| 417 matches found in 278 documents. Search time: 0.02 seconds. |
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| Title: Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete .
Conservative versus surgical treatment .
| | Author: Lynch SA Renstrm PA .
| | Journal: Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028133 | | Abstract: Acute lateral ankle ligament sprains are common in young athletes ( 15 to 35 years of age ) .
Diagnostic and treatment protocols vary .
Therapies range from cast immobilisation or acute surgical repair to functional rehabilitation .
The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments .
Injuries typically occur during plantar flexion and inversion ; the ATFL is most commonly torn .
The CFL and the PTFL can also be injured and , after severe inversion , subtalar joint ligaments are also affected .
Commonly , an athlete with a lateral ankle ligament sprain reports having rolled over the outside of their ankle .
The entire ankle and foot must be examined to ensure there are no other injuries .
Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function .
Radiographs may rule out treatable fractures in severe injuries or when pain or tenderness are not associated with lateral ligaments .
Stress radiographs do not affect treatment .
Ankle sprains are classified from grades I to III ( mild , moderate or severe ) .
Grade I and II injuries recover quickly with nonoperative management .
A non-operative functional treatment programme includes immediate use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression , elevation ) , a short period of immobilisation and protection with a tape or bandage , and early range of motion , weight-bearing and neuromuscular training exercises .
Proprioceptive training on a tilt board after 3 to 4 weeks helps improve balance and neuromuscular control of the ankle .
Treatment for grade III injuries is more controversial A comprehensive literature evaluation and meta-analysis showed that early functional treatment provided the fastest recovery of ankle mobility and earliest return to work and physical activity without affecting late mechanical stability .
Functional treatment was complication-free , whereas surgery had serious , though infrequent , complications .
Functional treatment produced no more sequelae than casting with or without surgical repair .
Secondary surgical repair , even years after an injury , has results comparable to those of primary repair , so even competitive athletes can receive initial conservative treatment .
Sequelae of lateral ligament injuries are common .
After conservative or surgical treatment , 10 to 30% of patients have chronic symptoms , including persistent synovitis or tendinitis , ankle stiffness , swelling , pain , muscle weakness and giving-way .
Well-designed physical therapy programmes usually reduce instability .
For individuals with chronic instability refractory to conservative measures , surgery may be needed .
Subtalar instability should be carefully evaluated when considering surgery .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Acute lateral ankle ligament sprains are common in young athletes ( 15 to 35 years of age ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Commonly , an athlete with a lateral ankle ligament sprain reports having rolled over the outside of their ankle .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ankle sprains are classified from grades I to III ( mild , moderate or severe ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Human semen quality in relation to dietary pesticide exposure and organic diet .
| | Author: Juhler RK Larsen SB Meyer O Jensen ND SpanEM Giwercman A Bonde JP .
| | Journal: Arch . Environ . Contam . Toxicol . Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10473800 | | Abstract: The objective of the study was to corroborate or refute the hypothesis that farmers having a high intake of organic grown commodities have a high semen quality due to their expected lower level of dietary pesticides intake .
Food frequency data and semen were collected from 256 farmers ( 171 traditional farmers and 85 organic farmers , overall participation rate : 32% ) who were selected from central registers .
Each farmer delivered one semen sample before the spraying season started .
The farmers were divided into three groups where the commodities from organic production contributed no ( N , 0% ) , medium ( M , 1-49% ) , or a high ( H , 50-100% ) proportion of the fruit and vegetables consumed .
Farmers having a high relative intake of organically grown fruit and vegetables also had a high relative consumption of organically produced meat , milk , and bread , and differences were observed comparing the actual mean intake of single commodities , such as rice , potato , and pork meat .
The current individual dietary intake of 40 pesticides was estimated using food frequencies and generalized serving size data in combination with data on pesticide concentrations in food commodities as obtained from the National Danish Food Monitoring Program .
The estimated pesticide intake was significantly lower among farmers of group H , but for all three groups of farmers the average dietary intake of 40 pesticides was at or below 1% of the acceptable daily intake ( ADI ) except for the dithiocarbamates ( max = 0 . 21 microg/kg day = 2 . 2% ADI ) , methidathion , ( max = 0 . 01 microg/kg day = 1 . 4% ADI ) , and 2-phenylphenol ( max = 0 . 21 microg/kg day = 1 . 1% ADI ) .
