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Score: 18.00 |
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| Title: Dynamic analysis of QTLs on tiller number in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) with single segment substitution lines .
| | Author: Liu G Zhu H Zhang G Li L Ye G | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22350178 Accession (PMID): 22350178 | | Abstract: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study .
These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities .
Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages .
QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage .
The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development .
Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in .
For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance .
Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs .
Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor .
Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities .
This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 5.00 ]: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study . These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities . Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages . QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs . Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor . Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 4.00 ]: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study . These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities . Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages . QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs . Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor . Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study . These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities . Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages . QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs . Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor . Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study . These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities . Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages . QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs . Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor . Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study . These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities . Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages . QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs . Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor . Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Twelve single segment substitution lines ( SSSLs ) in rice , which contain quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) for tiller number detected previously , were used to study dynamic expression of the QTLs in this study . These SSSLs and their recipient , Hua-Jing-Xian 74 ( HJX74 ) , were used to produce 78 crossing combinations first , and then these combinations and their parents were grown in two planting seasons with three cropping densities . Tiller number was measured at seven developmental stages . QTL effects including main effects ( additive , dominance and epistasis ) , QTL x season and QTL x density interaction effects were analyzed at each measured stage . The additive , dominant and epistatic effects of the 12 QTLs as well as their interaction effects with the seasons and with the densities all display dynamic changes with the development . Eight QTLs are detected with significant additive effects and/or additive x season and/or additive x density interaction effects at least at one developmental stage , and all QTLs have significant dominant and epistatic effects and/or interaction effects involved in . For most of the QTLs dominant effects are much bigger than additive effects , showing overdominance . Each QTL interacts at least with eight other QTLs . Additive and dominant effects of these QTLs are mostly positive while epistatic effects are negative and minor . Most of the QTLs show significant interactions with planting seasons and cropping densities , but the additive effects of QTLs Tn3-1 and Tn3-2 , the dominant effects of QTL Tn7 and Tn8 , and the epistatic effects of 14 pairs of QTLs are stable across seasons and the dominant effect of QTL Tn3-3 and the epistatic effects of QTL pairs Tn2-1/Tn6-2 , Tn2-1/Tn9 and Tn3-3/Tn6-3 are nearly consistent across cropping densities . This paper is the first report of dynamics on dominances and epistasis of QTLs for tiller number in rice and provides abundant information , which is useful to improve rice tiller number via heterosis and/or QTL pyramiding .
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Score: 12.00 |
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| Title: The Greenhouse effect : impacts of ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) radiation , carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , and ozone ( O3 ) on vegetation .
| | Author: Krupa SV Kickert RN .
| | Journal: Environ . Pollut . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15092357 Accession (PMID): 15092357 | | Abstract: There is a fast growing and an extremely serious international scientific , public and political concern regarding mans influence on the global climate .
The decrease in stratospheric ozone ( O3 ) and the consequent possible increase in ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) is a critical issue .
In addition , tropospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , nitrous oxide ( N2O ) and methane ( CH4 ) are increasing .
These phenomena , coupled with mans use of chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) , chlorocarbons ( CCs ) , and organo-bromines ( OBs ) are considered to result in the modification of the earths O3 column and altered interactions between the stratosphere and the troposphere .
A result of such interactions could be the global warming .
As opposed to these processes , tropospheric O3 concentrations appear to be increasing in some parts of the world ( eg North America ) .
Such tropospheric increases in O3 and particulate matter may offset any predicted increases in UV-B at those locations .
Presently most general circulation models ( GCMs ) used to predict climate change are one or two-dimensional models .
Application of satisfactory three-dimensional models is limited by the available computer power .
Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations .
There is a great deal of geographic patchiness or variability in climate .
Use of global level average values fails to account for this variability .
For example , in North America : 1 . there may be a decrease in the stratospheric O3 column ( 1-3% ) ; however , there appears to be an increase in tropospheric O3 concentrations ( 1-2%/year ) to compensate up to 20-30% loss in the total O3 column ; 2 . there appears to be an increase in tropospheric CO2 , N2O and CH4 at the rate of roughly 0 . 8% , 0 . 3% and 1-2% , respectively , per year ; 3 . there is a decrease in erythemal UV-B ; and 4 . there is a cooling of tropospheric air temperature due to radiative cloud forcing .
The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions .
Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response .
There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments .
Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future .
Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) .
Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species .
However , such rankings for UV-B do not consider dose-response curves .
There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations .
Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used .
Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided .
Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades .
Experiments have been performed under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions .
Evidence is presented for various plant species in the form of relative yield increases due to CO2 enrichment .
Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species .
However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used .
Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant .
In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects .
As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions .
Thboth under controlled and field conditions .
The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time .
Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space .
Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation .
The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood .
Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) .
In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species .
This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species .
In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation .
While this is necessary , such a concern and any predictions must be tempered by the lack of sufficient knowledge .
Experiments must be designed on an integrated and realistic basis to answer the question more definitively .
This would require very close co-operation and communication among scientists from multiple disciplines .
Decision makers must realize this need .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 3.00 ]: Application of satisfactory three-dimensional models is limited by the available computer power . Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations . There is a great deal of geographic patchiness or variability in climate . Use of global level average values fails to account for this variability . For example , in North America : 1 . there may be a decrease in the stratospheric O3 column ( 1-3% ) ; however , there appears to be an increase in tropospheric O3 concentrations ( 1-2%/year ) to compensate up to 20-30% loss in the total O3 column ; 2 . there appears to be an increase in tropospheric CO2 , N2O and CH4 at the rate of roughly 0 . 8% , 0 . 3% and 1-2% , respectively , per year ; 3 . there is a decrease in erythemal UV-B ; and 4 . there is a cooling of tropospheric air temperature due to radiative cloud forcing . The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response . There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments . Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future . Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) . Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species . However , such rankings for UV-B do not consider dose-response curves . There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations . Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used . Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided . Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades . Experiments have been performed under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Evidence is presented for various plant species in the form of relative yield increases due to CO2 enrichment . Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: There is a fast growing and an extremely serious international scientific , public and political concern regarding mans influence on the global climate . The decrease in stratospheric ozone ( O3 ) and the consequent possible increase in ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) is a critical issue . In addition , tropospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , nitrous oxide ( N2O ) and methane ( CH4 ) are increasing . These phenomena , coupled with mans use of chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) , chlorocarbons ( CCs ) , and organo-bromines ( OBs ) are considered to result in the modification of the earths O3 column and altered interactions between the stratosphere and the troposphere . A result of such interactions could be the global warming . As opposed to these processes , tropospheric O3 concentrations appear to be increasing in some parts of the world ( eg North America ) . Such tropospheric increases in O3 and particulate matter may offset any predicted increases in UV-B at those locations . Presently most general circulation models ( GCMs ) used to predict climate change are one or two-dimensional models . Application of satisfactory three-dimensional models is limited by the available computer power . Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations . There is a great deal of geographic patchiness or variability in climate . Use of global level average values fails to account for this variability . For example , in North America : 1 . there may be a decrease in the stratospheric O3 column ( 1-3% ) ; however , there appears to be an increase in tropospheric O3 concentrations ( 1-2%/year ) to compensate up to 20-30% loss in the total O3 column ; 2 . there appears to be an increase in tropospheric CO2 , N2O and CH4 at the rate of roughly 0 . 8% , 0 . 3% and 1-2% , respectively , per year ; 3 . there is a decrease in erythemal UV-B ; and 4 . there is a cooling of tropospheric air temperature due to radiative cloud forcing . The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response . There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments . Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future . Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) . Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: A result of such interactions could be the global warming . As opposed to these processes , tropospheric O3 concentrations appear to be increasing in some parts of the world ( eg North America ) . Such tropospheric increases in O3 and particulate matter may offset any predicted increases in UV-B at those locations . Presently most general circulation models ( GCMs ) used to predict climate change are one or two-dimensional models . Application of satisfactory three-dimensional models is limited by the available computer power . Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations . There is a great deal of geographic patchiness or variability in climate . Use of global level average values fails to account for this variability . For example , in North America : 1 . there may be a decrease in the stratospheric O3 column ( 1-3% ) ; however , there appears to be an increase in tropospheric O3 concentrations ( 1-2%/year ) to compensate up to 20-30% loss in the total O3 column ; 2 . there appears to be an increase in tropospheric CO2 , N2O and CH4 at the rate of roughly 0 . 8% , 0 . 3% and 1-2% , respectively , per year ; 3 . there is a decrease in erythemal UV-B ; and 4 . there is a cooling of tropospheric air temperature due to radiative cloud forcing . The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response . There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments . Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future . Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) . Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species . However , such rankings for UV-B do not consider dose-response curves . There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations . Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used . Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided .
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: As opposed to these processes , tropospheric O3 concentrations appear to be increasing in some parts of the world ( eg North America ) . Such tropospheric increases in O3 and particulate matter may offset any predicted increases in UV-B at those locations . Presently most general circulation models ( GCMs ) used to predict climate change are one or two-dimensional models . Application of satisfactory three-dimensional models is limited by the available computer power . Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations . There is a great deal of geographic patchiness or variability in climate . Use of global level average values fails to account for this variability . For example , in North America : 1 . there may be a decrease in the stratospheric O3 column ( 1-3% ) ; however , there appears to be an increase in tropospheric O3 concentrations ( 1-2%/year ) to compensate up to 20-30% loss in the total O3 column ; 2 . there appears to be an increase in tropospheric CO2 , N2O and CH4 at the rate of roughly 0 . 8% , 0 . 3% and 1-2% , respectively , per year ; 3 . there is a decrease in erythemal UV-B ; and 4 . there is a cooling of tropospheric air temperature due to radiative cloud forcing . The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response . There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments . Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future . Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) . Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species . However , such rankings for UV-B do not consider dose-response curves . There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations . Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used . Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided . Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades .
[ Sen. 24, subscore: 1.00 ]: Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response . There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments . Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future . Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) . Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species . However , such rankings for UV-B do not consider dose-response curves . There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations . Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used . Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided . Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades . Experiments have been performed under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Evidence is presented for various plant species in the form of relative yield increases due to CO2 enrichment . Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species . However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used . Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant . In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects . As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . Thboth under controlled and field conditions . The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time .
[ Sen. 30, subscore: 1.00 ]: There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations . Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used . Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided . Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades . Experiments have been performed under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Evidence is presented for various plant species in the form of relative yield increases due to CO2 enrichment . Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species . However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used . Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant . In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects . As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . Thboth under controlled and field conditions . The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time . Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space . Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation . The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood . Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) . In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species . This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species .
[ Sen. 31, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used . Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided . Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades . Experiments have been performed under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions . Evidence is presented for various plant species in the form of relative yield increases due to CO2 enrichment . Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species . However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used . Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant . In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects . As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . Thboth under controlled and field conditions . The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time . Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space . Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation . The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood . Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) . In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species . This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species . In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation .
[ Sen. 36, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species . However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used . Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant . In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects . As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . Thboth under controlled and field conditions . The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time . Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space . Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation . The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood . Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) . In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species . This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species . In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation . While this is necessary , such a concern and any predictions must be tempered by the lack of sufficient knowledge . Experiments must be designed on an integrated and realistic basis to answer the question more definitively . This would require very close co-operation and communication among scientists from multiple disciplines . Decision makers must realize this need .
[ Sen. 37, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used . Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant . In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects . As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . Thboth under controlled and field conditions . The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time . Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space . Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation . The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood . Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) . In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species . This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species . In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation . While this is necessary , such a concern and any predictions must be tempered by the lack of sufficient knowledge . Experiments must be designed on an integrated and realistic basis to answer the question more definitively . This would require very close co-operation and communication among scientists from multiple disciplines . Decision makers must realize this need .
[ Sen. 40, subscore: 1.00 ]: As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions . Thboth under controlled and field conditions . The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time . Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space . Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation . The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood . Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) . In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species . This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species . In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation . While this is necessary , such a concern and any predictions must be tempered by the lack of sufficient knowledge . Experiments must be designed on an integrated and realistic basis to answer the question more definitively . This would require very close co-operation and communication among scientists from multiple disciplines . Decision makers must realize this need .
| |
Score: 10.00 |
|---|
| Title: How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?
Small causes with big effects .
| | Author: Wissuwa M | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14605228 Accession (PMID): 14605228 | | Abstract: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) .
Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth .
It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake .
For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions .
Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake .
Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three .
That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency .
However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake .
The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size .
These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms .
Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms . Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms . Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 2.00 ]: Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms . Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms . Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms . Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) . Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth . It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake . For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions . Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake . Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three . That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency . However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake . The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size . These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms . Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects .
| |
Score: 9.00 |
|---|
| Title: Nursing interventions for smoking cessation .
| | Author: Rice VH Stead LF | | Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18253987 Accession (PMID): 18253987 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Healthcare professionals , including nurses , frequently advise patients to improve their health by stopping smoking .
Such advice may be brief , or part of more intensive interventions .
OBJECTIVES : To determine the effectiveness of nursing-delivered smoking cessation interventions .
SEARCH STRATEGY : We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register and CINAHL in July 2007 .
SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomized trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered by nurses or health visitors with follow up of at least six months .
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two authors extracted data independently .
The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow up .
We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available .
Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) .
MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria .
Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) .
There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect .
In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) .
There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions .
Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit .
Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components .
Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions .
AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective .
The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation .
The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 2.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : To determine the effectiveness of nursing-delivered smoking cessation interventions . SEARCH STRATEGY : We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register and CINAHL in July 2007 . SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomized trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered by nurses or health visitors with follow up of at least six months . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two authors extracted data independently . The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow up . We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available . Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective . The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation . The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Healthcare professionals , including nurses , frequently advise patients to improve their health by stopping smoking . Such advice may be brief , or part of more intensive interventions . OBJECTIVES : To determine the effectiveness of nursing-delivered smoking cessation interventions . SEARCH STRATEGY : We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register and CINAHL in July 2007 . SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomized trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered by nurses or health visitors with follow up of at least six months . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two authors extracted data independently . The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow up . We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available . Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Healthcare professionals , including nurses , frequently advise patients to improve their health by stopping smoking . Such advice may be brief , or part of more intensive interventions . OBJECTIVES : To determine the effectiveness of nursing-delivered smoking cessation interventions . SEARCH STRATEGY : We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register and CINAHL in July 2007 . SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomized trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered by nurses or health visitors with follow up of at least six months . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two authors extracted data independently . The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow up . We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available . Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: SEARCH STRATEGY : We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register and CINAHL in July 2007 . SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomized trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered by nurses or health visitors with follow up of at least six months . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two authors extracted data independently . The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow up . We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available . Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective . The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation . The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomized trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered by nurses or health visitors with follow up of at least six months . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two authors extracted data independently . The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow up . We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available . Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective . The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation . The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial , and biochemically validated rates if available . Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective . The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation . The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Where statistically and clinically appropriate , we pooled studies using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect model and reported the outcome as a risk ratio ( RR ) with 95% confidence interval ( CI ) . MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective . The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation . The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
[ Sen. 19, subscore: 1.00 ]: MAIN RESULTS : Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria . Thirty-one studies comparing a nursing intervention to a control or to usual care found the intervention to significantly increase the likelihood of quitting ( RR 1 . 28 , 95% CI 1 . 18 to 1 . 38 ) . There was heterogeneity among the study results , but pooling using a random effects model did not alter the estimate of a statistically significant effect . In a subgroup analysis there was weaker evidence that lower intensity interventions were effective ( RR 1 . 27 , 95% CI 0 . 99 to 1 . 62 ) . There was limited indirect evidence that interventions were more effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for inpatients with other conditions . Interventions in non-hospitalized patients also showed evidence of benefit . Nine studies comparing different nurse-delivered interventions failed to detect significant benefit from using additional components . Five studies of nurse counselling on smoking cessation during a screening health check , or as part of multifactorial secondary prevention in general practice ( not included in the main meta-analysis ) found nursing intervention to have less effect under these conditions . AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate the potential benefits of smoking cessation advice and/or counselling given by nurses to patients , with reasonable evidence that intervention is effective . The evidence of an effect is weaker when interventions are brief and are provided by nurses whose main role is not health promotion or smoking cessation . The challenge will be to incorporate smoking behaviour monitoring and smoking cessation interventions as part of standard practice , so that all patients are given an opportunity to be asked about their tobacco use and to be given advice and/or counselling to quit along with reinforcement and follow up .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Dietary animal and plant protein and human bone health : a whole foods approach .
| | Author: Massey LK .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12612170 Accession (PMID): 12612170 | | Abstract: Urinary calcium excretion is strongly related to net renal acid excretion .
The catabolism of dietary protein generates ammonium ion and sulfates from sulfur-containing amino acids .
Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases .
Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish .
Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium .
The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source .
For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein .
Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium .
The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein .
Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health .
Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium .
"Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Urinary calcium excretion is strongly related to net renal acid excretion . The catabolism of dietary protein generates ammonium ion and sulfates from sulfur-containing amino acids . Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases . Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish . Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium . The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source . For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein . Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium . The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein . Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health . Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium . "Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Urinary calcium excretion is strongly related to net renal acid excretion . The catabolism of dietary protein generates ammonium ion and sulfates from sulfur-containing amino acids . Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases . Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish . Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium . The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source . For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein . Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium . The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein . Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health . Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium . "Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Urinary calcium excretion is strongly related to net renal acid excretion . The catabolism of dietary protein generates ammonium ion and sulfates from sulfur-containing amino acids . Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases . Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish . Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium . The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source . For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein . Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium . The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein . Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health . Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium . "Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The catabolism of dietary protein generates ammonium ion and sulfates from sulfur-containing amino acids . Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases . Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish . Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium . The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source . For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein . Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium . The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein . Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health . Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium . "Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases . Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish . Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium . The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source . For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein . Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium . The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein . Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health . Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium . "Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Cytokinin inhibits lateral root initiation but stimulates lateral root elongation in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
| | Author: Rani Debi B Taketa S Ichii M | | Journal: J Plant Physiol .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15940868 Accession (PMID): 15940868 | | Abstract: Research in lateral root ( LR ) development mainly focuses on the role of auxin .
This article reports the effect of cytokinins ( kinetin and trans-zeatin ) on LR formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
Our results showed that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on LR initiation and stimulatory effect on LR elongation .
Both KIN and ZEA at a concentration of 1 microM and above completely inhibited lateral root primordium ( LRP ) formation .
The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on LR initiation required a continuous presence of KIN or ZEA in the growth solution .
