| 16143 matches found in 10766 documents. Search time: 0.243 seconds. |
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Li N Qu LJ Liu Y Li Q Gu H Chen Z | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10024476 Accession (PMID): 10024476 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A putative rice trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor of the Bowman-Birk family , RBBI-8 of about 20 kDa , was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein bearing an N-terminal ( His ) 6 purification tag . The expressed recombinant protein , rRBBI-8 , is insoluble and accumulates as inclusion bodies . The insoluble protein was solubilized in 8 M urea under reducing environment and then refolded into its active conformation under optimized redox conditions . Strategies used to optimize yield and efficiency include selecting the redox system , increasing protein concentration during refolding by adding the denatured protein in a stepwise way , utilizing additives to prevent aggregation , and selecting buffer-exchanging conditions . A Ni-chelate affinity column was then employed to purify the renatured protein . rRBBI-8 shows strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and it can slightly inhibit chymotrypsin . In this study , a refolding and purification system was set up for this cysteine-rich recombinant protein expressed in a prokaryotic system .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Coppi MV Compton LA Guidotti G | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10029544 Accession (PMID): 10029544 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Na , K-ATPase is specifically inhibited by the cardiac glycoside , ouabain . Via a largely undefined mechanism , the ouabain affinity of the Na , K-ATPase can be manipulated by mutating the residues at the borders of the first extracellular ( M1-M2 ) loop of the alpha subunit [ Price , E M , Rice , D A , and Lingrel , J B ( 1990 ) J Biol . Chem . 265 , 6638-6641 ] . To address this issue , we compared the effects of two combinations of charged residues at the M1-M2 loop border , R113 , D124 and D113 , R124 ( numbered according to the rat alpha1 subunit ) , on the ouabain sensitivity of the alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms . We report that ouabain sensitivity is dependent not only upon the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border but also upon the context into which they are introduced . Furthermore , at low concentrations of ATP , the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border affects the regulation of ATP hydrolysis by potassium in an isoform-specific manner . Analysis of chimeric alpha subunits reveals that the effects of potassium are determined primarily by the interaction of the N-terminus and M1-M2 loop with the C-terminal third of the alpha subunit . M1-M2 loop border residues may , therefore , influence ouabain sensitivity indirectly by altering the stability or structure of the intermediate of the Na , K-ATPase catalytic cycle which is competent to bind ouabain .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Via a largely undefined mechanism , the ouabain affinity of the Na , K-ATPase can be manipulated by mutating the residues at the borders of the first extracellular ( M1-M2 ) loop of the alpha subunit [ Price , E M , Rice , D A , and Lingrel , J B ( 1990 ) J Biol . Chem . 265 , 6638-6641 ] . To address this issue , we compared the effects of two combinations of charged residues at the M1-M2 loop border , R113 , D124 and D113 , R124 ( numbered according to the rat alpha1 subunit ) , on the ouabain sensitivity of the alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms . We report that ouabain sensitivity is dependent not only upon the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border but also upon the context into which they are introduced . Furthermore , at low concentrations of ATP , the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border affects the regulation of ATP hydrolysis by potassium in an isoform-specific manner . Analysis of chimeric alpha subunits reveals that the effects of potassium are determined primarily by the interaction of the N-terminus and M1-M2 loop with the C-terminal third of the alpha subunit . M1-M2 loop border residues may , therefore , influence ouabain sensitivity indirectly by altering the stability or structure of the intermediate of the Na , K-ATPase catalytic cycle which is competent to bind ouabain .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Wu Y Muench DG Kim YT Hwang YS Okita TW .
| | Year: 1998 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10050310 Accession (PMID): 10050310 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent evidence has shown that the prolamine polysomes are attached not only to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes that bound the prolamine protein bodies ( PBs ) but also to cytoskeleton elements associated with this subcellular fraction . To learn more about the nature of the proteins that are associated with this supra-macromolecular complex , proteins extracted from an enriched cytoskeleton-PB fraction were resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-equilibrium conditions and analyzed for their composition by immunological and biochemical methods . Immunoblot analysis indicated the presence of the cytoskeletal proteins , actin and tubulin , and the cytoskeletal-associated protein EF1 alpha in this fraction . Microsequencing of selected polypeptides revealed a diversity of protein sequences . In addition to contaminating storage proteins which are selectively solubilized by the isolation procedure , several ribosomal proteins and histone H3 were also identified . Some of the remaining polypeptides showed partial homology to protein sequences deposited in the database , several of which are cytoskeleton-associated proteins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Rounsley S Lin X Ketchum KA .
| | Year: 1998 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10066574 Accession (PMID): 10066574 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The large number of ESTs generated for Arabidopsis and rice in recent years now act as an important complement to whole genome sequencing projects . The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative has begun a coordinated effort to sequence the entire genome and , as a result , increasing numbers of large sequence entries can be found in the public databases . In addition , the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis has been completely sequenced . Genome sequencing studies and the public sequence databases have begun to influence the direction of diverse areas of research from physiology to evolution .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| | Author: Moriyama H Horiuchi H Koga R Fukuhara T | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10066741 Accession (PMID): 10066741 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The identity between entire nucleotide sequence of W-dsRNA and that of the dsRNA of temperate japonica rice ( J-dsRNA , 13 , 952 nt ) was 75 . 5% . A site-specific discontinuity ( nick ) was identified at nt 1 , 197 from the 5 end of the coding strand of W-dsRNA . This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A site-specific discontinuity ( nick ) was identified at nt 1 , 197 from the 5 end of the coding strand of W-dsRNA . This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Abe M Matsunaga M Iriki T Funaba M Honjo T Wada Y | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10068954 Accession (PMID): 10068954 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Holstein bull calves were used to examine the effect of dry feed on water balance and fecal moisture content during the suckling period . In Experiment 1 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and timothy hay decreased urine volume and increased apparent water retention , fecal water excretion , and fecal moisture content by 2 wk , although daily amounts of milk replacer also affected water balance when DMI from dry feed was low . In Experiment 2 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased reabsorption of water from renal tubules during wk 2 , resulting in reduced urine volume and increased plasma volume . In Experiment 3 ( n = 10 calves ) , supplementation of 500 g/d of milk replacer plus free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased plasma antidiuretic hormone by 2 wk compared with the concentration in calves receiving 200 g/d of milk replacer alone . Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies but not with glucose and urea .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Kronzucker HJ Siddiqi MY Glass AD Kirk GJ .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10069842 Accession (PMID): 10069842 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many reports have shown that plant growth and yield is superior on mixtures of NO3 and NH4+ compared with provision of either N source alone . Despite its clear practical importance , the nature of this N-source synergism at the cellular level is poorly understood . In the present study we have used the technique of compartmental analysis by efflux and the radiotracer 13N to measure cellular turnover kinetics , patterns of flux partitioning , and cytosolic pool sizes of both NO3 and NH4+ in seedling roots of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv IR72 ) , supplied simultaneously with the two N sources . We show that plasma membrane fluxes for NH4+ , cytosolic NH4+ accumulation , and NH4+ metabolism are enhanced by the presence of NO3- , whereas NO3 fluxes , accumulation , and metabolism are strongly repressed by NH4+ . However , net N acquisition and N translocation to the shoot with dual N-source provision are substantially larger than when NO3 or NH4+ is provided alone at identical N concentrations .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| | Author: Li ZK Luo LJ Mei HW Paterson AH Zhao XH Zhong DB Wang YP Yu XQ Zhu L Tabien R Stansel JW Ying CS .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10071210 Accession (PMID): 10071210 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers . We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers . We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: . | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10072265 Accession (PMID): 10072265 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hurricane Georges struck the Carribean Islands in September 1998 , causing numerous deaths and extensive damage throughout the region . The Dominican Republic was hardest hit , with approximately 300 deaths ; extensive infrastructure damage ; and severe agricultural losses , including staple crops of rice , plantain , and cassava . Two months after the hurricane , the American Red Cross ( ARC ) was asked to provide food to an estimated 170 , 000 families affected by the storm throughout the country . To assist in directing relief efforts , CDC performed a needs assessment to estimate the food and water availability , sanitation , and medical needs of the hurricane-affected population . This report summarizes the results of that assessment , which indicate that , 2 months after the disaster , 40% of selected families had insufficient food > or =5 days per and 28% of families reported someone in need of medical attention .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Urooj A Puttraj S | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10079465 Accession (PMID): 10079465 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Significant differences were observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the 10 foods ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes . DI was inversely related to the protein ( r = -0 . 79 , P < 0 . 01 ) , fat ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 05 ) and energy ( r = -0 . 61 , P < 0 . 01 ) . Percent starch digested was inversely related to the insoluble ( r = -0 . 49 , P < 0 . 05 ) and total dietary fiber ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 01 ) content of the foods . The SEM results provided a better understanding of granular morphology on cooking and the effect of protein on limiting DG . The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Postma-Haarsma AD Verwoert II Stronk OP Koster J Lamers GE Hoge JH Meijer AH .