The median sperm concentration for the three groups of farmers was not significantly different ( p = 0 . 40 , median sperm concentration was N = 62 , M = 44 , and H = 75 million/ml ) .
The group of men without organic food intake had a significant lower proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa , but in relation to 14 other semen parameters no significant differences were found between the groups .
Intake of 40 individual pesticides was correlated with four semen parameters ( concentration , percentage dead spermatozoa , percentage normal sperm heads , and motility [ VCL ] ) .
Five significant correlations ( p value 0 . 01 ) were found among the 160 comparisons in relation to percentage dead spermatozoa : azinphos-methyl , carbaryl , chlorfenson , fenitrothion , and tetradifon .
For all of them a lower percentage of dead spermatozoa were found in the groups with a high dietary intake of the specific pesticide .
In contrast , for all pesticides evaluated only minor differences were found between the groups when considering spermatozoa concentration , morphology , and motility .
In conclusion , the estimated dietary intake of 40 pesticides did not entail a risk of impaired semen quality , but precautions should be taken when generalizing this negative result to populations with a higher dietary exposure level or an intake of other groups of pesticides .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Each farmer delivered one semen sample before the spraying season started .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Prediction of pesticide concentrations in the atmosphere using an atmospheric diffusion model ( linear source plume model ) .
| | Author: Watanabe T | | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10665448 | | Abstract: The foundational model to predict concentration of pesticides in the atmosphere outside of the sprayed area was developed using the results of measured concentration in the atmosphere , in reference to the atmospheric diffusion model utilized for the air pollution prediction model .
The atmospheric diffusion model assumes that the applied area was a topographically flat farmland , that wind direction and wind speeds were constant , and the pesticide was constantly discharged from the emission line sources .
Therefore the linear source plume model ( LSPLM ) was developed .
The concentration in the atmosphere was predicted by assigning the property of the pesticides and various conditions of measurements of the model , and compared with the measured them , then the adaptability of the model was examined .
As a result , the correlation between the measured value and the predicted value in paddy and forested areas was significant ( P < 0 . 01 ) although deviations in the order of tens were observed , the measured value and the predicted value were generally in agreement . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The foundational model to predict concentration of pesticides in the atmosphere outside of the sprayed area was developed using the results of measured concentration in the atmosphere , in reference to the atmospheric diffusion model utilized for the air pollution prediction model .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Opening of Rice Floret in Rapid Response to Methyl Jasmonate .
| | Author: Zeng X Zhou X Zhang W Murofushi N Kitahara T Kamuro Y | | Journal: Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10688703 | | Abstract: Effects of methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) on rice floret opening were investigated in seven cultivars or hybrid combinations covering various variety types .
Intact or excised panicles , judged to have florets just before anthesis , were soaked in 4 x 10 ( -5 ) - 4 x 10 ( -3 ) M MeJA solutions for 2 min at different temperatures .
The results indicated that MeJA significantly induced opening of rice florets within about 30 min , with the most rapid induction occurring just 6 min after treatment .
Numbers of induced opening florets are correlated with MeJA concentrations .
Higher concentrations of MeJA induced more florets . pH values had no influence on MeJA effect , but MeJA required less time and induced more florets at 34 degrees C than at 25 degrees C As far as we know , this is the first evidence that floret opening is induced by plant hormones .
CO ( 2 ) evolution from panicles was also increased by MeJA treatment .
Field experiments revealed that perfect flowering synchrony between the cytoplasmic male sterile ( CMS ) and restorer lines in hybrid seed production could be obtained by spraying MeJA solution on CMS line plants at the rate of 25 mg/m ( 2 ) .
As a result , many more hybrid seeds were harvested .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Field experiments revealed that perfect flowering synchrony between the cytoplasmic male sterile ( CMS ) and restorer lines in hybrid seed production could be obtained by spraying MeJA solution on CMS line plants at the rate of 25 mg/m ( 2 ) .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The stability of ascorbic acid microencapsulated in granules of rice starch and in gum arabic .
| | Author: Trindade MA Grosso CR .
| | Journal: Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10738692 | | Abstract: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials .
The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing .
For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate .
The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules .
The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns .
The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying .
The stability of the encapsulated materials was studied at room temperature ( RH 60-65% ) and at 45 degrees C ( RH 60-65% and 90 . 7% ) .
AA microencapsulated in gum arabic was shown to be as stable as free crystalline AA under environmental conditions , whereas that encapsulated in rice starch was less stable .
Increasing the amount of the binding agent gelatin increased the stability of the uncovered starch encapsulated AA .
Recovery with calcium pectate notably increased the stability of the starch encapsulated AA , as compared to the uncovered samples .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cholesterol supplementation attenuates the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice bran oil in rats .
| | Author: Koba K Liu JW Bobik E Sugano M Huang YS .
| | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10885791 | | Abstract: Rice bran oil ( RBO ) , when blended with safflower oil ( SFO ) at the ratio of 7 to 3 , has been shown to lower serum cholesterol in humans consuming cholesterol .
The mechanism as to how this oil blend exerts its effect is not yet clear .
This study examined the effect of cholesterol supplementation on the cholesterol-lowering ability of different RBO/SFO blends .
Male Sprague Dawley rats ( 4 wk old ) were fed purified diets containing 10% fat with or without the addition of 0 . 5% cholesterol for 3 wk .
The fat was either SFO or RBO alone , or the mixture of these two oils at the ratio of 7 : 3 ( 7S/3R ) , 5 : 5 ( 5S/5R ) , or 3 : 7 ( 3S/7R ) .
Without cholesterol supplementation , there were no significant differences in the serum and liver total cholesterol levels among different dietary fats .
However , the HDL cholesterol level of rats fed the RBO-containing diets ( especially in rats fed the 3S/7R diet ) was higher than that of rats fed the diet containing SFO alone .
This resulted in an increase in the ratio of HDL/total cholesterol-a desirable outcome .
Supplementation of the diets with 0 . 5% cholesterol significantly increased the cholesterol level in both the serum and the liver .
Increasing the proportion of RBO in the diet further raised the total cholesterol level in the serum whereas it reduced liver cholesterol .
Then , the specific effect of the 3S/7R mixture on the ratio of HDL/total cholesterol disappeared .
These findings suggest that cholesterol supplemented at the level of 0 . 5% in this study masked the cholesterol-lowering effect of RBO .
Smaller percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acid ( ie , 18 : 2n-6 ) in the RBO-containing diets than in the SFO diet might have reduced their ability to dispose the circulating serum cholesterol into the liver .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Male Sprague Dawley rats ( 4 wk old ) were fed purified diets containing 10% fat with or without the addition of 0 . 5% cholesterol for 3 wk .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Genetic studies of blast resistance of indica variety Zhefu 802 ] | | Author: Wang JL Lei CL Jiang WR Ling ZZ .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10887695 | | Abstract: One indica variety , Zhefu 802 , was studied for its inheritance of blast resistance by inoculation of two strains Ken54-04 and 95-t2 .
The B1F1 and F2 populations from cross of Zhefu 802 ( R ) x Lijiangxintuanheigu ( S ) and related parents were inoculated by spray inoculation method with the two above mentioned strains to determine R : S ratio of segregating populations of this cross .
The results indicated that Zhefu 802 has two dominant resistance genes to strain Ken 54-04 .
One of the two genes showed resistant reaction and the other is susceptible to strain 95-t2 .
The allelism test indicated that one gene in Zhefu 802 , which showed resistant reaction to strain 95-t2 , is allelic to Pi-i gene locus and non-allelic to loci of Pi-a , Pi-sh , Pi-k , Pi-z , Pi-ta , Pi-b , Pi-t .
The other gene in this variety was also estimated to be different from all of the known genes .
So it may be an unknown gene .
But this point needs to be confirmed further . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The B1F1 and F2 populations from cross of Zhefu 802 ( R ) x Lijiangxintuanheigu ( S ) and related parents were inoculated by spray inoculation method with the two above mentioned strains to determine R : S ratio of segregating populations of this cross .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cerebroside elicitors found in diverse phytopathogens activate defense responses in rice plants .
| | Author: Umemura K Ogawa N Yamauchi T Iwata M Shimura M Koga J | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10945336 | | Abstract: Cerebrosides A and C , compounds categorized as glycosphingolipids , were isolated in our previous study from the rice blast fungus ( Magnaporthe grisea ) as novel elicitors which induce the synthesis of rice phytoalexins .
