| 28 matches found in 22 documents. Search time: 0.032 seconds. |
|---|
|
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein kinase from developing castor oil seeds : partial purification , characterization , and reversible control by photosynthate supply .
| | Author: Murmu J Plaxton WC | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 226 P : 1299-310 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17624549 Accession (PMID): 17624549 | | Abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPC , EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 31 ) protein kinase ( PPCK ) was purified approximately 1 , 500-fold from developing castor oil seeds ( COS ) .
Gel filtration and immunoblotting with anti- ( rice PPCK2 ) -immune serum indicated that this Ca2+-insensitive PPCK exists as a 31-kDa monomer .
COS PPCK-mediated rephosphorylation of the 107-kDa subunit ( p107 ) of COS PEPC1 ( Km = 2 . 2 microM ) activated PEPC1 by approximately 80% when assayed under suboptimal conditions ( pH 7 . 3 , 0 . 2 mM PEP , and 0 . 125 mM malate ) .
COS PPCK displayed remarkable selectivity for phosphorylating COS PEPC1 ( relative to tobacco , sorghum , or maize PEPCs ) , exhibited a broad pH-activity optima of approximately pH 8 . 5 , and at pH 7 . 3 was activated 40-65% by 1 mM PEP , or 10 mM Gln or Asn , but inhibited 65% by 10 mM L-malate .
The possible control of COS PPCK by disulfide-dithiol interconversion was suggested by its rapid inactivation and subsequent reactivation when incubated with oxidized glutathione and then dithiothreitol .
In vitro PPCK activity correlated with in vivo p107 phosphorylation status , with both peaking in mid-cotyledon to full-cotyledon developing COS .
Notably , PPCK activity and p107 phosphorylation of developing COS were eliminated following pod excision or prolonged darkness of intact plants .
Both effects were fully reversed 12 h following reillumination of darkened plants .
These results implicate a direct relationship between the up-regulation of COS PPCK and p107 phosphorylation during the recommencement of photosynthate delivery from illuminated leaves to the non-photosynthetic COS .
Overall , the results support the hypothesis that PEPC and PPCK participate in the control of photosynthate partitioning into C-skeletons needed as precursors for key biosynthetic pathways of developing COS .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPC , EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 31 ) protein kinase ( PPCK ) was purified approximately 1 , 500-fold from developing castor oil seeds ( COS ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Divergence of evolutionary ways among common sym genes : CASTOR and CCaMK show functional conservation between two symbiosis systems and constitute the root of a common signaling pathway .
| | Author: Banba M Gutjahr C Miyao A Hirochika H Paszkowski U Kouchi H Imaizumi-Anraku H | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 49 P : 1659-71 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18852152 Accession (PMID): 18852152 | | Abstract: In recent years a number of legume genes involved in root nodule ( RN ) symbiosis have been identified in the model legumes , Lotus japonicus ( Lotus ) and Medicago truncatula .
Among them , a distinct set of genes has been categorized as a common symbiosis pathway ( CSP ) , because they are also essential for another mutual interaction , the arbuscular mycorrhiza ( AM ) symbiosis , which is evolutionarily older than the RN symbiosis and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom .
Based on the concept that the legume RN symbiosis has evolved from the ancient AM symbiosis , one issue is whether the CSP is functionally conserved between non-nodulating plants , such as rice , and nodulating legumes .
We identified three rice CSP gene orthologs , OsCASTOR , OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK , and demonstrated the indispensable roles of OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK in rice AM symbiosis .
Interestingly , molecular transfection of either OsCASTOR or OsCCaMK could fully complement symbiosis defects in the corresponding Lotus mutant lines for both the AM and RN symbioses .
Our results not only provide a conserved genetic basis for the AM symbiosis between rice and Lotus , but also indicate that the core of the CSP has been well conserved during the evolution of RN symbiosis .
Through evolution , CASTOR and CCaMK have remained as the molecular basis for the maintenance of CSP functions in the two symbiosis systems .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Through evolution , CASTOR and CCaMK have remained as the molecular basis for the maintenance of CSP functions in the two symbiosis systems .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Antiquity and function of CASTOR and POLLUX , the twin ion channel-encoding genes key to the evolution of root symbioses in plants .
| | Author: Chen C Fan C Gao M Zhu H | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 149 P : 306-17 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18978069 Accession (PMID): 18978069 | | Abstract: Root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial bacteria share a common signaling pathway in legumes .
Among the common symbiosis genes are CASTOR and POLLUX , the twin homologous genes in Lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins .
Here , we show that the orthologs of CASTOR and POLLUX are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and nonlegumes .
Using rice ( Oryza sativa ) as a study system , we employ reverse genetic tools ( knockout mutants and RNA interference ) to demonstrate that Os-CASTOR and Os-POLLUX are indispensable for mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice .
