 7% ) for rheumatoid factor and 36 cases ( 45 . 6% ) for antinuclear antibody .
LE factor was not detected .
There were no significant correlations between blood PCB concentrations and serum immunoglobulin concentrations , or presence of autoantibodies .
We conclude that antinuclear antibody in patients with Yusho is frequent , although it may not be associated with blood PCB concentration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Autoatibodies were present in some patients of Yusho ; 10 cases ( 12 . 7% ) for rheumatoid factor and 36 cases ( 45 . 6% ) for antinuclear antibody .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: We conclude that antinuclear antibody in patients with Yusho is frequent , although it may not be associated with blood PCB concentration .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Bioactive antinutritional peptides derived from cereal prolamins : a review .
| | Author: Silano M De Vincenzi M | | Journal: Citation: V : 43 ( 3 ) P : 175-84 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10399351 Accession (PMID): 10399351 | | Abstract: Alcohol-soluble endosperm proteins ( prolamins ) from some cereals ( eg wheat , barley , and rye ) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically-active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients , whereas prolamins from other cereals ( eg maize and rice ) do not .
These antinutritional peptides are also able to : ( a ) prevent in vitro recovery of atrophic coeliac mucosa ; ( b ) to inhibit differentiation of isolated rat fetal and chick fetal intestines ; and ( c ) to interact with undifferentiated cells either agglutinating them or affecting their proliferation and metabolism .
Studies performed with A-gliadin , a highly purified bread wheat prolamin fraction , and its fragments obtained either by chemical cleavage of A-gliadin or by synthesis from aminoacids , clearly pointed out to a few small sequences very rich in glutamine and proline residues as the biologically-active agents .
Several protective substances , including mannan and N , N , N"-triacetylchitotriose , have been identified as being able to prevent the effects of these peptides in vitro , but the evidence of their in vivo activity is still missing .
The present paper provides a synthetic overview of the available data concerning this highly complex matter and offers a critical appraisal of present hypotheses on the action mechanism of biologically-active peptides derived from cereal prolamins .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alcohol-soluble endosperm proteins ( prolamins ) from some cereals ( eg wheat , barley , and rye ) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically-active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients , whereas prolamins from other cereals ( eg maize and rice ) do not .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: These antinutritional peptides are also able to : ( a ) prevent in vitro recovery of atrophic coeliac mucosa ; ( b ) to inhibit differentiation of isolated rat fetal and chick fetal intestines ; and ( c ) to interact with undifferentiated cells either agglutinating them or affecting their proliferation and metabolism .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: [ Intestinal schistosomiasis from Schistosoma mansoni in Madagascar : extent and center of the endemic ] | | Author: Ollivier G Brutus L Cot M | | Journal: Citation: V : 92 ( 2 ) P : 99-103 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10399598 Accession (PMID): 10399598 | | Abstract: Schistosoma mansoni and S haematobium affect respectively 2 million and 500 , 000 persons in Madagascar .
Over the past decade , S mansoni has spread in the central Highlands of Madagascar , essentially throughout the mid-west and Antananarivo plain .
To understand this recent change in the epidemiology of S mansoni , we examined the relationship between its spatial distribution and several host factors , including labour migration , urbanization and water development projects .
In the Highlands , the disease in distribution could be superimposed on the potential expansion areas of snail distribution defined in 1958 .
However , the distribution is not homogeneous , as for example the road between Betafo and Mandoto ( South West of Antananarivo ) .
This focal pattern described in other African countries is unique to the central Highlands of Madagascar .
Rice cultivation is the main economic activity and is associated with intense water contact .
The focal distribution may be related to an environmental adaptation of host-parasite interaction depending on behavioural patterns , water and soil chemistry and incompatibility between Biomphalaria pfeifferi and S mansoni .
It is also possible that these focal patterns precede homogeneous endemicity , as along the road Itasy-Tsiroanomandidy ( west Antananarivo ) .
Major water development carried out in this migration area led to a rapid endemization of the disease .