In this paper , these cerebroside elicitors showed phytoalexin-inducing activity when applied to plants by spray treatment and also induced the expression of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) proteins in rice leaves .
This elicitor activity of the cerebrosides showed the structural specificity as that for the induction of phytoalexins .
Ceramides prepared from the cerebrosides by removal of glucose also showed the elicitor activity even in lower level compared to the cerebrosides .
In field experiments , the cerebroside elicitors effectively protected rice plants against the rice blast fungus , an economically devastating agent of disease of rice in Japan .
The cerebrosides elicitors protected rice plants from other disease as well and were found to occur in a wide range of different phytopathogens , indicating that cerebrosides function as general elicitors in a wide variety of rice-pathogen interactions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this paper , these cerebroside elicitors showed phytoalexin-inducing activity when applied to plants by spray treatment and also induced the expression of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) proteins in rice leaves .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Genetic diversity and disease control in rice .
| | Author: Zhu Y Chen H Fan J Wang Y Li Y Chen J Fan J Yang S Hu L Leung H Mew TW Teng PS Wang Z Mundt CC .
| | Journal: Nature Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10963595 | | Abstract: Crop heterogeneity is a possible solution to the vulnerability of monocultured crops to disease .
Both theory and observation indicate that genetic heterogeneity provides greater disease suppression when used over large areas , though experimental data are lacking .
Here we report a unique cooperation among farmers , researchers and extension personnel in Yunnan Province , China--genetically diversified rice crops were planted in all the rice fields in five townships in 1998 and ten townships in 1999 .
Control plots of monocultured crops allowed us to calculate the effect of diversity on the severity of rice blast , the major disease of rice .
Disease-susceptible rice varieties planted in mixtures with resistant varieties had 89% greater yield and blast was 94% less severe than when they were grown in monoculture .
The experiment was so successful that fungicidal sprays were no longer applied by the end of the two-year programme .
Our results support the view that intraspecific crop diversification provides an ecological approach to disease control that can be highly effective over a large area and contribute to the sustainability of crop production . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The experiment was so successful that fungicidal sprays were no longer applied by the end of the two-year programme .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin controls malaria in Pakistan : a community-randomized trial | | Author: Rowland M Mahmood P Iqbal J Carneiro I Chavasse D | | Journal: Trop . Med . Int . Health Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10964269 | | Abstract: We conducted a community-randomized controlled trial in Pakistan to determine the efficacy of indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin ( Fendona , Cyanamid , NJ , USA ) , applied at 25 mg/m2 , to prevent falciparum and vivax malaria .
Wettable powder ( WP ) and suspension concentrate ( SC ) formulations were tested against an unsprayed control in an irrigated rice-growing area of Sheikhupura district , Punjab province .
The study area of 180 km2 was divided into nine sectors , which were assigned at random to control , WP , or SC treatments in replicates of 3 .
Sentinel villages were selected from each sector for entomological and disease monitoring .
Malaria was monitored by fortnightly active case detection ( ACD ) and by cross sectional parasite surveys on schoolchildren .
Mosquito populations were monitored by space spraying of rooms and by cattle-landing catches .
The spray campaign took place in June 1997 and covered 96% of compounds .
During the 7 months after spraying , the incidence of falciparum malaria was 95% lower and that of vivax malaria 80% lower in WP-sprayed than unsprayed sectors .
Similar results were obtained for sectors sprayed with the SC formulation .
Cross-sectional surveys gave estimates of efficacy comparable to those obtained by ACD .
Anopheles culicifacies was 80% less abundant and Astephensi , the predominant anopheline , was up to 68% less abundant in sprayed areas over the 7-month period .
Reductions in anopheline parous rates indicated that the single-spray treatment was effective for the entire transmission season .
Sprayed surfaces lacked odour , which contributed to the popularity of the campaign .
