| 27 matches found in 19 documents. Search time: 0.029 seconds. |
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| Title: Laboratory and field studies on the effect of molinate , clomazone , and thiobencarb on nontarget aquatic invertebrates .
| | Author: Burdett AS Stevens MM Macmillan DL .
| | Journal: Environ . Toxicol . Chem . Citation: V : 20 ( 10 ) P : 2229-36 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11596755 Accession (PMID): 11596755 | | Abstract: The midge Chironomus tepperi was used in laboratory experiments to assess the relative toxicity of formulated molinate , clomazone , and thiobencarb , three herbicides used in Australian rice crops .
Static bioassays were initiated with first-instar larvae at herbicide concentrations between 0 . 0625 and 2 times the anticipated field concentrations ( AFCs ) expected from the registered application rates .
Adult emergence success , development time , and wing length were used as indices of the effect of each herbicide .
Clomazone had no effect on any parameters at concentrations up to 0 . 288 mg/L ( p > 0 . 05 ) .
Molinate significantly increased development time at concentrations equivalent to the AFC ( 3 . 6 mg/L ) and above ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Thiobencarb reduced emergence success of adult C tepperi at 0 . 0625 times the AFC ( 0 . 1875 mg/L ) as well as decreasing male adult size and increasing development time for males and females at 0 . 125 times the AFC ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Nontarget effects of the herbicides on aquatic invertebrate communities were assessed in shallow experimental ponds using commercial application rates .
One week after treatment , only thiobencarb had a significant effect , suppressing populations of chironomids , calanoids , and cyclopoids ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Four weeks later , all populations had recovered , equaling or exceeding control densities .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: One week after treatment , only thiobencarb had a significant effect , suppressing populations of chironomids , calanoids , and cyclopoids ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
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| Title: Traditional production , consumption and storage of Kunu--a non alcoholic cereal beverage .
| | Author: Gaffa T Jideani IA Nkama I | | Journal: Citation: V : 57 ( 1 ) P : 73-81 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11855622 Accession (PMID): 11855622 | | Abstract: A survey of the production , consumption and storage of Kunu was carried out .
Some of the information included consumption rate , processing techniques and equipment , producers status and grains used .
About 73% consume Kunu daily , 26% occasionally ; 1% know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it .
Millet ( Pennisetum typhoideum ) , sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare ) , maize ( Zea mays ) , rice ( Oryza sativa ) and acha ( Digitalis exilis ) were used in its production in decreasing order of preference .
The grains were used singly or combined ; sorghum/millet was the most common combination in a ratio of 1 : 2 ( w/w ) .
Steeping was done in ordinary water for 12-72 h , depending on the grain type , in local clay pots , plastic buckets , calabashes or basins or 5-7 h in warm water ( 60-70 degrees C ) .
The grains were dry or wet milled with or without spices such as ginger , red pepper , black pepper , clove and garlic .
Other ingredients introduced included : sweet potatoes , malted rice , malted sorghum and Cadaba farinosa crude extract .
Both dry and wet milling was done with grinding mills , mill stones or mortar and pestle , depending on locality .
The product was then cooked into a thin free flowing gruel .
The various types of kunu were : Kunun zaki , Kunun gyada , Kunun akamu , Kunun tsamiya , Kunun baule , Kunun jiko , Amshau and Kunun gayamba .
Kunun zaki was the most commonly consumed .
Production and consumption cut across all social classes of the society . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Steeping was done in ordinary water for 12-72 h , depending on the grain type , in local clay pots , plastic buckets , calabashes or basins or 5-7 h in warm water ( 60-70 degrees C ) .
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| Title: Arsenic groundwater contamination and sufferings of people in North 24-Parganas , one of the nine arsenic affected districts of West Bengal , India .
| | Author: Rahman MM Mandal BK Chowdhury TR Sengupta MK Chowdhury UK Lodh D Chanda CR Basu GK Mukherjee SC Saha KC Chakraborti D | | Journal: Citation: V : 38 ( 1 ) P : 25-59 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12635818 Accession (PMID): 12635818 | | Abstract: To understand the magnitude of the arsenic calamity in West Bengal , a detailed study spanning 7 years was made in North 24-Parganas , one of the nine arsenic affected districts .
Area and population of North 24-Parganas district are 4093 . 82 sq . km and 7 . 3 million , respectively .
Fourty eight thousand and thirty water samples were analyzed from hand tubewells of North 24-Parganas in use for drinking , cooking and 29 . 2% of the tubewells were found to have arsenic above 50 microg/L , the maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization ( WHO ) and 52 . 8% have arsenic above 10 microg/L , WHO recommended value of arsenic in drinking water .