Furthermore , a cross-species complementation test indicates that Os-POLLUX can restore nodulation , but not rhizobial infection , to a Medicago truncatula dmi1 mutant .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among the common symbiosis genes are CASTOR and POLLUX , the twin homologous genes in Lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here , we show that the orthologs of CASTOR and POLLUX are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and nonlegumes .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Arbuscular mycorrhiza-specific signaling in rice transcends the common symbiosis signaling pathway .
| | Author: Gutjahr C Banba M Croset V An K Miyao A An G Hirochika H Imaizumi-Anraku H Paszkowski U | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 20 P : 2989-3005 Year: 2008 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19033527 Accession (PMID): 19033527 | | Abstract: Knowledge about signaling in arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbioses is currently restricted to the common symbiosis ( SYM ) signaling pathway discovered in legumes .
This pathway includes calcium as a second messenger and regulates both AM and rhizobial symbioses .
Both monocotyledons and dicotyledons form symbiotic associations with AM fungi , and although they differ markedly in the organization of their root systems , the morphology of colonization is similar .
To identify and dissect AM-specific signaling in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , we developed molecular phenotyping tools based on gene expression patterns that monitor various steps of AM colonization .
These tools were used to distinguish common SYM-dependent and -independent signaling by examining rice mutants of selected putative legume signaling orthologs predicted to be perturbed both upstream ( CASTOR and POLLUX ) and downstream ( CCAMK and CYCLOPS ) of the central , calcium-spiking signal All four mutants displayed impaired AM interactions and altered AM-specific gene expression patterns , therefore demonstrating functional conservation of SYM signaling between distant plant species .
In addition , differential gene expression patterns in the mutants provided evidence for AM-specific but SYM-independent signaling in rice and furthermore for unexpected deviations from the SYM pathway downstream of calcium spiking .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: These tools were used to distinguish common SYM-dependent and -independent signaling by examining rice mutants of selected putative legume signaling orthologs predicted to be perturbed both upstream ( CASTOR and POLLUX ) and downstream ( CCAMK and CYCLOPS ) of the central , calcium-spiking signal All four mutants displayed impaired AM interactions and altered AM-specific gene expression patterns , therefore demonstrating functional conservation of SYM signaling between distant plant species .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Deacidification of high free fatty acid-containing rice bran oil by non-conventional reesterification process .
| | Author: Singh S Singh RP | | Journal: J Oleo Sci Citation: V : 58 P : 53-6 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19145058 Accession (PMID): 19145058 | | Abstract: Rice bran ( Oryza sativa ) oil is known for containing higher amount of free fatty acid ( FFA ) generated by hydrolytic enzyme .
This FFA causes heavy neutral oil losses due to saponification and emulsification since it produces large amount of soap in the conventional alkali refining process .
In the present study the FFA of degummed rice bran oil ( RBO ) was significantly reduced by reesterifying it with glycerol .
The reesterification process was carried out by varying the temperature and amount of excess glycerol using 0 . 2% catalyst ( SnCl ( 2 ) ) .
The maximum efficiency of the process could be attained at 200 degrees C using 70% excess glycerol and the maximum reduction in acid value ( from 24 . 3 to 3 . 0 ) of RBO was observed within 4 h .
The reesterified RBO was used to prepare stand oil and varnish and their performance characteristics were compared with those of the products obtained from dehydrated castor oil ( DCO ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The reesterified RBO was used to prepare stand oil and varnish and their performance characteristics were compared with those of the products obtained from dehydrated castor oil ( DCO ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: The H-NS-like protein-encoding gene xrvA of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae regulates virulence in rice .
| | Author: Feng JX Song ZZ Duan CJ Zhao S Wu YQ Wang C Dow JM Tang JL | | Journal: Microbiology Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19423625 Accession (PMID): 19423625 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) causes bacterial blight disease in rice , one of the most serious diseases in rice .
The xrvA gene from the Xoo strain 13751 encodes a protein containing a histone-like nucleoid structuring protein ( H-NS ) domain .
The expression of xrvA in the strain 13751 was enhanced in XOM2 minimal medium .
Mutation of the xrvA gene of strain 13751 led to a significant reduction in virulence in the host plant rice , a delayed hypersensitive response ( HR ) in the nonhost castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , a decrease in extracellular polysaccharide ( EPS ) and diffusible signal factor ( DSF ) production , as well as an increase in intracellular glycogen accumulation .
Northern hybridization analyses revealed that the virulence-associated genes hrpG , hrpX , rpfC , rpfF , rpfG and gumB were down-regulated in the xrvA mutant compared to the wild-type and complemented strains .
Interestingly , increase of copy number of xrvA in the wild-type strain 13751 resulted in a strain showing similar phenotypes as the xrvA mutant and a reduction of the expression of gumB , hrpX , rpfC , rpfF and rpfG .