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080693 Accession (PMID): 10080693 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In situ hybridizations showed that during the early stages of embryo development , all three KNOX genes are expressed in the region where the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is organizing , suggesting that these genes are involved in regulating SAM formation . Whereas OSH1 was previously proposed to function also in SAM maintenance , Oskn3 may be involved in patterning organ positions , as its expression was found to mark the boundaries of different embryonic organs following SAM formation . The expression pattern of Oskn2 suggested an additional role in scutellum and epiblast development . Transgenic expression of Oskn2 and Oskn3 in tobacco further supported their involvement in cell fate determination , like previously reported for Knotted1 and OSH1 ectopic expression . Whereas Oskn3 transformants showed the most pronounced phenotypic effects during vegetative development , Oskn2 transformants showed relatively mild alterations in the vegetative phase but a more severely affected flower morphology . The observation that the KNOX genes produce similar though distinct phenotypic reponses in tobacco , indicates that their gene products act on overlapping but different sets of target genes , or that cell-type specific factors determine their precise action .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Chang M Wang B Chen X Wu R | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080713 Accession (PMID): 10080713 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the molecular mechanism of gibberellin-dependent gene regulation , the effect of three phosphatase inhibitors on the germination of rice seeds and the expression of a target gene , the alpha-amylase gene , Osamy-c , were measured . We found that okadaic acid , microcystin-LR , and calyculin A , which are known to specifically inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases 1 and 2A , strongly inhibit the expression of the Osamy-c and may be involved in the germination of rice seeds . The protein phosphatase enzyme activity assays showed that there is no obvious effect of GA3 on total PP1/PP2A activities . To further understand the possible role of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in the GA-dependent expression of Osamy-c , we isolated cDNA clones encoding protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A from a rice aleurone cDNA library . These were designated OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac , respectively .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the molecular mechanism of gibberellin-dependent gene regulation , the effect of three phosphatase inhibitors on the germination of rice seeds and the expression of a target gene , the alpha-amylase gene , Osamy-c , were measured . We found that okadaic acid , microcystin-LR , and calyculin A , which are known to specifically inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases 1 and 2A , strongly inhibit the expression of the Osamy-c and may be involved in the germination of rice seeds . The protein phosphatase enzyme activity assays showed that there is no obvious effect of GA3 on total PP1/PP2A activities . To further understand the possible role of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in the GA-dependent expression of Osamy-c , we isolated cDNA clones encoding protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A from a rice aleurone cDNA library . These were designated OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac , respectively . Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac with the catalytic subunits of PP1 or PP2A of rabbit skeletal muscle , Arabidopsis thaliana , maize and Brassica napus showed that the catalytic subunit sequences of PP1 or PP2A among these organisms are highly conserved ( 73% to 90% similarity ) . Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that there are only one or two copies of OsPP1c genes and more than two copies of OsPP2Ac genes in the rice genome .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Vu DD Cuong LX Dung CA Hai PH .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10081798 Accession (PMID): 10081798 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: After conducting a preliminary survey , a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of urea-molasses-multinutrient block ( UMMB ) and urea-treated rice straw ( UTRS ) as a feed supplement on the productivity of dairy cows . Sixty Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows on 11 smallholder farms were divided equally into control , UMMB and UTRS supplementation groups . Milk yield and feed intake were recorded daily . Milk fat content , body weight and body condition score ( BSC ) of each cow were determined at two week intervals . Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected once a week commencing one month after parturition .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Nicol BM Phillips PG .
| | Year: 1976 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1009067 Accession (PMID): 1009067 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: 2 . The correlation between the urinary and faecal N of these men was significantly negative at and below the level of N equilibrium , becoming positive 2-3 weeks after they had consumed the above diet supplemented by 400 g of lean beef per day , and had already established considerable rates of gain in body-weight and N retention . The diets were made isoenergetic by adding the beef at the expense of cassava flour and red palm oil . 3 . The physiological processes involved in the adaptation , by young Nigerian men of low income , to a highly efficient use of low-protein diets are discussed in relation to the biological value and true digestibility of those diets , and to the safe level of protein intake and protein-energy ratios proposed by FAO/WHO ( 1973 , 1975 ) . 4 . It is concluded that the protein requirements of apparently healthy men can only be established in the context of their ecological , socio-economic and nutritional backgrounds .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Poznanski J Sodano P Suh SW Lee JY Ptak M Vovelle F | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10092854 Accession (PMID): 10092854 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy was used to determine the three dimensional structure of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein ( ns-LTP ) , a 91 amino acid residue protein belonging to the broad family of plant ns-LTP . Sequence specific assignment was obtained for all but three HN backbone 1H resonances and for more than 95% of the 1H side-chain resonances using a combination of 1H 2D NOESY ; TOCSY and COSY experiments at 293 K The structure was calculated on the basis of four disulfide bridge restraints , 1259 distance constraints derived from 1H-1H Overhauser effects , 72 phi angle restraints and 32 hydrogen-bond restraints . The final solution structure involves four helices ( H1 : Cys3-Arg18 , H2 : Ala25-Ala37 , H3 : Thr41-Ala54 and H4 : Ala66-Cys73 ) followed by a long C-terminal tail ( T ) with no observable regular structure . N-capping residues ( Thr2 , Ser24 , Thr40 ) , whose side-chain oxygen atoms are involved in hydrogen bonds with i + 3 amide proton additionally stabilize the N termini of the first three helices . The fourth helix involving Pro residues display a mixture of alpha and 3 ( 10 ) conformation . The rms deviation of 14 final structures with respect to the average structure is 1 . 14 +/- 0 . 16 A for all heavy atoms ( C , N , O and S ) and 0 . 72 +/- 0 . 01 A for the backbone atoms .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Azhakanandam K Anthony P Lowe KC Davey MR Power JB .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10092937 Accession (PMID): 10092937 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Supplementation of semi-solid R2 culture medium with a commercial bovine haemoglobin ( Hb ) solution ( Erythrogen ) at 1 : 50-1 : 500 ( v : v ) , had beneficial effects on the growth , following cryopreservation , of cells of the Indica rice , Oryza sativa cv . Pusa Basmati 1 . The mean absorbance , as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction , of rice cells at 8 d post-thawing , was increased by up to 60% ( P < 0 . 05 ) , compared to cells recovered in the absence of Hb . Erythrogen ( 1 : 50-1 : 500 v : v ) promoted an increase in biomass , of up to 25% over control ( P < 0 . 05 ) , at 24 d post-thawing . Cell suspensions , re-established by transfer to liquid medium of cells initially thawed and cultured with Erythrogen for 24 d , exhibited increased ( up to 2-fold ) growth rates over a subsequent 20-d period , compared to cells recovered without Hb .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Morino K Olsen OA Shimamoto K | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10097385 Accession (PMID): 10097385 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In rice , silencing of the aleurone-specific Ltp2-gus transgene , causing easily detectable staining patterns on the grain surface , offers a convenient tool to study quantitative aspects of gene silencing in monocots . In this paper we analyzed phenotypes , occurrence , inheritance and environmental effects on the silencing . We also report on the cloning of transgenes , determination of their structure and analysis of transcripts from the transgene loci . The results show that various patterns of silencing appeared in the R2 generation at which most of the transgenes became homozygous and that they were inherited for five generations . In addition , silencing independently occurred in three generations and reversion to full expression was also found . Cloning of transgenes from a silenced L3 . 3 line demonstrated that this line carried two transgene loci : one carried an intact Ltp2-gus gene and the other carried a rearranged transgene in which part of the gus gene was in the antisense orientation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Zhou PJ Hu YC Wang CX Song ZH Wang TZ Qu SS Zhou HT Zhu YG .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10100948 Accession (PMID): 10100948 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The thermogenesis curves of the germination of different rice and tree seeds were determined and studied by using a newly constructed microcalorimeter . The thermogenesis curves of the germination of the seeds demonstrate the existence of physiological triphasic patterns , which include imbibition , activation and growth stages in the germination process . The thermodynamics and thermokinetics of the main growth phase of the growth stage in the germination process have been studied . The growth heat effect ( deltaH ) , the growth rate constant ( k ) , the growth inhibitory factor ( s ) and deceleration rate constant ( beta ) have been determined and calculated , In addition , the experimental thermokinetic equations of the growth stage in the seed germination process have been established .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Dean H | | Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10124211 Accession (PMID): 10124211 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Under the leadership of internist Howard Dean , the nations only physician-governor , Vermont is adopting a comprehensive health-care plan that will revolutionize the way the states doctors practice medicine . As Vermont goes , so may the nation , for Dean is one of the key advisers to the Clinton administration on health-care reform . But if the Vermont plan serves as a model for the rest of the country , many doctors may find it a better pill to swallow . Among other things , it could mean that nearly all the states physicians will , in effect , participate in a state-run HMO and be subject to global fees and budgets that will also cover hospitals ( see opposite page ) . While the plans specific provisions are still being debated , Deans views have spread to other states and to the Clinton administration through his role as co-chairman of the National Governors Association task force on health care . In a recent interview with Senior Associate Editor Berkeley Rice in the governors office in Montpelier , Dean discussed Vermonts new health plan , its importance as a model for other states , and his unique perspective as physician-governor .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| | Author: Nathavitharana KA Booth IW .
