| 154 matches found in 101 documents. Search time: 0.147 seconds. |
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| Title: Evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass shown by reverse transcriptase domain analysis .
| | Author: Matsuoka Y Tsunewaki K | | Journal: Mol . Biol . Evol Citation: V : 16 ( 2 ) P : 208-17 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028288 Accession (PMID): 10028288 | | Abstract: The evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass were examined by reverse transcriptase ( RT ) domain analysis .
Twenty-three rice RT sequences were newly determined for this report .
Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 .
Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species , indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species .
Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution .
Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species .
Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family , indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences , mostly derived from wheat , rice , and , maize , showed four distinct families , which were designated G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Survey of fungal counts and natural occurrence of aflatoxins in Malaysian starch-based foods .
| | Author: Abdullah N Nawawi A Othman I | | Journal: Mycopathologia Citation: V : 143 ( 1 ) P : 53-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10205885 Accession (PMID): 10205885 | | Abstract: In a survey of starch-based foods sampled from retail outlets in Malaysia , fungal colonies were mostly detected in wheat flour ( 100% ) , followed by rice flour ( 74% ) , glutinous rice grains ( 72% ) , ordinary rice grains ( 60% ) , glutinous rice flour ( 48% ) and corn flour ( 26% ) .
All positive samples of ordinary rice and glutinous rice grains had total fungal counts below 10 ( 3 ) cfu/g sample , while among the positive rice flour , glutinous rice flour and corn flour samples , the highest total fungal count was more than 10 ( 3 ) but less than 10 ( 4 ) cfu/g sample respectively .
However , in wheat flour samples total fungal count ranged from 10 ( 2 ) cfu/g sample to slightly more than 10 ( 4 ) cfu/g sample .
Aflatoxigenic colonies were mostly detected in wheat flour ( 20% ) , followed by ordinary rice grains ( 4% ) , glutinous rice grains ( 4% ) and glutinous rice flour ( 2% ) .
No aflatoxigenic colonies were isolated from rice flour and corn flour samples .
Screening of aflatoxin B1 , aflatoxin B2 , aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2 using reversed-phase HPLC were carried out on 84 samples of ordinary rice grains and 83 samples of wheat flour .
Two point four percent ( 2 . 4% ) of ordinary rice grains were positive for aflatoxin G1 and 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G2 .
All the positive samples were collected from private homes at concentrations ranging from 3 . 69-77 . 50 micrograms/kg .
One point two percent ( 1 . 2% ) of wheat flour samples were positive for aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25 . 62 micrograms/kg , 4 . 8% were positive for aflatoxin B2 at concentrations ranging from 11 . 25-252 . 50 micrograms/kg , 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G1 at concentrations ranging from 25 . 00-289 . 38 micrograms/kg and 13 . 25% were positive for aflatoxin G2 at concentrations ranging from 16 . 25-436 . 25 micrograms/kg .
Similarly , positive wheat flour samples were mostly collected from private homes .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Screening of aflatoxin B1 , aflatoxin B2 , aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2 using reversed-phase HPLC were carried out on 84 samples of ordinary rice grains and 83 samples of wheat flour .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two point four percent ( 2 . 4% ) of ordinary rice grains were positive for aflatoxin G1 and 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G2 .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: One point two percent ( 1 . 2% ) of wheat flour samples were positive for aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25 . 62 micrograms/kg , 4 . 8% were positive for aflatoxin B2 at concentrations ranging from 11 . 25-252 . 50 micrograms/kg , 3 . 6% were positive for aflatoxin G1 at concentrations ranging from 25 . 00-289 . 38 micrograms/kg and 13 . 25% were positive for aflatoxin G2 at concentrations ranging from 16 . 25-436 . 25 micrograms/kg .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Sequence changes in six variants of rice tungro bacilliform virus and their phylogenetic relationships .
| | Author: Cabauatan PQ Melcher U Ishikawa K Omura T Hibino H Koganezawa H Azzam O | | Journal: J Gen . Virol . Citation: V : 80 ( Pt 8 ) ( ) P : 2229-37 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10466823 Accession (PMID): 10466823 | | Abstract: The DNA of three biological variants , G1 , Ic and G2 , which originated from the same greenhouse isolate of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) at the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) , was cloned and sequenced .