These findings indicate that the xrvA gene , which is highly conserved in the sequenced strains of Xanthomonas , encodes an important regulatory factor for the virulence of Xoo .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mutation of the xrvA gene of strain 13751 led to a significant reduction in virulence in the host plant rice , a delayed hypersensitive response ( HR ) in the nonhost castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , a decrease in extracellular polysaccharide ( EPS ) and diffusible signal factor ( DSF ) production , as well as an increase in intracellular glycogen accumulation .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Gene-based microsatellites for cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) : prevalence , polymorphisms , and cross-taxa utility .
| | Author: Raji AA Anderson JV Kolade OA Ugwu CD Dixon AG Ingelbrecht IL | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 9 P : 118 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19747391 Accession (PMID): 19747391 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) , a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates , is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat , rice , maize , potato and barley .
The repertoire of simple sequence repeat ( SSR ) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic SSRs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications .
RESULTS : A total of 846 putative microsatellites were identified in silico from an 8 , 577 cassava unigene set with an average density of one SSR every 7 kb .
One hundred and ninety-two candidate SSRs were screened for polymorphism among a panel of cassava cultivars from Africa , Latin America and Asia , four wild Manihot species as well as two other important taxa in the Euphorbiaceae , leafy spurge ( Euphorbia esula ) and castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) .
Of 168 markers with clean amplification products , 124 ( 73 . 8% ) displayed polymorphism based on high resolution agarose gels .
Of 85 EST-SSR markers screened , 80 ( 94 . 1% ) amplified alleles from one or more wild species ( M epruinosa , M glaziovii , M brachyandra , M tripartita ) whereas 13 ( 15 . 3% ) amplified alleles from castor bean and 9 ( 10 . 6% ) amplified alleles from leafy spurge ; hence nearly all markers were transferable to wild relatives of M esculenta while only a fraction was transferable to the more distantly related taxa .
In a subset of 20 EST-SSRs assessed by fluorescence-based genotyping the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 4 . 55 per locus .
These markers had a polymorphism information content ( PIC ) from 0 . 19 to 0 . 75 with an average value of 0 . 55 and showed genetic relationships consistent with existing information on these genotypes .
CONCLUSION : A set of 124 new , unique polymorphic EST-SSRs was developed and characterized which extends the repertoire of SSR markers for cultivated cassava and its wild relatives .
The markers show high PIC values and therefore will be useful for cultivar identification , taxonomic studies , and genetic mapping .
The study further shows that mining ESTs is a highly efficient strategy for polymorphism detection within the cultivated cassava gene pool .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: One hundred and ninety-two candidate SSRs were screened for polymorphism among a panel of cassava cultivars from Africa , Latin America and Asia , four wild Manihot species as well as two other important taxa in the Euphorbiaceae , leafy spurge ( Euphorbia esula ) and castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of 85 EST-SSR markers screened , 80 ( 94 . 1% ) amplified alleles from one or more wild species ( M epruinosa , M glaziovii , M brachyandra , M tripartita ) whereas 13 ( 15 . 3% ) amplified alleles from castor bean and 9 ( 10 . 6% ) amplified alleles from leafy spurge ; hence nearly all markers were transferable to wild relatives of M esculenta while only a fraction was transferable to the more distantly related taxa .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Transesterification/acetylation of long chain alcohols with alkyl acetate .
| | Author: Kaewkool P Krisnangkura K | | Journal: Chem Phys Lipids Citation: V : 163 P : 685-8 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20599854 Accession (PMID): 20599854 | | Abstract: Gas chromatographic characterizations of fatty alcohols are generally carried out as the free alcohols , trimethyl silyl or acetyl derivatives .
In this study , transesterification/acetylation of long chain fatty alcohols is simply carried out by dissolving the alcohol in ethyl/methyl acetate and passing through a micro-column packed with solid NaOH .
Reaction times are slightly different for alcohols of different chain length .
Rice bran alcohols of 24-34 carbon atom are successfully acetylated .
Also , castor oil methyl ester can be interesterified but with longer reaction time .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Also , castor oil methyl ester can be interesterified but with longer reaction time .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Macromolecules in phloem exudates--a review .
| | Author: Atkins CA Smith PM Rodriguez-Medina C | | Journal: Protoplasma Citation: V : 248 P : 165-72 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21057827 Accession (PMID): 21057827 | | Abstract: Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses using the growing resources of genomic information have been applied to identification of macromolecules in exudates collected from phloem .
Most of the analyses rely on collection of exudate following incisions made to the vasculature , but some limited data are available for exudates collected from excised aphid stylets .
Species examined , to date , include a number of cereals ( rice , barley , and wheat ) , a number of cucurbits , castor bean , members of the genus Lupinus , brassicas , and Arabidopsis .
