| 499 matches found in 345 documents. Search time: 0.034 seconds. |
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| Title: The refolding , purification , and activity analysis of a rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor expressed in Escherichia coli .
| | Journal: Protein Expr . Purif . Citation: V : 15 ( 1 ) P : 99-104 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10024476 Accession (PMID): 10024476 | | Abstract: A putative rice trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor of the Bowman-Birk family , RBBI-8 of about 20 kDa , was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein bearing an N-terminal ( His ) 6 purification tag .
The expressed recombinant protein , rRBBI-8 , is insoluble and accumulates as inclusion bodies .
The insoluble protein was solubilized in 8 M urea under reducing environment and then refolded into its active conformation under optimized redox conditions .
Strategies used to optimize yield and efficiency include selecting the redox system , increasing protein concentration during refolding by adding the denatured protein in a stepwise way , utilizing additives to prevent aggregation , and selecting buffer-exchanging conditions .
A Ni-chelate affinity column was then employed to purify the renatured protein . rRBBI-8 shows strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and it can slightly inhibit chymotrypsin .
In this study , a refolding and purification system was set up for this cysteine-rich recombinant protein expressed in a prokaryotic system . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A Ni-chelate affinity column was then employed to purify the renatured protein . rRBBI-8 shows strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and it can slightly inhibit chymotrypsin .
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase from germinating barley .
| | Journal: Biochim . Biophys . Acta Citation: V : 1431 ( 2 ) P : 538-46 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10350630 Accession (PMID): 10350630 | | Abstract: The gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase , LD , from barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) , was isolated from a genomic phage library using a barley cDNA clone as probe .
The gene encodes a protein of 904 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 98 . 6 kDa .
This is in agreement with a value of 105 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE .
The coding sequence is interrupted by 26 introns varying in length from 93 bp to 825 bp .
The 27 exons vary in length from 53 bp to 197 bp .
Southern blot analysis shows that the limit dextrinase gene is present as a single copy in the barley genome .
Gene expression is high during germination and the steady state transcription level reaches a maximum at day 5 of germination .
The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to the protein sequence of limit dextrinase purified from germinating malt , as determined by automated N-terminal sequencing of tryptic fragments coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry .
The sequenced peptide fragments cover 70% of the entire protein sequence , which shows 62% and 77% identity to that of starch debranching enzymes from spinach and rice and 37% identity to Klebsiella pullulanase .
Sequence alignment supports the multidomain architecture and identifies both secondary structure elements of the catalytic ( beta/alpha ) 8-barrel substrate , catalytic residues , and specificity associated motifs characteristic of members of the glycoside hydrolase family 13 which cleave alpha-1 , 6-glucosidic bonds .
A remarkable distribution of the secondary structure elements to individual exons is observed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to the protein sequence of limit dextrinase purified from germinating malt , as determined by automated N-terminal sequencing of tryptic fragments coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry .
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| Title: Localization of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in chloroplasts .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 40 ( 3 ) P : 348-54 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10353221 Accession (PMID): 10353221 | | Abstract: The subcellular localization of plant farnesyl diphosphate synthase ( FPPS ) was examined .
Immunocytochemical staining using anti-FPPS1 antibody followed by electron microscopy showed that FPPS1 was localized to chloroplasts of rice mesophyll cells .
Subcellular fractions from wheat leaves were examined by immunoblot analysis .
FPPS was detected in the chloroplast fraction in wheat , and was protected from proteolysis following trypsin treatment of chloroplasts .
FPPS was also detected in the chloroplast fraction of a dicot plant , tobacco | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: FPPS was detected in the chloroplast fraction in wheat , and was protected from proteolysis following trypsin treatment of chloroplasts .
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| Title: Nitrogen retention and plasma amino acids of adults who consumed isonitrogenous diets containing rice and milk or wheat versus their constituent amino acids .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 29 ( 12 ) P : 1343-52 Year: 1976 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1036663 Accession (PMID): 1036663 | | Abstract: Nitrogen retention and concentrations of plasma amino acids were compared when young adults consumed isonitrogenous diets containing proteins ( 3 . 0 g of N from rice plus 3 . 0 g of N from milk or 3 . 0 g of N from rice plus 3 . 0 g of N from wheat flour ) or mixtures of their constituent amino acids .
Diets containing proteins induced greater nitrogen retention than did those containing corresponding amounts of amino acids in crystalline form , and the difference between the combinations of proteins was delineated more sharply .
Concentrations of several amino acids were elevated by substituting crystalline amino acids for proteins , especially in postprandial plasma .
Subjects responded differently to addition of the limiting amino acids , lysine and tryptophan , to the diets containing amino acids instead of rice plus wheat .
Therefore , data obtained by means of combinations of cereals and by mixtures of their constituent amino acids can not always be used interchangeably . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Subjects responded differently to addition of the limiting amino acids , lysine and tryptophan , to the diets containing amino acids instead of rice plus wheat .
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| Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cysteine-rich 16 . 6-kDa prolamin in rice seeds .
| | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 63 ( 11 ) P : 1851-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10635550 Accession (PMID): 10635550 | | Abstract: An alcohol-soluble storage protein , a 16 . 6-kDa prolamin found in rice seeds , was purified from both the total protein body and purified type I protein body fractions .
The partial amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides generated from the purified polypeptide were analyzed .
A part of the 16 . 6-kDa prolamin cDNA was amplified from developing seed mRNA by the reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction using an oligo ( dT ) primer and a primer which was synthesized based on the partial amino acid sequence .
The amplified product was used to isolate the full-length cDNA clone ( lambda RP16 ) from a developing seed cDNA library .
The cDNA has an open reading frame encoding a hydrophobic polypeptide of 149 amino acids .
The polypeptide was rich in glutamine ( 20 . 0% ) , cysteine ( 10 . 0% ) , and methionine ( 6 . 9% ) .
The cysteine content was higher than those of most other rice storage proteins .
Messenger RNA of the 16 . 6-kDa prolamin was detected in seeds , but not in other aerial it issues . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The partial amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides generated from the purified polypeptide were analyzed .
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| Title: Identification of novel serine proteinase gene transcripts in the midguts of two tropical insect pests , Scirpophaga incertulas ( Wk . ) and Helicoverpa armigera ( Hb . ) .
| | Journal: Insect Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 30 ( 1 ) P : 57-68 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10646971 Accession (PMID): 10646971 | | Abstract: We have used RT PCR and 3RACE to identify diverse serine proteinase genes expressed in the midguts of the rice yellow stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas ) and Asian corn borer ( Helicoverpa armigera ) .
The RT-PCR primers encoded the conserved regions around the active site histidine57 and serine195 of Drosophila melanogaster alpha trypsin , including aspartate189 of the specificity pocket .
These primers amplified three transcripts ( SiP1-3 ) from midguts of S incertulas , and two transcripts ( HaP1-2 ) from midguts of H armigera .
The five RT PCR products were sequenced to permit design of gene-specific forward primers for use with anchored oligo dT primers in 3RACE .
Sequencing of the 3RACE products indicated that SiP1 , SiP2 and HaP1 encoded trypsin-like serine proteinases , while HaP2 encoded a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases .
The SiP3 transcript proved to be an abundant 960 nt mRNA encoding a trypsin-like protein in which the active site serine195 was replaced by aspartate .
The possible functions of this unusual protein are discussed .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The RT-PCR primers encoded the conserved regions around the active site histidine57 and serine195 of Drosophila melanogaster alpha trypsin , including aspartate189 of the specificity pocket .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequencing of the 3RACE products indicated that SiP1 , SiP2 and HaP1 encoded trypsin-like serine proteinases , while HaP2 encoded a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The SiP3 transcript proved to be an abundant 960 nt mRNA encoding a trypsin-like protein in which the active site serine195 was replaced by aspartate .
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| Title: Characterizing rice lesion mimic mutants and identifying a mutant with broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight .
| | Journal: Mol .
Plant Microbe Interact .
Citation: V : 13 ( 8 ) P : 869-76 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10939258 Accession (PMID): 10939258 | | Abstract: Many plant mutants develop spontaneous lesions that resemble disease symptoms in the absence of pathogen attack .
In several pathosystems , lesion mimic mutations have been shown to be involved in programmed cell death , which in some instances leads to enhanced disease resistance to multiple pathogens .
We investigated the relationship between spontaneous cell death and disease resistance in rice with nine mutants with a range of lesion mimic phenotypes .
All nine mutations are controlled by recessive genes and some of these mutants have stunted growth and other abnormal characteristics .
The lesion mimics that appeared on the leaves of these mutants were caused by cell death as measured by trypan blue staining .
Activation of six defense-related genes was observed in most of the mutants when the mimic lesions developed .
Four mutants exhibited significant enhanced resistance to rice blast One of the mutants , spl11 , confers non-race-specific resistance not only to blast but also to bacterial blight .
The level of resistance in the spl11 mutant to the two pathogens correlates with the defense-related gene expression and lesion development on the leaves .
The results suggest that some lesion mimic mutations in rice may be involved in disease resistance , and cloning of these genes may provide a clue to developing broad-spectrum resistance to diverse pathogens . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lesion mimics that appeared on the leaves of these mutants were caused by cell death as measured by trypan blue staining .
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| Title: The maize major allergen , which is responsible for food-induced allergic reactions , is a lipid transfer protein .
| | Journal: J Allergy Clin . Immunol . Citation: V : 106 ( 4 ) P : 744-51 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11031346 Accession (PMID): 11031346 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Cereals are the most important nutritional component in the human diet .
Food-induced allergic reactions to these substances therefore have serious implications , and exhaustive diagnosis is required .
Such diagnosis is still difficult because of the incomplete knowledge about major cereal allergens .
In particular , few food-induced allergic reactions to maize have been reported , and no information on the allergenic proteins is available .
OBJECTIVE : Having observed several anaphylactic reactions to maize , we planned a study to identify maize major allergens and cross-reactivity with other cereals , as well as to peach because the majority of patients also reacted to Prunoideae fruits .
METHODS : Twenty-two patients with systemic symptoms after maize ingestion and positive skin prick test responses and serum-specific IgE antibodies to maize were selected .
