| 4706 matches found in 3237 documents. Search time: 0.114 seconds. |
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| Title: Copper status of ewes fed increasing amounts of copper from copper sulfate or copper proteinate .
| | Author: Eckert GE Greene LW Carstens GE Ramsey WS .
| | Journal: J Anim . Sci . Citation: V : 77 ( 1 ) P : 244-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10064051 Accession (PMID): 10064051 | | Abstract: The Cu status of mature , crossbred ewes fed two sources ( CuSO4 vs Cu proteinate ) and three levels ( 10 , 20 , or 30 mg/kg ) of dietary Cu was determined in a 73-d feeding trial Ewes ( n = 30 ) were fed a basal diet containing rice meal feed , cottonseed hulls , cottonseed meal , meat and bone meal , cracked corn , and vitamin-mineral supplements at 2 . 5% of BW to meet NRC requirements for protein , energy , macrominerals , and microminerals , excluding Cu .
The basal diet contained 5 mg/kg Cu , 113 mg/kg Fe , . 1 mg/kg Mo , and . 17% S Copper sulfate or Cu proteinate was added to the basal diet to supply 10 , 20 , or 30 mg/kg of dietary copper in a 2x3 factorial arrangement of treatments .
Ewes were housed in 3 . 7 x 9 . 1-m pens in an open-sided barn .
Blood samples were collected on d 28 and 73 .
Ewes were slaughtered on d 74 , and liver and other it issues were collected to determine Cu concentrations .
An interaction ( P = . 08 ) occurred between source and level for liver Cu .
The interaction existed due to an increase in liver Cu concentrations when ewes were fed increasing dietary Cu from CuSO4 but not when fed Cu proteinate diets .
There was no source x level interaction ( P> . 10 ) for the blood constituents measured .
On d 73 , plasma ceruloplasmin activity was greater ( P< . 05 ) in ewes fed Cu proteinate than in those fed CuSO4 ( 33 . 1 vs 26 . 8 microM x min ( -1 ) x L ( -1 ) ) .
Increasing the concentration of dietary Cu did not affect ( P> . 10 ) plasma ceruloplasmin .
Packed cell volume ( PCV ) , red blood cell count ( RBC ) , white blood cell count , whole blood hemoglobin ( wHb ) , plasma hemoglobin , and plasma Cu were similar between sources of Cu .
Ewes fed 20 mg/kg Cu had lower ( P< . 05 ) PCV , RBC , and wHb than those fed 10 or 30 mg/kg Cu diets .
Feeding up to 30 mg/kg Cu from these sources did not cause an observable Cu toxicity during the 73-d period .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Cu status of mature , crossbred ewes fed two sources ( CuSO4 vs Cu proteinate ) and three levels ( 10 , 20 , or 30 mg/kg ) of dietary Cu was determined in a 73-d feeding trial Ewes ( n = 30 ) were fed a basal diet containing rice meal feed , cottonseed hulls , cottonseed meal , meat and bone meal , cracked corn , and vitamin-mineral supplements at 2 . 5% of BW to meet NRC requirements for protein , energy , macrominerals , and microminerals , excluding Cu .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Use of urea-molasses-multinutrient block and urea-treated rice straw for improving dairy cattle productivity in Vietnam .
| | Author: Vu DD Cuong LX Dung CA Hai PH .
| | Journal: Prev . Vet . Med . Citation: V : 38 ( 2-3 ) P : 187-93 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10081798 Accession (PMID): 10081798 | | Abstract: After conducting a preliminary survey , a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of urea-molasses-multinutrient block ( UMMB ) and urea-treated rice straw ( UTRS ) as a feed supplement on the productivity of dairy cows .
Sixty Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows on 11 smallholder farms were divided equally into control , UMMB and UTRS supplementation groups .
Milk yield and feed intake were recorded daily .
Milk fat content , body weight and body condition score ( BSC ) of each cow were determined at two week intervals .
Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected once a week commencing one month after parturition .
Data were recorded for date of onset of ovarian activity , estrus , insemination , and conception rate .
Milk production increased by 10 . 3-11 . 9% and milk fat content increased by 3-5% , therefore , profit for farmers increased by US $0 . 55-0 . 73 per cow per day ( exchange rate US $1 = VN $11 , 000 ) .
