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| Title: Evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass shown by reverse transcriptase domain analysis .
| | Author: Matsuoka Y Tsunewaki K | | Journal: Mol . Biol . Evol Citation: V : 16 ( 2 ) P : 208-17 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028288 Accession (PMID): 10028288 | | Abstract: The evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass were examined by reverse transcriptase ( RT ) domain analysis .
Twenty-three rice RT sequences were newly determined for this report .
Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 .
Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species , indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species .
Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution .
Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species .
Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family , indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 .
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| Title: Survey of fungal counts and natural occurrence of aflatoxins in Malaysian starch-based foods .
| | Author: Abdullah N Nawawi A Othman I | | Journal: Mycopathologia Citation: V : 143 ( 1 ) P : 53-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10205885 Accession (PMID): 10205885 | | Abstract: In a survey of starch-based foods sampled from retail outlets in Malaysia , fungal colonies were mostly detected in wheat flour ( 100% ) , followed by rice flour ( 74% ) , glutinous rice grains ( 72% ) , ordinary rice grains ( 60% ) , glutinous rice flour ( 48% ) and corn flour ( 26% ) .
All positive samples of ordinary rice and glutinous rice grains had total fungal counts below 10 ( 3 ) cfu/g sample , while among the positive rice flour , glutinous rice flour and corn flour samples , the highest total fungal count was more than 10 ( 3 ) but less than 10 ( 4 ) cfu/g sample respectively .
However , in wheat flour samples total fungal count ranged from 10 ( 2 ) cfu/g sample to slightly more than 10 ( 4 ) cfu/g sample .
Aflatoxigenic colonies were mostly detected in wheat flour ( 20% ) , followed by ordinary rice grains ( 4% ) , glutinous rice grains ( 4% ) and glutinous rice flour ( 2% ) .
No aflatoxigenic colonies were isolated from rice flour and corn flour samples .
Screening of aflatoxin B1 , aflatoxin B2 , aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2 using reversed-phase HPLC were carried out on 84 samples of ordinary rice grains and 83 samples of wheat flour .
Two point four percent ( 2 . 4% ) of ordinary rice grains were positive for aflatoxin G1 and 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G2 .
All the positive samples were collected from private homes at concentrations ranging from 3 . 69-77 . 50 micrograms/kg .
One point two percent ( 1 . 2% ) of wheat flour samples were positive for aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25 . 62 micrograms/kg , 4 . 8% were positive for aflatoxin B2 at concentrations ranging from 11 . 25-252 . 50 micrograms/kg , 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G1 at concentrations ranging from 25 . 00-289 . 38 micrograms/kg and 13 . 25% were positive for aflatoxin G2 at concentrations ranging from 16 . 25-436 . 25 micrograms/kg .
Similarly , positive wheat flour samples were mostly collected from private homes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Screening of aflatoxin B1 , aflatoxin B2 , aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2 using reversed-phase HPLC were carried out on 84 samples of ordinary rice grains and 83 samples of wheat flour .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two point four percent ( 2 . 4% ) of ordinary rice grains were positive for aflatoxin G1 and 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G2 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: One point two percent ( 1 . 2% ) of wheat flour samples were positive for aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25 . 62 micrograms/kg , 4 . 8% were positive for aflatoxin B2 at concentrations ranging from 11 . 25-252 . 50 micrograms/kg , 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G1 at concentrations ranging from 25 . 00-289 . 38 micrograms/kg and 13 . 25% were positive for aflatoxin G2 at concentrations ranging from 16 . 25-436 . 25 micrograms/kg .
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| Title: Sequence changes in six variants of rice tungro bacilliform virus and their phylogenetic relationships .
| | Author: Cabauatan PQ Melcher U Ishikawa K Omura T Hibino H Koganezawa H Azzam O | | Journal: J Gen . Virol . Citation: V : 80 ( Pt 8 ) ( ) P : 2229-37 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10466823 Accession (PMID): 10466823 | | Abstract: The DNA of three biological variants , G1 , Ic and G2 , which originated from the same greenhouse isolate of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) at the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) , was cloned and sequenced .
Comparison of the sequences revealed small differences in genome sizes .
The variants were between 95 and 99% identical at the nucleotide and amino acid levels .
Alignment of the three genome sequences with those of three published RTBV sequences ( Phi-1 , Phi-2 and Phi-3 ) revealed numerous nucleotide substitutions and some insertions and deletions .
The published RTBV sequences originated from the same greenhouse isolate at IRRI 20 , 11 and 9 years ago .
All open reading frames ( ORFs ) and known functional domains were conserved across the six variants .
The cysteine-rich region of ORF3 showed the greatest variation .
When the six DNA sequences from IRRI were compared with that of an isolate from Malaysia ( Serdang ) , similar changes were observed in the cysteine-rich region in addition to other nucleotide substitutions and deletions across the genome .
The aligned nucleotide sequences of the IRRI variants and Serdang were used to analyse phylogenetic relationships by the bootstrapped parsimony , distance and maximum-likelihood methods .
The isolates clustered in three groups : Serdang alone ; Ic and G1 ; and Phi-1 , Phi-2 , Phi-3 and G2 .
The distribution of phylogenetically informative residues in the IRRI sequences shared with the Serdang sequence and the differing tree topologies for segments of the genome suggested that recombination , as well as substitutions and insertions or deletions , has played a role in the evolution of RTBV variants .
The significance and implications of these evolutionary forces are discussed in comparison with badnaviruses and caulimoviruses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The DNA of three biological variants , G1 , Ic and G2 , which originated from the same greenhouse isolate of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) at the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) , was cloned and sequenced .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The isolates clustered in three groups : Serdang alone ; Ic and G1 ; and Phi-1 , Phi-2 , Phi-3 and G2 .
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| Title: Characterization of chimeric enzymes constructed between two distinct alpha-amylase cDNAs from cultured rice cells .
| | Author: Abe R Yoshida K Aoyagi M Kasahara S Ichishima E Nakajima T | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 63 ( 8 ) P : 1329-35 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10500994 Accession (PMID): 10500994 | | Abstract: Cultured cells of rice ( Oryza sativa cv Sasanishiki ) produce two alpha-amylase isozymes , AMY-I and AMY-III .
Using a bacterial expression system , eight chimeric genes constructed with various combination of AMY-I and AMY-III cDNA fragments were expressed , and each recombinant chimeric protein was characterized .
Four of the eight recombinant enzymes having region c ( one of the four regions having unconserved base sequences between AMY-I and AMY-III cDNAs ) of AMY-I showed the same enzyme characteristics as that of native AMY-I , which had high temperature optimum at 50 degrees C The other four chimeric proteins carrying region c of AMY-III showed the AMY-III type characteristics , which were a low temperature optimum at 25 degrees C and susceptibility to a higher maltooligosaccharide ( G17 ) substrate .
The unconserved region c is involved in the decision of the characteristic of AMY-I or AMY-III . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four of the eight recombinant enzymes having region c ( one of the four regions having unconserved base sequences between AMY-I and AMY-III cDNAs ) of AMY-I showed the same enzyme characteristics as that of native AMY-I , which had high temperature optimum at 50 degrees C The other four chimeric proteins carrying region c of AMY-III showed the AMY-III type characteristics , which were a low temperature optimum at 25 degrees C and susceptibility to a higher maltooligosaccharide ( G17 ) substrate .
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| Title: Molecular characterization of mitotic cyclins in rice plants .
| | Author: Umeda M Iwamoto N Umeda-Hara C Yamaguchi M Hashimoto J Uchimiya H | | Journal: Mol . Gen . Genet . Citation: V : 262 ( 2 ) P : 230-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10517318 Accession (PMID): 10517318 | | Abstract: Cyclins are known to activate cyclin-dependent protein kinases , which are essential for cell cycle progression in eukaryotes .
We isolated full-length cDNAs encoding rice mitotic cyclins named CycA1 ; os ; 1 and CycB2 ; os ; 1 , which are related to A and B-type cyclins , respectively , from animals .
To characterize the function of these mitotic cyclins , as well as that of another B-type cyclin , CycB2 ; os ; 2 , each cDNA was introduced into yeast cells .
When cDNAs encoding CycA1 ; os ; 1 , CycB2 ; os ; or CycB2 ; os ; 2 were overexpressed in the yeast mutant DLI , which is deficient in G1 cyclins , the mutant phenotype was rescued , indicating that these mitotic cyclins are functional in yeast cells .
When the cDNA encoding CycB2 ; os ; 1 was expressed in the wild-type yeast strain , the cells lost the ability to grow , whereas the expression of either cycA1 ; os : 1 or cycB2 ; os ; 2 did not inhibit growth .
In situ hybridization of these mitotic cyclin genes with rice root apices and counterstaining of chromosomes with a DNA-specific dye revealed that cycA1 ; os ; 1 is expressed from the G2 phase to the early M phase , while transcripts of cycB2 : os ; 1 and cycB2 ; os ; 2 accumulated until the end of mitosis .
Our results indicate that these B2-type cyclins may be involved in the control of mitosis , in combination with a G2/M-phase CDK . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: When cDNAs encoding CycA1 ; os ; 1 , CycB2 ; os ; or CycB2 ; os ; 2 were overexpressed in the yeast mutant DLI , which is deficient in G1 cyclins , the mutant phenotype was rescued , indicating that these mitotic cyclins are functional in yeast cells .
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| Title: Evaluation of some cereals , plants and tubers through protein composition .
| | Author: Gorinstein S Jaramillo NO Medina OJ Rogriques WA Tosello GA Paredes-Lopez O | | Journal: J Protein Chem .
Citation: V : 18 ( 6 ) P : 687-93 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10609645 Accession (PMID): 10609645 | | Abstract: Wild and cultivated maize , sorghum , rice , amaranth , soybean , and cassava were screened for variability in seed storage proteins .
Total seed proteins , albumin ( Alb-1 and Alb-2 ) , globulin , alcohol-soluble ( A1 and A2 ) , and glutelin ( G1 and G2 ) fractions were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) .
The comparison was done by the obtained protein patterns and their relative amounts .
Using quantitative analysis of the protein composition and the electrophoretic patterns , the relationships between total proteins and amount of individual proteins were determined .
Electrophoretic patterns of extracted proteins from investigated samples showed that the main protein subunits were concentrated between 10 and 45 kDa .
Variation was found in major fractions and minor bands .
Electrophoretic patterns of the protein fractions are directly related to the genetic background of the protein and can be identified and used to certify the genetic makeup of wild , cultivated , or newly derived cereals and plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Total seed proteins , albumin ( Alb-1 and Alb-2 ) , globulin , alcohol-soluble ( A1 and A2 ) , and glutelin ( G1 and G2 ) fractions were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) .
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| Title: Mycotoxin production on rice , pulses and oilseeds .
| | Author: Begum F Samajpati N | | Journal: Naturwissenschaften Citation: V : 87 ( 6 ) P : 275-7 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10929292 Accession (PMID): 10929292 | | Abstract: Mycotoxin-producing fungi were isolated from contaminated grains of rice , pulses and oilseeds sold in the local markets of Calcutta for human consumption .
It was found that aflatoxin B1 was produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , aflatoxin G1 by A flavus , ochratoxin by Aspergillus ochraceous , sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus japonicus and citrinin by Penicillium citrinum .