Out of the 22 blocks of North 24-Parganas , in 20 blocks arsenic has been found above the maximum permissible limit and so far in 16 blocks people have been identified as suffering from arsenical skin lesions .
From the generated data , it is estimated that about 2 . 0 million and 1 . 0 million people are drinking arsenic contaminated water above 10 microg/L and 50 microg/L level , respectively in North 24-Parganas alone .
So far , in our preliminary study 33 , 000 people have been examined at random from arsenic affected villages in North 24-Parganas and 2274 people have been registered with arsenical skin lesions .
Extrapolation of the available data indicates about 0 . 1 million people may be suffering from arsenical skin lesions from North 24-Parganas alone .
A sum of 21 , 000 hair , nail , and urine samples analyses from arsenic affected villages show 56% , 80% , and 87% people have arsenic in biological specimen more than normal/toxic ( hair ) level , respectively .
Thus , many may be subclinically affected .
Due to use of arsenic contaminated groundwater for agricultural irrigation , rice and vegetable are getting arsenic contaminated .
Hence there is an additional arsenic burden from food chain .
People from arsenic affected villages are also suffering from arsenical neuropathy .
A followup study indicates that many of the victims suffering from severe arsenical skin lesions for several years are now suffering from cancer or have already died of cancer .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the magnitude of the arsenic calamity in West Bengal , a detailed study spanning 7 years was made in North 24-Parganas , one of the nine arsenic affected districts .
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| Title: Community ecology of small mammal populations in PanamEfollowing an outbreak of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome .
| | Author: Ruedas LA Salazar-Bravo J Tinnin DS Armin B Cceres L Garc } A D } z MA Gracia F Suzn G Peters CJ Yates TL Mills JN .
| | Journal: J Vector Ecol .
Citation: V : 29 ( 1 ) P : 177-91 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15266755 Accession (PMID): 15266755 | | Abstract: In late 1999 and early 2000 , an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ( HPS ) occurred in and around Los Santos , on the Azuero Peninsula of southwestern PanamE This HPS episode , resulting in 22% case fatality , was linked to the Costa Rican pigmy rice rat , Oligoryzomys fulvescens costaricensis , which harbored a then undescribed hantavirus , Choclo virus .
In addition , Cherries cane rat , Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei , was identified as carrying a distinct hantavirus , Calabazo virus with no known pathogenicity to humans .
Herein we present the ecological results of the outbreak investigations in the Azuero region .
A total of 164 animals were captured , of which 126 were potential small , non-volant mammal hosts of a hantavirus : rodents in the family Muridae .
There were significant differences in small mammal community structure between case sites and a negative control site .
Differences were manifest in ecological measures of species diversity and in species evenness and heterogeneity measures , as indicated by Pairwise Euclidian distances and Morisita indices of community similarity .
Our analyses suggest that human activities ( ie , deforestation for cattle ranching ) coupled with environmental factors ( ie , increased precipitation ) may have synergistically coalesced for an increased risk of HPS to area residents .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , Cherries cane rat , Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei , was identified as carrying a distinct hantavirus , Calabazo virus with no known pathogenicity to humans .
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| Title: [ Medical pots of Yakushi Buddha in Japan ] | | Author: Okuda J Noro Y Ito S | | Journal: Citation: V : 53 ( 345 ) P : 7-32 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16021752 Accession (PMID): 16021752 | | Abstract: The origin of Yakushi buddha ( Bhaisajyaguru in Sanscrit , buddha of healing ) is not clearly known .
It has been proposed the original statue of Yakushi buddha may have been conceived from Varna , a god in Brahminism , believed to be a god of justice who possessed medicines and prolonged life .
It is believed that Yakushi buddha appeared in Japan when the buddhism was imported from Korea and China in VI century , Yakushi buddha was believed more profoundly in Japan , compared with Korea and China . The reasons are probably as follows : Yakushi buddha is buddha of healing , Emperor Temmu ( 672-685 ) built Yakushi-ji temple in Nara , Emperor Shomu ( 724-749 ) built Kokubun-ji temples at principal towns .
The principal statues of buddha in these temples are Yakushi buddha .
In Japan , there are 252 Yakushi Buddha statues in Buddhistical Temples , which are listed in Important Cultural Property including 14 National Treasures .
Belief in Yakushi Buddha was especially prevalent from the 7th to the 13th centuries in Japan .
The oldest wooden Yakushi Buddha statue is in the Horin-ji temple in Nara .
Among the 252 Yakushi Buddha statues , 224 are in wood , 15 are in copper , 6 are in picture and etc 212 ( 84 , 1% ) have medicinal pots ( or rarely , a bowl ) on the palm of left hand .
