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| Title: Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among Chinese rice-granary workers .
| | Author: Ye TT Huang JX Shen YE Lu PL Christiani DC .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 4 ( 3 ) P : 155-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10026476 Accession (PMID): 10026476 | | Abstract: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 474 rice-granary workers and 235 non-granary worker controls in a rural area near Shanghai , the Peoples Republic of China .
Responses to a respiratory-symptom questionnaire and pre and post-shift spirometry were obtained for all subjects .
Area sampling was performed for total and vertically elutriated ( suggest that exposure to rice dust can induce pulmonary responses similar to those observed with exposures to other types of grains . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results suggest that exposure to rice dust can induce pulmonary responses similar to those observed with exposures to other types of grains .
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| Title: Evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass shown by reverse transcriptase domain analysis .
| | Author: Matsuoka Y Tsunewaki K | | Journal: Mol . Biol . Evol Citation: V : 16 ( 2 ) P : 208-17 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028288 Accession (PMID): 10028288 | | Abstract: The evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass were examined by reverse transcriptase ( RT ) domain analysis .
Twenty-three rice RT sequences were newly determined for this report .
Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 .
Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species , indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species .
Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution .
Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species .
Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family , indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family , indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains .
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| Title: Gene cloning and expression of cytosolic glutathione reductase in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Kaminaka H Morita S Nakajima M Masumura T Tanaka K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 39 ( 12 ) P : 1269-80 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10050312 Accession (PMID): 10050312 | | Abstract: We have isolated a cDNA ( RGRC2 ) encoding glutathione reductase ( GR ) from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
The comparison of deduced amino acid sequences from RGRC2 and other plant GR cDNAs indicated that RGRC2 encodes a putative cytosolic isoform .
The recombinant RGRC2 protein had enzymatic properties comparable to those of GR from rice embryo .
Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol . mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf it issues .
Southern blot analysis showed that the RGRC2 gene exists as a single copy gene .
Here , we have also isolated a genomic clone completely corresponding to RGRC2 .
The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7 . 4 kb of chromosomal DNA , with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon .
From the presence of two ABA-responsive elements in the 5-flanking region of RGRC2 , we examined the expression in rice seedlings treated with ABA and the ABA-related environmental stresses , chilling , drought and salinity .
The expression of RGRC2 was strongly induced by all these treatments .
We suggest that the expression of the rice cytosolic GR gene is regulated via ABA-mediated signal transduction pathway under environmental stresses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: We suggest that the expression of the rice cytosolic GR gene is regulated via ABA-mediated signal transduction pathway under environmental stresses .
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| Title: A "defeated" rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| | Author: Li ZK Luo LJ Mei HW Paterson AH Zhao XH Zhong DB Wang YP Yu XQ Zhu L Tabien R Stansel JW Ying CS .
| | Journal: Mol . Gen . Genet . Citation: V : 261 ( 1 ) P : 58-63 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10071210 Accession (PMID): 10071210 | | Abstract: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers .
We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs .
The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 .
The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) .
Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 .
The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness .
The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs .
Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross .
Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains .
Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
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| Title: Digestibility index and factors affecting rate of starch digestion in vitro in conventional food preparation .
| | Author: Urooj A Puttraj S | | Journal: Citation: V : 43 ( 1 ) P : 42-7 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10079465 Accession (PMID): 10079465 | | Abstract: The rate of starch hydrolysis in ten cereal-based food preparations was studied using an in vitro dialysis system .
The foods were incubated with human saliva and porcine pancreatin .
The sugars released after 3 h digestion were expressed as digestibility index ( DI ) , the percentage starch digested was determined and correlated with the degree of gelatinization ( DG ) .
Granule morphology was also investigated and related with starch availability for hydrolysis .
Significant differences were observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the 10 foods ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes .
DI was inversely related to the protein ( r = -0 . 79 , P < 0 . 01 ) , fat ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 05 ) and energy ( r = -0 . 61 , P < 0 . 01 ) .
Percent starch digested was inversely related to the insoluble ( r = -0 . 49 , P < 0 . 05 ) and total dietary fiber ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 01 ) content of the foods .
The SEM results provided a better understanding of granular morphology on cooking and the effect of protein on limiting DG .
The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sugars released after 3 h digestion were expressed as digestibility index ( DI ) , the percentage starch digested was determined and correlated with the degree of gelatinization ( DG ) .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics .
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| Title: Characterization of the KNOX class homeobox genes Oskn2 and Oskn3 identified in a collection of cDNA libraries covering the early stages of rice embryogenesis .
| | Author: Postma-Haarsma AD Verwoert II Stronk OP Koster J Lamers GE Hoge JH Meijer AH .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 2 ) P : 257-71 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080693 Accession (PMID): 10080693 | | Abstract: For identification of genes involved in embryogenesis in the model cereal rice , we have constructed a collection of cDNA libraries of well-defined stages of embryo development before , during and after organ differentiation .
Here , we focus on the possible role of KNOX ( maize Knotted1-like ) class homeobox genes in regulation of rice embryogenesis .
Three types of KNOX clones were identified in libraries of early zygotic embryos .
Two of these , Oskn2 and Oskn3 , encode newly described KNOX genes , whereas the third ( Oskn1 ) corresponds to the previously described OSH1 gene .
In situ hybridizations showed that during the early stages of embryo development , all three KNOX genes are expressed in the region where the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is organizing , suggesting that these genes are involved in regulating SAM formation .
Whereas OSH1 was previously proposed to function also in SAM maintenance , Oskn3 may be involved in patterning organ positions , as its expression was found to mark the boundaries of different embryonic organs following SAM formation .
The expression pattern of Oskn2 suggested an additional role in scutellum and epiblast development .
Transgenic expression of Oskn2 and Oskn3 in tobacco further supported their involvement in cell fate determination , like previously reported for Knotted1 and OSH1 ectopic expression .
Whereas Oskn3 transformants showed the most pronounced phenotypic effects during vegetative development , Oskn2 transformants showed relatively mild alterations in the vegetative phase but a more severely affected flower morphology .
The observation that the KNOX genes produce similar though distinct phenotypic reponses in tobacco , indicates that their gene products act on overlapping but different sets of target genes , or that cell-type specific factors determine their precise action . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In situ hybridizations showed that during the early stages of embryo development , all three KNOX genes are expressed in the region where the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is organizing , suggesting that these genes are involved in regulating SAM formation .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The expression pattern of Oskn2 suggested an additional role in scutellum and epiblast development .
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| Title: Molecular characterization of catalytic-subunit cDNA sequences encoding protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and study of their roles in the gibberellin-dependent Osamy-c expression in rice .
| | Author: Chang M Wang B Chen X Wu R | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 1 ) P : 105-15 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080713 Accession (PMID): 10080713 | | Abstract: To understand the molecular mechanism of gibberellin-dependent gene regulation , the effect of three phosphatase inhibitors on the germination of rice seeds and the expression of a target gene , the alpha-amylase gene , Osamy-c , were measured .
We found that okadaic acid , microcystin-LR , and calyculin A , which are known to specifically inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases 1 and 2A , strongly inhibit the expression of the Osamy-c and may be involved in the germination of rice seeds .
The protein phosphatase enzyme activity assays showed that there is no obvious effect of GA3 on total PP1/PP2A activities .
To further understand the possible role of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in the GA-dependent expression of Osamy-c , we isolated cDNA clones encoding protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A from a rice aleurone cDNA library .
These were designated OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac , respectively .
Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac with the catalytic subunits of PP1 or PP2A of rabbit skeletal muscle , Arabidopsis thaliana , maize and Brassica napus showed that the catalytic subunit sequences of PP1 or PP2A among these organisms are highly conserved ( 73% to 90% similarity ) .
Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that there are only one or two copies of OsPP1c genes and more than two copies of OsPP2Ac genes in the rice genome .
Northern blot analysis showed that OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac genes are expressed in several organs of rice , including seed , shoot and root .
We also showed by using 3 gene-specific probes of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac cDNA , that the expression of neither gene is regulated by GA .
Taken together , our results suggest that protein phosphatases PP1 or PP2A are involved in the GA-dependent expression of the rice Osamy-c gene , though the PP1 or/and PP2A enzymatic activities as well as mRNA levels do not increase upon GA3 treatment . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Taken together , our results suggest that protein phosphatases PP1 or PP2A are involved in the GA-dependent expression of the rice Osamy-c gene , though the PP1 or/and PP2A enzymatic activities as well as mRNA levels do not increase upon GA3 treatment .
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| Title: Molecular characterization of a gene for alanine aminotransferase from rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
| | Author: Kikuchi H Hirose S Toki S Akama K Takaiwa F | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 1 ) P : 149-59 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080717 Accession (PMID): 10080717 | | Abstract: A cDNA clone encoding alanine aminotransferase ( AlaAT ) has isolated from randomly sequenced clones derived from a cDNA library of maturing rice seeds by comparison to previously identified genes .
The deduced amino acid sequence was 88% and 91% homologous to those of the enzymes from barley and broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum ) , respectively .
Using this cDNA as a probe , we isolated and sequenced the corresponding genomic clone .
Comparison of the sequences of the cDNA and the genomic gene revealed that the coding region of the gene was interrupted by 14 introns 66 to 1547 bp long .
Northern and western blotting analyses showed that the gene was expressed at high levels in developing seeds .
When the 5-flanking region between -930 and +85 from the site of initiation of transcription was fused to a reporter gene for beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) and then introduced into the rice genome , histochemical staining revealed strong GUS activity in the inner endosperm it issue of developing seeds and weak activity in root tips .
Similar it issue-specific expression was also detected by in situ hybridization .
These results suggest that AlaAT is involved in nitrogen metabolism during the maturation of rice seed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that AlaAT is involved in nitrogen metabolism during the maturation of rice seed .
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| Title: Modified starch enhances absorption and accelerates recovery in experimental diarrhea in rats .
| | Author: Wingertzahn MA Teichberg S Wapnir RA .
| | Journal: Pediatr . Res . Citation: V : 45 ( 3 ) P : 397-402 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10088661 Accession (PMID): 10088661 | | Abstract: Rice gruels have been used as home remedies to treat dehydration associated with diarrheal illness in developing countries .
These preparations have produced conflicting results , most likely due to the heterogeneity of starch used .
We investigated whether the modified tapioca starch , Textra ( TX ) , at 5 . 0 or 10 . 0 g/L added to a 90 mmol/L Na+-111 mmol glucose oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) enhanced water and electrolyte absorption in two models of diarrhea .
To induce a secretory state ( model A ) , the jejunum of juvenile rats was perfused with 10 mmol/L theophylline ( THEO ) under anesthesia and then perfused with the solutions indicated above .
To produce chronic osmotic-secretory diarrhea ( model B ) , rats had a magnesium citrate-phenolphthalein solution as the sole fluid source for 1 wk , and then were perfused as the THEO-treated rats .
Water , electrolyte , and glucose absorption were measured during both perfusions .
As an extension of the perfusion studies , we compared how fast rats recovered from chronic osmotic diarrhea by offering them either water , ORS , or ORS containing 5 . 0 g/L TX along with solid food .
Recovery rate markers were measured after 24 h and included weight gain , food and fluid intake , and stool output .
In model A , addition of 5 . 0 g/L TX to ORS reversed Na+ secretion and improved net water as well as K+ and glucose absorption , compared with THEO-treated rats perfused with ORS without TX .