Cytokinin did not show any inhibitory effect on LR emergence from the seminal root once LRPs had been formed .
The LRPs that developed in cytokinin-free solution can emerge normally in the solution containing inhibitory concentration ( 1 microM ) of KIN and ZEA .
The KIN and ZEA treatment dramatically stimulated LR elongation at all the concentrations tested .
Maximum LR elongation was observed at a concentration of 0 . 01 microM KIN and 0 . 001 microM ZEA .
The epidermal cell length increased significantly in LRs of cytokinin treated seedlings compared to those of untreated control .
This result indicates that the stimulation of LR elongation by cytokinin is due to increased cell length .
Exogenously applied auxin counteracted the effect of cytokinin on LR initiation and LR elongation , suggesting that cytokinin acts on LR elongation through an auxin dependent pathway . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Research in lateral root ( LR ) development mainly focuses on the role of auxin . This article reports the effect of cytokinins ( kinetin and trans-zeatin ) on LR formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) . Our results showed that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on LR initiation and stimulatory effect on LR elongation . Both KIN and ZEA at a concentration of 1 microM and above completely inhibited lateral root primordium ( LRP ) formation . The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on LR initiation required a continuous presence of KIN or ZEA in the growth solution . Cytokinin did not show any inhibitory effect on LR emergence from the seminal root once LRPs had been formed . The LRPs that developed in cytokinin-free solution can emerge normally in the solution containing inhibitory concentration ( 1 microM ) of KIN and ZEA . The KIN and ZEA treatment dramatically stimulated LR elongation at all the concentrations tested . Maximum LR elongation was observed at a concentration of 0 . 01 microM KIN and 0 . 001 microM ZEA . The epidermal cell length increased significantly in LRs of cytokinin treated seedlings compared to those of untreated control . This result indicates that the stimulation of LR elongation by cytokinin is due to increased cell length . Exogenously applied auxin counteracted the effect of cytokinin on LR initiation and LR elongation , suggesting that cytokinin acts on LR elongation through an auxin dependent pathway .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Research in lateral root ( LR ) development mainly focuses on the role of auxin . This article reports the effect of cytokinins ( kinetin and trans-zeatin ) on LR formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) . Our results showed that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on LR initiation and stimulatory effect on LR elongation . Both KIN and ZEA at a concentration of 1 microM and above completely inhibited lateral root primordium ( LRP ) formation . The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on LR initiation required a continuous presence of KIN or ZEA in the growth solution . Cytokinin did not show any inhibitory effect on LR emergence from the seminal root once LRPs had been formed . The LRPs that developed in cytokinin-free solution can emerge normally in the solution containing inhibitory concentration ( 1 microM ) of KIN and ZEA . The KIN and ZEA treatment dramatically stimulated LR elongation at all the concentrations tested . Maximum LR elongation was observed at a concentration of 0 . 01 microM KIN and 0 . 001 microM ZEA . The epidermal cell length increased significantly in LRs of cytokinin treated seedlings compared to those of untreated control . This result indicates that the stimulation of LR elongation by cytokinin is due to increased cell length .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Research in lateral root ( LR ) development mainly focuses on the role of auxin . This article reports the effect of cytokinins ( kinetin and trans-zeatin ) on LR formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) . Our results showed that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on LR initiation and stimulatory effect on LR elongation . Both KIN and ZEA at a concentration of 1 microM and above completely inhibited lateral root primordium ( LRP ) formation . The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on LR initiation required a continuous presence of KIN or ZEA in the growth solution . Cytokinin did not show any inhibitory effect on LR emergence from the seminal root once LRPs had been formed . The LRPs that developed in cytokinin-free solution can emerge normally in the solution containing inhibitory concentration ( 1 microM ) of KIN and ZEA . The KIN and ZEA treatment dramatically stimulated LR elongation at all the concentrations tested . Maximum LR elongation was observed at a concentration of 0 . 01 microM KIN and 0 . 001 microM ZEA . The epidermal cell length increased significantly in LRs of cytokinin treated seedlings compared to those of untreated control . This result indicates that the stimulation of LR elongation by cytokinin is due to increased cell length . Exogenously applied auxin counteracted the effect of cytokinin on LR initiation and LR elongation , suggesting that cytokinin acts on LR elongation through an auxin dependent pathway .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Research in lateral root ( LR ) development mainly focuses on the role of auxin . This article reports the effect of cytokinins ( kinetin and trans-zeatin ) on LR formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) . Our results showed that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on LR initiation and stimulatory effect on LR elongation . Both KIN and ZEA at a concentration of 1 microM and above completely inhibited lateral root primordium ( LRP ) formation . The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on LR initiation required a continuous presence of KIN or ZEA in the growth solution . Cytokinin did not show any inhibitory effect on LR emergence from the seminal root once LRPs had been formed . The LRPs that developed in cytokinin-free solution can emerge normally in the solution containing inhibitory concentration ( 1 microM ) of KIN and ZEA . The KIN and ZEA treatment dramatically stimulated LR elongation at all the concentrations tested . Maximum LR elongation was observed at a concentration of 0 . 01 microM KIN and 0 . 001 microM ZEA . The epidermal cell length increased significantly in LRs of cytokinin treated seedlings compared to those of untreated control . This result indicates that the stimulation of LR elongation by cytokinin is due to increased cell length . Exogenously applied auxin counteracted the effect of cytokinin on LR initiation and LR elongation , suggesting that cytokinin acts on LR elongation through an auxin dependent pathway .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our results showed that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on LR initiation and stimulatory effect on LR elongation . Both KIN and ZEA at a concentration of 1 microM and above completely inhibited lateral root primordium ( LRP ) formation . The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on LR initiation required a continuous presence of KIN or ZEA in the growth solution . Cytokinin did not show any inhibitory effect on LR emergence from the seminal root once LRPs had been formed . The LRPs that developed in cytokinin-free solution can emerge normally in the solution containing inhibitory concentration ( 1 microM ) of KIN and ZEA . The KIN and ZEA treatment dramatically stimulated LR elongation at all the concentrations tested . Maximum LR elongation was observed at a concentration of 0 . 01 microM KIN and 0 . 001 microM ZEA . The epidermal cell length increased significantly in LRs of cytokinin treated seedlings compared to those of untreated control . This result indicates that the stimulation of LR elongation by cytokinin is due to increased cell length . Exogenously applied auxin counteracted the effect of cytokinin on LR initiation and LR elongation , suggesting that cytokinin acts on LR elongation through an auxin dependent pathway .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Gene actions at loci underlying several quantitative traits in two elite rice hybrids .
| | Author: Li L Lu K Chen Z Mou T Hu Z Li X | | Journal: Mol Genet Genomics Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20862496 Accession (PMID): 20862496 | | Abstract: To understand the gene activities controlling nine important agronomic quantitative traits in rice , we applied a North Carolina design 3 ( NC III design ) analysis to recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) in highly heterotic inter ( IJ ) and intra-subspecific ( II ) hybrids by performing the following tasks : ( 1 ) investigating the relative contribution of additive , dominant , and epistatic effects for performance traits by generation means analysis and variance component estimates ; ( 2 ) detecting the number , genomic positions , and genetic effects of QTL for phenotypic traits ; and ( 3 ) characterizing their mode of gene action .
Under an Finfinity-metric , generation means analysis and variance components estimates revealed that epistatic effects prevailed for the majority of traits in the two hybrids .
QTL analysis identified 48 and 66 main-effect QTL ( M-QTL ) for nine traits in IJ and II hybrids , respectively .
In IJ hybrids , 20 QTL ( 41 . 7% ) showed an additive effect of gene actions , 20 ( 41 . 7% ) showed partial-to-complete dominance , and 8 ( 16 . 7% ) showed overdominance .
In II hybrids , 34 QTL ( 51 . 5% ) exhibited additive effects , 14 ( 21 . 2% ) partial-to-complete dominance , and 18 ( 27 . 3% ) overdominance .
There were 153 digenic interactions ( E-QTL ) in the IJ hybrid and 252 in the II hybrid .
These results suggest that additive effects , dominance , overdominance , and particularly epistasis attribute to the genetic basis of the expression of traits in the two hybrids .
Additionally , we determined that the genetic causes of phenotypic traits and their heterosis are different .