Alphacypermethrin is a promising insecticide for the control of malaria in Pakistan and South Asia generally .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We conducted a community-randomized controlled trial in Pakistan to determine the efficacy of indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin ( Fendona , Cyanamid , NJ , USA ) , applied at 25 mg/m2 , to prevent falciparum and vivax malaria .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mosquito populations were monitored by space spraying of rooms and by cattle-landing catches .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The spray campaign took place in June 1997 and covered 96% of compounds .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: During the 7 months after spraying , the incidence of falciparum malaria was 95% lower and that of vivax malaria 80% lower in WP-sprayed than unsprayed sectors .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Similar results were obtained for sectors sprayed with the SC formulation .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anopheles culicifacies was 80% less abundant and Astephensi , the predominant anopheline , was up to 68% less abundant in sprayed areas over the 7-month period .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sprayed surfaces lacked odour , which contributed to the popularity of the campaign .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolates from rice with Fusarium sheath rot disease .
| | Author: Abbas HK Cartwright RD Xie W Mirocha CJ Richard JL Dvorak TJ Sciumbato GL Shier WT .
| | Journal: Mycopathologia Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10967968 | | Abstract: Twenty samples of unpolished ( rough ) rice collected in Arkansas and Texas during the 1995 harvesting season from fields exhibiting Fusarium sheath rot disease or panicle blight were previously shown to include 8 samples positive for fumonisin B1 ( FB1 ) in the range 2 . 2-5 . 2 ppm , and moniliformin ( MON ) , but no beauvericin ( BEA ) , deoxynivalenol , its derivatives or zearalenone were detected .
Fifteen cultures of F proliferatum were established from the 20 rough rice samples .
Single spore isolates of each culture were grown on rice and tested for the production of fumonisins ( FB1 , FB2 , FB3 , etc ) , MON and BEA .
All 15 isolates produced FB1 , FB2 , MON and BEA in culture on rice .
No deoxynivalenol , its derivatives or zearalenone were detected .
Seven cultures produced FB1 at > 50 ppm ( range 80-230 ppm ) , with the rest producing FB1 in the range 14-43 ppm .
FB2 was produced in the range 5-47 ppm , and those cultures which produced the most FB1 also produced the most FB2 .
Of the 15 cultures producing MON , 11 produced it at > 100 ppm in the range 188-6018 ppm , with the rest producing in the range 7-64 ppm .
BEA was produced in the range 109-1350 ppm .
Other derivatives of fumonisins , including FA1 , FA2 and partially hydrolyzed FB1 , as well as several unknown metabolites including a compound with MW 414 , were identified in culture extracts by continuous flow fast atom bombardment with ion spray mass spectrometry ( CF/FAB/MS ) .
Further study is needed to identify the factors that control production of FB1 , MON and BEA by F proliferatum in culture and in field samples . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Other derivatives of fumonisins , including FA1 , FA2 and partially hydrolyzed FB1 , as well as several unknown metabolites including a compound with MW 414 , were identified in culture extracts by continuous flow fast atom bombardment with ion spray mass spectrometry ( CF/FAB/MS ) .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Laboratory evaluation of chemical-biological control of the rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae L ) in stored grains .
| | Author: Dal Bello G Padin S Lpez Lastra C Fabrizio M | | Journal: Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11124371 | | Abstract: The virulence of ten different fungal isolates of : Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium anisopliae , Verticillium lecanii and Paecilomyces farinosus to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae was tested .
A fungal mix of the most efficient isolates , B bassiana ARSEF 5500+M anisopliae ARSEF 2974 , which caused the highest mortality , was assayed in combination with fenitrothion at a concentration lower ( 3 ppm ) than the normal 6 ppm .
Fungal inoculation of insects was done by spraying conidial suspensions of each fungus on wheat .
Insecticide formulations were added by spraying wheat .
Treated and untreated insects were incubated on durum wheat .
Insects were kept in a climatized chamber for 30 days .
Observations were performed at 7 , 14 and 30 days to record insect mortality .
Highly significant differences were demonstrated for B bassiana 5500 and 5501 and for M anisopliae 2974 .
The level of mortality produced by treatments was : 6 ppm insecticide=97 . 50% , B bassiana ARSEF 5500+M anisopliae ARSEF 2974+3 ppm insecticide=74 . 17% , B bassiana ARSEF 5500+Manisopliae ARSEF 2974=50% and 3 ppm insecticide=37 . 50% .