The intervals from calving to onset of ovarian activity ( 91-94 days ) , to estrus ( 110-114 days ) , to conception ( 121-122 days ) and the calving interval ( 13 . 4-13 . 6 months ) in the trial groups were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( 112 , 135 , 152 days and 14 . 4 months , respectively . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: After conducting a preliminary survey , a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of urea-molasses-multinutrient block ( UMMB ) and urea-treated rice straw ( UTRS ) as a feed supplement on the productivity of dairy cows .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The intervals from calving to onset of ovarian activity ( 91-94 days ) , to estrus ( 110-114 days ) , to conception ( 121-122 days ) and the calving interval ( 13 . 4-13 . 6 months ) in the trial groups were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( 112 , 135 , 152 days and 14 . 4 months , respectively .
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| Title: A low-resolution structure of rice dwarf virus determined by ab initio phasing .
| | Author: Naitow H Morimoto Y Mizuno H Kano H Omura T Koizumi M Tsukihara T | | Journal: Acta Crystallogr .
D Biol . Crystallogr . Citation: V : 55 ( Pt 1 ) P : 77-84 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10089397 Accession (PMID): 10089397 | | Abstract: Rice dwarf virus crystals belong to space group I222 with cell parameters a = 770 ( 2 ) , b = 795 ( 5 ) , c = 814 ( 5 ) A and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees .
The unit cell of the crystal contains two viruses at the origin and body-centred positions .
Using data synthesized from a rice dwarf virus model crystal in the space group I222 , the possibility of ab initio phasing was thoroughly examined .
The centric nature of the initial phases was unexpectedly broken by extensive iteration of the non-crystallographic symmetry averaging .
The structure of rice dwarf virus was then solved with ab initio phasing up to 20 A resolution .
The triangulation number determined by the present study is T = 13 , which is different from the triangulation number , T = 9 , previously determined by electron microscopy [ Uyeda & Shikata ( 1982 ) .
Ann . Phytopathol . Soc . Jpn , 48 , 295-300 ] .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The triangulation number determined by the present study is T = 13 , which is different from the triangulation number , T = 9 , previously determined by electron microscopy [ Uyeda & Shikata ( 1982 ) .
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| Title: New lead compounds for brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitors .
| | Author: Min YK Asami T Fujioka S Murofushi N Yamaguchi I Yoshida S | | Journal: Bioorg . Med . Chem . Lett . Citation: V : 9 ( 3 ) P : 425-30 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10091696 Accession (PMID): 10091696 | | Abstract: The first brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor is reported .
Among newly synthesized triazole derivatives , 4- ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -2-phenyl-3- ( 1 , 2 , 4-triazoyl ) butan-2-ol ( 6 ) was found to inhibit the growth of cress seedlings , and this inhibition was recovered by the treatment of brassinolide , suggesting that compound 6 primarily inhibits brassinosteroid biosynthesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among newly synthesized triazole derivatives , 4- ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -2-phenyl-3- ( 1 , 2 , 4-triazoyl ) butan-2-ol ( 6 ) was found to inhibit the growth of cress seedlings , and this inhibition was recovered by the treatment of brassinolide , suggesting that compound 6 primarily inhibits brassinosteroid biosynthesis .
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| Title: Haemoglobin ( Erythrogen ) -enhanced post-thaw growth of cryopreserved cells .
| | Author: Azhakanandam K Anthony P Lowe KC Davey MR Power JB .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 27 ( 2 ) P : 163-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10092937 Accession (PMID): 10092937 | | Abstract: Supplementation of semi-solid R2 culture medium with a commercial bovine haemoglobin ( Hb ) solution ( Erythrogen ) at 1 : 50-1 : 500 ( v : v ) , had beneficial effects on the growth , following cryopreservation , of cells of the Indica rice , Oryza sativa cv .
Pusa Basmati 1 .
The mean absorbance , as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction , of rice cells at 8 d post-thawing , was increased by up to 60% ( P < 0 . 05 ) , compared to cells recovered in the absence of Hb .
Erythrogen ( 1 : 50-1 : 500 v : v ) promoted an increase in biomass , of up to 25% over control ( P < 0 . 05 ) , at 24 d post-thawing .