| | Year: 1992 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10150156 Accession (PMID): 10150156 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We review the pathophysiology of intestinal water and electrolyte transport leading to diarrhoea , the currently available pharmacological strategies for its treatment , and the economic implications of such treatments . Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 . Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management . The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established . Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide . More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT . For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones . Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 . Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management . The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established . Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide . More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT . For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones . Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited . Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage . Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones . Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited . Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage . Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous . Despite the availability of a wide spectrum of pharmacological agents for diarrhoea reviewed in this article , only a few such agents are of proven clinical efficacy : corticosteroids , aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and opioid derivatives such as loperamide which may be useful in protracted diarrhoea in children and in disorders where rapid gastrointestinal transit is the main cause of diarrhoea . Opioids are not recommended for acute infective diarrhoea in childhood . Octreotide , a somatostatin analogue , is reported to be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea due to noninfective causes and in the treatment of intractable diarrhoea associated with AIDS . Its high cost and need for parenteral administration prevent its wider application . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Chowdhury AM Karim F Sarkar SK Cash RA Bhuiya A | | Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10166103 Accession (PMID): 10166103 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In 1993 we assessed knowledge of ORT preparation , its local availability and its use for the management of diarrhoea . Over 9000 households in 90 villages were revisited ; 306 government outreach health workers , 296 drug sellers , and 237 village doctors were interviewed ; 152 government facilities and 495 pharmacies/shops were visited . ORT prepared by mothers in a sub-sample of the households was analyzed for chloride content and interviewers collected information on use of ORT for diarrhoeal episodes occurring in the preceding two weeks . The data quality was assessed through a resurvey of sample respondents within two weeks of the first interview . Over 70% of the mothers could prepare a chemically safe and effective ORS . A significant proportion of these mothers were very young at the time of the mass campaigns using house to house teaching , implying an intergenerational transfer of the knowledge on ORT . ORT was found to be used in 60% of all diarrhoeal episodes , but the rate varied with the type of diarrhoea , being highest for daeria ( severe watery diarrhoea ) and lowest for amasha ( dysentery ) . Drug sellers and village doctors now recommend ORT much more frequently than before . Members of the medical profession ( qualified and unqualified ) still lag behind in prescribing the use of ORT .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Miyagawa K Sumida M Nakao M Harada M Yamamoto H Kusumi T Yoshizawa K Amachi T Nakayama T | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10194859 Accession (PMID): 10194859 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: It has been shown that urea in fermented beverages and foods can serve as a precursor of ethylcarbamate , a potential carcinogen , and acid urease is an effective agent for removing urea in such products . We describe herein the purification and characterization of a novel acid urease from Arthrobacter mobilis SAM 0752 and show its unique application for the removal of urea from fermented beverages using the Japanese rice wine , sake , as an example . The purified acid urease showed an optimum pH for activity at pH 4 . 2 . The enzyme exhibited an apparent K ( m ) for urea of 3 . 0 mM and a Vmax of 2370 mumol of urea per mg and min at 37 degrees C and pH 4 . 2 . Gel permeation chromatographic and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic analyses showed that the enzyme has an apparent native molecular weight ( M ( r ) ) of 290 , 000 and consisted of three types of subunit proteins ( M ( r ) , 67 , 000 , 16 , 600 , 14 , 100 ) denoted by alpha , beta , and gamma .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| | Author: Heitmann BL Harris JR Lissner L Pedersen NL .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10197559 Accession (PMID): 10197559 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: Body mass index was measured in 1973 and again in 1984 . RESULTS : There was some evidence that genetic effects influenced the frequency of intake of some foods . Similarity among monozygotic twins exceeded that among dizygotic twins for intake of flour and grain products and fruit in men and women , intake of milk in men , and intake of vegetables and rice in women , suggesting that genes influence preferences for these foods . Analyses conducted for twins reared together and apart also suggested greater monozygotic than dizygotic correlations , but cross-twin , cross-trait correlations were all insignificant , suggesting that the genes that affect consumption frequencies are not responsible for mediating the relation between the frequency of intake and weight change . CONCLUSIONS : Genetic effects and the frequency of intake are independently related to change in body mass index However , there was no suggestion of differential genetic effects on weight gain that were dependent on the consumption frequency of the foods studied .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors . Additionally , synergistic effects of genes and environments may be important in the development of obesity . OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to test for genetic effects on food consumption frequency , food preferences , and their interaction with subsequent weight gain . DESIGN : Complete data on the frequencies of consumption of 11 foods typical of the Swedish diet were available for 98 monozygotic and 176 dizygotic twin pairs aged 25-59 y who are part of the Swedish Twin Registry . The data were collected in 1973 as part of a questionnaire study . Body mass index was measured in 1973 and again in 1984 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors . Additionally , synergistic effects of genes and environments may be important in the development of obesity . OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to test for genetic effects on food consumption frequency , food preferences , and their interaction with subsequent weight gain . DESIGN : Complete data on the frequencies of consumption of 11 foods typical of the Swedish diet were available for 98 monozygotic and 176 dizygotic twin pairs aged 25-59 y who are part of the Swedish Twin Registry . The data were collected in 1973 as part of a questionnaire study . Body mass index was measured in 1973 and again in 1984 . RESULTS : There was some evidence that genetic effects influenced the frequency of intake of some foods .