| 14 matches found in 10 documents. Search time: 0.59 seconds. |
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| Title: Biosynthesis of gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi : biomolecular aspects .
| | Author: Tudzynski B | | Journal: Appl . Microbiol . Biotechnol . Citation: V : 52 ( 3 ) P : 298-310 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10531641 Accession (PMID): 10531641 | | Abstract: Gibberellins ( GAs ) are a large family of isoprenoid plant hormones hormones , some of which are bioactive growth regulators , controlling seed germination , stem elongation , and flowering .
The rice pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi ( mating population C ) is able to produce large amounts of GAs , especially the bioactive compounds gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) and its precursors , GA4 and GA7 .
The main steps of the biosynthetic pathway have long been established from the identification of intermediates in wild-type G fujikuroi and mutant strains .
However , the genetics of the fungus have been rather under-developed , and molecular genetic studies of the GA pathway started just recently .
The progress in researching GA biosynthesis in the last 2 years resulted primarily from development of the molecular tools , eg transformation systems for the fungus , and cloning the genes encoding GA biosynthesis enzymes , such as the bifunctional ent-copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase and several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases .
The availability of these genes opened new horizons both for detailed study of the pathway and the regulation mechanisms at the molecular level , and for modern strain improvement programs .
This review gives a short overview of the well-known physiological and biochemical studies and concentrates mainly on the new molecular genetic data from GA research , including new information on the regulation of GA biosynthesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gibberellins ( GAs ) are a large family of isoprenoid plant hormones hormones , some of which are bioactive growth regulators , controlling seed germination , stem elongation , and flowering . The rice pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi ( mating population C ) is able to produce large amounts of GAs , especially the bioactive compounds gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) and its precursors , GA4 and GA7 . The main steps of the biosynthetic pathway have long been established from the identification of intermediates in wild-type G fujikuroi and mutant strains . However , the genetics of the fungus have been rather under-developed , and molecular genetic studies of the GA pathway started just recently . The progress in researching GA biosynthesis in the last 2 years resulted primarily from development of the molecular tools , eg transformation systems for the fungus , and cloning the genes encoding GA biosynthesis enzymes , such as the bifunctional ent-copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase and several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases . The availability of these genes opened new horizons both for detailed study of the pathway and the regulation mechanisms at the molecular level , and for modern strain improvement programs .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Metabolism and Biological Activity of Gibberellin A4 in Vegetative Shoots of Zea mays , Oryza sativa , and Arabidopsis thaliana .
| | Author: Kobayashi M Gaskin P Spray CR Suzuki Y Phinney BO MacMillan J | | Journal: Citation: V : 102 ( 2 ) P : 379-386 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12231829 Accession (PMID): 12231829 | | Abstract: [ 17-13C , 3H ] Gibberellin A4 ( GA4 ) was injected into the shoots of tall ( W23/L317 ) , dwarf-1 ( d1 ) , and dwarf-5 ( d5 ) Zea mays L ( maize ) ; tall ( cv Nipponbare ) , dwarf-x ( dx ) , and dwarf-y ( dy ) Oryza sativa L ( rice ) ; and tall ( ecotype Landsberg erecta ) , ga4 , and ga5 Arabidopsis thaliana ( L ) Heynh .
[ 13C ] GA4 and its metabolites were identified from the shoots by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices .
GA4 was metabolized to GA1 in all nine genotypes .
GA4 was also metabolized in some of the genotypes to 3-epi-GA1 , GA2 , 2 [ beta ] -OH-GA2 , 3-epi-GA2 , endo-GA4 , 16 [ alpha ] , 17-H2-16 , 17- ( OH ) 2-GA4 , GA34 , endo-GA34 , GA58 , 15-epi-GA63 , GA71 , and 16-epi-GA82 .
No evidence was found for the metabolism of GA4 to GA7 or of GA4 to GA3 .
The bioactivities of GA4 and GA1 were determined using the six dwarf mutants for assay .
GA4 and GA1 had similar activities for the maize and rice mutants .
