| 16143 matches found in 10766 documents. Search time: 0.224 seconds. |
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| Title: The refolding , purification , and activity analysis of a rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor expressed in Escherichia coli .
| | Author: Li N Qu LJ Liu Y Li Q Gu H Chen Z | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10024476 Accession (PMID): 10024476 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A putative rice trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor of the Bowman-Birk family , RBBI-8 of about 20 kDa , was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein bearing an N-terminal ( His ) 6 purification tag . The expressed recombinant protein , rRBBI-8 , is insoluble and accumulates as inclusion bodies . The insoluble protein was solubilized in 8 M urea under reducing environment and then refolded into its active conformation under optimized redox conditions . Strategies used to optimize yield and efficiency include selecting the redox system , increasing protein concentration during refolding by adding the denatured protein in a stepwise way , utilizing additives to prevent aggregation , and selecting buffer-exchanging conditions . A Ni-chelate affinity column was then employed to purify the renatured protein . rRBBI-8 shows strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and it can slightly inhibit chymotrypsin . In this study , a refolding and purification system was set up for this cysteine-rich recombinant protein expressed in a prokaryotic system .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Isoform-specific effects of charged residues at borders of the M1-M2 loop of the Na , K-ATPase alpha subunit .
| | Author: Coppi MV Compton LA Guidotti G | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10029544 Accession (PMID): 10029544 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Na , K-ATPase is specifically inhibited by the cardiac glycoside , ouabain . Via a largely undefined mechanism , the ouabain affinity of the Na , K-ATPase can be manipulated by mutating the residues at the borders of the first extracellular ( M1-M2 ) loop of the alpha subunit [ Price , E M , Rice , D A , and Lingrel , J B ( 1990 ) J Biol . Chem . 265 , 6638-6641 ] . To address this issue , we compared the effects of two combinations of charged residues at the M1-M2 loop border , R113 , D124 and D113 , R124 ( numbered according to the rat alpha1 subunit ) , on the ouabain sensitivity of the alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms . We report that ouabain sensitivity is dependent not only upon the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border but also upon the context into which they are introduced . Furthermore , at low concentrations of ATP , the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border affects the regulation of ATP hydrolysis by potassium in an isoform-specific manner . Analysis of chimeric alpha subunits reveals that the effects of potassium are determined primarily by the interaction of the N-terminus and M1-M2 loop with the C-terminal third of the alpha subunit . M1-M2 loop border residues may , therefore , influence ouabain sensitivity indirectly by altering the stability or structure of the intermediate of the Na , K-ATPase catalytic cycle which is competent to bind ouabain .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Na , K-ATPase is specifically inhibited by the cardiac glycoside , ouabain . Via a largely undefined mechanism , the ouabain affinity of the Na , K-ATPase can be manipulated by mutating the residues at the borders of the first extracellular ( M1-M2 ) loop of the alpha subunit [ Price , E M , Rice , D A , and Lingrel , J B ( 1990 ) J Biol . Chem . 265 , 6638-6641 ] . To address this issue , we compared the effects of two combinations of charged residues at the M1-M2 loop border , R113 , D124 and D113 , R124 ( numbered according to the rat alpha1 subunit ) , on the ouabain sensitivity of the alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms . We report that ouabain sensitivity is dependent not only upon the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border but also upon the context into which they are introduced . Furthermore , at low concentrations of ATP , the identity of the residues at the M1-M2 loop border affects the regulation of ATP hydrolysis by potassium in an isoform-specific manner . Analysis of chimeric alpha subunits reveals that the effects of potassium are determined primarily by the interaction of the N-terminus and M1-M2 loop with the C-terminal third of the alpha subunit . M1-M2 loop border residues may , therefore , influence ouabain sensitivity indirectly by altering the stability or structure of the intermediate of the Na , K-ATPase catalytic cycle which is competent to bind ouabain .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification of polypeptides associated with an enriched cytoskeleton-protein body fraction from developing rice endosperm .