In model B , addition of TX to ORS increased water , Na+ , K+ , and glucose absorption , compared with rats perfused without TX .
Increasing TX from 5 . 0 to 10 . 0 g/L had no additional benefit .
In recovery experiments , animals with free access to ORS with TX had significantly greater weight gain and decreased stool output compared with animals recovering with water or ORS without TX .
Our experiments suggest that TX may be a useful additive to standard ORS to promote fluid and electrolyte absorption and may provide additional energy without increasing ORS osmotic load .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our experiments suggest that TX may be a useful additive to standard ORS to promote fluid and electrolyte absorption and may provide additional energy without increasing ORS osmotic load .
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| Title: New lead compounds for brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitors .
| | Author: Min YK Asami T Fujioka S Murofushi N Yamaguchi I Yoshida S | | Journal: Bioorg . Med . Chem . Lett . Citation: V : 9 ( 3 ) P : 425-30 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10091696 Accession (PMID): 10091696 | | Abstract: The first brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor is reported .
Among newly synthesized triazole derivatives , 4- ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -2-phenyl-3- ( 1 , 2 , 4-triazoyl ) butan-2-ol ( 6 ) was found to inhibit the growth of cress seedlings , and this inhibition was recovered by the treatment of brassinolide , suggesting that compound 6 primarily inhibits brassinosteroid biosynthesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among newly synthesized triazole derivatives , 4- ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -2-phenyl-3- ( 1 , 2 , 4-triazoyl ) butan-2-ol ( 6 ) was found to inhibit the growth of cress seedlings , and this inhibition was recovered by the treatment of brassinolide , suggesting that compound 6 primarily inhibits brassinosteroid biosynthesis .
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| Title: Solution structure of a lipid transfer protein extracted from rice seeds .
Comparison with homologous proteins .
| | Author: Poznanski J Sodano P Suh SW Lee JY Ptak M Vovelle F | | Journal: Eur .
J Biochem .
Citation: V : 259 ( 3 ) P : 692-708 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10092854 Accession (PMID): 10092854 | | Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy was used to determine the three dimensional structure of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein ( ns-LTP ) , a 91 amino acid residue protein belonging to the broad family of plant ns-LTP .
Sequence specific assignment was obtained for all but three HN backbone 1H resonances and for more than 95% of the 1H side-chain resonances using a combination of 1H 2D NOESY ; TOCSY and COSY experiments at 293 K The structure was calculated on the basis of four disulfide bridge restraints , 1259 distance constraints derived from 1H-1H Overhauser effects , 72 phi angle restraints and 32 hydrogen-bond restraints .
The final solution structure involves four helices ( H1 : Cys3-Arg18 , H2 : Ala25-Ala37 , H3 : Thr41-Ala54 and H4 : Ala66-Cys73 ) followed by a long C-terminal tail ( T ) with no observable regular structure .
N-capping residues ( Thr2 , Ser24 , Thr40 ) , whose side-chain oxygen atoms are involved in hydrogen bonds with i + 3 amide proton additionally stabilize the N termini of the first three helices .
The fourth helix involving Pro residues display a mixture of alpha and 3 ( 10 ) conformation .
The rms deviation of 14 final structures with respect to the average structure is 1 . 14 +/- 0 . 16 A for all heavy atoms ( C , N , O and S ) and 0 . 72 +/- 0 . 01 A for the backbone atoms .
The global fold of rice ns-LTP is close to the previously published structures of wheat , barley and maize ns-LTPs exhibiting nearly identical pattern of the numerous sequence specific interactions .
As reported previously for different four-helix topology proteins , hydrophobic , hydrogen bonding and electrostatic mechanisms of fold stabilization were found for the rice ns-LTP .
The sequential alignment of 36 ns-LTP primary structures strongly suggests that there is a uniform pattern of specific long-range interactions ( in terms of sequence ) , which stabilize the fold of all plant ns-LTPs . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sequential alignment of 36 ns-LTP primary structures strongly suggests that there is a uniform pattern of specific long-range interactions ( in terms of sequence ) , which stabilize the fold of all plant ns-LTPs .
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| Title: Four rice genes encoding cysteine synthase : isolation and differential responses to sulfur , nitrogen and light .
| | Author: Nakamura T Yamaguchi Y Sano H | | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 229 ( 1-2 ) P : 155-61 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10095115 Accession (PMID): 10095115 | | Abstract: Four cDNA clones , rcs1 , rcs2 , rcs3 and rcs4 , encoding cysteine synthase [ O-acetylserine ( thiol ) lyase ] were isolated from rice .
The predicted amino acid sequences contain the conserved PXXSVKDR region characteristic of cysteine synthase , which includes the lysine residue that binds the cofactor , pyridoxal 5-phosphate .
Molecular phylogenic analysis suggests that , whereas rcs1 and rcs3 belong to the cytosolic isoform family , rcs2 and rcs4 form a new family of cysteine synthase .
Transcript accumulation of each gene was examined for organ specificity , and also for response to sulfur , nitrogen and light .
The rcs1 transcript accumulated in all organs examined , and was induced in shoots and roots upon sulfur starvation under non-limiting nitrogen conditions .
The rcs2 transcript accumulated in shoots grown in the light , but disappeared almost completely by dark treatment .
The rcs3 transcript was found more abundantly in roots than in shoots , and was reduced in the dark , as well as under sulfur and nitrogen deprivation .
The rcs4 transcript was scarce in all organs examined .
These observations indicate that cysteine synthase genes encode functionally distinct cysteine synthase isoforms , and that they are coordinately regulated by the availability of sulfur , nitrogen , and light . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Molecular phylogenic analysis suggests that , whereas rcs1 and rcs3 belong to the cytosolic isoform family , rcs2 and rcs4 form a new family of cysteine synthase .
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| Title: Silencing of an aleurone-specific gene in transgenic rice is caused by a rearranged transgene .
| | Author: Morino K Olsen OA Shimamoto K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 17 ( 3 ) P : 275-85 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10097385 Accession (PMID): 10097385 | | Abstract: In rice , silencing of the aleurone-specific Ltp2-gus transgene , causing easily detectable staining patterns on the grain surface , offers a convenient tool to study quantitative aspects of gene silencing in monocots .
In this paper we analyzed phenotypes , occurrence , inheritance and environmental effects on the silencing .
We also report on the cloning of transgenes , determination of their structure and analysis of transcripts from the transgene loci .
The results show that various patterns of silencing appeared in the R2 generation at which most of the transgenes became homozygous and that they were inherited for five generations .
In addition , silencing independently occurred in three generations and reversion to full expression was also found .
Cloning of transgenes from a silenced L3 . 3 line demonstrated that this line carried two transgene loci : one carried an intact Ltp2-gus gene and the other carried a rearranged transgene in which part of the gus gene was in the antisense orientation .
Analysis of gus transcripts indicated that partial antisense RNA derived from the rearranged transgene was present in silenced lines and was polyadenylated but that it was absent in non-silenced lines .
RNA analyses suggested that the Ltp2-gus silencing in the aleurone layer was post-transcriptional and that it may be caused by interaction of partial antisense gus transcripts with normal sense transcripts .
Possible involvement of antisense transcripts in post-transcriptional silencing is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA analyses suggested that the Ltp2-gus silencing in the aleurone layer was post-transcriptional and that it may be caused by interaction of partial antisense gus transcripts with normal sense transcripts .
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| Title: Zinc supplementation in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea in Pakistan .
| | Author: Bhutta ZA Nizami SQ Isani Z | | Journal: Pediatrics Citation: V : 103 ( 4 ) P : e42 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10103334 Accession (PMID): 10103334 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the potential benefit of dietary supplementation of a rice-lentil ( Khitchri ) and yogurt diet with 3 mg/kg/d of elemental zinc ( as zinc sulfate ) in hospitalized malnourished children ( age 6-36 months ) with persistent diarrhea for 14 days .
METHODOLOGY : Randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled trial SETTING : Nutrition Research Ward at the National Institute of Child Health , Karachi , Pakistan , where children were admitted for 14 days of inpatient supervised rehabilitation .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Primary outcome : overall weight gain by day 14 .
Secondary outcomes : overall energy intake , stool output , time to diarrheal recovery and weight gain ( >/=3 days ) , plasma zinc , copper , prealbumin , and insulin-like growth factor-1 .
RESULTS : Of 87 children randomized for supplementation with either zinc or placebo , the two groups were comparable at admission in terms of severity and duration of diarrhea , as well as nutritional and anthropometric parameters .
The overall weight gain , stool volume , stool frequency , as well as the time taken for diarrheal recovery or steady weight gain , were comparable for both supplemented children and controls .
Supplemented children had a significant improvement in plasma zinc levels and serum alkaline phosphatase by day 14 of therapy in comparison with controls .
Plasma copper levels were low in both groups at admission and although an increase was seen in control children , levels decreased further after zinc supplementation .
There was no significant difference between the two groups for hemoglobin , serum albumin , prealbumin , and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 increments during the course of therapy .
Evaluation of primary and secondary outcome criteria among the subset of children with plasma zinc levels <60 microg/d at admission did not reveal any significant differences .
CONCLUSIONS : Although there was satisfactory recovery in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea receiving the Khitchri-yogurt diet , there was no evidence of improved weight gain or acceleration of recovery from diarrhea with zinc supplementation .
In contrast , the reduction in plasma copper levels in zinc-supplemented malnourished children suggests that caution should be exercised in supplementing severely malnourished children with zinc alone . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast , the reduction in plasma copper levels in zinc-supplemented malnourished children suggests that caution should be exercised in supplementing severely malnourished children with zinc alone .
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| Title: The status of ORT ( oral rehydration therapy ) in Bangladesh : how widely is it used?
| | Author: Chowdhury AM Karim F Sarkar SK Cash RA Bhuiya A | | Journal: Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 58-66 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10166103 Accession (PMID): 10166103 | | Abstract: During 1980-1990 BRAC , a Bangladeshi non-governmental organization , taught over 12 million mothers how to prepare oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) at home with lobon ( common salt ) and gur ( unrefined brown sugar ) .
This was followed by a strong promotion and distribution of prepackaged ORS by various agencies including the government .
In 1993 we assessed knowledge of ORT preparation , its local availability and its use for the management of diarrhoea .
Over 9000 households in 90 villages were revisited ; 306 government outreach health workers , 296 drug sellers , and 237 village doctors were interviewed ; 152 government facilities and 495 pharmacies/shops were visited .
ORT prepared by mothers in a sub-sample of the households was analyzed for chloride content and interviewers collected information on use of ORT for diarrhoeal episodes occurring in the preceding two weeks .
The data quality was assessed through a resurvey of sample respondents within two weeks of the first interview .
Over 70% of the mothers could prepare a chemically safe and effective ORS .
A significant proportion of these mothers were very young at the time of the mass campaigns using house to house teaching , implying an intergenerational transfer of the knowledge on ORT .
ORT was found to be used in 60% of all diarrhoeal episodes , but the rate varied with the type of diarrhoea , being highest for daeria ( severe watery diarrhoea ) and lowest for amasha ( dysentery ) .
Drug sellers and village doctors now recommend ORT much more frequently than before .
Members of the medical profession ( qualified and unqualified ) still lag behind in prescribing the use of ORT .
The availability of pre-packaged ORS in rural pharmacies has improved enormously .
There is convincing evidence that the widescale promotion in the past of ORS for dehydration in diarrhoea has led to this marked improvement today .