In the plants we studied , the phenotypic traits investigated and their heterosis were conditioned by different M-QTL and E-QTL , respectively , and were mainly due to non-allelic interactions ( epistasis ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: To understand the gene activities controlling nine important agronomic quantitative traits in rice , we applied a North Carolina design 3 ( NC III design ) analysis to recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) in highly heterotic inter ( IJ ) and intra-subspecific ( II ) hybrids by performing the following tasks : ( 1 ) investigating the relative contribution of additive , dominant , and epistatic effects for performance traits by generation means analysis and variance component estimates ; ( 2 ) detecting the number , genomic positions , and genetic effects of QTL for phenotypic traits ; and ( 3 ) characterizing their mode of gene action . Under an Finfinity-metric , generation means analysis and variance components estimates revealed that epistatic effects prevailed for the majority of traits in the two hybrids . QTL analysis identified 48 and 66 main-effect QTL ( M-QTL ) for nine traits in IJ and II hybrids , respectively . In IJ hybrids , 20 QTL ( 41 . 7% ) showed an additive effect of gene actions , 20 ( 41 . 7% ) showed partial-to-complete dominance , and 8 ( 16 . 7% ) showed overdominance . In II hybrids , 34 QTL ( 51 . 5% ) exhibited additive effects , 14 ( 21 . 2% ) partial-to-complete dominance , and 18 ( 27 . 3% ) overdominance . There were 153 digenic interactions ( E-QTL ) in the IJ hybrid and 252 in the II hybrid . These results suggest that additive effects , dominance , overdominance , and particularly epistasis attribute to the genetic basis of the expression of traits in the two hybrids . Additionally , we determined that the genetic causes of phenotypic traits and their heterosis are different . In the plants we studied , the phenotypic traits investigated and their heterosis were conditioned by different M-QTL and E-QTL , respectively , and were mainly due to non-allelic interactions ( epistasis ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the gene activities controlling nine important agronomic quantitative traits in rice , we applied a North Carolina design 3 ( NC III design ) analysis to recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) in highly heterotic inter ( IJ ) and intra-subspecific ( II ) hybrids by performing the following tasks : ( 1 ) investigating the relative contribution of additive , dominant , and epistatic effects for performance traits by generation means analysis and variance component estimates ; ( 2 ) detecting the number , genomic positions , and genetic effects of QTL for phenotypic traits ; and ( 3 ) characterizing their mode of gene action . Under an Finfinity-metric , generation means analysis and variance components estimates revealed that epistatic effects prevailed for the majority of traits in the two hybrids . QTL analysis identified 48 and 66 main-effect QTL ( M-QTL ) for nine traits in IJ and II hybrids , respectively . In IJ hybrids , 20 QTL ( 41 . 7% ) showed an additive effect of gene actions , 20 ( 41 . 7% ) showed partial-to-complete dominance , and 8 ( 16 . 7% ) showed overdominance . In II hybrids , 34 QTL ( 51 . 5% ) exhibited additive effects , 14 ( 21 . 2% ) partial-to-complete dominance , and 18 ( 27 . 3% ) overdominance . There were 153 digenic interactions ( E-QTL ) in the IJ hybrid and 252 in the II hybrid . These results suggest that additive effects , dominance , overdominance , and particularly epistasis attribute to the genetic basis of the expression of traits in the two hybrids . Additionally , we determined that the genetic causes of phenotypic traits and their heterosis are different . In the plants we studied , the phenotypic traits investigated and their heterosis were conditioned by different M-QTL and E-QTL , respectively , and were mainly due to non-allelic interactions ( epistasis ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the gene activities controlling nine important agronomic quantitative traits in rice , we applied a North Carolina design 3 ( NC III design ) analysis to recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) in highly heterotic inter ( IJ ) and intra-subspecific ( II ) hybrids by performing the following tasks : ( 1 ) investigating the relative contribution of additive , dominant , and epistatic effects for performance traits by generation means analysis and variance component estimates ; ( 2 ) detecting the number , genomic positions , and genetic effects of QTL for phenotypic traits ; and ( 3 ) characterizing their mode of gene action . Under an Finfinity-metric , generation means analysis and variance components estimates revealed that epistatic effects prevailed for the majority of traits in the two hybrids . QTL analysis identified 48 and 66 main-effect QTL ( M-QTL ) for nine traits in IJ and II hybrids , respectively . In IJ hybrids , 20 QTL ( 41 . 7% ) showed an additive effect of gene actions , 20 ( 41 . 7% ) showed partial-to-complete dominance , and 8 ( 16 . 7% ) showed overdominance . In II hybrids , 34 QTL ( 51 . 5% ) exhibited additive effects , 14 ( 21 . 2% ) partial-to-complete dominance , and 18 ( 27 . 3% ) overdominance . There were 153 digenic interactions ( E-QTL ) in the IJ hybrid and 252 in the II hybrid . These results suggest that additive effects , dominance , overdominance , and particularly epistasis attribute to the genetic basis of the expression of traits in the two hybrids . Additionally , we determined that the genetic causes of phenotypic traits and their heterosis are different . In the plants we studied , the phenotypic traits investigated and their heterosis were conditioned by different M-QTL and E-QTL , respectively , and were mainly due to non-allelic interactions ( epistasis ) .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the gene activities controlling nine important agronomic quantitative traits in rice , we applied a North Carolina design 3 ( NC III design ) analysis to recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) in highly heterotic inter ( IJ ) and intra-subspecific ( II ) hybrids by performing the following tasks : ( 1 ) investigating the relative contribution of additive , dominant , and epistatic effects for performance traits by generation means analysis and variance component estimates ; ( 2 ) detecting the number , genomic positions , and genetic effects of QTL for phenotypic traits ; and ( 3 ) characterizing their mode of gene action . Under an Finfinity-metric , generation means analysis and variance components estimates revealed that epistatic effects prevailed for the majority of traits in the two hybrids . QTL analysis identified 48 and 66 main-effect QTL ( M-QTL ) for nine traits in IJ and II hybrids , respectively . In IJ hybrids , 20 QTL ( 41 . 7% ) showed an additive effect of gene actions , 20 ( 41 . 7% ) showed partial-to-complete dominance , and 8 ( 16 . 7% ) showed overdominance . In II hybrids , 34 QTL ( 51 . 5% ) exhibited additive effects , 14 ( 21 . 2% ) partial-to-complete dominance , and 18 ( 27 . 3% ) overdominance . There were 153 digenic interactions ( E-QTL ) in the IJ hybrid and 252 in the II hybrid . These results suggest that additive effects , dominance , overdominance , and particularly epistasis attribute to the genetic basis of the expression of traits in the two hybrids . Additionally , we determined that the genetic causes of phenotypic traits and their heterosis are different . In the plants we studied , the phenotypic traits investigated and their heterosis were conditioned by different M-QTL and E-QTL , respectively , and were mainly due to non-allelic interactions ( epistasis ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: To understand the gene activities controlling nine important agronomic quantitative traits in rice , we applied a North Carolina design 3 ( NC III design ) analysis to recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) in highly heterotic inter ( IJ ) and intra-subspecific ( II ) hybrids by performing the following tasks : ( 1 ) investigating the relative contribution of additive , dominant , and epistatic effects for performance traits by generation means analysis and variance component estimates ; ( 2 ) detecting the number , genomic positions , and genetic effects of QTL for phenotypic traits ; and ( 3 ) characterizing their mode of gene action . Under an Finfinity-metric , generation means analysis and variance components estimates revealed that epistatic effects prevailed for the majority of traits in the two hybrids . QTL analysis identified 48 and 66 main-effect QTL ( M-QTL ) for nine traits in IJ and II hybrids , respectively . In IJ hybrids , 20 QTL ( 41 . 7% ) showed an additive effect of gene actions , 20 ( 41 . 7% ) showed partial-to-complete dominance , and 8 ( 16 . 7% ) showed overdominance . In II hybrids , 34 QTL ( 51 . 5% ) exhibited additive effects , 14 ( 21 . 2% ) partial-to-complete dominance , and 18 ( 27 . 3% ) overdominance . There were 153 digenic interactions ( E-QTL ) in the IJ hybrid and 252 in the II hybrid . These results suggest that additive effects , dominance , overdominance , and particularly epistasis attribute to the genetic basis of the expression of traits in the two hybrids . Additionally , we determined that the genetic causes of phenotypic traits and their heterosis are different . In the plants we studied , the phenotypic traits investigated and their heterosis were conditioned by different M-QTL and E-QTL , respectively , and were mainly due to non-allelic interactions ( epistasis ) .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Addition of methionine to rice protein affects hepatic cholesterol output inducing hypocholesterolemia in rats fed cholesterol-free diets .
| | Author: Yang L Kadowaki M | | Journal: J Med Food Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21434776 Accession (PMID): 21434776 | | Abstract: To elucidate whether a low methionine ( Met ) /glycine ( Gly ) ratio is responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice protein ( RP ) , the effects of adding Met to RP , increasing its Met/Gly ratio , on hepatic cholesterol output was investigated in rats fed cholesterol-free diets .
The hepatic secretion of cholesterol into bile or circulation was measured from isolated perfused livers of 7-week-old male Wistar rats fed RP ( cultivar Koshihikari ) with a lower Met/Gly ratio and methionine-supplemented RP with a higher Met/Gly ratio ( RP-M ) matched with casein ( CAS ) .
RP-M produced a significant hypocholesterolemic effect , whereas the effect of RP on plasma cholesterol level was comparable to that of CAS .
Hepatic accumulation of total lipids , cholesterol , and phospholipids was higher in RP-M rats than in RP rats , again following a pattern similar to that in CAS rats .
The hepatic total and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) -cholesterol secretions into circulation were effectively decreased by RP , but not by RP-M Bile flow and biliary outputs of bile acids , cholesterol , and phospholipids were significantly stimulated by RP-M , causing an increase in fecal sterol excretion compared with CAS and RP .
Neither biliary output nor fecal excretion of bile acids was affected by RP compared with CAS .
The present results demonstrate that the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of RP can not be merely ascribed to the low Met/Gly ratio of RP in growing rats fed cholesterol-free diets .