However , these medicinal containers are wooden blocks .
Very recently , it was found that Yakushi Buddha statue in the Suho-Kokubun-ji temple ( Yamaguchi Prefecture , Japan ) has a medicinal pot on the palm of the left hand in which an offering ( 220 g materials ) was found .
The date on the reverse side of lid places the offering at October 12 , 1699 .
The offering is composed of five cereals ( rice , barley , wheat , soybean , adzuki bean ) , five medicinal plants ( Acori Graminei , Acori Calami , Radix Ginseng , Flos Caryophylli , Lignum Santali Albi ) , and five minerals ( rock crystals , purple and blue glasse , CaCO3 , particles , silver and golden foils ) .
DNA analysis proved those three randomly selected seeds of rice all belongs to the template japonica , which is predominant in the present variety of Japan . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The offering is composed of five cereals ( rice , barley , wheat , soybean , adzuki bean ) , five medicinal plants ( Acori Graminei , Acori Calami , Radix Ginseng , Flos Caryophylli , Lignum Santali Albi ) , and five minerals ( rock crystals , purple and blue glasse , CaCO3 , particles , silver and golden foils ) .
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| Title: A database of PCR primers for the chloroplast genomes of higher plants .
| | Author: Heinze B | | Journal: Plant Methods Citation: V : 3 ( ) P : 4 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17326828 Accession (PMID): 17326828 | | Abstract: ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND : Chloroplast genomes evolve slowly and many primers for PCR amplification and analysis of chloroplast sequences can be used across a wide array of genera .
In some cases universal primers have been designed for the purpose of working across species boundaries .
However , the essential information on these primer sequences is scattered throughout the literature .
RESULTS : A database is presented here which assembles published primer information for chloroplast DNA .
Additional primers were designed to fill gaps where little or no primer information could be found .
Amplicons are either the genes themselves ( typically useful in studies of sequence variation in higher-order phylogeny ) or they are spacers , introns , and intergenic regions ( for studies of phylogeographic patterns within and among species ) .
The current list of generic primers consists of more than 700 sequences .
Wherever possible , we give the locations of the primers in the thirteen fully sequenced chloroplast genomes ( Nicotiana tabacum , Atropa belladonna , Spinacia oleracea , Arabidopsis thaliana , Populus trichocarpa , Oryza sativa , Pinus thunbergii , Marchantia polymorpha , Zea mays , Oenothera elata , Acorus calamus , Eucalyptus globulus , Medicago trunculata ) .
CONCLUSION : The database described here is designed to serve as a resource for researchers who are venturing into the study of poorly described chloroplast genomes , whether for large or small-scale DNA sequencing projects , to study molecular variation or to investigate chloroplast evolution .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Wherever possible , we give the locations of the primers in the thirteen fully sequenced chloroplast genomes ( Nicotiana tabacum , Atropa belladonna , Spinacia oleracea , Arabidopsis thaliana , Populus trichocarpa , Oryza sativa , Pinus thunbergii , Marchantia polymorpha , Zea mays , Oenothera elata , Acorus calamus , Eucalyptus globulus , Medicago trunculata ) .
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| Title: Suitability of five species of stored-product insects as hosts for development and reproduction of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) .
| | Author: Ghimire MN Phillips TW | | Journal: J Econ Entomol Citation: V : 100 P : 1732-9 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17972654 Accession (PMID): 17972654 | | Abstract: We investigated the ability of two populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , to parasitize and develop on late instars of five different stored-product insects that typically complete their development inside seeds of grain or legume species or other dry commodity .
The host species were the cigarette beetle , Lasioderma serricorne ( F ) ; cowpea weevil , Callosobruchus maculatus ( F ) ; rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae ( L ) ; lesser grain borer , Rhyzopertha dominica ( F ) ; and Angoumois grain moth , Sitotroga cerealella ( Olivier ) .
Experiments were conducted in the laboratory in a no-choice design by using petri dishes ( 15 by 100 mm ) as experimental arenas with 20 host larvae .
A calandrae females from populations originating in Georgia ( GA ) and Oklahoma ( OK ) were introduced singly into experimental arenas and allowed to sting and oviposit for 24 h .
Parasitism by the OK population was greater than that for the GA population across all hosts .
However , no or very low parasitism was found on Angoumois grain moth for either population in this experiment .
The highest number of parasitoid progeny was recorded on cowpea weevil ( 15 . 9 ) followed by rice weevil ( 11 . 5 ) and cigarette beetle ( 10 . 8 ) for the OK population .
A similar trend was observed in the GA population .
The highest proportion of female progeny was produced on cowpea weevil ( 73 . 0% ) by the OK population .