Cell suspensions , re-established by transfer to liquid medium of cells initially thawed and cultured with Erythrogen for 24 d , exhibited increased ( up to 2-fold ) growth rates over a subsequent 20-d period , compared to cells recovered without Hb . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mean absorbance , as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction , of rice cells at 8 d post-thawing , was increased by up to 60% ( P < 0 . 05 ) , compared to cells recovered in the absence of Hb .
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| Title: Determination of the thermogenesis curves and studies of the thermodynamics and thermokinetics of seed germination .
| | Author: Zhou PJ Hu YC Wang CX Song ZH Wang TZ Qu SS Zhou HT Zhu YG .
| | Journal: J Biochem . Biophys . Methods Citation: V : 38 ( 3 ) P : 171-80 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10100948 Accession (PMID): 10100948 | | Abstract: The thermogenesis curves of the germination of different rice and tree seeds were determined and studied by using a newly constructed microcalorimeter .
The thermogenesis curves of the germination of the seeds demonstrate the existence of physiological triphasic patterns , which include imbibition , activation and growth stages in the germination process .
The thermodynamics and thermokinetics of the main growth phase of the growth stage in the germination process have been studied .
The growth heat effect ( deltaH ) , the growth rate constant ( k ) , the growth inhibitory factor ( s ) and deceleration rate constant ( beta ) have been determined and calculated , In addition , the experimental thermokinetic equations of the growth stage in the seed germination process have been established . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The thermogenesis curves of the germination of the seeds demonstrate the existence of physiological triphasic patterns , which include imbibition , activation and growth stages in the germination process .
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| Title: Zinc supplementation in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea in Pakistan .
| | Author: Bhutta ZA Nizami SQ Isani Z | | Journal: Pediatrics Citation: V : 103 ( 4 ) P : e42 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10103334 Accession (PMID): 10103334 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the potential benefit of dietary supplementation of a rice-lentil ( Khitchri ) and yogurt diet with 3 mg/kg/d of elemental zinc ( as zinc sulfate ) in hospitalized malnourished children ( age 6-36 months ) with persistent diarrhea for 14 days .
METHODOLOGY : Randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled trial SETTING : Nutrition Research Ward at the National Institute of Child Health , Karachi , Pakistan , where children were admitted for 14 days of inpatient supervised rehabilitation .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Primary outcome : overall weight gain by day 14 .
Secondary outcomes : overall energy intake , stool output , time to diarrheal recovery and weight gain ( >/=3 days ) , plasma zinc , copper , prealbumin , and insulin-like growth factor-1 .
RESULTS : Of 87 children randomized for supplementation with either zinc or placebo , the two groups were comparable at admission in terms of severity and duration of diarrhea , as well as nutritional and anthropometric parameters .
The overall weight gain , stool volume , stool frequency , as well as the time taken for diarrheal recovery or steady weight gain , were comparable for both supplemented children and controls .
Supplemented children had a significant improvement in plasma zinc levels and serum alkaline phosphatase by day 14 of therapy in comparison with controls .
Plasma copper levels were low in both groups at admission and although an increase was seen in control children , levels decreased further after zinc supplementation .
There was no significant difference between the two groups for hemoglobin , serum albumin , prealbumin , and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 increments during the course of therapy .
Evaluation of primary and secondary outcome criteria among the subset of children with plasma zinc levels <60 microg/d at admission did not reveal any significant differences .
CONCLUSIONS : Although there was satisfactory recovery in malnourished children with persistent diarrhea receiving the Khitchri-yogurt diet , there was no evidence of improved weight gain or acceleration of recovery from diarrhea with zinc supplementation .
In contrast , the reduction in plasma copper levels in zinc-supplemented malnourished children suggests that caution should be exercised in supplementing severely malnourished children with zinc alone . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODOLOGY : Randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled trial SETTING : Nutrition Research Ward at the National Institute of Child Health , Karachi , Pakistan , where children were admitted for 14 days of inpatient supervised rehabilitation .