Nevertheless the use of rice-based ORS , culturally appropriate messages and the promotion of ORS with food offer opportunities to further improve the utilization of ORT .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: During 1980-1990 BRAC , a Bangladeshi non-governmental organization , taught over 12 million mothers how to prepare oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) at home with lobon ( common salt ) and gur ( unrefined brown sugar ) .
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| Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA for an iron-superoxide dismutase in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Kaminaka H Morita S Tokumoto M Yokoyama H Masumura T Tanaka K | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 63 ( 2 ) P : 302-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10192910 Accession (PMID): 10192910 | | Abstract: We have isolated a cDNA encoding Fe-SOD from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
The deduced amino acid sequence consists of a polypeptide with 255 amino acids , including a putative transit peptide ( 40 a . a . ) in amino-terminal residues .
This sequence is similar to the known plant Fe-SODs but not classified in the group of known Fe-SODs .
The metal analysis and SOD assays of the partial purified recombinant protein expressed in E coli showed that this cDNA encodes an iron-containing SOD .
However this SOD activity was not inhibited by the treatment with hydrogen peroxide , which was expected to inhibit known Fe-SOD activity . mRNA of rice Fe-SOD was detected in all vegetative it issues examined , being especially abundant in calli , and strongly increased by light induction .
These results suggested that this cDNA encodes rice Fe-SOD , which is apparently distinct from known plant Fe-SODs . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggested that this cDNA encodes rice Fe-SOD , which is apparently distinct from known plant Fe-SODs .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Purification , characterization , and application of an acid urease from Arthrobacter mobilis .
| | Author: Miyagawa K Sumida M Nakao M Harada M Yamamoto H Kusumi T Yoshizawa K Amachi T Nakayama T | | Journal: J Biotechnol .
Citation: V : 68 ( 2-3 ) P : 227-36 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10194859 Accession (PMID): 10194859 | | Abstract: It has been shown that urea in fermented beverages and foods can serve as a precursor of ethylcarbamate , a potential carcinogen , and acid urease is an effective agent for removing urea in such products .
We describe herein the purification and characterization of a novel acid urease from Arthrobacter mobilis SAM 0752 and show its unique application for the removal of urea from fermented beverages using the Japanese rice wine , sake , as an example .
The purified acid urease showed an optimum pH for activity at pH 4 . 2 .
The enzyme exhibited an apparent K ( m ) for urea of 3 . 0 mM and a Vmax of 2370 mumol of urea per mg and min at 37 degrees C and pH 4 . 2 .
Gel permeation chromatographic and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic analyses showed that the enzyme has an apparent native molecular weight ( M ( r ) ) of 290 , 000 and consisted of three types of subunit proteins ( M ( r ) , 67 , 000 , 16 , 600 , 14 , 100 ) denoted by alpha , beta , and gamma .
The most probable stoichiometry of the subunits was estimated to be alpha : beta : gamma = 1 : 1 : 1 , suggesting the enzyme subunit structure of ( alpha beta gamma ) 3 .
The enzyme also existed as an aggregated form with an M ( r ) of 580 , 000 .
The purified enzyme contained 2 g-atom of nickel per alpha beta gamma unit of the enzyme .
Enzyme activity was inhibited by acetohydroxamic acid , HgCl2 , and CuCl2 .
The isoelectric point of the native enzyme was estimated by gel electrofocusing to be 6 . 8 .
Urea ( 50 ppm ) , which was exogenously added to sake ( pH 4 . 4 , 17 +/- 1% ( v/v ) ethanol ) , was completely decomposed by incubation with the enzyme ( 0 . 09 U ml-1 ) at 15 degrees C for 13 days .
The enzyme was unstable at temperatures higher than 65 degrees C and pHs lower than 4 , and was completely inactivated under the conditions of a pasteurization step involved in the traditional sake-making processes .
These results indicate that the enzyme is applicable to the elimination of urea in fermented beverages with minimal modification to the conventional process . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most probable stoichiometry of the subunits was estimated to be alpha : beta : gamma = 1 : 1 : 1 , suggesting the enzyme subunit structure of ( alpha beta gamma ) 3 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Selection of RNA replicons capable of persistent noncytopathic replication in mammalian cells .
| | Author: Frolov I Agapov E Hoffman TA Prgai BM Lippa M Schlesinger S Rice CM .
| | Journal: J Virol .
Citation: V : 73 ( 5 ) P : 3854-65 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10196280 Accession (PMID): 10196280 | | Abstract: The natural life cycle of alphaviruses , a group of plus-strand RNA viruses , involves transmission to vertebrate hosts via mosquitoes .
Chronic infections are established in mosquitoes ( and usually in mosquito cell cultures ) , but infection of susceptible vertebrate cells typically results in rapid shutoff of host mRNA translation and cell death .
Using engineered Sindbis virus RNA replicons expressing puromycin acetyltransferase as a dominant selectable marker , we identified mutations allowing persistent , noncytopathic replication in BHK-21 cells .
Two of these adaptive mutations involved single-amino-acid substitutions in the C-terminal portion of nsP2 , the viral helicase-protease .
At one of these loci , nsP2 position 726 , numerous substitution mutations were created and characterized in the context of RNA replicons and infectious virus .
Our results suggest a direct correlation between the level of viral RNA replication and cytopathogenicity .
This work also provides a series of alphavirus replicons for noncytopathic gene expression studies ( E V Agapov , I Frolov , B D Lindenbach , B M Prgai , S Schlesinger , and C M Rice , Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA 95 : 12989-12994 , 1998 ) and a general strategy for selecting RNA viral mutants adapted to different cellular environments .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest a direct correlation between the level of viral RNA replication and cytopathogenicity .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Genetic effects on weight change and food intake in Swedish adult twins .
| | Author: Heitmann BL Harris JR Lissner L Pedersen NL .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 69 ( 4 ) P : 597-602 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10197559 Accession (PMID): 10197559 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors .
Additionally , synergistic effects of genes and environments may be important in the development of obesity .
OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to test for genetic effects on food consumption frequency , food preferences , and their interaction with subsequent weight gain .
DESIGN : Complete data on the frequencies of consumption of 11 foods typical of the Swedish diet were available for 98 monozygotic and 176 dizygotic twin pairs aged 25-59 y who are part of the Swedish Twin Registry .
The data were collected in 1973 as part of a questionnaire study .
Body mass index was measured in 1973 and again in 1984 .
RESULTS : There was some evidence that genetic effects influenced the frequency of intake of some foods .
Similarity among monozygotic twins exceeded that among dizygotic twins for intake of flour and grain products and fruit in men and women , intake of milk in men , and intake of vegetables and rice in women , suggesting that genes influence preferences for these foods .
Analyses conducted for twins reared together and apart also suggested greater monozygotic than dizygotic correlations , but cross-twin , cross-trait correlations were all insignificant , suggesting that the genes that affect consumption frequencies are not responsible for mediating the relation between the frequency of intake and weight change .
CONCLUSIONS : Genetic effects and the frequency of intake are independently related to change in body mass index However , there was no suggestion of differential genetic effects on weight gain that were dependent on the consumption frequency of the foods studied .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Analyses conducted for twins reared together and apart also suggested greater monozygotic than dizygotic correlations , but cross-twin , cross-trait correlations were all insignificant , suggesting that the genes that affect consumption frequencies are not responsible for mediating the relation between the frequency of intake and weight change .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Similarity among monozygotic twins exceeded that among dizygotic twins for intake of flour and grain products and fruit in men and women , intake of milk in men , and intake of vegetables and rice in women , suggesting that genes influence preferences for these foods .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Genetic effects and the frequency of intake are independently related to change in body mass index However , there was no suggestion of differential genetic effects on weight gain that were dependent on the consumption frequency of the foods studied .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Long-day up-regulation of a GAMYB gene during Lolium temulentum inflorescence formation .
| | Author: Gocal GF Poole AT Gubler F Watts RJ Blundell C King RW .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 119 ( 4 ) P : 1271-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10198085 Accession (PMID): 10198085 | | Abstract: Long-day exposure of the grass Lolium temulentum may regulate flowering via changes in gibberellin ( GA ) levels .
Therefore , we have examined both GA levels and expression of a MYB transcription factor that is specific to the GA signal transduction pathway in monocots .
This MYB gene from L temulentum shows over 90% nucleotide identity with the barley and rice GAMYB genes , and , like them , gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) up-regulates its expression in the seed .
Furthermore , cDNAs of both the barley and L temulentum GAMYB show the same simple patterns of hybridization with digests of L temulentum genomic DNA .
Compared with vegetative shoot apices of L temulentum , the in situ mRNA expression of LtGAMYB does not change during the earliest steps of "floral" initiation at the apex However , by 100 h ( the double-ridge stage of flowering ) its expression increased substantially and was highest in the terminal and lateral spikelet sites .
Thereafter , expression declined overall but then increased within stamen primordia .
Prior to increased LtGAMYB expression , long-day exposure sufficient to induce flowering led to increased ( 5 to 20-fold ) levels of GA1 and GA4 in the leaf .
Thus , increases first in GA level in the leaf followed by increased expression of LtGAMYB in the apex suggest important signaling and/or response roles in flowering .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , increases first in GA level in the leaf followed by increased expression of LtGAMYB in the apex suggest important signaling and/or response roles in flowering .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Lesion mimic mutants of rice with alterations in early signaling events of defense .
| | Author: Takahashi A Kawasaki T Henmi K ShiI K Kodama O Satoh H Shimamoto K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 17 ( 5 ) P : 535-45 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10205906 Accession (PMID): 10205906 | | Abstract: We screened 93 lesion mimic mutants of rice for resistance to the blast fungus , Magnaporthe grisea , and found eight mutants that exhibited significant resistance to the fungus .
We called these mutants cdr ( cell death and resistance ) and further analyzed three of them .
Two mutations , cdr1 and cdr2 , were recessive and one , Cdr3 , was dominant .
Many small brownish lesions developed over the entire leaf of the mutants 20-50 days after sowing .
TUNEL staining revealed that DNA fragmentation occurred in leaf blade cells of the homozygous Cdr3 mutants .
Autofluorescence and callose deposition were visible in leaf cells of these three mutants .
Activation of two defense-related genes , PBZ1 and PR1 , was observed in the leaves of the mutants ; high expression of PBZ1 was correlated with the lesion formation in the three mutants , whereas PR1 was constitutively expressed in the cdr2 and Cdr3 mutants irrespective of the lesion formation .
Levels of momilactone A , a major phytoalexin of rice , in these mutants were increased approximately 100-400-fold relative to the wild-type levels .
Suspension-cultured cells of the cdr1 and cdr2 but not Cdr3 produced higher levels of H2O2 than the wild type when treated with calyculin A , an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 .
These results suggest that biochemical lesions of cdr1 and cdr2 lie in the early signaling steps leading to activation of the NADPH oxidase and that type-1 protein phosphatase is operative in protein dephosphorylation involved in NADPH oxidase activation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that biochemical lesions of cdr1 and cdr2 lie in the early signaling steps leading to activation of the NADPH oxidase and that type-1 protein phosphatase is operative in protein dephosphorylation involved in NADPH oxidase activation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A set of conserved PCR primers for the analysis of simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in chloroplast genomes of dicotyledonous angiosperms .
| | Author: Weising K Gardner RC .
| | Journal: Genome Citation: V : 42 ( 1 ) P : 9-19 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10207998 Accession (PMID): 10207998 | | Abstract: Short runs of mononucleotide repeats are present in chloroplast genomes of higher plants .