As many as 1 , 100 proteins , some hundreds of transcripts , and a growing number of small ribonucleic acids ( RNAs ) , including micro-RNAs , have been identified across the species with a high degree of commonality .
Questions relating to the nature and extent of contamination of sieve element contents with those of surrounding companion cells and nonvascular cells are addressed together with likely functions of identified macromolecules .
The review considers likely translocation and systemic signaling functions among the macromolecular inventory of phloem exudates .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Species examined , to date , include a number of cereals ( rice , barley , and wheat ) , a number of cucurbits , castor bean , members of the genus Lupinus , brassicas , and Arabidopsis .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: The rsmA-like gene rsmA ( Xoo ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae regulates bacterial virulence and production of diffusible signal factor .
| | Author: Zhu PL Zhao S Tang JL Feng JX | | Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Citation: V : 12 P : 227-37 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21355995 Accession (PMID): 21355995 | | Abstract: The plant-pathogenic prokaryote Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) causes bacterial leaf blight , one of the most destructive diseases of rice .
A nonpolar mutant of the rsmA-like gene rsmA ( Xoo ) of the Xoo Chinese strain 13751 was constructed by homologous integration with a suicide plasmid .
Virulence tests on a host plant , namely the hybrid rice cultivar Teyou 63 , showed that the mutant had lost its virulence almost completely , whereas tests on a nonhost , namely castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , showed that the mutant had also lost the ability to induce a hypersensitive response in the nonhost In addition , the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant produced significantly smaller amounts of the diffusible signal factor , extracellular endoglucanase , amylase and extracellular polysaccharide , but showed significantly higher glycogen accumulation , bacterial aggregation and cell adhesion .
The expression of most hrp genes , genes encoding AvrBs3/PthA family members , rpfB , xrvA , glgA , eglXoB and XOO0175 ( encoding an alpha-amylase ) was down-regulated in the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant .
All phenotypes and expression levels of the tested genes in the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant were restored to their levels in the wild-type by the presence of rsmA ( Xoo ) in trans .
These results indicate that rsmA ( Xoo ) is essential for the virulence of Xoo .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Virulence tests on a host plant , namely the hybrid rice cultivar Teyou 63 , showed that the mutant had lost its virulence almost completely , whereas tests on a nonhost , namely castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , showed that the mutant had also lost the ability to induce a hypersensitive response in the nonhost In addition , the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant produced significantly smaller amounts of the diffusible signal factor , extracellular endoglucanase , amylase and extracellular polysaccharide , but showed significantly higher glycogen accumulation , bacterial aggregation and cell adhesion .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Gene expression analysis of flax seed development .
| | Author: Venglat P Xiang D Qiu S Stone SL Tibiche C Cram D Alting-Mees M Nowak J Cloutier S Deyholos M Bekkaoui F Sharpe A Wang E Rowland G Selvaraj G Datla R | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 11 P : 74 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21529361 Accession (PMID): 21529361 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Flax , Linum usitatissimum L , is an important crop whose seed oil and stem fiber have multiple industrial applications .
Flax seeds are also well-known for their nutritional attributes , viz . , omega-3 fatty acids in the oil and lignans and mucilage from the seed coat .
In spite of the importance of this crop , there are few molecular resources that can be utilized toward improving seed traits .
Here , we describe flax embryo and seed development and generation of comprehensive genomic resources for the flax seed .
RESULTS : We describe a large-scale generation and analysis of expressed sequences in various it issues .
Collectively , the 13 libraries we have used provide a broad representation of genes active in developing embryos ( globular , heart , torpedo , cotyledon and mature stages ) seed coats ( globular and torpedo stages ) and endosperm ( pooled globular to torpedo stages ) and genes expressed in flowers , etiolated seedlings , leaves , and stem it issue .
A total of 261 , 272 expressed sequence tags ( EST ) ( GenBank accessions LIBEST_026995 to LIBEST_027011 ) were generated .
These EST libraries included transcription factor genes that are typically expressed at low levels , indicating that the depth is adequate for in silico expression analysis .
Assembly of the ESTs resulted in 30 , 640 unigenes and 82% of these could be identified on the basis of homology to known and hypothetical genes from other plants .
When compared with fully sequenced plant genomes , the flax unigenes resembled poplar and castor bean more than grape , sorghum , rice or Arabidopsis .
Nearly one-fifth of these ( 5 , 152 ) had no homologs in sequences reported for any organism , suggesting that this category represents genes that are likely unique to flax .
Digital analyses revealed gene expression dynamics for the biosynthesis of a number of important seed constituents during seed development .
CONCLUSIONS : We have developed a foundational database of expressed sequences and collection of plasmid clones that comprise even low-expressed genes such as those encoding transcription factors .
This has allowed us to delineate the spatio-temporal aspects of gene expression underlying the biosynthesis of a number of important seed constituents in flax .