In Befato-Mandoto , where soil management is more restricted , schistosomiasis due to S mansoni seems to have been established in some foci where epidemiologic conditions are favourable ( for example , traditional irrigation canals ) .
In contrast , the spread of S mansoni in the Antananarivo plain closely follows the settlement of an infected rural population .
Epidemiologic surveys conducted on school children in the Antananarivo suburbs , where sanitary conditions are poor , showed a prevalence of 25% .
Human migration linked to development projects and urbanization seems to be the principal factor associated with the spread of schistosomiasis in the mid-west area and Antananarivo plain .
In the Highlands , the preferential exposure of adult labour migrants has contributed to the widening of the endemic area .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Over the past decade , S mansoni has spread in the central Highlands of Madagascar , essentially throughout the mid-west and Antananarivo plain .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the distribution is not homogeneous , as for example the road between Betafo and Mandoto ( South West of Antananarivo ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: It is also possible that these focal patterns precede homogeneous endemicity , as along the road Itasy-Tsiroanomandidy ( west Antananarivo ) .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast , the spread of S mansoni in the Antananarivo plain closely follows the settlement of an infected rural population .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Epidemiologic surveys conducted on school children in the Antananarivo suburbs , where sanitary conditions are poor , showed a prevalence of 25% .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Human migration linked to development projects and urbanization seems to be the principal factor associated with the spread of schistosomiasis in the mid-west area and Antananarivo plain .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The final step of pantothenate biosynthesis in higher plants : cloning and characterization of pantothenate synthetase from Lotus japonicus and Oryza sativum ( rice ) .
| | Author: Genschel U Powell CA Abell C Smith AG .
| | Journal: Biochem .
J Citation: V : 341 ( Pt 3 ) ( ) P : 669-78 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10417331 Accession (PMID): 10417331 | | Abstract: We have isolated a Lotus japonicus cDNA for pantothenate ( vitamin B ( 5 ) ) synthetase ( PS ) by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli panC mutant ( AT1371 ) .
A rice ( Oryza sativum ) expressed sequence tag , identified by sequence similarity to PS , was also able to complement the E coli auxotroph , as was an open reading frame from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( bakers yeast ) .
The Lotus and rice cDNAs encode proteins of approx .
34 kDa , which are 65% similar at the amino acid level and do not appear to encode N-terminal extensions by comparison with PS sequences from other organisms .
Furthermore , analysis of genomic sequence flanking the coding sequence for PS in Lotus suggests the original cDNA is full-length .
The Lotus and rice PSs are therefore likely to be cytosolic .
Southern analysis of Lotus genomic DNA indicates that there is a single gene for PS .
Recombinant PS from Lotus , overexpressed in E coli AT1371 , is a dimer .
The enzyme requires d-pantoate , beta-alanine and ATP for activity and has a higher affinity for pantoate ( K ( m ) 45 microM ) than for beta-alanine ( K ( m ) 990 microM ) .
Uncompetitive substrate inhibition becomes significant at pantoate concentrations above 1 mM .
The enzyme displays optimal activity at about 0 . 5 mM pantoate ( k ( cat ) 0 . 63 s ( -1 ) ) and at pH 7 . 8 .
Neither oxopantoate nor pantoyl-lactone can replace pantoate as substrate .
Antibodies raised against recombinant PS detected a band of 34 kDa in Western blots of Lotus proteins from both roots and leaves .
The implications of these findings for pantothenate biosynthesis in plants are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Antibodies raised against recombinant PS detected a band of 34 kDa in Western blots of Lotus proteins from both roots and leaves .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA encoding a starch synthase from potato ( Solanum tuberosum L ) that is predominantly expressed in leaf it issue .
| | Author: Kossmann J Abel GJ Springer F Lloyd JR Willmitzer L | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 208 ( 4 ) P : 503-11 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10420646 Accession (PMID): 10420646 | | Abstract: Three isoforms of starch synthase ( SS ) were shown to be present in soluble potato tuber extracts by activity staining after native gel electrophoresis .
A cDNA encoding SSI from rice was used as a probe to clone a corresponding cDNA from potato .
