| 28 matches found in 22 documents. Search time: 0.027 seconds. |
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| Title: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein kinase from developing castor oil seeds : partial purification , characterization , and reversible control by photosynthate supply .
| | Author: Murmu J Plaxton WC | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 226 P : 1299-310 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17624549 Accession (PMID): 17624549 | | Abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPC , EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 31 ) protein kinase ( PPCK ) was purified approximately 1 , 500-fold from developing castor oil seeds ( COS ) .
Gel filtration and immunoblotting with anti- ( rice PPCK2 ) -immune serum indicated that this Ca2+-insensitive PPCK exists as a 31-kDa monomer .
COS PPCK-mediated rephosphorylation of the 107-kDa subunit ( p107 ) of COS PEPC1 ( Km = 2 . 2 microM ) activated PEPC1 by approximately 80% when assayed under suboptimal conditions ( pH 7 . 3 , 0 . 2 mM PEP , and 0 . 125 mM malate ) .
COS PPCK displayed remarkable selectivity for phosphorylating COS PEPC1 ( relative to tobacco , sorghum , or maize PEPCs ) , exhibited a broad pH-activity optima of approximately pH 8 . 5 , and at pH 7 . 3 was activated 40-65% by 1 mM PEP , or 10 mM Gln or Asn , but inhibited 65% by 10 mM L-malate .
The possible control of COS PPCK by disulfide-dithiol interconversion was suggested by its rapid inactivation and subsequent reactivation when incubated with oxidized glutathione and then dithiothreitol .
In vitro PPCK activity correlated with in vivo p107 phosphorylation status , with both peaking in mid-cotyledon to full-cotyledon developing COS .
Notably , PPCK activity and p107 phosphorylation of developing COS were eliminated following pod excision or prolonged darkness of intact plants .
Both effects were fully reversed 12 h following reillumination of darkened plants .
These results implicate a direct relationship between the up-regulation of COS PPCK and p107 phosphorylation during the recommencement of photosynthate delivery from illuminated leaves to the non-photosynthetic COS .
Overall , the results support the hypothesis that PEPC and PPCK participate in the control of photosynthate partitioning into C-skeletons needed as precursors for key biosynthetic pathways of developing COS .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEPC , EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 31 ) protein kinase ( PPCK ) was purified approximately 1 , 500-fold from developing castor oil seeds ( COS ) .
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| Title: Divergence of evolutionary ways among common sym genes : CASTOR and CCaMK show functional conservation between two symbiosis systems and constitute the root of a common signaling pathway .
| | Author: Banba M Gutjahr C Miyao A Hirochika H Paszkowski U Kouchi H Imaizumi-Anraku H | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 49 P : 1659-71 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18852152 Accession (PMID): 18852152 | | Abstract: In recent years a number of legume genes involved in root nodule ( RN ) symbiosis have been identified in the model legumes , Lotus japonicus ( Lotus ) and Medicago truncatula .
Among them , a distinct set of genes has been categorized as a common symbiosis pathway ( CSP ) , because they are also essential for another mutual interaction , the arbuscular mycorrhiza ( AM ) symbiosis , which is evolutionarily older than the RN symbiosis and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom .
Based on the concept that the legume RN symbiosis has evolved from the ancient AM symbiosis , one issue is whether the CSP is functionally conserved between non-nodulating plants , such as rice , and nodulating legumes .
We identified three rice CSP gene orthologs , OsCASTOR , OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK , and demonstrated the indispensable roles of OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK in rice AM symbiosis .
Interestingly , molecular transfection of either OsCASTOR or OsCCaMK could fully complement symbiosis defects in the corresponding Lotus mutant lines for both the AM and RN symbioses .
Our results not only provide a conserved genetic basis for the AM symbiosis between rice and Lotus , but also indicate that the core of the CSP has been well conserved during the evolution of RN symbiosis .
Through evolution , CASTOR and CCaMK have remained as the molecular basis for the maintenance of CSP functions in the two symbiosis systems .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Through evolution , CASTOR and CCaMK have remained as the molecular basis for the maintenance of CSP functions in the two symbiosis systems .
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| Title: Antiquity and function of CASTOR and POLLUX , the twin ion channel-encoding genes key to the evolution of root symbioses in plants .
| | Author: Chen C Fan C Gao M Zhu H | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 149 P : 306-17 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18978069 Accession (PMID): 18978069 | | Abstract: Root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial bacteria share a common signaling pathway in legumes .