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| Title: The effects of climatic patterns and agricultural practices on the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Asia .
| | Author: Reisen WK Aslamkhan M Basio RG .
| | Journal: Southeast Asian J Trop . Med . Public Health Citation: V : -1 P : 61-71 Year: 1976 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1027111 Accession (PMID): 1027111 | | Abstract: Annual population curves for C tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan , east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea .
In the dry temperature ( Pakistan ) and colder maritime climates ( Japan and Korea ) .
C tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults , while in the warmer maritime climates ( Okinawa and Taiwan ) , gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months .
In these climatic types , the population curves closely paralleled the annual temperature curves .
In the tropical climates , however , temporal population patterns were closely related to available moisture either in the form of annual precipitation and/or rice irrigation .
The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Annual population curves for C tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan , east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: C tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults , while in the warmer maritime climates ( Okinawa and Taiwan ) , gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters .
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| Title: Species diversity and interspecific associations among mosquitoes in rice agro-ecosystem of Kheda district , Gujarat .
| | Author: Kant R Pandey SD Sharma SK Sharma VP .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 35 ( 1 ) P : 22-30 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10319558 Accession (PMID): 10319558 | | Abstract: Rice agro-ecosystem of Kheda district in Central Gujarat was inhabited by 14 species of anophelines and 15 species of culicines .
Anopheles subpictus and Culex vishnui gr dominated the respective groups .
Species diversity in rice fields as well as in associated habitats remained high during non-monsoon ( rabi ) period .
There existed several positive and negative interspecific associations .
Malaria vector An . culicifacies showed positive association with An . subpictus , An . annularis , An . pallidus and Cx . quinquefasciatus but was found negatively associated with An . nigerrimus , Cx . vishnui and Cx . tritaeniorhynchus . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Malaria vector An . culicifacies showed positive association with An . subpictus , An . annularis , An . pallidus and Cx . quinquefasciatus but was found negatively associated with An . nigerrimus , Cx . vishnui and Cx . tritaeniorhynchus .
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| Title: Quantitative genetically nonequivalent reciprocal crosses in cultivated plants .
| | Author: Aksel R | | Journal: Basic Life Sci .
Citation: V : 8 ( ) P : 269-80 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1032105 Accession (PMID): 1032105 | | Abstract: Quantitative expressions of character difference between reciprocal crosses have been studied by different researchers in a number of plant species , such as Epilobium , Zea mays , Oryza sativa , Hordeum sativum , Triticum aestivum , Trifolium hybridum , Linum usitatissimum , Nicotiana rustica , and others .
In all cases it was found that the nonequivalence of reciprocal crosses manifested itself beginning with the F1 generation , with the exception of some flax crosses in which reciprocals differed beginning with the F2 generation .
The nonequivalence of reciprocal crosses usually manifested itself in the inequality of their F1 and/or F2 or backcross means ; however , there were instances in which their means were the same but the variances were different .
Both matroclinous and patroclinous inheritances were reported in plants .
Because of the casual complexity of reciprocal differences the experimental results often lack a simple explanation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Quantitative expressions of character difference between reciprocal crosses have been studied by different researchers in a number of plant species , such as Epilobium , Zea mays , Oryza sativa , Hordeum sativum , Triticum aestivum , Trifolium hybridum , Linum usitatissimum , Nicotiana rustica , and others .
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| Title: [ Food additives and genetically modified food--a risk for allergic patients? ] | | Author: WEhrich B | | Journal: Schweiz . Rundsch . Med . Prax . Citation: V : 88 ( 14 ) P : 609-14 , 616-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10321121 Accession (PMID): 10321121 | | Abstract: Adverse reactions to food and food additives must be classified according to pathogenic criteria .
It is necessary to strictly differentiate between an allergy , triggered by a substance-specific immunological mechanism , and an intolerance , in which no specific immune reaction can be established .
In contrast to views expressed in the media , by laymen and patients , adverse reactions to additives are less frequent than is believed .
Due to frequently "alternative" methods of examination , an allergy to food additives is often wrongly blamed as the cause of a wide variety of symptoms and illness .
Diagnosing an allergy or intolerance to additives normally involves carrying out double-blind , placebo-controlled oral provocation tests with food additives .
Allergic reactions to food additives occur particularly against additives which are organic in origin .
In principle , it is possible that during the manufacture of genetically modified plants and food , proteins are transferred which potentially create allergies .