Flax belongs to a taxonomic group of diverse plants and the large sequence database will allow for evolutionary studies as well .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: When compared with fully sequenced plant genomes , the flax unigenes resembled poplar and castor bean more than grape , sorghum , rice or Arabidopsis .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Formation and stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing rice bran oil : in vitro and in vivo assessments .
| | Author: Bernardi DS Pereira TA Maciel NR Bortoloto J Viera GS Oliveira GC Rocha-Filho PA | | Journal: J Nanobiotechnology Citation: V : 9 P : 44 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21952107 Accession (PMID): 21952107 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Nanoemulsions have practical application in a multitude of commercial areas , such as the chemical , pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries .
Cosmetic industries use rice bran oil in sunscreen formulations , anti ageing products and in treatments for skin diseases .
The aim of this study was to create rice bran oil nanoemulsions using low energy emulsification methods and to evaluate their physical stability , irritation potential and moisturising activity on volunteers with normal and diseased skin types .
RESULTS : The nanoemulsion developed by this phase diagram method was composed of 10% rice bran oil , 10% surfactants sorbitan oleate/PEG-30 castor oil , 0 . 05% antioxidant and 0 . 50% preservatives formulated in distilled water .
The nanoemulsion was stable over the time course of this study .
In vitro assays showed that this formulation has a low irritation potential , and when applied to human skin during in vivo studies , the nanoemulsion improved the skins moisture and maintained normal skin pH values .
CONCLUSION : The results of irritation potential studies and in vivo assessments indicate that this nanoemulsion has potential to be a useful tool to treat skin diseases , such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : The nanoemulsion developed by this phase diagram method was composed of 10% rice bran oil , 10% surfactants sorbitan oleate/PEG-30 castor oil , 0 . 05% antioxidant and 0 . 50% preservatives formulated in distilled water .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: A rice transient assay system identifies a novel domain in NRR required for interaction with NH1/OsNPR1 and inhibition of NH1-mediated transcriptional activation .
| | Author: Chern M Bai W Sze-To WH Canlas PE Bartley LE Ronald PC | | Journal: Plant Methods Citation: V : 8 P : 6 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22353606 Accession (PMID): 22353606 | | Abstract: ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND : Arabidopsis NPR1 is a master regulator of systemic acquired resistance .
NPR1 binds to TGA transcription factors and functions as a transcriptional co-activator .
In rice , NH1/OsNPR1 functions to enhance innate immunity .
NRR disrupts NH1 function , when over-expressed .
RESULTS : We have established a rice transient protoplast assay to demonstrate that NH1 is a transcriptional co-activator and that NRR represses NH1-mediated activation .
We identified three NRR homologues ( RH1 , RH2 , and RH3 ) .
RH1 and RH3 , but not RH2 , also effectively repress NH1-mediated transcriptional activation .
NRR , RH1 , RH2 , and RH3 share sequence similarity in a region beyond the previously identified NPR1-interacting domain .
This region is required for strong interaction with NH1 .
A double point mutation , W66A/F70A , in this novel NH1-interacting domain severely reduces interaction with NH1 .
Mutation W66A/F70A also greatly reduces the ability of NRR to repress NH1-mediated activation .
RH2 carries a deviation ( amino acids AV ) in this region as compared to consensus sequences ( amino acids ED ) among NRR , RH1 , and RH3 .
A substitution ( AV to ED ) in RH2 results in strong binding of mutant RH2ED to NH1 and effective repression of NH1-mediated activation .
CONCLUSIONS : The protoplast-based transient system can be used to dissect protein domains associated with their functions .
Our results demonstrate that the ability of NRR and its homologues to repress NH1-mediated transcriptional activation is tightly correlated with their ability to bind to NH1 .
Furthermore , a sequence is identified as a novel NH1-interacting domain .
Importantly , this novel sequence is widely present in plant species , from cereals to castor bean plants , to poplar trees , to Arabidopsis , indicating its significance in plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: Importantly , this novel sequence is widely present in plant species , from cereals to castor bean plants , to poplar trees , to Arabidopsis , indicating its significance in plants .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Identification and expression profiles of the WRKY transcription factor family in Ricinus communis .
| | Author: Li HL Zhang LB Guo D Li CZ Peng SQ | | Journal: Gene Citation: V : 503 P : 248-53 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22579867 Accession (PMID): 22579867 | | Abstract: In plants , WRKY proteins constitute a large family of transcription factors .
They are involved in many biological processes , such as plant development , metabolism , and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses .
A large number of WRKY transcription factors have been reported from Arabidopsis , rice , and other higher plants .
The recent publication of the draft genome sequence of castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) has allowed a genome-wide search for R communis WRKY ( RcWRKY ) transcription factors and the comparison of these positively identified proteins with their homologs in model plants .
A total of 47 WRKY genes were identified in the castor bean genome .