The deduced amino acid sequence identified the protein as an SS from potato with an M ( r ) of 70 . 6 kDa for the immature enzyme including its transit peptide .
This novel isoform was designated SSI .
An analysis of the expression pattern of the gene indicated that SSI is predominantly expressed in sink and source leaves , and , to a lower extent in tubers .
In several independent transgenic potato lines , where the expression of SSI was repressed using the antisense approach , the activity of a specific SS isoform was reduced to non-detectable levels as determined through activity staining after native gel electrophoresis .
The reduction in the amount of this isoform of SS did not lead to any detectable changes in starch structure , probably due to the fact that this isoform only represents a minor activity in potato tubers .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In several independent transgenic potato lines , where the expression of SSI was repressed using the antisense approach , the activity of a specific SS isoform was reduced to non-detectable levels as determined through activity staining after native gel electrophoresis .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: An electron-conformational method of identification of pharmacophore and anti-pharmacophore shielding : application to rice blast activity .
| | Author: Bersuker IB Bahceci S Boggs JE Pearlman RS .
| | Journal: J Comput .
Aided Mol . Des . Citation: V : 13 ( 4 ) P : 419-34 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10425606 Accession (PMID): 10425606 | | Abstract: In extension and improvement of previous results , a novel method is worked out for pharmacophore identification and activity prediction in structure-activity relationships .
In this method , as in our previous works , each molecular system ( conformation ) of the training set is described by a matrix with both electron structural parameters ( atomic charges , bond orders , etc ) and interatomic distances as matrix elements .
This description includes a rather full geometry of charge and/or reactivity distribution thus providing a much better representation of the molecular properties in their interaction with the target .
By multiple comparison of these matrices for the active and inactive compounds of the training set , a relatively small number of matrix elements are revealed that are common for all the active compounds and are not present in the same combination in the inactive ones .
In this way a set of electronic and geometry parameters is obtained that characterize the pharmacophore ( Pha ) .
A major improvement of this scheme is reached by introducing the anti-pharmacophore shielding ( APS ) and a proper treatment of the conformational problem .
The APS is defined as molecular groups and competing charges outside the basic skeleton ( the Pha plus the inert neighbor atoms that do not affect the activity ) that hinder the proper docking of the Pha with the bioreceptor thus diminishing ( partially or completely ) the activity .
A simple empirical formula is derived to estimate the relative contribution of APS numerically .
Two main issues are most affected by the APS : ( 1 ) the procedure of Pha identification is essentially simplified because only a small number of molecular systems with the highest activity and simplest structures ( systems without APS ) should be tried for this purpose ; ( 2 ) with the APS known numerically , we can make a quantitative ( or semiquantitative ) prediction of relative activities .
The contributions of different conformations ( of the same molecular system ) that possess the Pha and different APS is taken into account by means of a Boltzmann distribution at given temperatures .
Applied to an example , rice blast activity , this approach proved to be rather robust and efficient .
In validation of the method , the screening of 39 new compounds yields approximately 100% ( within experimental error ) prediction probability of the activity qualitatively ( yes , no ) , and with r2 = 0 . 66 quantitatively . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: A major improvement of this scheme is reached by introducing the anti-pharmacophore shielding ( APS ) and a proper treatment of the conformational problem .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and genetic characterization of a hantavirus ( Bunyaviridae : Hantavirus ) from a rodent , Oligoryzomys microtis ( Muridae ) , collected in northeastern Peru .
| | Author: Powers AM Mercer DR Watts DM Guzman H Fulhorst CF Popov VL Tesh RB .
| | Journal: Am .
J Trop . Med . Hyg . Citation: V : 61 ( 1 ) P : 92-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10432063 Accession (PMID): 10432063 | | Abstract: This paper describes the isolation and partial genetic characterization of a hantavirus from a pygmy rice rat , Oligoryzomys microtis , collected within the urban area of Iquitos , Loreto Department , Peru .
The virus , designated HTN-007 , exhibited the highest degree of genetic similarity to Rio Mamore virus , which was originally described from the same rodent species in eastern Bolivia .