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to test for genetic effects on food consumption frequency , food preferences , and their interaction with subsequent weight gain . DESIGN : Complete data on the frequencies of consumption of 11 foods typical of the Swedish diet were available for 98 monozygotic and 176 dizygotic twin pairs aged 25-59 y who are part of the Swedish Twin Registry . The data were collected in 1973 as part of a questionnaire study . Body mass index was measured in 1973 and again in 1984 . RESULTS : There was some evidence that genetic effects influenced the frequency of intake of some foods . Similarity among monozygotic twins exceeded that among dizygotic twins for intake of flour and grain products and fruit in men and women , intake of milk in men , and intake of vegetables and rice in women , suggesting that genes influence preferences for these foods . Analyses conducted for twins reared together and apart also suggested greater monozygotic than dizygotic correlations , but cross-twin , cross-trait correlations were all insignificant , suggesting that the genes that affect consumption frequencies are not responsible for mediating the relation between the frequency of intake and weight change . CONCLUSIONS : Genetic effects and the frequency of intake are independently related to change in body mass index However , there was no suggestion of differential genetic effects on weight gain that were dependent on the consumption frequency of the foods studied .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Jackson SA Dong F Jiang J | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10205912 Accession (PMID): 10205912 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The 7 . 4 kb BAC vector was extended to approximately 2 . 44 kb per micrometer . Digitally measured linear distances can be transformed into kilobases of DNA using the extension of BAC vector as a standard calibration . We mapped DNA fragments as small as 2 kb directly on circular BAC molecules . A rice BAC clone containing both tandem and dispersed repeats was analyzed using this technique . The distribution and organization of the different repeats within the BAC insert were efficiently determined . The results showed that this technique will be especially valuable for characterizing BAC clones that contain complex repetitive DNA sequences .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Head SR Parikh K Rogers YH Bishai W Goelet P Boyce-Jacino MT .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10208797 Accession (PMID): 10208797 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: DNA chip arrays hold considerable promise for diagnostic sequencing of polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) products . To date , however , arrays have been relatively expensive , complex to use and difficult to interpret , preventing their adaptation to the clinical lab . A moderate density array method has been developed that enables efficient , easy-to-interpret and robust solid-phase PCR product sequencing . Here , the results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampin resistance mutation detection by primer-extension-based sequence scanning of the rpo B gene of M tuberculosis are presented . Rifampin resistant clinical isolates were identified in as little as 1 h post PCR amplification with visual results detection .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Lowe KC Anthony P Davey MR Power JB .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10226688 Accession (PMID): 10226688 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Protoplasts ( wall-less cells ) isolated enzymatically from leaf it issues of Manihot esculenta , Passiflora edulis and Petunia parodii , and from cell suspensions of Oryza sativa , Passiflora giberti , Petunia hybrida and Salpiglossis sinuata , were cultured for up to 35 d at an interface between the inert , oxygen-gassed perfluorocarbon ( PFC ) liquid , perfluorodecalin , overlaid with liquid or semi-solidified aqueous media . The maximum increase in mitotic division , as assessed by initial plating efficiency ( IPE ) occurred with protoplasts of O sativa , which showed a 4-fold increase above the control over 35 d . Similar , but less pronounced increases in IPE of 90-103% occurred with S sinuata , P giberti and P parodii following culture with oxygenated PFC . The least responsive species was M esculenta , where the mean IPE after 25 d was increased by 33% over control . For those totipotent protoplast systems ( eg P edulis , P giberti , O sativa and P parodii ) phenotypically normal plants were regenerated following initial culture with oxygenated PFC . The advantages of such an interface system include ( 1 ) ease of sterilisation of the PFC by autoclaving , ( 2 ) the recycleability and , hence , recovery of the PFC , thereby offsetting the high initial costs , and ( 3 ) the ability to aspirate cells at the interface .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Ravindran V Cabahug S Ravindran G Bryden WL .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10228966 Accession (PMID): 10228966 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The influence of microbial phytase on the ileal amino acid digestibilities in three cereals ( corn , sorghum , and wheat ) , four oilseed meals ( soybean meal , canola meal , cottonseed meal , and sunflower meal ) and two cereal by-products ( wheat middlings and rice polishings ) was determined using 5-wk-old broilers . Supplementation of microbial phytase ( 1 , 200 FTU/kg ) improved ( P < 0 . 001 to 0 . 10 ) the digestibilities of protein and amino acids in all feedstuffs , but the magnitude of response varied depending on the feedstuff and the amino acid considered . Mean digestibility of the 15 amino acids in the feedstuffs without and with phytase were : corn , 78 . 0 and 80 . 4% ; sorghum , 74 . 7 and 79 . 4% ; wheat , 77 . 7 and 84 . 6% ; soybean meal , 82 . 2 and 85 . 5% ; canola meal , 78 . 7 and 80 . 7% ; cottonseed meal , 70 . 8 and 74 . 2% ; sunflower meal , 76 . 7 and 80 . 2% ; wheat middlings , 70 . 8 and 73 . 4% ; and rice polishings 62 . 1 and 66 . 9% , respectively . When individual amino acids were considered , the increments in digestibility were relatively higher for threonine and valine . This effect was consistent across all feedstuffs . The observed variations in response among feedstuffs were influenced by the inherent protein digestibility , but not by dietary phytic acid concentration . No correlations were determined between the dietary concentrations of phytic acid and phytase responses in terms of protein digestibility ( r = 0 . 20 ; P > 0 . 31 ) and mean amino acid digestibility ( r = 0 . 12 ; P > 0 . 51 ) ; however a significant negative correlation was observed between inherent protein digestibility and phytase responses in protein digestibility ( r = -0 . 42 ; P < 0 . 03 ) . It appears that solubilities of phytate salts and protein , and their influence on the degree of phytate-protein complexing in different feedstuffs , may be more relevant than total phytic acid concentrations . Interestingly , dietary phytic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with inherent protein ( r = -0 . 81 ; P < 0 . 001 ) and mean amino acid ( r = -0 . 85 ; P < 0 . 001 ) digestibilities of the feedstuffs evaluated in this study .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Williams DE Wareham NJ Cox BD Byrne CD Hales CN Day NE .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10235173 Accession (PMID): 10235173 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Vegetable consumption during the summer months had a much weaker inverse association with the risk of having NIDDM that failed to reach statistical significance . A nonsignificant inverse association between frequent consumption of fruits and NIDDM was observed . Frequent self-reported pasta and rice consumption was associated with a reduction in the risk of having IGT and NIDDM . ( OR = 0 . 62 , 95% CI = 0 . 44-0 . 87 , and OR = 0 . 51 , 95% CI = 0 . 27-0 . 99 , respectively ) but this relationship was not independent of age . Whether these associations reflect specific effects of particular nutrients or are a reflection of the patterning of lifestyle factors remains to be determined .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Parsons PE Lichtenstein R Berki SE Murt HA Lepkowski JM Stehouwer SA Landis JR .