Aflatoxin B1 ( 333-10 , 416 micrograms/kg ) was produced by Aspergillus spp . in rice , pulses and oilseeds . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: It was found that aflatoxin B1 was produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , aflatoxin G1 by A flavus , ochratoxin by Aspergillus ochraceous , sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus japonicus and citrinin by Penicillium citrinum .
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| Title: The cell cycle genes cycA1 ; 1 and cdc2Os-3 are coordinately regulated by gibberellin in planta .
| | Author: Fabian T Lorbiecke R Umeda M Sauter M | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 211 ( 3 ) P : 376-83 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10987556 Accession (PMID): 10987556 | | Abstract: Internodal growth of deepwater rice ( Oryza sativa L ) can achieve rates of up to 10 mm h ( -1 ) .
In submergence-induced plants , gibberellic acid activates the cell division cycle first at the G1 --> S phase transition with a subsequent increase in mitotic activity .
The proteins cycA1 ; 1 and cdc2Os-3 are the regulatory and catalytic subunits , respectively , of cyclin-dependent protein kinases ( CDKs ) which are central to cell cycle regulation .
Both genes are regulated by gibberellic acid in a coordinate manner with transcripts accumulating in the G2 phase prior to the B2-type mitotic cyclins described previously ( M Sauter et al 1995 , Plant J 7 : 623-632 ) , suggesting a distinct role in regulating G2/M phase progression .
Since cdc2Os-3 belongs to a group of CDKs that have no counterparts in animals , it may function in a plant-specific gibberellin-regulated cell division process . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In submergence-induced plants , gibberellic acid activates the cell division cycle first at the G1 --> S phase transition with a subsequent increase in mitotic activity .
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| Title: Incidence of aflatoxin producing strains and aflatoxin contamination in dry fruit slices of quinces ( Cydonia oblonga Mill . ) from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
| | Author: Sharma YP Sumbali G | | Journal: Mycopathologia Citation: V : 148 ( 2 ) P : 103-7 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11189744 Accession (PMID): 11189744 | | Abstract: An investigation was undertaken to obtain data on the occurrence of aflatoxins and the aflatoxin producing potential of Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from dry fruit slices of quinces produced in jammu and Kashmir , India .
A total of 147 A flavus isolates recovered from dr fruit slices were grown in liquid rice flour medium and screened for the production of various aflatoxins by thin layer chromatography .
The results showed that 23 . 14% of the tested isolates were aflatoxigenic , producing aflatoxins B1 and B2 in varying amounts .
Aflatoxins G1 and G2 were not detected .
All 25 of the investigated market samples were also found to be aflatoxin B1 positive and the level of contamination ranged from 96 to 8164 micrograms/kg of the dry fruit which is quite high in comparison to the permissible level of 30 ppb .
As per these results biochemical composition of dry fruit slices of quinces , along with climatic conditions seem to be very favourable for aflatoxin production by the toxigenic A flavus strains .
Therefore , monitoring of aflatoxins in dry fruit slices of quinces is recommended for this region .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxins G1 and G2 were not detected .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome ( BAC ) contig encompassing the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa4 locus in rice ] | | Author: Jiang GH Wang WM Xie B Zhai WX Lu RL Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 28 ( 3 ) P : 236-43 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11280997 Accession (PMID): 11280997 | | Abstract: The gene Xa4 confers dominantly resistance to rice bacterial blight , which has been finely mapped between RFLP markers G181 and L1044 , and co-segregated with the resistance gene homologues sequence marker RS13 .
The three markers were used to screen a rice Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ( BAC ) library constructed from IRBB56 , a Xa4-harborring indica variety , resulting in the detection of totally 128 positive clones .
Of the 18 positive clones picked out by RS13 , 4 and 6 clones were simultaneously detected by G181 and L1044 , respectively .
Based on their HindIII restriction patterns , 12 clones were selected out to construct a contig that spanned about 420 kb covering the Xa4 locus , which is a solid base for the isolation of Xa4 gene . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The gene Xa4 confers dominantly resistance to rice bacterial blight , which has been finely mapped between RFLP markers G181 and L1044 , and co-segregated with the resistance gene homologues sequence marker RS13 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of the 18 positive clones picked out by RS13 , 4 and 6 clones were simultaneously detected by G181 and L1044 , respectively .
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| Title: Chromosome landing at the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa4 locus using a deep coverage rice BAC library .
| | Author: Wang W Zhai W Luo M Jiang G Chen X Li X Wing RA Zhu L | | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Citation: V : 265 ( 1 ) P : 118-25 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11370857 Accession (PMID): 11370857 | | Abstract: Xa4 is a dominantly inherited rice gene that confers resistance to Philippine race 1 of the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae in rice .
In order to isolate the gene by positional cloning , a bacterial artificial chromosome ( BAC ) library was constructed from genomic DNA isolated from an Xa4-harboring accession , IRBB56 .
The library contains 55 , 296 clones with an average insert size of 132 kb , providing 14 rice genome equivalents .
Three DNA markers closely linked to Xa4 were used to screen the library .
The marker RS13 , a resistance gene analogue that co-segregates with Xa4 , identified 18 clones , of which four and six , respectively , were simultaneously detected by the other two markers , G181 and L1044 .
Fingerprinting and Southern analysis indicated that these clones overlapped and define an interval spanning 420 kb .
In an F2 population derived from an indica variety , IR24 , and its Xa4-containing near isogenic line ( NIL ) , IRBB4 , the susceptible plants were screened in order to map the Xa4 gene genetically and physically .
Out of 24 insert ends isolated from the BACs in the contig , three revealed polymorphisms between IR24 and IRBB4 .
Two insert ends , 56M22F and 26D24R , flanked Xa4 on each side .
Based on the overlap of the BACs , six overlapping clones were considered to include the Xa4 allele , one of which , 106P13 , was chosen for further investigation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The marker RS13 , a resistance gene analogue that co-segregates with Xa4 , identified 18 clones , of which four and six , respectively , were simultaneously detected by the other two markers , G181 and L1044 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Application and improvement of aflatoxin analysis in foods using a multifunctional column and HPLC ] | | Author: Goda Y Akiyama H Otsuki T Fujii A Toyoda M | | Journal: Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi Citation: V : 42 ( 1 ) P : 56-62 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11383158 Accession (PMID): 11383158 | | Abstract: In an earlier report , we developed a rapid , sensitive and clean method consisting of non-chloroform extraction , clean-up on a commercial multifunctional cartridge column and HPLC with fluorescence detection for the analyses of aflatoxins .
In this report , we applied this method to analyze aflatoxins in nuts , giant corn , cereals , spice and black teas .
The method was effective for macadamia nuts , walnuts , hazelnuts , brazil nuts , giant corn , rice , wheat and buckwheat , and the recoveries of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 spiked in them at the level of 10 ng/g were 85-106% .
However , in the chromatograms of spices and black tea , many background peaks were observed .
Therefore , we added a purification step with an affinity column to the clean-up of these samples with the multifunctional cartridge column .
After the additional purification , most of the background peaks were gone .
The recoveries of aflatoxins B1 , B2 and G1 spiked at the level of 10 ng/g were 71-112% except for the case of B2 in white pepper ( 48% ) .
The recoveries of G2 were 49-95% .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The method was effective for macadamia nuts , walnuts , hazelnuts , brazil nuts , giant corn , rice , wheat and buckwheat , and the recoveries of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 spiked in them at the level of 10 ng/g were 85-106% .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The recoveries of aflatoxins B1 , B2 and G1 spiked at the level of 10 ng/g were 71-112% except for the case of B2 in white pepper ( 48% ) .
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| Title: [ QTL analysis of anther length and ratio of stigma exsertion , two key traits of classification for cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and common wild rice ( O rufipogon Griff . ) ] | | Author: Li C Sun CQ Mu P Chen L Wang XK .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 28 ( 8 ) P : 746-51 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11554349 Accession (PMID): 11554349 | | Abstract: A genetic map including 120 RFLP markers covering 1418 . 2 cM has been constructed using a BC1 population derived from a cross between common wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff . ) from Dongxiang , Jiangxi Province , China , and an elite Indica variety Guichao 2 .
The linkage orders and genetic distances of markers in this map are consistent with the map constructed by Rice Genome Program of Japan except the markers of short arm of Chromosome 1 .
The QTLs analysis of anther length and ratio of stigma exsertion , two key traits of classification for cultivated rice and common wild rice indicated that there are two QTLs controlling anther length located at the region of C424-G39 of Chromosome 2 , and C2807-C1263 of Chromosome 9 respectively .
It was also found that there are two QTLs controlling ratio of stigma exsertion , and located at the region of C2289-R1553 of Chromosome 5 and G1149-R1963 of Chromosome 8 respectively .
The detected QTLs affecting the key traits of classification for wild rice and cultivated rice will be useful for study of molecular evolution mechanism of cultivated rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: It was also found that there are two QTLs controlling ratio of stigma exsertion , and located at the region of C2289-R1553 of Chromosome 5 and G1149-R1963 of Chromosome 8 respectively .
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| Title: Characterization of plant proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and flap endonuclease-1 ( FEN-1 ) , and their distribution in mitotic and meiotic cell cycles .
| | Author: Kimura S Suzuki T Yanagawa Y Yamamoto T Nakagawa H Tanaka I Hashimoto J Sakaguchi K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 28 ( 6 ) P : 643-53 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11851910 Accession (PMID): 11851910 | | Abstract: The biochemical and cell cycle-dependent properties of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( OsPCNA ) and flap endonuclease-1 ( OsFEN-1 ) were characterized from rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
OsPCNA was physically associated with OsFEN-1 and increased the flap-endonuclease activity of OsFEN-1 by 2 . 5-fold .
Northern and Western blotting analysis revealed that OsPCNA and OsFEN-1 were present in meristematic it issues such as cultured cells , shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem .
No expression was detected in the mature leaves , although they were exposed to UV .
Both of these proteins were localized in the nuclei of the interphase cells including G1 , S and G2 , and in the nuclear region at telophase .
The distribution patterns of plant PCNA and FEN-1 in meiotic cell progression were investigated using microsporocytes of lily ( Lilium longiflorum cv .
Hinomoto ) .
During the leptotene to pachytene stages , PCNA and FEN-1 were localized in the nuclear region .
The florescence gradually disappeared from diplotene to metaphase I Interestingly , signals for PCNA formed 10-20 intense spots at leptotene .
The number of spots decreased to 1-5 at zygotene and finally to 1 at pachytene .
The roles of OsPCNA and OsFEN-1 in mitotic and meiotic cell cycles are discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both of these proteins were localized in the nuclei of the interphase cells including G1 , S and G2 , and in the nuclear region at telophase .
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| Title: E2F sites that can interact with E2F proteins cloned from rice are required for meristematic it issue-specific expression of rice and tobacco proliferating cell nuclear antigen promoters .
| | Author: Kosugi S Ohashi Y | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 29 ( 1 ) P : 45-59 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12060226 Accession (PMID): 12060226 | | Abstract: Plants have recently been found to have E2F-like and Rb-like proteins , regulators responsible for the G1 ( G0 ) -S phase transition of the cell cycle in animals .
Here we show that E2F is involved in transcription of plant genes for proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , which is required for DNA replication .
Potential E2F binding sites found in the rice PCNA promoters mediated transcriptional activation in actively dividing cells and it issues of tobacco , but not transcriptional repression in terminally differentiated it issues , as also observed for the PCF binding sites previously found in the rice promoter .