According to the structural features of the WRKY domain , the RcWRKY are classified into seven main phylogenetic groups .
Furthermore , putative orthologs of RcWRKY proteins in Arabidopsis and rice could now be assigned .
An analysis of expression profiles of RcWRKY genes indicates that 47 WRKY genes display differential expressions either in their transcript abundance or expression patterns under normal growth conditions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The recent publication of the draft genome sequence of castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) has allowed a genome-wide search for R communis WRKY ( RcWRKY ) transcription factors and the comparison of these positively identified proteins with their homologs in model plants .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 47 WRKY genes were identified in the castor bean genome .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Enhancement of foreign gene expression by a dicot intron in rice but not in tobacco is correlated with an increased level of mRNA and an efficient splicing of the intron .
| | Author: Tanaka A Mita S Ohta S Kyozuka J Shimamoto K Nakamura K | | Journal: Nucleic Acids Res .
Citation: V : 18 ( 23 ) P : 6767-70 Year: 1990 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2263444 Accession (PMID): 2263444 | | Abstract: The first intron of castor bean catalase gene , cat-1 was placed in the N-terminal region of the coding sequence of the beta-glucuronidase gene ( gusA ) and the intron-containing gusA was used with the cauliflower mosaic virus ( CaMV ) 35S promoter .
Using this plasmid , pIG221 , the effect of the intron on expression of beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) activity was examined in transgenic rice calli and plants ( a monocotyledon ) , and transgenic tobacco plants ( a dicotyledon ) .
The intron-containing plasmid increased the level of GUS enzyme activity 10 to 40-fold and 80 to 90-fold compared with the intronless plasmid , pBI221 , in transgenic rice protoplasts and transgenic rice it issues , respectively .
In contrast , the presence of the intron hardly influenced the expression of the GUS activity in transgenic tobacco plants .
Northern blot analysis showed that the catalase intron was efficiently spliced in rice cells while transgenic tobacco plants contained both spliced and unspliced gusA transcripts in equal amounts .
Furthermore , the level of the mature gusA transcript in transformed rice calli was greatly increased in the presence of the intron .
The catalase intron was removed at the same splice junctions in transgenic rice and tobacco plants .
These findings indicate that the stimulating effect of the intron on GUS expression is correlated with an efficient splicing of pre-mRNA and an increased level of mature mRNA . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The first intron of castor bean catalase gene , cat-1 was placed in the N-terminal region of the coding sequence of the beta-glucuronidase gene ( gusA ) and the intron-containing gusA was used with the cauliflower mosaic virus ( CaMV ) 35S promoter .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Purification and characterization of phospholipase D ( PLD ) from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and cloning of cDNA for PLD from rice and maize ( Zea mays L ) .
| | Author: Ueki J Morioka S Komari T Kumashiro T | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 36 ( 5 ) P : 903-14 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7551587 Accession (PMID): 7551587 | | Abstract: Phospholipase D ( PLD ) was purified to high homogeneity from rice bran ( Oryza sativa L ) .
Two peaks of PLD activity were resolved by Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography .
The molecular mass of PLD in both peaks was 82 kDa on SDS-PAGE and 78 kDa in gel filtration .
Antibodies raised against the protein in one of the peaks precipitated the enzyme activities in both peaks .
Enzymatic characteristics of PLD in the two peaks were identical except for a difference of 0 . 1 in the isoelectric points .
Sequence analysis covering more than 10% of the amino acids of the proteins and peptide mapping did not detect any difference in the primary structure of the proteins .
A cDNA for PLD was isolated from rice and it encoded a protein of 812 residues .
The N-terminal sequences of purified PLDs matched the deduced amino acid sequence starting from residue 47 .
A Northern blot showed this gene was expressed in leaves , roots , developing seeds and cultured cells , and a Southern blot detected a single band of rice genomic DNA hybridizing to the cDNA .
A cDNA for PLD was also isolated from maize .
The similarity of the deduced amino acid sequences of PLD was 90% between rice and maize , 73% between the cereals and castor bean . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The similarity of the deduced amino acid sequences of PLD was 90% between rice and maize , 73% between the cereals and castor bean .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 7.00 |
|---|
| Title: Screening for IgE mediated allergy among people working in the Marseilles harbour .
| | Author: Panzani RC Falagiani P Riva G Mercier P Delord . | | Journal: Citation: V : 21 ( 1 ) P : 25-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8328353 Accession (PMID): 8328353 | | Abstract: Screening for IgE mediated allergy by RASTs to professional ( castor bean , green coffee , peanut , soy protein , wheat , rice ) , and non professional ( pollens , mites , cat , Alternaria tenuis ) air borne antigens among 36 people working in the Marseilles harbour has showed rather unexpected findings : only one case of IgE positivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( class I ) and one case of IgE positivity to castor bean seed ( Ricinus communis ) ( class IV ) .