Comparison of the sequences revealed small differences in genome sizes .
The variants were between 95 and 99% identical at the nucleotide and amino acid levels .
Alignment of the three genome sequences with those of three published RTBV sequences ( Phi-1 , Phi-2 and Phi-3 ) revealed numerous nucleotide substitutions and some insertions and deletions .
The published RTBV sequences originated from the same greenhouse isolate at IRRI 20 , 11 and 9 years ago .
All open reading frames ( ORFs ) and known functional domains were conserved across the six variants .
The cysteine-rich region of ORF3 showed the greatest variation .
When the six DNA sequences from IRRI were compared with that of an isolate from Malaysia ( Serdang ) , similar changes were observed in the cysteine-rich region in addition to other nucleotide substitutions and deletions across the genome .
The aligned nucleotide sequences of the IRRI variants and Serdang were used to analyse phylogenetic relationships by the bootstrapped parsimony , distance and maximum-likelihood methods .
The isolates clustered in three groups : Serdang alone ; Ic and G1 ; and Phi-1 , Phi-2 , Phi-3 and G2 .
The distribution of phylogenetically informative residues in the IRRI sequences shared with the Serdang sequence and the differing tree topologies for segments of the genome suggested that recombination , as well as substitutions and insertions or deletions , has played a role in the evolution of RTBV variants .
The significance and implications of these evolutionary forces are discussed in comparison with badnaviruses and caulimoviruses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The DNA of three biological variants , G1 , Ic and G2 , which originated from the same greenhouse isolate of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) at the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) , was cloned and sequenced .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The isolates clustered in three groups : Serdang alone ; Ic and G1 ; and Phi-1 , Phi-2 , Phi-3 and G2 .
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| Title: Characterization of chimeric enzymes constructed between two distinct alpha-amylase cDNAs from cultured rice cells .
| | Author: Abe R Yoshida K Aoyagi M Kasahara S Ichishima E Nakajima T | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 63 ( 8 ) P : 1329-35 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10500994 Accession (PMID): 10500994 | | Abstract: Cultured cells of rice ( Oryza sativa cv Sasanishiki ) produce two alpha-amylase isozymes , AMY-I and AMY-III .
Using a bacterial expression system , eight chimeric genes constructed with various combination of AMY-I and AMY-III cDNA fragments were expressed , and each recombinant chimeric protein was characterized .
Four of the eight recombinant enzymes having region c ( one of the four regions having unconserved base sequences between AMY-I and AMY-III cDNAs ) of AMY-I showed the same enzyme characteristics as that of native AMY-I , which had high temperature optimum at 50 degrees C The other four chimeric proteins carrying region c of AMY-III showed the AMY-III type characteristics , which were a low temperature optimum at 25 degrees C and susceptibility to a higher maltooligosaccharide ( G17 ) substrate .
The unconserved region c is involved in the decision of the characteristic of AMY-I or AMY-III . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four of the eight recombinant enzymes having region c ( one of the four regions having unconserved base sequences between AMY-I and AMY-III cDNAs ) of AMY-I showed the same enzyme characteristics as that of native AMY-I , which had high temperature optimum at 50 degrees C The other four chimeric proteins carrying region c of AMY-III showed the AMY-III type characteristics , which were a low temperature optimum at 25 degrees C and susceptibility to a higher maltooligosaccharide ( G17 ) substrate .
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| Title: Molecular characterization of mitotic cyclins in rice plants .
| | Author: Umeda M Iwamoto N Umeda-Hara C Yamaguchi M Hashimoto J Uchimiya H | | Journal: Mol . Gen . Genet . Citation: V : 262 ( 2 ) P : 230-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10517318 Accession (PMID): 10517318 | | Abstract: Cyclins are known to activate cyclin-dependent protein kinases , which are essential for cell cycle progression in eukaryotes .