There was a statistically significant difference ( p<0 . 05 ) among treatments .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fungal inoculation of insects was done by spraying conidial suspensions of each fungus on wheat .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Insecticide formulations were added by spraying wheat .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Management of ankle sprains .
| | Author: Wolfe MW Uhl TL Mattacola CG McCluskey LC .
| | Journal: Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11195774 | | Abstract: Without adequate care , acute ankle trauma can result in chronic joint instability .
Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains .
In patients with grades I or II sprains , emphasis should be placed on accurate diagnosis , early use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression and elevation ) , maintenance of range of motion and use of an ankle support .
Sprains with complete ligament [ corrected ] tears ( grade III ) may require surgical intervention .
Although early motion and mobility are recommended , ligamentous strength does not return until months after an ankle sprain .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Use of a standardized protocol enhances the management of ankle sprains .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In patients with grades I or II sprains , emphasis should be placed on accurate diagnosis , early use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression and elevation ) , maintenance of range of motion and use of an ankle support .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sprains with complete ligament [ corrected ] tears ( grade III ) may require surgical intervention .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although early motion and mobility are recommended , ligamentous strength does not return until months after an ankle sprain .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Assessment of renal toxicity by analysis of regeneration of tubular epithelium in rats given low-dose cadmium chloride or cadmium-polluted rice for 22 months .
| | Author: Shibutani M Mitsumori K Niho N Satoh S Hiratsuka H Satoh M Sumiyoshi M Nishijima M Katsuki Y Suzuki J Nakagawa J Ando M | | Journal: Arch . Toxicol . Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11201662 | | Abstract: To determine whether low-dose oral administration of cadmium ( Cd ) induces renal toxicity , six groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing low amounts of CdCl2 or Cd-polluted rice at concentrations up to 40 ppm , and were killed after 12 , 18 , and 22 months ( experiment 1 ) .
In addition to the determination of cortical Cd levels and histopathological assessment of kidneys , labeling indices ( LIs ) for proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) in the renal cortical tubular epithelium of Cd-treated rats were determined as a measure of regenerative activity .
For comparison , the kidneys of rats given diets containing small to large amounts of CdCl2 up to 600 ppm for 4 months were similarly examined ( experiment 2 ) .
Animals in experiment 1 demonstrated spontaneous chronic nephropathy and fluctuation in the tubular PCNA LI , but these findings were not correlated with renal Cd levels at 22 months .
PCNA LI on the other hand , appeared to be linked to the severity of chronic nephropathy .
In experiment 2 , levels of CdCl2 of 200 ppm or more clearly induced degeneration and apoptosis of proximal tubules with high correlations between renal Cd levels , PCNA LI , and the severity of tubular degeneration .
The results demonstrated that , in contrast to high-dose Cd administration , treatment with 40 ppm or less for 22 months did not influence tubular regeneration as a component of nonspecific chronic nephropathy , suggesting that long-term oral administration of low levels of Cd does not injure renal tubules in female rats . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To determine whether low-dose oral administration of cadmium ( Cd ) induces renal toxicity , six groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing low amounts of CdCl2 or Cd-polluted rice at concentrations up to 40 ppm , and were killed after 12 , 18 , and 22 months ( experiment 1 ) .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Floral spray transformation can efficiently generate Arabidopsis transgenic plants .
| | Author: Chung MH Chen MK Pan SM .
| | Journal: Transgenic Res .
Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11206976 | | Abstract: In this study , floral spray and floral dip were used to replace the vacuum step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) gene into Arabidopsis .
The transgene was constructed by using a CaMV 35S promoter to drive a rice cytosolic CuZnSOD coding sequence in Arabidopsis .
The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium .
When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip .
More than 300 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation .
The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods .
The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , floral spray and floral dip were used to replace the vacuum step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) gene into Arabidopsis .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds , the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: More than 300 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: A randomized controlled trial of a passive accessory joint mobilization on acute ankle inversion sprains .
| | Author: Green T Refshauge K Crosbie J Adams R | | Journal: Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11276181 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : Passive joint mobilization is commonly used by physical therapists as an intervention for acute ankle inversion sprains .