| | Year: 1986 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10313412 Accession (PMID): 10313412 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The total costs of illness and injury in the US civilian noninstitutionalized population in 1980 amounted to $381 . 7 billion . The direct costs of illness and injury--resource expenditures for the diagnosis , treatment , and management of medical and dental conditions--were $153 . 9 billion , or 40 . 3 percent of total costs . Indirect costs--economic losses from morbidity and mortality--were $227 . 9 billion , or 59 . 7 percent of total costs . Of indirect costs , $104 . 9 billion resulted from productivity losses because of morbidity , and $123 . 0 billion represent the present value of lost productivity from premature mortality based on a net effective discount rate of 4 percent . These estimates , based on data from the 1980 . National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey ( NMCUES ) , differ from other estimates of the costs of illness and injury in 1980 ( Gibson and Waldo , 1982 ; Rice , Hodgson , and Kopstein , 1985 ) . The differences , which can be resolved , are attributable to two major factors : ( 1 ) NMCUES includes only the civilian noninstitutionalized population , but the other estimates include the institutionalized population and the military ; and ( 2 ) NMCUES indirect cost estimates for the population unable to work include persons who were retired for health reasons in 1979 and 1980 , disabled homemakers , and other persons who were disabled for the entire year 1980 but were not retired for health reasons in 1979 , but the Rice et al estimates do not include the last two categories in the population unable to work . The principal NMCUES findings on the total costs of illness in the civilian noninstitutionalized population reinforce the importance of considering distributional effects .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Of indirect costs , $104 . 9 billion resulted from productivity losses because of morbidity , and $123 . 0 billion represent the present value of lost productivity from premature mortality based on a net effective discount rate of 4 percent . These estimates , based on data from the 1980 . National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey ( NMCUES ) , differ from other estimates of the costs of illness and injury in 1980 ( Gibson and Waldo , 1982 ; Rice , Hodgson , and Kopstein , 1985 ) . The differences , which can be resolved , are attributable to two major factors : ( 1 ) NMCUES includes only the civilian noninstitutionalized population , but the other estimates include the institutionalized population and the military ; and ( 2 ) NMCUES indirect cost estimates for the population unable to work include persons who were retired for health reasons in 1979 and 1980 , disabled homemakers , and other persons who were disabled for the entire year 1980 but were not retired for health reasons in 1979 , but the Rice et al estimates do not include the last two categories in the population unable to work . The principal NMCUES findings on the total costs of illness in the civilian noninstitutionalized population reinforce the importance of considering distributional effects . Persons 65 years of age and over represent one-tenth of this population yet account for more than one-fourth of direct costs and more than their share of total costs , even though the institutionalized elderly are excluded . More than two-thirds of total costs for this age category are accounted for by direct costs . Direct costs also account for more than two-thirds of total costs for people under 17 years of age . However , this youngest age category , which constitutes over one-fourth of the civilian noninstitutionalized population , generates only 12 . 3 percent of direct costs .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| | Author: Basarab GS Steffens JJ Wawrzak Z Schwartz RS Lundqvist T Jordan DB .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10320327 Accession (PMID): 10320327 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: All but one residue ( Lys73 , a potential base in an anti elimination mechanism ) were found to be important to catalysis or substrate binding . Steady-state kinetic parameters for the mutants support the native roles for the residues ( Asn131 , Asp31 , His85 , His110 , Ser129 , Tyr30 , and Tyr50 ) within a syn elimination mechanism . Relative substrate specificities for the two physiological substrates , scytalone and veremelone , versus a Ser129 mutant help assign the orientation of the substrates within the active site . His85Asn was the most damaging mutation to catalysis consistent with its native roles as a general base and a general acid in a syn elimination . The additive effect of Tyr30Phe and Tyr50Phe mutations in the double mutant is consistent with their roles in protonating the substrates carbonyl through a water molecule . Studies on a synthetic substrate , which has an anomeric carbon atom which can better stabilize a carbocation than the physiological substrate ( vermelone ) , suggest that His110Asn prefers this substrate over vermelone in order to balance the mutation-imposed weakness in promoting the elimination of hydroxide from substrates . All mutant enzymes bound a potent active-site inhibitor in near 1 : 1 stoichiometry , thereby supporting their active-site integrity . An X-ray crystal structure of the Tyr50Phe mutant indicated that both active-site waters were retained , likely accounting for its residual catalytic activity . Steady-state kinetic parameters with deuterated scytalone gave kinetic isotope effects of 2 . 7 on kcat and 4 . 2 on kcat/Km , suggesting that steps after dehydration partially limit kcat .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The additive effect of Tyr30Phe and Tyr50Phe mutations in the double mutant is consistent with their roles in protonating the substrates carbonyl through a water molecule . Studies on a synthetic substrate , which has an anomeric carbon atom which can better stabilize a carbocation than the physiological substrate ( vermelone ) , suggest that His110Asn prefers this substrate over vermelone in order to balance the mutation-imposed weakness in promoting the elimination of hydroxide from substrates . All mutant enzymes bound a potent active-site inhibitor in near 1 : 1 stoichiometry , thereby supporting their active-site integrity . An X-ray crystal structure of the Tyr50Phe mutant indicated that both active-site waters were retained , likely accounting for its residual catalytic activity . Steady-state kinetic parameters with deuterated scytalone gave kinetic isotope effects of 2 . 7 on kcat and 4 . 2 on kcat/Km , suggesting that steps after dehydration partially limit kcat . Pre-steady-state measurements of a single-enzyme turnover with scytalone gave a rate that was 6-fold larger than kcat . kcat/Km with scytalone has a pKa of 7 . 9 similar to the pKa value for the ionization of the substrates C6 phenolic hydroxyl , whereas kcat was unaffected by pH , indicating that the anionic form of scytalone does not bind well to enzyme . With an alternate substrate having a pKa above 11 , kcat/Km had a pKa of 9 . 3 likely due to the ionization of Tyr50 . The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone was nearly a billion-fold slower than the enzyme-catalyzed rate at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone had a deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1 . 2 at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C , and scytalone incorporated deuterium from D2O in the C2 position about 70-fold more rapidly than the dehydration rate . Thus , scytalone dehydrates through an E1cb mechanism off the enzyme .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: An X-ray crystal structure of the Tyr50Phe mutant indicated that both active-site waters were retained , likely accounting for its residual catalytic activity . Steady-state kinetic parameters with deuterated scytalone gave kinetic isotope effects of 2 . 7 on kcat and 4 . 2 on kcat/Km , suggesting that steps after dehydration partially limit kcat . Pre-steady-state measurements of a single-enzyme turnover with scytalone gave a rate that was 6-fold larger than kcat . kcat/Km with scytalone has a pKa of 7 . 9 similar to the pKa value for the ionization of the substrates C6 phenolic hydroxyl , whereas kcat was unaffected by pH , indicating that the anionic form of scytalone does not bind well to enzyme . With an alternate substrate having a pKa above 11 , kcat/Km had a pKa of 9 . 3 likely due to the ionization of Tyr50 . The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone was nearly a billion-fold slower than the enzyme-catalyzed rate at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C The non-enzyme-catalyzed rate of dehydration of scytalone had a deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1 . 2 at pH 7 . 0 and 25 degrees C , and scytalone incorporated deuterium from D2O in the C2 position about 70-fold more rapidly than the dehydration rate . Thus , scytalone dehydrates through an E1cb mechanism off the enzyme .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Xiong LZ Xu CG Saghai Maroof MA Zhang Q | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10323223 Accession (PMID): 10323223 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 195 sites were found to be methylated at cytosines in one or both parents , and the two parents showed approximately the same overall degree of methylation ( 16 . 3% ) , as revealed by the incidence of differential digestion by the isoschizomers . Four classes of patterns were identified in a comparative assay of cytosine methylation in the parents and hybrid ; increased methylation was detected in the hybrid compared to the parents at some of the recognition sites , while decreased methylation in the hybrid was detected at other sites . A small proportion of the sites was found to be differentially methylated in seedlings and flag leaves ; DNA from young seedlings was methylated to a greater extent than that from flag leaves . Almost all of the methylation patterns detected by MSAP could be confirmed by Southern analysis using the isolated amplified fragments as probes . The results clearly demonstrate that the MSAP technique is highly efficient for large-scale detection of cytosine methylation in the rice genome . We believe that the technique can be adapted for use in other plant species .