However , legislation exists both in the USA ( Federal Drug Administration , FDA ) and in Switzerland ( Ordinance on the approval process for GM food , GM food additives and GM accessory agents for processing ) which require a careful analysis before a genetically modified product is launched , particularly where foreign genes are introduced .
Products containing genetically modified organisms ( GMO ) as additives must be declared .
In addition , the source of the foreign protein must be identified .
The "Round-up ready" ( RR ) soya flour introduced in Switzerland is no different from natural soya flour in terms of its allergenic potential Genetically modified food can be a blessing for allergic individuals if gene technology were to succeed in removing the allergen ( eg such possibilities exist for rice ) .
The same caution shown towards genetically modified food might also be advisable for foreign food in our diet .
Luckily , the immune system of the digestive tract in healthy people tolerates foreign antigens .
Food allergies in adults occur mainly among those allergic to pollen .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: It is necessary to strictly differentiate between an allergy , triggered by a substance-specific immunological mechanism , and an intolerance , in which no specific immune reaction can be established .
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| Title: Identification of mutable slender glume gene in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Teraishi M Okumoto Y Hirochika H Horibata A Yamagata H Tanisaka T | | Journal: Mol . Gen . Genet . Citation: V : 261 ( 3 ) P : 487-94 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10323229 Accession (PMID): 10323229 | | Abstract: The segregation pattern and chromosomal location of a slender glume mutation , induced by gamma-ray irradiation , was investigated .
The mutation is genetically unstable : in the selfed progenies of slender glumed plants , not only plants with normal glumes but also plants that are chimeric for glume shape almost always appear at low frequency .
The results showed that the mutation is controlled by a single recessive , mutable mutant gene slg .
The frequency of reversion of slg to its wild-type state was little affected by crossing , back-crossing , genetic background or cytoplasmic factors .
Conventional trisomic and linkage analyses revealed that the slg locus was located close to the rfs ( rolled fine stripe leaf ) locus on chromosome 7 .
In a subsequent RFLP analysis , slg was found to be located between the two RFLP loci XNpb20 and XNpb33 , with recombination values of 3 . 0 and 3 . 2% , respectively .
Southern analysis indicated that the mutability of slg is caused by none of the known transposable elements in rice .
From these results , we infer that slg has a novel transposable DNA insert in its vicinity , which was possibly activated by gamma-ray irradiation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Conventional trisomic and linkage analyses revealed that the slg locus was located close to the rfs ( rolled fine stripe leaf ) locus on chromosome 7 .
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| Title: [ Usefulness of hypoallergenic rice ( AFT-R 1 ) and analysis of the salt insoluble rice allergen molecule ] | | Author: Ikezawa Z Tsubaki K Osuna H Shimada T Moteki K Sugiyama H Katumata K Anzai H Amano S | | Journal: Arerugi Citation: V : 48 ( 1 ) P : 40-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331306 Accession (PMID): 10331306 | | Abstract: An involvement of rice allergy in development and exacerbation of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis ( AD ) has been suggested in some cases , and it has been also known that elimination diet of rice results in improvement of AD and reduction of the doses of steroid ointment and anti-allergic drugs used for the treatment .
We prepared the hypoallergenic rice grain , AFT-R 1 ( Allergen-free Technology Lab . Inc . -Rice 1 ) , with alkali treatment from the rice material , Koshihikari , which is popular in Japan .
Its usefulness was evaluated clinically and serologically .
The serological study with IgE-ELISA showed that the major allergic protein were remarkably reduced to less than 1/6400 of them in the AFT-R 1 .
Then it was applied to the clinical trial , and evaluated as useful by the clinical effect in 14 ( 93% ) out of 15 patients , who were diagnosed to have rice allergy by the elimination ( in 15 case ) and ingestion ( in 12 cases ) of the regular rice .
The serum taken from the patient , whom the AFT-R 1 was evaluated as unuseful in the clinical trial , was shown to have IgE antibodies reactive to the remaining protein in AFT-R 1 by IgE-ELISA , and the 60 kd protein band was detected as an IgE-binding component of AFT-R 1 by IgE-immunoblotting with the same serum .