Similar results were obtained from analyses for a PCNA promoter isolated from tobacco , which contained two E2F-like sites , each with a different degree of contribution to the promoter activation .
These E2F-like sites except for a rice site were indeed bound specifically by recombinant proteins of rice E2F , OsE2F1 and OsE2F2 , and complexes of OsE2F1 with Arabidopsis DP proteins .
Furthermore , OsE2F1 had the ability to transactivate an E2F-reporter gene containing the tobacco E2F site on co-expression with an Arabidopsis DP , and the transactivation was greatly enhanced by tagging a canonical nuclear localization signal to OsE2F1 , suggesting a nuclear import-mediated regulation of the OsE2F1 function .
In addition , we found that a large number of replication and mismatch repair-associated genes in Arabidopsis contain E2F binding sequences conserved in their predicted promoter regions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plants have recently been found to have E2F-like and Rb-like proteins , regulators responsible for the G1 ( G0 ) -S phase transition of the cell cycle in animals .
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| Title: [ Analysis of gene loci and epistasis for drought tolerance in seedling stage of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Author: Teng S Qian Q Zeng DL Kunihiro Y Fujimoto K Huang DN Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 29 ( 3 ) P : 235-40 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12182078 Accession (PMID): 12182078 | | Abstract: Drought tolerance of rice is important because a considerable proportion of the world rice area is not irrigated and is prone to water deficit .
In this study , an indica variety , Zhai Ye Qing 8 ( ZYQ8 ) , and a japonica variety , Jing Xi 17 ( JX17 ) , and their double haploid ( DH ) population were used for genetic study of drought tolerance .
Water supply was stopped in seedling period for 15 days and then drought tolerance of the DH population and their parents were investigated .
Mapping quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) was undertaken base on the constructed molecular linkage map of this population .
Two QTLs ( qDR-5 and qDR-12 ) for drought tolerance were identified , they were in the region of GA41-GA257 on chromosome 5 and RG457-Y12817R on chromosome 12 , respectively .
The tolerance alleles of both QTLs were from the indica parent , ZYQ8 .
In the meantime two genes for drought tolerance near GA257 and Y12817R were detected too by using Epistat software , that is in accordance with the result by using Mapmaker/QTL .
In addition , three loci ( RG541 , G318 and G192 on chromosome 1 , 4 and 8 , respectively ) were found interacting with GA257 by Epistat software , while one locus ( CT234 on chromosome 3 ) found interacting with Y12817R were also detected by Epistat software . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , three loci ( RG541 , G318 and G192 on chromosome 1 , 4 and 8 , respectively ) were found interacting with GA257 by Epistat software , while one locus ( CT234 on chromosome 3 ) found interacting with Y12817R were also detected by Epistat software .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Ammonium Uptake by Rice Roots ( I Fluxes and Subcellular Distribution of 13NH4+ ) .
| | Author: Wang MY Siddiqi MY Ruth TJ Glass A | | Journal: Citation: V : 103 ( 4 ) P : 1249-1258 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12232017 Accession (PMID): 12232017 | | Abstract: The time course of 13NH4+ uptake and the distribution of 13NH4+ among plant parts and subcellular compartments was determined for 3-week-old rice ( Oryza sativa L cv M202 ) plants grown hydroponically in modified Johnsons nutrient solution containing 2 , 100 , or 1000 [ mu ] M NH4+ ( referred to hereafter as G2 , G100 , or G1000 plants , respectively ) .
At steady state , the influx of 13NH4+ was determined to be 1 . 31 , 5 . 78 , and 10 . 11 [ mu ] mol g-1 fresh weight h-1 , respectively , for G2 , G100 , and G1000 plants ; efflux was 11 , 20 , and 29% , respectively , of influx .
The NH4+ flux to the vacuole was calculated to be between 1 and 1 . 4 [ mu ] mol g-1 fresh weight h-1 .
By means of 13NH4+ efflux analysis , three kinetically distinct phases ( superficial , cell wall , and cytoplasm ) were identified , with t1/2 for 13NH4+ exchange of approximately 3 s and 1 and 8 min , respectively .
Cytoplasmic [ NH4+ ] was estimated to be 3 . 72 , 20 . 55 , and 38 . 08 mM for G2 , G100 , and G1000 plants , respectively .
These concentrations were higher than vacuolar [ NH4+ ] , yet 72 to 92% of total root NH4+ was located in the vacuole .
Distributions of newly absorbed 13NH4+ between plant parts and among the compartments were also examined .
During a 30-min period G100 plants metabolized 19% of the influxed 13NH4+ .
The remainder ( 81% ) was partitioned among the vacuole ( 20% ) , cytoplasm ( 41% ) , and efflux ( 20% ) .
Of the metabolized 13N , roughly one-half was translocated to the shoots . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The time course of 13NH4+ uptake and the distribution of 13NH4+ among plant parts and subcellular compartments was determined for 3-week-old rice ( Oryza sativa L cv M202 ) plants grown hydroponically in modified Johnsons nutrient solution containing 2 , 100 , or 1000 [ mu ] M NH4+ ( referred to hereafter as G2 , G100 , or G1000 plants , respectively ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: At steady state , the influx of 13NH4+ was determined to be 1 . 31 , 5 . 78 , and 10 . 11 [ mu ] mol g-1 fresh weight h-1 , respectively , for G2 , G100 , and G1000 plants ; efflux was 11 , 20 , and 29% , respectively , of influx .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Cytoplasmic [ NH4+ ] was estimated to be 3 . 72 , 20 . 55 , and 38 . 08 mM for G2 , G100 , and G1000 plants , respectively .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: During a 30-min period G100 plants metabolized 19% of the influxed 13NH4+ .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Ammonium Uptake by Rice Roots ( III .
Electrophysiology ) .
| | Author: Wang MY Glass A Shaff JE Kochian LV .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 104 ( 3 ) P : 899-906 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12232135 Accession (PMID): 12232135 | | Abstract: The transmembrane electrical potential differences ( [ delta ] [ psi ] ) were measured in epidermal and cortical cells of intact roots of 3-week-old rice ( Oryza sativa L cv M202 ) seedlings grown in 2 or 100 [ mu ] M NH4+ ( G2 or G100 plants , respectively ) .
In modified Johnsons nutrient solution containing no nitrogen , [ delta ] [ psi ] was in the range of -120 to -140 mV .
Introducing NH4+ to the bathing medium caused a rapid depolarization .
At the steady state , average [ delta ] [ psi ] of G2 and G100 plants were -116 and -89 mV , respectively .
This depolarization exhibited a biphasic response to external NH4+ concentration similar to that reported for 13NH4+ influx isotherms ( MY Wang , MY Siddiqi , TJ Ruth , ADM Glass [ 1993 ] Plant Physiol 103 : 1259-1267 ) .
Plots of membrane depolarization versus 13NH4+ influx were also biphasic , indicating distinct coupling processes for the two transport systems , with a breakpoint between two concentration ranges around 1 mM NH4+ .
The extent of depolarization was also influenced by nitrogen status , which was larger for G2 plants than for G100 plants .
Depolarization of [ delta ] [ psi ] due to NH4+ uptake was eliminated by a protonophore ( carboxylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone ) , inhibitors of ATP synthesis ( sodium cyanide plus salicylhydroxamic acid ) , or an ATPase inhibitor ( diethylstilbestrol ) .
The results of these observations are discussed in the context of the mechanisms of NH4+ uptake by high and low-affinity transport systems operating across the plasma membranes of root cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The transmembrane electrical potential differences ( [ delta ] [ psi ] ) were measured in epidermal and cortical cells of intact roots of 3-week-old rice ( Oryza sativa L cv M202 ) seedlings grown in 2 or 100 [ mu ] M NH4+ ( G2 or G100 plants , respectively ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: At the steady state , average [ delta ] [ psi ] of G2 and G100 plants were -116 and -89 mV , respectively .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The extent of depolarization was also influenced by nitrogen status , which was larger for G2 plants than for G100 plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Aflatoxin production by a variant of Aspergillus oryzae ( NRRL strain 1988 ) on cowpeas ( Vigna sinensis ) .
| | Author: El-Hag N Morse RE .
| | Journal: Science Citation: V : 192 ( 4246 ) P : 1345-6 Year: 1976 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1273594 Accession (PMID): 1273594 | | Abstract: Aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 are produced when a variant of Aspergillus oryzae ( NRRL strain 1988 ) is grown on cowpeas or rice .
The present study indicates that a strain of Aspergillus oryzae approved for use in food processing is variable and the resulting variant , unlike the parent strain , has a propensity to produce aflatoxin .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 are produced when a variant of Aspergillus oryzae ( NRRL strain 1988 ) is grown on cowpeas or rice .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cell-cycle-related variation in proteins in suspension-cultured rice cells .
| | Author: Takase T Yanagawa Y Komatsu S Nakagawa H Hashimoto J | | Journal: J Plant Res .
Citation: V : 116 ( 6 ) P : 469-75 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14523618 Accession (PMID): 14523618 | | Abstract: To understand the cell cycle process in plants , we searched for proteins that quantitatively change during the cell cycle in suspension-cultured rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cells .
The proteins were analyzed by a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis image-analysis system .
We detected 11 proteins that quantitatively changed during the cell cycle , among which beta-tubulins and a calreticulin-like protein were identified .
The amounts of beta-tubulin proteins were low in the M phase and high in the G1 phase .
In contrast , mRNAs for two of the three types of beta-tubulin were high in the M phase of the cell cycle .
The addition of protease inhibitors MG132 or E64d to the cells decreased the beta-tubulin proteins during 24 h , suggesting that beta-tubulin proteins are degraded in vivo by proteases other than those whose activities are inhibited by MG132 or E64d . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amounts of beta-tubulin proteins were low in the M phase and high in the G1 phase .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Two whitebacked planthopper resistance genes in rice share the same loci with those for brown planthopper resistance .
| | Author: Tan GX Weng QM Ren X Huang Z Zhu LL He GC .
| | Journal: Heredity Citation: V : 92 ( 3 ) P : 212-7 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14666132 Accession (PMID): 14666132 | | Abstract: The whitebacked planthopper ( WBPH ) , Sogatella furcifera , and brown planthopper ( BPH ) Nilaparvata lugens Stl are important sucking insects of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) crops throughout the world .
Rice B5 , which has derived its resistance genes from the wild rice O officinalis Wall ex Watt , is a line that is highly resistant to both WBPH and BPH .
Previously , two resistance genes against BPH , Qbp1 , and Qbp2 in B5 had been mapped onto chromosome 3 and chromosome 4 , respectively .
In this study , we employed a mapping population composed of 187 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) , produced from a cross between B5 and susceptible variety Minghui63 , to locate the WBPH and BPH resistance genes .
A RFLP survey of the bulked extremes from the RIL population identified two genomic regions , one on chromosome 3 and the other on chromosome 4 , likely containing the resistance genes to planthoppers .
QTL analysis of the RILs further confirmed that two WBPH resistance genes were mapped on the same loci as Qbp1 and Qbp2 , using a linkage map with 242 molecular markers distributed on 12 rice chromosomes .