Comparison of small and medium segment nucleotide sequence data from HTN-007 and Rio Mamore virus revealed 87% and 85% sequence identity , respectively .
Based on these analyses , HTN-007 appears to be a variant of Rio Mamore virus .
As such , it represents the first successful isolation of Rio Mamore virus and the first evidence for the existence of a hantavirus in Peru .
Serologic studies done by immunofluorescence on blood samples of 56 O microtis trapped at the collection site indicated that 21 . 4% had antibodies to hantavirus .
In view of the proximity of this rodent species to humans and the close phylogenetic relationship of Rio Mamore virus to hantaviruses that have been associated with human disease , Rio Mamore virus may be a hantavirus of some public health importance in tropical South America .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Serologic studies done by immunofluorescence on blood samples of 56 O microtis trapped at the collection site indicated that 21 . 4% had antibodies to hantavirus .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of a soy milk supplement on plasma cholesterol levels and oxidative DNA damage in men--a pilot study .
| | Author: Mitchell JH Collins AR .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 38 ( 3 ) P : 143-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10443336 Accession (PMID): 10443336 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Phytoestrogens are a major component of Asian diets and may be protective against certain hormone-dependent cancers ( breast and prostate ) and coronary heart disease .
They may also have antioxidant function in scavenging potentially harmful free radicals and thus decreasing oxidative attack on DNA .
AIMS OF THE STUDY : A pilot study to determine the effects of a phytoestrogen supplement , in the form of soy milk , on plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol levels and DNA damage in men .
METHODS : Ten healthy men participated in the study and were assigned to one of three groups consuming 1 litre of either soy milk , rice dream ( vegetable protein control ) or semi-skimmed cows milk ( animal protein control ) each day for 4 weeks .
RESULTS : The soy supplement caused significant increases in plasma genistein and daidzein concentrations despite considerable inter-individual variation ( P < 0 . 001 ) .
Supplementation with soy resulted in a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA bases detected using the comet assay compared with controls ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
However , there was no significant effect of the soy supplement on plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels in comparison with control groups .
CONCLUSIONS : A 4 week soy milk supplementation in healthy volunteers does not alter serum cholesterol levels but can have a protective effect against oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: They may also have antioxidant function in scavenging potentially harmful free radicals and thus decreasing oxidative attack on DNA .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance analyses demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody JIM19 interacts with a rice cell surface component involved in abscisic acid signalling in protoplasts .
| | Author: Desikan R Hagenbeek D Neill SJ Rock CD .
| | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 456 ( 2 ) P : 257-62 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10456320 Accession (PMID): 10456320 | | Abstract: Abscisic acid ( ABA ) is a plant hormone involved in many developmental and physiological processes , but as yet , no ABA receptor has been identified .
Flow cytometry of rice protoplasts and immunoblotting of purified plasma membranes ( PMs ) have been used to demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody JIM19 recognizes carbohydrate epitopes of cell surface glycoproteins .
Using surface plasmon resonance technology specific binding of PMs to JIM19 was observed .
Such interaction was antagonized significantly by ABA , but not by the biologically inactive ABA catabolite phaseic acid .
These in vitro interactions were correlated with the biological activities of JIM19 , ABA and phaseic acid on activation of the ABA-inducible Em promoter using two different transient reporter gene assays , beta-glucuronidase/luciferase and quantitative flow cytometry of Aequoria green fluorescent protein .
Pre-treatment with JIM19 resulted in significant inhibition of ABA-inducible gene expression .
Taken together , these data suggest that JIM19 interacts with a functional PM complex involved in ABA signalling . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Flow cytometry of rice protoplasts and immunoblotting of purified plasma membranes ( PMs ) have been used to demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody JIM19 recognizes carbohydrate epitopes of cell surface glycoproteins .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Such interaction was antagonized significantly by ABA , but not by the biologically inactive ABA catabolite phaseic acid .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Development of biopharmaceuticals in plant expression systems : cloning , expression and immunological reactivity of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B ( UL55 ) in seeds of transgenic tobacco | | Author: Tackaberry ES Dudani AK Prior F Tocchi M Sardana R Altosaar I Ganz PR .
| | Journal: Vaccine Citation: V : 17 ( 23-24 ) P : 3020-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10462237 Accession (PMID): 10462237 | | Abstract: Plant seeds offer unique opportunities for the production and delivery of oral subunit vaccines .