In soybean , rice , and pine , PCR ( polymerase chain reaction ) with flanking primers has shown that the numbers of A or T residues in such repeats are variable among closely related taxa .
Here we describe a set of primers for studying mononucleotide repeat variation in chloroplast DNA of angiosperms where database information is limited .
A total of 39 ( A ) n and ( T ) n repeats ( n > or = 10 ) were identified in the tobacco chloroplast genome , and DNA sequences encompassing these 39 regions were aligned with orthologous DNA sequences in the databases .
Consensus primer pairs were constructed and used to amplify total genomic DNA from a hierarchical set of angiosperms .
All 10 primer pairs generated PCR products from members of the Solanaceae , and 8 of the 10 were also functional in most other angiosperm species .
Levels of interspecific polymorphism within the genera Nicotiana , Lycopersicon ( both Solanaceae ) , and Actinidia ( Actinidiaceae ) proved to be high , while intraspecific variation in Nicotiana tabacum , Lycopersicon esculentum , and Actinidia chinensis was limited .
Sequence analysis of PCR products from three primer pairs revealed variable numbers of A , G , and T residues in mononucleotide arrays as the major cause of polymorphism in Actinidia .
Our results suggest that universal primers targeted to mononucleotide repeats may serve as general tools to study chloroplast variation in angiosperms .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest that universal primers targeted to mononucleotide repeats may serve as general tools to study chloroplast variation in angiosperms .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Separation and characterization of proteins from green and etiolated shoots of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) : towards a rice proteome .
| | Author: Komatsu S Muhammad A Rakwal R | | Journal: Electrophoresis Citation: V : 20 ( 3 ) P : 630-6 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10217180 Accession (PMID): 10217180 | | Abstract: Proteins extracted from green and etiolated shoots of rice were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and relative molecular weights and isoelectric points were determined .
The separated proteins were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and 85 proteins were analyzed by a gas-phase protein sequencer .
The N-terminal amino acid sequences of 21 out of 85 proteins were determined in this manner .
N-terminal regions of the remaining proteins could not be sequenced .
The internal amino acid sequences of proteins were determined by sequence analysis of peptides obtained by the Cleveland peptide mapping method and compared with those of known plant and animal protein sequences to understand the nature of the proteins .
Green shoots revealed the presence of photosynthetic proteins as expected ; however , as etiolated shoots were not photosynthetic , only precursors of the photosynthetic proteins were identified .
Interestingly , the presence of L-ascorbate peroxidase only in etiolated shoots suggests a cellular protectant function for this antioxidant enzyme in the etiolating shoots .
Using this experimental approach , we could identify the major proteins involved in growth regulation in photosynthetic green shoots as well as in etiolating rice seedlings . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Interestingly , the presence of L-ascorbate peroxidase only in etiolated shoots suggests a cellular protectant function for this antioxidant enzyme in the etiolating shoots .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Change in the sugar content in oaten products , buckwheat and rice groats during their heat processing by cooking ] | | Author: Karchik SN Melnikov EM Shablovskaia IS .
| | Journal: Citation: V : ( 4 ) P : 82-5 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1021998 Accession (PMID): 1021998 | | Abstract: The sugar content in the grits and in a gruel cooked with samples of oats and buckwheat subjected to hydrothermal treatment under different conditions and also in the oat flour , a product of baby and dietetic nutrition , was quantified .
Hydrothermal processing results in significant changes occurring individual sugars of the grit .
During culinary treatment these changes are levelled out , but in the end the level of virtually all types of sugar is higher in the gruel cooked with hydrothermally treated grit than in that prepared with initial , untreated grit .
The oats flour is distinguished by a high glucose , maltose , fructose and saccharose content .
A fall of the reducing sugars level coming as a result of thermal and culinary treatment is explained by their participating in the reaction of melanoidine formation .
On the other hand , a rise in their content under rigorous conditions and in the production of oat flour is due to the starting of the starch hydrolysis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sugar content in the grits and in a gruel cooked with samples of oats and buckwheat subjected to hydrothermal treatment under different conditions and also in the oat flour , a product of baby and dietetic nutrition , was quantified .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hydrothermal processing results in significant changes occurring individual sugars of the grit .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: During culinary treatment these changes are levelled out , but in the end the level of virtually all types of sugar is higher in the gruel cooked with hydrothermally treated grit than in that prepared with initial , untreated grit .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A fall of the reducing sugars level coming as a result of thermal and culinary treatment is explained by their participating in the reaction of melanoidine formation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Widespread occurrence of the homologues of the early nodulin ( ENOD ) genes in Oryza species and related grasses .
| | Author: Reddy PM Aggarwal RK Ramos MC Ladha JK Brar DS Kouchi H | | Journal: Biochem . Biophys . Res . Commun . Citation: V : 258 ( 1 ) P : 148-54 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10222251 Accession (PMID): 10222251 | | Abstract: Eighty accessions representing 23 species from the genus Oryza were examined for the presence of homologues of early nodulin ( ENOD ) genes .
Southern analyses indicated a widespread distribution of homologues of ENOD genes across all the genomes of rice as well as other monocots .
The degree of cross-hybridization of the legume ENOD genes with sequences in the genomes of various species , as revealed by hybridization differentials measured in terms of signal intensities , however , suggests that the homologues of ENOD genes are conserved to varied extents in different Oryza species .
The presence of homologues of ENOD genes in a wide variety of plant species denotes that the biological functions of early nodulins may be diverse , and not restricted to nodule organogenesis alone .
The fact that ENOD gene homologues exist widely both in dicots and monocots provides evidence that these homologues have arisen from a common ancestral plant . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The degree of cross-hybridization of the legume ENOD genes with sequences in the genomes of various species , as revealed by hybridization differentials measured in terms of signal intensities , however , suggests that the homologues of ENOD genes are conserved to varied extents in different Oryza species .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Antimutagens in food plants eaten by Polynesians : micronutrients , phytochemicals and protection against bacterial mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [ 4 , 5-f ] quinoline .
| | Author: Botting KJ Young MM Pearson AE Harris PJ Ferguson LR .
| | Journal: Food Chem . Toxicol . Citation: V : 37 ( 2-3 ) P : 95-103 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10227732 Accession (PMID): 10227732 | | Abstract: We have previously suggested that differences in cancer incidence between Polynesians ( including Maoris and people from several Pacific islands ) and Europeans in New Zealand may at least partially relate to differences in the species of food plants ( fruits , vegetables and cereals ) preferentially eaten by these groups .
Twenty-five food plants that are typically eaten in different amounts by these two population groups were selected for detailed study .
Antimutagenic properties of three extracts from each of the selected plants were investigated using a preincubation mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1538 against the mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [ 4 , 5-f ] quinoline ( IQ ) .
The data revealed strong antimutagenic properties in several of the food plants commonly eaten by Polynesians , especially rice , watercress , pawpaw , taro leaves , green banana and mango .
Using the New Zealand food database , a number of nutrients and micronutrients with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential were identified from the selected food plants .
Some of these were tested for antimutagenic potential in parallel experiments to those done with the food plant extracts .
Although some of these micronutrients are antimutagens against IQ , their concentrations in the food plants failed to explain the protection against mutagenicity found in the experiments with extracts of the food plants .
Thus , other types of chemical , not identified in the database , must be leading to antimutagenesis .
Possible active molecules include chlorophylls , carotenoids , flavonoids and coumarins , many of which are also known to be anticarcinogens .
If human cancer data are to be interpreted in terms of cancer protection , these components need urgently to be quantified in food plants in the New Zealand diet , especially in those food plants eaten in large amounts by Polynesians .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have previously suggested that differences in cancer incidence between Polynesians ( including Maoris and people from several Pacific islands ) and Europeans in New Zealand may at least partially relate to differences in the species of food plants ( fruits , vegetables and cereals ) preferentially eaten by these groups .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The effects of climatic patterns and agricultural practices on the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Asia .
| | Author: Reisen WK Aslamkhan M Basio RG .
| | Journal: Southeast Asian J Trop . Med . Public Health Citation: V : -1 P : 61-71 Year: 1976 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1027111 Accession (PMID): 1027111 | | Abstract: Annual population curves for C tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan , east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea .
In the dry temperature ( Pakistan ) and colder maritime climates ( Japan and Korea ) .
C tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults , while in the warmer maritime climates ( Okinawa and Taiwan ) , gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months .
In these climatic types , the population curves closely paralleled the annual temperature curves .
In the tropical climates , however , temporal population patterns were closely related to available moisture either in the form of annual precipitation and/or rice irrigation .
The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Catalytic mechanism of scytalone dehydratase : site-directed mutagenisis , kinetic isotope effects , and alternate substrates .
| | Author: Basarab GS Steffens JJ Wawrzak Z Schwartz RS Lundqvist T Jordan DB .
| | Journal: Biochemistry Citation: V : 38 ( 19 ) P : 6012-24 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10320327 Accession (PMID): 10320327 | | Abstract: On the basis of the X-ray crystal structure of scytalone dehydratase complexed with an active center inhibitor [ Lundqvist , T , Rice , J , Hodge , C N , Basarab , G S , Pierce , J and Lindqvist , Y ( 1994 ) Structure ( London ) 2 , 937-944 ] , eight active-site residues were mutated to examine their roles in the catalytic mechanism .
All but one residue ( Lys73 , a potential base in an anti elimination mechanism ) were found to be important to catalysis or substrate binding .
Steady-state kinetic parameters for the mutants support the native roles for the residues ( Asn131 , Asp31 , His85 , His110 , Ser129 , Tyr30 , and Tyr50 ) within a syn elimination mechanism .
Relative substrate specificities for the two physiological substrates , scytalone and veremelone , versus a Ser129 mutant help assign the orientation of the substrates within the active site .
His85Asn was the most damaging mutation to catalysis consistent with its native roles as a general base and a general acid in a syn elimination .
The additive effect of Tyr30Phe and Tyr50Phe mutations in the double mutant is consistent with their roles in protonating the substrates carbonyl through a water molecule .
Studies on a synthetic substrate , which has an anomeric carbon atom which can better stabilize a carbocation than the physiological substrate ( vermelone ) , suggest that His110Asn prefers this substrate over vermelone in order to balance the mutation-imposed weakness in promoting the elimination of hydroxide from substrates .
All mutant enzymes bound a potent active-site inhibitor in near 1 : 1 stoichiometry , thereby supporting their active-site integrity .
An X-ray crystal structure of the Tyr50Phe mutant indicated that both active-site waters were retained , likely accounting for its residual catalytic activity .
Steady-state kinetic parameters with deuterated scytalone gave kinetic isotope effects of 2 . 7 on kcat and 4 . 2 on kcat/Km , suggesting that steps after dehydration partially limit kcat .
Pre-steady-state measurements of a single-enzyme turnover with scytalone gave a rate that was 6-fold larger than kcat . kcat/Km with scytalone has a pKa of 7 . 9 similar to the pKa value for the ionization of the substrates C6 phenolic hydroxyl , whereas kcat was unaffected by pH , indicating that the anionic form of scytalone does not bind well to enzyme .
With an alternate substrate having a pKa above 11 , kcat/Km had a pKa of 9 . 3 likely due to the ionization of Tyr50 .