Among the common symbiosis genes are CASTOR and POLLUX , the twin homologous genes in Lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins .
Here , we show that the orthologs of CASTOR and POLLUX are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and nonlegumes .
Using rice ( Oryza sativa ) as a study system , we employ reverse genetic tools ( knockout mutants and RNA interference ) to demonstrate that Os-CASTOR and Os-POLLUX are indispensable for mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice .
Furthermore , a cross-species complementation test indicates that Os-POLLUX can restore nodulation , but not rhizobial infection , to a Medicago truncatula dmi1 mutant .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among the common symbiosis genes are CASTOR and POLLUX , the twin homologous genes in Lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here , we show that the orthologs of CASTOR and POLLUX are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and nonlegumes .
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| Title: Arbuscular mycorrhiza-specific signaling in rice transcends the common symbiosis signaling pathway .
| | Author: Gutjahr C Banba M Croset V An K Miyao A An G Hirochika H Imaizumi-Anraku H Paszkowski U | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 20 P : 2989-3005 Year: 2008 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19033527 Accession (PMID): 19033527 | | Abstract: Knowledge about signaling in arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbioses is currently restricted to the common symbiosis ( SYM ) signaling pathway discovered in legumes .
This pathway includes calcium as a second messenger and regulates both AM and rhizobial symbioses .
Both monocotyledons and dicotyledons form symbiotic associations with AM fungi , and although they differ markedly in the organization of their root systems , the morphology of colonization is similar .
To identify and dissect AM-specific signaling in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , we developed molecular phenotyping tools based on gene expression patterns that monitor various steps of AM colonization .
These tools were used to distinguish common SYM-dependent and -independent signaling by examining rice mutants of selected putative legume signaling orthologs predicted to be perturbed both upstream ( CASTOR and POLLUX ) and downstream ( CCAMK and CYCLOPS ) of the central , calcium-spiking signal All four mutants displayed impaired AM interactions and altered AM-specific gene expression patterns , therefore demonstrating functional conservation of SYM signaling between distant plant species .
In addition , differential gene expression patterns in the mutants provided evidence for AM-specific but SYM-independent signaling in rice and furthermore for unexpected deviations from the SYM pathway downstream of calcium spiking .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: These tools were used to distinguish common SYM-dependent and -independent signaling by examining rice mutants of selected putative legume signaling orthologs predicted to be perturbed both upstream ( CASTOR and POLLUX ) and downstream ( CCAMK and CYCLOPS ) of the central , calcium-spiking signal All four mutants displayed impaired AM interactions and altered AM-specific gene expression patterns , therefore demonstrating functional conservation of SYM signaling between distant plant species .
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| Title: Deacidification of high free fatty acid-containing rice bran oil by non-conventional reesterification process .
| | Author: Singh S Singh RP | | Journal: J Oleo Sci Citation: V : 58 P : 53-6 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19145058 Accession (PMID): 19145058 | | Abstract: Rice bran ( Oryza sativa ) oil is known for containing higher amount of free fatty acid ( FFA ) generated by hydrolytic enzyme .
This FFA causes heavy neutral oil losses due to saponification and emulsification since it produces large amount of soap in the conventional alkali refining process .
In the present study the FFA of degummed rice bran oil ( RBO ) was significantly reduced by reesterifying it with glycerol .
The reesterification process was carried out by varying the temperature and amount of excess glycerol using 0 . 2% catalyst ( SnCl ( 2 ) ) .
The maximum efficiency of the process could be attained at 200 degrees C using 70% excess glycerol and the maximum reduction in acid value ( from 24 . 3 to 3 . 0 ) of RBO was observed within 4 h .
The reesterified RBO was used to prepare stand oil and varnish and their performance characteristics were compared with those of the products obtained from dehydrated castor oil ( DCO ) .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The reesterified RBO was used to prepare stand oil and varnish and their performance characteristics were compared with those of the products obtained from dehydrated castor oil ( DCO ) .
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| Title: The H-NS-like protein-encoding gene xrvA of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae regulates virulence in rice .
| | Author: Feng JX Song ZZ Duan CJ Zhao S Wu YQ Wang C Dow JM Tang JL | | Journal: Microbiology Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19423625 Accession (PMID): 19423625 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) causes bacterial blight disease in rice , one of the most serious diseases in rice .