IgG4 specific antibodies against castor bean and green coffee were also measured by an ELISA technique , with eleven cases of positivity to castor bean and only one case to green coffee being recorded .
Several explanations can be put forward for the low incidence of IgE responses to the commonest airborne antigens and to the professional antigens ( castor bean being the only offender ) , and for the rather high incidence of specific IgG4 antibodies to castor bean .
Most likely , the low incidence of latent atopy is the result of a natural selection among the workers who gave up their job if experiencing of discomfort .
As far as the elevated IgG4 antibody levels to castor bean are concerned , these are probably natural blocking antibodies .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Screening for IgE mediated allergy by RASTs to professional ( castor bean , green coffee , peanut , soy protein , wheat , rice ) , and non professional ( pollens , mites , cat , Alternaria tenuis ) air borne antigens among 36 people working in the Marseilles harbour has showed rather unexpected findings : only one case of IgE positivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( class I ) and one case of IgE positivity to castor bean seed ( Ricinus communis ) ( class IV ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: IgG4 specific antibodies against castor bean and green coffee were also measured by an ELISA technique , with eleven cases of positivity to castor bean and only one case to green coffee being recorded .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Several explanations can be put forward for the low incidence of IgE responses to the commonest airborne antigens and to the professional antigens ( castor bean being the only offender ) , and for the rather high incidence of specific IgG4 antibodies to castor bean .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: As far as the elevated IgG4 antibody levels to castor bean are concerned , these are probably natural blocking antibodies .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in plants : occurrence , molecular composition , and phospholipid origin .
| | Author: Chapman KD Moore TS .
| | Journal: Arch . Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 301 ( 1 ) P : 21-33 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8442663 Accession (PMID): 8442663 | | Abstract: We have identified a microsomal phospholipid as N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine ( NAPE ) that was radiolabeled following incubation of 1-day-old cotyledons of cotton seedlings with [ 14C ] ethanolamine .
Radiolabeled NAPE comigrated with commercially available L-alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ( N-palmitoyl ) ethanolamine ( std-NAPE ) in one and two-dimensional TLC .
This NAPE comprised 7 . 2 +/- 1 . 0% ( by weight ) of microsomal phospholipids when hot isopropanol was used to inactivate endogenous phospholipases prior to extraction of lipids .
In vitro degradation of putative cottonseed radiolabeled NAPE by Streptomyces chromofuscus phospholipase D resulted in production of a ninhydrin-reactive , radiolabeled lipid which comigrated with N-acylethanolamine ( NAE ) that was produced from a similar enzymatic cleavage of std-NAPE .
Transmethylation of cottonseed radiolabeled NAE yielded radiolabeled ethanolamine and fatty acid methyl esters , nearly all of which were saturated ( myristate , palmitate , and stearate together were 92% of the acyl components of cottonseed NAE ) .
Positional analysis and relative abundance of the O-acyl groups of cottonseed microsomal NAPE were determined following a double enzymatic cleavage with Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom ( phospholipase A2 activity ) and S chromofuscus phospholipase D We substantiated our identification of cottonseed NAPE by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry ( fast-atom-bombardment ionization and tandem MS , FAB-MS/MS ) .
Radiolabeled NAPE was synthesized in vivo in varying amounts from [ 14C ] ethanolamine applied to maturing seeds of cotton and soybean , cotyledons of dark-grown cotton and soybean seedlings , cotyledons of light-grown okra , cotton and soybean seedlings , endosperm it issue of castor bean , and suspension cell cultures of rice .
In pulse-chase radiolabeling experiments in cotyledons of 1-day-old cotton seedlings , radiolabeled NAPE increased and radiolabeled phosphatidylethanolamine ( PE ) decreased over a 12-h chase period ( in the dark or light ) , suggesting that NAPE was synthesized from PE in vivo .
In vitro , the synthesis of NAPE from PE ( radiolabeled in vivo ) proceeded in a linear fashion in microsomes of cotton cotyledons with or without 1 mM EGTA and with or without 1 mM CaCl2 for 90 min .
NAPE was synthesized in vitro from PE synthesized by the exchange pathway ( microsomes preincubated with [ 14C ] ++e+thanolamine ) and from PE synthesized by the nucleotide pathway ( microsomes preincubated with [ 14C ] CDPethanolamine ) .
Collectively , our data indicate that ( a ) NAPE is a widespread , natural phospholipid component of plants , ( b ) NAPE is synthesized in vivo under normal physiological growth conditions in cotyledons of cotton seedlings , ( c ) NAPE is localized and synthesized in cottonseed microsomes , and ( d ) NAPE is likely synthesized by a direct acylation of PE . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Radiolabeled NAPE was synthesized in vivo in varying amounts from [ 14C ] ethanolamine applied to maturing seeds of cotton and soybean , cotyledons of dark-grown cotton and soybean seedlings , cotyledons of light-grown okra , cotton and soybean seedlings , endosperm it issue of castor bean , and suspension cell cultures of rice .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Distinct annexin subfamilies in plants and protists diverged prior to animal annexins and from a common ancestor .
| | Author: Morgan RO Pilar Fernandez M | | Journal: J Mol .