The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone was nearly a billion-fold slower than the enzyme-catalyzed rate at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone had a deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1 . 2 at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C , and scytalone incorporated deuterium from D2O in the C2 position about 70-fold more rapidly than the dehydration rate .
Thus , scytalone dehydrates through an E1cb mechanism off the enzyme .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Studies on a synthetic substrate , which has an anomeric carbon atom which can better stabilize a carbocation than the physiological substrate ( vermelone ) , suggest that His110Asn prefers this substrate over vermelone in order to balance the mutation-imposed weakness in promoting the elimination of hydroxide from substrates .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Steady-state kinetic parameters with deuterated scytalone gave kinetic isotope effects of 2 . 7 on kcat and 4 . 2 on kcat/Km , suggesting that steps after dehydration partially limit kcat .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biology of the rice rat ( Oryzomys palustris natator ) in a laborabory environment .
X Postweaning growth of the skull .
| | Author: Park AW Nowosielski-Slepowron BJ .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 94 ( 3 ) P : 356-68 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1032076 Accession (PMID): 1032076 | | Abstract: A survey of skull development of the rice rat ( Oryzomys palustris natator ) covering a period of 21 days to 16 months involving equal numbers of males and females ( 108 ) was undertaken using various skull parameters .
Sexual dimorphism in relation to body weight and length emerged before that of the skull which was only clearly marked by 2 months .
A number of the skull parameters by virtue of their individual growth potential did not show sexual differences in size for a long time , whereas others were clearly marked .
Once the differences between the sexes had been established they were maintained .
One parameter - lenght of cranium - represents those parameters which show changes and it was found that the male rat continued to show a steady linear increase in length up to 16 months , whereas the female cranial length shows a deceleration with termination around 12 months .
The skull differences are mirrored in the weight and length findings and it suggested that the earlier sexual maturity of the females is compensated by an earlier cessation of growth compared to the males which mature later and have a correspondingly later cessation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The skull differences are mirrored in the weight and length findings and it suggested that the earlier sexual maturity of the females is compensated by an earlier cessation of growth compared to the males which mature later and have a correspondingly later cessation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Human leptospirosis in the Mekong delta , Viet Nam .
| | Author: Van CT Thuy NT San NH Hien TT Baranton G Perolat P | | Journal: Trans .
R Soc . Trop . Med . Hyg . Citation: V : 92 ( 6 ) P : 625-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10326104 Accession (PMID): 10326104 | | Abstract: To estimate the seroprevalence of human leptospirosis in the Mekong delta in Viet Nam , an epidemiological survey was conducted in the province of Tien Giang , which is representative of the socioeconomic activities of the region ( rice growing and cattle breeding ) .
A cross-sectional study included 35 clusters representing 1400 people randomly selected and aged 15-60 years .
Sex , age , occupation , contact with animals , type of water supply , and individual habits were recorded .
Leptospiral agglutinins were detected by the microagglutination test , with a battery of 22 live antigens representing the main pathogenic serogroups of Leptospira species and additional local strains .
263 sera ( 18 . 8% ) gave positive results and 41 ( 2 . 9% ) had a titre of agglutinins > or = 400 , suggesting recent infection .
No significant difference was found between females and males .
The distribution of seroprevalence was homogeneous throughout the population studied , with the exception of the 15-25 years age group , in which leptospiral antibodies were less frequent .
Fifteen serogroups were found , the most prevalent being Bataviae ( 21 . 7% ) , Panama ( 15 . 2% ) , Icterohaemorrhagiae ( 13 . 7% ) and Australis ( 8 . 7% ) .
No significant link between leptospiral seropositivity and professional activities or contacts with animals was found , indicating that leptospirosis in the Mekong delta may be considered as an environmentally linked disease .
Leptospirosis is known to be endemic in south-east Asia , and these data demonstrated the high level of circulation of leptospires and the potential importance of leptospiral infections among the rural population in this area .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: 263 sera ( 18 . 8% ) gave positive results and 41 ( 2 . 9% ) had a titre of agglutinins > or = 400 , suggesting recent infection .
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| Title: Evolution of the mitochondrial rps3 intron in perennial and annual angiosperms and homology to nad5 intron 1 .
| | Author: Laroche J Bousquet J | | Journal: Mol . Biol . Evol Citation: V : 16 ( 4 ) P : 441-52 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331271 Accession (PMID): 10331271 | | Abstract: The plant mitochondrial rps3 intron was analyzed for substitution and indel rate variation among 15 monocot and dicot angiosperms from 10 genera , including perennial and annual taxa .
Overall , the intron sequence was very conserved among angiosperms .
Based on length polymorphism , 10 different alleles were identified among the 10 genera .
These allelic differences were mainly attributable to large indels .
An insertion of 133 nucleotides , observed in the Alnus intron was partially or completely absent in the other lineages of the family Betulaceae .
This insertion was located within domain IV of the secondary-structure model of this group IIA intron .
A mobile element of 47 nucleotides that showed homology to sequences located in rice rps3 intron and in intergenic plant mitochondrial genomes was found within this insertion .
Both substitution and indel rates were low among the Betulaceae sequences , but substitution rates were increasingly larger than indel rates in comparisons involving more distantly related taxa .
From a secondary-structure model , regions involved in helical structures were shown to be well preserved from indels as compared to substitutions , but compensatory changes were not observed among the angiosperm sequences analyzed .
Using approximate divergence times based on the fossil record , substitution and indel rate heterogeneity was observed between different pairs of annual and perennial taxa .
In particular , the annual petunia and primrose evolved more than 15 and 10 times faster , for substitution and indel rates respectively , than the perennial birch and alder .
This is the first demonstration of an evolutionary rate difference between perennial and annual forms in noncoding DNA , lending support to neutral causes such as the generation time , population size , and speciation rate effects to explain such rate heterogeneity .
Surprisingly , the sequence from the rps3 intron had a high identity with the sequence of intron 1 from the angiosperm mitochondrial nad5 gene , suggesting a common origin of these two group IIA introns .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Surprisingly , the sequence from the rps3 intron had a high identity with the sequence of intron 1 from the angiosperm mitochondrial nad5 gene , suggesting a common origin of these two group IIA introns .
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| Title: [ Usefulness of hypoallergenic rice ( AFT-R 1 ) and analysis of the salt insoluble rice allergen molecule ] | | Author: Ikezawa Z Tsubaki K Osuna H Shimada T Moteki K Sugiyama H Katumata K Anzai H Amano S | | Journal: Arerugi Citation: V : 48 ( 1 ) P : 40-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331306 Accession (PMID): 10331306 | | Abstract: An involvement of rice allergy in development and exacerbation of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis ( AD ) has been suggested in some cases , and it has been also known that elimination diet of rice results in improvement of AD and reduction of the doses of steroid ointment and anti-allergic drugs used for the treatment .
We prepared the hypoallergenic rice grain , AFT-R 1 ( Allergen-free Technology Lab . Inc . -Rice 1 ) , with alkali treatment from the rice material , Koshihikari , which is popular in Japan .
Its usefulness was evaluated clinically and serologically .
The serological study with IgE-ELISA showed that the major allergic protein were remarkably reduced to less than 1/6400 of them in the AFT-R 1 .
Then it was applied to the clinical trial , and evaluated as useful by the clinical effect in 14 ( 93% ) out of 15 patients , who were diagnosed to have rice allergy by the elimination ( in 15 case ) and ingestion ( in 12 cases ) of the regular rice .
The serum taken from the patient , whom the AFT-R 1 was evaluated as unuseful in the clinical trial , was shown to have IgE antibodies reactive to the remaining protein in AFT-R 1 by IgE-ELISA , and the 60 kd protein band was detected as an IgE-binding component of AFT-R 1 by IgE-immunoblotting with the same serum .
This 60 kd rice protein was identified as ADP ( UDP ) -glucose-starch glycosyl transferase ( EC : 2 . 4 . 1 . 21 ) by N-terminal amino acid analysis .
These results indicated that AFT-R 1 is very useful as a substitute of rice in many AD patients with rice allergy , although IgE-binding component such as the 60 kd protein is remaining in one . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: An involvement of rice allergy in development and exacerbation of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis ( AD ) has been suggested in some cases , and it has been also known that elimination diet of rice results in improvement of AD and reduction of the doses of steroid ointment and anti-allergic drugs used for the treatment .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Purification , characterization , and cDNA structure of isoamylase from developing endosperm of rice .
| | Author: Fujita N Kubo A Francisco PB Nakakita M Harada K Minaka N Nakamura Y | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 208 ( 2 ) P : 283-93 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10333591 Accession (PMID): 10333591 | | Abstract: Isoamylase ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 68 ) in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) was efficiently purified within a day to homogeneity , as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , from developing endosperm by sequential use of Q Sepharose HP anion-exchange chromatography , ammonium sulfate fractionation , and TSKgel G4000SWXL and G3000SWXL gel filtration chromatography .
Although the protein exhibited a molecular size of ca 83 kDa on SDS-PAGE , the apparent size of the native enzyme was approximately 340 and 490 kDa on TSKgel G3000SWXL and G4000SWXL gel filtration chromatograms , respectively , suggesting that rice isoamylase exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form in developing endosperm .
The purified rice isoamylase was able to debranch glycogen , phytoglycogen and amylopectin but could not attack pullulan .
The optimum pH and temperature for isoamylase activity were found to be pH 6 . 5 to 7 . 0 and 30 degrees C , respectively .
The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate at 1 mM .
These results indicate that rice isoamylase possesses properties which are distinct from those reported for bacterial isoamylase .
Complementary-DNA clones for rice endosperm isoamylase were isolated with a polymerase-chain-reaction product as probe which was generated by primers designed from nucleotides conserved in cDNA for maize Sugary-1 isoamylase ( MG James et al , 1995 .
Plant Cell 7 : 417-429 ) and a Pseudomonas amyloderamosa gene encoding isoamylase ( A Amemura et al 1988 , J Biol Chem 263 : 9271-9275 ) .
The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the longest clone showed a high similarity to those of maize Surgary-1 isoamylase , but a lesser similarity to those of Pseudomonas amyloderamosa isoamylase .
Southern blot analysis and gene mapping analysis indicated that the isoamylase gene exists as a single copy in the rice genome and is located on chromosome 8 of cv .
Nipponbare which belongs to the Japonica rice group .
Phylogenetic analysis indicated that isoamylases from maize and rice are more closely related to a number of glgX gene products of the blue green alga Synechocystis and various bacteria than to isoamylases from Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium .
Hence , it is proposed that glgX proteins are classified as isoamylase-type debranching enzymes .
Our tree also showed that all starch and glycogen-debranching enzymes from plants and bacteria tested can be classified into two distinct types , an isoamylase-type and a pullulanase-type . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the protein exhibited a molecular size of ca 83 kDa on SDS-PAGE , the apparent size of the native enzyme was approximately 340 and 490 kDa on TSKgel G3000SWXL and G4000SWXL gel filtration chromatograms , respectively , suggesting that rice isoamylase exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form in developing endosperm .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Complementary-DNA clones for rice endosperm isoamylase were isolated with a polymerase-chain-reaction product as probe which was generated by primers designed from nucleotides conserved in cDNA for maize Sugary-1 isoamylase ( MG James et al , 1995 .
