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| Title: Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete .
Conservative versus surgical treatment .
| | Author: Lynch SA Renstrm PA .
| | Citation: V : 27 ( 1 ) P : 61-71 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028133 Accession (PMID): 10028133 | | Abstract: Acute lateral ankle ligament sprains are common in young athletes ( 15 to 35 years of age ) .
Diagnostic and treatment protocols vary .
Therapies range from cast immobilisation or acute surgical repair to functional rehabilitation .
The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments .
Injuries typically occur during plantar flexion and inversion ; the ATFL is most commonly torn .
The CFL and the PTFL can also be injured and , after severe inversion , subtalar joint ligaments are also affected .
Commonly , an athlete with a lateral ankle ligament sprain reports having rolled over the outside of their ankle .
The entire ankle and foot must be examined to ensure there are no other injuries .
Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function .
Radiographs may rule out treatable fractures in severe injuries or when pain or tenderness are not associated with lateral ligaments .
Stress radiographs do not affect treatment .
Ankle sprains are classified from grades I to III ( mild , moderate or severe ) .
Grade I and II injuries recover quickly with nonoperative management .
A non-operative functional treatment programme includes immediate use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression , elevation ) , a short period of immobilisation and protection with a tape or bandage , and early range of motion , weight-bearing and neuromuscular training exercises .
Proprioceptive training on a tilt board after 3 to 4 weeks helps improve balance and neuromuscular control of the ankle .
Treatment for grade III injuries is more controversial A comprehensive literature evaluation and meta-analysis showed that early functional treatment provided the fastest recovery of ankle mobility and earliest return to work and physical activity without affecting late mechanical stability .
Functional treatment was complication-free , whereas surgery had serious , though infrequent , complications .
Functional treatment produced no more sequelae than casting with or without surgical repair .
Secondary surgical repair , even years after an injury , has results comparable to those of primary repair , so even competitive athletes can receive initial conservative treatment .
Sequelae of lateral ligament injuries are common .
After conservative or surgical treatment , 10 to 30% of patients have chronic symptoms , including persistent synovitis or tendinitis , ankle stiffness , swelling , pain , muscle weakness and giving-way .
Well-designed physical therapy programmes usually reduce instability .
For individuals with chronic instability refractory to conservative measures , surgery may be needed .
Subtalar instability should be carefully evaluated when considering surgery .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Jamu Gendong , a kind of traditional medicine in Indonesia : the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct .
| | Author: Limyati DA Juniar BL .
| | Citation: V : 63 ( 3 ) P : 201-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10030724 Accession (PMID): 10030724 | | Abstract: An examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of Jamu Gendong ( JG ) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine , issued by the Department of Health of Indonesia in 1986 .
Samples of JG and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of Surabaya .
The samples were subject to the following examinations : total plate count ( TPC ) , MPN coliform , the enumeration of molds and yeasts , the presence or absence of Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella and Vibrio .
Each time the JG samples were taken from different producers together with their raw materials .
The results of this investigation showed that most of the JG samples were heavily contaminated with bacteria , yeasts and molds .
For bacteria , taken from the TPC results , their numbers were ranging from 7 . 7 x 10 ( 2 ) microorganisms/ml to too many to count ( TMTC ) .
For yeasts and molds the numbers showed variations from 0 microorganisms/ml to TMTC .
Contamination with Coliform in 1 ml of JG were ranged from 0 to > 2 . 4 x 10 ( 6 ) microorganisms .
In most of the samples pathogenic Staphylococci , Salmonella sp . and Vibrio sp . were not detected , so that a conclusion can be drawn that most of the contamination in JG are saprophytic , only a few pathogenic .
The results also show that it is possible to have JG which fulfill the governments requirements .
Similar results were obtained with the plant material constituents of JG such as rhizomes , leaves , herbs and fruits of Piper nigrum and Piper retrofractum , with the exception of Piper betle leaves and P retrofractum fruits , both showing low contamination of Coliform bacteria .
However , the fruits of Citrus aurantifolia and Morinda citrifolia were less contaminated , just like seeds of Oryza sativa , Parkia roxburghii , bulbs of Allium sativum and the pulp of Tamarindus indica .
With these plant constituents of JG , it might be of interest to screen their antibacterial and antifungal activities . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: With these plant constituents of JG , it might be of interest to screen their antibacterial and antifungal activities .
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| Title: A rice homolog of Cdk7/MO15 phosphorylates both cyclin-dependent protein kinases and the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II .
| | Author: Yamaguchi M Umeda M Uchimiya H | | Citation: V : 16 ( 5 ) P : 613-9 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10036778 Accession (PMID): 10036778 | | Abstract: The activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinases ( CDKs ) requires phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the T-loop by a CDK-activating kinase ( CAK ) .
