| 2639 matches found in 2002 documents. Search time: 0.053 seconds. |
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| Title: Jamu Gendong , a kind of traditional medicine in Indonesia : the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct .
| | Author: Limyati DA Juniar BL .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 63 ( 3 ) P : 201-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10030724 Accession (PMID): 10030724 | | Abstract: An examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of Jamu Gendong ( JG ) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine , issued by the Department of Health of Indonesia in 1986 .
Samples of JG and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of Surabaya .
The samples were subject to the following examinations : total plate count ( TPC ) , MPN coliform , the enumeration of molds and yeasts , the presence or absence of Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella and Vibrio .
Each time the JG samples were taken from different producers together with their raw materials .
The results of this investigation showed that most of the JG samples were heavily contaminated with bacteria , yeasts and molds .
For bacteria , taken from the TPC results , their numbers were ranging from 7 . 7 x 10 ( 2 ) microorganisms/ml to too many to count ( TMTC ) .
For yeasts and molds the numbers showed variations from 0 microorganisms/ml to TMTC .
Contamination with Coliform in 1 ml of JG were ranged from 0 to > 2 . 4 x 10 ( 6 ) microorganisms .
In most of the samples pathogenic Staphylococci , Salmonella sp . and Vibrio sp . were not detected , so that a conclusion can be drawn that most of the contamination in JG are saprophytic , only a few pathogenic .
The results also show that it is possible to have JG which fulfill the governments requirements .
Similar results were obtained with the plant material constituents of JG such as rhizomes , leaves , herbs and fruits of Piper nigrum and Piper retrofractum , with the exception of Piper betle leaves and P retrofractum fruits , both showing low contamination of Coliform bacteria .
However , the fruits of Citrus aurantifolia and Morinda citrifolia were less contaminated , just like seeds of Oryza sativa , Parkia roxburghii , bulbs of Allium sativum and the pulp of Tamarindus indica .
With these plant constituents of JG , it might be of interest to screen their antibacterial and antifungal activities . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results also show that it is possible to have JG which fulfill the governments requirements .
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| Title: Development of a written investment policy .
| | Author: Rice JF .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 40 ( 1 ) P : 42 , 44 , 48-53 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10123448 Accession (PMID): 10123448 | | Abstract: Like many medical groups , J Frederick Rices had no formal method of evaluating the performance of the investment manager employed to manage the benefits plan .
Rice , FACMGA , in his case study , describes how his group set formal , written goals as a means of measuring performance .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice , FACMGA , in his case study , describes how his group set formal , written goals as a means of measuring performance .
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| Title: Has this doctor-governor found the key to health reform? .
Interview by Berkeley Rice .
| | Author: Dean H | | Journal: Citation: V : 70 ( 4 ) P : 46-8 , 51-4 , 56-8 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10124211 Accession (PMID): 10124211 | | Abstract: Under the leadership of internist Howard Dean , the nations only physician-governor , Vermont is adopting a comprehensive health-care plan that will revolutionize the way the states doctors practice medicine .
As Vermont goes , so may the nation , for Dean is one of the key advisers to the Clinton administration on health-care reform .
But if the Vermont plan serves as a model for the rest of the country , many doctors may find it a better pill to swallow .
Among other things , it could mean that nearly all the states physicians will , in effect , participate in a state-run HMO and be subject to global fees and budgets that will also cover hospitals ( see opposite page ) .
While the plans specific provisions are still being debated , Deans views have spread to other states and to the Clinton administration through his role as co-chairman of the National Governors Association task force on health care .
In a recent interview with Senior Associate Editor Berkeley Rice in the governors office in Montpelier , Dean discussed Vermonts new health plan , its importance as a model for other states , and his unique perspective as physician-governor .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: As Vermont goes , so may the nation , for Dean is one of the key advisers to the Clinton administration on health-care reform .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: While the plans specific provisions are still being debated , Deans views have spread to other states and to the Clinton administration through his role as co-chairman of the National Governors Association task force on health care .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In a recent interview with Senior Associate Editor Berkeley Rice in the governors office in Montpelier , Dean discussed Vermonts new health plan , its importance as a model for other states , and his unique perspective as physician-governor .
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| Title: The status of ORT ( oral rehydration therapy ) in Bangladesh : how widely is it used?
| | Author: Chowdhury AM Karim F Sarkar SK Cash RA Bhuiya A | | Journal: Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 58-66 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10166103 Accession (PMID): 10166103 | | Abstract: During 1980-1990 BRAC , a Bangladeshi non-governmental organization , taught over 12 million mothers how to prepare oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) at home with lobon ( common salt ) and gur ( unrefined brown sugar ) .
This was followed by a strong promotion and distribution of prepackaged ORS by various agencies including the government .