The IgE-reactivity pattern was identified by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting .
The major allergen identified was then purified by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry , determination of the isoelectric point value , and N-terminal amino acid sequencing .
RESULTS : Sera from 19 ( 86% ) of the 22 patients recognized a 9-kd protein , thus confirming this as the maize major allergen .
This protein had an isoelectric point of greater than 9 , a molecular mass of 9047 . 0 d , and no glycosylation .
Determination of its N-terminal sequence showed that it was a lipid transfer protein ( LTP ) .
By using immunoblotting-inhibition experiments , we demonstrated that the LTP cross-reacts completely with rice and peach LTPs but not with wheat or barley LTPs .
N-terminal sequence of the 16-kd allergen ( recognized by 36% of patients ) showed it to be the maize inhibitor of trypsin .
This protein cross-reacts completely with grass , wheat , barley , and rice trypsin inhibitors .
CONCLUSION : The major allergen of maize is an LTP with a molecular weight of 9 kd that is highly homologous with the peach LTP , the major allergen of the Prunoideae subfamily .
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[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: N-terminal sequence of the 16-kd allergen ( recognized by 36% of patients ) showed it to be the maize inhibitor of trypsin .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: This protein cross-reacts completely with grass , wheat , barley , and rice trypsin inhibitors .
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| Title: Identification and characterization of the major allergens of buckwheat .
| | Journal: Allergy Citation: V : 55 ( 11 ) P : 1035-41 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11097313 Accession (PMID): 11097313 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Buckwheat ( BW ) has been recognized as a common food allergen in Korea , Japan , and other countries .
Until now , serologic findings of BW food-allergic patients and its major allergenic components have not been clarified .
In this study , we analyzed the serologic findings of BW food allergy and characterized its major allergenic components .
METHODS : Nineteen BW-allergic subjects with symptoms after BW ingestion and 15 asymptomatic control subjects with positive skin prick test to BW were recruited .
BW-specific IgE was measured with the Pharmacia CAP kit .
Allergenic components of BW were analyzed by IgE immunoblotting , periodate oxidation , two-dimensonal PAGE , and sequencing of N-terminal amino acids .
RESULTS : From the BW-allergic patients and asymptomatic controls , the sensitivity ( 100% ) , specificity ( 53% ) , and negative ( 100% ) and positive predictive values ( 73% ) of Pharmacia CAP specific IgE for diagnosis were estimated .
The prevalence of IgE binding to 24-kDa ( pI 8 . 3 ) , 16-kDa ( pI 5 . 6 ) , and 9-kDa ( pI 5 . 0/ 6 . 0 ) allergens was higher than 50% in BW-allergic and asymptomatic subjects .
However , the specific IgE to split 19-kDa ( pI 6 . 5/7 . 0 ) allergens were more specifically found in BW-allergic patients than in asymptomatic subjects ( 78% vs 7% ) .
N-terminal amino-acid sequences of 19-kDa and 16-kDa allergens showed moderate and weak homology to the 19-kDa globulin protein of rice and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor of millet , respectively .
The N-terminus of the 9-kDa isoallergens were not different from each other and were identified as the reported trypsin inhibitors of BW .
Attenuation of the IgE binding to the 9-kDa allergen was found with periodate oxidation .
CONCLUSIONS : The allergens of 24 , 19 , 16 , and 9 kDa are strong candidates to be major allergens , and the 19-kDa allergen was relatively specific for BW-allergic patients .
Moreover , measurement of BW-specific IgE and the features of immunoblotting should be very useful tools in the diagnosis of BW allergy .
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[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The N-terminus of the 9-kDa isoallergens were not different from each other and were identified as the reported trypsin inhibitors of BW .
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| Title: Chloroplast fructose-1 , 6-bisphosphatase from Oryza differs in salt tolerance property from the Porteresia enzyme and is protected by osmolytes .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 160 ( 6 ) P : 1171-1181 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11337074 Accession (PMID): 11337074 | | Abstract: Salinity exerted a distinctly differential effect on fructose-1 , 6-bisphosphatase ( EC .
3 . 1 . 3 . 11 ) isolated from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice ( Oryza sativa ) varieties .
Cytosolic and chloroplastic isoforms of the enzyme from salt-sensitive rice seedlings exhibited decreased catalytic activity during growth in the presence of salt .
Furthermore , chloroplastic fructose 1 , 6-bisphosphatase purified from salt-sensitive ( O sativa cv .
IR26 ) and from the wild halophytic rice Porteresia coarctata differed in their in vitro salt tolerance property although they exhibited otherwise identical biochemical and immunological properties .
This decline in enzyme activity was not correlated with de novo synthesis of the chloroplastic fructose-1 , 6-bisphosphatase protein in the presence of salt .
The inhibitory effect of increasing concentration of NaCl on in vitro enzymatic activity could be prevented by preincubation of the enzyme with a number of osmolytes with an effectiveness in the order polyol>sugars .
Further , the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the purified rice enzyme is altered in vitro with increasing NaCl concentration which could be prevented by preincubation with inositol .
Purified chloroplastic fructose-1 . 6-bisphosphatase from P coarctata however , exhibits no such inhibition of enzyme activity in vitro or alteration in tryptophan fluorescence with increasing NaCl concentration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further , the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the purified rice enzyme is altered in vitro with increasing NaCl concentration which could be prevented by preincubation with inositol .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Purified chloroplastic fructose-1 . 6-bisphosphatase from P coarctata however , exhibits no such inhibition of enzyme activity in vitro or alteration in tryptophan fluorescence with increasing NaCl concentration .
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| Title: Characterization of rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit genes OASA1 and OASA2 .
Tryptophan accumulation in transgenic rice expressing a feedback-insensitive mutant of OASA1 .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 126 ( 4 ) P : 1493-506 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11500548 Accession (PMID): 11500548 | | Abstract: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan ( Trp ) , indole-3-acetic acid , and indole alkaloids .
Two genes , OASA1 and OASA2 , encoding AS alpha-subunits were isolated from a monocotyledonous plant , rice ( Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare ) , and were characterized .
A phylogenetic tree of AS alpha-subunits from various species revealed a close evolutionary relationship among OASA1 and Arabidopsis ASA2 , Ruta graveolens AS alpha 2 , and tobacco ASA2 , whereas OASA2 , Arabidopsis ASA1 , and R graveolens AS alpha 1 were more distantly related .
OASA1 is expressed in all it issues tested , but the amount of its mRNA was greater in panicles than in leaves and roots .
The abundance of OASA2 transcripts is similar among it issues and greater than that of OASA1 transcripts ; furthermore , OASA2 expression was induced by a chitin heptamer , a potent elicitor , suggesting that OASA2 participates in secondary metabolism .
Expression of wild-type OASA1 or OASA2 transgenes did not affect the Trp content of rice calli or plants .
However , transformed calli and plants expressing a mutated OASA1 gene , OASA1 ( D323N ) , that encodes a protein in which aspartate-323 is replaced with asparagine manifested up to 180 and 35-fold increases , respectively , in Trp accumulation .
These transgenic calli and plants were resistant to 300 microM 5-methyl-Trp , and AS activity of the calli showed a markedly reduced sensitivity to Trp .
These results show that OASA1 is important in the regulation of free Trp concentration , and that mutation of OASA1 to render the encoded protein insensitive to feedback inhibition results in accumulation of Trp at high levels .
The OASA1 ( D323N ) transgene may prove useful for the generation of crops with an increased Trp content . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan ( Trp ) , indole-3-acetic acid , and indole alkaloids .
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| Title: Some tryptophan pathways in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| | Journal: Folia Microbiol .
( Praha ) Citation: V : 45 ( 6 ) P : 531-7 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11501419 Accession (PMID): 11501419 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , the causal organism of bacterial blight of rice which produces leaf blight as well as kresek ( wilt ) symptoms in plants were tested for indole , auxin production in culture supplemented with L-tryptophan .
On the basis of indoleacetic acid ( IAA ) production the isolates were grouped into IAA-positive and IAA-negative .
Out of 17 isolates , 11 were IAA-positive while 6 were IAA-negative .
The isolates metabolized tryptophan through two different routes and the isolates vary in the pathway of tryptophan utilization .
The IAA-positive isolates converted tryptophan to IAA as the end product , whereas the IAA-negative isolates formed anthranilate as an intermediate metabolite and finally produced pyrocatechol via the kynurenine pathway .
Quantification of tryptophan metabolism revealed that the maximum production of IAA and pyrocatechol in culture occurred during 2-d incubation at 30 +/- 2 degrees C | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The isolates metabolized tryptophan through two different routes and the isolates vary in the pathway of tryptophan utilization .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The IAA-positive isolates converted tryptophan to IAA as the end product , whereas the IAA-negative isolates formed anthranilate as an intermediate metabolite and finally produced pyrocatechol via the kynurenine pathway .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quantification of tryptophan metabolism revealed that the maximum production of IAA and pyrocatechol in culture occurred during 2-d incubation at 30 +/- 2 degrees C
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| Title: Expression of beta-expansins is correlated with internodal elongation in deepwater rice .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 127 ( 2 ) P : 645-54 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11598238 Accession (PMID): 11598238 | | Abstract: Fourteen putative rice ( Oryza sativa ) beta-expansin genes , Os-EXPB1 through Os-EXPB14 , were identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases .
The DNA and deduced amino acid sequences are highly conserved in all 14 beta-expansins .
They have a series of conserved C ( cysteine ) residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , an HFD ( histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ) motif in the central region , and a series of W ( tryptophan ) residues near the carboxyl terminus .
Five beta-expansin genes are expressed in deepwater rice internodes , with especially high transcript levels in the growing region .
Expression of four beta-expansin genes in the internode was induced by treatment with gibberellin and by wounding .
The wound response resulted from excising stem sections or from piercing pinholes into the stem of intact plants .
The level of wound-induced beta-expansin transcripts declined rapidly 5 h after cutting of stem sections .
We conclude that the expression of beta-expansin genes is correlated with rapid elongation of deepwater rice internodes , it is induced by gibberellin and wounding , and wound-induced beta-expansin mRNA appears to turn over rapidly . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: They have a series of conserved C ( cysteine ) residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , an HFD ( histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ) motif in the central region , and a series of W ( tryptophan ) residues near the carboxyl terminus .