We have used the immunodominant glycoprotein B complex of human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) , introduced into tobacco plants , as a model system for studying the merit of this promising approach .
Given the advantages of expressing proteins in seeds , a novel expression vector was developed incorporating regulatory sequences of glutelin , the major rice seed storage protein , to direct synthesis of recombinant glycoprotein B Analysis of genomic DNA of 28 selected tobacco transformants by PCR amplification showed that 71% harboured the gB cDNA , a finding further documented by Southern blotting .
Specific immunoassays of protein extracts from seeds of positive plants showed that all were producing antigenic glycoprotein B at levels ranging from 70-146 ng/mg extracted protein .
In addition , similarity with native glycoprotein B produced in HCMV-infected cells was also demonstrated by inhibition of immunofluorescence on HCMV-infected human fibroblasts .
These data are the first to report the expression of an immunodominant antigen of HCMV in plant it issues , indicating the fidelity with which this very large heterologous viral glycoprotein can be synthesized in this model system .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Specific immunoassays of protein extracts from seeds of positive plants showed that all were producing antigenic glycoprotein B at levels ranging from 70-146 ng/mg extracted protein .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These data are the first to report the expression of an immunodominant antigen of HCMV in plant it issues , indicating the fidelity with which this very large heterologous viral glycoprotein can be synthesized in this model system .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular characterization of ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase in rice leaves .
| | Author: To KY Suen DF Chen SC .
| | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 209 ( 1 ) P : 66-76 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10467032 Accession (PMID): 10467032 | | Abstract: A full-length cDNA ( designated rcaII ) encoding the Rubisco activase ( RCA ) of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) has been cloned from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA from green leaves .
Sequence analysis resulted in a reading frame of 432 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 47 . 9 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 5 . 97 .
The deduced amino acid sequence showed 74-89% identity with other Rubisco activases from higher plants .
Two highly conserved motifs were identified .
Southern blot analysis suggested the presence of a single rca gene in the rice genome .
The accumulation of leaf rca mRNA was found to be regulated by an oscillating circadian rhythm , in rice plants grown in a light-dark photoperiod .
To purify the rice RCA protein , total soluble protein from rice green leaves was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation , followed by preparative gel electrophoresis .
Two polypeptides , designated RCAI and RCAII , were isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and further confirmed by N-terminal sequencing .
The polyclonal antibodies prepared against rice RCAI and RCAII were found to cross-react with two RCA polypeptides present in leaf extracts of spinach and tobacco Furthermore , two different 3 ends of rca mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis .
These cDNA fragments and the related genomic DNA fragment were cloned and sequenced .
The sequence of rcaI is almost identical to the corresponding sequence of rcaII , except for its having 33 additional amino acids at the C-terminal portion .
It can be concluded that a novel alternative splicing mechanism for a common rca mRNA precursor near the 3 end exists in rice plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polyclonal antibodies prepared against rice RCAI and RCAII were found to cross-react with two RCA polypeptides present in leaf extracts of spinach and tobacco Furthermore , two different 3 ends of rca mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Fluorescent antibiotic resistance marker for tracking plastid transformation in higher plants .
| | Author: Khan MS Maliga P | | Journal: Nat . Biotechnol . Citation: V : 17 ( 9 ) P : 910-5 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10471936 Accession (PMID): 10471936 | | Abstract: Plastid transformation in higher plants is accomplished through a gradual process , during which all the 300-10 , 000 plastid genome copies are uniformly altered .
Antibiotic resistance genes incorporated in the plastid genome facilitate maintenance of transplastomes during this process .
Given the high number of plastid genome copies in a cell , transformation unavoidably yields chimeric it issues , which requires the identification of transplastomic cells in order to regenerate plants .