Of the two WBPH resistance genes , one designated Wbph7 ( t ) was located within a 1 . 1-cM region between R1925 and G1318 on chromosome 3 , the other designated Wbph8 ( t ) was within a 0 . 3-cM region flanked by R288 and S11182 on chromosome 4 .
A two-way analysis of variance showed that two loci acted independently with each other in determining WBPH resistance .
The results have significant implications in studying the interactions between sucking insects and plants and in breeding programs of resistance to rice planthoppers . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of the two WBPH resistance genes , one designated Wbph7 ( t ) was located within a 1 . 1-cM region between R1925 and G1318 on chromosome 3 , the other designated Wbph8 ( t ) was within a 0 . 3-cM region flanked by R288 and S11182 on chromosome 4 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Mapping QTL for traits associated with resistance to ferrous iron toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) , using japonica chromosome segment substitution lines .
| | Author: Wan JL Zhai HQ Wan JM Yasui H Yoshimura A | | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 30 ( 10 ) P : 893-8 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14669504 Accession (PMID): 14669504 | | Abstract: A mapping population of 66 japonica chromosome segment substitution lines ( CSSLs ) in indica genetic background , derived from a cross between a japonica variety Asominori and an indica variety IR24 by the single-seed descent , backcrossing and marker-assisted selection , was used to detect quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for leaf bronzing index ( LBI ) , stem dry weight ( SDW ) , plant height ( PH ) , root length ( RL ) and root dry weight ( RDW ) under Fe2+ stress condition in rice .
Two parents and 66 japonica CSSLs were phenotyped for the traits by growing them in Fe2+ toxicity nutrient solution .
A total of fourteen QTLs were detected on chromosome 3 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 and 12 , respectively , with LOD of QTLs ranging from 2 . 72 to 6 . 63 .
Three QTLs controlling LBI were located at the region of C515-XNpb279 , R2638-C1263 and G1465-C950 on chromosome 3 , 9 and 11 , their contributions to whole variation were 16 . 45% , 11 . 16% and 28 . 02% , respectively .
Comparing with the other mapping results , the QTL for LBI located at the region of C515-XNpb279 on chromosome 3 was identical with the QTL for chlorophyll content on a rice function map .
The results indicated that ferrous iron toxicity of rice is characterized by bronzing spots on the lower leaves , which spread over the whole leaves , causing the lower leaves to turn dark gray and to product chlorophyll catabolites or derivatives which reduce cytotoxicity of some heavy metals , such as ferrous iron .
Furthermore , the QTL for LBI , SDW and RDW located at the region of G1465-C950 on chromosome 11 is a major QTL .
Whether the QTL for SDW , PH , RL and RDW at the region of XNpb386-XNpb342 on chromosome 6 is associated with resistance to ferrous iron toxicity need further studies .
Our goal is to identify breeding materials for resistance to Fe2+ toxicity through marker-assisted selection based on the detected markers . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three QTLs controlling LBI were located at the region of C515-XNpb279 , R2638-C1263 and G1465-C950 on chromosome 3 , 9 and 11 , their contributions to whole variation were 16 . 45% , 11 . 16% and 28 . 02% , respectively .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , the QTL for LBI , SDW and RDW located at the region of G1465-C950 on chromosome 11 is a major QTL .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Relationship between genetic lineage and pathotype of Pyricularia grisea in Yunnan Plateau ] | | Author: Zeng QC Fan JH Wang YY Yang D Chen HR Tan XL Zhu YY Zhu Z | | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 31 ( 6 ) P : 609-15 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15490880 Accession (PMID): 15490880 | | Abstract: Rice blast caused by Pyricularia grisea is the most destructive disease in Yunnan Plateau , China .
In order to elucidate the relationship between genetic lineage and pathotype of P grisea of Yunnan Plateau as well as the variability of the fungus at DNA level , the repetitive element-based PCR ( rep-PCR ) of Pot2 , an element found in approximately 100 copies in the fungus genome , was exploited .
Two hundred and thirty-six isolates of P grisea collected from 15 main rice-growing counties of Yunnan Plateau were fingerprinted by using rep-PCR .
A linkage graph of the rep-PCR fingerprints from 134 representative isolates was generated using an unweighted pair-grouped average program ( UPGMA ) of the STATISTICAL 5 . 0 software .
The isolates were classified into 8 genetic lineages ( G1 approximately G8 ) at the level of 1 . 75 genetic linkage distance , of which the G1 , G2 and G4 were the dominant lineages .
The isolates in a certain area generally belonged to one correspondent genetic lineage and the isolates from the same plot and host rice variety mostly shared one linkage group though different genetic lineages within one lesion .
Furthermore , 29 isolates representing the eight genetic lineages were inoculated on 33 rice cultivars of Yunnan at the stage of 3 approximately 4 leaves in greenhouse .
The isolates were divided into 6 pathotype groups ( P1 approximately P6 ) according to its compatibility , which demonstrated that some isolates of one genetic lineage sharing two or three pathotype groups , alternatively , one or four pathotype groups .
The isolates from each genetic lineage , however , may share one pathotype group such as P2 .
The preliminary results implicated that the relationship between genetic lineages and pathotype groups of P grisea in Yunnan Plateau was complicated rather than simple .
On the other hand , 2 rice cultivars including HeXi 16 and JingGuo 92 were resistant to the 29 isolates but YunJing 20 and HeXi 30 both susceptible to all of them , which was helpful for deploying the blast-resistant genes in rice production of Yunnan Plateau .
Therefore , the rice blast-resistance spectrum of the tentative new rice cultivars should be evaluated before its release considering the blast-resistant rice breeding and the practice of rice production in Yunnan Plateau . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The isolates were classified into 8 genetic lineages ( G1 approximately G8 ) at the level of 1 . 75 genetic linkage distance , of which the G1 , G2 and G4 were the dominant lineages .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Epistasis underlying female sterility detected in hybrid breakdown in a Japonica-Indica cross of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Kubo T Yoshimura A | | Journal: Theor . Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 110 ( 2 ) P : 346-55 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15549230 Accession (PMID): 15549230 | | Abstract: Epistasis is considered to be a primary genetic basis of hybrid breakdown .
We found novel epistatic genes causing hybrid breakdown in an intraspecific cross of cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
F2 progeny derived from a cross between a Japonica variety , Asominori , and an Indica variety , IR24 , showed segregation of high sterility for seeds , even though the reciprocal F1 hybrids showed about 60% seed fertility .
Backcross populations ( BC3F2 , BC3F3 ) , obtained from repeated backcrossing with Asominori , showed the segregation of causal genes in a simple Mendelian fashion .
Using these populations , we identified that this sterility was hybrid breakdown caused by interaction among three nuclear genes distributed on the both parental genomes .
These new genes , designated as hsa1 , hsa2 , and hsa3 , were found to be involved in female gamete development by histological examination .
The Indica parent IR24 has a sterile allele , hsa1-IR , which was located at near RFLP marker G148 on chromosome 12 , whereas the Japonica parent Asominori has two sterile alleles , hsa2-As on chromosome 8 ( close to G104 ) and hsa3-As on chromosome 9 ( close to RM285 ) .
Female gametes carrying the hsa1-IR , hsa2-As , and hsa3-As alleles aborted in hsa1-IR homozygous plant , leading to seed sterility and selective elimination of the specific allelic combination .
This study provides direct evidence that hybrid breakdown is attributed to epistatic interaction of genes from both parents and suggests that complicated mechanisms has been developed for hybrid breakdown during the evolution of rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The Indica parent IR24 has a sterile allele , hsa1-IR , which was located at near RFLP marker G148 on chromosome 12 , whereas the Japonica parent Asominori has two sterile alleles , hsa2-As on chromosome 8 ( close to G104 ) and hsa3-As on chromosome 9 ( close to RM285 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Genetic dissection of cooked rice elongation in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Author: Zhang GH Zeng DL Guo LB Qian Q Zhang GP Teng S Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Citation: V : 26 ( 6 ) P : 887-92 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15762007 Accession (PMID): 15762007 | | Abstract: QTLs for milled rice length ( MRL ) , cooked rice length ( CRL ) and cooked rice elongation ( CRE ) were identified by using a population of 127 DH lines derived from a cross between ZYQ8 and JX17 .
Totally , 14 QTLs for rice elongation traits were detected on chromosomes 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 and 12 .
Two putative QTLs for MRL were mapped on chromosomes 2 .
Seven putative QTLs for CRL were mapped on chromosomes 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 and 12 .
Five putative QTLs for CRE were mapped on chromosomes 5 , 6 , and 10 .
The regions of G249-G164 on chromosome 3 , G30-RZ516 on chromosome 6 and G1082-GA223 on chromosome 10 were detected simultaneously for affecting cooked rice length and cooke rice elongation .
LODs of the QTLs related to rice elongation varied from 2 . 26 to 9 . 25 , and their explained variations from 5 . 31% to 17 . 21% . It is indicated that cooked rice elongation was controlled by polygene and Wx-gene located on the same region with qCRE-6 was important to cooked rice elongation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The regions of G249-G164 on chromosome 3 , G30-RZ516 on chromosome 6 and G1082-GA223 on chromosome 10 were detected simultaneously for affecting cooked rice length and cooke rice elongation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Internal point mutations of the capsid modify the serotype of Rice yellow mottle virus .
| | Author: Hbrard E Pinel-Galzi A Catherinot V Labesse G Brugidou C Fargette D | | Journal: J Virol .
Citation: V : 79 ( 7 ) P : 4407-14 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15767440 Accession (PMID): 15767440 | | Abstract: Rice yellow mottle virus is classified in five major serotypes ; the molecular diversity of the coat protein ( CP ) is well established , but the amino acids involved in the recognition by discriminant monoclonal antibodies ( MAbs ) remain unknown .
Reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment of the CP gene of a sample representative of the continental-large diversity were used to identify 10 serospecific amino acids ( ie , conserved in all isolates belonging to the same serotype and distinct in other serotypes ) .
Positions occupied by serospecific residues were localized on the crystal structure of the CP monomer and on modeled capsomers .
Structural , molecular , and serological properties of each serotype were analyzed , and subsequently , hypotheses on the potential role of amino acids in discriminating reactions with antibodies were formulated .
The residues 114 and 115 ( serospecific of Sr1 ) and 190 ( serospecific of Sr2 ) were localized on the outer surface of the capsid and might be directly involved in the immunoreactivity with MAb D and MAb A , respectively .
In contrast , residues 180 ( Sr3 ) and 178 ( Sr5 ) lay within the inner surface of the capsid .
To understand the role of these internal positions in the recognition with the antibodies , two substitutions ( T180K and G178D ) were introduced in the CP of an infectious clone .
These mutations modified the antigenicity with MAb G and MAb E discriminating Sr3 and Sr5 , respectively , while the reaction with MAb D remained unaffected .
This result suggests an indirect effect of these two internal mutations on local immunostructure while the global structure was maintained .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the role of these internal positions in the recognition with the antibodies , two substitutions ( T180K and G178D ) were introduced in the CP of an infectious clone .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Genome-wide identification of potential plant E2F target genes .
| | Author: Vandepoele K Vlieghe K Florquin K Hennig L Beemster GT Gruissem W Van de Peer Y Inz D De Veylder L | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 139 ( 1 ) P : 316-28 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16126853 Accession (PMID): 16126853 | | Abstract: Entry into the S phase of the cell cycle is controlled by E2F transcription factors that induce the transcription of genes required for cell cycle progression and DNA replication .