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| Title: Biochemical characterization of the kinase domain of the rice disease resistance receptor-like kinase XA21 .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 277 ( 23 ) P : 20264-9 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11927577 Accession (PMID): 11927577 | | Abstract: The rice disease resistance gene , Xa21 , encodes a receptor kinase-like protein consisting of leucine-rich repeats in the putative extracellular domain and a serine/threonine kinase in the putative intracellular domain .
The putative XA21 kinase domain was expressed as maltose-binding and glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli .
The fusion proteins are capable of autophosphorylation .
Phosphoamino acid analysis of the glutathione S-transferase fusion protein indicates that only serine and threonine residues are phosphorylated .
The relative phosphorylation rate of the XA21 kinase against increasing enzyme concentrations follows a first-order rather than second-order kinetics , indicating an intramolecular phosphorylation mechanism .
Moreover , the active XA21 kinase can not phosphorylate a kinase-deficient mutant of XA21 kinase .
The enzymatic activity of the XA21 kinase in a buffer containing Mn ( 2+ ) is at least 15 times higher than that with Mg ( 2+ ) .
The K ( m ) and V ( max ) of XA21 kinase for ATP are 0 . 3 microm and 8 . 4 nmol/mg/min , respectively .
Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping reveals that multiple sites on the XA21 kinase are phosphorylated .
Finally , our data suggest that the region of XA21 kinase corresponding to the RD kinase activation domain is not phosphorylated , revealing a distinct mode of action compared with the tomato Pto serine/threonine kinase conferring disease resistance . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping reveals that multiple sites on the XA21 kinase are phosphorylated .
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| Title: Nutrient and sensory qualities of kunun zaki from different saccharification agents .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 53 ( 2 ) P : 109-15 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11939105 Accession (PMID): 11939105 | | Abstract: Kunun zaki--a cereal-based non-alcoholic , non-carbonated beverage--was studied .
The ratio of blends of major ingredients , nutrient , amino acid content and sensory qualities of kunun zaki generated with different saccharifying agents were investigated .
The main ingredients of the formulations were malted rice , sweet potato , soybeans and Cadaba farinosa ( Dangarafa or Legel in Hausa ) , each used separately with sorghum to produce a kunun zaki type .
The weight ratios of the major ingredients were 8 : 91 for malted rice-sorghum , 7 : 92 for sweet potato-sorghum , 9 : 90 for soybean-sorghum and 4 : 95 for Cadaba farinosa-sorghum blends with ginger contributing 1% in each case as a spice .
The nutrient composition of kunun zaki samples from different saccharifying agents ranged from 87 to 91% for moisture , 3 . 19 to 7 . 86% for crude protein , 0 . 37 to 0 . 75% for fat , 0 . 93 to 1 . 20% for ash and 2 . 69 to 5 . 84% for carbohydrate .
Glutamic acid ( 4 . 49-11 . 66 g ) was the most abundant amino acid in the samples while cysteine was the least abundant ( 0 . 34-1 . 45 g ) in all the samples .
The lowest concentration of all the essential amino acids except for tryptophan occurred when malted rice was used ( 0 . 44-1 . 40 g ) .
Among the essential amino acids , cysteine , valine , isoleucine and methionine occurred in extremely low quantities compared with FAO/WHO reference protein values .
The dual role ( saccharification and enrichment ) of soybean in kunun zaki processing is a desirable attribute and offers an advantage over the other agents .
The different saccharifying agents had no significant effect ( P > 0 . 05 ) on colour and flavour of kunun zaki but did influence sweetness , mouthfeel and overall acceptability .
The beverage made with malted rice was most liked overall .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lowest concentration of all the essential amino acids except for tryptophan occurred when malted rice was used ( 0 . 44-1 . 40 g ) .
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| Title: A rice spotted leaf gene , Spl7 , encodes a heat stress transcription factor protein .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 99 ( 11 ) P : 7530-5 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12032317 Accession (PMID): 12032317 | | Abstract: A rice spotted leaf ( lesion-mimic ) gene , Spl7 , was identified by map-based cloning .
High-resolution mapping with cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers enabled us to define a genomic region of 3 kb as a candidate for Spl7 .
We found one ORF that showed high similarity to a heat stress transcription factor ( HSF ) .
Transgenic analysis verified the function of the candidate gene for Spl7 : leaf spot development was suppressed in spl7 mutants with a wild-type Spl7 transgene .
Thus , we conclude that Spl7 encodes the HSF protein .
The transcript of spl7 was observed in mutant plants .
The levels of mRNAs ( Spl7 in wild type and spl7 in mutant ) increased under heat stress .
Sequence analysis revealed only one base substitution in the HSF DNA-binding domain of the mutant allele , causing a change from tryptophan to cysteine . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequence analysis revealed only one base substitution in the HSF DNA-binding domain of the mutant allele , causing a change from tryptophan to cysteine .
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| Title: The patterns of Cd-binding proteins in rice and wheat seed and their stability .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 37 ( 4 ) P : 541-51 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12046654 Accession (PMID): 12046654 | | Abstract: The protein-binding forms of cadmium in polluted rice and wheat seeds and their stability were investigated using the methods of Sephadex chromatography .
Three absorption peaks ( F-I , F-II and F-III ) were identified in Tris-HCl extraction of rice and wheat on Sephadex G 75 .
The Cd in the protein extracts from rice and wheat seeds was distributed mainly in the fractions of F-I and F-III .
The apparent molecular weights of Cd-binding proteins for F-I and F-III were 54 . 5 and 5 . 5 KD , respectively .
The components of amino acid for the protein bound with heavy metals were different .
There were high contents of glutamic acid , cysteine , valine , isoleucine , leucine and tyrosine in the protein extracts of rice and wheat .
After cooking , the Cd-binding proteins were destroyed .
High molecular weight protein-binding form ( 54 . 5 KD ) was broken into low molecular weight complex ( 5 . 5 KD ) or tiny peptide chain .
Simultaneously , Cd bound with protein was released , or mainly bound with protein of smaller molecular size .
Enzyme treatment ( pepsin and trypsin ) also caused a destruction of Cd binding protein and a change in the distribution of Cd in the eluent .
The concentrations of Cd in the elution of first and third peak decreased markedly , and the Cd distribution was observed in the elution after third peak ( F-III ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enzyme treatment ( pepsin and trypsin ) also caused a destruction of Cd binding protein and a change in the distribution of Cd in the eluent .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Purification and characterization of a novel 7-kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 from rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
| | Journal: Biochem . Biophys . Res . Commun . Citation: V : 294 ( 3 ) P : 535-40 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12056799 Accession (PMID): 12056799 | | Abstract: A novel 7-kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 ( nsLTP2 ) has been isolated from rice ( Oryza sativa ) seeds .
In contrast to nsLTP1s , few nsLTP2s have been purified and characterized .
Complete amino acid sequence of rice nsLTP2 was determined by N-terminal Edman degradation of the intact protein as well as the peptide fragments resulted from trypsin digestions .
Rice nsLTP2 consists of 69 amino acid residues with eight conserved cysteines forming four disulfide bonds .
The secondary structure of rice nsLTP2 is predominantly alpha-helical as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy .
Cysteine pairings of nsLTP2 have one miss match at Cys ( 35 ) -X-Cys ( 37 ) motif compared to nsLTP1 .
Primary structure analysis of various plant nsLTP2s revealed an interesting conservation of sequence features among nsLTP2 family . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Complete amino acid sequence of rice nsLTP2 was determined by N-terminal Edman degradation of the intact protein as well as the peptide fragments resulted from trypsin digestions .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Three GC base pairs required for the efficient aminoacylation of tRNATrp by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis .
| | Journal: Biochemistry Citation: V : 41 ( 25 ) P : 8087-92 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12069601 Accession (PMID): 12069601 | | Abstract: Acceptor stem is an essential region in the recognition of tRNAs by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase .
In this study , a library containing 20 nt random region and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) from Bacillus subtilis were used for in vitro selection to find a new structural feature in the tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem sequence that is required for B subtilis TrpRS recognition .
After three rounds of selection , the TrpRS binding RNAs dominate the RNA pool .
The aptamers share a common structure of three GC base pairs , which was also found in the acceptor stem of wild-type B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) .
A series of tRNA ( Trp ) variants was prepared by in vitro transcription , and their efficiencies of tryptophanylation ( k ( cat ) /K ( M ) ) were measured with the aid of TrpRS from B subtilis .
The mutants that possess the three GC base pairs and G73 discriminator base exhibit almost the same aminoacylation efficiencies as B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) , while the G73 discriminator base itself can not confer efficient aminoacylation to the tRNA ( Trp ) molecule .
Thus , these three base pairs ( G2 . C71 , G3 . C70 , and G4 . C69 ) in the B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem were established to be new identity elements , and their importance was between the previously characterized major element G73 and minor elements A1/U72 and G5/C68 .
The minimum set of identity elements that is required to confer efficient aminoacylation by B subtilis TrpRS included G73 , G2 . C71 , G3 . C70 , and G4 . C69 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , a library containing 20 nt random region and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) from Bacillus subtilis were used for in vitro selection to find a new structural feature in the tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem sequence that is required for B subtilis TrpRS recognition .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A series of tRNA ( Trp ) variants was prepared by in vitro transcription , and their efficiencies of tryptophanylation ( k ( cat ) /K ( M ) ) were measured with the aid of TrpRS from B subtilis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ( NIRS ) enables the fast and accurate prediction of essential amino acid contents .
2 .
Results for wheat , barley , corn , triticale , wheat bran/middlings , rice bran , and sorghum .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 50 ( 14 ) P : 3902-11 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12083857 Accession (PMID): 12083857 | | Abstract: Further NIRS calibrations were developed for the accurate and fast prediction of the total contents of methionine , cystine , lysine , threonine , tryptophan , and other essential amino acids , protein , and moisture in the most important cereals and brans or middlings for animal feed production .
More than 1100 samples of global origin collected over five years were analyzed for amino acids following the Official Methods of the United States and European Union .
Detailed data and graphics are given to characterize the obtained calibration equations .