In the chimeric it issue , however , antibiotic resistance is not cell autonomous : transplastomic and wild-type sectors both have a resistant phenotype because of phenotypic masking by the transgenic cells .
We report a system of marker genes for plastid transformation , termed FLARE-S , which is obtained by translationally fusing aminoglycoside 3"-adenyltransferase with the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein .
3"-adenyltransferase ( FLARE-S ) confers resistance to both spectinomycin and streptomycin .
The utility of FLARE-S is shown by tracking segregation of individual transformed and wild-type plastids in tobacco and rice plants after bombardment with FLARE-S vector DNA and selection for spectinomycin and streptomycin resistance , respectively .
This method facilitates the extension of plastid transformation to nongreen plastids in embryogenic cells of cereal crops . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Antibiotic resistance genes incorporated in the plastid genome facilitate maintenance of transplastomes during this process .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the chimeric it issue , however , antibiotic resistance is not cell autonomous : transplastomic and wild-type sectors both have a resistant phenotype because of phenotypic masking by the transgenic cells .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: The antihyperglycaemic blend effect of traditional chinese medicine byakko-ka-ninjin-to on alloxan and diabetic KK-CA ( y ) mice .
| | Author: Kimura I Nakashima N Sugihara Y Fu-jun C Kimura M | | Journal: Citation: V : 13 ( 6 ) P : 484-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10479758 Accession (PMID): 10479758 | | Abstract: The antihyperglycaemic interaction ( blend effect ) of component crude drugs included in a traditional Chinese prescription , Byakko-ka-ninjin-to ( BN ; consisted of five crude drugs , ginseng , anemarrhena , -licorice , gypsum and rice ) was investigated using genetically obese diabetic KK-CA ( y ) mice and alloxan-diabetic mice .
The water extract of ginseng , anemarrhena , licorice and gypsum when individually tested markedly lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic animals .
Antihyperglycaemic effects of ginseng-anemarrhena and ginseng-licorice combinations were decreased compared with the respective individual-effects .
Such decreased effects were partially reversed by adding gypsum or by substituting CaCl ( 2 ) for gypsum .
The combination of D-O-ANa and glycyrrhizin , respectively the main constituents from ginseng and licorice , also demonstrated a decreased effect compared with the respective individual effects .
The CaCl ( 2 ) at 0 . 5 mg/kg ( i . p . ) was sufficient to partially reverse these effects .
These results indicate that antihyperglycaemic effects of BN depend on four crude drugs and Ca ( 2+ ) in the blend .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The antihyperglycaemic interaction ( blend effect ) of component crude drugs included in a traditional Chinese prescription , Byakko-ka-ninjin-to ( BN ; consisted of five crude drugs , ginseng , anemarrhena , -licorice , gypsum and rice ) was investigated using genetically obese diabetic KK-CA ( y ) mice and alloxan-diabetic mice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Antihyperglycaemic effects of ginseng-anemarrhena and ginseng-licorice combinations were decreased compared with the respective individual-effects .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that antihyperglycaemic effects of BN depend on four crude drugs and Ca ( 2+ ) in the blend .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 cytoplasmic nonstructural protein .
| | Author: Suzuki N Hosokawa D Matsuura Y Kikuchi A Omura T | | Journal: Arch . Virol . Citation: V : 144 ( 7 ) P : 1371-80 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10481743 Accession (PMID): 10481743 | | Abstract: In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation and intracellular location of rice dwarf phytoreovirus Pns12 , which is encoded by one of the twelve dsRNA genome segments , S12 , and comprises 312 amino acids , was investigated .
When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody .
Recombinant Pns12 was purified from Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with AcRS12 , a baculovirus recombinant carrying a full-length cDNA of RDV S12 .
Purified Pns12 was also demonstrated to be phosphorylated in vitro by a kinase activity present in host ( rice , barley , wheat , leafhopper ) cells and non-host ( tobacco , spinach , white clover , S frugiperda , mosquito , mammals ) cells as well .
Immunocytochemical studies showed Pns12 accumulated in the cytoplasm of infected cells , and frequently localized in a slightly electron-dense patch .