Results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic response induced by RP-M with a higher Met/Gly ratio primarily contributes to the stimulation of hepatic cholesterol for elimination via biliary secretion rather than the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol release via VLDL into circulation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: To elucidate whether a low methionine ( Met ) /glycine ( Gly ) ratio is responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice protein ( RP ) , the effects of adding Met to RP , increasing its Met/Gly ratio , on hepatic cholesterol output was investigated in rats fed cholesterol-free diets . The hepatic secretion of cholesterol into bile or circulation was measured from isolated perfused livers of 7-week-old male Wistar rats fed RP ( cultivar Koshihikari ) with a lower Met/Gly ratio and methionine-supplemented RP with a higher Met/Gly ratio ( RP-M ) matched with casein ( CAS ) . RP-M produced a significant hypocholesterolemic effect , whereas the effect of RP on plasma cholesterol level was comparable to that of CAS . Hepatic accumulation of total lipids , cholesterol , and phospholipids was higher in RP-M rats than in RP rats , again following a pattern similar to that in CAS rats . The hepatic total and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) -cholesterol secretions into circulation were effectively decreased by RP , but not by RP-M Bile flow and biliary outputs of bile acids , cholesterol , and phospholipids were significantly stimulated by RP-M , causing an increase in fecal sterol excretion compared with CAS and RP . Neither biliary output nor fecal excretion of bile acids was affected by RP compared with CAS . The present results demonstrate that the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of RP can not be merely ascribed to the low Met/Gly ratio of RP in growing rats fed cholesterol-free diets . Results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic response induced by RP-M with a higher Met/Gly ratio primarily contributes to the stimulation of hepatic cholesterol for elimination via biliary secretion rather than the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol release via VLDL into circulation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: To elucidate whether a low methionine ( Met ) /glycine ( Gly ) ratio is responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice protein ( RP ) , the effects of adding Met to RP , increasing its Met/Gly ratio , on hepatic cholesterol output was investigated in rats fed cholesterol-free diets . The hepatic secretion of cholesterol into bile or circulation was measured from isolated perfused livers of 7-week-old male Wistar rats fed RP ( cultivar Koshihikari ) with a lower Met/Gly ratio and methionine-supplemented RP with a higher Met/Gly ratio ( RP-M ) matched with casein ( CAS ) . RP-M produced a significant hypocholesterolemic effect , whereas the effect of RP on plasma cholesterol level was comparable to that of CAS . Hepatic accumulation of total lipids , cholesterol , and phospholipids was higher in RP-M rats than in RP rats , again following a pattern similar to that in CAS rats . The hepatic total and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) -cholesterol secretions into circulation were effectively decreased by RP , but not by RP-M Bile flow and biliary outputs of bile acids , cholesterol , and phospholipids were significantly stimulated by RP-M , causing an increase in fecal sterol excretion compared with CAS and RP . Neither biliary output nor fecal excretion of bile acids was affected by RP compared with CAS . The present results demonstrate that the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of RP can not be merely ascribed to the low Met/Gly ratio of RP in growing rats fed cholesterol-free diets . Results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic response induced by RP-M with a higher Met/Gly ratio primarily contributes to the stimulation of hepatic cholesterol for elimination via biliary secretion rather than the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol release via VLDL into circulation .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: To elucidate whether a low methionine ( Met ) /glycine ( Gly ) ratio is responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice protein ( RP ) , the effects of adding Met to RP , increasing its Met/Gly ratio , on hepatic cholesterol output was investigated in rats fed cholesterol-free diets . The hepatic secretion of cholesterol into bile or circulation was measured from isolated perfused livers of 7-week-old male Wistar rats fed RP ( cultivar Koshihikari ) with a lower Met/Gly ratio and methionine-supplemented RP with a higher Met/Gly ratio ( RP-M ) matched with casein ( CAS ) . RP-M produced a significant hypocholesterolemic effect , whereas the effect of RP on plasma cholesterol level was comparable to that of CAS . Hepatic accumulation of total lipids , cholesterol , and phospholipids was higher in RP-M rats than in RP rats , again following a pattern similar to that in CAS rats . The hepatic total and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) -cholesterol secretions into circulation were effectively decreased by RP , but not by RP-M Bile flow and biliary outputs of bile acids , cholesterol , and phospholipids were significantly stimulated by RP-M , causing an increase in fecal sterol excretion compared with CAS and RP . Neither biliary output nor fecal excretion of bile acids was affected by RP compared with CAS . The present results demonstrate that the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of RP can not be merely ascribed to the low Met/Gly ratio of RP in growing rats fed cholesterol-free diets . Results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic response induced by RP-M with a higher Met/Gly ratio primarily contributes to the stimulation of hepatic cholesterol for elimination via biliary secretion rather than the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol release via VLDL into circulation .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: To elucidate whether a low methionine ( Met ) /glycine ( Gly ) ratio is responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of rice protein ( RP ) , the effects of adding Met to RP , increasing its Met/Gly ratio , on hepatic cholesterol output was investigated in rats fed cholesterol-free diets . The hepatic secretion of cholesterol into bile or circulation was measured from isolated perfused livers of 7-week-old male Wistar rats fed RP ( cultivar Koshihikari ) with a lower Met/Gly ratio and methionine-supplemented RP with a higher Met/Gly ratio ( RP-M ) matched with casein ( CAS ) . RP-M produced a significant hypocholesterolemic effect , whereas the effect of RP on plasma cholesterol level was comparable to that of CAS . Hepatic accumulation of total lipids , cholesterol , and phospholipids was higher in RP-M rats than in RP rats , again following a pattern similar to that in CAS rats . The hepatic total and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) -cholesterol secretions into circulation were effectively decreased by RP , but not by RP-M Bile flow and biliary outputs of bile acids , cholesterol , and phospholipids were significantly stimulated by RP-M , causing an increase in fecal sterol excretion compared with CAS and RP . Neither biliary output nor fecal excretion of bile acids was affected by RP compared with CAS . The present results demonstrate that the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of RP can not be merely ascribed to the low Met/Gly ratio of RP in growing rats fed cholesterol-free diets . Results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic response induced by RP-M with a higher Met/Gly ratio primarily contributes to the stimulation of hepatic cholesterol for elimination via biliary secretion rather than the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol release via VLDL into circulation .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: X and Y-chromosome linked paternal effects on a life-history trait .
| | Author: Friberg U Stewart AD Rice WR | | Journal: Biol Lett Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21831881 Accession (PMID): 21831881 | | Abstract: Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring .
In species lacking parental care , females influence offspring in many ways , while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm .
For this reason , maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation , while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible .
The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption , and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated .
Here , we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait , and find substantial support for both X and Y-linked effects .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring . In species lacking parental care , females influence offspring in many ways , while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm . For this reason , maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation , while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible . The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption , and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated . Here , we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait , and find substantial support for both X and Y-linked effects .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring . In species lacking parental care , females influence offspring in many ways , while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm . For this reason , maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation , while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible . The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption , and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated . Here , we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait , and find substantial support for both X and Y-linked effects .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring . In species lacking parental care , females influence offspring in many ways , while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm . For this reason , maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation , while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible . The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption , and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated . Here , we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait , and find substantial support for both X and Y-linked effects .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Polyadenylation in rice tungro bacilliform virus : cis-acting signals and regulation .
| | Author: Rothnie HM Chen G Ftterer J Hohn T | | Journal: J Virol .
Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11287568 Accession (PMID): 11287568 | | Abstract: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis .
The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus .
Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required .
When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts .
In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA .
The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts .
In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient .
SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 .
Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA .
RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis . The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus . Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required . When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts . In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA . The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts . In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient . SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 . Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA . RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis . The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus . Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required . When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts . In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA . The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts . In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient . SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 . Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA . RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis . The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus . Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required . When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts . In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA . The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts . In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient . SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 . Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA . RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis . The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus . Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required . When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts . In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA . The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts . In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient . SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 . Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA . RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis . The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus . Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required . When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts . In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA . The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts . In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient . SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 . Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA . RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Assessment of water pollution in different bleaching based paper manufacturing and textile dyeing industries in India .
| | Author: Ranganathan K Jeyapaul S Sharma DC .
| | Journal: Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17294270 Accession (PMID): 17294270 | | Abstract: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production .
The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents .
The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent .
The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production .
Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries .
Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads .
Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production . The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents . The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent . The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production . Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries . Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads . Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production . The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents . The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent . The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production . Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries . Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads . Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production . The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents . The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent . The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production . Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries . Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads . Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production . The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents . The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent . The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production . Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries . Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads . Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production . The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents . The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent . The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production . Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries . Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads . Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions .
| | Author: Ruiz-Sanchez M Armada E Munoz Y Garcia de Salamone IE Aroca R Ruiz-Lozano JM Azcon R | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21377754 Accession (PMID): 21377754 | | Abstract: The response of rice plants to inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungus , Azospirillum brasilense , or combination of both microorganisms , was assayed under well-watered or drought stress conditions .
Water deficit treatment was imposed by reducing the amount of water added , but AM plants , with a significantly higher biomass , received the same amount of water as non-AM plants , with a poor biomass .
Thus , the water stress treatment was more severe for AM plants than for non-AM plants .
The results showed that AM colonization significantly enhanced rice growth under both water conditions , although the greatest rice development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions .
Water level did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II , but both AM and A brasilense inoculations increased this value .
AM colonization increased stomatal conductance , particularly when associated with A brasilense , which enhanced this parameter by 80% under drought conditions and by 35% under well-watered conditions as compared to single AM plants .
