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| Title: Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete .
Conservative versus surgical treatment .
| | Citation: V : 27 ( 1 ) P : 61-71 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10028133 | | Abstract: Acute lateral ankle ligament sprains are common in young athletes ( 15 to 35 years of age ) .
Diagnostic and treatment protocols vary .
Therapies range from cast immobilisation or acute surgical repair to functional rehabilitation .
The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments .
Injuries typically occur during plantar flexion and inversion ; the ATFL is most commonly torn .
The CFL and the PTFL can also be injured and , after severe inversion , subtalar joint ligaments are also affected .
Commonly , an athlete with a lateral ankle ligament sprain reports having rolled over the outside of their ankle .
The entire ankle and foot must be examined to ensure there are no other injuries .
Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function .
Radiographs may rule out treatable fractures in severe injuries or when pain or tenderness are not associated with lateral ligaments .
Stress radiographs do not affect treatment .
Ankle sprains are classified from grades I to III ( mild , moderate or severe ) .
Grade I and II injuries recover quickly with nonoperative management .
A non-operative functional treatment programme includes immediate use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression , elevation ) , a short period of immobilisation and protection with a tape or bandage , and early range of motion , weight-bearing and neuromuscular training exercises .
Proprioceptive training on a tilt board after 3 to 4 weeks helps improve balance and neuromuscular control of the ankle .
Treatment for grade III injuries is more controversial A comprehensive literature evaluation and meta-analysis showed that early functional treatment provided the fastest recovery of ankle mobility and earliest return to work and physical activity without affecting late mechanical stability .
Functional treatment was complication-free , whereas surgery had serious , though infrequent , complications .
Functional treatment produced no more sequelae than casting with or without surgical repair .
Secondary surgical repair , even years after an injury , has results comparable to those of primary repair , so even competitive athletes can receive initial conservative treatment .
Sequelae of lateral ligament injuries are common .
After conservative or surgical treatment , 10 to 30% of patients have chronic symptoms , including persistent synovitis or tendinitis , ankle stiffness , swelling , pain , muscle weakness and giving-way .
Well-designed physical therapy programmes usually reduce instability .
For individuals with chronic instability refractory to conservative measures , surgery may be needed .
Subtalar instability should be carefully evaluated when considering surgery .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Acute lateral ankle ligament sprains are common in young athletes ( 15 to 35 years of age ) . Diagnostic and treatment protocols vary . Therapies range from cast immobilisation or acute surgical repair to functional rehabilitation . The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments . Injuries typically occur during plantar flexion and inversion ; the ATFL is most commonly torn .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Therapies range from cast immobilisation or acute surgical repair to functional rehabilitation . The lateral ligament complex includes 3 capsular ligaments : the anterior tibiofibular ( ATFL ) , calcaneofibular ( CFL ) and posterior talofibular ( PTFL ) ligaments . Injuries typically occur during plantar flexion and inversion ; the ATFL is most commonly torn . The CFL and the PTFL can also be injured and , after severe inversion , subtalar joint ligaments are also affected . Commonly , an athlete with a lateral ankle ligament sprain reports having rolled over the outside of their ankle . The entire ankle and foot must be examined to ensure there are no other injuries . Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function . Radiographs may rule out treatable fractures in severe injuries or when pain or tenderness are not associated with lateral ligaments . Stress radiographs do not affect treatment .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The entire ankle and foot must be examined to ensure there are no other injuries . Clinical stability tests for ligamentous disruption include the anterior drawer test of ATFL function and inversion tilt test of both ATFL and CFL function . Radiographs may rule out treatable fractures in severe injuries or when pain or tenderness are not associated with lateral ligaments . Stress radiographs do not affect treatment . Ankle sprains are classified from grades I to III ( mild , moderate or severe ) . Grade I and II injuries recover quickly with nonoperative management . A non-operative functional treatment programme includes immediate use of RICE ( rest , ice , compression , elevation ) , a short period of immobilisation and protection with a tape or bandage , and early range of motion , weight-bearing and neuromuscular training exercises . Proprioceptive training on a tilt board after 3 to 4 weeks helps improve balance and neuromuscular control of the ankle . Treatment for grade III injuries is more controversial A comprehensive literature evaluation and meta-analysis showed that early functional treatment provided the fastest recovery of ankle mobility and earliest return to work and physical activity without affecting late mechanical stability .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Human semen quality in relation to dietary pesticide exposure and organic diet .
| | Citation: V : 37 ( 3 ) P : 415-23 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10473800 | | Abstract: The objective of the study was to corroborate or refute the hypothesis that farmers having a high intake of organic grown commodities have a high semen quality due to their expected lower level of dietary pesticides intake .
