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| Title: Infection-related development in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Author: Hamer JE Talbot NJ .
| | Journal: Curr . Opin . Microbiol . Citation: V : 1 ( 6 ) P : 693-7 Year: 1998 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10066544 | | Abstract: Recent developments have been made in the identification of signal transduction pathways and gene products involved in the infection-related development of the rice blast fungus , Magnaporthe grisea .
It has been established that cAMP-dependent and MAP kinase-mediated signaling are both critical for appressorium morphogenesis and function .
These signaling pathways may act downstream of hydrophobin-mediated surface sensing by the growing germ tube .
Several genes have been identified that are required for invasive growth of M grisea including genes that allow adaptation of fungal metabolism to growth within plant it issues . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: It has been established that cAMP-dependent and MAP kinase-mediated signaling are both critical for appressorium morphogenesis and function .
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| Title: Large-scale sequencing of plant genomes .
| | Author: Rounsley S Lin X Ketchum KA .
| | Journal: Curr . Opin . Plant Biol .
Citation: V : 1 ( 2 ) P : 136-41 Year: 1998 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10066574 | | Abstract: The large number of ESTs generated for Arabidopsis and rice in recent years now act as an important complement to whole genome sequencing projects .
The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative has begun a coordinated effort to sequence the entire genome and , as a result , increasing numbers of large sequence entries can be found in the public databases .
In addition , the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis has been completely sequenced .
Genome sequencing studies and the public sequence databases have begun to influence the direction of diverse areas of research from physiology to evolution .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The large number of ESTs generated for Arabidopsis and rice in recent years now act as an important complement to whole genome sequencing projects .
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| Title: Organization of the 1 . 9-kb repeat unit RCE1 in the centromeric region of rice chromosomes .
| | Author: Nonomura KI Kurata N | | Journal: Mol . Gen . Genet . Citation: V : 261 ( 1 ) P : 1-10 Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10071204 | | Abstract: This paper presents the first report on the structure of a 14-kb centromere sequence in a cereal genome that includes 1 . 9-kb direct repeats .
The cereal centromeric sequence ( CCS1 ) conserved in some Gramineae species contains a 17-bp motif similar to the CENP-B box , which serves as the binding site for the centromere-specific protein CENP-B in human .
To isolate centromeric units from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) , we performed PCR using the CENP-B box-like sequences ( CBLS ) as primers .
A 264-bp clone was amplified by this method , and called RCS1516 .
It appeared to be a novel member of the CCS1 family , sharing about 60% identity with the CCS1 sequences of other cereals .
Then , a 14-kb genomic clone , lambda RCB11 , carrying the RCS1516 sequence was isolated and sequenced .
It was found to contain three copies of a 1 . 9-kb direct repeat , RCE1 , separated by 5 . 1 and 1 . 7-kb .
A 300-bp sequence at the 3 end of RCE1 is highly conserved in all three copies ( >90% ) and is almost identical to the RCS1516 sequence including the CBLS motif .
The copy number of RCE1 was estimated to range from 10 ( 2 ) to 10 ( 3 ) in the haploid genome of rice .
Cloned RCE1 units were used for fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH ) analysis , and signals were observed on almost every primary constriction of rice chromosomes .
Thus it was concluded that RCE1 is a significant component of the rice centromere .
The lambda RCB11 clone contained at least four A/T-rich regions , which are candidate for matrix attachment regions ( MARs ) , in the sequences between the RCE1 repeats .
Other elements that are homologous to the short centromeric repetitive sequences pSau3A9 and pRG5 , detected in both sorghum and rice , were also found in the clone . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The copy number of RCE1 was estimated to range from 10 ( 2 ) to 10 ( 3 ) in the haploid genome of rice .
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| Title: Needs assessment following hurricane Georges--Dominican Republic , 1998 .
| | Author: . | | Journal: MMWR Morb .
Mortal Wkly . Rep . Citation: V : 48 ( 5 ) P : 93-5 Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10072265 | | Abstract: Hurricane Georges struck the Carribean Islands in September 1998 , causing numerous deaths and extensive damage throughout the region .
The Dominican Republic was hardest hit , with approximately 300 deaths ; extensive infrastructure damage ; and severe agricultural losses , including staple crops of rice , plantain , and cassava .
Two months after the hurricane , the American Red Cross ( ARC ) was asked to provide food to an estimated 170 , 000 families affected by the storm throughout the country .
To assist in directing relief efforts , CDC performed a needs assessment to estimate the food and water availability , sanitation , and medical needs of the hurricane-affected population .
This report summarizes the results of that assessment , which indicate that , 2 months after the disaster , 40% of selected families had insufficient food > or =5 days per and 28% of families reported someone in need of medical attention .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two months after the hurricane , the American Red Cross ( ARC ) was asked to provide food to an estimated 170 , 000 families affected by the storm throughout the country .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To assist in directing relief efforts , CDC performed a needs assessment to estimate the food and water availability , sanitation , and medical needs of the hurricane-affected population .