These results demonstrated that RDV Pns12 was a cytoplasmic nonstructural phosphoprotein . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: When [ 32P ] phosphoric acid was incorporated into RDV-infected leafhopper cultured cells , labelled Pns12 was immunoprecipitated from the cells by a monospecific anti-Pns12 polyclonal antibody .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Antimicrobial activity of Monascus pilosus IFO 4520 against contaminant of Koji .
| | Author: Kono I Himeno K | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 63 ( 8 ) P : 1494-6 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10501009 Accession (PMID): 10501009 | | Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of Monascus pilosus IFO 4520 was examined to prevent contamination during beni-koji making in the open air .
The antibacterial effect of the beni-koji prepared with this strain occured with 30 mg/ml of beni-koji extract in combination with 0 . 5% lactic acid against two contaminants of koji , Micrococcus varians and Bacillus subtilis .
There were two compounds , antibacterial and antiyeast substances , in the beni-koji extract .
These results suggest a possibility of inhibiting the growths of contaminants during beni-koji making using beni-koji extract and lactic acid . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: There were two compounds , antibacterial and antiyeast substances , in the beni-koji extract .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Antimicrobial activity of Monascus pilosus IFO 4520 was examined to prevent contamination during beni-koji making in the open air .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The antibacterial effect of the beni-koji prepared with this strain occured with 30 mg/ml of beni-koji extract in combination with 0 . 5% lactic acid against two contaminants of koji , Micrococcus varians and Bacillus subtilis .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification and possible roles of three types of endopeptidase from germinated wheat seeds .
| | Author: Sutoh K Kato H Minamikawa T | | Journal: J Biochem .
Citation: V : 126 ( 4 ) P : 700-7 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10502678 Accession (PMID): 10502678 | | Abstract: Little or no endopeptidase activity was detected in extracts of dry mature wheat seeds , but when they were allowed to imbibe water in darkness , the activity expressed per seedling increased notably after d 1 , reached a maximum on d 3 and then decreased .
Two major endopeptidases , named WEP-1 and WEP-2 , were present in the 50-70% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of d-3 seedlings , and could be separated by hydrophobic column chromatography .
WEP-1 was further purified and identified as a 31-kDa polypeptide that was immunoreactive to antiserum raised against REP-1 , a major rice cysteine endopeptidase .
Experiments with proteinase inhibitors revealed that WEP-1 and WEP-2 are cysteine and serine endopeptidases , respectively .
The two enzymes differed in substrate specificity , pH dependence , and the ability to digest major wheat seed proteins .
Determination of its amino-terminal amino acid sequence indicated the similarity of WEP-1 to other cereal cysteine endopeptidases which are involved in the digestion of seed storage proteins .
The expression of WEP-1 in de-embryonated seeds was induced in the presence of gibberellic acid and its effect was eliminated by abscisic acid .
In addition to WEP-1 and WEP-2 , a legumain-like asparaginyl endopeptidase was identified in the extract of seedlings on hydrophobic chromatography .
The asparaginyl endopeptidase may function in the early step of mobilization of wheat storage proteins in germinated seeds .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: WEP-1 was further purified and identified as a 31-kDa polypeptide that was immunoreactive to antiserum raised against REP-1 , a major rice cysteine endopeptidase .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A market basket survey of inorganic arsenic in food .
| | Author: Schoof RA Yost LJ Eickhoff J Crecelius EA Cragin DW Meacher DM Menzel DB .
| | Journal: Food Chem . Toxicol . Citation: V : 37 ( 8 ) P : 839-46 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10506007 Accession (PMID): 10506007 | | Abstract: Dietary arsenic intake estimates based on surveys of total arsenic concentrations appear to be dominated by intake of the relatively non-toxic , organic arsenic forms found in seafood .
Concentrations of inorganic arsenic in food have not been not well characterized .
Accurate dietary intake estimates for inorganic arsenic are needed to support studies of arsenics status as an essential nutrient , and to establish background levels of exposure to inorganic arsenic .
