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| Title: Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among Chinese rice-granary workers .
| | Author: Ye TT Huang JX Shen YE Lu PL Christiani DC .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 4 ( 3 ) P : 155-9 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10026476 Accession (PMID): 10026476 | | Abstract: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 474 rice-granary workers and 235 non-granary worker controls in a rural area near Shanghai , the Peoples Republic of China .
Responses to a respiratory-symptom questionnaire and pre and post-shift spirometry were obtained for all subjects .
Area sampling was performed for total and vertically elutriated ( suggest that exposure to rice dust can induce pulmonary responses similar to those observed with exposures to other types of grains . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: 4 mg/m ( 3 ) . The granary workers reported significantly more respiratory symptoms , including chronic cough , sputum production , chronic bronchitis , grain fever ( ODTS ) , and nasal and skin irritation . Grain dust and tobacco smoking were more than additive for the prevalence of chronic cough and chronic bronchitis . After adjusting for confounders , the granary workers had lower mean FEV&inf1 ; /FVC values both pre and post-shift , indicating an association between chronic grain-dust exposure and chronic airway obstruction . The results suggest that exposure to rice dust can induce pulmonary responses similar to those observed with exposures to other types of grains .
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| Title: Evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass shown by reverse transcriptase domain analysis .
| | Author: Matsuoka Y Tsunewaki K | | Journal: Mol . Biol . Evol Citation: V : 16 ( 2 ) P : 208-17 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028288 Accession (PMID): 10028288 | | Abstract: The evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass were examined by reverse transcriptase ( RT ) domain analysis .
Twenty-three rice RT sequences were newly determined for this report .
Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 .
Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species , indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species .
Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution .
Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species .
Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family , indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 . Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species , indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species . Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution . Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species . Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family , indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains .
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| Title: Gene cloning and expression of cytosolic glutathione reductase in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Kaminaka H Morita S Nakajima M Masumura T Tanaka K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 39 ( 12 ) P : 1269-80 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10050312 Accession (PMID): 10050312 | | Abstract: We have isolated a cDNA ( RGRC2 ) encoding glutathione reductase ( GR ) from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
The comparison of deduced amino acid sequences from RGRC2 and other plant GR cDNAs indicated that RGRC2 encodes a putative cytosolic isoform .
The recombinant RGRC2 protein had enzymatic properties comparable to those of GR from rice embryo .
Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol . mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf it issues .
Southern blot analysis showed that the RGRC2 gene exists as a single copy gene .
Here , we have also isolated a genomic clone completely corresponding to RGRC2 .
The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7 . 4 kb of chromosomal DNA , with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon .
From the presence of two ABA-responsive elements in the 5-flanking region of RGRC2 , we examined the expression in rice seedlings treated with ABA and the ABA-related environmental stresses , chilling , drought and salinity .
The expression of RGRC2 was strongly induced by all these treatments .
We suggest that the expression of the rice cytosolic GR gene is regulated via ABA-mediated signal transduction pathway under environmental stresses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here , we have also isolated a genomic clone completely corresponding to RGRC2 . The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7 . 4 kb of chromosomal DNA , with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon . From the presence of two ABA-responsive elements in the 5-flanking region of RGRC2 , we examined the expression in rice seedlings treated with ABA and the ABA-related environmental stresses , chilling , drought and salinity . The expression of RGRC2 was strongly induced by all these treatments . We suggest that the expression of the rice cytosolic GR gene is regulated via ABA-mediated signal transduction pathway under environmental stresses .
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| Title: A "defeated" rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| | Author: Li ZK Luo LJ Mei HW Paterson AH Zhao XH Zhong DB Wang YP Yu XQ Zhu L Tabien R Stansel JW Ying CS .
| | Journal: Mol . Gen . Genet . Citation: V : 261 ( 1 ) P : 58-63 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10071210 Accession (PMID): 10071210 | | Abstract: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers .
We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs .
The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 .
The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) .
Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 .
The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness .
The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs .
Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross .
Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains .
Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
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| Title: Digestibility index and factors affecting rate of starch digestion in vitro in conventional food preparation .
| | Author: Urooj A Puttraj S | | Journal: Citation: V : 43 ( 1 ) P : 42-7 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10079465 Accession (PMID): 10079465 | | Abstract: The rate of starch hydrolysis in ten cereal-based food preparations was studied using an in vitro dialysis system .
The foods were incubated with human saliva and porcine pancreatin .
The sugars released after 3 h digestion were expressed as digestibility index ( DI ) , the percentage starch digested was determined and correlated with the degree of gelatinization ( DG ) .
Granule morphology was also investigated and related with starch availability for hydrolysis .
Significant differences were observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the 10 foods ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes .
DI was inversely related to the protein ( r = -0 . 79 , P < 0 . 01 ) , fat ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 05 ) and energy ( r = -0 . 61 , P < 0 . 01 ) .
Percent starch digested was inversely related to the insoluble ( r = -0 . 49 , P < 0 . 05 ) and total dietary fiber ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 01 ) content of the foods .
The SEM results provided a better understanding of granular morphology on cooking and the effect of protein on limiting DG .
The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rate of starch hydrolysis in ten cereal-based food preparations was studied using an in vitro dialysis system . The foods were incubated with human saliva and porcine pancreatin . The sugars released after 3 h digestion were expressed as digestibility index ( DI ) , the percentage starch digested was determined and correlated with the degree of gelatinization ( DG ) . Granule morphology was also investigated and related with starch availability for hydrolysis . Significant differences were observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the 10 foods ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes . DI was inversely related to the protein ( r = -0 . 79 , P < 0 . 01 ) , fat ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 05 ) and energy ( r = -0 . 61 , P < 0 . 01 ) .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes . DI was inversely related to the protein ( r = -0 . 79 , P < 0 . 01 ) , fat ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 05 ) and energy ( r = -0 . 61 , P < 0 . 01 ) . Percent starch digested was inversely related to the insoluble ( r = -0 . 49 , P < 0 . 05 ) and total dietary fiber ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 01 ) content of the foods . The SEM results provided a better understanding of granular morphology on cooking and the effect of protein on limiting DG . The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics .
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