We isolated full-length cDNAs encoding rice mitotic cyclins named CycA1 ; os ; 1 and CycB2 ; os ; 1 , which are related to A and B-type cyclins , respectively , from animals .
To characterize the function of these mitotic cyclins , as well as that of another B-type cyclin , CycB2 ; os ; 2 , each cDNA was introduced into yeast cells .
When cDNAs encoding CycA1 ; os ; 1 , CycB2 ; os ; or CycB2 ; os ; 2 were overexpressed in the yeast mutant DLI , which is deficient in G1 cyclins , the mutant phenotype was rescued , indicating that these mitotic cyclins are functional in yeast cells .
When the cDNA encoding CycB2 ; os ; 1 was expressed in the wild-type yeast strain , the cells lost the ability to grow , whereas the expression of either cycA1 ; os : 1 or cycB2 ; os ; 2 did not inhibit growth .
In situ hybridization of these mitotic cyclin genes with rice root apices and counterstaining of chromosomes with a DNA-specific dye revealed that cycA1 ; os ; 1 is expressed from the G2 phase to the early M phase , while transcripts of cycB2 : os ; 1 and cycB2 ; os ; 2 accumulated until the end of mitosis .
Our results indicate that these B2-type cyclins may be involved in the control of mitosis , in combination with a G2/M-phase CDK . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: When cDNAs encoding CycA1 ; os ; 1 , CycB2 ; os ; or CycB2 ; os ; 2 were overexpressed in the yeast mutant DLI , which is deficient in G1 cyclins , the mutant phenotype was rescued , indicating that these mitotic cyclins are functional in yeast cells .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Evaluation of some cereals , plants and tubers through protein composition .
| | Author: Gorinstein S Jaramillo NO Medina OJ Rogriques WA Tosello GA Paredes-Lopez O | | Journal: J Protein Chem .
Citation: V : 18 ( 6 ) P : 687-93 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10609645 Accession (PMID): 10609645 | | Abstract: Wild and cultivated maize , sorghum , rice , amaranth , soybean , and cassava were screened for variability in seed storage proteins .
Total seed proteins , albumin ( Alb-1 and Alb-2 ) , globulin , alcohol-soluble ( A1 and A2 ) , and glutelin ( G1 and G2 ) fractions were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) .
The comparison was done by the obtained protein patterns and their relative amounts .
Using quantitative analysis of the protein composition and the electrophoretic patterns , the relationships between total proteins and amount of individual proteins were determined .
Electrophoretic patterns of extracted proteins from investigated samples showed that the main protein subunits were concentrated between 10 and 45 kDa .
Variation was found in major fractions and minor bands .
Electrophoretic patterns of the protein fractions are directly related to the genetic background of the protein and can be identified and used to certify the genetic makeup of wild , cultivated , or newly derived cereals and plants .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Total seed proteins , albumin ( Alb-1 and Alb-2 ) , globulin , alcohol-soluble ( A1 and A2 ) , and glutelin ( G1 and G2 ) fractions were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Mycotoxin production on rice , pulses and oilseeds .
| | Author: Begum F Samajpati N | | Journal: Naturwissenschaften Citation: V : 87 ( 6 ) P : 275-7 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10929292 Accession (PMID): 10929292 | | Abstract: Mycotoxin-producing fungi were isolated from contaminated grains of rice , pulses and oilseeds sold in the local markets of Calcutta for human consumption .
It was found that aflatoxin B1 was produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , aflatoxin G1 by A flavus , ochratoxin by Aspergillus ochraceous , sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus japonicus and citrinin by Penicillium citrinum .
Aflatoxin B1 ( 333-10 , 416 micrograms/kg ) was produced by Aspergillus spp . in rice , pulses and oilseeds . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: It was found that aflatoxin B1 was produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , aflatoxin G1 by A flavus , ochratoxin by Aspergillus ochraceous , sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus japonicus and citrinin by Penicillium citrinum .