Exposure of AM rice to drought stress decreased the high levels of glutathione that AM plants exhibited under well-watered conditions , while drought had no effect on the ascorbate content .
The decrease of glutathione content in AM plants under drought stress conditions led to enhance lipid peroxidation .
On the other hand , inoculation with the AM fungus itself increased ascorbate and proline as protective compounds to cope with the harmful effects of water limitation .
Inoculation with A brasilense also enhanced ascorbate accumulation , reaching a similar level as in AM plants .
These results showed that , in spite of the fact that drought stress imposed by AM treatments was considerably more severe than non-AM treatments , rice plants benefited not only from the AM symbiosis but also from A brasilense root colonization , regardless of the watering level .
However , the beneficial effects of A brasilense on most of the physiological and biochemical traits of rice plants were only clearly visible when the plants were mycorrhized .
This microbial consortium was effective for rice plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The response of rice plants to inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungus , Azospirillum brasilense , or combination of both microorganisms , was assayed under well-watered or drought stress conditions . Water deficit treatment was imposed by reducing the amount of water added , but AM plants , with a significantly higher biomass , received the same amount of water as non-AM plants , with a poor biomass . Thus , the water stress treatment was more severe for AM plants than for non-AM plants . The results showed that AM colonization significantly enhanced rice growth under both water conditions , although the greatest rice development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions . Water level did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II , but both AM and A brasilense inoculations increased this value . AM colonization increased stomatal conductance , particularly when associated with A brasilense , which enhanced this parameter by 80% under drought conditions and by 35% under well-watered conditions as compared to single AM plants . Exposure of AM rice to drought stress decreased the high levels of glutathione that AM plants exhibited under well-watered conditions , while drought had no effect on the ascorbate content . The decrease of glutathione content in AM plants under drought stress conditions led to enhance lipid peroxidation . On the other hand , inoculation with the AM fungus itself increased ascorbate and proline as protective compounds to cope with the harmful effects of water limitation . Inoculation with A brasilense also enhanced ascorbate accumulation , reaching a similar level as in AM plants . These results showed that , in spite of the fact that drought stress imposed by AM treatments was considerably more severe than non-AM treatments , rice plants benefited not only from the AM symbiosis but also from A brasilense root colonization , regardless of the watering level . However , the beneficial effects of A brasilense on most of the physiological and biochemical traits of rice plants were only clearly visible when the plants were mycorrhized . This microbial consortium was effective for rice plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The response of rice plants to inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungus , Azospirillum brasilense , or combination of both microorganisms , was assayed under well-watered or drought stress conditions . Water deficit treatment was imposed by reducing the amount of water added , but AM plants , with a significantly higher biomass , received the same amount of water as non-AM plants , with a poor biomass . Thus , the water stress treatment was more severe for AM plants than for non-AM plants . The results showed that AM colonization significantly enhanced rice growth under both water conditions , although the greatest rice development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions . Water level did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II , but both AM and A brasilense inoculations increased this value . AM colonization increased stomatal conductance , particularly when associated with A brasilense , which enhanced this parameter by 80% under drought conditions and by 35% under well-watered conditions as compared to single AM plants . Exposure of AM rice to drought stress decreased the high levels of glutathione that AM plants exhibited under well-watered conditions , while drought had no effect on the ascorbate content . The decrease of glutathione content in AM plants under drought stress conditions led to enhance lipid peroxidation . On the other hand , inoculation with the AM fungus itself increased ascorbate and proline as protective compounds to cope with the harmful effects of water limitation . Inoculation with A brasilense also enhanced ascorbate accumulation , reaching a similar level as in AM plants . These results showed that , in spite of the fact that drought stress imposed by AM treatments was considerably more severe than non-AM treatments , rice plants benefited not only from the AM symbiosis but also from A brasilense root colonization , regardless of the watering level . However , the beneficial effects of A brasilense on most of the physiological and biochemical traits of rice plants were only clearly visible when the plants were mycorrhized . This microbial consortium was effective for rice plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The response of rice plants to inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungus , Azospirillum brasilense , or combination of both microorganisms , was assayed under well-watered or drought stress conditions . Water deficit treatment was imposed by reducing the amount of water added , but AM plants , with a significantly higher biomass , received the same amount of water as non-AM plants , with a poor biomass . Thus , the water stress treatment was more severe for AM plants than for non-AM plants . The results showed that AM colonization significantly enhanced rice growth under both water conditions , although the greatest rice development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions . Water level did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II , but both AM and A brasilense inoculations increased this value . AM colonization increased stomatal conductance , particularly when associated with A brasilense , which enhanced this parameter by 80% under drought conditions and by 35% under well-watered conditions as compared to single AM plants . Exposure of AM rice to drought stress decreased the high levels of glutathione that AM plants exhibited under well-watered conditions , while drought had no effect on the ascorbate content . The decrease of glutathione content in AM plants under drought stress conditions led to enhance lipid peroxidation . On the other hand , inoculation with the AM fungus itself increased ascorbate and proline as protective compounds to cope with the harmful effects of water limitation . Inoculation with A brasilense also enhanced ascorbate accumulation , reaching a similar level as in AM plants . These results showed that , in spite of the fact that drought stress imposed by AM treatments was considerably more severe than non-AM treatments , rice plants benefited not only from the AM symbiosis but also from A brasilense root colonization , regardless of the watering level . However , the beneficial effects of A brasilense on most of the physiological and biochemical traits of rice plants were only clearly visible when the plants were mycorrhized . This microbial consortium was effective for rice plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , the water stress treatment was more severe for AM plants than for non-AM plants . The results showed that AM colonization significantly enhanced rice growth under both water conditions , although the greatest rice development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions . Water level did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II , but both AM and A brasilense inoculations increased this value . AM colonization increased stomatal conductance , particularly when associated with A brasilense , which enhanced this parameter by 80% under drought conditions and by 35% under well-watered conditions as compared to single AM plants . Exposure of AM rice to drought stress decreased the high levels of glutathione that AM plants exhibited under well-watered conditions , while drought had no effect on the ascorbate content . The decrease of glutathione content in AM plants under drought stress conditions led to enhance lipid peroxidation . On the other hand , inoculation with the AM fungus itself increased ascorbate and proline as protective compounds to cope with the harmful effects of water limitation . Inoculation with A brasilense also enhanced ascorbate accumulation , reaching a similar level as in AM plants . These results showed that , in spite of the fact that drought stress imposed by AM treatments was considerably more severe than non-AM treatments , rice plants benefited not only from the AM symbiosis but also from A brasilense root colonization , regardless of the watering level . However , the beneficial effects of A brasilense on most of the physiological and biochemical traits of rice plants were only clearly visible when the plants were mycorrhized . This microbial consortium was effective for rice plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results showed that AM colonization significantly enhanced rice growth under both water conditions , although the greatest rice development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions . Water level did not affect the efficiency of photosystem II , but both AM and A brasilense inoculations increased this value . AM colonization increased stomatal conductance , particularly when associated with A brasilense , which enhanced this parameter by 80% under drought conditions and by 35% under well-watered conditions as compared to single AM plants . Exposure of AM rice to drought stress decreased the high levels of glutathione that AM plants exhibited under well-watered conditions , while drought had no effect on the ascorbate content . The decrease of glutathione content in AM plants under drought stress conditions led to enhance lipid peroxidation . On the other hand , inoculation with the AM fungus itself increased ascorbate and proline as protective compounds to cope with the harmful effects of water limitation . Inoculation with A brasilense also enhanced ascorbate accumulation , reaching a similar level as in AM plants . These results showed that , in spite of the fact that drought stress imposed by AM treatments was considerably more severe than non-AM treatments , rice plants benefited not only from the AM symbiosis but also from A brasilense root colonization , regardless of the watering level . However , the beneficial effects of A brasilense on most of the physiological and biochemical traits of rice plants were only clearly visible when the plants were mycorrhized . This microbial consortium was effective for rice plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Cadmium and lung cancer mortality accounting for simultaneous arsenic exposure .
| | Author: Park RM Stayner LT Petersen MR Finley-Couch M Hornung R Rice C | | Journal: Occup Environ Med Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22271639 Accession (PMID): 22271639 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : Prior investigations identified an association between airborne cadmium and lung cancer but questions remain regarding confounding by arsenic , a well-established lung carcinogen .
METHODS : A cadmium smelter population exhibiting excess lung cancer was re-analysed using a retrospective exposure assessment for arsenic ( As ) , updated mortality ( 1940-2002 ) , a revised cadmium ( Cd ) exposure matrix and improved work history information .
RESULTS : Cumulative exposure metrics for both cadmium and arsenic were strongly associated making estimation of their independent effects difficult .
Standardised mortality ratios ( SMRs ) were modelled with Poisson regression with the contribution of arsenic to lung cancer risk constrained by exposure-response estimates previously reported .
The results demonstrate ( 1 ) a statistically significant effect of Cd independent of As ( SMR=3 . 2 for 10 mg-year/m ( 3 ) Cd , p=0 . 012 ) , ( 2 ) a substantial healthy worker effect for lung cancer ( for unexposed workers , SMR=0 . 69 ) and ( 3 ) a large deficit in lung cancer mortality among Hispanic workers ( SMR=0 . 27 , p=0 . 009 ) , known to have low lung cancer rates .
A supralinear dose-rate effect was observed ( contribution to risk with increasing exposure intensity has declining positive slope ) .