Conversely , a higher proportion of female progeny was produced on rice weevil ( 64 . 6% ) by the GA population than produced by the OK population .
Parasitoid adults were significantly larger and heavier when they developed on cowpea weevil irrespective of parasitoid population .
The possible application of these results for biological control of stored-product insects is discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We investigated the ability of two populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , to parasitize and develop on late instars of five different stored-product insects that typically complete their development inside seeds of grain or legume species or other dry commodity .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A calandrae females from populations originating in Georgia ( GA ) and Oklahoma ( OK ) were introduced singly into experimental arenas and allowed to sting and oviposit for 24 h .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Effects of Prior Experience on Host Selection and Host Utilization by Two Populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) .
| | Author: Ghimire MN Phillips TW | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 37 P : 1300-1306 Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19036210 Accession (PMID): 19036210 | | Abstract: The effect of adult learning through an oviposition and host feeding experience was studied in two populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory using last instars of rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae L , and lesser grain borer , Rhyzopertha dominica ( F ) , as hosts .
In choice experiments , 20 wheat kernels infested by rice weevil and 20 by lesser grain borer were placed randomly in petri dish ( 15 by 100 mm ) arenas .
In no-choice experiments , 10 host-infested wheat kernels , either with rice weevils or with lesser grain borers , were mixed thoroughly in 500 g of uninfested wheat placed in a 0 . 945-liter glass jar ( 75 by 170 mm ) arenas .
A calandrae females from a laboratory and field populations that were experienced with host larvae or naive were introduced singly into each experimental arena and allowed to sting and oviposit for 24 h .
An oviposition experience with rice weevil or lesser grain borer had a stronger effect on host preference in choice experiments compared with experiments with naive wasps .
Host-finding and parasitism rates were increased by prior experience with rice weevils in no-choice experiments .
A calandrae females clearly preferred rice weevil larvae for parasitization over larvae of lesser grain borer regardless of parasitoid population or prior experience .
Also , A calandrae females chose rice weevil larvae for producing female progeny and lesser grain borer for male progeny in choice experiments .
The implications of the results of this study are discussed in relation to host preference and the selection of parasitoid populations for biological control programs in stored grains .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of adult learning through an oviposition and host feeding experience was studied in two populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory using last instars of rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae L , and lesser grain borer , Rhyzopertha dominica ( F ) , as hosts .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A calandrae females from a laboratory and field populations that were experienced with host larvae or naive were introduced singly into each experimental arena and allowed to sting and oviposit for 24 h .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A calandrae females clearly preferred rice weevil larvae for parasitization over larvae of lesser grain borer regardless of parasitoid population or prior experience .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Also , A calandrae females chose rice weevil larvae for producing female progeny and lesser grain borer for male progeny in choice experiments .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Effects of biological control of rice weevil by Anisopteromalus calandrae with a population of two Aspergillus spp .
| | Author: Yoon EY Nam Y Ryoo MI | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 38 P : 121-8 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19791605 Accession (PMID): 19791605 | | Abstract: In this study , we assessed the interaction occurring between the rice weevil and two storage molds ( Aspergillus candidus Link and Aspergillus niger Van Tiegem ) that prefer different moisture regimens under rice storage conditions .
Rice weevil induced rapid population growth in both of the storage molds .
The colony forming units ( CFUs ) of A candidus and A niger peaked at 10 ( 9 . 00 +/- 0 . 02 ) and 10 ( 7 . 72 +/- 0 . 03 ) /g , respectively .
All of the rice grains were infested with the molds and eventually deteriorated ; in the jars infested with A candidus , no living weevils were found after 135 d .
Suppression of the rice weevil by its larval parasitoid , Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Howard ) , significantly retarded the growth of A candidus but completely halted the growth of A niger , which was replaced by xerophyllic molds including Aspergillus penicilloides Spegazzini and Wallemia sebi ( Fries ) .
Regression analyses showed that the total number of weevils was a significant factor explaining grain moisture content , which was in turn a significant factor in the growth of both mold species .
The growth of A niger was dependent on the grain moisture content ( r2 = 0 . 52 ) , thereby suggesting that the growth of A niger was caused primarily by activity of the rice weevil and the resulting increased grain moisture content .
However , 27% of the growth of A candidus was explained by grain moisture contents , suggesting that a factor other than the grain moisture content may also affect its growth .
Suppression of rice weevil by A calandrae could induce an A candidus-dominant molds community , which would be a factor for consideration in biological control program .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Suppression of the rice weevil by its larval parasitoid , Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Howard ) , significantly retarded the growth of A candidus but completely halted the growth of A niger , which was replaced by xerophyllic molds including Aspergillus penicilloides Spegazzini and Wallemia sebi ( Fries ) .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Suppression of rice weevil by A calandrae could induce an A candidus-dominant molds community , which would be a factor for consideration in biological control program .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv .
KDML 105 farming .
| | Author: Thobunluepop P | | Journal: Pak J Biol Sci Citation: V : 12 P : 1119-26 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19899322 Accession (PMID): 19899322 | | Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the several chemical compounds of relatively composite structure with antifungal activity from Thai local medical plants .
The antifungal activity of Stemona curtisii HK . f . , Stemona tuberose L , Acorus calamus L , Eugenia caryophyllus , Memmea siamensis Kost and an eugenol active compound were studied in vitro .
Four pathogenic seed borne fungi , Alternaria solani , Colletotrichum sp . , Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizoctonia solani were used as target organisms .
The agar overlay technique and spore inhibition techniques were applied for the determination of their essential oil and active compound antifungal activity at various concentration ; 0 . 10 , 0 . 25 , 0 . 50 and 1 . 00% ( v/v ) and untreated as control ( 0% v/v ) .
Eugenol active compound showed the strongest antifungal activity on all species of tested fungal species .
On the other hand , the antifungal activity of those bio-fungicides was lined up into a series from strong to low , as follows : Eugenia caryophyllus > Acorus calamus Linn .
> Stemona tuberosa L > Stemona curtisii Hk . f , while Mammea siamensis Kost could not control any fungal species .
Moreover , after eugenol application , lysis of spore and inhibition of mycelium growth were detected .
Microscopic analysis exhibited complete lysis of spores after 24 h at a concentration of 1 . 00% v/v .
Moreover , at the same concentration and 96 h incubation the mycelia growth was completely inhibited .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The antifungal activity of Stemona curtisii HK . f . , Stemona tuberose L , Acorus calamus L , Eugenia caryophyllus , Memmea siamensis Kost and an eugenol active compound were studied in vitro .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: On the other hand , the antifungal activity of those bio-fungicides was lined up into a series from strong to low , as follows : Eugenia caryophyllus > Acorus calamus Linn .
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| Title: Field study on exposure and health effects of an organophosphate pesticide for maintaining registration in the Philippines .
| | Author: van Sittert NJ Dumas EP .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 81 ( 6 ) P : 463-73 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2100760 Accession (PMID): 2100760 | | Abstract: To support the continued use and the registration of monocrotophos , a field study was conducted at Calauan , Laguna , The Philippines , to assess exposure and the resulting health risk to 21 spraymen applying monocrotophos to rice crop by knapsack spraying during 3 consecutive days .
The findings of the study were as follows : exposure of uncovered hands and of the skin of the back to the concentrate was visually observed during the filling , and respectively loading operations ; During spraying exposure from airborne diluted formulation occurred ; in addition contamination of the lower parts of the body took place because of direct contact with the sprayed crop ; Determination of the amount of the urinary metabolite dimethylphosphate excreted in 24 hours urine samples demonstrated absorption of monocrotophos into the body of the spraymen .
The half-life of elimination of the urinary metabolite from the body was on average 18 hours ; No clinically significant inhibitions of whole blood or red blood cell cholinesterase activities were found , ie , 30% below baseline values .
However , 8 of 21 spraymen had plasma cholinesterase levels below 50% of baseline values ; --No acute adverse health effects associated with the application of monocrotophos were observed , which was in accordance with the absence of clinically significant cholinesterase depressions .
The conclusion of the study was that the use of monocrotophos under prevailing typical conditions in the Philippines , which varies from a frequency of one application per season to a maximum of 3 applications each on 3 consecutive days per week , and where label safety instructions are not necessarily observed , is not expected to pose an acute health risk under the prevailing conditions and practices , which includes filling , spraying and cleaning activities .
From the experience in this study it is clear that proper spraying technique and adequate use of personal protection will significantly reduce exposure .
As such a reduction is highly recommendable , advice on proper spray procedures and adequate personal protection has been reinforced . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To support the continued use and the registration of monocrotophos , a field study was conducted at Calauan , Laguna , The Philippines , to assess exposure and the resulting health risk to 21 spraymen applying monocrotophos to rice crop by knapsack spraying during 3 consecutive days .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Biological control of indianmeal moth and rice weevil by parasitoids with reference to the intraspecific competition pattern .
| | Author: Nam Y Ji J Na JH Chun YS Ryoo MI | | Journal: J Econ Entomol Citation: V : 104 P : 693-701 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21510223 Accession (PMID): 21510223 | | Abstract: Biological control of rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae ( L ) , and Indianmeal moth , Plodia interpunctella ( Hubner ) , by their parasitoids Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Howard ) and Bracon hebetor Say was examined while considering the intraspecific competition pattern of the pests .