In 1993 we assessed knowledge of ORT preparation , its local availability and its use for the management of diarrhoea .
Over 9000 households in 90 villages were revisited ; 306 government outreach health workers , 296 drug sellers , and 237 village doctors were interviewed ; 152 government facilities and 495 pharmacies/shops were visited .
ORT prepared by mothers in a sub-sample of the households was analyzed for chloride content and interviewers collected information on use of ORT for diarrhoeal episodes occurring in the preceding two weeks .
The data quality was assessed through a resurvey of sample respondents within two weeks of the first interview .
Over 70% of the mothers could prepare a chemically safe and effective ORS .
A significant proportion of these mothers were very young at the time of the mass campaigns using house to house teaching , implying an intergenerational transfer of the knowledge on ORT .
ORT was found to be used in 60% of all diarrhoeal episodes , but the rate varied with the type of diarrhoea , being highest for daeria ( severe watery diarrhoea ) and lowest for amasha ( dysentery ) .
Drug sellers and village doctors now recommend ORT much more frequently than before .
Members of the medical profession ( qualified and unqualified ) still lag behind in prescribing the use of ORT .
The availability of pre-packaged ORS in rural pharmacies has improved enormously .
There is convincing evidence that the widescale promotion in the past of ORS for dehydration in diarrhoea has led to this marked improvement today .
Nevertheless the use of rice-based ORS , culturally appropriate messages and the promotion of ORS with food offer opportunities to further improve the utilization of ORT .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Over 9000 households in 90 villages were revisited ; 306 government outreach health workers , 296 drug sellers , and 237 village doctors were interviewed ; 152 government facilities and 495 pharmacies/shops were visited .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This was followed by a strong promotion and distribution of prepackaged ORS by various agencies including the government .
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| Title: The effects of climatic patterns and agricultural practices on the population dynamics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Asia .
| | Author: Reisen WK Aslamkhan M Basio RG .
| | Journal: Southeast Asian J Trop . Med . Public Health Citation: V : -1 P : 61-71 Year: 1976 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1027111 Accession (PMID): 1027111 | | Abstract: Annual population curves for C tritaeniorhynchus are presented for representative localities distributed from Pakistan , east through Southeast Asia and the Philippines and north to Japan and Korea .
In the dry temperature ( Pakistan ) and colder maritime climates ( Japan and Korea ) .
C tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults , while in the warmer maritime climates ( Okinawa and Taiwan ) , gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months .
In these climatic types , the population curves closely paralleled the annual temperature curves .
In the tropical climates , however , temporal population patterns were closely related to available moisture either in the form of annual precipitation and/or rice irrigation .
The extremely variable environmental conditions tolerated C tritaeniorhynchus throughout its distribution attests to the physiological and ecological plasticity of this species and suggests that further ecological and genetic studies may reveal marked clinical variances among selected biological parameters .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: C tritaeniorhynchus populations apparently overwintered as hibernating adults , while in the warmer maritime climates ( Okinawa and Taiwan ) , gonotrophic activity and larval development continued throughout the winter months .
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| Title: Anatomical and theoretical observations on otolith repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo .
| | Author: Buckingham RA .
| | Journal: Laryngoscope Citation: V : 109 ( 5 ) P : 717-22 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10334220 Accession (PMID): 10334220 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To determine if there is an anatomic basis for the assumption that loose , "rogue" otoliths presumed to arise from the utricular macula and theorized to cause benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV ) by impinging on semicircular canal ampullae could be returned to their original site by a series of changes in the position of the head called particle repositioning maneuvers ( PRMs ) .
Further , if such otolith movement were possible , once they were replaced into the utricle , would they adhere to the utricular macula?
STUDY DESIGN : Kodachrome photographs of 2-mm-thick macrosections of human temporal bones were available for evaluation .
The bones were sectioned in horizontal , coronal , and sagittal planes .
Rice grains were placed on the photographs of the cross-sections to demonstrate the possible paths taken by loose otoliths under the influence of gravity in different positions of the head .
RESULTS : A study of cross-sections of the temporal bone shows that loose macular otoliths after PRMs would tend to fall into the lumen of the utricle .
Once the patient assumes the erect position , however , repositioned otoliths would tend to fall into the near or utriculopetal side of the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal , which opens directly into the inferior portion of the utricle , and could cause labyrinth stimulation and BPPV by the same mechanism of misplaced otoliths on the opposite or far side of the cupula .
Loose otoliths in the utricle could also stimulate the horizontal ampullae .
CONCLUSIONS : PRMs do not remove or fix otoliths in any specific site in the labyrinth .
Repositioning of loose otoliths onto the original site in the macula of the utricle , which lies superiorly in the vestibule , could not be accomplished by any of the repositioning maneuvers .
