| 1944 matches found in 1096 documents. Search time: 0.335 seconds. |
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| Title: The status of ORT ( oral rehydration therapy ) in Bangladesh : how widely is it used?
| | Author: Chowdhury AM Karim F Sarkar SK Cash RA Bhuiya A | | Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 58-66 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10166103 Accession (PMID): 10166103 | | Abstract: During 1980-1990 BRAC , a Bangladeshi non-governmental organization , taught over 12 million mothers how to prepare oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) at home with lobon ( common salt ) and gur ( unrefined brown sugar ) .
This was followed by a strong promotion and distribution of prepackaged ORS by various agencies including the government .
In 1993 we assessed knowledge of ORT preparation , its local availability and its use for the management of diarrhoea .
Over 9000 households in 90 villages were revisited ; 306 government outreach health workers , 296 drug sellers , and 237 village doctors were interviewed ; 152 government facilities and 495 pharmacies/shops were visited .
ORT prepared by mothers in a sub-sample of the households was analyzed for chloride content and interviewers collected information on use of ORT for diarrhoeal episodes occurring in the preceding two weeks .
The data quality was assessed through a resurvey of sample respondents within two weeks of the first interview .
Over 70% of the mothers could prepare a chemically safe and effective ORS .
A significant proportion of these mothers were very young at the time of the mass campaigns using house to house teaching , implying an intergenerational transfer of the knowledge on ORT .
ORT was found to be used in 60% of all diarrhoeal episodes , but the rate varied with the type of diarrhoea , being highest for daeria ( severe watery diarrhoea ) and lowest for amasha ( dysentery ) .
Drug sellers and village doctors now recommend ORT much more frequently than before .
Members of the medical profession ( qualified and unqualified ) still lag behind in prescribing the use of ORT .
The availability of pre-packaged ORS in rural pharmacies has improved enormously .
There is convincing evidence that the widescale promotion in the past of ORS for dehydration in diarrhoea has led to this marked improvement today .
Nevertheless the use of rice-based ORS , culturally appropriate messages and the promotion of ORS with food offer opportunities to further improve the utilization of ORT .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: During 1980-1990 BRAC , a Bangladeshi non-governmental organization , taught over 12 million mothers how to prepare oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) at home with lobon ( common salt ) and gur ( unrefined brown sugar ) .
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| Title: Risk factors for IgA nephropathy : a case-control study in Japan .
| | Author: Wakai K Kawamura T Matsuo S Hotta N Ohno Y | | Citation: V : 33 ( 4 ) P : 738-45 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10196018 Accession (PMID): 10196018 | | Abstract: To disclose the risk factors for immunoglobulin A nephropathy ( IgAN ) , we conducted a case-control study in the Tokai area of central Japan .
The subjects were 94 patients , aged 20 years or older at diagnosis , who had histologically confirmed IgAN .
Two sex- , age- , and residence-matched controls were randomly selected for each case from the general population .
Information on medical history and lifestyle was collected using a self-administered questionnaire .
The strength of association between IgAN and a potential risk factor was assessed by calculating an odds ratio .
A family history of chronic nephritis , susceptibility to the common cold , preference for salty foods , frequent consumption of raw eggs , and a high intake of carbohydrates , including rice , were significantly associated with an increased risk for IgAN .
Alcohol consumption , use of antioxidant vitamin supplements , and a high intake of protein , fat , monounsaturated fatty acids , and all/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were somewhat protective against IgAN .
Episodes of tonsillitis and exposure to organic solvents were found not to be associated with the risk in the present study .
Our findings may provide some clues to the cause of IgAN .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: A family history of chronic nephritis , susceptibility to the common cold , preference for salty foods , frequent consumption of raw eggs , and a high intake of carbohydrates , including rice , were significantly associated with an increased risk for IgAN .
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| Title: Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feedstuffs for broilers .
| | Author: Ravindran V Cabahug S Ravindran G Bryden WL .
| | Citation: V : 78 ( 5 ) P : 699-706 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10228966 Accession (PMID): 10228966 | | Abstract: The influence of microbial phytase on the ileal amino acid digestibilities in three cereals ( corn , sorghum , and wheat ) , four oilseed meals ( soybean meal , canola meal , cottonseed meal , and sunflower meal ) and two cereal by-products ( wheat middlings and rice polishings ) was determined using 5-wk-old broilers .