Although the E2F pathway is highly conserved in higher eukaryotes , only a few E2F target genes have been experimentally validated in plants .
We have combined microarray analysis and bioinformatics tools to identify plant E2F-responsive genes .
Promoter regions of genes that were induced at the transcriptional level in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) seedlings ectopically expressing genes for the E2Fa and DPa transcription factors were searched for the presence of E2F-binding sites , resulting in the identification of 181 putative E2F target genes .
In most cases , the E2F-binding element was located close to the transcription start site , but occasionally could also be localized in the 5 untranslated region .
Comparison of our results with available microarray data sets from synchronized cell suspensions revealed that the E2F target genes were expressed almost exclusively during G1 and S phases and activated upon reentry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle .
To test the robustness of the data for the Arabidopsis E2F target genes , we also searched for the presence of E2F-cis-acting elements in the promoters of the putative orthologous rice ( Oryza sativa ) genes .
Using this approach , we identified 70 potential conserved plant E2F target genes .
These genes encode proteins involved in cell cycle regulation , DNA replication , and chromatin dynamics .
In addition , we identified several genes for potentially novel S phase regulatory proteins . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of our results with available microarray data sets from synchronized cell suspensions revealed that the E2F target genes were expressed almost exclusively during G1 and S phases and activated upon reentry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Lectins as bioactive plant proteins : a potential in cancer treatment .
| | Author: De Mej } EG Prisecaru VI .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 45 ( 6 ) P : 425-45 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16183566 Accession (PMID): 16183566 | | Abstract: Plant lectins , a unique group of proteins and glycoproteins with potent biological activity , occur in foods like wheat , corn , tomato , peanut , kidney bean , banana , pea , lentil , soybean , mushroom , rice , and potato .
Thus , dietary intakes by humans can be significant .
Many lectins resist digestion , survive gut passage , and bind to gastrointestinal cells and/or enter the circulation intact , maintaining full biological activity .
Several lectins have been found to possess anticancer properties in vitro , in vivo , and in human case studies ; they are used as therapeutic agents , preferentially binding to cancer cell membranes or their receptors , causing cytotoxicity , apoptosis , and inhibition of tumor growth .
These compounds can become internalized into cells , causing cancer cell agglutination and/or aggregation .
Ingestion of lectins also sequesters the available body pool of polyamines , thereby thwarting cancer cell growth .
They also affect the immune system by altering the production of various interleukins , or by activating certain protein kinases .
Lectins can bind to ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis .
They also modify the cell cycle by inducing non-apoptotic G1-phase accumulation mechanisms , G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis , and can activate the caspase cascade .
Lectins can also downregulate telomerase activity and inhibit angiogenesis .
Although lectins seem to have great potential as anticancer agents , further research is still needed and should include a genomic and proteomic approach .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: They also modify the cell cycle by inducing non-apoptotic G1-phase accumulation mechanisms , G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis , and can activate the caspase cascade .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Aflatoxin screening by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry .
| | Author: Ramos Catharino R de Azevedo Marques L Silva Santos L Baptista AS Glria EM Calori-Domingues MA Facco EM Eberlin MN .
| | Journal: Anal Chem .
Citation: V : 77 ( 24 ) P : 8155-7 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16351169 Accession (PMID): 16351169 | | Abstract: Efficient detection of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 has been performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a UV-absorbing ionic liquid matrix to obtain "matrix-free" mass spectra and addition of NaCl to enhance sensitivity via Na+ cationization .
Using ionic alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid ( Et3N-alpha-CHCA ) as the matrix , matrix-free mass spectra in the m/z range of interest are acquired , and the B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 aflatoxins are readily detected with an LOD as low as 50 fmol .
The technique is fast , requires little sample preparation and no derivatization or chromatographic separation , and seems therefore to be suitable for high-throughput aflatoxin screening .
It should be easily extended to other micotoxins and provide an attractive technique to control the quality of major crops subjected to huge world commercial trades such as peanuts , corn , and rice as well as to monitor bioterrorism threats by micotoxin poisoning .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Efficient detection of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 has been performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a UV-absorbing ionic liquid matrix to obtain "matrix-free" mass spectra and addition of NaCl to enhance sensitivity via Na+ cationization .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using ionic alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid ( Et3N-alpha-CHCA ) as the matrix , matrix-free mass spectra in the m/z range of interest are acquired , and the B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 aflatoxins are readily detected with an LOD as low as 50 fmol .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Emergence of a resistance-breaking isolate of Rice yellow mottle virus during serial inoculations is due to a single substitution in the genome-linked viral protein VPg .
| | Author: Hbrard E Pinel-Galzi A Bersoult A Sir C Fargette D | | Journal: J Gen . Virol . Citation: V : 87 ( Pt 5 ) P : 1369-73 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16603540 Accession (PMID): 16603540 | | Abstract: The recessive gene rymv-1 , responsible for the high resistance of Oryza sativa Gigante to Rice yellow mottle virus ( genus Sobemovirus ) , was overcome by the variant CI4* , which emerged after serial inoculations of the non-resistance-breaking ( nRB ) isolate CI4 .
By comparison of the full-length sequences of CI4 and CI4* , a non-synonymous mutation was identified at position 1729 , localized in the putative VPg domain , and an assay was developed based on this single-nucleotide polymorphism .
The mutation G1729T was detected as early as the first passage in resistant plants and was found in all subsequent passages .
Neither reversion nor any additional mutation was observed .
The substitution G1729T , introduced by mutagenesis into the VPg of an nRB infectious clone , was sufficient to induce symptoms in uninoculated leaves of O sativa Gigante .
This is the first evidence that VPg is a virulence factor in plants with recessive resistance against viruses outside the family Potyviridae . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mutation G1729T was detected as early as the first passage in resistant plants and was found in all subsequent passages .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The substitution G1729T , introduced by mutagenesis into the VPg of an nRB infectious clone , was sufficient to induce symptoms in uninoculated leaves of O sativa Gigante .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Survey of breakfast and infant cereals for aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 .
| | Author: Tam J Mankotia M Mably M Pantazopoulos P Neil RJ Calway P Scott PM .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 23 ( 7 ) P : 693-9 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16751146 Accession (PMID): 16751146 | | Abstract: Three hundred and forty-nine breakfast and infant cereal samples were collected at retail level across Canada from 2002 to 2005 .
They included rice- , soy- , barley-based and mixed-grain infant cereals , corn- , wheat- , rice-based and mixed-grain breakfast cereals , and were analysed for aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 using a modified AOAC International official method .
An immunoaffinity column was used for the cleanup and purification of extracts .
Determination of aflatoxins was by LC using post-column derivatization with pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide and fluorescence detection .
Results indicated that 50% of both breakfast and infant cereals had detectable levels ( limit of detection = 0 . 002 ng g-1 ) of aflatoxin B1 , which is the most toxic of the four toxins .
The levels found varied from 0 . 002 to 1 . 00 ng g-1 for aflatoxin B1 , from 0 . 002 to 0 . 14 ng g-1 for aflatoxin B2 , from 0 . 008 to 0 . 27 ng g-1 for aflatoxin G1 , and from 0 . 008 to 0 . 048 ng g-1 for aflatoxin G2 .
Only 4% of the breakfast cereals and 1% of the infant cereals had aflatoxin B1 levels exceeding 0 . 1 ng g-1 , which is the European Union maximum limit for aflatoxin B1 in baby foods and processed cereal-based foods for infants and young children .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: They included rice- , soy- , barley-based and mixed-grain infant cereals , corn- , wheat- , rice-based and mixed-grain breakfast cereals , and were analysed for aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 using a modified AOAC International official method .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The levels found varied from 0 . 002 to 1 . 00 ng g-1 for aflatoxin B1 , from 0 . 002 to 0 . 14 ng g-1 for aflatoxin B2 , from 0 . 008 to 0 . 27 ng g-1 for aflatoxin G1 , and from 0 . 008 to 0 . 048 ng g-1 for aflatoxin G2 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Occurrence of aflatoxins , ochratoxin A , and fumonisins in retail foods in Japan .
| | Author: Sugita-Konishi Y Nakajima M Tabata S Ishikuro E Tanaka T Norizuki H Itoh Y Aoyama K Fujita K Kai S Kumagai S | | Journal: J Food Prot .
Citation: V : 69 ( 6 ) P : 1365-70 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16786858 Accession (PMID): 16786858 | | Abstract: We conducted a survey of aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , ochratoxin A , and fumonisin B1 , B2 , and B3 contamination in various foods on the retail market in Japan in 2004 and 2005 .
The mycotoxins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography , liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry , or high-performance thin-layer chromatography .
Aflatoxins were detected in 10 of 21 peanut butter samples ; the highest concentration of aflatoxin B1 was 2 . 59 microg/kg .
Aflatoxin contamination was not found in corn products , corn , peanuts , buckwheat flour , dried buckwheat noodles , rice , or sesame oil .
Ochratoxin A was detected in oatmeal , wheat flour , rye , buckwheat flour , green coffee beans , roasted coffee beans , raisins , beer , and wine but not in rice or corn products .
Ochratoxin A concentrations in contaminated samples were below 0 . 8 microg/kg .
Fumonisins were detected in popcorn , frozen corn , corn flakes , and corn grits .
The highest concentrations of fumonisins B1 , B2 , and B3 in these samples were 354 . 0 , 94 . 0 , and 64 . 0 microg/kg , respectively .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We conducted a survey of aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , ochratoxin A , and fumonisin B1 , B2 , and B3 contamination in various foods on the retail market in Japan in 2004 and 2005 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Liver lesions produced by aflatoxins in Rana catesbeiana ( bullfrog ) .
| | Author: Grassi TF Pires PW Barbisan LF Pai-Silva MD Said RA de Camargo JL .
| | Journal: Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16996133 Accession (PMID): 16996133 | | Abstract: This study describes alterations induced in Rana catesbeiana ( bullfrog ) liver after extended dietary exposure to aflatoxins ( AFs ) .
Bullfrogs of both sexes were fed for 120 days a commercial chow blended with a rice bran-based mixture of AFs containing 667 . 0 , 11 . 65 , 141 . 74 , and 3 . 53mg/kg of AFs B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , respectively .
Animals were sacrificed on study days 45 , 90 , and 120 .
Severe and progressive liver lesions with structural collapse , increased hepatocyte and biliary duct cell proliferation , appearance of basophilic hepatocytes , and diffuse scarring , were observed at all time points .
There were no quantitative alterations in the liver melanomacrophage centers of the AFs-exposed animals .
Increased amounts of lipid hydroperoxides , indicative of ongoing oxidative stress , were more evident in the Addutor magnum muscle than in the AFs-damaged livers .
No tumors were found in the R catesbeiana livers after 120 days of exposure to relatively high doses of AFs .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bullfrogs of both sexes were fed for 120 days a commercial chow blended with a rice bran-based mixture of AFs containing 667 . 0 , 11 . 65 , 141 . 74 , and 3 . 53mg/kg of AFs B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , respectively .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Rgs1 regulates multiple Galpha subunits in Magnaporthe pathogenesis , asexual growth and thigmotropism .
| | Author: Liu H Suresh A Willard FS Siderovski DP Lu S Naqvi NI .
| | Journal: EMBO J Citation: V : 26 ( 3 ) P : 690-700 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17255942 Accession (PMID): 17255942 | | Abstract: Regulators of G-protein signaling ( RGS proteins ) negatively regulate heterotrimeric G-protein cascades that enable eukaryotic cells to perceive and respond to external stimuli .
The rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea forms specialized infection structures called appressoria in response to inductive surface cues .
We isolated Magnaporthe RGS1 in a screen for mutants that form precocious appressoria on non-inductive surfaces .
We report that a thigmotropic cue is necessary for initiating appressoria and for accumulating cAMP .
Similar to an RGS1-deletion strain , magA ( G187S ) ( RGS-insensitive Galpha ( s ) ) and magA ( Q208L ) ( GTPase-dead ) mutants accumulated excessive cAMP and elaborated appressoria on non-inductive surfaces , suggesting that Rgs1 regulates MagA during pathogenesis .
Rgs1 was also found to negatively regulate the Galpha ( i ) subunit MagB during asexual development .
Deficiency of MAGB suppressed the hyper-conidiation defect in RGS1-deletion strain , whereas magB ( G183S ) and magB ( Q204L ) mutants produced more conidia , similar to the RGS1-deletion strain .
Rgs1 physically interacted with GDP . AlF ( 4 ) ( - ) -activated forms of MagA , MagB and MagC ( a Galpha ( II ) subunit ) .
Thus , Rgs1 serves as a negative regulator of all Galpha subunits in Magnaporthe and controls important developmental events during asexual and pathogenic development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Similar to an RGS1-deletion strain , magA ( G187S ) ( RGS-insensitive Galpha ( s ) ) and magA ( Q208L ) ( GTPase-dead ) mutants accumulated excessive cAMP and elaborated appressoria on non-inductive surfaces , suggesting that Rgs1 regulates MagA during pathogenesis .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Deficiency of MAGB suppressed the hyper-conidiation defect in RGS1-deletion strain , whereas magB ( G183S ) and magB ( Q204L ) mutants produced more conidia , similar to the RGS1-deletion strain .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins , zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereal grains by immunoaffinity column and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with post-column photochemical derivatization ] | | Author: Li J Yu Y Tian M Wang H Wei F Li L Wang X | | Journal: Citation: V : 24 ( 6 ) P : 581-4 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17288138 Accession (PMID): 17288138 | | Abstract: A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins ( AFs ) ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , zearalenone ( ZEA ) and ochratoxin A ( OTA ) in cereal grains by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up and post-column derivatization .
Cereal grain sample was extracted with methanol-water ( 80 : 20 , v/v ) .
The extract was purified by immunoaffinity column and the toxins were separated by reversed-phase HPLC , and quantified with fluorescence detection after photochemical derivatization .
The separation was performed on a Nova-Pak column ( 3 . 9 mm i . d . x 150 mm , 4 microm , Waters ) with a linear gradient of methanol-acetonitrile-1% phosphoric acid mixture .
The calibration curves for mycotoxins were made in the concentration range of 0 . 24 - 6 . 0 for AFs ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , 4 . 0 - 100 . 0 for ZEA and 0 . 5 - 40 . 0 microg/L for OTA .
Recoveries of the different cereal grains ( wheat , rice , rye ) spiked with mycotoxins at levels ranged from 0 . 24 -1 . 0 microg/kg for AFs ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , 4 . 0 -16 . 0 microg/kg for ZEA and 0 . 5 - 3 . 0 microg/kg for OTA were from 70 . 8% to 94 . 0% and relative standard deviations were between 2 . 79% and 9 . 38% .
The limits of detection were 0 . 24 Rg/kg for AFs ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , 0 . 5 microg/kg for OTA and 4 . 0 microg/kg for ZEA .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins ( AFs ) ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , zearalenone ( ZEA ) and ochratoxin A ( OTA ) in cereal grains by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up and post-column derivatization .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The calibration curves for mycotoxins were made in the concentration range of 0 . 24 - 6 . 0 for AFs ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , 4 . 0 - 100 . 0 for ZEA and 0 . 5 - 40 . 0 microg/L for OTA .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recoveries of the different cereal grains ( wheat , rice , rye ) spiked with mycotoxins at levels ranged from 0 . 24 -1 . 0 microg/kg for AFs ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , 4 . 0 -16 . 0 microg/kg for ZEA and 0 . 5 - 3 . 0 microg/kg for OTA were from 70 . 8% to 94 . 0% and relative standard deviations were between 2 . 79% and 9 . 38% .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The limits of detection were 0 . 24 Rg/kg for AFs ( B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 ) , 0 . 5 microg/kg for OTA and 4 . 0 microg/kg for ZEA .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Simple , rapid , and inexpensive cleanup method for quantitation of aflatoxins in important agricultural products by HPLC .
| | Author: Sobolev VS .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 55 ( 6 ) P : 2136-41 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17319689 Accession (PMID): 17319689 | | Abstract: A chemical cleanup procedure for low-level quantitative determination of aflatoxins in major economically important agricultural commodities using HPLC has been developed .
Aflatoxins were extracted from a ground sample with MeOH/H2O ( 80 : 20 , v/v ) , and after a cleanup step on a minicolumn packed with Florisil , aflatoxins were quantified by HPLC equipped with a C18 column , a photochemical reactor , and a fluorescence detector .
Water/MeOH ( 63 : 37 , v/v ) served as the mobile phase .
Recoveries of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 from peanuts spiked at 5 , 1 . 7 , 5 , and 1 . 7 ng/g were 89 . 5+/-2 . 2 , 94 . 7+/-2 . 5 , 90 . 4+/-1 . 0 , and 98 . 2+/-1 . 1 , respectively ( mean+/-SD , % , n=3 ) .
Similar recoveries , precision , and accuracy were achieved for corn , brown and white rice , cottonseed , almonds , Brazil nuts , pistachios , walnuts , and hazelnuts .
The quantitation limits for aflatoxins in peanuts were 50 pg/g for aflatoxin B1 and 17 pg/g for aflatoxin B2 .
The minimal cost of the minicolumn allows for substantial savings compared with available commercial aflatoxin cleanup devices .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recoveries of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 from peanuts spiked at 5 , 1 . 7 , 5 , and 1 . 7 ng/g were 89 . 5+/-2 . 2 , 94 . 7+/-2 . 5 , 90 . 4+/-1 . 0 , and 98 . 2+/-1 . 1 , respectively ( mean+/-SD , % , n=3 ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Distribution of total aflatoxins in milled fractions of hulled rice .
| | Author: Castells M Ramos AJ Sanchis V Mar S | | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 55 ( 7 ) P : 2760-4 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17348675 Accession (PMID): 17348675 | | Abstract: Two varieties of hulled rice artificially contaminated with aflatoxins at five different levels were processed by dehulling and polishing methods .
Contamination levels ranged from 356 to 818 microg/kg and from 244 to 645 microg/kg in medium and long grain rice , respectively .
After physical processing , four different milled fractions were obtained ( hull , bran , polished broken grains , and polished whole kernels ) .
The fractions were analyzed for total aflatoxins ( B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) .
Aflatoxins were removed in fractions intended for human consumption ( polished broken grains and polished whole kernels ) at rates up to 97% .
They were found throughout all fractions , but higher contamination levels were detected in hull and bran fractions than in unprocessed kernels and polished fractions .
Regardless of the rice variety , the aflatoxin distribution pattern depended on the initial contamination level and type of milled fraction but not on the duration of polishing .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The fractions were analyzed for total aflatoxins ( B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Use of the Mycosep multifunctional cleanup column for liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in agricultural products .
| | Author: Wilson TJ Romer TR .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 74 ( 6 ) P : 951-6 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1757420 Accession (PMID): 1757420 | | Abstract: A liquid chromatographic ( LC ) technique has been developed that uses the Mycosep multifunctional cleanup ( MFC ) column .
MFC columns provide a rapid 1-step extract purification .
They are designed to retain particular groups of compounds that may create interferences in analytical methods .
At the same time , MFC columns allow compounds of interest to pass through .
In the method presented , test samples are extracted in a blender with acetonitrile-water ( 9 + 1 ) .
A portion of the extract is forced through an MFC column designed especially for analysis of numerous mycotoxins .
Analytical interferences are retained , while aflatoxins pass through the column .
Aflatoxins B1 and G1 are converted to their hemiacetals by heating a mixture of purified extract and water-trifluoroacetic acid-acetic acid ( 7 + 2 + 1 ) at 65 degrees C for 8 . 5 min .
An aliquot of this mixture is analyzed by isocratic LC with acetonitrile-water mobile phase and fluorescence detection .
A detection limit of less than 0 . 5 ng/g for aflatoxin B1 was obtained .
Average recoveries greater than 95% total aflatoxins ( B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 ) and coefficients of variation of less than 3% were obtained .
The method was successfully applied to the following commodities : corn , almonds , pista-chios , walnuts , peanuts , Brazil nuts , milo , rice , cottonseed , corn meal , corn gluten meal , fig paste , and mixed feeds . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxins B1 and G1 are converted to their hemiacetals by heating a mixture of purified extract and water-trifluoroacetic acid-acetic acid ( 7 + 2 + 1 ) at 65 degrees C for 8 . 5 min .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Average recoveries greater than 95% total aflatoxins ( B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 ) and coefficients of variation of less than 3% were obtained .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Suppression of RICE TELOMERE BINDING PROTEIN 1 results in severe and gradual developmental defects accompanied by genome instability in rice .
| | Author: Hong JP Byun MY Koo DH An K Bang JW Chung IK An G Kim WT | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 19 P : 1770-81 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17586654 Accession (PMID): 17586654 | | Abstract: Although several potential telomere binding proteins have been identified in higher plants , their in vivo functions are still unknown at the plant level .
Both knockout and antisense mutants of RICE TELOMERE BINDING PROTEIN1 ( RTBP1 ) exhibited markedly longer telomeres relative to those of the wild type , indicating that the amount of functional RTBP1 is inversely correlated with telomere length . rtbp1 plants displayed progressive and severe developmental abnormalities in both germination and postgermination growth of vegetative organs over four generations ( G1 to G4 ) .
Reproductive organ formation , including panicles , stamens , and spikelets , was also gradually and severely impaired in G1 to G4 mutants .
Up to 11 . 4 , 17 . 2 , and 26 . 7% of anaphases in G2 , G3 , and G4 mutant pollen mother cells , respectively , exhibited one or more chromosomal fusions , and this progressively increasing aberrant morphology was correlated with an increased frequency of anaphase bridges containing telomeric repeat DNA .
Furthermore , 35S : anti-RTBP1 plants expressing lower levels of RTBP1 mRNA exhibited developmental phenotypes intermediate between the wild type and mutants in all aspects examined , including telomere length , vegetative and reproductive growth , and degree of genomic anomaly .
These results suggest that RTBP1 plays dual roles in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , as both a negative regulator of telomere length and one of positive and functional components for proper architecture of telomeres .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both knockout and antisense mutants of RICE TELOMERE BINDING PROTEIN1 ( RTBP1 ) exhibited markedly longer telomeres relative to those of the wild type , indicating that the amount of functional RTBP1 is inversely correlated with telomere length . rtbp1 plants displayed progressive and severe developmental abnormalities in both germination and postgermination growth of vegetative organs over four generations ( G1 to G4 ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Reproductive organ formation , including panicles , stamens , and spikelets , was also gradually and severely impaired in G1 to G4 mutants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN 29 from Lilium pollen plays an important role in dynamic actin remodeling .
| | Author: Xiang Y Huang X Wang T Zhang Y Liu Q Hussey PJ Ren H | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 19 P : 1930-46 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17586658 Accession (PMID): 17586658 | | Abstract: Villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily proteins have been shown to function in tip-growing plant cells .