If otoliths were to be repositioned on the utricular macula , there is no evidence that the otoliths would adhere to the macula when the patient assumes the erect position .
The good results obtained by physiotherapeutic procedures suggest that some other mechanism than repositioning of otoliths is responsible for the relief of BPPV .
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[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The good results obtained by physiotherapeutic procedures suggest that some other mechanism than repositioning of otoliths is responsible for the relief of BPPV .
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| Title: Cell sensitivity to transplacental carcinogenesis by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea is greatest in early post-implantation development .
| | Author: Donovan PJ .
| | Journal: Mutat . Res . Citation: V : 427 ( 1 ) P : 59-63 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10354502 Accession (PMID): 10354502 | | Abstract: In a clear demonstration of the changing sensitivity of the developing mammal to transplacental carcinogenesis , Ivankovic and Druckrey [ S Ivankovic , H Druckrey , Transplacentare Erzeugung maligner Tumoren des Nervensystem : I Athyl-nitroso-harnstoff ( ANH ) an BD IX-Ratten , Z Krebsforsch .
71 ( 1968 ) 320-360 ] exposed pregnant BD IX rats to a pulse of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea ( ENU ) , a reactive carcinogen with a half-life of 20 min .
No tumors were seen with ENU exposure before gestation day 12 , but the multiplicity of neurogenic tumors increased steadily thereafter and was greatest with treatment on day 20 , followed by a decline in sensitivity for the last three days of gestation .
Similarly , a transplacental study of ENU in the Syrian hamster [ BA Diwan , S Rehm , JM Rice , Age and dose-dependent transplacental carcinogenesis by N-nitrosoethylurea in Syrian golden hamsters , J Cancer Res . Clin . Oncol . 122 ( 1996 ) 643-652 ] found that the numbers of tumors induced were greatest after exposure of late fetal stages .
While these observations suggested that embryonic cells are refractory to carcinogenesis , an alternative explanation could be that a significant tumor yield was not observed because too few target cells were present in the embryo .
I have resolved this issue by combining these published data with others on the numbers of neuroectodermal cells in the developing BD IX rat brain [ R MEler , MF Rajewsky , Elimination of O6-ethylguanine from the DNA of brain , liver , and other rat it issues exposed to ethylnitrosourea at different stages of prenatal development , Cancer Res .
43 ( 1983 ) 2897-2904 ] and total cell counts of successive developmental stages of the Syrian hamster fetus [ PJ Donovan , GT Smith , Cell sensitivity to transplacental mutagenesis by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea is greatest during early gestation in the Syrian hamster , Mutation Res . , 1999 , this issue ] , allowing the risk per cell at different stages of gestation to be calculated .
Sensitivity to carcinogenesis was found to be greatest early in gestation and to decrease as gestation proceeds .
For the rat model , tumor frequency per cell changed from 1 . 3x10 ( -6 ) at day 12 exposure to 2 . 6x10 ( -8 ) at day 23 exposure , a 50-fold decrease .
For the hamster model , the tumor-initiation rate decreased 1250-fold from 1 . 2x10 ( -5 ) at day 7 exposure to 9 . 6x10 ( -9 ) at day 13 exposure .
Thus , two independent experiments with different rodent species demonstrate that sensitivity of individual cells to damage leading to transplacental carcinogenesis is greatest in the early fetus and lessens markedly as gestation proceeds , in parallel with changing sensitivity to mutation ( Donovan et al , Mutat . Res . , this issue ) .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Similarly , a transplacental study of ENU in the Syrian hamster [ BA Diwan , S Rehm , JM Rice , Age and dose-dependent transplacental carcinogenesis by N-nitrosoethylurea in Syrian golden hamsters , J Cancer Res . Clin . Oncol . 122 ( 1996 ) 643-652 ] found that the numbers of tumors induced were greatest after exposure of late fetal stages .
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| Title: Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L2 .
| | Author: Rund S Lindner B Brade H Holst O | | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 274 ( 24 ) P : 16819-24 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10358025 Accession (PMID): 10358025 | | Abstract: The lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) of Chlamydia trachomatis L2 was isolated from it issue culture-grown elementary bodies using a modified phenol/water procedure followed by extraction with phenol/chloroform/light petroleum .
From a total of 5 x 10 ( 4 ) cm2 of infected monolayers , 22 . 3 mg of LPS were obtained .
Compositional analysis indicated the presence of 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid ( Kdo ) , GlcN , phosphorus , and fatty acids in a molar ratio of 2 . 8 : 2 : 2 . 1 : 4 . 5 .
Matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry performed on the de-O-acylated LPS gave a major molecular ion peak at m/z 1781 . 1 corresponding to a molecule of 3 Kdo , 2 GlcN , 2 phosphates , and two 3-hydroxyeicosanoic acid residues .