Food frequency data and semen were collected from 256 farmers ( 171 traditional farmers and 85 organic farmers , overall participation rate : 32% ) who were selected from central registers .
Each farmer delivered one semen sample before the spraying season started .
The farmers were divided into three groups where the commodities from organic production contributed no ( N , 0% ) , medium ( M , 1-49% ) , or a high ( H , 50-100% ) proportion of the fruit and vegetables consumed .
Farmers having a high relative intake of organically grown fruit and vegetables also had a high relative consumption of organically produced meat , milk , and bread , and differences were observed comparing the actual mean intake of single commodities , such as rice , potato , and pork meat .
The current individual dietary intake of 40 pesticides was estimated using food frequencies and generalized serving size data in combination with data on pesticide concentrations in food commodities as obtained from the National Danish Food Monitoring Program .
The estimated pesticide intake was significantly lower among farmers of group H , but for all three groups of farmers the average dietary intake of 40 pesticides was at or below 1% of the acceptable daily intake ( ADI ) except for the dithiocarbamates ( max = 0 . 21 microg/kg day = 2 . 2% ADI ) , methidathion , ( max = 0 . 01 microg/kg day = 1 . 4% ADI ) , and 2-phenylphenol ( max = 0 . 21 microg/kg day = 1 . 1% ADI ) .
The median sperm concentration for the three groups of farmers was not significantly different ( p = 0 . 40 , median sperm concentration was N = 62 , M = 44 , and H = 75 million/ml ) .
The group of men without organic food intake had a significant lower proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa , but in relation to 14 other semen parameters no significant differences were found between the groups .
Intake of 40 individual pesticides was correlated with four semen parameters ( concentration , percentage dead spermatozoa , percentage normal sperm heads , and motility [ VCL ] ) .
Five significant correlations ( p value 0 . 01 ) were found among the 160 comparisons in relation to percentage dead spermatozoa : azinphos-methyl , carbaryl , chlorfenson , fenitrothion , and tetradifon .
For all of them a lower percentage of dead spermatozoa were found in the groups with a high dietary intake of the specific pesticide .
In contrast , for all pesticides evaluated only minor differences were found between the groups when considering spermatozoa concentration , morphology , and motility .
In conclusion , the estimated dietary intake of 40 pesticides did not entail a risk of impaired semen quality , but precautions should be taken when generalizing this negative result to populations with a higher dietary exposure level or an intake of other groups of pesticides .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objective of the study was to corroborate or refute the hypothesis that farmers having a high intake of organic grown commodities have a high semen quality due to their expected lower level of dietary pesticides intake . Food frequency data and semen were collected from 256 farmers ( 171 traditional farmers and 85 organic farmers , overall participation rate : 32% ) who were selected from central registers . Each farmer delivered one semen sample before the spraying season started . The farmers were divided into three groups where the commodities from organic production contributed no ( N , 0% ) , medium ( M , 1-49% ) , or a high ( H , 50-100% ) proportion of the fruit and vegetables consumed . Farmers having a high relative intake of organically grown fruit and vegetables also had a high relative consumption of organically produced meat , milk , and bread , and differences were observed comparing the actual mean intake of single commodities , such as rice , potato , and pork meat . The current individual dietary intake of 40 pesticides was estimated using food frequencies and generalized serving size data in combination with data on pesticide concentrations in food commodities as obtained from the National Danish Food Monitoring Program . The estimated pesticide intake was significantly lower among farmers of group H , but for all three groups of farmers the average dietary intake of 40 pesticides was at or below 1% of the acceptable daily intake ( ADI ) except for the dithiocarbamates ( max = 0 . 21 microg/kg day = 2 . 2% ADI ) , methidathion , ( max = 0 . 01 microg/kg day = 1 . 4% ADI ) , and 2-phenylphenol ( max = 0 . 21 microg/kg day = 1 . 1% ADI ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Prediction of pesticide concentrations in the atmosphere using an atmospheric diffusion model ( linear source plume model ) .
| | Citation: V : 40 ( 1 ) P : 79-90 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10665448 | | Abstract: The foundational model to predict concentration of pesticides in the atmosphere outside of the sprayed area was developed using the results of measured concentration in the atmosphere , in reference to the atmospheric diffusion model utilized for the air pollution prediction model .
The atmospheric diffusion model assumes that the applied area was a topographically flat farmland , that wind direction and wind speeds were constant , and the pesticide was constantly discharged from the emission line sources .
Therefore the linear source plume model ( LSPLM ) was developed .