Supplementation of microbial phytase ( 1 , 200 FTU/kg ) improved ( P < 0 . 001 to 0 . 10 ) the digestibilities of protein and amino acids in all feedstuffs , but the magnitude of response varied depending on the feedstuff and the amino acid considered .
Mean digestibility of the 15 amino acids in the feedstuffs without and with phytase were : corn , 78 . 0 and 80 . 4% ; sorghum , 74 . 7 and 79 . 4% ; wheat , 77 . 7 and 84 . 6% ; soybean meal , 82 . 2 and 85 . 5% ; canola meal , 78 . 7 and 80 . 7% ; cottonseed meal , 70 . 8 and 74 . 2% ; sunflower meal , 76 . 7 and 80 . 2% ; wheat middlings , 70 . 8 and 73 . 4% ; and rice polishings 62 . 1 and 66 . 9% , respectively .
When individual amino acids were considered , the increments in digestibility were relatively higher for threonine and valine .
This effect was consistent across all feedstuffs .
The observed variations in response among feedstuffs were influenced by the inherent protein digestibility , but not by dietary phytic acid concentration .
No correlations were determined between the dietary concentrations of phytic acid and phytase responses in terms of protein digestibility ( r = 0 . 20 ; P > 0 . 31 ) and mean amino acid digestibility ( r = 0 . 12 ; P > 0 . 51 ) ; however a significant negative correlation was observed between inherent protein digestibility and phytase responses in protein digestibility ( r = -0 . 42 ; P < 0 . 03 ) .
It appears that solubilities of phytate salts and protein , and their influence on the degree of phytate-protein complexing in different feedstuffs , may be more relevant than total phytic acid concentrations .
Interestingly , dietary phytic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with inherent protein ( r = -0 . 81 ; P < 0 . 001 ) and mean amino acid ( r = -0 . 85 ; P < 0 . 001 ) digestibilities of the feedstuffs evaluated in this study .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: It appears that solubilities of phytate salts and protein , and their influence on the degree of phytate-protein complexing in different feedstuffs , may be more relevant than total phytic acid concentrations .
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| Title: Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in Oryza sativa .
| | Author: Fukuda A Nakamura A Tanaka Y | | Citation: V : 1446 ( 1-2 ) P : 149-55 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10395929 Accession (PMID): 10395929 | | Abstract: Na+/H+ exchanger catalyzes the countertransport of Na+ and H+ across membranes .
We isolated a rice cDNA clone the deduced amino acid sequence of which had homology with a putative Na+/H+ exchanger in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , NHX1 .
The sequence contains 2330 bp with an open reading frame of 1608 bp .
The deduced amino acid sequence is similar to that of NHX1 and NHE isoforms in mammals , and shares high similarity with the sequences within predicted transmembrane segments and an amiloride-binding domain .
The expression of the gene was increased by salt stress .
These results suggest that the product of the novel gene , OsNHX1 , functions as a Na+/H+ exchanger , and plays important roles in salt tolerance of rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The expression of the gene was increased by salt stress .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that the product of the novel gene , OsNHX1 , functions as a Na+/H+ exchanger , and plays important roles in salt tolerance of rice .
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| Title: Comparative study of rice-based oral rehydration salt solution versus glucose-based oral rehydration salt solution ( WHO ) in children with acute dehydrating diarrhoea .
| | Author: Sharma A Pradhan RK .
| | Citation: V : 96 ( 12 ) P : 367-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10489752 Accession (PMID): 10489752 | | Abstract: One hundred children with acute dehydrating diarrhoea were studied .
They were divided into two groups : Group A ( n = 50 ) were given rice-based oral rehydration salt ( ORS ) solution and group B ( n = 50 ) were given glucose-based ORS solution ( WHO ) .
There was no significant decrease in mean stool output and percentage weight gain with rice-based ORS .
Both the groups were comparable for volume of ORS solution consumed , time taken for initial rehydration , mean stool output and for correcting biochemical abnormalities . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: They were divided into two groups : Group A ( n = 50 ) were given rice-based oral rehydration salt ( ORS ) solution and group B ( n = 50 ) were given glucose-based ORS solution ( WHO ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