For the Arabidopsis mutants , GA4 was more active than GA1 at low dosages ; GA4 was less active than GA1 at higher dosages . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ 17-13C , 3H ] Gibberellin A4 ( GA4 ) was injected into the shoots of tall ( W23/L317 ) , dwarf-1 ( d1 ) , and dwarf-5 ( d5 ) Zea mays L ( maize ) ; tall ( cv Nipponbare ) , dwarf-x ( dx ) , and dwarf-y ( dy ) Oryza sativa L ( rice ) ; and tall ( ecotype Landsberg erecta ) , ga4 , and ga5 Arabidopsis thaliana ( L ) Heynh . [ 13C ] GA4 and its metabolites were identified from the shoots by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices . GA4 was metabolized to GA1 in all nine genotypes . GA4 was also metabolized in some of the genotypes to 3-epi-GA1 , GA2 , 2 [ beta ] -OH-GA2 , 3-epi-GA2 , endo-GA4 , 16 [ alpha ] , 17-H2-16 , 17- ( OH ) 2-GA4 , GA34 , endo-GA34 , GA58 , 15-epi-GA63 , GA71 , and 16-epi-GA82 . No evidence was found for the metabolism of GA4 to GA7 or of GA4 to GA3 . The bioactivities of GA4 and GA1 were determined using the six dwarf mutants for assay . GA4 and GA1 had similar activities for the maize and rice mutants . For the Arabidopsis mutants , GA4 was more active than GA1 at low dosages ; GA4 was less active than GA1 at higher dosages .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ 17-13C , 3H ] Gibberellin A4 ( GA4 ) was injected into the shoots of tall ( W23/L317 ) , dwarf-1 ( d1 ) , and dwarf-5 ( d5 ) Zea mays L ( maize ) ; tall ( cv Nipponbare ) , dwarf-x ( dx ) , and dwarf-y ( dy ) Oryza sativa L ( rice ) ; and tall ( ecotype Landsberg erecta ) , ga4 , and ga5 Arabidopsis thaliana ( L ) Heynh . [ 13C ] GA4 and its metabolites were identified from the shoots by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices . GA4 was metabolized to GA1 in all nine genotypes . GA4 was also metabolized in some of the genotypes to 3-epi-GA1 , GA2 , 2 [ beta ] -OH-GA2 , 3-epi-GA2 , endo-GA4 , 16 [ alpha ] , 17-H2-16 , 17- ( OH ) 2-GA4 , GA34 , endo-GA34 , GA58 , 15-epi-GA63 , GA71 , and 16-epi-GA82 . No evidence was found for the metabolism of GA4 to GA7 or of GA4 to GA3 . The bioactivities of GA4 and GA1 were determined using the six dwarf mutants for assay . GA4 and GA1 had similar activities for the maize and rice mutants . For the Arabidopsis mutants , GA4 was more active than GA1 at low dosages ; GA4 was less active than GA1 at higher dosages .
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| Title: Plant growth promotion and Penicillium citrinum .
| | Author: Afzal Khan S Hamayun M Yoon H Kim HY Suh SJ Hwang SK Kim JM Lee IJ Choo YS Yoon UH Kong WS Lee BM Kim JG | | Journal: BMC Microbiol Citation: V : 8 P : 231 Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19099608 Accession (PMID): 19099608 | | Abstract: ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND : Endophytic fungi are known plant symbionts .
They produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and survival , as well as defend their hosts from attack of certain pathogens .
Coastal dunes are nutrient deficient and offer harsh , saline environment for the existing flora and fauna .
Endophytic fungi may play an important role in plant survival by enhancing nutrient uptake and producing growth promoting metabolites such as gibberellins and auxins .
We screened roots of Ixeris repenes ( L ) AGray , a common dune plant , for the isolation of gibberellin secreting endophytic fungi .
RESULTS : We isolated 15 endophytic fungi from the roots of Ixeris repenes and screened them for growth promoting secondary metabolites .
The fungal isolate IR-3-3 gave maximum plant growth when applied to waito-c rice and Atriplex gemelinii seedlings .
Analysis of the culture filtrate of IR-3-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins , GA1 , GA3 , GA4 and GA7 ( 1 . 95 ng / ml , 3 . 83 ng/ml , 6 . 03 ng / ml and 2 . 35 ng / ml , respectively ) along with other physiologically inactive GA5 , GA9 , GA12 , GA15 , GA19 , GA20 and , GA24 .
The plant growth promotion and gibberellin producing capacity of IR-3-3 was much higher than the wild type Gibberella fujikuroi , which was taken as control during present study .
GA5 , a precursor of bioactive GA3 was reported for the first time in fungi .
The fungal isolate IR-3-3 was identified as a new strain of Penicillium citrinum ( Lab Name P citrinum KGL02 ) through molecular phylogenetics approach .
CONCLUSIONS : Isolation of new strain of Penicillium citrinum from the sand dune flora is interesting as information on the presence of Pencillium species in coastal sand dunes is limited .
The plant growth promoting ability of this fungal strain may help in conservation and revegetation of the rapidly eroding sand dune flora .
Penicillium citrinum is already known for producing mycotoxin citrinin and cellulose digesting enzymes like cellulase and endoglucanase , as well as xylulase .