NIRS was validated with 98 independent samples for wheat and 78 samples for corn and compared to amino acid predictions using linear crude protein regression equations .
With a few exceptions , validation showed that 70-98% of the amino acid variance in the samples could be explained using NIRS .
Especially for lysine and methionine , the most limiting amino acids for farm animals , NIRS can predict contents in cereals much better than crude protein regressions .
Through low cost and high speed of analysis NIRS enables the amino acid analysis of many samples in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation and obtain better quality and lower production costs . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further NIRS calibrations were developed for the accurate and fast prediction of the total contents of methionine , cystine , lysine , threonine , tryptophan , and other essential amino acids , protein , and moisture in the most important cereals and brans or middlings for animal feed production .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Obtaining stem borer-resistant homozygous transgenic lines of Minghui 81 harboring novel cry1Ac gene via particle bombardment ] | | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 29 ( 6 ) P : 519-24 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12096630 Accession (PMID): 12096630 | | Abstract: A modified cry1Ac gene was generated by fusing with Lys-Asp-Glu-Lue ( KDEL ) , an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3-ends , with signal peptide coding sequence of Soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) at the 5-ends .
Vector containing the modified cry1Ac gene coding region flanked by the corn ubiquitin 1 promoter and the nopaline synthase gene ( nos ) terminator with Hygromycin Phosphotransferase ( hpt ) gene as a plant selection marker was constructed .
The modified cry1Ac gene in which toxic protein targeted to endoplasmic retention was successfully transferred into Minghui 81 ( Oryza sativa L subsp . indica ) , an elite restoring line of commercial CMS indica hybrid rice , through particle bombardment and obtained fertile transformants .
Homozygous transgenic rice lines were obtained in the third generation exploiting self-seed set reproduction and HygromycinB selection .
These transgenic lines were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplification , Southern blotting and ELISA detection .
Pest insect-resistant bioassay indicated that some of the homozygous cry1Ac-transgenic rice plants of T2 progeny showed high-level resistance against striped stem borer ( Chilo suppressalis ) at field trials . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A modified cry1Ac gene was generated by fusing with Lys-Asp-Glu-Lue ( KDEL ) , an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3-ends , with signal peptide coding sequence of Soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) at the 5-ends .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s Imply a Eubacterial Origin .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 32 ( 2 ) P : 100-104 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12098783 Accession (PMID): 12098783 | | Abstract: Three mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s genes from Oryza sativa , Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces serevisea were constructed .
In vitro transcripts of these mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s genes were able to be tryptophanylated by Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) , but could not be catalyzed by TrpRS from rat liver .
Kinetic assay showed that B subtilis TrpRS had half the binding capacity for mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s than for wild type tRNA ( Trp ) .
While in the catalytic efficiency , the k ( cat ) /K ( m ) value of mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s from Osativa and Sserevisea by Bsubtilis enzyme was reduced by 400-fold and 1 200-fold respectively as that of Bsubtilis tRNA ( Trp ) .
Experimental results suggested that mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s implied a eubacterial origin . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: In vitro transcripts of these mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s genes were able to be tryptophanylated by Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) , but could not be catalyzed by TrpRS from rat liver .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources for phytase production by Mitsuokella jalaludinii , a new rumen bacterial species .
| | Journal: Lett . Appl . Microbiol . Citation: V : 35 ( 2 ) P : 157-61 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12100593 Accession (PMID): 12100593 | | Abstract: AIMS : The effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on phytase production by Mitsuokella jalaludinii were evaluated and the optimization of rice bran ( RB ) and soybean milk ( SM ) concentrations in the medium for phytase production was also determined .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Replacement of glucose , cellobiose and starch in MF1 medium by RB or palm kernel cake and replacement of trypticase peptone and yeast extract in the medium by SM or enzymatic digested soybean milk significantly increased the phytase production by M jalaludinii .
The optimal concentrations of RB and SM in the medium for phytase production were 15% RB and 20% SM or 20% RB and 10% SM or 20% RB and 20% SM and the phytase activities in the media were 12 . 53 , 12 . 93 and 12 . 75 U g-1 culture broth , respectively .
CONCLUSIONS , SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY : The high production of phytase by M jalaludinii warrants further research to increase its yield by genetic manipulation for commercial application .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS AND RESULTS : Replacement of glucose , cellobiose and starch in MF1 medium by RB or palm kernel cake and replacement of trypticase peptone and yeast extract in the medium by SM or enzymatic digested soybean milk significantly increased the phytase production by M jalaludinii .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Nutritional studies with rice bran ] | | Journal: Citation: V : 25 ( 4 ) P : 401-17 Year: 1975 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1220617 Accession (PMID): 1220617 | | Abstract: The nutritional value and proximate chemical composition of five samples of rice bran taken from different varieties of rice grown in Venezuela was studied .
Thiamin , niacin , riboflavin and tryptophan , lysine , methionine and cystine were analyzed .
The apparent protein digestibility was between 59 an 74% , and the Protein Efficiency Ratio ( PER ) between 1 . 19 and 2 . 31 .
The supplementation with threonine increased the Protein Efficiency Ratio in 12% , but supplementation with tryptophan did not improve it neither alone nor combined with threonine .
Combinations with corn and soyflour that simulate formulas for infants showed that there is a protein supplementation in these mixtures .
Some combinations with corn , soy flour , and rice bran had the same PER as casein .
The rice bran is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals in these combinations .
The results showed that rice bran has potential value for human consumption . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thiamin , niacin , riboflavin and tryptophan , lysine , methionine and cystine were analyzed .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The supplementation with threonine increased the Protein Efficiency Ratio in 12% , but supplementation with tryptophan did not improve it neither alone nor combined with threonine .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Putative protein digestion in a sap-sucking homopteran plant pest ( rice brown plant hopper ; Nilaparvata lugens : Delphacidae ) --identification of trypsin-like and cathepsin B-like proteases .
| | Journal: Insect Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 32 ( 9 ) P : 967-78 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12213233 Accession (PMID): 12213233 | | Abstract: Sap-sucking phytophagous insect species of the order Hemiptera have been assumed not to carry out digestive proteolysis , but instead to rely on free amino acids in the phloem and xylem saps for their nutritional requirements .
Extracts prepared from isolated guts of rice brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ) , a homopteran crop pest , were shown to contain protease activity , with hydrolysis of both protein and synthetic peptide substrates being observed .
Assays with specific inhibitors suggested that a trypsin-like serine protease was responsible for most of hydrolytic activity against synthetic substrates .
A cDNA library was prepared from RNA extracted from N lugens gut it issue , and screened for protease-encoding sequences . cDNAs for a cathepsin B-like protease and a trypsin-like protease were isolated and fully characterised ; the latter exhibits a novel C-terminal region and an unusual activation mechanism , and represents a small gene family .
Soya bean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) is an effective inhibitor of protein hydrolysis by N lugens gut extracts in vitro , explaining why transgenic rice plants expressing this protein are partially resistant to the insect ( Mol . Breed . 5 ( 1999 ) 1 ) .
It is suggested that digestive proteolysis may be widespread in sap-sucking homoptera , and can make a significant contribution to nutrition .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assays with specific inhibitors suggested that a trypsin-like serine protease was responsible for most of hydrolytic activity against synthetic substrates .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A cDNA library was prepared from RNA extracted from N lugens gut it issue , and screened for protease-encoding sequences . cDNAs for a cathepsin B-like protease and a trypsin-like protease were isolated and fully characterised ; the latter exhibits a novel C-terminal region and an unusual activation mechanism , and represents a small gene family .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Soya bean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) is an effective inhibitor of protein hydrolysis by N lugens gut extracts in vitro , explaining why transgenic rice plants expressing this protein are partially resistant to the insect ( Mol . Breed . 5 ( 1999 ) 1 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Salt-tolerant ATPase activity in the plasma membrane of the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 43 ( 10 ) P : 1137-45 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12407193 Accession (PMID): 12407193 | | Abstract: Plasma membrane ( PM ) H ( + ) -ATPase and H ( + ) transport activity were detected in PM fractions prepared from Zostera marina ( a seagrass ) , Vallisneria gigantea ( a freshwater grass ) and Oryza sativa ( rice , a terrestrial plant ) .
The properties of Z marina PM H ( + ) -ATPase , specifically , the optimal pH for ATPase activity and the result of trypsin treatment , were similar to those of authentic PM H ( + ) -ATPases in higher plants .
In V gigantea and O sativa PM fractions , vanadate-sensitive ( P-type ) ATPase activities were inhibited by the addition of NaCl .
In contrast , activity in the Z marina PM fraction was not inhibited .
The nitrate-sensitive ( V-type ) and azide-sensitive ( F-type ) ATPase activities in the Z marina crude microsomal fraction and the cytoplasmic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity , however , were inhibited by NaCl , indicating that not all enzyme activities in Z marina are insensitive to salt .
Although the ratio of Na ( + ) to K ( + ) ( Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ) in seawater is about 30 , Na ( + ) /K ( + ) in the Z marina cells was about 1 . 0 .
The salt-tolerant ATPase activity in the plasma membrane must play an important role in maintaining a low Na ( + ) concentration in the seagrass cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The properties of Z marina PM H ( + ) -ATPase , specifically , the optimal pH for ATPase activity and the result of trypsin treatment , were similar to those of authentic PM H ( + ) -ATPases in higher plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of probiotic fermentation on antinutrients and in vitro protein and starch digestibilities of indigenously developed RWGT food mixture .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 16 ( 3 ) P : 173-81 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12418801 Accession (PMID): 12418801 | | Abstract: Indigenously developed RWGT food mixture which contained rice flour , whey , sprouted green gram paste and tomato pulp ( 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 w/w ) was autoclaved 1 . 5 kg/cm2 , 15 min , 121 degrees C ) , cooled and fermented with 2% liquid culture ( containing 10 ( 6 ) cells/ml broth ) .
Two types of fermentations were carried out ie single culture fermentation [ L casei , L plantarum ( 37 degrees C , 24 hr . ) ] and sequential culture fermentation [ S boulardii ( 25 degrees C , 24 hr . ) + L casei ( 37 degrees C , 24 hr . ) ] ; S boulardii [ ( 25 degrees C , 24 hr . ) + L plantarum ( 37 degrees C , 24 hr . ) ] .