| | Author: Wu Y Muench DG Kim YT Hwang YS Okita TW .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10050310 Accession (PMID): 10050310 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent evidence has shown that the prolamine polysomes are attached not only to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes that bound the prolamine protein bodies ( PBs ) but also to cytoskeleton elements associated with this subcellular fraction . To learn more about the nature of the proteins that are associated with this supra-macromolecular complex , proteins extracted from an enriched cytoskeleton-PB fraction were resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-equilibrium conditions and analyzed for their composition by immunological and biochemical methods . Immunoblot analysis indicated the presence of the cytoskeletal proteins , actin and tubulin , and the cytoskeletal-associated protein EF1 alpha in this fraction . Microsequencing of selected polypeptides revealed a diversity of protein sequences . In addition to contaminating storage proteins which are selectively solubilized by the isolation procedure , several ribosomal proteins and histone H3 were also identified . Some of the remaining polypeptides showed partial homology to protein sequences deposited in the database , several of which are cytoskeleton-associated proteins .
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| Title: Large-scale sequencing of plant genomes .
| | Author: Rounsley S Lin X Ketchum KA .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10066574 Accession (PMID): 10066574 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The large number of ESTs generated for Arabidopsis and rice in recent years now act as an important complement to whole genome sequencing projects . The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative has begun a coordinated effort to sequence the entire genome and , as a result , increasing numbers of large sequence entries can be found in the public databases . In addition , the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis has been completely sequenced . Genome sequencing studies and the public sequence databases have begun to influence the direction of diverse areas of research from physiology to evolution .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Molecular characterization of two endogenous double-stranded RNAs in rice and their inheritance by interspecific hybrids .
| | Author: Moriyama H Horiuchi H Koga R Fukuhara T | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10066741 Accession (PMID): 10066741 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: We completely sequenced 13 , 936 nucleotides ( nt ) of a double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) of wild rice ( W-dsRNA ) . A single long open reading frame ( 13 , 719 nt ) containing the conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA helicase was located in the coding strand . The identity between entire nucleotide sequence of W-dsRNA and that of the dsRNA of temperate japonica rice ( J-dsRNA , 13 , 952 nt ) was 75 . 5% . A site-specific discontinuity ( nick ) was identified at nt 1 , 197 from the 5 end of the coding strand of W-dsRNA . This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We completely sequenced 13 , 936 nucleotides ( nt ) of a double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) of wild rice ( W-dsRNA ) . A single long open reading frame ( 13 , 719 nt ) containing the conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA helicase was located in the coding strand . The identity between entire nucleotide sequence of W-dsRNA and that of the dsRNA of temperate japonica rice ( J-dsRNA , 13 , 952 nt ) was 75 . 5% . A site-specific discontinuity ( nick ) was identified at nt 1 , 197 from the 5 end of the coding strand of W-dsRNA . This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: We completely sequenced 13 , 936 nucleotides ( nt ) of a double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) of wild rice ( W-dsRNA ) . A single long open reading frame ( 13 , 719 nt ) containing the conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA helicase was located in the coding strand . The identity between entire nucleotide sequence of W-dsRNA and that of the dsRNA of temperate japonica rice ( J-dsRNA , 13 , 952 nt ) was 75 . 5% . A site-specific discontinuity ( nick ) was identified at nt 1 , 197 from the 5 end of the coding strand of W-dsRNA . This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: We completely sequenced 13 , 936 nucleotides ( nt ) of a double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) of wild rice ( W-dsRNA ) . A single long open reading frame ( 13 , 719 nt ) containing the conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA helicase was located in the coding strand . The identity between entire nucleotide sequence of W-dsRNA and that of the dsRNA of temperate japonica rice ( J-dsRNA , 13 , 952 nt ) was 75 . 5% . A site-specific discontinuity ( nick ) was identified at nt 1 , 197 from the 5 end of the coding strand of W-dsRNA . This nick is also located at nt 1 , 211 from the 5 end in the coding strand of J-dsRNA . The dsRNA copy number was increased more than 10-fold in pollen grains of both rice plants . This remarkable increase may be responsible for the highly efficient transmission of J-dsRNA via pollen that we already reported . J-dsRNA and W-dsRNA were also efficiently transmitted to interspecific F1 hybrids . Seed-mediated dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was also highly efficient when the maternal parent was wild rice . The efficiency of dsRNA transmission to F2 plants was reduced when the maternal parent was temperate japonica rice ; however , the reduced rates in F2 plants were returned to high levels in F3 plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Water balance and fecal moisture content in suckling calves as influenced by free access to dry feed .
| | Author: Abe M Matsunaga M Iriki T Funaba M Honjo T Wada Y | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10068954 Accession (PMID): 10068954 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Holstein bull calves were used to examine the effect of dry feed on water balance and fecal moisture content during the suckling period . In Experiment 1 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and timothy hay decreased urine volume and increased apparent water retention , fecal water excretion , and fecal moisture content by 2 wk , although daily amounts of milk replacer also affected water balance when DMI from dry feed was low . In Experiment 2 ( n = 20 calves ) , free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased reabsorption of water from renal tubules during wk 2 , resulting in reduced urine volume and increased plasma volume . In Experiment 3 ( n = 10 calves ) , supplementation of 500 g/d of milk replacer plus free access to concentrate and hay from wk 1 increased plasma antidiuretic hormone by 2 wk compared with the concentration in calves receiving 200 g/d of milk replacer alone . Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies but not with glucose and urea . In Experiment 4 ( n = 16 calves ) , apparent water retention and fecal moisture content during wk 2 were increased by free access to concentrate from wk 1 but were not affected by rice straw as an inert bulk source .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nitrate-ammonium synergism in rice .
A subcellular flux analysis | | Author: Kronzucker HJ Siddiqi MY Glass AD Kirk GJ .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10069842 Accession (PMID): 10069842 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many reports have shown that plant growth and yield is superior on mixtures of NO3 and NH4+ compared with provision of either N source alone . Despite its clear practical importance , the nature of this N-source synergism at the cellular level is poorly understood . In the present study we have used the technique of compartmental analysis by efflux and the radiotracer 13N to measure cellular turnover kinetics , patterns of flux partitioning , and cytosolic pool sizes of both NO3 and NH4+ in seedling roots of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv IR72 ) , supplied simultaneously with the two N sources . We show that plasma membrane fluxes for NH4+ , cytosolic NH4+ accumulation , and NH4+ metabolism are enhanced by the presence of NO3- , whereas NO3 fluxes , accumulation , and metabolism are strongly repressed by NH4+ . However , net N acquisition and N translocation to the shoot with dual N-source provision are substantially larger than when NO3 or NH4+ is provided alone at identical N concentrations .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: A "defeated" rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| | Author: Li ZK Luo LJ Mei HW Paterson AH Zhao XH Zhong DB Wang YP Yu XQ Zhu L Tabien R Stansel JW Ying CS .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10071210 Accession (PMID): 10071210 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers . We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers . We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers . We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains ( CR4 , CXO8 , and CR6 ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) from the cross Lemont ( japonica ) x Teqing ( indica ) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers . We mapped a major gene ( Xa4 ) and ten quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs . The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus , Xa4T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8 . The breakdown of Xa4T-associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action ( lose of dominance ) and the magnitude of gene effect ( approximately 50% reduction ) . Nevertheless , Xa4T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6 . The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect , or "breakdown" , of Xa4T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness . The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs . Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo , blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross . Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains . Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs , including the residual effects of "defeated" major resistance genes .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Needs assessment following hurricane Georges--Dominican Republic , 1998 .
| | Author: . | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10072265 Accession (PMID): 10072265 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hurricane Georges struck the Carribean Islands in September 1998 , causing numerous deaths and extensive damage throughout the region . The Dominican Republic was hardest hit , with approximately 300 deaths ; extensive infrastructure damage ; and severe agricultural losses , including staple crops of rice , plantain , and cassava . Two months after the hurricane , the American Red Cross ( ARC ) was asked to provide food to an estimated 170 , 000 families affected by the storm throughout the country . To assist in directing relief efforts , CDC performed a needs assessment to estimate the food and water availability , sanitation , and medical needs of the hurricane-affected population . This report summarizes the results of that assessment , which indicate that , 2 months after the disaster , 40% of selected families had insufficient food > or =5 days per and 28% of families reported someone in need of medical attention .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Digestibility index and factors affecting rate of starch digestion in vitro in conventional food preparation .
| | Author: Urooj A Puttraj S | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10079465 Accession (PMID): 10079465 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rate of starch hydrolysis in ten cereal-based food preparations was studied using an in vitro dialysis system . The foods were incubated with human saliva and porcine pancreatin . The sugars released after 3 h digestion were expressed as digestibility index ( DI ) , the percentage starch digested was determined and correlated with the degree of gelatinization ( DG ) . Granule morphology was also investigated and related with starch availability for hydrolysis . Significant differences were observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the 10 foods ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes . DI was inversely related to the protein ( r = -0 . 79 , P < 0 . 01 ) , fat ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 05 ) and energy ( r = -0 . 61 , P < 0 . 01 ) . Percent starch digested was inversely related to the insoluble ( r = -0 . 49 , P < 0 . 05 ) and total dietary fiber ( r = -0 . 63 , P < 0 . 01 ) content of the foods . The SEM results provided a better understanding of granular morphology on cooking and the effect of protein on limiting DG . The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of the KNOX class homeobox genes Oskn2 and Oskn3 identified in a collection of cDNA libraries covering the early stages of rice embryogenesis .
| | Author: Postma-Haarsma AD Verwoert II Stronk OP Koster J Lamers GE Hoge JH Meijer AH .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080693 Accession (PMID): 10080693 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: For identification of genes involved in embryogenesis in the model cereal rice , we have constructed a collection of cDNA libraries of well-defined stages of embryo development before , during and after organ differentiation . Here , we focus on the possible role of KNOX ( maize Knotted1-like ) class homeobox genes in regulation of rice embryogenesis . Three types of KNOX clones were identified in libraries of early zygotic embryos . Two of these , Oskn2 and Oskn3 , encode newly described KNOX genes , whereas the third ( Oskn1 ) corresponds to the previously described OSH1 gene . In situ hybridizations showed that during the early stages of embryo development , all three KNOX genes are expressed in the region where the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is organizing , suggesting that these genes are involved in regulating SAM formation . Whereas OSH1 was previously proposed to function also in SAM maintenance , Oskn3 may be involved in patterning organ positions , as its expression was found to mark the boundaries of different embryonic organs following SAM formation . The expression pattern of Oskn2 suggested an additional role in scutellum and epiblast development . Transgenic expression of Oskn2 and Oskn3 in tobacco further supported their involvement in cell fate determination , like previously reported for Knotted1 and OSH1 ectopic expression . Whereas Oskn3 transformants showed the most pronounced phenotypic effects during vegetative development , Oskn2 transformants showed relatively mild alterations in the vegetative phase but a more severely affected flower morphology . The observation that the KNOX genes produce similar though distinct phenotypic reponses in tobacco , indicates that their gene products act on overlapping but different sets of target genes , or that cell-type specific factors determine their precise action .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Molecular characterization of catalytic-subunit cDNA sequences encoding protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and study of their roles in the gibberellin-dependent Osamy-c expression in rice .
| | Author: Chang M Wang B Chen X Wu R | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10080713 Accession (PMID): 10080713 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the molecular mechanism of gibberellin-dependent gene regulation , the effect of three phosphatase inhibitors on the germination of rice seeds and the expression of a target gene , the alpha-amylase gene , Osamy-c , were measured . We found that okadaic acid , microcystin-LR , and calyculin A , which are known to specifically inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases 1 and 2A , strongly inhibit the expression of the Osamy-c and may be involved in the germination of rice seeds . The protein phosphatase enzyme activity assays showed that there is no obvious effect of GA3 on total PP1/PP2A activities . To further understand the possible role of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in the GA-dependent expression of Osamy-c , we isolated cDNA clones encoding protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A from a rice aleurone cDNA library . These were designated OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac , respectively . Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac with the catalytic subunits of PP1 or PP2A of rabbit skeletal muscle , Arabidopsis thaliana , maize and Brassica napus showed that the catalytic subunit sequences of PP1 or PP2A among these organisms are highly conserved ( 73% to 90% similarity ) . Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that there are only one or two copies of OsPP1c genes and more than two copies of OsPP2Ac genes in the rice genome . Northern blot analysis showed that OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac genes are expressed in several organs of rice , including seed , shoot and root . We also showed by using 3 gene-specific probes of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac cDNA , that the expression of neither gene is regulated by GA . Taken together , our results suggest that protein phosphatases PP1 or PP2A are involved in the GA-dependent expression of the rice Osamy-c gene , though the PP1 or/and PP2A enzymatic activities as well as mRNA levels do not increase upon GA3 treatment .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the molecular mechanism of gibberellin-dependent gene regulation , the effect of three phosphatase inhibitors on the germination of rice seeds and the expression of a target gene , the alpha-amylase gene , Osamy-c , were measured . We found that okadaic acid , microcystin-LR , and calyculin A , which are known to specifically inhibit Ser/Thr phosphatases 1 and 2A , strongly inhibit the expression of the Osamy-c and may be involved in the germination of rice seeds . The protein phosphatase enzyme activity assays showed that there is no obvious effect of GA3 on total PP1/PP2A activities . To further understand the possible role of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in the GA-dependent expression of Osamy-c , we isolated cDNA clones encoding protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A from a rice aleurone cDNA library . These were designated OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac , respectively . Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac with the catalytic subunits of PP1 or PP2A of rabbit skeletal muscle , Arabidopsis thaliana , maize and Brassica napus showed that the catalytic subunit sequences of PP1 or PP2A among these organisms are highly conserved ( 73% to 90% similarity ) . Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that there are only one or two copies of OsPP1c genes and more than two copies of OsPP2Ac genes in the rice genome . Northern blot analysis showed that OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac genes are expressed in several organs of rice , including seed , shoot and root . We also showed by using 3 gene-specific probes of OsPP1c and OsPP2Ac cDNA , that the expression of neither gene is regulated by GA . Taken together , our results suggest that protein phosphatases PP1 or PP2A are involved in the GA-dependent expression of the rice Osamy-c gene , though the PP1 or/and PP2A enzymatic activities as well as mRNA levels do not increase upon GA3 treatment .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Use of urea-molasses-multinutrient block and urea-treated rice straw for improving dairy cattle productivity in Vietnam .
| | Author: Vu DD Cuong LX Dung CA Hai PH .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10081798 Accession (PMID): 10081798 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: After conducting a preliminary survey , a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of urea-molasses-multinutrient block ( UMMB ) and urea-treated rice straw ( UTRS ) as a feed supplement on the productivity of dairy cows . Sixty Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows on 11 smallholder farms were divided equally into control , UMMB and UTRS supplementation groups . Milk yield and feed intake were recorded daily . Milk fat content , body weight and body condition score ( BSC ) of each cow were determined at two week intervals . Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected once a week commencing one month after parturition . Data were recorded for date of onset of ovarian activity , estrus , insemination , and conception rate . Milk production increased by 10 . 3-11 . 9% and milk fat content increased by 3-5% , therefore , profit for farmers increased by US $0 . 55-0 . 73 per cow per day ( exchange rate US $1 = VN $11 , 000 ) . The intervals from calving to onset of ovarian activity ( 91-94 days ) , to estrus ( 110-114 days ) , to conception ( 121-122 days ) and the calving interval ( 13 . 4-13 . 6 months ) in the trial groups were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( 112 , 135 , 152 days and 14 . 4 months , respectively .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The utilization of dietary protein by Nigerian men .
| | Author: Nicol BM Phillips PG .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1009067 Accession (PMID): 1009067 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: 1 . The excretion of urinary and faecal nitrogen by young Nigerian men of a low income group was found to vary significantly between subjects , but was not significantly different in the same subject , when they were given a mixed diet composed of rice , vegetables and fish on two separate occasions . At the levels of energy and protein supplied by this diet the men gained or lost small amounts of weight , mean values indicating N equilibrium , the variation around the mean being high . 2 . The correlation between the urinary and faecal N of these men was significantly negative at and below the level of N equilibrium , becoming positive 2-3 weeks after they had consumed the above diet supplemented by 400 g of lean beef per day , and had already established considerable rates of gain in body-weight and N retention . The diets were made isoenergetic by adding the beef at the expense of cassava flour and red palm oil . 3 . The physiological processes involved in the adaptation , by young Nigerian men of low income , to a highly efficient use of low-protein diets are discussed in relation to the biological value and true digestibility of those diets , and to the safe level of protein intake and protein-energy ratios proposed by FAO/WHO ( 1973 , 1975 ) . 4 . It is concluded that the protein requirements of apparently healthy men can only be established in the context of their ecological , socio-economic and nutritional backgrounds .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Solution structure of a lipid transfer protein extracted from rice seeds .
Comparison with homologous proteins .
| | Author: Poznanski J Sodano P Suh SW Lee JY Ptak M Vovelle F | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10092854 Accession (PMID): 10092854 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy was used to determine the three dimensional structure of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein ( ns-LTP ) , a 91 amino acid residue protein belonging to the broad family of plant ns-LTP . Sequence specific assignment was obtained for all but three HN backbone 1H resonances and for more than 95% of the 1H side-chain resonances using a combination of 1H 2D NOESY ; TOCSY and COSY experiments at 293 K The structure was calculated on the basis of four disulfide bridge restraints , 1259 distance constraints derived from 1H-1H Overhauser effects , 72 phi angle restraints and 32 hydrogen-bond restraints . The final solution structure involves four helices ( H1 : Cys3-Arg18 , H2 : Ala25-Ala37 , H3 : Thr41-Ala54 and H4 : Ala66-Cys73 ) followed by a long C-terminal tail ( T ) with no observable regular structure . N-capping residues ( Thr2 , Ser24 , Thr40 ) , whose side-chain oxygen atoms are involved in hydrogen bonds with i + 3 amide proton additionally stabilize the N termini of the first three helices . The fourth helix involving Pro residues display a mixture of alpha and 3 ( 10 ) conformation . The rms deviation of 14 final structures with respect to the average structure is 1 . 14 +/- 0 . 16 A for all heavy atoms ( C , N , O and S ) and 0 . 72 +/- 0 . 01 A for the backbone atoms . The global fold of rice ns-LTP is close to the previously published structures of wheat , barley and maize ns-LTPs exhibiting nearly identical pattern of the numerous sequence specific interactions . As reported previously for different four-helix topology proteins , hydrophobic , hydrogen bonding and electrostatic mechanisms of fold stabilization were found for the rice ns-LTP . The sequential alignment of 36 ns-LTP primary structures strongly suggests that there is a uniform pattern of specific long-range interactions ( in terms of sequence ) , which stabilize the fold of all plant ns-LTPs .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Haemoglobin ( Erythrogen ) -enhanced post-thaw growth of cryopreserved cells .
| | Author: Azhakanandam K Anthony P Lowe KC Davey MR Power JB .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10092937 Accession (PMID): 10092937 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Supplementation of semi-solid R2 culture medium with a commercial bovine haemoglobin ( Hb ) solution ( Erythrogen ) at 1 : 50-1 : 500 ( v : v ) , had beneficial effects on the growth , following cryopreservation , of cells of the Indica rice , Oryza sativa cv . Pusa Basmati 1 . The mean absorbance , as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction , of rice cells at 8 d post-thawing , was increased by up to 60% ( P < 0 . 05 ) , compared to cells recovered in the absence of Hb . Erythrogen ( 1 : 50-1 : 500 v : v ) promoted an increase in biomass , of up to 25% over control ( P < 0 . 05 ) , at 24 d post-thawing . Cell suspensions , re-established by transfer to liquid medium of cells initially thawed and cultured with Erythrogen for 24 d , exhibited increased ( up to 2-fold ) growth rates over a subsequent 20-d period , compared to cells recovered without Hb .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Silencing of an aleurone-specific gene in transgenic rice is caused by a rearranged transgene .
| | Author: Morino K Olsen OA Shimamoto K | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10097385 Accession (PMID): 10097385 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In rice , silencing of the aleurone-specific Ltp2-gus transgene , causing easily detectable staining patterns on the grain surface , offers a convenient tool to study quantitative aspects of gene silencing in monocots . In this paper we analyzed phenotypes , occurrence , inheritance and environmental effects on the silencing . We also report on the cloning of transgenes , determination of their structure and analysis of transcripts from the transgene loci . The results show that various patterns of silencing appeared in the R2 generation at which most of the transgenes became homozygous and that they were inherited for five generations . In addition , silencing independently occurred in three generations and reversion to full expression was also found . Cloning of transgenes from a silenced L3 . 3 line demonstrated that this line carried two transgene loci : one carried an intact Ltp2-gus gene and the other carried a rearranged transgene in which part of the gus gene was in the antisense orientation . Analysis of gus transcripts indicated that partial antisense RNA derived from the rearranged transgene was present in silenced lines and was polyadenylated but that it was absent in non-silenced lines . RNA analyses suggested that the Ltp2-gus silencing in the aleurone layer was post-transcriptional and that it may be caused by interaction of partial antisense gus transcripts with normal sense transcripts . Possible involvement of antisense transcripts in post-transcriptional silencing is discussed .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Determination of the thermogenesis curves and studies of the thermodynamics and thermokinetics of seed germination .
| | Author: Zhou PJ Hu YC Wang CX Song ZH Wang TZ Qu SS Zhou HT Zhu YG .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10100948 Accession (PMID): 10100948 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The thermogenesis curves of the germination of different rice and tree seeds were determined and studied by using a newly constructed microcalorimeter . The thermogenesis curves of the germination of the seeds demonstrate the existence of physiological triphasic patterns , which include imbibition , activation and growth stages in the germination process . The thermodynamics and thermokinetics of the main growth phase of the growth stage in the germination process have been studied . The growth heat effect ( deltaH ) , the growth rate constant ( k ) , the growth inhibitory factor ( s ) and deceleration rate constant ( beta ) have been determined and calculated , In addition , the experimental thermokinetic equations of the growth stage in the seed germination process have been established .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Has this doctor-governor found the key to health reform? .
Interview by Berkeley Rice .
| | Author: Dean H | | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10124211 Accession (PMID): 10124211 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Under the leadership of internist Howard Dean , the nations only physician-governor , Vermont is adopting a comprehensive health-care plan that will revolutionize the way the states doctors practice medicine . As Vermont goes , so may the nation , for Dean is one of the key advisers to the Clinton administration on health-care reform . But if the Vermont plan serves as a model for the rest of the country , many doctors may find it a better pill to swallow . Among other things , it could mean that nearly all the states physicians will , in effect , participate in a state-run HMO and be subject to global fees and budgets that will also cover hospitals ( see opposite page ) . While the plans specific provisions are still being debated , Deans views have spread to other states and to the Clinton administration through his role as co-chairman of the National Governors Association task force on health care . In a recent interview with Senior Associate Editor Berkeley Rice in the governors office in Montpelier , Dean discussed Vermonts new health plan , its importance as a model for other states , and his unique perspective as physician-governor .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Pharmacoeconomics of the therapy of diarrhoeal disease .