Evol Citation: V : 44 ( 2 ) P : 178-88 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9069178 Accession (PMID): 9069178 | | Abstract: Annexin homologues in the kingdoms of Planta and Protista were characterized by molecular sequence analysis to determine their phylogenetic and structural relationship with annexins of Animalia .
Sequence fragments from 19 plant annexins were identified in sequence databases and composite sequences were also assembled from expressed sequence tags for Arabidopsis thaliana .
Length differences in protein aminotermini and evidence for unique exon splice sites indicated that plant annexins were distinct from those of animals .
A third annexin gene of Giardia lamblia ( Anx21-Gla ) was identified as a distant relative to other protist annexins and to those of higher eukaryotes , thus providing a suitable outgroup for evolutionary reconstruction of the family tree .
Rooted evolutionary trees portrayed protist , plant , and Dictyostelium annexins as early , monophyletic ramifications prior to the appearance of closely related animal annexin XIII .
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequence alignments revealed at least seven separate plant subfamilies , represented by Anx18 ( alfalfa , previously classified ) , Anx22 ( thale cress ) , Anx23 ( thale cress , cotton , rape and cabbage ) , Anx24 ( bell pepper and tomato p34 ) , Anx25 ( strawberry , horseradish , pea , soybean , and castor bean ) , Anx26-Zma , and Anx27-Zma ( maize ) .
Other unique subfamilies may exist for rice , tomato p35 , apple , and celery annexins .
Consensus sequences compiled for each eukaryotic kingdom showed some breakdown of the "annexin-fold" motif in repeats 2 and 3 of protist and plant annexins and a conserved codon deletion in repeat 3 of plants .
The characterization of distinct annexin genes in plants and protists reflects their comparable diversity among animal species and offers alternative models for the comparative study of structure-function relationships within this important gene family .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequence alignments revealed at least seven separate plant subfamilies , represented by Anx18 ( alfalfa , previously classified ) , Anx22 ( thale cress ) , Anx23 ( thale cress , cotton , rape and cabbage ) , Anx24 ( bell pepper and tomato p34 ) , Anx25 ( strawberry , horseradish , pea , soybean , and castor bean ) , Anx26-Zma , and Anx27-Zma ( maize ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein kinase from developing castor oil seeds : partial purification , characterization , and reversible control by photosynthate supply .
| | Author: Murmu J Plaxton WC | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 226 P : 1299-310 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17624549 Accession (PMID): 17624549 | | Abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPC , EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 31 ) protein kinase ( PPCK ) was purified approximately 1 , 500-fold from developing castor oil seeds ( COS ) .
Gel filtration and immunoblotting with anti- ( rice PPCK2 ) -immune serum indicated that this Ca2+-insensitive PPCK exists as a 31-kDa monomer .
COS PPCK-mediated rephosphorylation of the 107-kDa subunit ( p107 ) of COS PEPC1 ( Km = 2 . 2 microM ) activated PEPC1 by approximately 80% when assayed under suboptimal conditions ( pH 7 . 3 , 0 . 2 mM PEP , and 0 . 125 mM malate ) .
COS PPCK displayed remarkable selectivity for phosphorylating COS PEPC1 ( relative to tobacco , sorghum , or maize PEPCs ) , exhibited a broad pH-activity optima of approximately pH 8 . 5 , and at pH 7 . 3 was activated 40-65% by 1 mM PEP , or 10 mM Gln or Asn , but inhibited 65% by 10 mM L-malate .
The possible control of COS PPCK by disulfide-dithiol interconversion was suggested by its rapid inactivation and subsequent reactivation when incubated with oxidized glutathione and then dithiothreitol .
In vitro PPCK activity correlated with in vivo p107 phosphorylation status , with both peaking in mid-cotyledon to full-cotyledon developing COS .
Notably , PPCK activity and p107 phosphorylation of developing COS were eliminated following pod excision or prolonged darkness of intact plants .
Both effects were fully reversed 12 h following reillumination of darkened plants .
These results implicate a direct relationship between the up-regulation of COS PPCK and p107 phosphorylation during the recommencement of photosynthate delivery from illuminated leaves to the non-photosynthetic COS .
Overall , the results support the hypothesis that PEPC and PPCK participate in the control of photosynthate partitioning into C-skeletons needed as precursors for key biosynthetic pathways of developing COS .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein kinase from developing castor oil seeds : partial purification , characterization , and reversible control by photosynthate supply .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