The concentration in the atmosphere was predicted by assigning the property of the pesticides and various conditions of measurements of the model , and compared with the measured them , then the adaptability of the model was examined .
As a result , the correlation between the measured value and the predicted value in paddy and forested areas was significant ( P < 0 . 01 ) although deviations in the order of tens were observed , the measured value and the predicted value were generally in agreement . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The foundational model to predict concentration of pesticides in the atmosphere outside of the sprayed area was developed using the results of measured concentration in the atmosphere , in reference to the atmospheric diffusion model utilized for the air pollution prediction model . The atmospheric diffusion model assumes that the applied area was a topographically flat farmland , that wind direction and wind speeds were constant , and the pesticide was constantly discharged from the emission line sources . Therefore the linear source plume model ( LSPLM ) was developed . The concentration in the atmosphere was predicted by assigning the property of the pesticides and various conditions of measurements of the model , and compared with the measured them , then the adaptability of the model was examined . As a result , the correlation between the measured value and the predicted value in paddy and forested areas was significant ( P < 0 . 01 ) although deviations in the order of tens were observed , the measured value and the predicted value were generally in agreement .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Opening of Rice Floret in Rapid Response to Methyl Jasmonate .
| | Citation: V : 18 ( 4 ) P : 153-158 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10688703 | | Abstract: Effects of methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) on rice floret opening were investigated in seven cultivars or hybrid combinations covering various variety types .
Intact or excised panicles , judged to have florets just before anthesis , were soaked in 4 x 10 ( -5 ) - 4 x 10 ( -3 ) M MeJA solutions for 2 min at different temperatures .
The results indicated that MeJA significantly induced opening of rice florets within about 30 min , with the most rapid induction occurring just 6 min after treatment .
Numbers of induced opening florets are correlated with MeJA concentrations .
Higher concentrations of MeJA induced more florets . pH values had no influence on MeJA effect , but MeJA required less time and induced more florets at 34 degrees C than at 25 degrees C As far as we know , this is the first evidence that floret opening is induced by plant hormones .
CO ( 2 ) evolution from panicles was also increased by MeJA treatment .
Field experiments revealed that perfect flowering synchrony between the cytoplasmic male sterile ( CMS ) and restorer lines in hybrid seed production could be obtained by spraying MeJA solution on CMS line plants at the rate of 25 mg/m ( 2 ) .
As a result , many more hybrid seeds were harvested .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results indicated that MeJA significantly induced opening of rice florets within about 30 min , with the most rapid induction occurring just 6 min after treatment . Numbers of induced opening florets are correlated with MeJA concentrations . Higher concentrations of MeJA induced more florets . pH values had no influence on MeJA effect , but MeJA required less time and induced more florets at 34 degrees C than at 25 degrees C As far as we know , this is the first evidence that floret opening is induced by plant hormones . CO ( 2 ) evolution from panicles was also increased by MeJA treatment . Field experiments revealed that perfect flowering synchrony between the cytoplasmic male sterile ( CMS ) and restorer lines in hybrid seed production could be obtained by spraying MeJA solution on CMS line plants at the rate of 25 mg/m ( 2 ) . As a result , many more hybrid seeds were harvested .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The stability of ascorbic acid microencapsulated in granules of rice starch and in gum arabic .
| | Citation: V : 17 ( 2 ) P : 169-76 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10738692 | | Abstract: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials .
The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing .
For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate .
The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules .
The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns .
The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying .
The stability of the encapsulated materials was studied at room temperature ( RH 60-65% ) and at 45 degrees C ( RH 60-65% and 90 . 7% ) .
AA microencapsulated in gum arabic was shown to be as stable as free crystalline AA under environmental conditions , whereas that encapsulated in rice starch was less stable .
Increasing the amount of the binding agent gelatin increased the stability of the uncovered starch encapsulated AA .
Recovery with calcium pectate notably increased the stability of the starch encapsulated AA , as compared to the uncovered samples .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials . The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing . For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate . The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules . The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing . For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate . The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules . The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns . The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying . The stability of the encapsulated materials was studied at room temperature ( RH 60-65% ) and at 45 degrees C ( RH 60-65% and 90 . 7% ) . AA microencapsulated in gum arabic was shown to be as stable as free crystalline AA under environmental conditions , whereas that encapsulated in rice starch was less stable . Increasing the amount of the binding agent gelatin increased the stability of the uncovered starch encapsulated AA . Recovery with calcium pectate notably increased the stability of the starch encapsulated AA , as compared to the uncovered samples .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