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| Title: Use of urea-molasses-multinutrient block and urea-treated rice straw for improving dairy cattle productivity in Vietnam .
| | Author: Vu DD Cuong LX Dung CA Hai PH .
| | Journal: Prev . Vet . Med . Citation: V : 38 ( 2-3 ) P : 187-93 Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10081798 | | Abstract: After conducting a preliminary survey , a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of urea-molasses-multinutrient block ( UMMB ) and urea-treated rice straw ( UTRS ) as a feed supplement on the productivity of dairy cows .
Sixty Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows on 11 smallholder farms were divided equally into control , UMMB and UTRS supplementation groups .
Milk yield and feed intake were recorded daily .
Milk fat content , body weight and body condition score ( BSC ) of each cow were determined at two week intervals .
Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected once a week commencing one month after parturition .
Data were recorded for date of onset of ovarian activity , estrus , insemination , and conception rate .
Milk production increased by 10 . 3-11 . 9% and milk fat content increased by 3-5% , therefore , profit for farmers increased by US $0 . 55-0 . 73 per cow per day ( exchange rate US $1 = VN $11 , 000 ) .
The intervals from calving to onset of ovarian activity ( 91-94 days ) , to estrus ( 110-114 days ) , to conception ( 121-122 days ) and the calving interval ( 13 . 4-13 . 6 months ) in the trial groups were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( 112 , 135 , 152 days and 14 . 4 months , respectively . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Data were recorded for date of onset of ovarian activity , estrus , insemination , and conception rate .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The intervals from calving to onset of ovarian activity ( 91-94 days ) , to estrus ( 110-114 days ) , to conception ( 121-122 days ) and the calving interval ( 13 . 4-13 . 6 months ) in the trial groups were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( 112 , 135 , 152 days and 14 . 4 months , respectively .
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| Title: The utilization of dietary protein by Nigerian men .
| | Author: Nicol BM Phillips PG .
| | Journal: Br .
J Nutr .
Citation: V : 36 ( 3 ) P : 337-51 Year: 1976 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1009067 | | Abstract: 1 .
The excretion of urinary and faecal nitrogen by young Nigerian men of a low income group was found to vary significantly between subjects , but was not significantly different in the same subject , when they were given a mixed diet composed of rice , vegetables and fish on two separate occasions .
At the levels of energy and protein supplied by this diet the men gained or lost small amounts of weight , mean values indicating N equilibrium , the variation around the mean being high .
2 .
The correlation between the urinary and faecal N of these men was significantly negative at and below the level of N equilibrium , becoming positive 2-3 weeks after they had consumed the above diet supplemented by 400 g of lean beef per day , and had already established considerable rates of gain in body-weight and N retention .
The diets were made isoenergetic by adding the beef at the expense of cassava flour and red palm oil .
3 .
The physiological processes involved in the adaptation , by young Nigerian men of low income , to a highly efficient use of low-protein diets are discussed in relation to the biological value and true digestibility of those diets , and to the safe level of protein intake and protein-energy ratios proposed by FAO/WHO ( 1973 , 1975 ) .
4 .
It is concluded that the protein requirements of apparently healthy men can only be established in the context of their ecological , socio-economic and nutritional backgrounds .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The correlation between the urinary and faecal N of these men was significantly negative at and below the level of N equilibrium , becoming positive 2-3 weeks after they had consumed the above diet supplemented by 400 g of lean beef per day , and had already established considerable rates of gain in body-weight and N retention .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: It is concluded that the protein requirements of apparently healthy men can only be established in the context of their ecological , socio-economic and nutritional backgrounds .
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| Title: Diet and gastric cancer in Portugal--a multivariate model .
| | Author: Azevedo LF Salgueiro LF Claro R Teixeira-Pinto A Costa-Pereira A | | Journal: Eur .
J Cancer Prev .
Citation: V : 8 ( 1 ) P : 41-8 Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10091042 | | Abstract: Diet and gastric cancer mortality in Portugal was studied using a multivariate ecological model .
The factors investigated over 18 districts were the relationship between gastric cancer mortality ( 1994-96 ) , dietary habits , and socio-economic factors ( 1980-81 ) .
Mortality geographical pattern was established using age-standardized mortality rates , per capita dietary consumption of foodstuffs and nutrients was obtained from the National Alimentary Survey ( 1980-81 ) , and data on socio-economic factors from the 1981 National Census .
Pearson correlation coefficients and simple and multiple linear regression models were used .
The mortality geographical pattern resembled a north-south gradient , and dietary habits and socio-economic factors had great variability throughout the country .
The highest negative correlation coefficients between dietary consumption and gastric cancer mortality were obtained for vegetables , fruit , vitamin A and carotene consumption , and the highest positive coefficients were for rice , wine and carbohydrate consumption .