However , genes encoding gelsolin/fragmin do not exist in the Arabidopsis thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa ) databases , and it is possible that these proteins are encoded by villin mRNA splicing variants .
We cloned a 1006-bp full-length cDNA from Lilium longiflorum that encodes a 263-amino acid predicted protein sharing 100% identity with the N terminus of 135-ABP ( Lilium villin ) except for six C-terminal amino acids .
The deduced 29-kD protein , Lilium ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN29 ( ABP29 ) , contains only the G1 and G2 domains and is the smallest identified member of the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily .
The purified recombinant ABP29 accelerates actin nucleation , blocks barbed ends , and severs actin filaments in a Ca ( 2+ ) - and/or phosphatidylinositol 4 , 5-bisphosphate-regulated manner in vitro .
Microinjection of the protein into stamen hair cells disrupted transvacuolar strands whose backbone is mainly actin filament bundles .
Transient expression of ABP29 by microprojectile bombardment of lily pollen resulted in actin filament fragmentation and inhibited pollen germination and tube growth .
Our results suggest that ABP29 is a splicing variant of Lilium villin and a member of the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily , which plays important roles in rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton during pollen germination and tube growth .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced 29-kD protein , Lilium ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN29 ( ABP29 ) , contains only the G1 and G2 domains and is the smallest identified member of the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Rice shaker potassium channel OsKAT1 confers tolerance to salinity stress on yeast and rice cells .
| | Author: Obata T Kitamoto HK Nakamura A Fukuda A Tanaka Y | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 144 P : 1978-85 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17586689 Accession (PMID): 17586689 | | Abstract: We screened a rice ( Oryza sativa L Nipponbare ) full-length cDNA expression library through functional complementation in yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) to find novel cation transporters involved in salt tolerance .
We found that expression of a cDNA clone , encoding the rice homolog of Shaker family K ( + ) channel KAT1 ( OsKAT1 ) , suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19 ( Deltaena1-4 ) , which lacks a major component of Na ( + ) efflux .
It also suppressed a K ( + ) -transport-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162 ( Deltatrk1Deltatrk2 ) , suggesting the enhancement of K ( + ) uptake by OsKAT1 .
By the expression of OsKAT1 , the K ( + ) contents of salt-stressed G19 cells increased during the exponential growth phase .
At the linear phase , however , OsKAT1-expressing G19 cells accumulated less Na ( + ) than nonexpressing cells , but almost the same K ( + ) .
The cellular Na ( + ) to K ( + ) ratio of OsKAT1-expressing G19 cells remained lower than nonexpressing cells under saline conditions .
Rice cells overexpressing OsKAT1 also showed enhanced salt tolerance and increased cellular K ( + ) content .
These functions of OsKAT1 are likely to be common among Shaker K ( + ) channels because OsAKT1 and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) KAT1 were able to complement the salt-sensitive phenotype of G19 as well as OsKAT1 .
The expression of OsKAT1 was restricted to internodes and rachides of wild-type rice , whereas other Shaker family genes were expressed in various organs .
These results suggest that OsKAT1 is involved in salt tolerance of rice in cooperation with other K ( + ) channels by participating in maintenance of cytosolic cation homeostasis during salt stress and thus protects cells from Na ( + ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found that expression of a cDNA clone , encoding the rice homolog of Shaker family K ( + ) channel KAT1 ( OsKAT1 ) , suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19 ( Deltaena1-4 ) , which lacks a major component of Na ( + ) efflux .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: By the expression of OsKAT1 , the K ( + ) contents of salt-stressed G19 cells increased during the exponential growth phase .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: At the linear phase , however , OsKAT1-expressing G19 cells accumulated less Na ( + ) than nonexpressing cells , but almost the same K ( + ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cellular Na ( + ) to K ( + ) ratio of OsKAT1-expressing G19 cells remained lower than nonexpressing cells under saline conditions .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: These functions of OsKAT1 are likely to be common among Shaker K ( + ) channels because OsAKT1 and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) KAT1 were able to complement the salt-sensitive phenotype of G19 as well as OsKAT1 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Mutagenesis study of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein 2 reveals residues that contribute to structure and ligand binding .
| | Author: Cheng CS Chen MN Lai YT Chen T Lin KF Liu YJ Lyu PC | | Journal: Proteins Citation: V : 70 P : 695-706 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17729272 Accession (PMID): 17729272 | | Abstract: Plant nonspecific lipid transfer protein 2 ( nsLTP2 ) is a small ( 7 kDa ) protein that binds lipid-like ligands .
An inner hydrophobic cavity surrounded by alpha-helices is the defining structural feature of nsLTP2 .
Although nsLTP2 structures have been reported earlier , the detailed mechanisms of ligand binding and lipid transfer remain unclear .
In this study , we used site-directed mutagenesis to determine the role of various hydrophobic residues ( L8 , I15 , F36 , F39 , Y45 , Y48 , and V49 ) in the structure , stability , ligand binding , and lipid transfer activity of rice nsLTP2 .
Three single mutations ( L8A , F36A , and V49A ) drastically alter the native tertiary structure and perturb ligand binding and lipid transfer activity .
Therefore , these three residues are structurally important .
The Y45A mutant , however , retains a native-like structure but has decreased lipid binding affinity and lipid transfer activity , implying that this aromatic residue is critical for these biological functions .
The mutants , I15A and Y48A , exhibit quite different ligand binding affinities .
Y48 is involved in planar sterol binding but not linear lysophospholipid association .
As for I15A , it had the highest dehydroergosterol binding affinity in spite of the lower lipid binding and transfer abilities .
Our results suggest that the long alkyl side chain of I15 would restrict the flexibility of loop I ( G13-A19 ) for sterol entry .
Finally , F39A can markedly increase the exposed hydrophobic surface to maintain its transfer efficiency despite reduced ligand binding affinity .
These findings suggest that the residues forming the hydrophobic cavity play various important roles in the structure and function of rice nsLTP2 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results suggest that the long alkyl side chain of I15 would restrict the flexibility of loop I ( G13-A19 ) for sterol entry .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Occurrence of aflatoxins in parboiled rice in Sri Lanka .
| | Author: Bandara JM Vithanege AK Bean GA .
| | Journal: Mycopathologia Citation: V : 116 ( 2 ) P : 65-70 Year: 1991 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1779999 Accession (PMID): 1779999 | | Abstract: In Sri Lanka , rice is the main staple which is mostly processed into parboiled rice .
The levels of aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) and aflatoxin G1 ( AFG1 ) in parboiled and raw milled rice collected from major rice producing areas and rice consuming townships were estimated .
In almost all the samples of parboiled rice examined , the AFB1 and AFG1 contents were significantly higher than in raw milled rice .
The highest AFB1 content was 185 micrograms/kg and AFG1 content 963 micrograms/kg .
These samples were collected from a major rice producing/milling district where the mean relative humidity is 78% and mean annual temperature 27 degrees C which is the highest amongst the rice growing areas in Sri Lanka .
Raw rice was either free of aflatoxins or when toxins were detected , they occurred in less than 10% of the samples .
The frequency of occurrence of surface fungal flora ( Aspergillus/Penicillium ) and aflatoxin content in market samples was closely related .
Brownish or greenish moldly rice samples with fermented odour contained over 1000 micrograms/kg of AFB1 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The levels of aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) and aflatoxin G1 ( AFG1 ) in parboiled and raw milled rice collected from major rice producing areas and rice consuming townships were estimated .
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| Title: Mycotoxins in rice .
| | Author: Tanaka K Sago Y Zheng Y Nakagawa H Kushiro M | | Journal: Int J Food Microbiol Citation: V : 119 P : 59-66 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17913273 Accession (PMID): 17913273 | | Abstract: Mycotoxin contamination in rice is usually lower as in wheat or corn .
However , there are some reports that rice has been contaminated with mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , G2 ( AFS ) , citrinin , deoxynivalenol ( DON ) , fumonisin B1 , B2 , B3 ( FMS ) , fusarenon-X ( Fus . -X ) , nivalenol ( NIV ) , ochratoxin A ( OTA ) , sterigmatocystin ( STE ) , and zearalenone .
Rice in Japan is preserved in warehouses where moisture content and temperature are regulated .
Therefore , mycotoxin contamination from post harvest fungal growth occurs very seldom .
Trichothecenes , aflatoxins , and STE in rice were recently analyzed in our laboratory .
In 1998 , a typhoon struck before rice harvesting in Japan , and the unpolished rice was found to be stained brown .
Samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of trichothecenes .
Mycotoxins DON , Fus . -X , and NIV were detected and confirmed with GC-MS .
The quantity of trichothecenes was determined using GC-ECD .
STE is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus versicolor and some other fungi .
STE contamination of rice was studied in our laboratory since 1973 .
GC-MS , LC-MS , LC-MS/MS , and LC-UV methods for STE determination were examined , giving good results for the LC-UV method using a photo diode array detector .
Different techniques for the extraction of STE from rice were also studied .
Finally , brown rice was ground , and the ground rice was extracted with acetonitrile-water .
An Autoprep MF-A 1000 column was used to clean up AFS and STE .
The cleaned-up extract was analyzed with HPLC-UV .
Forty-eight brown rice samples were analyzed , and none of them were contaminated with STE .
These rice samples were also analyzed for AFS and FMS , and none of the samples were contaminated .
The Ministry of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries in Japan is making the appropriate Institutes develop analytical methods for mycotoxins and survey mycotoxin contamination on rice as well as wheat , corn , and some other cereals .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , there are some reports that rice has been contaminated with mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , G2 ( AFS ) , citrinin , deoxynivalenol ( DON ) , fumonisin B1 , B2 , B3 ( FMS ) , fusarenon-X ( Fus . -X ) , nivalenol ( NIV ) , ochratoxin A ( OTA ) , sterigmatocystin ( STE ) , and zearalenone .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Genomic organization and evolutionary conservation of plant D-type cyclins .
| | Author: Menges M Pavesi G Morandini P Bogre L Murray JA | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 145 P : 1558-76 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17951462 Accession (PMID): 17951462 | | Abstract: Plants contain more genes encoding core cell cycle regulators than other organisms but it is unclear whether these represent distinct functions .
D-type cyclins ( CYCD ) play key roles in the G1-to-S-phase transition , and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) contains 10 CYCD genes in seven defined subgroups , six of which are conserved in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
Here , we identify 22 CYCD genes in the poplar ( Populus trichocarpa ) genome and confirm that these six CYCD subgroups are conserved across higher plants , suggesting subgroup-specific functions .
Different subgroups show gene number increases , with CYCD3 having three members in Arabidopsis , six in poplar , and a single representative in rice .
All three species contain a single CYCD7 gene .
Despite low overall sequence homology , we find remarkable conservation of intron/exon boundaries , because in most CYCD genes of plants and mammals , the first exon ends in the conserved cyclin signature .
Only CYCD3 genes contain the complete cyclin box in a single exon , and this structure is conserved across angiosperms , again suggesting an early origin for the subgroup .