The structure of deacylated LPS obtained after successive treatment with hydrazine and potassium hydroxide was determined by 600 MHz NMR spectroscopy as Kdoalpha2-->8Kdoalpha2-->4Kdoalpha2-->6D-GlcpNbeta1 -->6D-GlcpNalpha 1 , 4-bisphosphate .
These data , together with those published recently on the acylation pattern of chlamydial lipid A ( Qureshi , N , Kaltashov , I , Walker , K , Doroshenko , V , Cotter , R J , Takayama , K , Sievert , T R , Rice , P A , Lin , J-S L , and Golenbock , D T ( 1997 ) J Biol . Chem . 272 , 10594-10600 ) allow us to present for the first time the complete structure of a major molecular species of a chlamydial LPS .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These data , together with those published recently on the acylation pattern of chlamydial lipid A ( Qureshi , N , Kaltashov , I , Walker , K , Doroshenko , V , Cotter , R J , Takayama , K , Sievert , T R , Rice , P A , Lin , J-S L , and Golenbock , D T ( 1997 ) J Biol . Chem . 272 , 10594-10600 ) allow us to present for the first time the complete structure of a major molecular species of a chlamydial LPS .
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| Title: [ Association between the results of blood test and blood PCB level of chronic Yusho patients twenty five years after the outbreak ] | | Author: Tokunaga S Hirota Y Kataoka K | | Journal: Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi Citation: V : 90 ( 5 ) P : 157-61 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10396871 Accession (PMID): 10396871 | | Abstract: A cross-sectional study on the association between the results of blood test and the blood concentration of PCB was conducted on the chronic Yusho patients .
The subjects were 265 Yusho patients ( 134 men and 131 women ) who received the annual nationwide health examination for Yusho in 1993 .
The results of the blood test and questionnaire survey at the annual health examination were used for the analyses using ANCOVA .
Serum levels of triglycerides , total cholesterol , GOT , GPT , gamma-GTP , total bilirubin , and conjugated bilirubin were associated with the blood concentration of PCB adjusting for sex , age , drinking habit , smoking habit and body mass index ( BMI ) .
Because the distribution of the serum levels was strongly skewed to the right except that of serum concentration of total cholesterol , they were log transformed to approximate to the Normal distribution .
The association between age and the blood concentration of PCB was significant ( P < 0 . 001 ) , although the associations of sex , drinking habit , smoking habit and BMI to the blood concentration of PCB were not significant .
With the adjustment for sex , age , drinking habit , smoking habit and BMI , the serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly associated with the blood PCB level expressed by loge ( blood concentration of PCB in ppb-1 ) ( P = 0 . 02 and P < 0 . 001 , respectively ) .
The associations of serum levels of GOT , GPT , gamma-GTP , total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin to the PCB level were not significant .
The results of this study suggests the need of careful observation on the serum lipids of Yusho patients , especially those with high concentration of blood PCB , because the serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides are prominent risk factors of heart diseases . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Serum levels of triglycerides , total cholesterol , GOT , GPT , gamma-GTP , total bilirubin , and conjugated bilirubin were associated with the blood concentration of PCB adjusting for sex , age , drinking habit , smoking habit and body mass index ( BMI ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The associations of serum levels of GOT , GPT , gamma-GTP , total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin to the PCB level were not significant .
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| Title: [ Protein quality of three strains of Mexican mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) ] | | Author: Bautista Justo M Alan Guzmn MG Gonzlez de Mej } E Garc } D } z CL Martez G Barboza Corona E | | Journal: Citation: V : 49 ( 1 ) P : 81-5 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10412512 Accession (PMID): 10412512 | | Abstract: The protein quality of fruits bodies of three Pleurotus ostreatus Mexican strains ( INIREB-8 , CDBB-H-896 and CDBB-H-897 ) was evaluated .
The protein concentration ( Nx4 . 38 ) ranged from 17 . 26 to 19 . 97 g/100 g dry weight ; chemical scores were between 74 and 93% with available lysine as a first limiting amino acid in either INIREB-8 and CDBB-H-896 strains or leucine in CDBB-H-897 strain .
The nutritional evaluation revealed 67 . 75 to 68 . 38% in vitro digestibility .
Relative protein values were from 100 . 06-107 . 85% , which were lower than soybean meal and whole egg but larger than those of rice , maize , beans , fava beans and pasta , no differences were found between these values and those of skim milk powder , casein plus methionine and albumin .
In accordance with the last results we concluded that due to their essential amino acids content , mushroom proteins are a good complement of cereals ; furthermore , it is highly recommended to include Pleurotus in the daily diet .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In accordance with the last results we concluded that due to their essential amino acids content , mushroom proteins are a good complement of cereals ; furthermore , it is highly recommended to include Pleurotus in the daily diet .
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