No significant correlations were obtained for socio-economic factors .
In multiple regression analysis , vegetable and rice consumption could account for 79% of the gastric cancer mortality variability for males , and vegetable and meat consumption could account for 69% of this variability for females .
Interestingly , meat consumption was found to be protective .
A mean increase of 100 g/person/day in vegetable consumption would imply a mean predicted decrease of 10 ( 95% CI 6-14 ) and 5 ( 95% CI 3-7 ) gastric cancer deaths per 100 , 000 persons/year , for males and females respectively , in simple regression analysis .
Such a decrease represents about one-third of the mean national gastric cancer mortality rate .
Therefore , an increase in vegetable consumption is strongly recommended . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mortality geographical pattern was established using age-standardized mortality rates , per capita dietary consumption of foodstuffs and nutrients was obtained from the National Alimentary Survey ( 1980-81 ) , and data on socio-economic factors from the 1981 National Census .
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| Title: Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against fumitremorgin B | | Author: Liu J Meng ZH .
| | Journal: Biomed . Environ . Sci . Citation: V : 11 ( 4 ) P : 336-44 Year: 1998 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10095931 | | Abstract: This paper reports the preparation and identification of two monoclonal antibodies against FTB , and the establishment of an indirect competitive ELISA methods for FTB determination in buckwheat , rice , and corn .
Two of the hybridoma cell lines ( 1C9 and 2D10 ) , which could produce specific antibodies against fumitremorgin B ( FTB ) , were selected and developed .
The affinity Kaff constants of the monoclonal antibodies with the coating antigen , FTBS-IgG , were found to be 6 x 10 ( 8 ) M-1 and 9 . 8 x 10 M-1 , respectively .
The isotypes of the monoclonal antibodies are of two isotypes , IgG1 and IgM , respectively .
The antibody titers were found around 1 x 10 ( 6 ) and 1 . 5 x 10 ( 6 ) .
The standard curves showed that as little as 5 pg of FTB in 50 mL could be detected , and the linear range of standard curve was from 10 pg to 1000 pg of standard FTB .
There were no cross-reaction for McAbs in the assay system with some mycotoxins tested .
The mean recovery rate from buckwheat spiked with 10-60 ng/g of FTB was 78-88 . 7% . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper reports the preparation and identification of two monoclonal antibodies against FTB , and the establishment of an indirect competitive ELISA methods for FTB determination in buckwheat , rice , and corn .
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| Title: Determination of the thermogenesis curves and studies of the thermodynamics and thermokinetics of seed germination .
| | Author: Zhou PJ Hu YC Wang CX Song ZH Wang TZ Qu SS Zhou HT Zhu YG .
| | Journal: J Biochem . Biophys . Methods Citation: V : 38 ( 3 ) P : 171-80 Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10100948 | | Abstract: The thermogenesis curves of the germination of different rice and tree seeds were determined and studied by using a newly constructed microcalorimeter .
The thermogenesis curves of the germination of the seeds demonstrate the existence of physiological triphasic patterns , which include imbibition , activation and growth stages in the germination process .
The thermodynamics and thermokinetics of the main growth phase of the growth stage in the germination process have been studied .
The growth heat effect ( deltaH ) , the growth rate constant ( k ) , the growth inhibitory factor ( s ) and deceleration rate constant ( beta ) have been determined and calculated , In addition , the experimental thermokinetic equations of the growth stage in the seed germination process have been established . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The growth heat effect ( deltaH ) , the growth rate constant ( k ) , the growth inhibitory factor ( s ) and deceleration rate constant ( beta ) have been determined and calculated , In addition , the experimental thermokinetic equations of the growth stage in the seed germination process have been established .
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| Title: Pharmacoeconomics of the therapy of diarrhoeal disease .
| | Author: Nathavitharana KA Booth IW .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 2 ( 4 ) P : 305-23 Year: 1992 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10150156 | | Abstract: We review the pathophysiology of intestinal water and electrolyte transport leading to diarrhoea , the currently available pharmacological strategies for its treatment , and the economic implications of such treatments .
Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 .
Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management .
The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established .
Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide .
More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT .
For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones .
Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited .
Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage .
Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous .
Despite the availability of a wide spectrum of pharmacological agents for diarrhoea reviewed in this article , only a few such agents are of proven clinical efficacy : corticosteroids , aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and opioid derivatives such as loperamide which may be useful in protracted diarrhoea in children and in disorders where rapid gastrointestinal transit is the main cause of diarrhoea .
Opioids are not recommended for acute infective diarrhoea in childhood .
Octreotide , a somatostatin analogue , is reported to be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea due to noninfective causes and in the treatment of intractable diarrhoea associated with AIDS .
Its high cost and need for parenteral administration prevent its wider application . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established .
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