This 60 kd rice protein was identified as ADP ( UDP ) -glucose-starch glycosyl transferase ( EC : 2 . 4 . 1 . 21 ) by N-terminal amino acid analysis .
These results indicated that AFT-R 1 is very useful as a substitute of rice in many AD patients with rice allergy , although IgE-binding component such as the 60 kd protein is remaining in one . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Then it was applied to the clinical trial , and evaluated as useful by the clinical effect in 14 ( 93% ) out of 15 patients , who were diagnosed to have rice allergy by the elimination ( in 15 case ) and ingestion ( in 12 cases ) of the regular rice .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The serum taken from the patient , whom the AFT-R 1 was evaluated as unuseful in the clinical trial , was shown to have IgE antibodies reactive to the remaining protein in AFT-R 1 by IgE-ELISA , and the 60 kd protein band was detected as an IgE-binding component of AFT-R 1 by IgE-immunoblotting with the same serum .
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| Title: Ecological intensification of cereal production systems : yield potential , soil quality , and precision agriculture .
| | Author: Cassman KG .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 96 ( 11 ) P : 5952-9 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10339523 Accession (PMID): 10339523 | | Abstract: Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) , rice ( Oryza sativa L ) , and maize ( Zea mays L ) provide about two-thirds of all energy in human diets , and four major cropping systems in which these cereals are grown represent the foundation of human food supply .
Yield per unit time and land has increased markedly during the past 30 years in these systems , a result of intensified crop management involving improved germplasm , greater inputs of fertilizer , production of two or more crops per year on the same piece of land , and irrigation .
Meeting future food demand while minimizing expansion of cultivated area primarily will depend on continued intensification of these same four systems .
The manner in which further intensification is achieved , however , will differ markedly from the past because the exploitable gap between average farm yields and genetic yield potential is closing .
At present , the rate of increase in yield potential is much less than the expected increase in demand .
Hence , average farm yields must reach 70-80% of the yield potential ceiling within 30 years in each of these major cereal systems .
Achieving consistent production at these high levels without causing environmental damage requires improvements in soil quality and precise management of all production factors in time and space .
The scope of the scientific challenge related to these objectives is discussed .
It is concluded that major scientific breakthroughs must occur in basic plant physiology , ecophysiology , agroecology , and soil science to achieve the ecological intensification that is needed to meet the expected increase in food demand . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) , rice ( Oryza sativa L ) , and maize ( Zea mays L ) provide about two-thirds of all energy in human diets , and four major cropping systems in which these cereals are grown represent the foundation of human food supply .
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| Title: Emergence of a laccase-positive variant of Azospirillum lipoferum occurs via a two-step phenotypic switching process .
| | Author: Alexandre G Bally R | | Journal: FEMS Microbiol . Lett . Citation: V : 174 ( 2 ) P : 371-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10339830 Accession (PMID): 10339830 | | Abstract: Two variants have been isolated from the wild-type Azospirillum lipoferum strain 4B .
The first variant , 4V ( I ) , spontaneously emerged from the wild-type at frequencies in the order of 10 ( -4 ) to 10 ( -3 ) per cell generation .
Compared to the wild-type , the 4V ( I ) variant gained ( production of a carotenoid-like pigment , assimilation of certain carbohydrates ) and lost ( swimming motility , reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride , acid production from certain sugars ) apparently unrelated phenotypic characteristics .
Only from the 4V ( I ) variant , a second atypical stable form , variant 4V ( II ) , which acquired laccase activity and ability to produce melanin , appeared under very specific conditions , namely growth at extremely low oxygen concentrations .
Neither of the variants was able to revert to the parental phenotype .
The results suggest that atypical non-motile laccase-positive isolates of A lipoferum that are found in the rice rhizosphere originate from wild-type ( motile , laccase-negative ) cells via a two-step phenotypic switching event , a non-motile laccase-negative variant being an intermediate phase .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Compared to the wild-type , the 4V ( I ) variant gained ( production of a carotenoid-like pigment , assimilation of certain carbohydrates ) and lost ( swimming motility , reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride , acid production from certain sugars ) apparently unrelated phenotypic characteristics .