A randomized controlled trial with blinded assessors was conducted to investigate the effect of a specific joint mobilization , the anteroposterior glide on the talus , on increasing pain-free dorsiflexion and 3 gait variables : stride speed ( gait speed ) , step length , and single support time .
SUBJECTS : Forty-one subjects with acute ankle inversion sprains ( <72 hours ) and no other injury to the lower limb entered the trial METHODS : Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups .
The control group received a protocol of rest , ice , compression , and elevation ( RICE ) .
The experimental group received the anteroposterior mobilization , using a force that avoided incurring any increase in pain , in addition to the RICE protocol .
Subjects in both groups were treated every second day for a maximum of 2 weeks or until the discharge criteria were met , and all subjects were given a home program of continued RICE application .
Outcomes were measured before and after each treatment .
RESULTS : The results showed that the experimental group required fewer treatment sessions than the control group to achieve full pain-free dorsiflexion .
The experimental group had greater improvement in range of movement before and after each of the first 3 treatment sessions .
The experimental group also had greater increases in stride speed during the first and third treatment sessions .
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Addition of a talocrural mobilization to the RICE protocol in the management of ankle inversion injuries necessitated fewer treatments to achieve pain-free dorsiflexion and to improve stride speed more than RICE alone .
Improvement in step length symmetry and single support time was similar in both groups .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : Passive joint mobilization is commonly used by physical therapists as an intervention for acute ankle inversion sprains .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: SUBJECTS : Forty-one subjects with acute ankle inversion sprains ( <72 hours ) and no other injury to the lower limb entered the trial METHODS : Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Flavor production from a non-stick oil by moulds .
| | Author: Fujikawa H Ibe A Wauke T Morozumi S Mori H | | Journal: Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11383159 | | Abstract: Natural flavor was accidentally produced from rice cake products in Japan .
A non-stick oil had been sprayed on the products during the production process .
It was found that a Penicillium corylophilum strain , a contaminant of the oil , produced the flavor from the oil .
The ingredients of the flavor were four volatile substances , 2-heptanone , 2-nonanone , 2-heptanol , and 2-nonanol .
Challenge tests with the mould strain in a rice cake system were performed under various conditions .
The volatile substances were produced in the largest amounts at 25 degrees C , followed by 20 or 30 degrees C then 10 degrees C 2-Heptanone was produced most remarkably at 25 degrees C , followed by 2-nonanone , 2-heptanol , and 2-nonanol .
The growth patterns of the mould were similar between 20-30 degrees C , and the growth at 10 degrees C was delayed .
The non-stick oil itself had neither flavor nor volatile substance .
The flavor was also produced from coconut oil , which was one of the materials of the non-stick oil .
No bacteria or yeasts tested produced any flavor from the non-stick oil , whereas most of the moulds tested produced flavor components . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A non-stick oil had been sprayed on the products during the production process .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Evaluation of immune parameters in propanil-exposed farm families .
| | Author: McClure GY Helm RM Stine K Burks AW Jones SM Gandy J | | Journal: Arch . Environ . Contam . Toxicol . Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11385596 | | Abstract: The rice herbicide propanil induces alterations in the mouse immune system , causing significant decreases in T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antibody responses .
This postemergent herbicide is used extensively in rice production in the Mississippi River delta region of the southern United States .
The aerial application and airborne drift of propanil may pose health concerns to exposed farm families living adjacent to sprayed rice fields .
To determine if aerial spraying of propanil increases risks of altered immune responses in families bordering rice fields , immune parameters were assessed during a 2-year study .
Families living within 100 yards of rice fields were compared in a case control study to farm families whose homes exceeded 1 mile from any rice field .
Blood was analyzed in adults ( n = 56 ) and children ( n = 52 ) at three time intervals : ( 1 ) preseason , prior to propanil application ; ( 2 ) 5-7 days after aerial application of propanil to rice fields ; and ( 3 ) postseason , following harvest Exposed adults and children were compared with controls for a number of immune parameters .
Total cell count and the percentage of various lymphocytes ( T cells , B cells , CD4+ helper cells , and CD8+ suppressor cells ) and natural killer ( NK ) cells , mitogen-induced cell proliferation , cytokine ( IL-2+ ) production , and NK cell function were assessed .