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Laroche J Bousquet J | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331271 Accession (PMID): 10331271 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both substitution and indel rates were low among the Betulaceae sequences , but substitution rates were increasingly larger than indel rates in comparisons involving more distantly related taxa . From a secondary-structure model , regions involved in helical structures were shown to be well preserved from indels as compared to substitutions , but compensatory changes were not observed among the angiosperm sequences analyzed . Using approximate divergence times based on the fossil record , substitution and indel rate heterogeneity was observed between different pairs of annual and perennial taxa . In particular , the annual petunia and primrose evolved more than 15 and 10 times faster , for substitution and indel rates respectively , than the perennial birch and alder . This is the first demonstration of an evolutionary rate difference between perennial and annual forms in noncoding DNA , lending support to neutral causes such as the generation time , population size , and speciation rate effects to explain such rate heterogeneity . Surprisingly , the sequence from the rps3 intron had a high identity with the sequence of intron 1 from the angiosperm mitochondrial nad5 gene , suggesting a common origin of these two group IIA introns .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Ikezawa Z Tsubaki K Osuna H Shimada T Moteki K Sugiyama H Katumata K Anzai H Amano S | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10331306 Accession (PMID): 10331306 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: An involvement of rice allergy in development and exacerbation of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis ( AD ) has been suggested in some cases , and it has been also known that elimination diet of rice results in improvement of AD and reduction of the doses of steroid ointment and anti-allergic drugs used for the treatment . We prepared the hypoallergenic rice grain , AFT-R 1 ( Allergen-free Technology Lab . Inc . -Rice 1 ) , with alkali treatment from the rice material , Koshihikari , which is popular in Japan . Its usefulness was evaluated clinically and serologically . The serological study with IgE-ELISA showed that the major allergic protein were remarkably reduced to less than 1/6400 of them in the AFT-R 1 . Then it was applied to the clinical trial , and evaluated as useful by the clinical effect in 14 ( 93% ) out of 15 patients , who were diagnosed to have rice allergy by the elimination ( in 15 case ) and ingestion ( in 12 cases ) of the regular rice . The serum taken from the patient , whom the AFT-R 1 was evaluated as unuseful in the clinical trial , was shown to have IgE antibodies reactive to the remaining protein in AFT-R 1 by IgE-ELISA , and the 60 kd protein band was detected as an IgE-binding component of AFT-R 1 by IgE-immunoblotting with the same serum . This 60 kd rice protein was identified as ADP ( UDP ) -glucose-starch glycosyl transferase ( EC : 2 . 4 . 1 . 21 ) by N-terminal amino acid analysis . These results indicated that AFT-R 1 is very useful as a substitute of rice in many AD patients with rice allergy , although IgE-binding component such as the 60 kd protein is remaining in one .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Fujita N Kubo A Francisco PB Nakakita M Harada K Minaka N Nakamura Y | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10333591 Accession (PMID): 10333591 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Isoamylase ( EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 68 ) in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) was efficiently purified within a day to homogeneity , as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS-PAGE ) , from developing endosperm by sequential use of Q Sepharose HP anion-exchange chromatography , ammonium sulfate fractionation , and TSKgel G4000SWXL and G3000SWXL gel filtration chromatography . Although the protein exhibited a molecular size of ca 83 kDa on SDS-PAGE , the apparent size of the native enzyme was approximately 340 and 490 kDa on TSKgel G3000SWXL and G4000SWXL gel filtration chromatograms , respectively , suggesting that rice isoamylase exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form in developing endosperm . The purified rice isoamylase was able to debranch glycogen , phytoglycogen and amylopectin but could not attack pullulan . The optimum pH and temperature for isoamylase activity were found to be pH 6 . 5 to 7 . 0 and 30 degrees C , respectively . The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate at 1 mM .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Grimaud P Richard D Vergeron MP Guilleret JR Doreau M | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10342236 Accession (PMID): 10342236 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of drastic undernutrition was studied in Bos indicus cows . Four nonlactating cows ( body weight = 208 kg ) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a crossover design . They received , in two 1-mo periods , a diet of 80% rice straw and 20% cotton-seed meal fed either at energy maintenance [ 3 . 91 kg of dry matter ( DM ) /d ] or at one-third of this intake ( 1 . 30 kg of DM/d ) . The variation in digestibility was studied in relation to particle retention time and microbial events . Organic matter digestibility decreased with underfeeding ( 64 . 5 and 53 . 7% , respectively , at high and low intakes ) without modification of mean ruminal or total tract retention times .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Gonalvez AA Badiale-Furlong E de Souza-Soares LA Siervs ST .
| | Year: 1998 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10347699 Accession (PMID): 10347699 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The information about dietary fiber presents controversies in many research areas such as in nomenclature , related illnesses , recommended quantities and terminology , mainly because of lack of analytical data . Different needs and interests for the dietary fiber composition of foods and forages have led to a proliferation of methods for its analysis . This research , a further adaptation of the enzymatic method of Asp et al ( 1983 ) for its application is proposed for rice and wheat bran , byproducts of agroindustries in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul ( Brazil ) . The inclusion of Amyloglucosidase in the proposed methodology contributed to the decrease in the content of residual starch at the end of the experiment , like Prosky et al ( 1992 ) . To increase the efficiency of the enzyme system in this type of samples , other changes were made with respect to incubation time and proteolytic enzyme concentration . In the final adaptation , a decrease of 51 . 33% of the starch content was observed in rice bran ( RB ) and of 52 . 93% in wheat bran ( WB ) . This decrease was also verified in the model system ( MS ) ( 52 . 08% ) , which demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed adaptation . With respect to the residual protein , it was verified that the measures adopted provoked a reduction of 42 . 15% ( RB ) , 52 . 19% ( WB ) and 42 . 11% ( MS ) as compared to the original method . Then the proposed conditions has been shown to be efficient in decreasing the level of interference ( indigestible starch and protein ) in the quantification of dietary fiber in rice and wheat bran .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: To increase the efficiency of the enzyme system in this type of samples , other changes were made with respect to incubation time and proteolytic enzyme concentration . In the final adaptation , a decrease of 51 . 33% of the starch content was observed in rice bran ( RB ) and of 52 . 93% in wheat bran ( WB ) . This decrease was also verified in the model system ( MS ) ( 52 . 08% ) , which demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed adaptation . With respect to the residual protein , it was verified that the measures adopted provoked a reduction of 42 . 15% ( RB ) , 52 . 19% ( WB ) and 42 . 11% ( MS ) as compared to the original method . Then the proposed conditions has been shown to be efficient in decreasing the level of interference ( indigestible starch and protein ) in the quantification of dietary fiber in rice and wheat bran .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: De-Oliveira IM Fujimori E Pereira VG De-Castro VD .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10347814 Accession (PMID): 10347814 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: After 28 days , the rats on the rice-and-bean diets showed significantly higher levels ( four times higher ) of liver GGT activity and a concomitant 50% lower concentration of liver GSH in comparison with control groups feeding on casein . The addition of DL-methionine to rice-and-bean diets significantly increased the liver GSH content , which reached levels 50% higher than those found in animals on casein diets . The increase in GSH was accompanied by a decrease in liver GGT activity , which did not reach levels as low as those observed in the control groups . No significant correlation could be established between GGT and GSH changes under the present experimental conditions . Linear correlation analysis only revealed that in animals submitted to unsupplemented rice-and-bean diets GSH concentration was positively associated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with weight gain , food intake and food efficiency . GGT , however , was negatively correlated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with food intake only , and exclusively for supplemented rice-and-bean diets . The high levels of GGT activity observed in the present study for rats receiving a rice-and-bean mixture could be a result of the poor quality of these diets associated with their deficiency in sulfur amino acids . The results also suggest that diet supplementation with methionine could be important in the reduction of the deleterious effects of GSH depletion by restoring the intracellular concentration of this tripeptide .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: No significant correlation could be established between GGT and GSH changes under the present experimental conditions . Linear correlation analysis only revealed that in animals submitted to unsupplemented rice-and-bean diets GSH concentration was positively associated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with weight gain , food intake and food efficiency . GGT , however , was negatively correlated ( P < 0 . 05 ) with food intake only , and exclusively for supplemented rice-and-bean diets . The high levels of GGT activity observed in the present study for rats receiving a rice-and-bean mixture could be a result of the poor quality of these diets associated with their deficiency in sulfur amino acids . The results also suggest that diet supplementation with methionine could be important in the reduction of the deleterious effects of GSH depletion by restoring the intracellular concentration of this tripeptide .