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| Title: DL-methionine supplementation of rice-and-bean diets affects gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and glutathione content in livers of growing rats .
| | Author: De-Oliveira IM Fujimori E Pereira VG De-Castro VD .
| | Journal: Braz .
J Med . Biol . Res . Citation: V : 32 ( 4 ) P : 483-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10347814 Accession (PMID): 10347814 | | Abstract: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT-EC 2 . 3 . 2 . 2 ) activity and glutathione ( GSH ) content were measured in livers of female weanling Wistar rats ( N = 5-18 ) , submitted to rice-and-bean diets ( 13 and 6% w/w protein ) , both supplemented or not with DL-methionine ( 0 . 5 and 0 . 23 g/100 g dry diet , respectively ) .
After 28 days , the rats on the rice-and-bean diets showed significantly higher levels ( four times higher ) of liver GGT activity and a concomitant 50% lower concentration of liver GSH in comparison with control groups feeding on casein .
The addition of DL-methionine to rice-and-bean diets significantly increased the liver GSH content , which reached levels 50% higher than those found in animals on casein diets .
The increase in GSH was accompanied by a decrease in liver GGT activity , which did not reach levels as low as those observed in the control groups .
No significant correlation could be established between GGT and GSH changes under the present experimental conditions .
Linear correlation analysis only revealed that in animals submitted to unsupplemented rice-and-bean diets GSH concentration was positively associated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with weight gain , food intake and food efficiency .
GGT , however , was negatively correlated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with food intake only , and exclusively for supplemented rice-and-bean diets .
The high levels of GGT activity observed in the present study for rats receiving a rice-and-bean mixture could be a result of the poor quality of these diets associated with their deficiency in sulfur amino acids .
The results also suggest that diet supplementation with methionine could be important in the reduction of the deleterious effects of GSH depletion by restoring the intracellular concentration of this tripeptide . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results also suggest that diet supplementation with methionine could be important in the reduction of the deleterious effects of GSH depletion by restoring the intracellular concentration of this tripeptide .
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| Title: The HMG-I/Y protein PF1 stimulates binding of the transcriptional activator GT-2 to the PHYA gene promoter .
| | Author: Martnez-Garca JF Quail PH .
| | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 18 ( 2 ) P : 173-83 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10363369 Accession (PMID): 10363369 | | Abstract: The DNA-binding proteins PF1 and GT-2 are factors that bind to different functionally defined , positively acting cis-elements in the PHYA genes of oat and rice , respectively .
PF1 is an HMG-I/Y protein , with its cognate cis-element being an AT-rich sequence , designated PE1 , whereas GT-2 is a transcriptional activator with twin DNA binding domains that recognize a triplet of GT-boxes in a complex motif designated GTE .
To further define the DNA-binding activity of PF1 and to explore potential inter-relationships between the two factors , we have performed a series of in vitro DNA-binding experiments with both PE1 and GTE target sites .
The data show that , consistent with its membership of the HMG-I/Y protein family , PF1 can bend DNA when bound to PE1 .
In addition , PF1 can bind promiscuously , with varying affinity , to other AT-containing motifs , including GTE .
When co-incubated with GT-2 , PF1 enhances the specific DNA-binding activity of GT-2 toward GTE , the first report of such activity for a plant HMG-I/Y protein .
This enhancement takes place without demonstrable physical contact between the two proteins , suggesting the possibility of a novel , indirect mechanism of recruitment involving DNA target-site pre-conditioning .
The evidence indicates therefore that PF1 and GT-2 do not perform functionally equivalent roles in positively regulating oat and rice PHYA gene expression .
However , the data suggest the possibility that PF1 may act as an architectural factor , promiscuously recognizing a spectrum of AT-containing elements in plant promoters , with the general function of catalyzing enhanced binding of conventional cognate transcriptional regulators to these elements via DNA bending . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: PF1 is an HMG-I/Y protein , with its cognate cis-element being an AT-rich sequence , designated PE1 , whereas GT-2 is a transcriptional activator with twin DNA binding domains that recognize a triplet of GT-boxes in a complex motif designated GTE .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Catalytic features of the recombinant reverse transcriptase of bovine leukemia virus expressed in bacteria .
| | Author: Perach M Hizi A | | Journal: Virology Citation: V : 259 ( 1 ) P : 176-89 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10364502 Accession (PMID): 10364502 | | Abstract: We have expressed the recombinant reverse transcriptase ( RT ) of bovine leukemia virus ( BLV ) in bacteria .
