22 matches found in 6 documents. Search time: 0.012 seconds. |
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Score: 9.00 | Title: The LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 genes determine the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling rachis-branch and spikelet development .
| Author: Komatsu M Maekawa M Shimamoto K Kyozuka J | Journal: Dev . Biol . Year: 2001 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11237465 Accession (PMID): 11237465 | Abstract: We have analyzed two mutants that exhibit altered panicle architecture in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
In lax1-2 , which is a new and stronger allele of the previously reported lax mutant , initiation and/or maintenance of rachis-branches , lateral spikelets , and terminal spikelets was severely prevented .
In situ hybridization analysis using OSH1 , a rice knotted1 ( kn1 ) ortholog , confirmed the absence of lateral meristems in lax1-2 panicles .
These defects indicate that the LAX1 gene is required for the initiation/maintenance of axillary meristems in the rice panicle .
In addition to its role in forming lateral meristems , the wild-type LAX1 gene acts as a floral meristem identity gene which specifies the terminal spikelet meristem .
A comparison of the defects in lax1-1 and lax1-2 plants suggested that the sensitivities to reduced LAX1 activity were not uniform among different types of meristems .
In the fzp2 mutant panicle , the basic branching pattern of the panicle was indistinguishable from that of the wild type ; however , specification of both terminal and lateral spikelet meristems was blocked , and sequential rounds of branching occurred at the point where the spikelet meristems are initiated in the wild-type panicle .
This resulted in the generation of a panicle composed of excessive ramification of rachis-branches .
The lax1-1 fzp2 double mutants exhibited a novel , basically additive , phenotype , which suggests that LAX1 and FZP2 function in genetically independent pathways . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: A comparison of the defects in lax1-1 and lax1-2 plants suggested that the sensitivities to reduced LAX1 activity were not uniform among different types of meristems . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The lax1-1 fzp2 double mutants exhibited a novel , basically additive , phenotype , which suggests that LAX1 and FZP2 function in genetically independent pathways . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In lax1-2 , which is a new and stronger allele of the previously reported lax mutant , initiation and/or maintenance of rachis-branches , lateral spikelets , and terminal spikelets was severely prevented . [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In situ hybridization analysis using OSH1 , a rice knotted1 ( kn1 ) ortholog , confirmed the absence of lateral meristems in lax1-2 panicles . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: These defects indicate that the LAX1 gene is required for the initiation/maintenance of axillary meristems in the rice panicle . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition to its role in forming lateral meristems , the wild-type LAX1 gene acts as a floral meristem identity gene which specifies the terminal spikelet meristem .
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Score: 10.00 | Title: Two-Step Regulation of LAX PANICLE1 Protein Accumulation in Axillary Meristem Formation in Rice .
| Author: Oikawa T Kyozuka J | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2009 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19346465 Accession (PMID): 19346465 | Abstract: Axillary meristem ( AM ) formation is an important determinant of plant architecture .
In rice ( Oryza sativa ) , LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) function is required for the generation of AM throughout the plants lifespan .
Here , we show a close relationship between AM initiation and leaf development ; specifically , the plastochron 4 ( P4 ) stage of leaf development is crucial for the proliferation of meristematic cells .
Coincident with this , LAX1 expression starts in the axils of leaves at P4 stage .
LAX1 mRNA accumulates in two to three layers of cells in the boundary region between the initiating AM and the shoot apical meristem .
In lax1 mutants , the proliferation of meristematic cells is initiated but fails to progress into the formation of AM .
The difference in sites of LAX1 mRNA expression and its action suggests non-cell-autonomous characteristics of LAX1 function .
We found that LAX1 protein is trafficked to AM in a stage and direction-specific manner .
Furthermore , we present evidence that LAX1 protein movement is required for the full function of LAX1 .
Thus , we propose that LAX1 protein accumulates transiently in the initiating AM at P4 stage by a strict regulation of mRNA expression and a subsequent control of protein trafficking .