All the fermentations drastically reduced the contents of phytic acid , polyphenols and trypsin inhibitor activity while significantly improving the in vitro digestibilities of starch and protein .
Sequential culture fermentations brought about higher changes as compared to single culture fermentations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: All the fermentations drastically reduced the contents of phytic acid , polyphenols and trypsin inhibitor activity while significantly improving the in vitro digestibilities of starch and protein .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Expression of alpha-expansin and expansin-like genes in deepwater rice .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 130 ( 3 ) P : 1396-405 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12428004 Accession (PMID): 12428004 | | Abstract: Previously , we have studied the expression and regulation of four alpha and 14 beta-expansin genes in deepwater rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
We now report on the structure , expression , and regulation of 22 additional alpha-expansin ( Os-EXP ) genes , four expansin-like ( Os-EXPL ) genes , and one expansin-related ( Os-EXPR ) gene , which have recently been identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases of rice .
Alpha-expansins are characterized by a series of conserved Cys residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ( HFD ) motif in the central region , and a series of tryptophan residues near the carboxyl terminus .
Of the 22 additional alpha-expansin genes , five are expressed in internodes and leaves , three in coleoptiles , and nine in roots , with high transcript levels in the growing regions of these organs .
Transcripts of five alpha-expansin genes were found in roots only .
Expression of five alpha-expansin genes was induced in the internode by treatment with gibberellin ( GA ) and by wounding .
The wound response resulted from excising stem sections or from piercing pinholes into the stem of intact plants .
EXPL proteins lack the HFD motif and have two additional Cys residues in their C and N-terminal regions .
The positions of conserved tryptophan residues at the C-terminal region are different from those of alpha and beta-expansins .
Expression of the Os-EXPL3 gene is correlated with elongation and slightly induced by applied GA .
However , the expression of the Os-EXPL1 and Os-EXPL2 genes showed limited correlation with cell elongation and was not induced by GA .
We found no expression of the Os-EXPR1 gene in the organs examined . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alpha-expansins are characterized by a series of conserved Cys residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ( HFD ) motif in the central region , and a series of tryptophan residues near the carboxyl terminus .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The positions of conserved tryptophan residues at the C-terminal region are different from those of alpha and beta-expansins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Melatonin : a hormone , a it issue factor , an autocoid , a paracoid , and an antioxidant vitamin .
| | Journal: J Pineal Res .
Citation: V : 34 ( 1 ) P : 75-8 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12485375 Accession (PMID): 12485375 | | Abstract: Melatonin , a derivative of an essential amino acid , tryptophan , was first identified in bovine pineal it issue and subsequently it has been portrayed exclusively as a hormone .
Recently accumulated evidence has challenged this concept .
Melatonin is present in the earliest life forms and is found in all organisms including bacteria , algae , fungi , plants , insects , and vertebrates including humans .
Several characteristics of melatonin distinguish it from a classic hormone such as its direct , non-receptor-mediated free radical scavenging activity .
As melatonin is also ingested in foodstuffs such as vegetables , fruits , rice , wheat and herbal medicines , from the nutritional point of view , melatonin can also be classified as a vitamin .
It seems likely that melatonin initially evolved as an antioxidant , becoming a vitamin in the food chain , and in multicellular organisms , where it is produced , it has acquired autocoid , paracoid and hormonal properties .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Melatonin , a derivative of an essential amino acid , tryptophan , was first identified in bovine pineal it issue and subsequently it has been portrayed exclusively as a hormone .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Melatonin , serotonin , and tryptamine in some egyptian food and medicinal plants .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 5 ( 3 ) P : 153-7 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12495587 Accession (PMID): 12495587 | | Abstract: The mammalian pineal hormone melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine ) , an aminoindole produced by the metabolism of serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine ) , has been shown to be a potent scavenger for the highly toxic hydroxyl radical Three substances that are very important in animal physiology ( eg , in brain metabolism ) are noradrenaline , histamine , and serotonin ; all three occur in plants .
Here we report that serotonin , tryptamine , and melatonin were found in some edible and medicinal plants in Egypt .
The results of this screening showed that the pulp of underripe and ripe yellow banana contains 5-hydroxytryptamine at concentrations of 31 . 4 and 18 . 5 ng/g , respectively .
Corn , rice , barley grains , and ginger showed the highest concentrations of melatonin , at 187 . 8 , 149 . 8 , 87 . 3 , 142 . 3 ng/100 g , respectively .
On the other hand , potato samples were free from all indolamines .
Pomegranate and strawberry showed a low level of indolamines ( 8-12 microg/g serotonin , 4-9 microg/g tryptamine , and 13-29 ng/100 g melatonin ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we report that serotonin , tryptamine , and melatonin were found in some edible and medicinal plants in Egypt .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pomegranate and strawberry showed a low level of indolamines ( 8-12 microg/g serotonin , 4-9 microg/g tryptamine , and 13-29 ng/100 g melatonin ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel plant protein undergoing light-induced phosphorylation and release from the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 100 ( 2 ) P : 757-62 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12524456 Accession (PMID): 12524456 | | Abstract: The characteristics of a phosphoprotein with a relative electrophoretic mobility of 12 kDa have been unknown during two decades of studies on redox-dependent protein phosphorylation in plant photosynthetic membranes .
Digestion of this protein from spinach thylakoid membranes with trypsin and subsequent tandem nanospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the peptides revealed a protein sequence that did not correspond to any previously known protein .
Sequencing of the corresponding cDNA uncovered a gene for a precursor protein with a transit peptide followed by a strongly basic mature protein with a molecular mass of 8 , 640 Da .
Genes encoding homologous proteins were found on chromosome 3 of Arabidopsis and rice as well as in ESTs from 20 different plant species , but not from any other organisms .
The protein can be released from the membrane with high salt and is also partially released in response to light-induced phosphorylation of thylakoids , in contrast to all other known thylakoid phosphoproteins , which are integral to the membrane .
On the basis of its properties , this plant-specific protein is named thylakoid soluble phosphoprotein of 9 kDa ( TSP9 ) .
Mass spectrometric analyses revealed the existence of non- , mono- , di- , and triphosphorylated forms of TSP9 and phosphorylation of three distinct threonine residues in the central part of the protein .
The phosphorylation and release of TSP9 from the photosynthetic membrane on illumination favor participation of this basic protein in cell signaling and regulation of plant gene expression in response to changing light conditions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Digestion of this protein from spinach thylakoid membranes with trypsin and subsequent tandem nanospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the peptides revealed a protein sequence that did not correspond to any previously known protein .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: [ Research of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathway of Klebsiella oxytoca SG-11 by HPLC and GC-MS ] | | Journal: Citation: V : 18 ( 4 ) P : 328-31 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12541509 Accession (PMID): 12541509 | | Abstract: The plant growth promoting bacteria are closely associated to plant .
The bacteria are used to adhering to plant rhizoplane , promoting plant growth by fixing nitrogen from atmosphere , secreting stimulating substances or producing antagonistic to plant pathogens .
It was indicated that the biological nitrogen fixation played an important role in plant growth promoting function .
In fact , it was verified recently by overall research that IAA does it .
Therefore research of IAA production and biosynthetic pathway of plant growth-promoting bacteria is much more important .
The various ways of IAA production indicated the strong or weak promoting function of bacterium to plants in general The purpose of this paper is to determine whether IAA exists in cultured medium of Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 and biosynthetic pathway of IAA , in order to opimize cultural conditions for IAA production .
Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 is a plant growth promoting bacterium , isolated from rice rhizoplane , which can fix nitrogen .
The supernatant of SG-11 cultured medium determined by HPLC showed that 47 . 4 mg/L of IAA existed in LB medium and 1 . 2 mg/L of IAA , in basal medium .
IAA in metabolite was identified by GC/MS as well .
The intermediate determination of tryptamine , indole-3-acetamide , tryptophol and indole-3-acetonitrile indirectly indicated that IAA was biosynthesized in a pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid .
Meanwhile , tryptophol in metabolite of SG-11 was verified by GC/MS .
The direct intermediates of indole-3-pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde in the pathway can not be determined , because both are unstable under normal condition .
As reversible conversion existed between indole-3 pyruvic aldehyde and tryptophol , the presence of tryptophol also proved the pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid in the synthesis of IAA by Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 .
The results laid basis for further research of plant growth-promoting function of the bacterium .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: The intermediate determination of tryptamine , indole-3-acetamide , tryptophol and indole-3-acetonitrile indirectly indicated that IAA was biosynthesized in a pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: As reversible conversion existed between indole-3 pyruvic aldehyde and tryptophol , the presence of tryptophol also proved the pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid in the synthesis of IAA by Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Meanwhile , tryptophol in metabolite of SG-11 was verified by GC/MS .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Purification and partial characterization of antagonistic proteins from Bacillus subtilis B034 ] | | Journal: Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao Citation: V : 39 ( 4 ) P : 339-43 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12555573 Accession (PMID): 12555573 | | Abstract: Bacillus subtilis B034 , an antagonistic bacteria isolated from the phyllosphere of rice , strongly inhibits the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae which causes the rice bacterial blight .
Crude extract was obtained by precipitation of the cell-free culture of B034 with 70% saturated ( NH4 ) 2SO4 .
The suspension of the precipitate strongly inhibits Xanthomonas oryzae pv . o-ryzae , and it is thermostable , resistant to trypsin , partial sensitive to proteinase K , pronase E and chloroform .
Its active pH range is wide , from 4 . 0 to more than 12 . 0 , relative more stable in high pH .
Two antagonistic peaks were obtained from the crude extract of B034 after Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B , DEAE-Sephacel and FPLC Superdex 75 HR 10/30 column chromatography .
One of these two peaks , named P2 , was showed only single band with 50 . 3 kD and pI6 . 25 in SDS-PAGE and PAGE-IEF , respectively .
The N-terminal partial sequence of protein P2 was analyzed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The suspension of the precipitate strongly inhibits Xanthomonas oryzae pv . o-ryzae , and it is thermostable , resistant to trypsin , partial sensitive to proteinase K , pronase E and chloroform .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor CMe from barley in indica and japonica rice , confers resistance to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae .
| | Journal: Transgenic Res .
Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 23-31 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12650522 Accession (PMID): 12650522 | | Abstract: Indica and japonica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the Itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe , under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity , and the maize ubiquitin promoter .
From 38 independent transgenic lines of indica ( breeding line IR58 ) and 15 of the japonica ( cv Senia ) selected , 22 and 11 , respectively , expressed the barley inhibitor at detectable levels .
The transgene was correctly translated as indicated by western blot analysis with a level of expression in R3 seeds up to 0 . 31% ( IR58 ) and 0 . 43% ( Senia ) of the total extracted protein .
The functional integrity of BTI-CMe was confirmed by trypsin activity assays in liquid media and by activity staining gels , performed with seed extracts .
The significant reduction of the survival rate of the rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae , Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) reared on homozygous transgenic indica and japonica rice seeds expressing the BTI-CMe , compared to non-transformed controls , and the decrease in the trypsin-like activity of insect crude midgut extracts , confirmed the utility of this proteinase inhibitor gene for the control of important storage pests . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Indica and japonica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the Itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe , under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity , and the maize ubiquitin promoter .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The functional integrity of BTI-CMe was confirmed by trypsin activity assays in liquid media and by activity staining gels , performed with seed extracts .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The significant reduction of the survival rate of the rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae , Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) reared on homozygous transgenic indica and japonica rice seeds expressing the BTI-CMe , compared to non-transformed controls , and the decrease in the trypsin-like activity of insect crude midgut extracts , confirmed the utility of this proteinase inhibitor gene for the control of important storage pests .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteomics approach to identify wound-response related proteins from rice leaf sheath .
| | Journal: Proteomics Citation: V : 3 ( 4 ) P : 527-35 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12687619 Accession (PMID): 12687619 | | Abstract: In order to avoid the complex conditions of the intact plant for simple analysis of proteins in wound-response stress , we used the detached rice leaf sheath which is a very active part of the rice seedling .
Proteins were extracted from rice leaf sheath at 0 , 12 , 24 , 48 h after cutting and separated by two-dimensional ( 2-D ) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Changes in differentially displayed proteins were found in leaf sheaths after cutting in the 0-48 h time course .
Ten proteins were up-regulated , while 19 proteins were down-regulated compared with those on the four 2-D gels .
Among them , 14 proteins were analyzed by N-terminal , or internal amino acid sequence .
The clear functions of nine proteins could be identified .
Six proteins did not yield amino acid sequence information due to their blocked N-termini .
Furthermore , 11 proteins were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry , and identified protein database matching .
It was shown that the down-regulated proteins were calreticulin ( nos .
5 , 6 ) , histone H1 ( no 15 ) and hemoglobin ( no 17 ) , putative peroxidase ( no 19 ) ; the up-regulated proteins were Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor ( no 23 ) , putative receptor-like protein kinase ( nos .
24 , 25 ) , calmodulin-related protein ( no 26 ) , small subunit of ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( no 27 ) , mannose-binding rice lectin ( nos .
28 , 29 ) .
Among all the above proteins , four ( nos .
23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ) have been confirmed to be wound-response proteins .
The others can not be excluded as also being related to wound-responses , such as the signal transduction-related proteins ( nos .
5 , 6 ) , photosynthesis-related protein ( no 27 ) , and stress-response proteins ( nos .
19 , 28 , 29 ) .
This is the first time protein changes in response to wounding in rice leaf sheath have been shown . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: 5 , 6 ) , histone H1 ( no 15 ) and hemoglobin ( no 17 ) , putative peroxidase ( no 19 ) ; the up-regulated proteins were Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor ( no 23 ) , putative receptor-like protein kinase ( nos .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Proteolytic gut activities in the rice water weevil , Lissorhoptrus brevirostris Suffrian ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) .
| | Journal: Arch .
Insect Biochem . Physiol . Citation: V : 53 ( 1 ) P : 19-29 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12701111 Accession (PMID): 12701111 | | Abstract: Digestive endoprotease activities of the rice water weevil , Lissorhoptrus brevirostris Suffrian ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) , were characterized based on the ability of gut extracts to hydrolyze specific synthetic substrates , optimal pH , and hydrolysis sensitivity to protease inhibitors .
Larvae of this species were found to use a complex proteolytic system that includes cathepsin D- , cathepsin B- , trypsin- , and chymotrypsin-like activities .
Trypsin-like activity was evenly distributed among the anterior , middle , and posterior portions of the gut , whereas cathepsin B and cathepsin D-like activities were mainly located in the anterior and middle sections , and the chymotrypsin-like activity was highest in the middle and posterior sections .
Gelatin-containing native-PAGE gels indicated the presence of several aspartyl , cysteine , and serine protease forms and confirmed the spatial organization of the proteolytic digestive process .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Larvae of this species were found to use a complex proteolytic system that includes cathepsin D- , cathepsin B- , trypsin- , and chymotrypsin-like activities .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trypsin-like activity was evenly distributed among the anterior , middle , and posterior portions of the gut , whereas cathepsin B and cathepsin D-like activities were mainly located in the anterior and middle sections , and the chymotrypsin-like activity was highest in the middle and posterior sections .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Assessing matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry as a means of rapid embryo protein identification in rice .
| | Journal: Electrophoresis Citation: V : 24 ( 7-8 ) P : 1319-29 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12707926 Accession (PMID): 12707926 | | Abstract: Rice embryo proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) .
A total of 105 spots were digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) .
Raw mass spectra were fully-automatically processed and searched with selected monoisotopic masses against SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL and NCBInr databases .
High quality mass spectra were obtained from 53 spots , of which 36 spots were identified including 29 not registered in databases .
Fifty percent of the rice embryo proteins resolved in 2-DE could not be identified , indicating more efficient sample preparation techniques need to be developed in the future .
At least four to five matching peptides were found to be essential for unambiguous identification of rice embryo proteins ; peptide matching of less than four lead to ambiguous results .
The suitability of peptide mass fingerprinting method as a means of rapid embryo protein identification in rice was discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 105 spots were digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The major peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity in thylakoid lumen of plant chloroplasts belongs to a novel cyclophilin TLP20 .
| | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 542 ( 1-3 ) P : 137-41 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12729913 Accession (PMID): 12729913 | | Abstract: Fractionation of proteins from the thylakoid lumen of spinach chloroplasts combined with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase ( PPIase ) measurements revealed a major isomerase activity that was ascribed to a novel enzyme TLP20 ( thylakoid lumen PPIase of 20 kDa ) .
TLP20 was inhibited by cyclosporin A and mass spectrometric sequencing of tryptic peptides confirmed its classification as a cyclophilin .
Genes encoding similar putative thylakoid cyclophilins with a unique insert of three amino acids NPV in their N-termini were found in chromosome 5 of both Arabidopsis and rice .
TLP20 is suggested to be the major PPIase and protein folding catalyst in the thylakoid lumen of plant chloroplasts .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: TLP20 was inhibited by cyclosporin A and mass spectrometric sequencing of tryptic peptides confirmed its classification as a cyclophilin .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Towards an analysis of the rice mitochondrial proteome .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 132 ( 1 ) P : 230-42 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12746528 Accession (PMID): 12746528 | | Abstract: Purified rice ( Oryza sativa ) mitochondrial proteins have been arrayed by isoelectric focusing/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( PAGE ) , by blue-native ( BN ) PAGE , and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ( LC ) separation ( LC-mass spectrometry [ MS ] ) .
From these protein arrays , we have identified a range of rice mitochondrial proteins , including hydrophilic/hydrophobic proteins ( grand average of hydropathicity = -1 . 27 to +0 . 84 ) , highly basic and acid proteins ( isoelectric point = 4 . 0-12 . 5 ) , and proteins over a large molecular mass range ( 6 . 7-252 kD ) , using proteomic approaches .
BN PAGE provided a detailed picture of electron transport chain protein complexes .
A total of 232 protein spots from isoelectric focusing/PAGE and BN PAGE separations were excised , trypsin digested , and analyzed by tandem MS ( MS/MS ) .
Using this dataset , 149 of the protein spots ( the products of 91 nonredundant genes ) were identified by searching translated rice open reading frames from genomic sequence and six-frame translated rice expressed sequence tags .
Sequence comparison allowed us to assign functions to a subset of 85 proteins , including many of the major function categories expected for this organelle .
A further six spots were matched to rice sequences for which no specific function has yet been determined .
Complete digestion of mitochondrial proteins with trypsin yielded a peptide mixture that was analyzed directly by reverse-phase LC via organic solvent elution from a C-18 column ( LC-MS ) .
These data yielded 170 MS/MS spectra that matched 72 sequence entries from open reading frame and expressed sequence tag databases .
Forty-five of these were obtained using LC-MS alone , whereas 28 proteins were identified by both LC-MS and gel-based separations .
In total , 136 nonredundant rice proteins were identified , including a new set of 23 proteins of unknown function located in plant mitochondria .
We also report the first direct identification , to our knowledge , of PPR ( pentatricopeptide repeat ) proteins in the plant mitochondrial proteome .
This dataset provides the first extensive picture , to our knowledge , of mitochondrial functions in a model monocot plant . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 232 protein spots from isoelectric focusing/PAGE and BN PAGE separations were excised , trypsin digested , and analyzed by tandem MS ( MS/MS ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Complete digestion of mitochondrial proteins with trypsin yielded a peptide mixture that was analyzed directly by reverse-phase LC via organic solvent elution from a C-18 column ( LC-MS ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Fate of selenate metabolized by Enterobacter taylorae isolated from rice straw .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 51 ( 12 ) P : 3609-13 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12769533 Accession (PMID): 12769533 | | Abstract: Rice straw has been successfully tested as an effective organic source and a carrier of selenate [ Se ( VI ) ] -reducing bacteria to remove Se ( VI ) from agricultural drainage water .
In this study , an Se ( VI ) -reducing bacterium identified as Enterobacter taylorae was isolated from rice straw and used to remove Se ( VI ) from a 0 . 5% tryptic soy broth ( TSB ) and high-salt ( 15 . 5 dS m ( - ) ( 1 ) ) synthetic agricultural drainage water containing Se ( VI ) in a range of 500-5000 microg/L Results showed that E taylorae reduced 81-94% of the added Se ( VI ) to elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] in the 0 . 5% TSB solution during a 5-day experiment .