Gibberellins producing ability of this fungus and the discovery about the presence of GA5 will open new aspects of research and investigations .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Endophytic fungi may play an important role in plant survival by enhancing nutrient uptake and producing growth promoting metabolites such as gibberellins and auxins . We screened roots of Ixeris repenes ( L ) AGray , a common dune plant , for the isolation of gibberellin secreting endophytic fungi . RESULTS : We isolated 15 endophytic fungi from the roots of Ixeris repenes and screened them for growth promoting secondary metabolites . The fungal isolate IR-3-3 gave maximum plant growth when applied to waito-c rice and Atriplex gemelinii seedlings . Analysis of the culture filtrate of IR-3-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins , GA1 , GA3 , GA4 and GA7 ( 1 . 95 ng / ml , 3 . 83 ng/ml , 6 . 03 ng / ml and 2 . 35 ng / ml , respectively ) along with other physiologically inactive GA5 , GA9 , GA12 , GA15 , GA19 , GA20 and , GA24 . The plant growth promotion and gibberellin producing capacity of IR-3-3 was much higher than the wild type Gibberella fujikuroi , which was taken as control during present study . GA5 , a precursor of bioactive GA3 was reported for the first time in fungi . The fungal isolate IR-3-3 was identified as a new strain of Penicillium citrinum ( Lab Name P citrinum KGL02 ) through molecular phylogenetics approach . CONCLUSIONS : Isolation of new strain of Penicillium citrinum from the sand dune flora is interesting as information on the presence of Pencillium species in coastal sand dunes is limited .
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| Title: Gibberellin production and plant growth enhancement by newly isolated strain of Scolecobasidium tshawytschae .
| | Author: Hamayun M Khan SA Kim HY Chaudhary MF Hwang YH Shin DH Kim IK Lee BH Lee IJ | | Journal: J Microbiol Biotechnol Citation: V : 19 P : 560-5 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19597313 Accession (PMID): 19597313 | | Abstract: We isolated nine endophytic fungi from the roots of saltstressed soybean cultivar Daewonkong and screened them for growth-promoting secondary metabolites .
Of all fungal isolates , P-4-3 induced maximum growth promotion of waito-c rice and soybean .
Analysis of the culture filtrate of P-4-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins GA1 , GA3 , GA4 , and GA7 , along with physiologically inactive GA15 and GA24 .
The plant growth promotion and gibberellinproducing capacity of P-4-3 was much higher than wildtype Gibberella fujikuroi , which was taken as the control during the present study .
The fungal isolate P-4-3 was identified as a new strain of Scolecobasidium tshawytschae through the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence .
Gibberellins production and plant growth promoting ability of genus Scolecobasidium was reported for the first time in the present study .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We isolated nine endophytic fungi from the roots of saltstressed soybean cultivar Daewonkong and screened them for growth-promoting secondary metabolites . Of all fungal isolates , P-4-3 induced maximum growth promotion of waito-c rice and soybean . Analysis of the culture filtrate of P-4-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins GA1 , GA3 , GA4 , and GA7 , along with physiologically inactive GA15 and GA24 . The plant growth promotion and gibberellinproducing capacity of P-4-3 was much higher than wildtype Gibberella fujikuroi , which was taken as the control during the present study . The fungal isolate P-4-3 was identified as a new strain of Scolecobasidium tshawytschae through the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence . Gibberellins production and plant growth promoting ability of genus Scolecobasidium was reported for the first time in the present study .
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| Title: Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium produces gibberellins and promotes plant growth .
| | Author: Hamayun M Khan SA Iqbal I Na CI Khan AL Hwang YH Lee BH Lee IJ | | Journal: J Microbiol Citation: V : 47 P : 425-30 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19763416 Accession (PMID): 19763416 | | Abstract: We isolated 10 endophytic fungi from the roots of drought stressed soybean cultivar Hwangkeumkong and bioassayed on waito-c rice and soybean seedlings , in order to identify plant growth-promoting fungi .
The fungal isolate D-2-1 provided the best result for plant height and biomass promotion as compared to wild type Gibberella fujikuroi .
The D-2-1 culture filtrate ( CF ) was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins ( GAs ) and it was observed that all physiologically active GAs , especially gibberellic acid , were present in higher amounts ( GA1 , 0 . 24 ng/ml ; GA3 , 8 . 99 ng/ml ; GA4 , 2 . 58 ng/ml and GA7 , 1 . 39 ng/ml ) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA5 , GA9 , GA15 , GA19 , and GA24 .
The fungal isolate D-2-1 was identified as a new strain of Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium through phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence .
Plant growth promotion and GAs production capacity of genus Chrysosporium have been reported for the first time in this study .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We isolated 10 endophytic fungi from the roots of drought stressed soybean cultivar Hwangkeumkong and bioassayed on waito-c rice and soybean seedlings , in order to identify plant growth-promoting fungi . The fungal isolate D-2-1 provided the best result for plant height and biomass promotion as compared to wild type Gibberella fujikuroi . The D-2-1 culture filtrate ( CF ) was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins ( GAs ) and it was observed that all physiologically active GAs , especially gibberellic acid , were present in higher amounts ( GA1 , 0 . 24 ng/ml ; GA3 , 8 . 99 ng/ml ; GA4 , 2 . 58 ng/ml and GA7 , 1 . 39 ng/ml ) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA5 , GA9 , GA15 , GA19 , and GA24 . The fungal isolate D-2-1 was identified as a new strain of Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium through phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence . Plant growth promotion and GAs production capacity of genus Chrysosporium have been reported for the first time in this study .
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