The gene encoding the RT was designed to start at its 5 end next to the last codon of the mature viral protease , namely the amino terminus of the RT matches the last 26 codons of the pro gene and is coded for by the pro reading frame .
The RT sequence extends into the pol gene , utilizing the pol reading frame after overcoming the stop codon by adding an extra nucleotide ( thus imitating the naturally occurring frameshift event ) .
Hence we have generated a transframe polypeptide that is a 584-residues-long protein ( see Rice , Stephens , Burny , and Gilden ( 1985 ) Virology 142 , 357-377 ) .
This protein was partially purified after adding a six-histidine tag and studied biochemically testing a variety of parameters .
The enzyme exhibits all activities typical of RTs , ie , both RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase as well as a ribonuclease H ( RNase H ) activity .
Unlike most RTs , the BLV RT is enzymatically active as a monomer even after binding a DNA substrate .
The enzyme shows a preference for Mg2+ over Mn2+ in both its DNA polymerase and RNase H activities .
BLV RT is relatively resistant to nucleoside triphosphate analogues , which are known to be potent inhibitors of other RTs such as that of HIV .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: BLV RT is relatively resistant to nucleoside triphosphate analogues , which are known to be potent inhibitors of other RTs such as that of HIV .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cloning of a wheat puroindoline gene promoter by IPCR and analysis of promoter regions required for it issue-specific expression in transgenic rice seeds .
| | Author: Digeon JF Guiderdoni E Alary R Michaux-Ferrire N Joudrier P Gautier MF .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 39 ( 6 ) P : 1101-12 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10380798 Accession (PMID): 10380798 | | Abstract: A genomic DNA fragment containing the 5-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to Triticum aestivum puroindoline-b cDNA , was isolated by inverse PCR .
Promoter fragments extending to -1068 , -388 , -210 or -124 upstream of the translation initiation ATG codon and the sequence coding for the first 13 amino acids of the puroindoline-b , were translationally fused to the uidA reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase and transferred to rice calli via particle bombardment-mediated transformation .
The 1068 bp and 124 bp promoters were also transcriptionally fused to the uidA reporter gene .
Out of the 196 plants regenerated from transformed rice calli , 118 plants set seeds .
No GUS activity was detectable in the stems , roots , leaves or pollen of the transgenic rice which had integrated the puroindoline-b promoter or its deletions ; GUS activity was detected only in seeds , except in those having integrated the 124 bp promoter .
Within seeds , histological localisation showed GUS activity as being restricted to the endosperm , aleurone cells and pericarp cell layers ; no GUS activity was detected in the embryonic axis .
Analysis of 5 promoter deletions identified the region between -388 and -210 as essential for endosperm expression , and the region between -210 and -124 as essential for expression in the epithelium of the scutellum .
No difference of expression was observed between the translational and transcriptional fusion genes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A genomic DNA fragment containing the 5-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to Triticum aestivum puroindoline-b cDNA , was isolated by inverse PCR .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Design of scytalone dehydratase inhibitors as rice blast fungicides : ( N-phenoxypropyl ) -carboxamides .
| | Author: Jordan DB Lessen TA Wawrzak Z Bisaha JJ Gehret TC Hansen SL Schwartz RS Basarab GS .
| | Journal: Bioorg . Med . Chem . Lett . Citation: V : 9 ( 11 ) P : 1607-12 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10386945 Accession (PMID): 10386945 | | Abstract: Insights gained from a crystal structure of scytalone dehydratase led to the design of carboxamide inhibitors with a phenoxypropyl group substituted on the nitrogen atom Potent enzyme inhibitors were synthesized around this motif , the best of which provided excellent control of rice blast disease in greenhouse assays and outdoor field trials .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Insights gained from a crystal structure of scytalone dehydratase led to the design of carboxamide inhibitors with a phenoxypropyl group substituted on the nitrogen atom Potent enzyme inhibitors were synthesized around this motif , the best of which provided excellent control of rice blast disease in greenhouse assays and outdoor field trials .
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