Lung cancer mortality was somewhat better predicted using a cadmium burden metric with a half-life of about 20-25 years .
CONCLUSIONS : These findings support an independent effect for cadmium in risk of lung cancer mortality .
1/1000 excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death is predicted from an airborne exposure of about 2 . 4 mug/m ( 3 ) Cd .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : Prior investigations identified an association between airborne cadmium and lung cancer but questions remain regarding confounding by arsenic , a well-established lung carcinogen . METHODS : A cadmium smelter population exhibiting excess lung cancer was re-analysed using a retrospective exposure assessment for arsenic ( As ) , updated mortality ( 1940-2002 ) , a revised cadmium ( Cd ) exposure matrix and improved work history information . RESULTS : Cumulative exposure metrics for both cadmium and arsenic were strongly associated making estimation of their independent effects difficult . Standardised mortality ratios ( SMRs ) were modelled with Poisson regression with the contribution of arsenic to lung cancer risk constrained by exposure-response estimates previously reported . The results demonstrate ( 1 ) a statistically significant effect of Cd independent of As ( SMR=3 . 2 for 10 mg-year/m ( 3 ) Cd , p=0 . 012 ) , ( 2 ) a substantial healthy worker effect for lung cancer ( for unexposed workers , SMR=0 . 69 ) and ( 3 ) a large deficit in lung cancer mortality among Hispanic workers ( SMR=0 . 27 , p=0 . 009 ) , known to have low lung cancer rates . A supralinear dose-rate effect was observed ( contribution to risk with increasing exposure intensity has declining positive slope ) . Lung cancer mortality was somewhat better predicted using a cadmium burden metric with a half-life of about 20-25 years . CONCLUSIONS : These findings support an independent effect for cadmium in risk of lung cancer mortality . 1/1000 excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death is predicted from an airborne exposure of about 2 . 4 mug/m ( 3 ) Cd .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : Prior investigations identified an association between airborne cadmium and lung cancer but questions remain regarding confounding by arsenic , a well-established lung carcinogen . METHODS : A cadmium smelter population exhibiting excess lung cancer was re-analysed using a retrospective exposure assessment for arsenic ( As ) , updated mortality ( 1940-2002 ) , a revised cadmium ( Cd ) exposure matrix and improved work history information . RESULTS : Cumulative exposure metrics for both cadmium and arsenic were strongly associated making estimation of their independent effects difficult . Standardised mortality ratios ( SMRs ) were modelled with Poisson regression with the contribution of arsenic to lung cancer risk constrained by exposure-response estimates previously reported . The results demonstrate ( 1 ) a statistically significant effect of Cd independent of As ( SMR=3 . 2 for 10 mg-year/m ( 3 ) Cd , p=0 . 012 ) , ( 2 ) a substantial healthy worker effect for lung cancer ( for unexposed workers , SMR=0 . 69 ) and ( 3 ) a large deficit in lung cancer mortality among Hispanic workers ( SMR=0 . 27 , p=0 . 009 ) , known to have low lung cancer rates . A supralinear dose-rate effect was observed ( contribution to risk with increasing exposure intensity has declining positive slope ) . Lung cancer mortality was somewhat better predicted using a cadmium burden metric with a half-life of about 20-25 years . CONCLUSIONS : These findings support an independent effect for cadmium in risk of lung cancer mortality . 1/1000 excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death is predicted from an airborne exposure of about 2 . 4 mug/m ( 3 ) Cd .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : Prior investigations identified an association between airborne cadmium and lung cancer but questions remain regarding confounding by arsenic , a well-established lung carcinogen . METHODS : A cadmium smelter population exhibiting excess lung cancer was re-analysed using a retrospective exposure assessment for arsenic ( As ) , updated mortality ( 1940-2002 ) , a revised cadmium ( Cd ) exposure matrix and improved work history information . RESULTS : Cumulative exposure metrics for both cadmium and arsenic were strongly associated making estimation of their independent effects difficult . Standardised mortality ratios ( SMRs ) were modelled with Poisson regression with the contribution of arsenic to lung cancer risk constrained by exposure-response estimates previously reported . The results demonstrate ( 1 ) a statistically significant effect of Cd independent of As ( SMR=3 . 2 for 10 mg-year/m ( 3 ) Cd , p=0 . 012 ) , ( 2 ) a substantial healthy worker effect for lung cancer ( for unexposed workers , SMR=0 . 69 ) and ( 3 ) a large deficit in lung cancer mortality among Hispanic workers ( SMR=0 . 27 , p=0 . 009 ) , known to have low lung cancer rates . A supralinear dose-rate effect was observed ( contribution to risk with increasing exposure intensity has declining positive slope ) . Lung cancer mortality was somewhat better predicted using a cadmium burden metric with a half-life of about 20-25 years . CONCLUSIONS : These findings support an independent effect for cadmium in risk of lung cancer mortality . 1/1000 excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death is predicted from an airborne exposure of about 2 . 4 mug/m ( 3 ) Cd .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : Prior investigations identified an association between airborne cadmium and lung cancer but questions remain regarding confounding by arsenic , a well-established lung carcinogen . METHODS : A cadmium smelter population exhibiting excess lung cancer was re-analysed using a retrospective exposure assessment for arsenic ( As ) , updated mortality ( 1940-2002 ) , a revised cadmium ( Cd ) exposure matrix and improved work history information . RESULTS : Cumulative exposure metrics for both cadmium and arsenic were strongly associated making estimation of their independent effects difficult . Standardised mortality ratios ( SMRs ) were modelled with Poisson regression with the contribution of arsenic to lung cancer risk constrained by exposure-response estimates previously reported . The results demonstrate ( 1 ) a statistically significant effect of Cd independent of As ( SMR=3 . 2 for 10 mg-year/m ( 3 ) Cd , p=0 . 012 ) , ( 2 ) a substantial healthy worker effect for lung cancer ( for unexposed workers , SMR=0 . 69 ) and ( 3 ) a large deficit in lung cancer mortality among Hispanic workers ( SMR=0 . 27 , p=0 . 009 ) , known to have low lung cancer rates . A supralinear dose-rate effect was observed ( contribution to risk with increasing exposure intensity has declining positive slope ) . Lung cancer mortality was somewhat better predicted using a cadmium burden metric with a half-life of about 20-25 years . CONCLUSIONS : These findings support an independent effect for cadmium in risk of lung cancer mortality . 1/1000 excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death is predicted from an airborne exposure of about 2 . 4 mug/m ( 3 ) Cd .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Acute administration of red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) depletes it issue coenzyme Q ( 10 ) levels in ICR mice .
| | Author: Yang HT Lin SH Huang SY Chou HJ .
| | Journal: Br .
J Nutr .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15705235 Accession (PMID): 15705235 | | Abstract: In this study , we attempted to evaluate the effect of administration of a high quantity of red yeast rice on coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) synthesis in the it issues of ICR mice .
Eighty-eight adult male ICR mice were housed and divided into control and experimental groups for red yeast rice treatment .
Animals were gavaged with a low ( 1 g/kg body weight ) or a high dose ( 5 g/kg body weight , approximately five times the typical recommended human dose ) of red yeast rice dissolved in soyabean oil .
After gavagement , animals of the control group were immediately killed ; mice of the experimental groups ( eight for each subgroup ) were killed at different time intervals of 0 . 5 , 1 , 1 . 5 , 4 and 24 h .
The liver , heart and kidney were taken for analysis of monacolin K ( liver only ) and CoQ10 analysis .
Liver and heart CoQ10 levels declined dramatically in both groups administered red yeast rice , especially in the high-dose group , within 30 min .
After 24 h , the levels of hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 were still reduced .
A similar trend was also observed in the heart , but the inhibitory effect began after 90 min .
The higher dose of red yeast rice presented a greater suppressive effect than did the lower dose on it issue CoQ10 levels .