This two-step regulation is crucial to the establishment of the new AM .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The difference in sites of LAX1 mRNA expression and its action suggests non-cell-autonomous characteristics of LAX1 function . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Furthermore , we present evidence that LAX1 protein movement is required for the full function of LAX1 . [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In rice ( Oryza sativa ) , LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) function is required for the generation of AM throughout the plants lifespan . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Coincident with this , LAX1 expression starts in the axils of leaves at P4 stage . [ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: LAX1 mRNA accumulates in two to three layers of cells in the boundary region between the initiating AM and the shoot apical meristem . [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In lax1 mutants , the proliferation of meristematic cells is initiated but fails to progress into the formation of AM . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found that LAX1 protein is trafficked to AM in a stage and direction-specific manner . [ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , we propose that LAX1 protein accumulates transiently in the initiating AM at P4 stage by a strict regulation of mRNA expression and a subsequent control of protein trafficking .
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Score: 1.00 | Title: Phylogenomic analyses of the BARREN STALK1/LAX PANICLE1 ( BA1/LAX1 ) genes and evidence for their roles during axillary meristem development .
| Author: Woods DP Hope CL Malcomber ST | Journal: Mol Biol Evol Year: 2011 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21297156 Accession (PMID): 21297156 | Abstract: The diversity of plant architectural form is largely determined by the extent and duration of axillary meristem ( AM ) derived lateral growth .
The orthologous basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH ) proteins maize BARREN STALK1 ( BA1 ) and rice LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) are essential for the formation of AMs during vegetative development and all lateral structures during inflorescence development , but whether BA1/LAX1 co-orthologs exist outside of the grass family is unclear .
Here , we present Bayesian phylogenetic evidence of a well-supported BA1/LAX1 clade comprised monocots and eudicots , estimating an origin for the lineage at least near the base of flowering plants .
Genomic analyses in Arabidopsis , papaya , medicago , rice , sorghum , and maize indicate that BA1/LAX1 genes reside in syntenic regions , although there has also been a complex pattern of gene duplication and loss during the diversification of the angiosperm clade .
BA1/LAX1 mRNA expression coincided with the initiation of leaves and associated AMs in the vegetative meristems of broccoli , medicago , and papaya implicating a role for the lineage in the formation of AMs in eudicots as well as monocots .
Expression on the adaxial surface of lateral inflorescence structures was conserved in all sampled flowering plants , whereas mRNA expression in leaves of Arabidopsis , broccoli , and papaya also links BA1/LAX1 co-orthologs with roles in regulating leaf development , possibly as a downstream target of auxin regulating genes .
Together these data point to roles for BA1/LAX1 genes during AM formation , leaf , and inflorescence development in diverse flowering plants and lend support to the hypothesis that the same genetic mechanisms regulate the development of different AM types .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The orthologous basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH ) proteins maize BARREN STALK1 ( BA1 ) and rice LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) are essential for the formation of AMs during vegetative development and all lateral structures during inflorescence development , but whether BA1/LAX1 co-orthologs exist outside of the grass family is unclear .
| Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 4.00 | Title: LAX PANICLE2 of rice encodes a novel nuclear protein and regulates the formation of axillary meristems .
| Author: Tabuchi H Zhang Y Hattori S Omae M Shimizu-Sato S Oikawa T Qian Q Nishimura M Kitano H Xie H Fang X Yoshida H Kyozuka J Chen F Sato Y | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2011 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21963665 Accession (PMID): 21963665 | Abstract: Aerial architecture in higher plants is dependent on the activity of the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) and axillary meristems ( AMs ) .
The SAM produces a main shoot and leaf primordia , while AMs are generated at the axils of leaf primordia and give rise to branches and flowers .
Therefore , the formation of AMs is a critical step in the construction of plant architecture .
Here , we characterized the rice ( Oryza sativa ) lax panicle2 ( lax2 ) mutant , which has altered AM formation .
LAX2 regulates the branching of the aboveground parts of a rice plant throughout plant development , except for the primary branch in the panicle .
The lax2 mutant is similar to lax panicle1 ( lax1 ) in that it lacks an AM in most of the lateral branching of the panicle and has a reduced number of AMs at the vegetative stage .
The lax1 lax2 double mutant synergistically enhances the reduced-branching phenotype , indicating the presence of multiple pathways for branching .
LAX2 encodes a nuclear protein that contains a plant-specific conserved domain and physically interacts with LAX1 .