In both experimental and simulation studies , A calandrae was shown to suppress the rice weevil population , a contest type competitor , regardless of the parasitoid/weevil ratios tested .
In contrast , B hebetor only significantly suppressed the Indianmeal moth , a scramble type competitor , when the parasitoid/moth ratio was >0 . 05 .
At ratios lower than 0 . 05 , the role of B hebetor was negligible , and the correlation coefficients between the number of moths that had emerged and the parasitoid/moth ratio was estimated to be 0 . 07 .
The control efficiency of the two parasitoids with respect to the parasitoid/host ratio was estimated using a ratio-response model .
To suppress the weevil density to a level that was only 10% of the current density , the ratio was estimated to be 0 . 02 , whereas this value was 0 . 14 for the Indianmeal moth .
However , for the continuous suppression of the Indianmeal moth , periodic and iterative introduction of B hebetor was required .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Biological control of rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae ( L ) , and Indianmeal moth , Plodia interpunctella ( Hubner ) , by their parasitoids Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Howard ) and Bracon hebetor Say was examined while considering the intraspecific competition pattern of the pests .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In both experimental and simulation studies , A calandrae was shown to suppress the rice weevil population , a contest type competitor , regardless of the parasitoid/weevil ratios tested .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Malaria knowledge and practice .
Medical study in Songhay-Zarma ( Niger ) ] | | Author: Julvez J Hamidine M Boubacar A Nouhou A Alarou A | | Journal: Citation: V : 5 ( 5 ) P : 307-13 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8777545 Accession (PMID): 8777545 | | Abstract: Two randomized studies were performed in 1992 and 1994 in the Niger river valley where malaria transmission is thought to be permanent and is reinforced during the rainy season .
The sample covered 114 families either in Niamey , the capital of Niger , or in Karma , a rural village 20 km to the west , and its surroundings .
The questionnaire contained closed and open questions on the perception of malaria causes , treatment and prevention , including the use of mosquito bed nets .
Most of the 114 families studied were monogamic with an average of 4 children per father .
The most frequent occupation was agricultural farming ( millet and rice ) for the sedentary part of this population .
During the rainy season , some moved to farms in the neighbouring valley of Taksaba .
During the wet season , others migrated to the West African coast The houses were traditional , being straw huts or made from banco ; all the openings were small the the rooms were dark and poorly ventilated .
These features constituted good conditions for malaria vectors .
Domestic animals , such as goats , sheep , cows and sometimes donkeys , were very frequent in the courtyards .
However , there was never any stagnant water in the courtyards or around the water pumps because of the intense sunshine .
Drinking water was carried on the head from the public foot pumps or the river and stored in earth calabashes closed by a plate .
In the Songhay-Zarma language , Hmar IzEis a symptomatic complex which corresponds closely to a clinical case of malaria .
The main sign of this complex is fever known as konni ( hot body ) .
But this word is also used as the general name for all diseases with fever .
Associated symptoms , well known by the community members , included vomiting , headache and diarrhoea .
Hmar IzEwas considered to be the most frequent cause of morbidity and the most severe disease , more significant than any other fever or diarrhoea .
As perceived by the community members , the leading cause of malaria was described to be mosquitos ( 44 . 7% ) , followed by the rainy season , God , and less commonly , dirtiness , parasites , or the sun .
The majority of cases were diagnosed by the parents , and were self-treated at home either with medicinal plant infusions or oral drugs .
The self-treatment was not common , because Nivaquine was the only medication known by the people and was often unavailable .
It is necessary to manage a regular drug supply with a public awareness campaign about dosage for self-treatment of malaria .
Also , the public needs to be informed about any new policies of supplying essential drugs under generic names .
Despite some confusion , the people generally believed that mosquitos were responsible for the disease .
Thus , the use of mosquito netting over the beds was justified and widespread throughout the population .
The traditional practice could be improved upon with an impregnated net even if the comprehension about the causes of the disease remains limited .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Drinking water was carried on the head from the public foot pumps or the river and stored in earth calabashes closed by a plate .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Status of malaria vectors in Italy .
| | Author: Romi R Pierdominici G Severini C Tamburro A Cocchi M Menichetti D Pili E Marchi A | | Journal: J Med . Entomol . Citation: V : 34 ( 3 ) P : 263-71 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9151488 Accession (PMID): 9151488 | | Abstract: About 30 yr after malaria eradication , surveys to assess the presence and abundance of anopheline vectors were carried out in central and southern Italy and in the islands of Sardinia and Sicily from 1992 to 1994 .