In the high-salt drainage water , Se ( VI ) reduction was rapid during a 9-day experiment .
On the final day of the experiment , Se ( 0 ) [ 75% ] and Se ( -II ) [ 19% ] were the major forms of Se in the drainage water with small amounts of Se ( VI ) , Se ( IV ) , and volatile Se released .
The pathway of Se ( VI ) reduction in the drainage water followed the order Se ( VI ) --> selenite [ Se ( IV ) ] --> Se ( 0 ) --> selenide [ Se ( -II ) ] .
This study suggests that E taylorae may be used to remediate high-salt Se ( VI ) -contaminated agricultural drainage water . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , an Se ( VI ) -reducing bacterium identified as Enterobacter taylorae was isolated from rice straw and used to remove Se ( VI ) from a 0 . 5% tryptic soy broth ( TSB ) and high-salt ( 15 . 5 dS m ( - ) ( 1 ) ) synthetic agricultural drainage water containing Se ( VI ) in a range of 500-5000 microg/L Results showed that E taylorae reduced 81-94% of the added Se ( VI ) to elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] in the 0 . 5% TSB solution during a 5-day experiment .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Bioactive proteins and peptides from food sources .
Applications of bioprocesses used in isolation and recovery .
| | Journal: Curr . Pharm . Des . Citation: V : 9 ( 16 ) P : 1309-23 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12769739 Accession (PMID): 12769739 | | Abstract: There are many examples of biologically active food proteins , with physiological significance beyond the pure nutritional requirements that concern available nitrogen for normal growth and maintenance .
Moreover , there are many physiologically active peptides , derived by protease activity from various food protein sources ; however , relationships between structural properties and functional activities have not been completely elucidated .
Many bioactive peptides have in common structural properties that include a relatively short peptide residue length ( eg 2-9 amino acids ) , possessing hydrophobic amino acid residues in addition to proline , lysine or arginine groups .
Bioactive peptides are also resistant to the action of digestion peptidases .
Antihypertensive peptides , known as Angiotensin I converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors have been derived from milk , corn and fish protein sources .
Peptides with opioid activities are derived from wheat gluten or casein , following digestion with pepsin .
Exorphins , or opioid peptides derived from food proteins such as wheat and milk ( eg exogenous sources ) have similar structure to endogenous opioid peptides , with a tyrosine residue located at the amino terminal or bioactive site .
Immunomodulatory peptides derived from tryptic hydrolysates of rice and soybean proteins act to stimulate superoxide anions ( reactive oxygen species-ROS ) , which triggers non-specific immune defense systems .
Antioxidant properties that prevent peroxidation of essential fatty acids have also been shown for peptides derived from milk proteins .
The addition of a Leu or Pro residue to the N-terminus of a His-His , dipeptide will enhance antioxidant activity and facilitate further synergy with non-peptide antioxidants ( eg BHT ) .
We also show herein , that the tryptic digests of casein yielding caseinophosphopeptides exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity due to both metal ion sequestering and quenching of ROS .
The separation and purification of bioactive peptides which will involve development of automated and continuous systems is an important field for Food chemists .
Much effort has been given to develop selective column chromatography methods that can replace batch methods of salting out , or using solvent extraction to isolate and purify bioactive peptides .
Advances here will enable recovery of bioactive peptides with minimal destruction thus enabling utilization by returning these active peptides to functional food or specific nutraceutical applications .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Immunomodulatory peptides derived from tryptic hydrolysates of rice and soybean proteins act to stimulate superoxide anions ( reactive oxygen species-ROS ) , which triggers non-specific immune defense systems .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: We also show herein , that the tryptic digests of casein yielding caseinophosphopeptides exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity due to both metal ion sequestering and quenching of ROS .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Stability of recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin produced in rice in infant formula .
| | Journal: J Nutr . Biochem . Citation: V : 14 ( 7 ) P : 386-93 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12915219 Accession (PMID): 12915219 | | Abstract: Human milk contains several biologically active proteins that benefit the breast-fed infant .
In order to survive in the gastrointestinal tract , these proteins need to be protected against proteolysis .
Since human milk contains relatively high concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin ( AAT ) , we have expressed recombinant AAT in rice to explore the possibility of supplementing infant formula with this protein .
The stability of recombinant AAT was examined by biochemical and functional assays , such as SDS-PAGE , Western blotting , ELISA , elastase and trypsin inhibition , following exposure to heat , low pH , and in vitro digestion , conducted in both phosphate buffered saline and infant formula .
Native AAT is resistant to acidic environments down to pH 2 for 1 h and can withstand in vitro digestion modeled after conditions in the infant gut .
Recombinant AAT is nearly as resistant as the native form in buffer , and is equally resilient in formula .
Heat treatments ( 60 degrees C for 15 min , 72 degrees C for 20 sec , 85 degrees C for 3 min , and 137 degrees C for 20 sec ) revealed that recombinant AAT is not as stable as native AAT in buffer , particularly at higher temperatures .
While significantly less recombinant AAT is detected by ELISA after heating in formula , addition of bile extract can restore epitopes resulting in higher concentrations , suggesting protein aggregation that may not affect AAT activity .
This study shows that recombinant AAT may survive the conditions of the infant stomach and duodenum and affect protein digestion in the infant small intestine . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stability of recombinant AAT was examined by biochemical and functional assays , such as SDS-PAGE , Western blotting , ELISA , elastase and trypsin inhibition , following exposure to heat , low pH , and in vitro digestion , conducted in both phosphate buffered saline and infant formula .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel type of Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene family in rice .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 133 ( 2 ) P : 560-70 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12972663 Accession (PMID): 12972663 | | Abstract: Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( BBI ) genes encode serine protease inhibitors that have repetitive cysteine-rich domains with reactive sites for the trypsin or chymotrypsin family .
We have identified seven BBI genes from japonica rice ( Oryza sativa subsp . japonica var Teqing ) .
All of the genes identified were found in a single cluster on the southern end of the long arm of rice chromosome 1 .
Four of the seven BBI genes have two repetitive cysteine-rich domains , whereas one has a truncated domain with only one reactive site .
We have also identified three novel BBI genes , each of which possesses three repetitive domains instead of two .
In situ hybridization analyses indicated that the accumulation of rice BBI transcripts was differentially regulated in germinating embryos and also in the leaves , roots , and flower organs at later developmental stages .
Different members of the rice BBI gene family displayed different expression patterns during rice seed germination , and wounding induced the expression of rice BBI transcripts .
The three-domain BBIs had higher expression levels than the two-domain BBIs .
It was also found that the mRNA of rice BBI genes was present in abundant amounts in scutellar epithelium and aleurone layer cells .
RBBI3-1 , one of the three-domain RBBI , exhibited in vitro trypsin-inhibiting activity but no chymotrypsin-inhibiting activity .
Overexpression of RBBI2-3 in transgenic rice plants resulted in resistance to the fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae , indicating that proteinase inhibitors confer resistance against the fungal pathogen in vivo and that they might play a role in the defense system of the rice plant . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( BBI ) genes encode serine protease inhibitors that have repetitive cysteine-rich domains with reactive sites for the trypsin or chymotrypsin family .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: RBBI3-1 , one of the three-domain RBBI , exhibited in vitro trypsin-inhibiting activity but no chymotrypsin-inhibiting activity .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a major allergenic protein in rice seeds .
Homology of the deduced amino acid sequence with members of alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family .
| | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 302 ( 3 ) P : 213-6 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1376283 Accession (PMID): 1376283 | | Abstract: A cDNA clone of rice major allergenic protein ( RAP ) was isolated from a cDNA library of maturing rice seeds .
The cDNA had an open reading frame ( 486 nucleotides ) which coded a 162 amino acid residue polypeptide comprising a 27-residue signal peptide and a 135-residue mature protein of M ( r ) 14 , 764 .
The deduced amino acid sequence of RAP showed a considerable similarity to barley trypsin inhibitor [ 1983 , J Biol . Chem . 258 , 7998-8003 ] and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor [ 1981 , Phytochemistry 20 , 1781-1784 ] . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence of RAP showed a considerable similarity to barley trypsin inhibitor [ 1983 , J Biol . Chem . 258 , 7998-8003 ] and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor [ 1981 , Phytochemistry 20 , 1781-1784 ] .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 36 ( 2 ) P : 215-28 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14535886 Accession (PMID): 14535886 | | Abstract: Sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) -mutant rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea showed increased light-dependent tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) activities .
TDC and MAO activities were observed before the penetration of M grisea to rice cells and maintained high levels even after Sekiguchi lesion formation .
Light-dependent expression of TDC gene was observed in leaves inoculated with M grisea before Sekiguchi lesion formation .
Spore germination fluid ( SGF ) of M grisea also induced Sekiguchi lesion formation accompanied by increased enzymes activities and tryptamine accumulation .
Sekiguchi lesion was also induced by treatments with tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine , which are substrates for MAO , but was not induced by non-substrates such as indole-3-propionic acid , ( +/- ) -phenylethylamine and tryptophan under light .
Light-dependent induction of Sekiguchi lesion by tryptamine was significantly inhibited in the presence of MAO inhibitors , metalaxyl and semicarbazide , and H2O2-scavengers , ascorbic acid and catalase .
H2O2 in M grisea-infected leaves with and without Sekiguchi lesions was demonstrated directly in situ by strong 3 , 3-diaminobenzidine ( DAB ) staining .
On the other hand , H2O2 induced Sekiguchi lesions on leaves of cv .
Sekiguchi-asahi under light , but not in darkness .
This difference was associated with the decrease of catalase activity in infected leaves under light and the absence of decrease in darkness .