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| | Author: Mathews CJ MacLeod RJ Zheng SX Hanrahan JW Bennett HP Hamilton JR .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10348817 Accession (PMID): 10348817 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND & AIMS : When rice is incorporated into oral rehydration therapy for patients with secretory diarrhea , clinical outcomes improve . We have shown that a factor purified from boiled rice ( RF ) blocks the secretory response of intestinal crypt cells to adenosine 3 , 5-cyclic monophosphate ( cAMP ) . Now we report that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) chloride channel is the cellular target for this rice inhibitor . METHODS : We used RF , the same previously described extract prepared from boiled rice , to assess chloride channel activation in vitro , measuring ( 1 ) cell volume regulation of guinea pig intestinal crypt epithelial cell suspensions using standard Coulter counter technology , ( 2 ) transepithelial chloride current in monolayers of T84 cells mounted in Ussing chambers , and ( 3 ) whole-cell and single-channel currents using the patch-clamp technique in cells transfected to express CFTR . RESULTS : RF inhibited activation by cAMP of CFTR chloride channels in all experimental preparations ; RF did not block volume-stimulated Cl secretion , suggesting that its effect might be specific for CFTR chloride channels . RF inhibited transepithelial cAMP-stimulated Cl current in T84 cells and inhibited forskolin ( ie , cAMP ) -induced current in cells transfected with CFTR . Excised patch and single-channel patch-clamp recordings supported the view that the response was a direct effect on CFTR rather than on cAMP signal transduction . CONCLUSIONS : RF exerts a specific inhibitory effect on CFTR chloride channels , blocking activation from the luminal surface of the cell and reversing established activation . Many major diarrheal states are based on cAMP-induced CFTR activation , leading to excessive gut secretion ; our findings could have clinical relevance .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Now we report that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) chloride channel is the cellular target for this rice inhibitor . METHODS : We used RF , the same previously described extract prepared from boiled rice , to assess chloride channel activation in vitro , measuring ( 1 ) cell volume regulation of guinea pig intestinal crypt epithelial cell suspensions using standard Coulter counter technology , ( 2 ) transepithelial chloride current in monolayers of T84 cells mounted in Ussing chambers , and ( 3 ) whole-cell and single-channel currents using the patch-clamp technique in cells transfected to express CFTR . RESULTS : RF inhibited activation by cAMP of CFTR chloride channels in all experimental preparations ; RF did not block volume-stimulated Cl secretion , suggesting that its effect might be specific for CFTR chloride channels . RF inhibited transepithelial cAMP-stimulated Cl current in T84 cells and inhibited forskolin ( ie , cAMP ) -induced current in cells transfected with CFTR . Excised patch and single-channel patch-clamp recordings supported the view that the response was a direct effect on CFTR rather than on cAMP signal transduction . CONCLUSIONS : RF exerts a specific inhibitory effect on CFTR chloride channels , blocking activation from the luminal surface of the cell and reversing established activation . Many major diarrheal states are based on cAMP-induced CFTR activation , leading to excessive gut secretion ; our findings could have clinical relevance .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : We used RF , the same previously described extract prepared from boiled rice , to assess chloride channel activation in vitro , measuring ( 1 ) cell volume regulation of guinea pig intestinal crypt epithelial cell suspensions using standard Coulter counter technology , ( 2 ) transepithelial chloride current in monolayers of T84 cells mounted in Ussing chambers , and ( 3 ) whole-cell and single-channel currents using the patch-clamp technique in cells transfected to express CFTR . RESULTS : RF inhibited activation by cAMP of CFTR chloride channels in all experimental preparations ; RF did not block volume-stimulated Cl secretion , suggesting that its effect might be specific for CFTR chloride channels . RF inhibited transepithelial cAMP-stimulated Cl current in T84 cells and inhibited forskolin ( ie , cAMP ) -induced current in cells transfected with CFTR . Excised patch and single-channel patch-clamp recordings supported the view that the response was a direct effect on CFTR rather than on cAMP signal transduction . CONCLUSIONS : RF exerts a specific inhibitory effect on CFTR chloride channels , blocking activation from the luminal surface of the cell and reversing established activation . Many major diarrheal states are based on cAMP-induced CFTR activation , leading to excessive gut secretion ; our findings could have clinical relevance .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Kim HM Yi DK Shin HY .
| | Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10354818 Accession (PMID): 10354818 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanol extract of Oryza sativa L ( Dong-Jin in Korean , abbreviate as Os-DJ hereafter ) on anaphylaxis . Os-DJ ( 10 ( -5 ) to 1 g/kg ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats . When Os-DJ was pretreated at concentration ranging from 10 ( -5 ) to 1 g/kg , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner . Os-DJ ( 1 g/kg ) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE . Moreover , Os-DJ dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Fukushima M Yamada A Endo T Nakano M | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10355850 Accession (PMID): 10355850 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of a mixture of organisms ( a probiotic mixture ) comprising Bacillus , Lactobacillus , Streptococcus , Clostridium , Saccharomyces , and Candida ( 10 ( 7-8 ) colony-forming units/g rice bran of each component ) on delta6-desaturase activity in liver microsomes was compared with those of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus faecalis . There were four treatment groups . Each group of these rats received rice bran ( control ) , the mixture of organisms , L acidophilus , or S faecalis ( 30 g/kg ) along with a fat and cholesterol-enriched diet for 4 wk . The serum total cholesterol concentration of the group fed the mixture of organisms was reduced by 15-33% compared with the other groups at the end of the 4-wk feeding period ( P<0 . 05 ) . The proportion of palmitic acid in the serum phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) for the control group was significantly higher than those of the other groups .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The proportion of arachidonic acid in the liver PC for the mixed-organism group was significantly higher than those of the control and S faecalis groups . The ratio of arachidonic acid/linoleic acid was significantly higher in the liver PC of rats fed the mixed organisms compared with the control group ( P<0 . 05 ) . The delta6-desaturase activity in the liver microsomal fraction of the mixed-organism group was significantly higher than those of the other groups . The delta6-desaturase activity correlated positively with the ratio of arachidonic acid/linoleic acid of liver PC , the correlation coefficient ( r ) being 0 . 819 ( P<0 . 001 ) . The results indicate that the effect of the mixture of organisms was to increase delta6-desaturase activity and serum arachidonic acid and decrease cholesterol compared to the other organisms and control , but the mechanism whereby the enzyme activity was related to serum cholesterol does not appear to have been explored .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Goto K Kanaya S Ishigami T Hara Y | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10360248 Accession (PMID): 10360248 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of tea catechins on fecal contents and metabolites of elderly people who were on a diet of solid food . The subjects were 35 residents in a long-term care facility who were all on the same diet , consisting of rice gruel and minced food . Tea catechins ( 300 mg ) , which were divided into 3 doses a day , were a meal supplement every day for 6 weeks . Fecal specimens were collected by the nursing staff , and their moisture content , pH , ammonia , sulfide , and oxidation-reduction potential ( ORP ) were determined before , during , and after the administration of tea catechins . In a comparison of values before the administration , all these fecal parameters decreased significantly during the tea catechin administration .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Iwahashi H Kawamori H Fukushima K | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10362227 Accession (PMID): 10362227 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid enhanced the Fenton reaction in phosphate buffer , respectively . The enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction may be partly related to their respective actions in the biological systems such as a neurotoxic effect ( quinolinic acid ) , a marked growth-inhibitory action on rice seeding ( alpha-picolinic acid and fusaric acid ) , and an antiseptic ( 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) . The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the mixture of alpha-picolinic acid with ferrous ion showed a characteristic visible absorbance band with a lambda ( max ) at 443 nm , suggesting that alpha-picolinic acid chelate of Fe2+ ion forms in the solution . Similar characteristic visible absorbance band was also observed for the mixture of Fe2+ ion with quinolinic acid ( or fusaric acid , or 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ) . The chelation seems to be related to the enhancement by quinolinic acid , alpha-picolinic acid , fusaric acid , and 2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid of the Fenton reaction . alpha-Picolinic acid was reported to be a toxic substance isolated from the culture liquids of blast mould ( Piricularia oryzae CAVARA ) . On the other hand , it has also been known that chlorogenic acid protects rice plants from the blast disease .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Long MC Leong V Schaffer PA Spencer CA Rice SA .