The single CYCD gene of moss has a gene structure closely related to those of higher plants , sharing an identical exon/intron structure with several higher plant subgroups .
However , green algae have CYCD genes structurally unrelated to higher plants .
Conservation is also observed in the location of potential cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation sites within CYCD proteins .
Subgroup structure is supported by conserved regulatory elements , particularly in the eudicot species , including conserved E2F regulatory sites within CYCD3 promoters .
Global expression correlation analysis further supports distinct expression patterns for CYCD subgroups .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: D-type cyclins ( CYCD ) play key roles in the G1-to-S-phase transition , and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) contains 10 CYCD genes in seven defined subgroups , six of which are conserved in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
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| Title: The GID1-mediated gibberellin perception mechanism is conserved in the Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii but not in the Bryophyte Physcomitrella patens .
| | Author: Hirano K Nakajima M Asano K Nishiyama T Sakakibara H Kojima M Katoh E Xiang H Tanahashi T Hasebe M Banks JA Ashikari M Kitano H Ueguchi-Tanaka M Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 19 P : 3058-79 Year: 2007 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17965273 Accession (PMID): 17965273 | | Abstract: In rice ( Oryza sativa ) and Arabidopsis thaliana , gibberellin ( GA ) signaling is mediated by GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 ( GID1 ) and DELLA proteins in collaboration with a GA-specific F-box protein .
To explore when plants evolved the ability to perceive GA by the GID1/DELLA pathway , we examined these GA signaling components in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens .
An in silico search identified several homologs of GID1 , DELLA , and GID2 , a GA-specific F-box protein in rice , in both species .
Sm GID1a and Sm GID1b , GID1 proteins from S moellendorffii , showed GA binding activity in vitro and interacted with DELLA proteins from S moellendorffii in a GA-dependent manner in yeast Introduction of constitutively expressed Sm GID1a , Sm G1D1b , and Sm GID2a transgenes rescued the dwarf phenotype of rice gid1 and gid2 mutants .
Furthermore , treatment with GA ( 4 ) , a major GA in S moellendorffii , caused downregulation of Sm GID1b , Sm GA20 oxidase , and Sm GA3 oxidase and degradation of the Sm DELLA1 protein .
These results demonstrate that the homologs of GID1 , DELLA , and GID2 work in a similar manner in S moellendorffii and in flowering plants .
Biochemical studies revealed that Sm GID1s have different GA binding properties from GID1s in flowering plants .
No evidence was found for the functional conservation of these genes in P patens , indicating that GID1/DELLA-mediated GA signaling , if present , differs from that in vascular plants .
Our results suggest that GID1/DELLA-mediated GA signaling appeared after the divergence of vascular plants from the moss lineage .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sm GID1a and Sm GID1b , GID1 proteins from S moellendorffii , showed GA binding activity in vitro and interacted with DELLA proteins from S moellendorffii in a GA-dependent manner in yeast Introduction of constitutively expressed Sm GID1a , Sm G1D1b , and Sm GID2a transgenes rescued the dwarf phenotype of rice gid1 and gid2 mutants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Catalytic function of the PR-Set7 histone H4 lysine 20 monomethyltransferase is essential for mitotic entry and genomic stability .
| | Author: Houston SI McManus KJ Adams MM Sims JK Carpenter PB Hendzel MJ Rice JC | | Journal: J Biol Chem Citation: V : 283 P : 19478-88 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18480059 Accession (PMID): 18480059 | | Abstract: Histone-modifying enzymes play a critical role in modulating chromatin dynamics .
In this report we demonstrate that one of these enzymes , PR-Set7 , and its corresponding histone modification , the monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 ( H4K20 ) , display a distinct cell cycle profile in mammalian cells : low at G1 , increased during late S phase and G2 , and maximal from prometaphase to anaphase .
The lack of PR-Set7 and monomethylated H4K20 resulted in a number of aberrant phenotypes in several different mammalian cell types .
These include the inability of cells to progress past G2 , global chromosome condensation failure , aberrant centrosome amplification , and substantial DNA damage .
By employing a catalytically dead dominant negative PR-Set7 mutant , we discovered that its mono-methyltransferase activity was required to prevent these phenotypes .
Importantly , we demonstrate that all of the aberrant phenotypes associated with the loss of PR-Set7 enzymatic function occur independently of p53 .
Collectively , our findings demonstrate that PR-Set7 enzymatic activity is essential for mammalian cell cycle progression and for the maintenance of genomic stability , most likely by monomethylating histone H4K20 .
Our results predict that alterations of this pathway could result in gross chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this report we demonstrate that one of these enzymes , PR-Set7 , and its corresponding histone modification , the monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 ( H4K20 ) , display a distinct cell cycle profile in mammalian cells : low at G1 , increased during late S phase and G2 , and maximal from prometaphase to anaphase .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Screening of Aflatoxins and Zearalenone in feedstuffs and complete feeds for pigs in Southern Vietnam .
| | Author: Thieu NQ Ogle B Pettersson H | | Journal: Trop Anim Health Prod Citation: V : 40 P : 77-83 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18551782 Accession (PMID): 18551782 | | Abstract: A survey ofaflatoxins and zearalenone ( ZEA ) in 120 samples , including cassava chip ( 12 ) , maize ( 12 ) , rice bran ( 24 ) , broken rice ( 24 ) , and complete feeds for growing pigs ( 24 ) and sows ( 24 ) was carried out in southern Vietnam .
Aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) , B2 ( AFB2 ) , G1 ( AFG1 ) and G2 ( AFG2 ) were determined by an HPLC method using an immunoaffinity column for clean-up .
Zearalenone was analysed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA ) AgraQuant .
High incidences of aflatoxins and ZEA in feedstuffs and pig feeds ( 83 . 3%-100% ) were detected .
Aflatoxins and ZEA were detected in all commodities analyzed .
Aflatoxin B1 was found in 100 , 92 , 92 , 83 , 100 and 96% , respectively , of samples of cassava chip , maize , rice bran , broken rice , and complete feeds for growing pigs and sows , with mean concentrations of 0 . 86 , 77 . 5 , 1 . 3 , 1 . 6 , 4 . 7 and 7 . 5 microg/kg , respectively .
AFB2 and AFG1 were found in low concentrations and co-occurred with AFB1 in all samples where they were found .
ZEA was detected in 8% , 33% , 36% , 21% , 67% and 67% , respectively , of the samples of cassava chip , maize , rice bran , broken rice , and complete feeds for growing pigs and sows , with average concentrations of 10 . 0 , 163 . 5 , 83 . 1 , 31 . 4 , 86 . 0 and 101 . 4 microg/kg , respectively .
The high incidence of mycotoxins found in feedstuffs highlights the need for periodic monitoring and prevention ofmycotoxins , not only in feeds , but also in food for human consumption .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) , B2 ( AFB2 ) , G1 ( AFG1 ) and G2 ( AFG2 ) were determined by an HPLC method using an immunoaffinity column for clean-up .
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| Title: Cyclin D1 downregulation is important for permanent cell cycle exit and initiation of differentiation induced by anchorage-deprivation in human keratinocytes .
| | Author: Nishi K Inoue H Schnier JB Rice RH | | Journal: J Cell Biochem Citation: V : 106 P : 63-72 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19021145 Accession (PMID): 19021145 | | Abstract: To understand the relationship between permanent cell cycle exit and differentiation the immortalized keratinocyte cell line , SIK and the squamous cell carcinoma , SCC9 were compared during differentiation induced by anchorage-deprivation .
The SIK cells when placed in suspension culture promptly lost almost all ability to reinitiate growth by 2 days concomitantly expressing the differentiation specific proteins , transglutaminase ( TGK ) and involucrin .
These cells rapidly underwent G1 cell cycle arrest with complete disappearance of phosphorylated RB .
In contrast SCC9 cells neither showed TGK expression nor increase in involucrin .
They decreased their colony-forming ability much more slowly , which coordinated well with a gradual decrease in phosphorylated RB , demonstrating the significant resistance to loss of colony-forming ability and cell cycle exit .
In accordance , cyclin D1 , a positive regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase ( CDK ) 4/6 which phosphorylates RB decreased drastically in anchorage deprived SIK but not in SCC9 cells .
Endogenous cyclin D1 knockdown in SCC9 cells by siRNA enhanced loss of the colony-forming ability during anchorage-deprivation .
Conversely enforced expression of cyclin D1 in SIK cells and in another immortalized keratinocyte cell line , HaCaT , partly prevented loss of their colony-forming abilities .
Cyclin D1 overexpression antagonized Keratin 10 expression in suspended HaCaT cells .
The result demonstrates the importance of cyclin D1 down regulation for proper initiation of keratinocyte differentiation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: These cells rapidly underwent G1 cell cycle arrest with complete disappearance of phosphorylated RB .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Molecular cloning of the gene for plant proliferating-cell nuclear antigen and expression of this gene during the cell cycle in synchronized cultures of Catharanthus roseus cells .
| | Author: Kodama H Ito M Ohnishi N Suzuka I Komamine A | | Journal: Eur .
J Biochem .
Citation: V : 197 ( 2 ) P : 495-503 Year: 1991 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1902790 Accession (PMID): 1902790 | | Abstract: A cDNA library was screened for plant proliferating-cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) from Catharanthus roseus ( periwinkle ) .
A lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed using poly ( A ) -rich RNA isolated from the cells in the S phase .
A cDNA clone for PCNA was isolated by using a rice genomic clone , pCJ-1 , which contains PCNA-related gene sequences .
The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 804 nucleotides , encoding a protein of 268 amino acids with a molecular mass of 29 , 765 Da .
When conservative substitutions were included , a high degree of similarity ( about 85% ) was observed between the predicted amino acid sequence of periwinkle PCNA and that of human PCNA .
Expression of mRNA for periwinkle PCNA was undetectable or very weak in quiescent cells , such as phosphate-starved cells , auxin-starved cells and cells in the stationary phase .
In the synchronous progression of the cell cycle induced by the addition of phosphate or auxin , the active accumulation of periwinkle PCNA mRNA was observed preferentially in the S phase .
When an inhibitor of DNA synthesis , aphidicolin , was added to the cells at the G1 phase , an increase in the level of PCNA mRNA was observed .
The partial inhibition of protein synthesis at the G1 phase by a protein inhibitor , anisomycin , caused the arrest of cells in the G1 phase .
No increase of the level of periwinkle PCNA mRNA was observed in cells arrested at the G1 phase by the inhibition of protein synthesis .
These results indicate that the induction of mRNA for periwinkle PCNA occurred independently of the initiation of DNA replication , but that synthesis of certain proteins at the G1 phase was required for the induction of periwinkle PCNA mRNA at the S phase .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The partial inhibition of protein synthesis at the G1 phase by a protein inhibitor , anisomycin , caused the arrest of cells in the G1 phase .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: When an inhibitor of DNA synthesis , aphidicolin , was added to the cells at the G1 phase , an increase in the level of PCNA mRNA was observed .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: No increase of the level of periwinkle PCNA mRNA was observed in cells arrested at the G1 phase by the inhibition of protein synthesis .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that the induction of mRNA for periwinkle PCNA occurred independently of the initiation of DNA replication , but that synthesis of certain proteins at the G1 phase was required for the induction of periwinkle PCNA mRNA at the S phase .
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