The R2 protein of rice is very similar to CAKs of animals and fission yeast at the amino acid level but phosphorylation by R2 has not yet been demonstrated .
When R2 was overexpressed in a CAK-deficient mutant of budding yeast , it suppressed the temperature sensitivity of the mutation .
Immunoprecipitates of rice proteins with the anti-R2 antibody phosphorylated human CDK2 , one of the rice CDKs ( Cdc2Os1 ) , and the carboxy-terminal domain ( CTD ) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Arabidopsis .
Mutational analysis indicated that R2 phosphorylated the threonine residue within the T-loop of CDK2 and Cdc2Os1 .
R2 was found mainly in two protein complexes which had molecular masses of 190 kDa and 70 kDa , respectively , whilst the CDK and CTD-kinase activities associated with R2 were identified in a complex of 105 kDa .
These results indicate that R2 is closely related to CAKs of animals and fission yeast in terms of its phosphorylation activity and , moreover , that this CAK of rice is distinct from a CAK of the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Immunoprecipitates of rice proteins with the anti-R2 antibody phosphorylated human CDK2 , one of the rice CDKs ( Cdc2Os1 ) , and the carboxy-terminal domain ( CTD ) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Arabidopsis .
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| Title: Seasonal fluctuation in energy balance among farmers in Northeast Thailand : the lack of response of energy intake to the change of energy expenditure .
| | Author: Murayama N Ohtsuka R | | Citation: V : 53 ( 1 ) P : 39-49 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10048798 Accession (PMID): 10048798 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : The study aimed to clarify the seasonal fluctuations in energy balance and their factors among rice-growing farmers in Northeast Thailand whose rice production was enough to their food energy demand .
DESIGN : Prospective and repeated measurements in the field .
SETTING : A rain-fed rice-farming village .
SUBJECTS : Eight pairs of husband and wife .
INTERVENTIONS : In each of four periods in a year , anthropometry , energy expenditure survey with heart-rate monitoring and minute-by-minute activity recording , and food consumption survey were conducted for each subject for 4 days .
RESULTS : The change of body weight was modest but differed significantly ( P < 0 . 001 ) between pre-harvest and post-harvest seasons : 1 . 3 kg ( 2 . 3% ) for males , 2 . 5 kg ( 4 . 3% ) for females .
Total energy expenditure ( TEE ) fluctuated markedly between the 4 seasons ( P < 0 . 001 for males and females ) , but total energy intake ( TEI ) fluctuated to lesser extents ( P < 0 . 05 for females only ) .
In relation to energy expenditure , physiological indicators ( except respiratory quotient ) did not fluctuate throughout the year but behavioral indicators did .
The changes in body weight were significantly correlated with the changes in TEE ( r = 0 . 60 , P < 0 . 05 for males ; r = 0 . 83 , P < 0 . 01 for females ) but not with the changes in TEI ; TEE and TEI were not correlated .
CONCLUSIONS : The modest seasonal changes in body weight among rain-fed rice farmers in Northeast Thailand were caused by the lack of response of TEI to the change of TEE . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: INTERVENTIONS : In each of four periods in a year , anthropometry , energy expenditure survey with heart-rate monitoring and minute-by-minute activity recording , and food consumption survey were conducted for each subject for 4 days .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Water balance and fecal moisture content in suckling calves as influenced by free access to dry feed .
| | Author: Abe M Matsunaga M Iriki T Funaba M Honjo T Wada Y | | Citation: V : 82 ( 2 ) P : 320-32 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10068954 Accession (PMID): 10068954 | | Abstract: Holstein bull calves were used to examine the effect of dry feed on water balance and fecal moisture content during the suckling period .
In Experiment 1 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and timothy hay decreased urine volume and increased apparent water retention , fecal water excretion , and fecal moisture content by 2 wk , although daily amounts of milk replacer also affected water balance when DMI from dry feed was low .
In Experiment 2 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased reabsorption of water from renal tubules during wk 2 , resulting in reduced urine volume and increased plasma volume .
In Experiment 3 ( n = 10 calves ) , supplementation of 500 g/d of milk replacer plus free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased plasma antidiuretic hormone by 2 wk compared with the concentration in calves receiving 200 g/d of milk replacer alone .
Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies but not with glucose and urea .
In Experiment 4 ( n = 16 calves ) , apparent water retention and fecal moisture content during wk 2 were increased by free access to concentrate from wk 1 but were not affected by rice straw as an inert bulk source .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Experiment 3 ( n = 10 calves ) , supplementation of 500 g/d of milk replacer plus free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased plasma antidiuretic hormone by 2 wk compared with the concentration in calves receiving 200 g/d of milk replacer alone .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies but not with glucose and urea .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