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10364308 Accession (PMID): 10364308 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: 69 : 5550-5559 , 1995 ) . However , depletion of IIo still occurs in 22/n199-infected cells . This suggests either that another viral gene product affects the RNAP II large subunit or that the truncated ICP22 polypeptide encoded by 22/n199 retains residual activity which leads to IIo depletion . To distinguish between these possibilities , we engineered an HSV-1 ICP22 null mutant , d22-lacZ , and compared it to 22/n199 . The two mutants are indistinguishable in their effects on the RNAP II large subunit , suggesting that an additional viral gene product is involved in altering RNAP II . Two candidates are UL13 , a protein kinase which has been implicated in ICP22 phosphorylation , and the virion host shutoff ( Vhs ) factor , the expression of which is positively regulated by ICP22 and UL13 . To test whether UL13 is involved , a UL13-deficient viral mutant , d13-lacZ , was engineered . This mutant was defective in IIi induction and IIa depletion , displaying a phenotype very similar to that of d22-lacZ . In contrast , a Vhs mutant had effects that were indistinguishable from wild-type HSV-1 .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The two mutants are indistinguishable in their effects on the RNAP II large subunit , suggesting that an additional viral gene product is involved in altering RNAP II . Two candidates are UL13 , a protein kinase which has been implicated in ICP22 phosphorylation , and the virion host shutoff ( Vhs ) factor , the expression of which is positively regulated by ICP22 and UL13 . To test whether UL13 is involved , a UL13-deficient viral mutant , d13-lacZ , was engineered . This mutant was defective in IIi induction and IIa depletion , displaying a phenotype very similar to that of d22-lacZ . In contrast , a Vhs mutant had effects that were indistinguishable from wild-type HSV-1 . Therefore , UL13 but not the Vhs function plays a role in modifying the RNAP II large subunit . To study the potential role of UL13 in viral transcription , we carried out nuclear run-on transcription analyses in infected human embryonic lung cells . Infections with either UL13 or ICP22 mutants led to significantly reduced amounts of viral genome transcription at late times after infection . Together , our results suggest that ICP22 and UL13 are involved in a common pathway that alters RNAP II phosphorylation and that in some cell lines this change promotes viral late transcription .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Glathe H El Din A Scheuer A | | Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1036854 Accession (PMID): 1036854 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The content of active nitrogen ( NH4 + NO3 ) increased , when calcium-cyanamide was added , but decreased after the application of straw . After 70 days sandy soil again showed an increase of active nitrogen . Straw increased the rates of CO2-production considerably , wheat straw was superior to rice straw . Calcium-cyanamide increased the CO2-production more in sandy than in loamy soil or German loess , which was also used for this experiment . Only in the case of rice straw higher doses of calcium-cyanamide had a positive effect . After 70 days the CO2-production rose only when rice straw was applied . The dehydrogenase-activity was increased in both soils , but a superiority of wheat straw occurred in sandy soil only . The microbiological activity in the pots with straw was higher in sandy than in loamy soil , the addition of calcium-cyanamide accelerated it . Doses of 25-50 kg N/ha are sufficient generally .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Abd-El-Malek Y Monib M Rizk SG Shehata SM .
| | Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1037181 Accession (PMID): 1037181 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three investigations were carried out . The first determined the relationships between dehydrogenase acitivty throughout the course of composting wheat straw and the changes in both organic carbon and total nitrogen . The second investigation tested the validity of the first investigation results . The third dealt with the effect of the degree of ripening of a compost , expressed by age and C/N ratio , on its dehydrogenase activity , and production of CO2 . The results revealed continual decreases in the organic carbon , coincident with increases in total N and dehydrogenase activity . Noticeable chemical and biological changes occurred in the first and third month . Levels of dehydrogenase were highest in rice straw and lowest in cotton stalk compost , while the wheat straw compost occupied an intermediate position . Aging of the compost resulted in increases in the dehydrogenase figures and decreases in the amounts of CO2 produced .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Kim HM Kang CS Lee EH Shin TY .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10378987 Accession (PMID): 10378987 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis . OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats . When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner . OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Nuccio ML Thomas TL .
| | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10380802 Accession (PMID): 10380802 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A modified protocol for differential display of mRNA was used to identify and clone genes expressed in developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds . Two novel embryo-specific genes designated ATS1 and ATS3 ( Arabidopsis thaliana seed gene ) were identified . In situ hybridization showed that , spatially , ATS1 is expressed in a pattern similar to the Arabidopsis GEA1 gene and that ATS3 is expressed in a pattern similar to the Arabidopsis seed storage protein genes . Southern analysis of Arabidopsis genomic DNA indicated that ATS1 is a member of a small gene family and that ATS3 is present as a single copy in the diploid genome . Sequence analysis of both genes showed that ATS1 is similar to the rice EFA27 gene and that ATS3 is unique . Western analysis and light level immunocytochemistry using antisera raised against the putative ATS1 and ATS3 translation products verified that ATS1 and ATS3 proteins are seed-specific and accumulate in a spatial pattern similar to their respective transcripts . Taken together , these data show that ATS1 and ATS3 are novel embryo-specific genes in Arabidopsis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Negri E Bosetti C La Vecchia C Fioretti F Conti E Franceschi S | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10389747 Accession (PMID): 10389747 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Odds ratios ( ORs ) were estimated using conditional logistic regression . Alcohol and tobacco consumption did not increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine . The risk appeared to be directly related to intake of bread , pasta or rice ( OR = 3 . 8 ) , sugar ( OR = 2 . 9 ) and red meat ( OR = 4 . 6 ) , and inversely to coffee ( OR = 0 . 4 ) , fish ( OR = 0 . 3 ) , vegetables ( OR = 0 . 3 ) and fruit ( OR = 0 . 6 ) . Our results suggest that dietary correlates of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine are similar to those of colon cancer and at least of the same magnitude . While the present data are inconsistent with a major effect of tobacco or alcohol , a moderate association between these factors and small bowel cancer may have been obscured by the play of chance .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| | Author: Tsuji H Hirahashi T Ogata H Fujishima M | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10396868 Accession (PMID): 10396868 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To evaluate chronic immune effects of polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) , serum immunoglobulin concentrations and autoantibodies were studied in 79 patients with Yusho in 1997 . Serum levels of immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) , immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) and immunoglobulin M ( IgM ) were elevated in 10 cases ( 12 . 7% ) , 19 cases ( 24 . 1% ) and 7 cases ( 8 . 9% ) , respectively . Autoatibodies were present in some patients of Yusho ; 10 cases ( 12 . 7% ) for rheumatoid factor and 36 cases ( 45 . 6% ) for antinuclear antibody . LE factor was not detected . There were no significant correlations between blood PCB concentrations and serum immunoglobulin concentrations , or presence of autoantibodies .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| | Author: Morita K Matsueda T Iida T | | Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10396872 Accession (PMID): 10396872 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper presents the fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin ( PCDD ) congeners , and polychlorinated dibenzofuran ( PCDF ) congeners in male rats fed a diet containing 0 . 5% disodiumprotoporphyrin ( PPNa ) or 0 . 5% hemin . The animals were administered 4 g of 0 . 5% PPNa or 0 . 5% hemin diet containing 0 . 5 ml of the causal rice-bran oil of Yusho that had occurred in the Southwest part of Japan in 1968 and kept on the same diet for five days . The fecal excretion of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-T4CDD and 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-P5CDF in the group fed with 0 . 5% PPNa were 2 . 1 and 1 . 9 times higher , respectively , than that in the group fed with a control diet . Hemin did not show any significant effect on the inhibition of absorption of dioxins . Next , the rats were given a diet containing 0 . 5% PPNa or 0 . 5% Hemin for four weeks after a week interval from the day of the causal rice-bran oil administration . The fecal excretion of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-T4CDD and 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-P5CDF in the group fed with 0 . 5% PPNa were stimulated 2 . 1 times higher , respectively , than that in the group fed with a control diet . Hemin did not show any significant effect on the inhibition of re-absorption of dioxins .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The fecal excretion of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-T4CDD and 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-P5CDF in the group fed with 0 . 5% PPNa were 2 . 1 and 1 . 9 times higher , respectively , than that in the group fed with a control diet . Hemin did not show any significant effect on the inhibition of absorption of dioxins . Next , the rats were given a diet containing 0 . 5% PPNa or 0 . 5% Hemin for four weeks after a week interval from the day of the causal rice-bran oil administration . The fecal excretion of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-T4CDD and 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 8-P5CDF in the group fed with 0 . 5% PPNa were stimulated 2 . 1 times higher , respectively , than that in the group fed with a control diet . Hemin did not show any significant effect on the inhibition of re-absorption of dioxins .
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