The xrvA gene from the Xoo strain 13751 encodes a protein containing a histone-like nucleoid structuring protein ( H-NS ) domain .
The expression of xrvA in the strain 13751 was enhanced in XOM2 minimal medium .
Mutation of the xrvA gene of strain 13751 led to a significant reduction in virulence in the host plant rice , a delayed hypersensitive response ( HR ) in the nonhost castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , a decrease in extracellular polysaccharide ( EPS ) and diffusible signal factor ( DSF ) production , as well as an increase in intracellular glycogen accumulation .
Northern hybridization analyses revealed that the virulence-associated genes hrpG , hrpX , rpfC , rpfF , rpfG and gumB were down-regulated in the xrvA mutant compared to the wild-type and complemented strains .
Interestingly , increase of copy number of xrvA in the wild-type strain 13751 resulted in a strain showing similar phenotypes as the xrvA mutant and a reduction of the expression of gumB , hrpX , rpfC , rpfF and rpfG .
These findings indicate that the xrvA gene , which is highly conserved in the sequenced strains of Xanthomonas , encodes an important regulatory factor for the virulence of Xoo .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mutation of the xrvA gene of strain 13751 led to a significant reduction in virulence in the host plant rice , a delayed hypersensitive response ( HR ) in the nonhost castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , a decrease in extracellular polysaccharide ( EPS ) and diffusible signal factor ( DSF ) production , as well as an increase in intracellular glycogen accumulation .
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| Title: Gene-based microsatellites for cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) : prevalence , polymorphisms , and cross-taxa utility .
| | Author: Raji AA Anderson JV Kolade OA Ugwu CD Dixon AG Ingelbrecht IL | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 9 P : 118 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19747391 Accession (PMID): 19747391 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) , a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates , is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat , rice , maize , potato and barley .
The repertoire of simple sequence repeat ( SSR ) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic SSRs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications .
RESULTS : A total of 846 putative microsatellites were identified in silico from an 8 , 577 cassava unigene set with an average density of one SSR every 7 kb .
One hundred and ninety-two candidate SSRs were screened for polymorphism among a panel of cassava cultivars from Africa , Latin America and Asia , four wild Manihot species as well as two other important taxa in the Euphorbiaceae , leafy spurge ( Euphorbia esula ) and castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) .
Of 168 markers with clean amplification products , 124 ( 73 . 8% ) displayed polymorphism based on high resolution agarose gels .
Of 85 EST-SSR markers screened , 80 ( 94 . 1% ) amplified alleles from one or more wild species ( M epruinosa , M glaziovii , M brachyandra , M tripartita ) whereas 13 ( 15 . 3% ) amplified alleles from castor bean and 9 ( 10 . 6% ) amplified alleles from leafy spurge ; hence nearly all markers were transferable to wild relatives of M esculenta while only a fraction was transferable to the more distantly related taxa .
In a subset of 20 EST-SSRs assessed by fluorescence-based genotyping the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 4 . 55 per locus .
These markers had a polymorphism information content ( PIC ) from 0 . 19 to 0 . 75 with an average value of 0 . 55 and showed genetic relationships consistent with existing information on these genotypes .
CONCLUSION : A set of 124 new , unique polymorphic EST-SSRs was developed and characterized which extends the repertoire of SSR markers for cultivated cassava and its wild relatives .
The markers show high PIC values and therefore will be useful for cultivar identification , taxonomic studies , and genetic mapping .
The study further shows that mining ESTs is a highly efficient strategy for polymorphism detection within the cultivated cassava gene pool .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: One hundred and ninety-two candidate SSRs were screened for polymorphism among a panel of cassava cultivars from Africa , Latin America and Asia , four wild Manihot species as well as two other important taxa in the Euphorbiaceae , leafy spurge ( Euphorbia esula ) and castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of 85 EST-SSR markers screened , 80 ( 94 . 1% ) amplified alleles from one or more wild species ( M epruinosa , M glaziovii , M brachyandra , M tripartita ) whereas 13 ( 15 . 3% ) amplified alleles from castor bean and 9 ( 10 . 6% ) amplified alleles from leafy spurge ; hence nearly all markers were transferable to wild relatives of M esculenta while only a fraction was transferable to the more distantly related taxa .