A comparison of immune function between exposed and nonexposed farm families showed no significant differences , possibly related to propanil exposure .
However , some immune test parameters changed as a function of season rather than propanil exposure .
The data indicate that individuals living next to rice fields are not at increased risk of altered immune function due to propanil exposure .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aerial application and airborne drift of propanil may pose health concerns to exposed farm families living adjacent to sprayed rice fields .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To determine if aerial spraying of propanil increases risks of altered immune responses in families bordering rice fields , immune parameters were assessed during a 2-year study .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Propanil ( 3 , 4-dichloropropionanilide ) particulate concentrations within and near the residences of families living adjacent to aerially sprayed rice fields .
| | Author: Richards SM McClure GY Lavy TL Mattice JD Keller RJ Gandy J | | Journal: Arch . Environ . Contam . Toxicol . Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11385597 | | Abstract: Propanil is widely used as a postemergence herbicide in rice .
Because it is typically applied aerially , there is a potential for propanil to drift into and around homes of those living adjacent to rice fields .
Propanil has been shown to be immunotoxic in rodent models .
The objective of this study was to measure the levels of propanil to which families living adjacent to aerially sprayed rice fields may be exposed .
Air levels were sampled by actively and passively collecting propanil in and around the homes of volunteer families living in close proximity to rice fields sprayed with propanil .
Homes ranged from 73 m to 113 m from treated rice fields .
Sampling was conducted in the home , adjacent to the home ( within 5 m of the home ) , 30 m from the home , and at the edge of the rice field .
Concentrations were determined via gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy .
Propanil levels adjacent to the homes ranged from nondetectable to 1 , 106 . 4 microg per 400 cm2 collection surface ( 2 . 0 microg detection limit ) .
Wind direction and wind velocity were the primary determinants of propanil drift .
At sites where the prevailing wind was blowing away from the home , no propanil was detected except at the edge of the field .
Distance from the edge of the rice field also influenced the amount of drift with higher levels measured at 30 m from the house than adjacent to the house .
No propanil vapor was detected on absorbent media sampled in and around the homes .
The results indicate that individuals living adjacent to rice fields aerially sprayed with propanil are potentially exposed to variable amounts of propanil , and wind speed and direction are the most important factors that influence the concentration of aerially applied pesticide . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objective of this study was to measure the levels of propanil to which families living adjacent to aerially sprayed rice fields may be exposed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Air levels were sampled by actively and passively collecting propanil in and around the homes of volunteer families living in close proximity to rice fields sprayed with propanil .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results indicate that individuals living adjacent to rice fields aerially sprayed with propanil are potentially exposed to variable amounts of propanil , and wind speed and direction are the most important factors that influence the concentration of aerially applied pesticide .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Selenium geochemistry of paddy soils in Yangtze River Delta .
| | Author: Cao ZH Wang XC Yao DH Zhang XL Wong MH .
| | Journal: Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11392748 | | Abstract: Selenium ( Se ) content both in total and bioavailable forms were very low ( 25-35 and 9 . 5 micrograms/kg , respectively ) in waterlogged paddy soils in the central Yangtze River Delta .
This was due to changes in geochemistry and the inherent properties of the parent materials of these lowland paddy soils .
The very low Se content ( 23 micrograms/kg ) in the parent material resulted in low total Se content in the soil .
The main chemical changes under long-term waterlogged conditions are depletion of molecular oxygen , decrease of redox potential , and reduction of Fe ( III ) to Fe ( II ) and SeO3 ( 2- ) to Se0 .
This led to low availability of Se in soils , and subsequently low Se content ( 29 micrograms/kg ) in brown rice grain produced in this region .
It has been suspected that low Se content in staple food might be one of the major reasons for a high infection rate of the intestine and stomach cancers and the higher death rate caused by these diseases in the region .
Foliage spray of Na2SeO3 at early heading stage of rice plant growth improved the Se content of brown rice grain , hull , and straw , and would improve human and animal health . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Foliage spray of Na2SeO3 at early heading stage of rice plant growth improved the Se content of brown rice grain , hull , and straw , and would improve human and animal health .
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