We hypothesize that the H2O2-induced breakdown of cellular organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria in mesophyll cells may cause high TDC and MAO activities and the development of Sekiguchi lesion , and that the sl gene products in wild-type rice may function as a suppressor of organelle breakdown caused by chemical or environmental stress . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Sekiguchi lesion was also induced by treatments with tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine , which are substrates for MAO , but was not induced by non-substrates such as indole-3-propionic acid , ( +/- ) -phenylethylamine and tryptophan under light .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) -mutant rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea showed increased light-dependent tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) activities .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Spore germination fluid ( SGF ) of M grisea also induced Sekiguchi lesion formation accompanied by increased enzymes activities and tryptamine accumulation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Light-dependent induction of Sekiguchi lesion by tryptamine was significantly inhibited in the presence of MAO inhibitors , metalaxyl and semicarbazide , and H2O2-scavengers , ascorbic acid and catalase .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Beauvericin cytotoxicity to the invertebrate cell line SF-9 .
| | Journal: J Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 44 ( 4 ) P : 515-20 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14617831 Accession (PMID): 14617831 | | Abstract: The cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin , initially known as a secondary metabolite produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and toxic to Artemia salina larvae , has been more recently recognized as an important mycotoxin synthesized by a number of Fusarium strains , which parasite maize , wheat and rice .
Therefore , this mycotoxin may enter the food chain , causing yet unknown effects to the health of both domestic animals and humans .
The cytotoxic effects of beauvericin on mammalian cells have been studied .
We investigated the cytotoxicity of this compound in an in vitro invertebrate model , viz . the insect cell line SF-9 ( immortalized pupal ovarian cells of the lepidopter Spodoptera frugiperda ) .
Cultures of SF-9 cells in the stationary phase were exposed to beauvericin at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 300 microM , for different periods of time ( from 30 to 120 h ) .
The effects on cell viability were assessed by the trypan blue exclusion method .
After 4 h of incubation no significant decrease in cell viability was recorded in SF-9 cell cultures exposed to low concentrations of beauvericin , ie 100 nM and 300 nM .
However , a slight decrease in viability ( 3 . 9% ) was seen already in cells exposed to the mycotoxin at the 1 microM concentration .
This effect became gradually more evident at higher concentrations ( approximately equal to 28% at 30 microM , approximately equal to 50% at 100 microM , approximately equal to 68% at 300 microM ) .
An even more pronounced reduction in cell viability was observed after a 24 h exposure .
Under these conditions , 1 microM beauvericin caused an approx .
10% decrease in the number of viable cells , which became more significant at higher concentrations approximately equal to 23% at 3 microM , approximately equal to 47% at 10 microM , approximately equal to 65% at 30 microM , approximately equal to 90% at 100 microM , approximately equal to 99% at 300 microM ) .
Therefore , the 50% cytotoxic concentrations ( CC50 ) at 4 h and 24 h could be estimated as 85 microM and 10 microM , respectively .
In time-course experiments , no effect of beauvericin ( 30 microM ) on cell viability could be seen after exposure for periods of time as long as 30 , 1 h and 2 h , respectively .
In contrast , when SF-9 cells were exposed to the mycotoxin for longer periods of time , from 8 h to 120 h , we recorded a strong cytotoxic effect already in the low micromolar concentration range .
Thus , the CC50 after both 72 h and 120 h exposure times was assessed as 2 . 5 microM .
Higher concentrations caused a virtually 100% cell death .
The data collected suggest that beauvericin exerts a substantial dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on invertebrate cells , comparable to the effects described in mammalian cells .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects on cell viability were assessed by the trypan blue exclusion method .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Retrospective study of preventive effect of maize on mortality from Parkinsons disease in Japan .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 12 ( 4 ) P : 447-50 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14672869 Accession (PMID): 14672869 | | Abstract: The findings of a negative association between past maize ( Zea mays ) production and current Parkinsons disease mortality by each prefecture in Japan tends to support the hypothesis that the nutritional condition that causes niacin deficiency might protect people from Parkinsons disease .
Specifically , the negative association between both the area planted for dried corn in 1960 , 1970 or 1977 and the area planted for sweet corn in 1960 and age-adjusted death rates for Parkinsons disease is ecological evidence supporting the hypothesis .
Extending the analysis to other cultivated crops , even stronger negative associations of age-adjusted death rates for Parkinsons disease and cultivation of rice and soybeans were found , but associations were not significant for a large variety of vegetables .
The findings for soybean and rice are attributed to the correspondence ( co-linearity ) of cultivation of these other two seed-crops with maize .
Hence , further testing of the theory of niacin deprivation and prevention of Parkinsons disease finds some circumstantial support in the cultivation patterns of a grain of poor niacin and tryptophan availability . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hence , further testing of the theory of niacin deprivation and prevention of Parkinsons disease finds some circumstantial support in the cultivation patterns of a grain of poor niacin and tryptophan availability .
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| Title: Molecular and biochemical analyses of OsRab7 , a rice Rab7 homolog .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 44 ( 12 ) P : 1341-9 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14701929 Accession (PMID): 14701929 | | Abstract: Rab7 is a small GTP-binding protein important in early to late endosome/lysosome vesicular transport in mammalian cells .
We have isolated a Rab7 cDNA clone , OsRab7 , from a cold-treated rice cDNA library by the subtraction screening method .
The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of about 23 kDa .
Its predicted amino acid sequence shows significantly high identity with the sequences of other Rab7 proteins .
His-tagged OsRab7 bound to radiolabeled GTPgammaS in a specific and stoichiometric manner .
Biochemical and structural properties of the Rab7 wild type ( WT ) protein were compared to those of Q67L and T22N mutants .
The detergent 3- ( [ 3-cholamidopropyl ] dimethylammonio ) -1-propane sulfonate ( CHAPS ) increased the guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis activities of Rab7WT .
The OsRab7Q67L mutant showed much lower GTPase activity compared to the WT protein untreated with CHAPS , and the T22N mutant showed no GTP binding activity at all .
The OsRab7Q67L mutant was constitutively active for guanine nucleotide binding while the T22N mutant ( dominant negative ) showed no guanine nucleotide binding activity .
When bound to GTP , the Rab7WT and the Q67L mutants were protected from tryptic proteolysis .
The cleavage pattern of the Rab7T22N mutant , however , was not affected by GTP addition .
Northern and Western blot analyses suggested that OsRab7 is distributed in various it issues of rice .
Furthermore , expression of a rice Rab7 gene was differentially regulated by various environmental stimuli such as cold , NaCl , dehydration , and ABA .
In addition , subcellular localization of OsRab7 was investigated in the Arabidopsis protoplasts by a double-labeling experiment using GFP-fused OsRab7 and FM4-64 .
GFP-OsRab7 is localized to the vacuolar membrane , suggesting that OsRab7 is implicated in a vesicular transport to the vacuole in plant cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: When bound to GTP , the Rab7WT and the Q67L mutants were protected from tryptic proteolysis .
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| Title: Lipoic acid-dependent oxidative catabolism of alpha-keto acids in mitochondria provides evidence for branched-chain amino acid catabolism in Arabidopsis .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 134 ( 2 ) P : 838-48 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14764908 Accession (PMID): 14764908 | | Abstract: Lipoic acid-dependent pathways of alpha-keto acid oxidation by mitochondria were investigated in pea ( Pisum sativum ) , rice ( Oryza sativa ) , and Arabidopsis .
Proteins containing covalently bound lipoic acid were identified on isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separations of mitochondrial proteins by the use of antibodies raised to this cofactor .
All these proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry .
Lipoic acid-containing acyltransferases from pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex were identified from all three species .
In addition , acyltransferases from the branched-chain dehydrogenase complex were identified in both Arabidopsis and rice mitochondria .
The substrate-dependent reduction of NAD ( + ) was analyzed by spectrophotometry using specific alpha-keto acids .
Pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent reactions were measured in all three species .
Activity of the branched-chain dehydrogenase complex was only measurable in Arabidopsis mitochondria using substrates that represented the alpha-keto acids derived by deamination of branched-chain amino acids ( Val [ valine ] , leucine , and isoleucine ) .
The rate of branched-chain amino acid and alpha-keto acid-dependent oxygen consumption by intact Arabidopsis mitochondria was highest with Val and the Val-derived alpha-keto acid , alpha-ketoisovaleric acid .
Sequencing of peptides derived from trypsination of Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteins revealed the presence of many of the enzymes required for the oxidation of all three branched-chain amino acids .
The potential role of branched-chain amino acid catabolism as an oxidative phosphorylation energy source or as a detoxification pathway during plant stress is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequencing of peptides derived from trypsination of Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteins revealed the presence of many of the enzymes required for the oxidation of all three branched-chain amino acids .
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| Title: Nutrient uptake of rice roots in response to infestation of Nilaparvata lugens ( Stl ) ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
| | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Citation: V : 96 ( 6 ) P : 1798-804 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14977118 Accession (PMID): 14977118 | | Abstract: This study investigated the uptake of three macronutrients , including nitrogen ( N ) , phosphorus ( P ) , and potassium ( K ) , by rice roots in response to different infestation levels of Nilaparvata lugens ( Stl ) ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
Hydroponics experiments were conducted on the rice variety Zhendao 2 ( moderately resistant to Tryporyza incertulas , Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) and the variety Xiushui 63 ( susceptible to N lugens ) .
In Zhendao 2 , N lugens infestation significantly influenced the uptake of P and K but not N , with P and K uptake decreasing as the duration of N lugens infestation increased .
In Xiushui 63 , N lugens infestation influenced N , P , and K uptake to a different degree , depending on the infestation level , in which infestation for 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 d at a density of 60 nymphs did not affect N uptake , but such infestation levels significantly influenced the uptake of P and K After the removal of N lugens from rice plants , the N uptake recovered from infestation faster than that for P and K in the variety Zhendao 2 , whereas the recovery rate of K uptake was faster than that for N and P in the variety Xiushui 63 .
The recovery rate of the nutrient uptake was negatively correlated to the density and duration of infestation .
The experimental results demonstrated that N , P , and K uptake of rice roots were largely not influenced by N lugens infestation when the pest density was controlled below 15 nymphs per hill .
This infestation level was in agreement with the proposed economic thresholds for control measures against the N lugens infestation on rice plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hydroponics experiments were conducted on the rice variety Zhendao 2 ( moderately resistant to Tryporyza incertulas , Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) and the variety Xiushui 63 ( susceptible to N lugens ) .
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