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| Title: Anatomical and theoretical observations on otolith repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo .
| | Author: Buckingham RA .
| | Journal: Laryngoscope Citation: V : 109 ( 5 ) P : 717-22 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10334220 Accession (PMID): 10334220 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To determine if there is an anatomic basis for the assumption that loose , "rogue" otoliths presumed to arise from the utricular macula and theorized to cause benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV ) by impinging on semicircular canal ampullae could be returned to their original site by a series of changes in the position of the head called particle repositioning maneuvers ( PRMs ) .
Further , if such otolith movement were possible , once they were replaced into the utricle , would they adhere to the utricular macula?
STUDY DESIGN : Kodachrome photographs of 2-mm-thick macrosections of human temporal bones were available for evaluation .
The bones were sectioned in horizontal , coronal , and sagittal planes .
Rice grains were placed on the photographs of the cross-sections to demonstrate the possible paths taken by loose otoliths under the influence of gravity in different positions of the head .
RESULTS : A study of cross-sections of the temporal bone shows that loose macular otoliths after PRMs would tend to fall into the lumen of the utricle .
Once the patient assumes the erect position , however , repositioned otoliths would tend to fall into the near or utriculopetal side of the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal , which opens directly into the inferior portion of the utricle , and could cause labyrinth stimulation and BPPV by the same mechanism of misplaced otoliths on the opposite or far side of the cupula .
Loose otoliths in the utricle could also stimulate the horizontal ampullae .
CONCLUSIONS : PRMs do not remove or fix otoliths in any specific site in the labyrinth .
Repositioning of loose otoliths onto the original site in the macula of the utricle , which lies superiorly in the vestibule , could not be accomplished by any of the repositioning maneuvers .
If otoliths were to be repositioned on the utricular macula , there is no evidence that the otoliths would adhere to the macula when the patient assumes the erect position .
The good results obtained by physiotherapeutic procedures suggest that some other mechanism than repositioning of otoliths is responsible for the relief of BPPV .
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[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The good results obtained by physiotherapeutic procedures suggest that some other mechanism than repositioning of otoliths is responsible for the relief of BPPV .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Emergence of a laccase-positive variant of Azospirillum lipoferum occurs via a two-step phenotypic switching process .
| | Author: Alexandre G Bally R | | Journal: FEMS Microbiol . Lett . Citation: V : 174 ( 2 ) P : 371-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10339830 Accession (PMID): 10339830 | | Abstract: Two variants have been isolated from the wild-type Azospirillum lipoferum strain 4B .
The first variant , 4V ( I ) , spontaneously emerged from the wild-type at frequencies in the order of 10 ( -4 ) to 10 ( -3 ) per cell generation .
Compared to the wild-type , the 4V ( I ) variant gained ( production of a carotenoid-like pigment , assimilation of certain carbohydrates ) and lost ( swimming motility , reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride , acid production from certain sugars ) apparently unrelated phenotypic characteristics .
Only from the 4V ( I ) variant , a second atypical stable form , variant 4V ( II ) , which acquired laccase activity and ability to produce melanin , appeared under very specific conditions , namely growth at extremely low oxygen concentrations .
Neither of the variants was able to revert to the parental phenotype .
The results suggest that atypical non-motile laccase-positive isolates of A lipoferum that are found in the rice rhizosphere originate from wild-type ( motile , laccase-negative ) cells via a two-step phenotypic switching event , a non-motile laccase-negative variant being an intermediate phase .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Compared to the wild-type , the 4V ( I ) variant gained ( production of a carotenoid-like pigment , assimilation of certain carbohydrates ) and lost ( swimming motility , reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride , acid production from certain sugars ) apparently unrelated phenotypic characteristics .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results suggest that atypical non-motile laccase-positive isolates of A lipoferum that are found in the rice rhizosphere originate from wild-type ( motile , laccase-negative ) cells via a two-step phenotypic switching event , a non-motile laccase-negative variant being an intermediate phase .
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| Title: DL-methionine supplementation of rice-and-bean diets affects gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and glutathione content in livers of growing rats .
| | Author: De-Oliveira IM Fujimori E Pereira VG De-Castro VD .
| | Journal: Braz .
J Med . Biol . Res . Citation: V : 32 ( 4 ) P : 483-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10347814 Accession (PMID): 10347814 | | Abstract: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT-EC 2 . 3 . 2 . 2 ) activity and glutathione ( GSH ) content were measured in livers of female weanling Wistar rats ( N = 5-18 ) , submitted to rice-and-bean diets ( 13 and 6% w/w protein ) , both supplemented or not with DL-methionine ( 0 . 5 and 0 . 23 g/100 g dry diet , respectively ) .
After 28 days , the rats on the rice-and-bean diets showed significantly higher levels ( four times higher ) of liver GGT activity and a concomitant 50% lower concentration of liver GSH in comparison with control groups feeding on casein .
The addition of DL-methionine to rice-and-bean diets significantly increased the liver GSH content , which reached levels 50% higher than those found in animals on casein diets .
The increase in GSH was accompanied by a decrease in liver GGT activity , which did not reach levels as low as those observed in the control groups .
No significant correlation could be established between GGT and GSH changes under the present experimental conditions .
Linear correlation analysis only revealed that in animals submitted to unsupplemented rice-and-bean diets GSH concentration was positively associated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with weight gain , food intake and food efficiency .
GGT , however , was negatively correlated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with food intake only , and exclusively for supplemented rice-and-bean diets .
The high levels of GGT activity observed in the present study for rats receiving a rice-and-bean mixture could be a result of the poor quality of these diets associated with their deficiency in sulfur amino acids .
The results also suggest that diet supplementation with methionine could be important in the reduction of the deleterious effects of GSH depletion by restoring the intracellular concentration of this tripeptide . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results also suggest that diet supplementation with methionine could be important in the reduction of the deleterious effects of GSH depletion by restoring the intracellular concentration of this tripeptide .
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| Title: Characterization of the inhibitory effect of boiled rice on intestinal chloride secretion in guinea pig crypt cells .
| | Author: Mathews CJ MacLeod RJ Zheng SX Hanrahan JW Bennett HP Hamilton JR .
| | Journal: Gastroenterology Citation: V : 116 ( 6 ) P : 1342-7 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10348817 Accession (PMID): 10348817 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS : When rice is incorporated into oral rehydration therapy for patients with secretory diarrhea , clinical outcomes improve .
We have shown that a factor purified from boiled rice ( RF ) blocks the secretory response of intestinal crypt cells to adenosine 3 , 5-cyclic monophosphate ( cAMP ) .
Now we report that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) chloride channel is the cellular target for this rice inhibitor .
METHODS : We used RF , the same previously described extract prepared from boiled rice , to assess chloride channel activation in vitro , measuring ( 1 ) cell volume regulation of guinea pig intestinal crypt epithelial cell suspensions using standard Coulter counter technology , ( 2 ) transepithelial chloride current in monolayers of T84 cells mounted in Ussing chambers , and ( 3 ) whole-cell and single-channel currents using the patch-clamp technique in cells transfected to express CFTR .
RESULTS : RF inhibited activation by cAMP of CFTR chloride channels in all experimental preparations ; RF did not block volume-stimulated Cl secretion , suggesting that its effect might be specific for CFTR chloride channels .
RF inhibited transepithelial cAMP-stimulated Cl current in T84 cells and inhibited forskolin ( ie , cAMP ) -induced current in cells transfected with CFTR .
Excised patch and single-channel patch-clamp recordings supported the view that the response was a direct effect on CFTR rather than on cAMP signal transduction .
CONCLUSIONS : RF exerts a specific inhibitory effect on CFTR chloride channels , blocking activation from the luminal surface of the cell and reversing established activation .
Many major diarrheal states are based on cAMP-induced CFTR activation , leading to excessive gut secretion ; our findings could have clinical relevance . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : RF inhibited activation by cAMP of CFTR chloride channels in all experimental preparations ; RF did not block volume-stimulated Cl secretion , suggesting that its effect might be specific for CFTR chloride channels .
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| Title: Cell sensitivity to transplacental carcinogenesis by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea is greatest in early post-implantation development .
| | Author: Donovan PJ .
| | Journal: Mutat . Res . Citation: V : 427 ( 1 ) P : 59-63 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10354502 Accession (PMID): 10354502 | | Abstract: In a clear demonstration of the changing sensitivity of the developing mammal to transplacental carcinogenesis , Ivankovic and Druckrey [ S Ivankovic , H Druckrey , Transplacentare Erzeugung maligner Tumoren des Nervensystem : I Athyl-nitroso-harnstoff ( ANH ) an BD IX-Ratten , Z Krebsforsch .
71 ( 1968 ) 320-360 ] exposed pregnant BD IX rats to a pulse of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea ( ENU ) , a reactive carcinogen with a half-life of 20 min .
No tumors were seen with ENU exposure before gestation day 12 , but the multiplicity of neurogenic tumors increased steadily thereafter and was greatest with treatment on day 20 , followed by a decline in sensitivity for the last three days of gestation .
Similarly , a transplacental study of ENU in the Syrian hamster [ BA Diwan , S Rehm , JM Rice , Age and dose-dependent transplacental carcinogenesis by N-nitrosoethylurea in Syrian golden hamsters , J Cancer Res . Clin . Oncol . 122 ( 1996 ) 643-652 ] found that the numbers of tumors induced were greatest after exposure of late fetal stages .
While these observations suggested that embryonic cells are refractory to carcinogenesis , an alternative explanation could be that a significant tumor yield was not observed because too few target cells were present in the embryo .
I have resolved this issue by combining these published data with others on the numbers of neuroectodermal cells in the developing BD IX rat brain [ R MEler , MF Rajewsky , Elimination of O6-ethylguanine from the DNA of brain , liver , and other rat it issues exposed to ethylnitrosourea at different stages of prenatal development , Cancer Res .
43 ( 1983 ) 2897-2904 ] and total cell counts of successive developmental stages of the Syrian hamster fetus [ PJ Donovan , GT Smith , Cell sensitivity to transplacental mutagenesis by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea is greatest during early gestation in the Syrian hamster , Mutation Res . , 1999 , this issue ] , allowing the risk per cell at different stages of gestation to be calculated .
Sensitivity to carcinogenesis was found to be greatest early in gestation and to decrease as gestation proceeds .
For the rat model , tumor frequency per cell changed from 1 . 3x10 ( -6 ) at day 12 exposure to 2 . 6x10 ( -8 ) at day 23 exposure , a 50-fold decrease .
For the hamster model , the tumor-initiation rate decreased 1250-fold from 1 . 2x10 ( -5 ) at day 7 exposure to 9 . 6x10 ( -9 ) at day 13 exposure .
Thus , two independent experiments with different rodent species demonstrate that sensitivity of individual cells to damage leading to transplacental carcinogenesis is greatest in the early fetus and lessens markedly as gestation proceeds , in parallel with changing sensitivity to mutation ( Donovan et al , Mutat . Res . , this issue ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: While these observations suggested that embryonic cells are refractory to carcinogenesis , an alternative explanation could be that a significant tumor yield was not observed because too few target cells were present in the embryo .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Under-reporting of dietary intake by smoking and non-smoking subjects counselled for hypercholesterolaemia .
| | Author: Tonstad S Grbitz C Sivertsen M Ose L | | Journal: J Intern . Med . Citation: V : 245 ( 4 ) P : 337-44 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10356595 Accession (PMID): 10356595 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : We asked whether under-reporting of energy and cigarette smoking were associated with choice of foods and dietary composition amongst subjects with hypercholesterolaemia who had received dietary instruction to lower serum cholesterol .
DESIGN , SETTING AND SUBJECTS : Dietary intake was assessed with a 4-day weighed food record in 205 women and 141 men , aged 20-73 years , being treated at a lipid clinic ( tertiary referral centre ) .
Under-reporting was assessed by calculating the ratio of energy intake ( EI ) to estimated basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) .
RESULTS : The median EI/BMR was 1 . 1 for both men and women .
EI/BMR did not differ according to smoking status , but correlated negatively with body mass index ( Spearmans rho = -0 . 32 , P = 0 . 0001 ) .
EI/BMR was inversely associated with energy-adjusted intakes of potatoes , vegetables , fish and low-fat meats , and positively associated with intakes of nuts , potato crisps , chocolate , sour and ice cream , oils , fatty meat spreads , cakes and biscuits , and with alcohol .
Thus , low EI/BMR was associated with increased energy-adjusted intakes of protein , thiamine , riboflavin , niacin , iron and cholesterol and with decreased intakes of sugar , poly and monounsaturated fats and vitamin E ( all P < 0 . 05 ) .
Cigarette smokers had a higher energy percentage ( E% ) from fat than non-smokers ( 29 +/- 6 vs 26 +/- 6 ) , a lower E% from carbohydrates ( 50 +/- 7 vs 54 +/- 7 ) and a lower intake of vitamin C ( 11 +/- 7 vs 16 +/- 9 mg MJ-1 ; all P = 0 . 0001 ) , reflecting an increased intake of fatty meats and a decreased intake of skimmed cheese , fruit , rice and pasta , and cakes and biscuits ( all P < 0 . 05 ) .
CONCLUSION : Weighed dietary records reflected a healthier intake of fat , protein , sugar , alcohol and some micronutrients amongst under-reporters , suggesting that self-reported dietary intakes are biased in patients with hypercholesterolaemia .
Lack of responsiveness to the diet should not be assumed when dietary data are based on self-report .
Smokers report a higher intake of fat and lower intake of vitamin C than non-smokers , even after dietary counsel , and may require more intensive interventions to optimize the diet .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSION : Weighed dietary records reflected a healthier intake of fat , protein , sugar , alcohol and some micronutrients amongst under-reporters , suggesting that self-reported dietary intakes are biased in patients with hypercholesterolaemia .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , low EI/BMR was associated with increased energy-adjusted intakes of protein , thiamine , riboflavin , niacin , iron and cholesterol and with decreased intakes of sugar , poly and monounsaturated fats and vitamin E ( all P < 0 . 05 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel plant nuclear gene encoding chloroplast ribosomal protein S9 has a transit peptide related to that of rice chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 .
| | Author: Arimura S Takusagawa S Hatano S Nakazono M Hirai A Tsutsumi N | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 450 ( 3 ) P : 231-4 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10359080 Accession (PMID): 10359080 | | Abstract: We have cloned a novel nuclear gene for a ribosomal protein of rice and Arabidopsis that is like the bacterial ribosomal protein S9 .
To determine the subcellular localization of the gene product , we fused the N-terminal region and green fluorescent protein and expressed it transiently in rice seedlings .
Localized fluorescence was detectable only in chloroplasts , indicating that this nuclear gene encodes chloroplast ribosomal protein S9 .
The N-terminal region of rice ribosomal protein S9 was found to have a high sequence similarity to the transit peptide region of the rice chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 , suggesting that these transit peptides have a common lineage . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The N-terminal region of rice ribosomal protein S9 was found to have a high sequence similarity to the transit peptide region of the rice chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 , suggesting that these transit peptides have a common lineage .
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| Title: The distribution and copy number of copia-like retrotransposons in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and their implications in the organization and evolution of the rice genome | | Author: Wang S Liu N Peng K Zhang Q | | Journal: Citation: V : 96 ( 12 ) P : 6824-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10359797 Accession (PMID): 10359797 | | Abstract: We used 22 fragments corresponding to the reverse transcriptase domain of copia-like retrotransposons as representatives to study the organization and distribution of these elements in the rice genome .
The loci detected by these 22 fragments were assigned to 47 locations in the molecular-linkage map involving all 12 chromosomes .
The distributional features of copia-like retrotransposons found in the rice genome indicated that ( i ) the loci detected were located mainly in one arm of each chromosome ; ( ii ) one fragment usually detected several loci that were mapped to similar locations of different chromosomes ; ( iii ) retrotransposons sharing high identity in nucleotide sequences were usually assigned to similar locations of the chromosomes ; and ( iv ) concurrences of multiple loci , detected by different fragments , in similar locations or stretches of different chromosomes were common in the rice genome .
We also determined that the copy number of copia-like retrotransposons in rice genome may be as low as approximately 100 per haploid genome .
The restricted distribution , along with low copy number , suggested that copia-like retrotransposons in rice were relatively inactive during evolution compared with those in other plants .
The distributional features of the copia-like retrotransposons suggested the existence of possible lineages among the rice chromosomes , which in turn suggested that chromosome duplication and diversification may be a mechanism for the origin and evolution of the rice chromosomes .
The information provided by fine mapping of the retroelements in the genetic linkage map may also be useful for gene tagging and molecular cloning . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The distributional features of the copia-like retrotransposons suggested the existence of possible lineages among the rice chromosomes , which in turn suggested that chromosome duplication and diversification may be a mechanism for the origin and evolution of the rice chromosomes .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The restricted distribution , along with low copy number , suggested that copia-like retrotransposons in rice were relatively inactive during evolution compared with those in other plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid enhance the Fenton reaction in phosphate buffer .
| | Author: Iwahashi H Kawamori H Fukushima K | | Journal: Chem . Biol . Interact . Citation: V : 118 ( 3 ) P : 201-15 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10362227 Accession (PMID): 10362227 | | Abstract: Quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid enhanced the Fenton reaction in phosphate buffer , respectively .
The enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction may be partly related to their respective actions in the biological systems such as a neurotoxic effect ( quinolinic acid ) , a marked growth-inhibitory action on rice seeding ( alpha-picolinic acid and fusaric acid ) , and an antiseptic ( 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) .
The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the mixture of alpha-picolinic acid with ferrous ion showed a characteristic visible absorbance band with a lambda ( max ) at 443 nm , suggesting that alpha-picolinic acid chelate of Fe2+ ion forms in the solution .
Similar characteristic visible absorbance band was also observed for the mixture of Fe2+ ion with quinolinic acid ( or fusaric acid , or 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) .
The chelation seems to be related to the enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction . alpha-Picolinic acid was reported to be a toxic substance isolated from the culture liquids of blast mould ( Piricularia oryzae CAVARA ) .
On the other hand , it has also been known that chlorogenic acid protects rice plants from the blast disease .
The chlorogenic acid inhibited the formation of the hydroxyl radical in the reaction mixture of alpha-picolinic acid , FeSO4 ( NH4 ) 2SO4 , and H2O2 .
Thus the inhibition may be a possible mechanism of the protective action of the chlorogenic acid against the blast disease .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the mixture of alpha-picolinic acid with ferrous ion showed a characteristic visible absorbance band with a lambda ( max ) at 443 nm , suggesting that alpha-picolinic acid chelate of Fe2+ ion forms in the solution .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Rice ENOD40 : isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules .
| | Author: Kouchi H Takane K So RB Ladha JK Reddy PM .
| | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 18 ( 2 ) P : 121-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10363365 Accession (PMID): 10363365 | | Abstract: The early nodulin ENOD40 has been proposed as playing a pivotal role in the organogenesis of legume root nodules .
We have isolated the ENOD40 gene homologues ObENOD40 and OsENOD40 from the wild and cultivated rice genotypes Oryza brachyantha and Oryza sativa , respectively .
Rice ENOD40s contain a sequence at the 5 end ( region I ) for encoding an oligopeptide that is highly conserved in all legume ENOD40s .
Furthermore , at the 3 end ( region II ) , the nucleotide sequence of rice ENOD40s exhibited a considerable homology to the corresponding region in legume ENOD40s .
Among various organs of the rice plant , expression of OsENOD40 was detected only in stems .
In situ hybridization studies revealed that , within the stem , transcription of OsENOD40 is confined to parenchyma cells surrounding the protoxylem during the early stages of development of lateral vascular bundles that conjoin an emerging leaf .
Expression pattern of OsENOD40 promoter-GUS fusion in nodules developed on transgenic hairy roots of soybean was also found to be restricted to peripheral cells of nodule vascular bundles , thus evidencing that rice ENOD40 promoter activity is essentially the same as that of soybean ENOD40 .
Taken together , these results strongly suggest that OsENOD40 and legume ENOD40s share common , if not identical , functions in differentiation and/or function of vascular bundles . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Taken together , these results strongly suggest that OsENOD40 and legume ENOD40s share common , if not identical , functions in differentiation and/or function of vascular bundles .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The HMG-I/Y protein PF1 stimulates binding of the transcriptional activator GT-2 to the PHYA gene promoter .
| | Author: Martnez-Garca JF Quail PH .
| | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 18 ( 2 ) P : 173-83 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10363369 Accession (PMID): 10363369 | | Abstract: The DNA-binding proteins PF1 and GT-2 are factors that bind to different functionally defined , positively acting cis-elements in the PHYA genes of oat and rice , respectively .
PF1 is an HMG-I/Y protein , with its cognate cis-element being an AT-rich sequence , designated PE1 , whereas GT-2 is a transcriptional activator with twin DNA binding domains that recognize a triplet of GT-boxes in a complex motif designated GTE .
To further define the DNA-binding activity of PF1 and to explore potential inter-relationships between the two factors , we have performed a series of in vitro DNA-binding experiments with both PE1 and GTE target sites .
The data show that , consistent with its membership of the HMG-I/Y protein family , PF1 can bend DNA when bound to PE1 .
In addition , PF1 can bind promiscuously , with varying affinity , to other AT-containing motifs , including GTE .
When co-incubated with GT-2 , PF1 enhances the specific DNA-binding activity of GT-2 toward GTE , the first report of such activity for a plant HMG-I/Y protein .
This enhancement takes place without demonstrable physical contact between the two proteins , suggesting the possibility of a novel , indirect mechanism of recruitment involving DNA target-site pre-conditioning .
The evidence indicates therefore that PF1 and GT-2 do not perform functionally equivalent roles in positively regulating oat and rice PHYA gene expression .
However , the data suggest the possibility that PF1 may act as an architectural factor , promiscuously recognizing a spectrum of AT-containing elements in plant promoters , with the general function of catalyzing enhanced binding of conventional cognate transcriptional regulators to these elements via DNA bending . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: This enhancement takes place without demonstrable physical contact between the two proteins , suggesting the possibility of a novel , indirect mechanism of recruitment involving DNA target-site pre-conditioning .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the data suggest the possibility that PF1 may act as an architectural factor , promiscuously recognizing a spectrum of AT-containing elements in plant promoters , with the general function of catalyzing enhanced binding of conventional cognate transcriptional regulators to these elements via DNA bending .
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| Title: The TCP domain : a motif found in proteins regulating plant growth and development .
| | Author: Cubas P Lauter N Doebley J Coen E | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 18 ( 2 ) P : 215-22 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10363373 Accession (PMID): 10363373 | | Abstract: The cycloidea ( cyc ) and teosinte branched 1 ( tb1 ) genes code for structurally related proteins implicated in the evolution of key morphological traits .