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| Title: The cell cycle genes cycA1 ; 1 and cdc2Os-3 are coordinately regulated by gibberellin in planta .
| | Author: Fabian T Lorbiecke R Umeda M Sauter M | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 211 ( 3 ) P : 376-83 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10987556 Accession (PMID): 10987556 | | Abstract: Internodal growth of deepwater rice ( Oryza sativa L ) can achieve rates of up to 10 mm h ( -1 ) .
In submergence-induced plants , gibberellic acid activates the cell division cycle first at the G1 --> S phase transition with a subsequent increase in mitotic activity .
The proteins cycA1 ; 1 and cdc2Os-3 are the regulatory and catalytic subunits , respectively , of cyclin-dependent protein kinases ( CDKs ) which are central to cell cycle regulation .
Both genes are regulated by gibberellic acid in a coordinate manner with transcripts accumulating in the G2 phase prior to the B2-type mitotic cyclins described previously ( M Sauter et al 1995 , Plant J 7 : 623-632 ) , suggesting a distinct role in regulating G2/M phase progression .
Since cdc2Os-3 belongs to a group of CDKs that have no counterparts in animals , it may function in a plant-specific gibberellin-regulated cell division process . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In submergence-induced plants , gibberellic acid activates the cell division cycle first at the G1 --> S phase transition with a subsequent increase in mitotic activity .
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| Title: Incidence of aflatoxin producing strains and aflatoxin contamination in dry fruit slices of quinces ( Cydonia oblonga Mill . ) from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
| | Author: Sharma YP Sumbali G | | Journal: Mycopathologia Citation: V : 148 ( 2 ) P : 103-7 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11189744 Accession (PMID): 11189744 | | Abstract: An investigation was undertaken to obtain data on the occurrence of aflatoxins and the aflatoxin producing potential of Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from dry fruit slices of quinces produced in jammu and Kashmir , India .
A total of 147 A flavus isolates recovered from dr fruit slices were grown in liquid rice flour medium and screened for the production of various aflatoxins by thin layer chromatography .
The results showed that 23 . 14% of the tested isolates were aflatoxigenic , producing aflatoxins B1 and B2 in varying amounts .
Aflatoxins G1 and G2 were not detected .
All 25 of the investigated market samples were also found to be aflatoxin B1 positive and the level of contamination ranged from 96 to 8164 micrograms/kg of the dry fruit which is quite high in comparison to the permissible level of 30 ppb .
As per these results biochemical composition of dry fruit slices of quinces , along with climatic conditions seem to be very favourable for aflatoxin production by the toxigenic A flavus strains .
Therefore , monitoring of aflatoxins in dry fruit slices of quinces is recommended for this region .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxins G1 and G2 were not detected .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome ( BAC ) contig encompassing the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa4 locus in rice ] | | Author: Jiang GH Wang WM Xie B Zhai WX Lu RL Zhu LH .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 28 ( 3 ) P : 236-43 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11280997 Accession (PMID): 11280997 | | Abstract: The gene Xa4 confers dominantly resistance to rice bacterial blight , which has been finely mapped between RFLP markers G181 and L1044 , and co-segregated with the resistance gene homologues sequence marker RS13 .
The three markers were used to screen a rice Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ( BAC ) library constructed from IRBB56 , a Xa4-harborring indica variety , resulting in the detection of totally 128 positive clones .
Of the 18 positive clones picked out by RS13 , 4 and 6 clones were simultaneously detected by G181 and L1044 , respectively .
Based on their HindIII restriction patterns , 12 clones were selected out to construct a contig that spanned about 420 kb covering the Xa4 locus , which is a solid base for the isolation of Xa4 gene . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The gene Xa4 confers dominantly resistance to rice bacterial blight , which has been finely mapped between RFLP markers G181 and L1044 , and co-segregated with the resistance gene homologues sequence marker RS13 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of the 18 positive clones picked out by RS13 , 4 and 6 clones were simultaneously detected by G181 and L1044 , respectively .
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