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| Title: Transesterification/acetylation of long chain alcohols with alkyl acetate .
| | Author: Kaewkool P Krisnangkura K | | Journal: Chem Phys Lipids Citation: V : 163 P : 685-8 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20599854 Accession (PMID): 20599854 | | Abstract: Gas chromatographic characterizations of fatty alcohols are generally carried out as the free alcohols , trimethyl silyl or acetyl derivatives .
In this study , transesterification/acetylation of long chain fatty alcohols is simply carried out by dissolving the alcohol in ethyl/methyl acetate and passing through a micro-column packed with solid NaOH .
Reaction times are slightly different for alcohols of different chain length .
Rice bran alcohols of 24-34 carbon atom are successfully acetylated .
Also , castor oil methyl ester can be interesterified but with longer reaction time .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Also , castor oil methyl ester can be interesterified but with longer reaction time .
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| Title: Macromolecules in phloem exudates--a review .
| | Author: Atkins CA Smith PM Rodriguez-Medina C | | Journal: Protoplasma Citation: V : 248 P : 165-72 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21057827 Accession (PMID): 21057827 | | Abstract: Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses using the growing resources of genomic information have been applied to identification of macromolecules in exudates collected from phloem .
Most of the analyses rely on collection of exudate following incisions made to the vasculature , but some limited data are available for exudates collected from excised aphid stylets .
Species examined , to date , include a number of cereals ( rice , barley , and wheat ) , a number of cucurbits , castor bean , members of the genus Lupinus , brassicas , and Arabidopsis .
As many as 1 , 100 proteins , some hundreds of transcripts , and a growing number of small ribonucleic acids ( RNAs ) , including micro-RNAs , have been identified across the species with a high degree of commonality .
Questions relating to the nature and extent of contamination of sieve element contents with those of surrounding companion cells and nonvascular cells are addressed together with likely functions of identified macromolecules .
The review considers likely translocation and systemic signaling functions among the macromolecular inventory of phloem exudates .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Species examined , to date , include a number of cereals ( rice , barley , and wheat ) , a number of cucurbits , castor bean , members of the genus Lupinus , brassicas , and Arabidopsis .
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| Title: The rsmA-like gene rsmA ( Xoo ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae regulates bacterial virulence and production of diffusible signal factor .
| | Author: Zhu PL Zhao S Tang JL Feng JX | | Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Citation: V : 12 P : 227-37 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21355995 Accession (PMID): 21355995 | | Abstract: The plant-pathogenic prokaryote Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) causes bacterial leaf blight , one of the most destructive diseases of rice .
A nonpolar mutant of the rsmA-like gene rsmA ( Xoo ) of the Xoo Chinese strain 13751 was constructed by homologous integration with a suicide plasmid .
Virulence tests on a host plant , namely the hybrid rice cultivar Teyou 63 , showed that the mutant had lost its virulence almost completely , whereas tests on a nonhost , namely castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , showed that the mutant had also lost the ability to induce a hypersensitive response in the nonhost In addition , the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant produced significantly smaller amounts of the diffusible signal factor , extracellular endoglucanase , amylase and extracellular polysaccharide , but showed significantly higher glycogen accumulation , bacterial aggregation and cell adhesion .
The expression of most hrp genes , genes encoding AvrBs3/PthA family members , rpfB , xrvA , glgA , eglXoB and XOO0175 ( encoding an alpha-amylase ) was down-regulated in the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant .
All phenotypes and expression levels of the tested genes in the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant were restored to their levels in the wild-type by the presence of rsmA ( Xoo ) in trans .
These results indicate that rsmA ( Xoo ) is essential for the virulence of Xoo .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Virulence tests on a host plant , namely the hybrid rice cultivar Teyou 63 , showed that the mutant had lost its virulence almost completely , whereas tests on a nonhost , namely castor-oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , showed that the mutant had also lost the ability to induce a hypersensitive response in the nonhost In addition , the rsmA ( Xoo ) mutant produced significantly smaller amounts of the diffusible signal factor , extracellular endoglucanase , amylase and extracellular polysaccharide , but showed significantly higher glycogen accumulation , bacterial aggregation and cell adhesion .
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