In the market basket survey reported here , 40 commodities anticipated to provide at least 90% of dietary inorganic arsenic intake were identified .
Four samples of each commodity were collected .
Total arsenic was analysed using an NaOH digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry .
Separate aliquots were analysed for arsenic species using an HCl digestion and hydride atomic absorption spectroscopy .
Consistent with earlier studies , total arsenic concentrations ( all concentrations reported as elemental arsenic per it issue wet weight ) were highest in the seafoods sampled ( ranging from 160 ng/g in freshwater fish to 2360 ng/g in saltwater fish ) .
In contrast , average inorganic arsenic in seafood ranged from less than 1 ng/g to 2 ng/g .
The highest inorganic arsenic values were found in raw rice ( 74 ng/g ) , followed by flour ( 11 ng/g ) , grape juice ( 9 ng/g ) and cooked spinach ( 6 ng/g ) .
Thus , grains and produce are expected to be significant contributors to dietary inorganic arsenic intake . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the market basket survey reported here , 40 commodities anticipated to provide at least 90% of dietary inorganic arsenic intake were identified .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Measurement of gastric emptying by standardized real-time ultrasonography in healthy subjects and diabetic patients .
| | Author: Darwiche G Almr LO Bjrgell O Cederholm C Nilsson P | | Journal: Citation: V : 18 ( 10 ) P : 673-82 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10511299 Accession (PMID): 10511299 | | Abstract: The aim of this study was to simplify and standardize a reproducible , well-tolerated and clinically applicable method for the assessment of gastric emptying rate by real-time ultrasonography .
A total of 33 subjects were examined , including 19 healthy subjects and 14 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and clinically suspected delayed gastric emptying .
Measurements of the gastric antrum were taken in the supine position and in relation to internal landmarks to obtain a standardized cross-sectional image producing the area of a selected slice of the antrum .
Diabetic patients were examined on the condition that the fasting blood glucose level was 3 . 5 to 9 . 0 mmol/l .
Gastric emptying rate was estimated and expressed as the percentage reduction in antral cross-sectional area from 15 to 90 min after the ingestion of a standardized semisolid breakfast meal ( 300 g rice pudding , 330 kcal ) .
Interobserver and intraobserver measurement errors were assessed , as was the significance of age and sex on gastric emptying .
In comparison to healthy subjects , diabetic patients showed significantly wider median values of the 90 min postprandial antral area , but only a mild tendency toward greater dilation of the gastric antrum prior to and 15 min after meal ingestion .
The median value of gastric emptying rate in these diabetic patients was estimated at 29% , which was less than half of that in the healthy subjects ( 63% ) .
Statistically the difference was highly significant .
Interpersonal variability of gastric emptying rate and antral areas was large for both groups .
Measurements of gastric emptying rate gave highly reproducible results on separate days and from different observers ( interobserver systematic measurement error 0 . 3% and random measurement error 10 . 9% ; intraobserver systematic measurement error 3 . 6% and random measurement error 9 . 5% ) .
No difference in gastric emptying rate was found related to age or sex We conclude that the use of standardized real-time ultrasonography to determine gastric antral cross-sectional area in a single section of the stomach is a valid method for estimating gastric emptying rate .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Measurements of the gastric antrum were taken in the supine position and in relation to internal landmarks to obtain a standardized cross-sectional image producing the area of a selected slice of the antrum .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: In comparison to healthy subjects , diabetic patients showed significantly wider median values of the 90 min postprandial antral area , but only a mild tendency toward greater dilation of the gastric antrum prior to and 15 min after meal ingestion .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gastric emptying rate was estimated and expressed as the percentage reduction in antral cross-sectional area from 15 to 90 min after the ingestion of a standardized semisolid breakfast meal ( 300 g rice pudding , 330 kcal ) .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Interpersonal variability of gastric emptying rate and antral areas was large for both groups .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: No difference in gastric emptying rate was found related to age or sex We conclude that the use of standardized real-time ultrasonography to determine gastric antral cross-sectional area in a single section of the stomach is a valid method for estimating gastric emptying rate .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