We propose that LAX2 is a novel factor that acts together with LAX1 in rice to regulate the process of AM formation .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lax2 mutant is similar to lax panicle1 ( lax1 ) in that it lacks an AM in most of the lateral branching of the panicle and has a reduced number of AMs at the vegetative stage . [ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lax1 lax2 double mutant synergistically enhances the reduced-branching phenotype , indicating the presence of multiple pathways for branching . [ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: LAX2 encodes a nuclear protein that contains a plant-specific conserved domain and physically interacts with LAX1 . [ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: We propose that LAX2 is a novel factor that acts together with LAX1 in rice to regulate the process of AM formation .
| Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 | Title: The bHLH protein ROX acts in concert with RAX1 and LAS to modulate axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis .
| Author: Yang F Wang Q Schmitz G Muller D Theres K | Journal: Plant J Year: 2012 | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22372440 Accession (PMID): 22372440 | Abstract: During post-embryonic shoot development , new meristems are initiated in the axils of leaves .
They produce secondary axes of growth that determine morphological plasticity and reproductive efficiency in higher plants .
In this study , we describe the role of the bHLH-protein-encoding Arabidopsis gene REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION ( ROX ) , which is the ortholog of the branching regulators LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) in rice and barren stalk1 ( ba1 ) in maize . rox mutants display compromised axillary bud formation during vegetative shoot development , and combination of rox mutants with mutations in RAX1 and LAS , two key regulators of axillary meristem initiation , enhances their branching defects .
In contrast to lax1 and ba1 , flower development is unaffected in rox mutants .
Over-expression of ROX leads to formation of accessory side shoots .
ROX mRNA accumulates at the adaxial boundary of leaf and flower primordia .
However , in the vegetative phase , axillary meristems initiate after ROX expression has terminated , suggesting an indirect role for ROX in meristem formation .
During vegetative development , ROX expression is dependent on RAX1 and LAS activity , and all three genes act in concert to modulate axillary meristem formation .
| Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we describe the role of the bHLH-protein-encoding Arabidopsis gene REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION ( ROX ) , which is the ortholog of the branching regulators LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) in rice and barren stalk1 ( ba1 ) in maize . rox mutants display compromised axillary bud formation during vegetative shoot development , and combination of rox mutants with mutations in RAX1 and LAS , two key regulators of axillary meristem initiation , enhances their branching defects . [ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast to lax1 and ba1 , flower development is unaffected in rox mutants .
| Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 | Title: The LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 genes determine the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling rachis-branch and spikelet development .
| Author: Komatsu M Maekawa M Shimamoto K Kyozuka J | Journal: Dev . Biol . Year: 2001 | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11237465 Accession (PMID): 11237465 | Abstract: We have analyzed two mutants that exhibit altered panicle architecture in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
In lax1-2 , which is a new and stronger allele of the previously reported lax mutant , initiation and/or maintenance of rachis-branches , lateral spikelets , and terminal spikelets was severely prevented .
In situ hybridization analysis using OSH1 , a rice knotted1 ( kn1 ) ortholog , confirmed the absence of lateral meristems in lax1-2 panicles .
These defects indicate that the LAX1 gene is required for the initiation/maintenance of axillary meristems in the rice panicle .
In addition to its role in forming lateral meristems , the wild-type LAX1 gene acts as a floral meristem identity gene which specifies the terminal spikelet meristem .
A comparison of the defects in lax1-1 and lax1-2 plants suggested that the sensitivities to reduced LAX1 activity were not uniform among different types of meristems .
In the fzp2 mutant panicle , the basic branching pattern of the panicle was indistinguishable from that of the wild type ; however , specification of both terminal and lateral spikelet meristems was blocked , and sequential rounds of branching occurred at the point where the spikelet meristems are initiated in the wild-type panicle .
This resulted in the generation of a panicle composed of excessive ramification of rachis-branches .
The lax1-1 fzp2 double mutants exhibited a novel , basically additive , phenotype , which suggests that LAX1 and FZP2 function in genetically independent pathways . | Matching Sentences: [ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 genes determine the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling rachis-branch and spikelet development .
| Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |