Query
Condition Concatenation Type Data Entry Comparison Numerics Sentence Range Exact Match? Case Sensitive? Literatures Fields
0 && keyword XA21 > 0 sentence no no oryza body, title, abstract


285 matches found in 115 documents. Results sorted by score (hits) .
Score: 11.00
Title: A conserved threonine residue in the juxtamembrane domain of the XA21 pattern recognition receptor is critical for kinase autophosphorylation and XA21-mediated immunity .
Citation: V : 285 P : 10454-63 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20118235 Accession (PMID): 20118235
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Threonine 705 in the XA21 JM domain is essential for XA21 autophosphorylation in vitro and XA21-mediated innate immunity in vivo .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: The replacement of Thr ( 705 ) by an alanine or glutamic acid abolishes XA21 autophosphorylation and eliminates interactions between XA21 and four XA21-binding proteins in yeast and rice .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: The rice PRR XA21 recognizes the pathogen-associated molecular pattern , Ax21 ( activator of XA21-mediated immunity ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we show that the XA21 juxtamembrane ( JM ) domain is required for kinase autophosphorylation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although threonine residues analogous to Thr ( 705 ) of XA21 are present in the JM domains of most RD and non-RD plant receptor-like kinases , this residue is not required for autophosphorylation of the Arabidopsis RD RLK BRI1 ( brassinosteroid insensitive 1 ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The threonine 705 of XA21 is conserved only in the JM domains of plant RLKs but not in those of fly , human , or mouse suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms .
Score: 10.00
Title: Plasma membrane localization and potential endocytosis of constitutively expressed XA21 proteins in transgenic rice .
Citation: V : 3 P : 917-26 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20616165 Accession (PMID): 20616165
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 4.00 ]: Here , we showed that XA21 , its kinase-dead mutant XA21P ( K736EP ) , and the triple autophosphorylation mutant XA21P ( S686A/T688A/S699A ) GFP fusions were primarily localized to the plasma membrane ( PM ) when overexpressed in the intact transgenic rice cell , and also localized to the ER in the transgenic protoplast The transgenic plants constitutively expressing the wild-type XA21 or its GFP fusion displayed race-specific resistance to Xoo at the adult and seedling stages .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: XA21 and XA21P ( K736EP ) could be internalized probably via the SCAMP-positive early endosomal compartment in the protoplast , suggesting that XA21 might be endocytosed to initiate resistance responses during pathogen infection .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice pattern recognition receptor ( PRR ) XA21 confers race-specific resistance in leaf infection by bacterial blight Xathomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , and was shown to be primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) when expressed with its native promoter or overexpressed in the protoplast However , whether the protein is still ER-localization in the intact cell when overexpressed remains to be identified .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We also established a root infection system and demonstrated that XA21 also mediated race-specific resistance responses to Xoo in the root .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our current study provides an insight into the nature of the XA21-mediated resistance and a practical approach using the root cell system to further dissect the cellular signaling of the PRR during the rice-Xoo interaction .
Score: 10.00
Title: Adaptive evolution of Xa21 homologs in Gramineae .
Citation: V : 139 P : 1465-75 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22451352 Accession (PMID): 22451352
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: Therefore , we analyzed all Xa21 gene homologs in eight whole-genome sequenced rice lines , as well as in four gramineous genomes , rice , Brachypodium , sorghum and maize ; using Arabidopsis Xa21 homologs as outgroups , 17 , 7 , 7 and 3 Xa21 homologs were detected in these four grasses , respectively .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Within the rice species , the high level of nucleotide diversity between Xa21-like orthologs showed a strong association with the presence/absence haplotypes , suggesting that the genetic structure of rice lines plays an important role in the variations between these Xa21-like orthologs .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Strongly positive selection was detected in the core region of the leucine-rich repeat domains of the Xa21 subclade among the rice lines , indicating that the rapid gene diversification of Xa21 homologs may be a strategy for a given species to adapt to the changing spectrum of species-specific pathogens .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The XA21 protein has broad spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although Xa21-mediated immunity is well characterized , little is known about the origin and evolutionary history of this gene in grasses .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Synteny and phylogenetic analysis showed that frequent gene translocation , duplication and/or loss , have occurred at Xa21 homologous loci , suggesting that they have undergone or are undergoing rapid generation of copy number variations .
Score: 9.00
Title: Biochemical characterization of the kinase domain of the rice disease resistance receptor-like kinase XA21 .
Citation: V : 277 ( 23 ) P : 20264-9 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11927577 Accession (PMID): 11927577
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Moreover , the active XA21 kinase can not phosphorylate a kinase-deficient mutant of XA21 kinase .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice disease resistance gene , Xa21 , encodes a receptor kinase-like protein consisting of leucine-rich repeats in the putative extracellular domain and a serine/threonine kinase in the putative intracellular domain .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The putative XA21 kinase domain was expressed as maltose-binding and glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relative phosphorylation rate of the XA21 kinase against increasing enzyme concentrations follows a first-order rather than second-order kinetics , indicating an intramolecular phosphorylation mechanism .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enzymatic activity of the XA21 kinase in a buffer containing Mn ( 2+ ) is at least 15 times higher than that with Mg ( 2+ ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The K ( m ) and V ( max ) of XA21 kinase for ATP are 0 . 3 microm and 8 . 4 nmol/mg/min , respectively .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping reveals that multiple sites on the XA21 kinase are phosphorylated .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , our data suggest that the region of XA21 kinase corresponding to the RD kinase activation domain is not phosphorylated , revealing a distinct mode of action compared with the tomato Pto serine/threonine kinase conferring disease resistance .
Score: 9.00
Title: Rice XA21 Binding Protein 3 Is a Ubiquitin Ligase Required for Full Xa21-Mediated Disease Resistance .
Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17172358 Accession (PMID): 17172358
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: We identified XA21 binding protein 3 ( XB3 ) , an E3 ubiquitin ligase , as a substrate for the XA21 Ser and Thr kinase .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The interaction between XB3 and the kinase domain of XA21 has been shown in yeast and in vitro , and the physical association between XB3 and XA21 in vivo has also been confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation assays .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: These results indicate that Xb3 is necessary for full accumulation of the XA21 protein and for Xa21-mediated resistance .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: XA21 is a receptor-like kinase protein in rice ( Oryza sativa ) that confers gene-for-gene resistance to specific races of the causal agent of bacterial blight disease , Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: XB3 contains an ankyrin repeat domain and a RING finger motif that is sufficient for its interaction with the kinase domain of XA21 and for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , reduced levels of Xb3 lead to decreased levels of the XA21 protein .
Score: 9.00
Title: Rice XB15 , a protein phosphatase 2C , negatively regulates cell death and XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Citation: V : 6 P : e231 Year: 2008
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18817453 Accession (PMID): 18817453
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: A yeast two-hybrid screen using the intracellular portion of XA21 , including the juxtamembrane ( JM ) and kinase domain as bait , identified a protein phosphatase 2C ( PP2C ) , called XA21 binding protein 15 ( XB15 ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice ( Oryza sativa L ) XA21 receptor kinase is a key recognition and signaling determinant in the innate immune response .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The interaction of XA21 and XB15 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by glutathione-S-transferase ( GST ) pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays , respectively .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Autophosphorylated XA21 can be dephosphorylated by XB15 in a temporal and dosage-dependent manner .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A serine residue in the XA21 JM domain is required for XB15 binding .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xb15 mutants display a severe cell death phenotype , induction of pathogenesis-related genes , and enhanced XA21-mediated resistance .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overexpression of Xb15 in an XA21 rice line compromises resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results demonstrate that Xb15 encodes a PP2C that negatively regulates the XA21-mediated innate immune response .
Score: 9.00
Title: Xa21D encodes a receptor-like molecule with a leucine-rich repeat domain that determines race-specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution .
Citation: V : 10 ( 5 ) P : 765-79 Year: 1998
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9596635 Accession (PMID): 9596635
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: Analysis of the inheritance patterns and resistance spectra of transgenic plants carrying six Xa21 gene family members indicated that one member , designated Xa21D , displayed a resistance spectrum identical to that observed for Xa21 but conferred only partial resistance .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Comparison of nucleotide substitutions in the LRR coding regions of Xa21 and Xa21D provided evidence of adaptive selection .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice Xa21 gene confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae in a race-specific manner .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa21D encodes a receptor-like protein carrying leucine-rich repeat ( LRR ) motifs in the presumed extracellular domain .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Xa21D transcript terminates shortly after the stop codon introduced by the retrotransposon Retrofit .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both functional and evolutionary evidence indicates that the Xa21D LRR domain controls race-specific pathogen recognition .
Score: 8.00
Title: Genetic and physical analysis of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance locus , Xa21 .
Citation: V : 236 ( 1 ) P : 113-20 Year: 1992
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1362973 Accession (PMID): 1362973
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: One chromosome 11 marker ( RG103 ) detected polymorphism between the NILs that cosegregated with Xa21 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: All other chromosome 11 DNA markers tested were monomorphic between the NILs , localizing the Xa21 introgressed region to an 8 . 3 cM interval on chromosome 11 .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genomic sequences hybridizing with RAPD818 , RAPD248 and RG103 were duplicated specifically in the Xa21 NIL .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: All three markers cosegregated with the resistance locus , Xa21 , in a F2 population of 386 progeny .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on the frequency with which we recovered polymorphic Xa21-linked markers , we estimated the physical size of the introgressed region to be approximately 800 kb .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: This estimation was supported by physical mapping ( using pulsed field gel electrophoresis ) of the sequences hybridizing with the three Xa21-linked DNA markers .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results showed that the three Xa21-linked markers are physically close to each other , with one copy of the RAPD818 sequences located within 60 kb of RAPD248 and the other copy within 270 kb of RG103 .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: None of the enzymes tested generated a DNA fragment that hybridized with all three of the markers indicating that the introgressed region containing the resistance locus Xa21 is probably larger than 270 kb .
Score: 8.00
Title: Isolation and characterization of rice mutants compromised in Xa21-mediated resistance to X oryzae pv . oryzae .
Citation: V : 108 ( 3 ) P : 379-84 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14523518 Accession (PMID): 14523518
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: To identify genes essential for the function of the Xa21 gene , 4 , 500 IRBB21 ( Xa21 isogenic line in IR24 background ) mutants , induced by diepoxybutane and fast neutrons , were screened against Philippine race six ( PR6 ) Xoo for a change from resistance to susceptibility .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice gene , Xa21 , confers resistance to diverse races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) and encodes a receptor-like kinase with leucine-rich repeats in the extra-cellular domain .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: All fully susceptible mutants carried rearrangements at the Xa21 locus as detected by PCR and Southern hybridization .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: For the partially susceptible mutants , no changes were detected at the Xa21 locus based on Southern and PCR analyses .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , two of these mutants were confirmed via genetic analysis to have mutations at the Xa21 locus .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Partially susceptible mutants exhibited variation in level of susceptibility to different Xoo strains , suggesting that they may carry different mutations required for the Xa21-mediated resistance .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mutants identified in this study provide useful materials for dissecting the Xa21-mediated resistance pathway in rice .
Score: 8.00
Title: Analysis of T-DNA Xa21 loci and bacterial blight resistance effects of the transgene Xa21 in transgenic rice .
Citation: V : 109 ( 3 ) P : 534-42 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15088086 Accession (PMID): 15088086
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: On the basis of genetic mapping of the T-DNA Xa21 loci , the BB resistance effects of the transgene Xa21 at different chromosome locations were investigated using homozygous transgenic lines with only one copy of the transgene .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The genetic loci and phenotypic effects of the transgene Xa21 , a bacterial blight ( BB ) resistance gene cloned from rice , were investigated in transgenic rice produced through an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The flanking sequences of integrated T-DNAs were isolated from Xa21 transgenic rice lines using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on the analysis of 24 T-DNA Xa21 flanking sequences , T-DNA loci in rice could be classified into three types : the typical T-DNA integration with the definite left and right borders , the T-DNA integration linked with the adjacent vector backbone sequences and the T-DNA integration involved in a complicated recombination in the flanking sequences .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: All three types of integrated transgene Xa21 could be stably inherited and expressed the BB resistance through derived generations in their respective transgenic lines .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among the transgenic lines , no obvious position effects of the transgene Xa21 were observed .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , the BB resistance levels of the Xa21 transgenic plants with different transgene copy numbers and on different genetic backgrounds were also investigated .
Score: 8.00
Title: Elucidation of XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Citation: V : 12 P : 1017-25 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20590657 Accession (PMID): 20590657
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: In 1995 , we isolated the gene controlling this resistance and in 2009 demonstrated that XA21 recognizes a highly conserved peptide , called Ax21 ( activator of XA21-mediated immunity ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Because XA21 is representative of the large number of predicted pattern recognition receptors ( PRRs ) in rice ( n = 328 ) , Arabidopsis ( n = 35 ) and other plant species , further characterization of XA21-mediated signalling pathways will contribute to elucidation of these important defence responses .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the early 1970s , the Xa21 gene from the wild rice species Oryza longistaminata drew attention of rice breeders because of its broad-spectrum resistance to diverse strains of a serious bacterial disease of rice in Asia and Africa , called bacterial blight disease , caused by the Gram-negative bacterium , Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tyrosine sulfation of Ax21 is required for recognition by rice XA21 .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A decade of genetic , molecular and biochemical studies have uncovered key components of the XA21-mediated signalling cascade .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ax21 recognition by XA21 at the cell surface induces phosphorylation-mediated events , which are predicted to alter subcellular localization and/or DNA-binding activity of a WRKY family of transcription factors .
Score: 7.00
Title: Short communication : developmental control of Xa21-mediated disease resistance in rice .
Citation: V : 20 ( 2 ) P : 231-6 Year: 1999
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10571882 Accession (PMID): 10571882
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 3.00 ]: Expression of the Xa21 gene transcript is not correlated with expression of Xa21 disease resistance indicating that the developmental regulation of Xa21-resistance is either controlled post-transcriptionally or by other factors .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice resistance gene Xa21 confers resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The molecular genetic mechanism controlling the integration of the Xa21-mediated disease resistance response with the developmental program in rice is under study in this model system .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa21-resistance progressively increases from the susceptible juvenile leaf 2 stage through later stages , with 100% resistance at the adult leaf 9/10 stage .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found that Xa21 expression is independent of plant developmental stage , infection with Xoo , or wounding .
Score: 7.00
Title: The autophosphorylated Ser686 , Thr688 , and Ser689 residues in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of XA21 are implicated in stability control of rice receptor-like kinase .
Citation: V : 45 ( 5 ) P : 740-51 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16460508 Accession (PMID): 16460508
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Xa21 encodes a receptor-like kinase ( XA21 ) .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice gene Xa21 confers resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We demonstrate that XA21 autophosphorylates residues Ser686 , Thr688 and Ser689 in vitro .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plants carrying these same substitutions in XA21 were compromised in their resistance to the normally avirulent Xoo Philippine race 6 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additionally , we show that wild-type XA21 and the kinase-dead mutant with the invariable Lys736 residue mutated to glutamic acid were also proteolytically degraded in protein extracts .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We propose that autophosphorylation of Ser686 , Thr688 and Ser689 functions to stabilize XA21 against the developmentally controlled proteolytic activity .
Score: 7.00
Title: Ectopic expression of rice Xa21 overcomes developmentally controlled resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Citation: V : 179 P : 466-71 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21076626 Accession (PMID): 21076626
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Here we report that Xa21 is induced by Xoo infection and that ectopic expression of Xa21 confers resistance at three leaf stage ( three-week-old ) , overcoming the developmental limitation of XA21-mediated resistance .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Ectopic expression of Xa21 also up-regulates a larger set of defense-related genes as compared to Xa21 driven by the native promoter .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice PRR , XA21 , confers robust resistance at adult stages to most strains of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that altered regulation of Xa21 expression is useful for developing enhanced resistance to Xoo at multiple developmental stages .
Score: 6.00
Title: [ Accelerated improvement of bacterial blight resistance of Shuhui527 using molecular marker-assisted selection ]
Citation: V : 19 ( 2 ) P : 153-7 Year: 2003
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15966313 Accession (PMID): 15966313
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The objective of this study is to improve the BB resistance of Shuhui527 by introgressing Xa21 and Xa4 , the two broad-spectrum BB resistance genes , into Shuhui527 with IRBB60 as the donor , pTA248 and MP12 , linking tightly with Xa21 and Xa4 respectively as DNA markers .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The IRBB60 , from the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) , contains dominant genes Xa21 and Xa4 conferring resistance to BB .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: BC1 F1 progenies of ( Shuhui527 x IRBB60 ) , containing Xa21 and Xa4 identified using PCR screening and with agronomic traits including plant type , grain type and days to heading etc similar to those of Shuhui527 , were subsequently backcrossed to Shuhui527 and self-pollinated to generate BC2 F1 and BC1 F2 . The BC3 F1 and BC3 F2 were subsequently developed using the same approach .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among the 20 BC3 F2 plants , homozygous Xa21 and Xa4 , 10 plants were the most similar to Shuhui527 in the agronomic traits , and were screened using 120 pairs SSR and 100 pairs RAPD markers .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The evaluation of the polymorphisms and selection accuracies of pTA248 and MP12 demonstrated that the polymorphisms of the two markers were obvious and co-dominant and the accuracies were more than 97% and 83% respectively , indicating the two markers are good for Xa21 and Xa4 in Molecular Marker-assisted Selection .
Score: 6.00
Title: Epigenetic inheritance in rice plants .
Citation: V : 100 P : 205-17 Year: 2007
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17576658 Accession (PMID): 17576658
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: The other clone encoded an Xa21-like protein , Xa21G .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 2.00 ]: When infected with X oryzae pv . oryzae , against which Xa21 confers resistance in a gene-for-gene manner , the progeny of Line-2 were apparently resistant while the wild type was highly susceptible without Xa21G expression .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression of Xa21G was not detectable in wild type but was constitutive in Line-2 .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : These results indicated that demethylation was selective in Line-2 , and that promoter demethylation abolished the constitutive silencing of Xa21G due to hypermethylation , resulting in acquisition of disease resistance .
Score: 6.00
Title: [ Expression and autophosphorylation analysis of XA21 and PI-D2 protein kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ]
Citation: V : 47 P : 1009-12 Year: 2007
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18271255 Accession (PMID): 18271255
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Xa21 confers resistance to bacterial blight , while Pi-d2 confers resistance to rice blast Both Xa21 and Pi-d2 encode receptor kinase-like proteins .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Biochemical properties of XA21 kinase expressed in bacterial were characterized in our previous report .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , both XA21 and PI-D2 kinase domain were PCR amplified and cloned into yeast expression vector pEGH via recombinational cloning strategy , kinase proteins expressed in eukaryotic yeast system was purified and autophosphorylation assay was carried out .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results indicated that XA21 and PI-D2 protein can be detected by SDS-PAGE and showed expected molecular weight .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Autophosphorylation assay indicated that yeast expressed XA21 and PI-D2 were active when incubated with P32 labelled ATP .
Score: 6.00
Title: Dissection of the factors affecting development-controlled and race-specific disease resistance conferred by leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase-type R genes in rice .
Citation: V : P : Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19390838 Accession (PMID): 19390838
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa3/Xa26 and Xa21 , encoding leucine-rich repeat ( LRR ) -kinase type plasma membrane proteins , mediate race-specific resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , which causes bacterial blight , one of the most devastating rice diseases .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plants carrying Xa3/Xa26 and plants carrying Xa21 have different resistance spectra and the functions of the two R genes are regulated by developmental stage .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four chimeric genes encoding proteins consisting of different parts of XA3/XA26 and XA21 were constructed by domain swapping and transformed into a susceptible rice variety .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The resistance spectra and development-regulated resistance of the transgenic plants carrying Xa3/Xa26 , Xa21 , or chimeric gene to different Xoo strains were analyzed in the same genetic background .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results suggest that the gradually increased expression of Xa3/Xa26 and Xa21 plays an important role in the progressively enhanced Xoo resistance during rice development .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , the LRR domains of XA3/XA26 and XA21 are important determinants of race-specific recognition during rice-Xoo interaction , but juxtamembrane regions of the two R proteins also appear to contribute to resistance specificity .
Score: 6.00
Title: Overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP3 regulates XA21-mediated innate immunity in rice .
Citation: V : 5 P : e9262 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20174657 Accession (PMID): 20174657
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 3.00 ]: In BiP3-overexpressing rice plants , XA21-mediated immunity is compromised , XA21 stability is significantly decreased , and XA21 proteolytic cleavage is inhibited .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we report the in vivo interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) chaperone BiP3 with the rice XA21 PRR , which confers resistance to the Gram negative bacterium , Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We show that XA21 is glycosylated and is primarily localized to the ER and also to the plasma membrane ( PM ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that BiP3 regulates XA21 protein stability and processing and that this regulation is critical for resistance to Xoo .
Score: 5.00
Title: [ Generation of selectable marker-free and vector backbone sequence-free Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 22 ( 2 ) P : 204-10 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16607944 Accession (PMID): 16607944
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The dominant gene Xa21 with broad-spectrum and high resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) was transferred into C418 , an important restorer line of japonica hybrid rice in China using double right-border ( DRB ) T-DNA binary vector through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: 17 transgenic lines were Xa21-positive with high resistance to the race P6 of Xoo through PCR analysis and resistance identification , among the total 27 independent primary transformants ( T0 ) obtained .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The subsequent analysis of the T1 progenies of these 17 T0 lines through PCR-assisted selection and resistance investigation showed that four Xa21 transgenic T0 lines could produce selectable marker-free ( SMF ) progenies .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , PCR analysis also revealed these SMF progenies did not contain vector backbone sequence , and they were named as SMF and vector backbone sequence-free ( SMF-VBSF ) Xa21 transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The further molecular and phenotypic analysis of the T2 and T3 progenies testified the homozygous SMF-VBSF Xa21 transgenic plants were obtained with high resistance to Xoo .
Score: 5.00
Title: [ Advances of rice bacterial blight disease resistance gene Xa21 ]
Citation: V : 28 ( 6 ) P : 745-53 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16818441 Accession (PMID): 16818441
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The molecular mechanism of resistance and its breeding application , including biochemical properties of the kinase domain of XA21 , AvrXa21 identification , the disease resistance pathway mediated by Xa21 , and the mechanism of disease resistance were summarized .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene Xa21 is the first disease resistance gene cloned from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) , which encodes a receptor-like kinase and confers broad spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this paper , the discovery , mapping and cloning of Xa21 were reviewed briefly .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Future perspective on Xa21-related research is also discussed .
Score: 5.00
Title: An ATPase promotes autophosphorylation of the pattern recognition receptor XA21 and inhibits XA21-mediated immunity .
Citation: V : 107 P : 8029-34 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20385831 Accession (PMID): 20385831
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Here we show that the rice PRR , XA21 , interacts with XA21 binding protein 24 ( XB24 ) , a previously undescribed ATPase .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: XB24 promotes autophosphorylation of XA21 through its ATPase activity .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice lines silenced for Xb24 display enhanced XA21-mediated immunity , whereas rice lines overexpressing XB24 are compromised for immunity .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: XA21 is degraded in the presence of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Ax21 when XB24 is overexpressed .
Score: 5.00
Title: Transcriptional characteristics of Xa21-mediated defense responses in rice .
Citation: V : 53 P : 300-11 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21324061 Accession (PMID): 21324061
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cloned rice gene Xa21 confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Xoo races .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To identify genes involved in Xa21-mediated immunity , a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray of rice was used to profile the expression of rice genes between incompatible interactions and mock treatments at 0 , 4 , 8 , 24 , 72 and 120 h post inoculation ( hpi ) or between incompatible and compatible interactions at 4 hpi , respectively .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 441 differentially expressed genes , designated as XDGs ( Xa21 mediated differentially expressed genes ) , were identified .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Interestingly , most signaling and transcriptional regulator genes were downregulated at 4 and 8 hpi , suggesting that negative regulation of cellular signaling may play a role in the Xa21-mediated defense response .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of expression profiles between Xa21 and other R gene-mediated defense systems revealed interesting common responses .
Score: 5.00
Title: Cleavage and nuclear localization of the rice XA21 immune receptor .
Citation: V : 3 P : 920 Year: 2012
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22735448 Accession (PMID): 22735448
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: In vivo cleavage of XA21 and translocalization of the intracellular kinase domain to the nucleus is required for the XA21-mediated immune response .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice XA21 receptor confers broad-spectrum immunity to the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen , Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae upon recognition of a small protein , Ax21 , that is conserved in all Xanthomonas species and related genera .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we demonstrate that XA21 is cleaved to release the intracellular kinase domain and that this intracellular domain carries a functional nuclear localization sequence .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicate that the XA21 intracellular domain interacts with the OsWRKY62 transcriptional regulator exclusively in the nucleus of rice protoplasts .
Score: 4.00
Title: [ Genetic mapping of T-DNA integration sites in Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 29 ( 10 ) P : 880-6 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12561472 Accession (PMID): 12561472
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: The genetic mapping of T-DNA integration sites in Xa21 transgenic rice will benefit the study of position effect and stable inheritance of the transgene Xa21 .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the previous research we have transferred the Xa21 gene into five rice varieties of China , using Agrobacterium-mediated trasformation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , T-DNA flanking sequences of Xa21 transgenic rice lines were obtained by using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR ( TAIL-PCR ) .
Score: 4.00
Title: Cloning and characterization of receptor kinase class disease resistance gene candidates in Citrus .
Citation: V : 108 ( 1 ) P : 53-61 Year: 2003
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub13679986 Accession (PMID): 13679986
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice gene Xa21 represents a unique class of plant disease resistance ( R ) genes with distinct protein structure and broad-spectrum specificity ; few sequences or genes of this class have been cloned and characterized in other plant species .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Degenerate primers were designed from the conserved motifs in the kinase domains of Xa21 and tomato Pto , and used in PCR amplification to identify this class of resistance gene candidate ( RGC ) sequences from citrus for future evaluation of possible association with citrus canker resistance .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Twenty-nine RGC sequences highly similar to the kinase domain of Xa21 ( 55%-60% amino-acid identity ) were cloned and characterized .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A primer-walking strategy was employed to derive full-length gene structures from two BAC clones ; both sequences 17o6RLK and 26m19RLK contained all the features of the rice Xa21 protein , including a signal peptide , the same number of leucine-rich-repeats , and transmembrane and kinase domains .
Score: 4.00
Title: [ Isolation and Sequence Analysis of the Xa21 Gene Wxon II Homologus from Different Species of Wild Rice in Yunnan . ]
Citation: V : 27 ( 3 ) P : 382-286 Year: 2005
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15985401 Accession (PMID): 15985401
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Xa21 gene previously cloned from the wild rice species Oryzae longistaminata confers broad-spectrum resistance to rice leaf blight caused by different strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we attempted to determine the existence of Xa21 homologs in other wild rice species and rice cultivars and the sequence differences between the homologs .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We synthesized specific primers based on the reported Xa21 sequence to amplify homologs of the gene exon II from several rice cultivars and three wild rice species in Yunnan Province , China .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The fragments cloned from various types of O rufipogon Griff from Jinghong and Yuanjiang , Yunnan Province , were highly homologous to the reported Xa21 gene exon II .
Score: 4.00
Title: [ Application of competitive PCR for screening selectable marker-free Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 25 P : 605-10 Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19637639 Accession (PMID): 19637639
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The competitive template of Xa21 was the endogenous Xa2l homologous sequence located on chromosome 11 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Through competitive PCR analysis of transgenic T1 plants produced by double right border binary vector , false positive or false negative samples were effectively diminished , and genuine SMF Xa21 transgenic plants were obviously obtained .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparing with the conventional non-competitive PCR , competitive PCR increased the accuracy for selecting SMF Xa21 transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results of bacterial blight ( BB ) resistance tests and hygromycin B resistance assay of SMF Xa21 transgenic plants testified the reliability of this method .
Score: 4.00
Title: A type I-secreted , sulfated peptide triggers XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Citation: V : 326 P : 850-3 Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19892983 Accession (PMID): 19892983
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Using coimmunoprecipitation , we found that XA21 is required for axY ( S ) 22 binding and recognition . axY ( S ) 22 is 100% conserved in all analyzed Xanthomonas species , confirming that Ax21 is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and that XA21 is a pattern recognition receptor .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice Xa21 gene confers immunity to most strains of the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of biologically active fractions from Xoo supernatants led to the identification of a 194-amino acid protein designated Ax21 ( activator of XA21-mediated immunity ) .
Score: 4.00
Title: Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the rice response to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Citation: V : 6 P : 451-465 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20676379 Accession (PMID): 20676379
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A transgenic variety , TP309_Xa21 , expresses the pattern recognition receptor Xa21 , and is resistant .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: PXO99 big up tri , openraxST , a strain lacking the raxST gene , is able to overcome Xa21-mediated immunity .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although few mRNA and metabolite differences were detected in PXO99 challenged TP309 compared to mock , many differential changes occurred in the Xa21-mediated response to PXO99 and PXO99 big up tri , openraxST .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Significant transcriptional induction of several pathogenesis related genes in Xa21 challenged strains , as well as differential changes to GAD , PAL , ICL1 and Glutathione-S-transferase transcripts indicated limited correlation with metabolite changes under single time point global profiling conditions .
Score: 4.00
Title: [ A PCR marker-based selection for resistance to bacterial blight in rice ]
Citation: V : 23 ( 2 ) P : 110-6 Year:
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8695180 Accession (PMID): 8695180
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa21 is a newly found gene of rice which confers resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We produced two F2 populations between one resistant line IRBB21 containing Xa21 and two susceptible varieties , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cosegregation between Xa21 and PB78 was studied in the two F2 populations .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results showed that Xa21 was closely linked to the molecular marker , the crossing over value was 2 . 48% .
Score: 3.00
Title: [ Introduction of wide spectrum rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 into two-line genic male sterile rice variety Peiai 64S ]
Citation: V : 16 ( 2 ) P : 137-41 Year: 2000
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10976312 Accession (PMID): 10976312
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of two-line genic male sterile Indica rice variety Peiai 64S was conducted using a cloned gene , Xa21 , as the foreign gene and mature embryo calli as the recipients .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The PCR analysis and Southern blotting showed the integration of Xa21 gene into the genome the transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analyses of T1 plants of the tested transgenic lines showed that integrated Xa21 gene could be steadily inherited and segregated in a 3 : 1 ratio .
Score: 3.00
Title: Are the dominant and recessive plant disease resistance genes similar? A case study of rice R genes and Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae races .
Citation: V : 159 ( 2 ) P : 757-65 Year: 2001
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11606550 Accession (PMID): 11606550
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The resistance of rice to its bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) has both qualitative and quantitative components that were investigated using three near-isogenic line sets for four resistance ( R ) genes ( Xa4 , xa5 , xa13 , and Xa21 ) and 12 Xoo races .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two R genes , Xa4 and Xa21 , showed complete dominance against the avirulent Xoo races and had large residual effects against virulent ones .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: There was a strong interaction leading to increased resistance between xa13 and xa5 and between either of them and Xa4 or Xa21 , suggesting their regulatory roles in the rice defensive pathway ( s ) .
Score: 3.00
Title: [ A genetically modified japonica restorer line , C418-Xa21 , and its hybrid rice with bacterial blight resistance ]
Citation: V : 17 ( 4 ) P : 380-4 Year: 2001
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11702691 Accession (PMID): 11702691
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cloned bacterial blight ( BB ) resistance gene Xa21 was transferred into C418 , a major restorer line of japonica hybrid rice in China , using an Agrobacterium-mediated system .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The selected transgenic restorer lines were then crossed with a commonly used sterile line , TijinA , to produce Xa21 transgenic hybrid rice .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The propagation of this BB resistant hybrid variety with the transgene Xa21 with extend hybrid rice production in north China .
Score: 3.00
Title: The Xanthomonas oryzae pv . lozengeoryzae raxP and raxQ genes encode an ATP sulphurylase and adenosine-5-phosphosulphate kinase that are required for AvrXa21 avirulence activity .
Citation: V : 44 ( 1 ) P : 37-48 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11967067 Accession (PMID): 11967067
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) Philippine race 6 ( PR6 ) is unable to cause bacterial blight disease on rice lines containing the rice resistance gene Xa21 but is virulent on non-Xa21 rice lines , indicating that PR6 carries avirulence ( avrXa21 ) determinants required for recognition by XA21 .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xoo PR6 strains carrying disruptions in either gene , PR6DeltaraxP or PR6DeltaraxQ , are unable to produce APS and PAPS and are virulent on Xa21-containing rice lines .
Score: 3.00
Title: Bacterial genes involved in type I secretion and sulfation are required to elicit the rice Xa21-mediated innate immune response .
Citation: V : 17 ( 6 ) P : 593-601 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15195942 Accession (PMID): 15195942
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice Xa21 gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that provides immunity against strains of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae carrying AvrXa21 activity .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequence analysis of three naturally occurring X oryzae pv . oryzae strains no longer recognized by Xa21 revealed alterations in the raxST and raxA genes .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that bacterial type I secretion is necessary for Xa21-mediated recognition and immunity and further suggest that type I secretion and modification of pathogen-associated molecules play an important role in triggering the innate immune response in rice .
Score: 3.00
Title: RaxH/RaxR : a two-component regulatory system in Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae required for AvrXa21 activity .
Citation: V : 17 ( 6 ) P : 602-12 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15195943 Accession (PMID): 15195943
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: X oryzae pv . oryzae Philippine race 6 ( PR6 ) strains are unable to establish infection in rice lines expressing the resistance gene Xa21 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the pathogen-associated molecule that triggers the Xa21-mediated defense response ( AvrXa21 ) is unknown , six rax ( required for AvrXa21 activity ) genes encoding proteins involved in sulfur metabolism and Type I secretion were recently identified .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Null mutants of PR6 strain PXO99 that are impaired in either raxR , raxH , or both cause lesions significantly longer and grow to significantly higher levels than does the wild-type strain in Xa21-rice leaves .
Score: 3.00
Title: [ Analysis of the transgenic rice plants derived from transformed anther calli ]
Citation: V : 31 ( 12 ) P : 1381-7 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15633644 Accession (PMID): 15633644
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice calli derived from anther culture were used as recipient to transfer a rice blight resistance gene , Xa21 , into a japonica rice variety , Taipei 309 , via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: PCR , Southern blot , FISH and blight resistance analysis all indicated that Xa21 gene has been integrated into the T0 plant genomes .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chi2 test showed that two T1 populations segregated with a ratio of 3 : 1 , indicating that a single copy of Xa21 gene was integrated into the genome , whereas the segregation ratios of the other two T1 populations were non-Mendelian .
Score: 3.00
Title: Rice NRR , a negative regulator of disease resistance , interacts with Arabidopsis NPR1 and rice NH1 .
Citation: V : 43 ( 5 ) P : 623-35 Year: 2005
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16115061 Accession (PMID): 16115061
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: The fact that NRR compromises Xa21-mediated resistance indicates cross-talk or overlap between NH1 and Xa21-mediated pathways .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: When constitutively over-expressed in rice , NRR affected basal resistance , age-related resistance and Xa21-mediated resistance , causing enhanced susceptibility to Xoo .
Score: 3.00
Title: Perception of the chitin oligosaccharides contributes to disease resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in rice .
Citation: V : 64 P : 343-54 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21070413 Accession (PMID): 21070413
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The expression of either CRXa1 or CRXa3 , each of which contains the whole extracellular portion of CEBiP , the whole intracellular domain of XA21 , and the transmembrane domain from either CEBiP or XA21 , induced cell death accompanied by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species after treatment with CE .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: To enhance defense responses to CE , we constructed chimeric genes composed of CEBiP and Xa21 , which mediate resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight .
Score: 3.00
Title: Enhancement of MAMP signaling by chimeric receptors improves disease resistance in plants .
Citation: V : 6 P : 449-51 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21364321 Accession (PMID): 21364321
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: CEBiP is a receptor for the chitin elicitor ( CE ) identified in the rice plasma membrane and XA21 is a member of the receptor-like protein kinase ( RLK ) family that confers disease resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight expressing the sulfated protein Ax21 .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To improve resistance to rice blast , the most serious fungal disease of rice , we aimed to create a defense system that combines high affinity of CEBiP for CE and the ability of XA21 to confer disease resistance .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cultured rice cells expressing the chimeric receptor CRXA , which consists of CEBiP and the intracellular region of XA21 , induced cell death accompanied by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species after exposure to CE .
Score: 3.00
Title: Identification and expression analysis of components involved in rice Xa21-mediated disease resistance signalling .
Citation: V : P : Year: 2012
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22672582 Accession (PMID): 22672582
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice Xa21 gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that confers broad-spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recently , a number of genes involved in the Xa21-mediated disease resistance pathway have been identified .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using Western blotting , we systematically investigated the expression profile of the proteins in Xa21-mediated disease resistance response .
Score: 3.00
Title: A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene , Xa21 .
Citation: V : 270 ( 5243 ) P : 1804-6 Year: 1995
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8525370 Accession (PMID): 8525370
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice Xa21 gene , which confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae race 6 , was isolated by positional cloning .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fifty transgenic rice plants carrying the cloned Xa21 gene display high levels of resistance to the pathogen .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Characterization of Xa21 should facilitate understanding of plant disease resistance and lead to engineered resistance in rice .
Score: 3.00
Title: The molecular basis of disease resistance in rice .
Citation: V : 35 ( 1-2 ) P : 179-86 Year: 1997
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9291971 Accession (PMID): 9291971
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice gene Xa21 conferring resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) , was isolated using a map-based cloning strategy .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Compared with previously cloned genes , the structure of Xa21 represents a novel class of plant disease R genes encoding a putative receptor kinase ( RK ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: This article proposes a model for the mode of action of Xa21 and summarizes our current knowledge of the modular basis of resistance in rice to bacterial leaf blight and blast
Score: 2.00
Title: [ Amplification and analysis of T-DNA flanking sequences in transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 28 ( 4 ) P : 345-51 Year:
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11329876 Accession (PMID): 11329876
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR ( TAIL-PCR ) , we analyzed the flanking sequences of T-DNAs in transgenic rice plants , in which the resistance gene for rice bacterial blight disease , Xa21 , had been integrated stably .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequence analysis of 24 fragments amplified by TAIL-PCR showed that of them 14 were rice genomic DNA , 9 contained vector backbone sequences , and one was a fragment of the exogenous gene Xa21 .
Score: 2.00
Title: Marker assisted selection of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice .
Citation: V : 39 ( 7-8 ) P : 261-78 Year: 2001
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11590832 Accession (PMID): 11590832
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The basis of selection of these DNA markers was their close linkage to xa5 , xa13 , and Xa21 genes and their positions on the rice genetic map relative to bacterial blight resistance genes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Eight lines were found to contain the xa5 gene while two lines contained Xa21 gene and none of the lines contained the xa13 gene with the exception of its near-isogenic line .
Score: 2.00
Title: [ Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rice with Xa21 on rats ]
Citation: V : 33 ( 6 ) P : 710-2 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15727184 Accession (PMID): 15727184
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To observe the effects of genetically modified rice with Xa21 on the development of rat embryos .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : Compared with the non-transgenic rice , transgenic rice modified with Xa21 gene showed no significant differences in rat pregnant rate and embryo development .
Score: 2.00
Title: [ Effects of transgenes insertion on pollen vigor and hybrid seed set of rice ]
Citation: V : 16 ( 1 ) P : 115-8 Year: 2005
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15852969 Accession (PMID): 15852969
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The in vitro pollen germination rates of five transgenic rice lines transformed respectively with bar , crylAb , BADH and Xa21 gene were investigated , and compared with their relative receptor rice varieties .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Investigation on the hybrid seed set of 26 hand-crosses showed that the inserted bar or crylAb gene had a significant effect on the hybrid seed set of receptors , while the effect of Xa21 gene was smaller .
Score: 2.00
Title: From the Academy : Colloquium review . Unique characteristics of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae AvrXa21 and implications for plant innate immunity .
Citation: V : 103 ( 49 ) P : 18395-400 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17082309 Accession (PMID): 17082309
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice pathogen recognition receptor , XA21 , confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae strains producing the AvrXa21 elicitor .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa21 codes for a receptor-like kinase consisting of an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain , a transmembrane domain , and a cytoplasmic kinase domain .
Score: 2.00
Title: Adapting rice anther culture to gene transformation and RNA interference .
Citation: V : 49 ( 5 ) P : 414-28 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17172048 Accession (PMID): 17172048
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using this protocol , we obtained 145 independent green transformants from five cultivars of japonica rice by transformation with a binary vector pCXK1301 bearing the rice gene , Xa21 for resistance to bacterial blight , of which 140 were further confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis , including haploids ( 32 . 1% ) , diploids ( 62 . 1% ) and mixoploids ( 7 . 5% ) .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , by including 28 from colchicine induced or spontaneous diploidization of haploids later after transformation , a total of 43 doubled haploids ( 30 . 7% ) of Xa21 transgenic lines were obtained .
Score: 2.00
Title: Pyramiding transgenic resistance in elite indica rice cultivars against the sheath blight and bacterial blight .
Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2007
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17221225 Accession (PMID): 17221225
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Elite indica rice cultivars were cotransformed with genes expressing a rice chitinase ( chi11 ) and a thaumatin-like protein ( tlp ) conferring resistance to fungal pathogens and a serine-threonine kinase ( Xa21 ) conferring bacterial blight resistance , through particle bombardment , with a view to pyramiding sheath blight and bacterial blight resistance .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A transgenic Pusa Basmati1 line pyramided with chi11 , tlp , and Xa21 showed an enhanced resistance to both sheath blight and bacterial blight .
Score: 2.00
Title: Proteomic analysis of rice plasma membrane reveals proteins involved in early defense response to bacterial blight .
Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2007
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17407182 Accession (PMID): 17407182
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: By using an improved method of PM protein preparation and PM-bound green fluorescent protein fusion protein as a visible marker , we conducted PM proteomic analysis of the rice suspension cells expressing the disease resistance gene Xa21 , to identify PM components involved in the early defense response to bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 20 regulated protein spots were observed on 2-D gels of PM fractions at 12 and 24 h after pathogen inoculation , of which some were differentially regulated between the incompatible and compatible interactions mediated by Xa21 , with good correlation between biological repeats .
Score: 2.00
Title: The Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae PhoPQ two-component system is required for AvrXA21 activity , hrpG expression , and virulence .
Citation: V : 190 P : 2183-97 Year: 2008
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18203830 Accession (PMID): 18203830
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice pathogen recognition receptor , XA21 , confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae strains producing the type one system-secreted molecule , AvrXA21 .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Growth curve analysis revealed that AvrXA21 activity is impaired in a phoQ knockout strain as reflected by enhanced growth of this strain in rice lines carrying XA21 .
Score: 2.00
Title: Introduction of bacterial blight resistance into Triguna , a high yielding , mid-early duration rice variety .
Citation: V : 4 P : 400-7 Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19253322 Accession (PMID): 19253322
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have used molecular marker-assisted selection in a backcross breeding program to introgress three genes ( Xa21 , xa13 , and xa5 ) for BB resistance into Triguna , a mid-early duration , high yielding rice variety that is susceptible to BB .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plants containing the two-gene combination , Xa21 and xa13 , were found to exhibit excellent resistance against BB .
Score: 2.00
Title: Effective strategy for pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes into fine grain rice cultivar , Samba Mahsuri , using sequence tagged site markers .
Citation: V : 32 P : 989-96 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20349335 Accession (PMID): 20349335
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To overcome such breakdown of resistance and develop germplasm with durable disease resistance , we have introgressed three bacterial blight resistance genes , xa5 , xa13 , and Xa21 into a fine grain rice variety , Samba Mahsuri , using sequence tagged site ( STS ) markers linked to these genes .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pyramiding scheme A in which a two-gene Samba Mahsuri pyramid line containing Xa21 and xa5 genes was crossed with the Samba Mahsuri line having xa13 gene alone was found to be most effective in preventing the loss of an important recessive gene xa13 .
Score: 2.00
Title: The Arabidopsis flagellin receptor FLS2 mediates the perception of Xanthomonas Ax21 secreted peptides .
Citation: V : 108 P : 9286-91 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21576467 Accession (PMID): 21576467
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Similarly to FLS2 , the rice transmembrane protein XA21 is the receptor for the sulfated form of the Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae secreted protein Ax21 .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To identify Arabidopsis Xa21 functional homologs , we used a reverse genetics approach to screen T-DNA insertion mutants corresponding to all 47 of the Arabidopsis genes encoding non-RD kinases belonging to the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase ( IRAK ) family .
Score: 2.00
Title: High-throughput functional marker assay for detection of Xa/xa and fgr genes in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
Citation: V : P : Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21793000 Accession (PMID): 21793000
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Multiplex PCR products displayed well-differentiated allelic variants using different STS and SSR markers for identification of xa13 , Xa21 and fgr genes using the CE system compared to 1 . 2% agarose gel images .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Out of 29 genotypes in BC ( 1 ) F ( 3 ) generation , 16 plants were found homozygous for all the three genes , viz . , xa13 , Xa21 and fgr .
Score: 2.00
Title: Genetic dissection of the biotic stress response using a genome-scale gene network for rice .
Citation: V : 108 P : 18548-53 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22042862 Accession (PMID): 22042862
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using network guilt-by-association followed by focused protein-protein interaction assays , we identified and validated , in planta , two positive regulators , LOC_Os01g70580 ( now Regulator of XA21 ; ROX1 ) and LOC_Os02g21510 ( ROX2 ) , and one negative regulator , LOC_Os06g12530 ( ROX3 ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: These proteins control resistance mediated by rice XA21 , a pattern recognition receptor .
Score: 2.00
Title: Small protein-mediated quorum sensing in a gram-negative bacterium .
Citation: V : 6 P : e29192 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22174954 Accession (PMID): 22174954
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The rice XA21 pattern recognition receptor binds a type I secreted sulfated peptide , called axY ( S ) 22 , derived from the Ax21 ( activator of XA21-mediated immunity ) protein .
Score: 2.00
Title: One-step expression and tyrosine O-sulfonation of Ax21 in Escherichia coli .
Citation: V : 166 P : 1368-79 Year: 2012
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22249854 Accession (PMID): 22249854
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Ax21 ( activator of Xa21-mediated immunity ) , a pathogen-associated molecular pattern secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , can be perceived by a membrane-located pattern recognition receptor Xa21 and triggered immune responses in rice .
Score: 2.00
Title: Metaphase and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of the rice genome with bacterial artificial chromosomes .
Citation: V : 92 ( 10 ) P : 4487-91 Year: 1995
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7753830 Accession (PMID): 7753830
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: To demonstrate the application of the FISH technique in physical mapping of plant genomes , both anonymous BAC clones and clones closely linked to a rice bacterial blight-resistance locus , Xa21 , were chosen for analysis .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The physical location of Xa21 and the relationships among the linked clones were established , thus demonstrating the utility of FISH in plant genome analysis .
Score: 2.00
Title: The cloned gene , Xa21 , confers resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae isolates in transgenic plants .
Citation: V : 9 ( 9 ) P : 850-5 Year: 1996
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8969533 Accession (PMID): 8969533
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cloned rice gene , Xa21 , confers resistance to multiple pathogen isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae in transgenic plants .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The identical resistance spectrum of both lines indicates that the presence of a single member of a multigene family , Xa21 , is sufficient to confer multi-isolate resistance .
Score: 2.00
Title: Evolution of the rice Xa21 disease resistance gene family .
Citation: V : 9 ( 8 ) P : 1279-87 Year: 1997
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9286106 Accession (PMID): 9286106
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice disease resistance gene Xa21 , encoding a receptor-like kinase , is a member of a multigene family .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: A model for amplification and diversification of the Xa21 gene family is presented .
Score: 2.00
Title: Identification and characterization of 14 transposon-like elements in the noncoding regions of members of the Xa21 family of disease resistance genes in rice .
Citation: V : 258 ( 5 ) P : 449-56 Year: 1998
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9669326 Accession (PMID): 9669326
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice disease resistance gene Xa21 , which encodes a receptor-like kinase , is a member of a multigene family .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Only two elements were located in presumed coding regions , indicating that integration of transposable elements at the Xa21 disease resistance locus occurred preferentially in noncoding regions .
Score: 2.00
Title: Analysis of T-DNA Xa21 loci and bacterial blight resistance effects of the transgene Xa21 in transgenic rice .
Citation: V : 109 ( 3 ) P : 534-42 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15088086 Accession (PMID): 15088086
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Analysis of T-DNA Xa21 loci and bacterial blight resistance effects of the transgene Xa21 in transgenic rice .
Score: 2.00
Title: Rice XA21 Binding Protein 3 Is a Ubiquitin Ligase Required for Full Xa21-Mediated Disease Resistance .
Citation: V : ( ) P : Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17172358 Accession (PMID): 17172358
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice XA21 Binding Protein 3 Is a Ubiquitin Ligase Required for Full Xa21-Mediated Disease Resistance .
Score: 2.00
Title: A conserved threonine residue in the juxtamembrane domain of the XA21 pattern recognition receptor is critical for kinase autophosphorylation and XA21-mediated immunity .
Citation: V : 285 P : 10454-63 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20118235 Accession (PMID): 20118235
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: A conserved threonine residue in the juxtamembrane domain of the XA21 pattern recognition receptor is critical for kinase autophosphorylation and XA21-mediated immunity .
Score: 2.00
Title: An ATPase promotes autophosphorylation of the pattern recognition receptor XA21 and inhibits XA21-mediated immunity .
Citation: V : 107 P : 8029-34 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20385831 Accession (PMID): 20385831
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: An ATPase promotes autophosphorylation of the pattern recognition receptor XA21 and inhibits XA21-mediated immunity .
Score: 1.00
Title: Expression of a gibberellin-induced leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase in deepwater rice and its interaction with kinase-associated protein phosphatase .
Citation: V : 120 ( 2 ) P : 559-70 Year: 1999
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10364408 Accession (PMID): 10364408
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In protein-binding assays , OsKAPP interacted with a receptor-like protein kinase , RLK5 of Arabidopsis , but not with the protein kinase domains of the rice and maize receptor-like protein kinases Xa21 and ZmPK1 , respectively .
Score: 1.00
Title: Perception of brassinosteroids by the extracellular domain of the receptor kinase BRI1 .
Citation: V : 288 ( 5475 ) P : 2360-3 Year: 2000
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10875920 Accession (PMID): 10875920
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The extracellular leucine-rich repeat ( LRR ) and transmembrane domains of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase BRI1 , which is implicated in brassinosteroid signaling , were fused to the serine/threonine kinase domain of XA21 , the rice disease resistance receptor .
Score: 1.00
Title: The rice Rim2 transcript accumulates in response to Magnaporthe grisea and its predicted protein product shares similarity with TNP2-like proteins encoded by CACTA transposons .
Citation: V : 264 ( 1-2 ) P : 2-10 Year: 2000
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11016827 Accession (PMID): 11016827
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A 1 . 05-kb segment of the Rim2 sequence shows 82% nucleotide sequence identity with sequences flanking the A1 and C members of the rice Xa21 disease resistance gene family .
Score: 1.00
Title: Construction of a 1 . 2-Mb contig including the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene locus using a bacterial artificial chromosome library of Poncirus trifoliata ( L ) Raf .
Citation: V : 44 ( 3 ) P : 382-93 Year: 2001
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11444697 Accession (PMID): 11444697
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This contig contains several putative disease-resistance genes similar to the rice Xa21 gene , the tomato Cf-2 gene , and the Arabidopsis thaliana RPS2 gene .
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Genome analysis of transgenic homozygous line "Minghui 63-Xa21" ]
Citation: V : 18 ( 1 ) P : 102-5 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11977586 Accession (PMID): 11977586
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This indicated that the introduction of Xa21 into the genome of "Minghui 63" did not change these 550 genome sites and their heredity .
Score: 1.00
Title: Pyramiding transgenes for multiple resistance in rice against bacterial blight , yellow stem borer and sheath blight .
Citation: V : 106 ( 1 ) P : 1-8 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12582865 Accession (PMID): 12582865
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Xa21 gene ( resistance to bacterial blight ) , the Bt fusion gene ( for insect resistance ) and the chitinase gene ( for tolerance of sheath blight ) were combined in a single rice line by reciprocal crossing of two transgenic homozygous IR72 lines .
Score: 1.00
Title: Isolation and linkage analysis of expressed disease-resistance gene analogues of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L ) .
Citation: V : 46 ( 1 ) P : 70-82 Year: 2003
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12669798 Accession (PMID): 12669798
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among the remaining RGAs , 19 revealed similarity to the serine ( threonine ) protein kinase domain of R genes , 4 showed features related to the LRR region of the rice disease resistance gene Xa21 , 1 RGA resembled the sugar beet nematode resistance gene Hs1pro-1 , and 2 had homologies to other gene products associated with disease resistance .
Score: 1.00
Title: Cytological and molecular analysis of the Hordeum vulgare-Puccinia triticina nonhost interaction .
Citation: V : 16 ( 7 ) P : 626-33 Year: 2003
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12848428 Accession (PMID): 12848428
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Northern analysis indicated that two candidate genes , including a barley ortholog of the rice resistance gene Xa21 , are putatively involved in nonhost and non-race-specific resistance reactions .
Score: 1.00
Title: Isolation and characterization of novel defense response genes involved in compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and Magnaporthe grisea .
Citation: V : 108 ( 3 ) P : 525-34 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14605807 Accession (PMID): 14605807
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Interestingly , all but one of the identified genes are reported here for the first time to be involved in defense response to rice blast In addition , hybridization of these clones with cDNAs synthesized from RNA samples from bacterial blight-infected leaves showed that few of them are induced or repressed in Xa21 or Xa7-resistant plants , suggesting a minimum overlap of defense responses mediated by different resistance genes to fungal and bacterial pathogens at an early stage of infection .
Score: 1.00
Title: Characterisation of early transcriptional changes involving multiple signalling pathways in the Mla13 barley interaction with powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f . sp . hordei ) .
Citation: V : 218 ( 5 ) P : 803-13 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14648226 Accession (PMID): 14648226
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , bmi7 , similar to rice resistance gene Xa21 , was rapidly up-regulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions , but was then down-regulated by 5 hpi in the virulent interaction .
Score: 1.00
Title: Bacterial artificial chromosome ( BAC ) library resource for positional cloning of pest and disease resistance genes in cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) .
Citation: V : 56 ( 4 ) P : 555-61 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15630619 Accession (PMID): 15630619
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: To demonstrate the potential of the libraries , the TMS30001 library was screened by southern hybridization using a cassava analog ( CBB1 ) of the Xa21 gene from rice that maps to a region containing a QTL for resistance to CBB as probe .
Score: 1.00
Title: Plant and animal pathogen recognition receptors signal through non-RD kinases .
Citation: V : 2 ( 1 ) P : e2 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16424920 Accession (PMID): 16424920
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: PRRs commonly associate with or contain members of a monophyletic group of kinases called the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase ( IRAK ) family that include Drosophila Pelle , human IRAKs , rice XA21 and Arabidopsis FLS2 .
Score: 1.00
Title: Cloning and expression of resistance gene analogs ( RGAs ) from wild banana resistant to banana Fusarium wilt .
Citation: V : 33 P : 567-73 Year: 2007
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18349511 Accession (PMID): 18349511
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced amino acids of other four RGAs ( WST1 , WST2 , WST3 and WST4 ) all contain the serine/threonine kinase domain and WST3 encodes a polypeptide homologous to that of bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 of rice .
Score: 1.00
Title: Proteome analysis of detergent-resistant membranes ( DRMs ) associated with OsRac1-mediated innate immunity in rice .
Citation: V : 50 P : 1191-200 Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19502382 Accession (PMID): 19502382
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We identified 192 proteins in DRMs that included receptor-like kinases ( RLKs ) such as Xa21 , nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat ( NB-LRR ) -type disease resistance proteins , a glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) -anchored protein , syntaxin , NADPH oxidase , a WD-40 repeat family protein and various GTP-binding proteins .
Score: 1.00
Title: Secretion , modification , and regulation of Ax21 .
Citation: V : 14 P : 62-7 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21236725 Accession (PMID): 21236725
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have recently demonstrated that the rice XA21 receptor binds the AxY ( S ) 22 peptide corresponding to the N-terminal region of Ax21 , a type I-secreted protein that is highly conserved in all Xanthomonas species as well as in Xylella fastidiosa and the human pathogen , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia .
Score: 1.00
Title: Comparative genomics reveals diversity among xanthomonads infecting tomato and pepper .
Citation: V : 12 P : 146 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21396108 Accession (PMID): 21396108
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: A homolog to Ax21 , the elicitor of XA21-mediated resistance in rice , and a functional Ax21 sulfation system were identified in Xcv .
Score: 1.00
Title: Characteristic expression of rice pathogenesis-related proteins in rice leaves during interactions with Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Citation: V : 31 P : 895-904 Year: 2012
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22187088 Accession (PMID): 22187088
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Six out of ten PR proteins ( PR1 , PR2 , PR3 , PR4b , PR8 , and PR-pha ) showed enhanced expression in Xa21-mediated resistance responses at late stages after inoculation with Xoo .
Score: 1.00
Title: Expression of Xa1 , a bacterial blight-resistance gene in rice , is induced by bacterial inoculation .
Citation: V : 95 ( 4 ) P : 1663-8 Year: 1998
Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9465073 Accession (PMID): 9465073
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence of the Xa1 gene product contains nucleotide binding sites ( NBS ) and a new type of leucine-rich repeats ( LRR ) ; thus , Xa1 is a member of the NBS-LRR class of plant disease-resistance genes , but quite different from Xa21 , another BB-resistance gene isolated from rice .
Score: 1.00
Title: Short communication : developmental control of Xa21-mediated disease resistance in rice .
Citation: V : 20 ( 2 ) P : 231-6 Year: 1999
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10571882 Accession (PMID): 10571882
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Short communication : developmental control of Xa21-mediated disease resistance in rice .
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Introduction of wide spectrum rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 into two-line genic male sterile rice variety Peiai 64S ]
Citation: V : 16 ( 2 ) P : 137-41 Year: 2000
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10976312 Accession (PMID): 10976312
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Introduction of wide spectrum rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 into two-line genic male sterile rice variety Peiai 64S ]
Score: 1.00
Title: Biochemical characterization of the kinase domain of the rice disease resistance receptor-like kinase XA21 .
Citation: V : 277 ( 23 ) P : 20264-9 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11927577 Accession (PMID): 11927577
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Biochemical characterization of the kinase domain of the rice disease resistance receptor-like kinase XA21 .
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Genetic mapping of T-DNA integration sites in Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 29 ( 10 ) P : 880-6 Year: 2002
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12561472 Accession (PMID): 12561472
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Genetic mapping of T-DNA integration sites in Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Score: 1.00
Title: Genetic and physical analysis of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance locus , Xa21 .
Citation: V : 236 ( 1 ) P : 113-20 Year: 1992
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub1362973 Accession (PMID): 1362973
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genetic and physical analysis of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance locus , Xa21 .
Score: 1.00
Title: Isolation and characterization of rice mutants compromised in Xa21-mediated resistance to X oryzae pv . oryzae .
Citation: V : 108 ( 3 ) P : 379-84 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14523518 Accession (PMID): 14523518
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Isolation and characterization of rice mutants compromised in Xa21-mediated resistance to X oryzae pv . oryzae .
Score: 1.00
Title: Bacterial genes involved in type I secretion and sulfation are required to elicit the rice Xa21-mediated innate immune response .
Citation: V : 17 ( 6 ) P : 593-601 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15195942 Accession (PMID): 15195942
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bacterial genes involved in type I secretion and sulfation are required to elicit the rice Xa21-mediated innate immune response .
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rice with Xa21 on rats ]
Citation: V : 33 ( 6 ) P : 710-2 Year: 2004
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15727184 Accession (PMID): 15727184
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rice with Xa21 on rats ]
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Isolation and Sequence Analysis of the Xa21 Gene Wxon II Homologus from Different Species of Wild Rice in Yunnan . ]
Citation: V : 27 ( 3 ) P : 382-286 Year: 2005
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15985401 Accession (PMID): 15985401
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Isolation and Sequence Analysis of the Xa21 Gene Wxon II Homologus from Different Species of Wild Rice in Yunnan . ]
Score: 1.00
Title: The autophosphorylated Ser686 , Thr688 , and Ser689 residues in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of XA21 are implicated in stability control of rice receptor-like kinase .
Citation: V : 45 ( 5 ) P : 740-51 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16460508 Accession (PMID): 16460508
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The autophosphorylated Ser686 , Thr688 , and Ser689 residues in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of XA21 are implicated in stability control of rice receptor-like kinase .
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Generation of selectable marker-free and vector backbone sequence-free Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 22 ( 2 ) P : 204-10 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16607944 Accession (PMID): 16607944
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Generation of selectable marker-free and vector backbone sequence-free Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Advances of rice bacterial blight disease resistance gene Xa21 ]
Citation: V : 28 ( 6 ) P : 745-53 Year: 2006
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16818441 Accession (PMID): 16818441
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Advances of rice bacterial blight disease resistance gene Xa21 ]
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Expression and autophosphorylation analysis of XA21 and PI-D2 protein kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ]
Citation: V : 47 P : 1009-12 Year: 2007
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18271255 Accession (PMID): 18271255
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Expression and autophosphorylation analysis of XA21 and PI-D2 protein kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ]
Score: 1.00
Title: Rice XB15 , a protein phosphatase 2C , negatively regulates cell death and XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Citation: V : 6 P : e231 Year: 2008
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18817453 Accession (PMID): 18817453
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice XB15 , a protein phosphatase 2C , negatively regulates cell death and XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Score: 1.00
Title: [ Application of competitive PCR for screening selectable marker-free Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Citation: V : 25 P : 605-10 Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19637639 Accession (PMID): 19637639
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Application of competitive PCR for screening selectable marker-free Xa21 transgenic rice ]
Score: 1.00
Title: A type I-secreted , sulfated peptide triggers XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Citation: V : 326 P : 850-3 Year: 2009
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19892983 Accession (PMID): 19892983
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A type I-secreted , sulfated peptide triggers XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Score: 1.00
Title: Overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP3 regulates XA21-mediated innate immunity in rice .
Citation: V : 5 P : e9262 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20174657 Accession (PMID): 20174657
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP3 regulates XA21-mediated innate immunity in rice .
Score: 1.00
Title: Elucidation of XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Citation: V : 12 P : 1017-25 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20590657 Accession (PMID): 20590657
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Elucidation of XA21-mediated innate immunity .
Score: 1.00
Title: Plasma membrane localization and potential endocytosis of constitutively expressed XA21 proteins in transgenic rice .
Citation: V : 3 P : 917-26 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20616165 Accession (PMID): 20616165
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plasma membrane localization and potential endocytosis of constitutively expressed XA21 proteins in transgenic rice .
Score: 1.00
Title: Ectopic expression of rice Xa21 overcomes developmentally controlled resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Citation: V : 179 P : 466-71 Year: 2010
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21076626 Accession (PMID): 21076626
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ectopic expression of rice Xa21 overcomes developmentally controlled resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Score: 1.00
Title: Transcriptional characteristics of Xa21-mediated defense responses in rice .
Citation: V : 53 P : 300-11 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21324061 Accession (PMID): 21324061
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transcriptional characteristics of Xa21-mediated defense responses in rice .
Score: 1.00
Title: Adaptive evolution of Xa21 homologs in Gramineae .
Citation: V : 139 P : 1465-75 Year: 2011
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22451352 Accession (PMID): 22451352
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Adaptive evolution of Xa21 homologs in Gramineae .
Score: 1.00
Title: Identification and expression analysis of components involved in rice Xa21-mediated disease resistance signalling .
Citation: V : P : Year: 2012
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22672582 Accession (PMID): 22672582
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Identification and expression analysis of components involved in rice Xa21-mediated disease resistance signalling .
Score: 1.00
Title: Cleavage and nuclear localization of the rice XA21 immune receptor .
Citation: V : 3 P : 920 Year: 2012
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22735448 Accession (PMID): 22735448
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cleavage and nuclear localization of the rice XA21 immune receptor .
Score: 1.00
Title: A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene , Xa21 .
Citation: V : 270 ( 5243 ) P : 1804-6 Year: 1995
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8525370 Accession (PMID): 8525370
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene , Xa21 .
Score: 1.00
Title: The cloned gene , Xa21 , confers resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae isolates in transgenic plants .
Citation: V : 9 ( 9 ) P : 850-5 Year: 1996
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8969533 Accession (PMID): 8969533
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cloned gene , Xa21 , confers resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae isolates in transgenic plants .
Score: 1.00
Title: Evolution of the rice Xa21 disease resistance gene family .
Citation: V : 9 ( 8 ) P : 1279-87 Year: 1997
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9286106 Accession (PMID): 9286106
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evolution of the rice Xa21 disease resistance gene family .
Score: 1.00
Title: Xa21D encodes a receptor-like molecule with a leucine-rich repeat domain that determines race-specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution .
Citation: V : 10 ( 5 ) P : 765-79 Year: 1998
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9596635 Accession (PMID): 9596635
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xa21D encodes a receptor-like molecule with a leucine-rich repeat domain that determines race-specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution .
Score: 1.00
Title: Identification and characterization of 14 transposon-like elements in the noncoding regions of members of the Xa21 family of disease resistance genes in rice .
Citation: V : 258 ( 5 ) P : 449-56 Year: 1998
Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9669326 Accession (PMID): 9669326
Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Identification and characterization of 14 transposon-like elements in the noncoding regions of members of the Xa21 family of disease resistance genes in rice .

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