Anopheles labranchiae Falleroni was present in scattered foci in all regions , except for Tuscany , where it breeds almost exclusively in rice fields ( Grosseto Province ) .
Most common breeding sites were rivers and streams , followed by ponds and ground pools .
The highest adult density was found in Tuscany near rice fields and along the west coast of Calabria .
Anophelines in Grosseto were abundant at human bait , with peaks of > 200 landings per human per night and vectorial capacity between 7 . 3 and 26 for Plasmodium falciparum and between 8 . 3 and 32 . 5 for Plasmodium vivax .
Anopheles sacharovi Favre , a former malaria vector in Puglia and Sardinia , was not found in these regions .
The other vector in southern Italy , Anopheles superpictus Grassi , was found at low densities on the western and eastern coasts of Calabria .
All anopheline populations were fully susceptible to deltamethrin , malathion , and DDT but showed reduced susceptibility to permethrin and propoxur .
These data are discussed in the light of a possible reintroduction of malaria into Italy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The highest adult density was found in Tuscany near rice fields and along the west coast of Calabria .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The other vector in southern Italy , Anopheles superpictus Grassi , was found at low densities on the western and eastern coasts of Calabria .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Suitability of five species of stored-product insects as hosts for development and reproduction of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) .
| | Author: Ghimire MN Phillips TW | | Journal: J Econ Entomol Citation: V : 100 P : 1732-9 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17972654 Accession (PMID): 17972654 | | Abstract: We investigated the ability of two populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , to parasitize and develop on late instars of five different stored-product insects that typically complete their development inside seeds of grain or legume species or other dry commodity .
The host species were the cigarette beetle , Lasioderma serricorne ( F ) ; cowpea weevil , Callosobruchus maculatus ( F ) ; rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae ( L ) ; lesser grain borer , Rhyzopertha dominica ( F ) ; and Angoumois grain moth , Sitotroga cerealella ( Olivier ) .
Experiments were conducted in the laboratory in a no-choice design by using petri dishes ( 15 by 100 mm ) as experimental arenas with 20 host larvae .
A calandrae females from populations originating in Georgia ( GA ) and Oklahoma ( OK ) were introduced singly into experimental arenas and allowed to sting and oviposit for 24 h .
Parasitism by the OK population was greater than that for the GA population across all hosts .
However , no or very low parasitism was found on Angoumois grain moth for either population in this experiment .
The highest number of parasitoid progeny was recorded on cowpea weevil ( 15 . 9 ) followed by rice weevil ( 11 . 5 ) and cigarette beetle ( 10 . 8 ) for the OK population .
A similar trend was observed in the GA population .
The highest proportion of female progeny was produced on cowpea weevil ( 73 . 0% ) by the OK population .
Conversely , a higher proportion of female progeny was produced on rice weevil ( 64 . 6% ) by the GA population than produced by the OK population .
Parasitoid adults were significantly larger and heavier when they developed on cowpea weevil irrespective of parasitoid population .
The possible application of these results for biological control of stored-product insects is discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Suitability of five species of stored-product insects as hosts for development and reproduction of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Elicitor and calatalse activity of conidia suspensions of various strains of Magnaporthe grisea in suspension-cultured cells of rice .
| | Author: Tanabe S Hayashi N Nishizawa Y Yamane H Shibuya N Minami E | | Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem Citation: V : 72 P : 889-92 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18323633 Accession (PMID): 18323633 | | Abstract: A conidia suspension of Magnaporthe grisea carried elicitor activity that induced the expression of defense-related genes and the production of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) in suspension-cultured rice cells .
The levels of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) produced were dependent on fungal isolates and were correlated with the catalase activity in the supernatant fraction of each conidia suspension , not with gene-for-gene interactions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Elicitor and calatalse activity of conidia suspensions of various strains of Magnaporthe grisea in suspension-cultured cells of rice .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of Prior Experience on Host Selection and Host Utilization by Two Populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) .
| | Author: Ghimire MN Phillips TW | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 37 P : 1300-1306 Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19036210 Accession (PMID): 19036210 | | Abstract: The effect of adult learning through an oviposition and host feeding experience was studied in two populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory using last instars of rice weevil , Sitophilus oryzae L , and lesser grain borer , Rhyzopertha dominica ( F ) , as hosts .
In choice experiments , 20 wheat kernels infested by rice weevil and 20 by lesser grain borer were placed randomly in petri dish ( 15 by 100 mm ) arenas .
In no-choice experiments , 10 host-infested wheat kernels , either with rice weevils or with lesser grain borers , were mixed thoroughly in 500 g of uninfested wheat placed in a 0 . 945-liter glass jar ( 75 by 170 mm ) arenas .