However , the biochemical function of CYC and TB1 proteins remains to be demonstrated .
To address this problem , we have analysed the predicted secondary structure of regions conserved between CYC and TB1 , and looked for related proteins of known function .
One of the conserved regions is predicted to form a non-canonical basic-Helix-Loop-Helix ( bHLP ) structure .
This domain is also found in two rice DNA-binding proteins , PCF1 and PCF2 , where it has been shown to be involved in DNA-binding and dimerization .
This indicates that the conserved domain most probably defines a new family of transcription factors , which we have termed the TCP family after its first characterised members ( TB1 , CYC and PCFs ) .
Other plant proteins of unknown function also belong to this family .
We have studied two of these in Arabidopsis and have shown that they are expressed in rapidly growing floral primordia .
This , together with the proposed involvement of cyc and tb1 in influencing meristem growth , suggests that many members of the TCP family may affect cell division .
Some of these genes may have been recruited during plant evolution to generate new morphological traits .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This , together with the proposed involvement of cyc and tb1 in influencing meristem growth , suggests that many members of the TCP family may affect cell division .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: ICP22 and the UL13 protein kinase are both required for herpes simplex virus-induced modification of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II .
| | Author: Long MC Leong V Schaffer PA Spencer CA Rice SA .
| | Journal: J Virol .
Citation: V : 73 ( 7 ) P : 5593-604 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10364308 Accession (PMID): 10364308 | | Abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) infection alters the phosphorylation of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II ( RNAP II ) , resulting in the depletion of the hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms of this polypeptide ( known as IIa and IIo , respectively ) and induction of a novel , alternatively phosphorylated form ( designated IIi ) .
We previously showed that the HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP22 is involved in this phenomenon , since induction of IIi and depletion of IIa are deficient in cells infected with 22/n199 , an HSV-1 ICP22 nonsense mutant ( S A Rice , M C Long , V Lam , P A Schaffer , and C A Spencer , J Virol .
69 : 5550-5559 , 1995 ) .
However , depletion of IIo still occurs in 22/n199-infected cells .
This suggests either that another viral gene product affects the RNAP II large subunit or that the truncated ICP22 polypeptide encoded by 22/n199 retains residual activity which leads to IIo depletion .
To distinguish between these possibilities , we engineered an HSV-1 ICP22 null mutant , d22-lacZ , and compared it to 22/n199 .
The two mutants are indistinguishable in their effects on the RNAP II large subunit , suggesting that an additional viral gene product is involved in altering RNAP II .
Two candidates are UL13 , a protein kinase which has been implicated in ICP22 phosphorylation , and the virion host shutoff ( Vhs ) factor , the expression of which is positively regulated by ICP22 and UL13 .
To test whether UL13 is involved , a UL13-deficient viral mutant , d13-lacZ , was engineered .
This mutant was defective in IIi induction and IIa depletion , displaying a phenotype very similar to that of d22-lacZ .
In contrast , a Vhs mutant had effects that were indistinguishable from wild-type HSV-1 .
Therefore , UL13 but not the Vhs function plays a role in modifying the RNAP II large subunit .
To study the potential role of UL13 in viral transcription , we carried out nuclear run-on transcription analyses in infected human embryonic lung cells .
Infections with either UL13 or ICP22 mutants led to significantly reduced amounts of viral genome transcription at late times after infection .
Together , our results suggest that ICP22 and UL13 are involved in a common pathway that alters RNAP II phosphorylation and that in some cell lines this change promotes viral late transcription .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: This suggests either that another viral gene product affects the RNAP II large subunit or that the truncated ICP22 polypeptide encoded by 22/n199 retains residual activity which leads to IIo depletion .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The two mutants are indistinguishable in their effects on the RNAP II large subunit , suggesting that an additional viral gene product is involved in altering RNAP II .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: Together , our results suggest that ICP22 and UL13 are involved in a common pathway that alters RNAP II phosphorylation and that in some cell lines this change promotes viral late transcription .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Unusual inheritance of evolutionarily-related double-stranded RNAs in interspecific hybrid between rice plants Oryza sativa and Oryza rufipogon .
| | Author: Moriyama H Horiuchi H Nitta T Fukuhara T | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 6 ) P : 1127-36 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10380800 Accession (PMID): 10380800 | | Abstract: Endogenous , 14 kb double-stranded RNAs ( dsRNAs ) have been found in two ecospecies of cultivated rice ( temperate japonica rice and tropical japonica rice , Oryza sativa L ) and in wild rice ( O rufipogon , an ancestor of O sativa ) .
A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the core regions of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains found in these three dsRNAs suggested that these dsRNAs probably evolved independently within each host plant from a common ancestor .
These dsRNAs were introduced into F1 hybrids by crossing cultivated rice and wild rice .
Unusual cytoplasmic inheritance of these dsRNAs was observed in some F1 hybrids ; the evolutionarily related dsRNAs were incompatible for each other , and the resident dsRNA of an egg cell from cultivated rice was excluded by the incoming dsRNA of a pollen cell from wild rice .
Coexisting dsRNAs in the F1 hybrids segregated away from each other in the F2 plants .
However , the total amount of these dsRNAs in the host cells remained constant ( ca .
100 copies/cell ) .
The stringent regulation of the dsRNA copy number may be responsible for their unusual inheritance . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the core regions of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains found in these three dsRNAs suggested that these dsRNAs probably evolved independently within each host plant from a common ancestor .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of rice MADS box gene homologues and their RFLP mapping .
| | Author: Shinozuka Y Kojima S Shomura A Ichimura H Yano M Yamamoto K Sasaki T | | Journal: DNA Res .
Citation: V : 6 ( 2 ) P : 123-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10382970 Accession (PMID): 10382970 | | Abstract: Thirty-five MADS box gene homologues were identified through a large-scale cDNA analysis in rice .
Based on the nucleotide sequences of the 3-untranslated region , these clones were classified into 11 independent species .
Seven species were found to be new among the rice MADS box gene family , and the other 4 corresponded to the previously reported OsMADS1 , OsMADS2 , OsMADS4 , and OsMADS5 .
The full nucleotide sequences of the 7 new species were determined .
Each clone encoded a deduced protein of 164-267 amino acids .
The K-domain of the MADS protein was conserved in all clones though with lower degree in clone S10304 .
Reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that clones E31254 and E31864 were expressed mainly in panicles .
Dendrogram analysis suggested that E31254 and E31864 are close to Arabidopsis AGL9 and AP1 , respectively .
Restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP ) linkage mapping revealed that the rice MADS box gene homologues reported here are not clustered but are located throughout the genome .
The locus of E31864 on the RFLP map was closely linked to the long sterile lemma gene , g-1 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Dendrogram analysis suggested that E31254 and E31864 are close to Arabidopsis AGL9 and AP1 , respectively .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Eukaryotic molybdopterin synthase .
Biochemical and molecular studies of Aspergillus nidulans cnxG and cnxH mutants .
| | Author: Unkles SE Heck IS Appleyard MV Kinghorn JR .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 274 ( 27 ) P : 19286-93 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10383438 Accession (PMID): 10383438 | | Abstract: We describe the primary structure of eukaryotic molybdopterin synthase small and large subunits and compare the sequences of the lower eukaryote , Aspergillus nidulans , and a higher eukaryote , Homo sapiens .
Mutants in the A nidulans cnxG ( encoding small subunit ) and cnxH ( large subunit ) genes have been analyzed at the biochemical and molecular level .
Chlorate-sensitive mutants , all the result of amino acid substitutions , were shown to produce low levels of molybdopterin , and growth tests suggest that they have low levels of molybdoenzymes .
In contrast , chlorate-resistant cnx strains have undetectable levels of molybdopterin , lack the ability to utilize nitrate or hypoxanthine as sole nitrogen sources , and are probably null mutations .
Thus on the basis of chlorate toxicity , it is possible to distinguish between amino acid substitutions that permit a low level of molybdopterin production and those mutations that completely abolish molybdopterin synthesis , most likely reflecting molybdopterin synthase activity per se .
Residues have been identified that are essential for function including the C-terminal Gly of the small subunit ( CnxG ) , which is thought to be crucial for the sulfur transfer process during the formation of molybdopterin .
Two independent alterations at residue Gly-148 in the large subunit , CnxH , result in temperature sensitivity suggesting that this residue resides in a region important for correct folding of the fungal protein .
Many years ago it was proposed , from data showing that temperature-sensitive cnxH mutants had thermolabile nitrate reductase , that CnxH is an integral part of the molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase ( MacDonald , D W , and Cove , D J ( 1974 ) Eur .
J Biochem .
47 , 107-110 ) .
Studies of temperature-sensitive cnxH mutants isolated in the course of this study do not support this hypothesis .
Homologues of both molybdopterin synthase subunits are evident in diverse eukaryotic sources such as worm , rat , mouse , rice , and fruit fly as well as humans as discussed in this article .
In contrast , molybdopterin synthase homologues are absent in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Precursor Z and molybdopterin are undetectable in this organism nor do there appear to be homologues of molybdoenzymes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chlorate-sensitive mutants , all the result of amino acid substitutions , were shown to produce low levels of molybdopterin , and growth tests suggest that they have low levels of molybdoenzymes .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two independent alterations at residue Gly-148 in the large subunit , CnxH , result in temperature sensitivity suggesting that this residue resides in a region important for correct folding of the fungal protein .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Population structure and dynamics of Magnaporthe grisea in the Indian Himalayas .
| | Author: Kumar J Nelson RJ Zeigler RS .
| | Journal: Genetics Citation: V : 152 ( 3 ) P : 971-84 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10388817 Accession (PMID): 10388817 | | Abstract: The population genetics of Magnaporthe grisea , the rice blast pathogen , were analyzed in a center of rice diversity ( the Uttar Pradesh hills of the Indian Himalayas ) using multilocus and single- , or low-copy , DNA markers .
Based on DNA fingerprinting with the multilocus probe MGR586 and single-locus probes , 157 haplotypes clustered into 56 lineages ( at >/=70% MGR586 band similarity , each with unique single-locus profiles ) and high diversity indices were detected among 458 isolates collected from 29 sites during 1992-1995 .
Most valleys sampled had distinct populations ( 73% of the lineages were site specific ) with some containing one or a few lineages , confirming the importance of clonal propagation , and others were very diverse .
Widely distributed lineages suggested that migration occurs across the region and into the Indo-Gangetic plains .
Repeated sampling at one site , Matli , ( 170 isolates , 1992-1995 ) yielded 19 lineages and diversity significantly greater than that reported from similar samples from Colombia and the Philippines .
Analysis of allelic associations using pairwise comparisons and multilocus variance analysis failed to reject the hypothesis of gametic phase equilibrium .
The Matli population shifted from highly diverse in 1992 to almost complete dominance by one lineage in 1995 .
Such population dynamics are consistent with recombination followed by differential survival of clonal descendants of recombinant progeny .
At another site , Ranichauri , population ( n = 84 ) composition changed from 2 to 11 lineages over 2 yr and yielded additional evidence for equilibrium .
Sexually fertile and hermaphrodite isolates of both mating types were recovered from rice in both Matli and Ranichauri .
We demonstrate that Himalayan M grisea populations are diverse and dynamic and conclude that the structure of some populations may be affected to some extent by sexual recombination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Widely distributed lineages suggested that migration occurs across the region and into the Indo-Gangetic plains .
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