| | Author: Nathavitharana KA Booth IW .
| | Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10150156 Accession (PMID): 10150156 | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We review the pathophysiology of intestinal water and electrolyte transport leading to diarrhoea , the currently available pharmacological strategies for its treatment , and the economic implications of such treatments . Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 . Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management . The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established . Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide . More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT . For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones . Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited . Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage . Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous . Despite the availability of a wide spectrum of pharmacological agents for diarrhoea reviewed in this article , only a few such agents are of proven clinical efficacy : corticosteroids , aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and opioid derivatives such as loperamide which may be useful in protracted diarrhoea in children and in disorders where rapid gastrointestinal transit is the main cause of diarrhoea . Opioids are not recommended for acute infective diarrhoea in childhood . Octreotide , a somatostatin analogue , is reported to be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea due to noninfective causes and in the treatment of intractable diarrhoea associated with AIDS .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: We review the pathophysiology of intestinal water and electrolyte transport leading to diarrhoea , the currently available pharmacological strategies for its treatment , and the economic implications of such treatments . Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 . Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management . The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established . Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide . More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT . For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones . Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited . Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage . Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous . Despite the availability of a wide spectrum of pharmacological agents for diarrhoea reviewed in this article , only a few such agents are of proven clinical efficacy : corticosteroids , aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and opioid derivatives such as loperamide which may be useful in protracted diarrhoea in children and in disorders where rapid gastrointestinal transit is the main cause of diarrhoea . Opioids are not recommended for acute infective diarrhoea in childhood . Octreotide , a somatostatin analogue , is reported to be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea due to noninfective causes and in the treatment of intractable diarrhoea associated with AIDS . Its high cost and need for parenteral administration prevent its wider application . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Diarrhoea occurs most frequently and is associated with highest mortality in children under 5 . Oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) is the cornerstone of its management . The safety and efficacy of ORT in the prevention of death from dehydration , both in field and also in hospital settings , are now well established . Because it is also inexpensive , ORT is widely applicable worldwide . More recently , rice-based ORT has emerged , based on well known traditional remedies for diarrhoea in southeast Asia and the Far East Rice-based ORT has the advantage of being more culturally acceptable , readily available even in rural homes in developing countries , and is more effective in reducing stool output and the duration of diarrhoea , compared with conventional glucose-electrolyte solutions such as World Health Organization ORT . For infants , the well known antidiarrhoeal properties of human milk needs emphasis for a variety of reasons including economic ones . Data concerning the economic benefits to a nations health budget as a result of nationwide implementation of oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) use are limited . Available data from individual centres in developing countries , if projected to national level , would incur considerable economic advantage . Except for a few notable infections such as shigellosis , cholera , amoebiasis and giardiasis , the widespread use of antibiotics in acute diarrhoea , still a common practice in many developing countries , has no proven value and may be detrimental The economic implications of antibiotic abuse in the treatment of diarrhoea in developing countries is enormous . Despite the availability of a wide spectrum of pharmacological agents for diarrhoea reviewed in this article , only a few such agents are of proven clinical efficacy : corticosteroids , aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and opioid derivatives such as loperamide which may be useful in protracted diarrhoea in children and in disorders where rapid gastrointestinal transit is the main cause of diarrhoea . Opioids are not recommended for acute infective diarrhoea in childhood . Octreotide , a somatostatin analogue , is reported to be useful in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea due to noninfective causes and in the treatment of intractable diarrhoea associated with AIDS . Its high cost and need for parenteral administration prevent its wider application . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )
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