A calandrae females from a laboratory and field populations that were experienced with host larvae or naive were introduced singly into each experimental arena and allowed to sting and oviposit for 24 h .
An oviposition experience with rice weevil or lesser grain borer had a stronger effect on host preference in choice experiments compared with experiments with naive wasps .
Host-finding and parasitism rates were increased by prior experience with rice weevils in no-choice experiments .
A calandrae females clearly preferred rice weevil larvae for parasitization over larvae of lesser grain borer regardless of parasitoid population or prior experience .
Also , A calandrae females chose rice weevil larvae for producing female progeny and lesser grain borer for male progeny in choice experiments .
The implications of the results of this study are discussed in relation to host preference and the selection of parasitoid populations for biological control programs in stored grains .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of Prior Experience on Host Selection and Host Utilization by Two Populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of biological control of rice weevil by Anisopteromalus calandrae with a population of two Aspergillus spp .
| | Author: Yoon EY Nam Y Ryoo MI | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 38 P : 121-8 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19791605 Accession (PMID): 19791605 | | Abstract: In this study , we assessed the interaction occurring between the rice weevil and two storage molds ( Aspergillus candidus Link and Aspergillus niger Van Tiegem ) that prefer different moisture regimens under rice storage conditions .
Rice weevil induced rapid population growth in both of the storage molds .
The colony forming units ( CFUs ) of A candidus and A niger peaked at 10 ( 9 . 00 +/- 0 . 02 ) and 10 ( 7 . 72 +/- 0 . 03 ) /g , respectively .
All of the rice grains were infested with the molds and eventually deteriorated ; in the jars infested with A candidus , no living weevils were found after 135 d .
Suppression of the rice weevil by its larval parasitoid , Anisopteromalus calandrae ( Howard ) , significantly retarded the growth of A candidus but completely halted the growth of A niger , which was replaced by xerophyllic molds including Aspergillus penicilloides Spegazzini and Wallemia sebi ( Fries ) .
Regression analyses showed that the total number of weevils was a significant factor explaining grain moisture content , which was in turn a significant factor in the growth of both mold species .
The growth of A niger was dependent on the grain moisture content ( r2 = 0 . 52 ) , thereby suggesting that the growth of A niger was caused primarily by activity of the rice weevil and the resulting increased grain moisture content .
However , 27% of the growth of A candidus was explained by grain moisture contents , suggesting that a factor other than the grain moisture content may also affect its growth .
Suppression of rice weevil by A calandrae could induce an A candidus-dominant molds community , which would be a factor for consideration in biological control program .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of biological control of rice weevil by Anisopteromalus calandrae with a population of two Aspergillus spp .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of ENSO-driven precipitation on population irruptions of the Yangtze vole Microtus fortis calamorum in the Dongting Lake region of China .
| | Author: Zhang Z Xu L Guo C Wang Y Guo Y | | Journal: Integr Zool Citation: V : 5 P : 176-84 Year: 2010 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21392335 Accession (PMID): 21392335 | | Abstract: The Yangtze vole ( Microtus fortis Buechner , 1889 ) is a small herbivore species that inhabits lake beaches in the Dongting Lake region along the Yangtze River in Southern China .
Its population shows strong oscillations during the wet season due to summer precipitation-induced immigration away from the lake into adjacent rice fields .
The effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation-driven precipitation on population abundance and growth of the vole species is not fully understood .
We undertook an analysis of the combined data of 4 time series covering 1981-2006 from 4 different sites and a separate analysis on a single time series ( 1981-2006 ) from one site .
Our results demonstrate that a dual effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation-driven precipitation on the population abundance of voles is time-dependent : precipitation in the current year has a positive effect , whereas precipitation in the previous year has a negative effect .
The dual effect of precipitation on vole population is well explained by the unique interactions among vole population , precipitation water level and the lake beach habitat around Dongting Lake .
We found that drier than average weather of the previous year benefited voles because their breeding habitats , lake beaches , were exposed for long stretches of time .
Wet weather was found to increase the number of voles inhabiting rice fields because as the water level of the lake rose they were forced from beaches into surrounding rice fields .
Summer precipitation in the Dongting Lake region was found to be positively associated with the sea surface temperature ( SST ) of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean of the previous year and winter SST and spring SST of the current year .
Annual rates of increase in the vole population of the reconstructed time series are negatively associated with the vole abundance and autumn precipitation of the previous year and winter precipitation of the current years .
These results suggest that both extrinsic and density-dependent intrinsic factors may affect population dynamics of the Yangtze voles .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of ENSO-driven precipitation on population irruptions of the Yangtze vole Microtus fortis calamorum in the Dongting Lake region of China .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