In conclusion , acute red yeast rice gavage suppressed hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 levels in rodents ; furthermore , the inhibitory effect was responsive to the doses administered .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we attempted to evaluate the effect of administration of a high quantity of red yeast rice on coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) synthesis in the it issues of ICR mice . Eighty-eight adult male ICR mice were housed and divided into control and experimental groups for red yeast rice treatment . Animals were gavaged with a low ( 1 g/kg body weight ) or a high dose ( 5 g/kg body weight , approximately five times the typical recommended human dose ) of red yeast rice dissolved in soyabean oil . After gavagement , animals of the control group were immediately killed ; mice of the experimental groups ( eight for each subgroup ) were killed at different time intervals of 0 . 5 , 1 , 1 . 5 , 4 and 24 h . The liver , heart and kidney were taken for analysis of monacolin K ( liver only ) and CoQ10 analysis . Liver and heart CoQ10 levels declined dramatically in both groups administered red yeast rice , especially in the high-dose group , within 30 min . After 24 h , the levels of hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 were still reduced . A similar trend was also observed in the heart , but the inhibitory effect began after 90 min . The higher dose of red yeast rice presented a greater suppressive effect than did the lower dose on it issue CoQ10 levels . In conclusion , acute red yeast rice gavage suppressed hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 levels in rodents ; furthermore , the inhibitory effect was responsive to the doses administered .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we attempted to evaluate the effect of administration of a high quantity of red yeast rice on coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) synthesis in the it issues of ICR mice . Eighty-eight adult male ICR mice were housed and divided into control and experimental groups for red yeast rice treatment . Animals were gavaged with a low ( 1 g/kg body weight ) or a high dose ( 5 g/kg body weight , approximately five times the typical recommended human dose ) of red yeast rice dissolved in soyabean oil . After gavagement , animals of the control group were immediately killed ; mice of the experimental groups ( eight for each subgroup ) were killed at different time intervals of 0 . 5 , 1 , 1 . 5 , 4 and 24 h . The liver , heart and kidney were taken for analysis of monacolin K ( liver only ) and CoQ10 analysis . Liver and heart CoQ10 levels declined dramatically in both groups administered red yeast rice , especially in the high-dose group , within 30 min . After 24 h , the levels of hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 were still reduced . A similar trend was also observed in the heart , but the inhibitory effect began after 90 min . The higher dose of red yeast rice presented a greater suppressive effect than did the lower dose on it issue CoQ10 levels . In conclusion , acute red yeast rice gavage suppressed hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 levels in rodents ; furthermore , the inhibitory effect was responsive to the doses administered .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we attempted to evaluate the effect of administration of a high quantity of red yeast rice on coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) synthesis in the it issues of ICR mice . Eighty-eight adult male ICR mice were housed and divided into control and experimental groups for red yeast rice treatment . Animals were gavaged with a low ( 1 g/kg body weight ) or a high dose ( 5 g/kg body weight , approximately five times the typical recommended human dose ) of red yeast rice dissolved in soyabean oil . After gavagement , animals of the control group were immediately killed ; mice of the experimental groups ( eight for each subgroup ) were killed at different time intervals of 0 . 5 , 1 , 1 . 5 , 4 and 24 h . The liver , heart and kidney were taken for analysis of monacolin K ( liver only ) and CoQ10 analysis . Liver and heart CoQ10 levels declined dramatically in both groups administered red yeast rice , especially in the high-dose group , within 30 min . After 24 h , the levels of hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 were still reduced . A similar trend was also observed in the heart , but the inhibitory effect began after 90 min . The higher dose of red yeast rice presented a greater suppressive effect than did the lower dose on it issue CoQ10 levels . In conclusion , acute red yeast rice gavage suppressed hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 levels in rodents ; furthermore , the inhibitory effect was responsive to the doses administered .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we attempted to evaluate the effect of administration of a high quantity of red yeast rice on coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) synthesis in the it issues of ICR mice . Eighty-eight adult male ICR mice were housed and divided into control and experimental groups for red yeast rice treatment . Animals were gavaged with a low ( 1 g/kg body weight ) or a high dose ( 5 g/kg body weight , approximately five times the typical recommended human dose ) of red yeast rice dissolved in soyabean oil . After gavagement , animals of the control group were immediately killed ; mice of the experimental groups ( eight for each subgroup ) were killed at different time intervals of 0 . 5 , 1 , 1 . 5 , 4 and 24 h . The liver , heart and kidney were taken for analysis of monacolin K ( liver only ) and CoQ10 analysis . Liver and heart CoQ10 levels declined dramatically in both groups administered red yeast rice , especially in the high-dose group , within 30 min . After 24 h , the levels of hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 were still reduced . A similar trend was also observed in the heart , but the inhibitory effect began after 90 min . The higher dose of red yeast rice presented a greater suppressive effect than did the lower dose on it issue CoQ10 levels . In conclusion , acute red yeast rice gavage suppressed hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 levels in rodents ; furthermore , the inhibitory effect was responsive to the doses administered .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Prevention efficiency of Exserohilum monoceras with chemical herbicides against Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field ] | | Author: Chen Y Ni H Zhang H Li X Li J | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16180763 Accession (PMID): 16180763 | | Abstract: This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish , and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse .
The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field .
The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree .
A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac .
Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli .
Under field condition , the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed , while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90% . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish , and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse . The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field . The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree . A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac . Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli . Under field condition , the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed , while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90% .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish , and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse . The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field . The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree . A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac . Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli . Under field condition , the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed , while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90% .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish , and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse . The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field . The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree . A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac . Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli . Under field condition , the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed , while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90% .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish , and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse . The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field . The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree . A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac . Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli . Under field condition , the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed , while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90% .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Plasma clearance of lovastatin versus chinese red yeast rice in healthy volunteers .
| | Author: Li Z Seeram NP Lee R Thames G Minutti C Wang HJ Heber D | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16398595 Accession (PMID): 16398595 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease .
However , the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term , which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful .
Chinese red yeast rice ( CRYR ) is a supplement containing lovastatin ( monacolin K ) , eight other monacolins , pigments , tannins , and other phytochemicals .
The authors previously reported on a double blind placebo-controlled trial of CRYR supplement in 80 individuals demonstrating a significant decrease in cholesterol levels from 250 mg/dL to 210 mg/dL over 8 weeks independent of diet .
The current study compared the pharmacokinetics of CRYR with lovastatin at the same bioeffective dose for lowering cholesterol .
METHODS : Eleven ( 11 ) healthy volunteers were randomized to a crossover study taking 2400 mg CRYR or 20 mg of lovastatin .
RESULTS : The Cmax and area under the curve ( AUC ) of lovastatin were 22 . 42 ng/mL , and 80 . 47 higher than CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 and 0 . 002 , respectively ) .
The Cmax for lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 36 . 63 ng/mL higher than the Cmax of CRYR hydroxy-acid ( p = 0 . 001 ) .
The AUC of lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 258 . 5 greater than that of CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR .
It may lead to the ultimate development of a botanical supplement based on CRYR .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease . However , the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term , which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful . Chinese red yeast rice ( CRYR ) is a supplement containing lovastatin ( monacolin K ) , eight other monacolins , pigments , tannins , and other phytochemicals . The authors previously reported on a double blind placebo-controlled trial of CRYR supplement in 80 individuals demonstrating a significant decrease in cholesterol levels from 250 mg/dL to 210 mg/dL over 8 weeks independent of diet . The current study compared the pharmacokinetics of CRYR with lovastatin at the same bioeffective dose for lowering cholesterol . METHODS : Eleven ( 11 ) healthy volunteers were randomized to a crossover study taking 2400 mg CRYR or 20 mg of lovastatin . RESULTS : The Cmax and area under the curve ( AUC ) of lovastatin were 22 . 42 ng/mL , and 80 . 47 higher than CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 and 0 . 002 , respectively ) . The Cmax for lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 36 . 63 ng/mL higher than the Cmax of CRYR hydroxy-acid ( p = 0 . 001 ) . The AUC of lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 258 . 5 greater than that of CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 ) . CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR . It may lead to the ultimate development of a botanical supplement based on CRYR .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease . However , the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term , which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful . Chinese red yeast rice ( CRYR ) is a supplement containing lovastatin ( monacolin K ) , eight other monacolins , pigments , tannins , and other phytochemicals . The authors previously reported on a double blind placebo-controlled trial of CRYR supplement in 80 individuals demonstrating a significant decrease in cholesterol levels from 250 mg/dL to 210 mg/dL over 8 weeks independent of diet . The current study compared the pharmacokinetics of CRYR with lovastatin at the same bioeffective dose for lowering cholesterol . METHODS : Eleven ( 11 ) healthy volunteers were randomized to a crossover study taking 2400 mg CRYR or 20 mg of lovastatin . RESULTS : The Cmax and area under the curve ( AUC ) of lovastatin were 22 . 42 ng/mL , and 80 . 47 higher than CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 and 0 . 002 , respectively ) . The Cmax for lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 36 . 63 ng/mL higher than the Cmax of CRYR hydroxy-acid ( p = 0 . 001 ) . The AUC of lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 258 . 5 greater than that of CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 ) . CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease . However , the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term , which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful . Chinese red yeast rice ( CRYR ) is a supplement containing lovastatin ( monacolin K ) , eight other monacolins , pigments , tannins , and other phytochemicals . The authors previously reported on a double blind placebo-controlled trial of CRYR supplement in 80 individuals demonstrating a significant decrease in cholesterol levels from 250 mg/dL to 210 mg/dL over 8 weeks independent of diet . The current study compared the pharmacokinetics of CRYR with lovastatin at the same bioeffective dose for lowering cholesterol . METHODS : Eleven ( 11 ) healthy volunteers were randomized to a crossover study taking 2400 mg CRYR or 20 mg of lovastatin . RESULTS : The Cmax and area under the curve ( AUC ) of lovastatin were 22 . 42 ng/mL , and 80 . 47 higher than CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 and 0 . 002 , respectively ) . The Cmax for lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 36 . 63 ng/mL higher than the Cmax of CRYR hydroxy-acid ( p = 0 . 001 ) . The AUC of lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 258 . 5 greater than that of CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 ) . CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR . It may lead to the ultimate development of a botanical supplement based on CRYR .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Dynamics of changes in methanogenesis and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil following repeated application of dicyandiamide , a nitrification inhibitor .
| | Author: Mohanty SR Bharati K Rao VR Adhya TK | | Journal: Microbiol Res Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17207983 Accession (PMID): 17207983 | | Abstract: Influence of repeated application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD ) , on CH ( 4 ) production and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil , was investigated in a laboratory incubation study .
Application of DCD at the time of soil incubation resulted in a substantial reduction in CH ( 4 ) production ( 31% over that of untreated control ) .
Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil .
Application of the third dose of DCD maintained CH ( 4 ) production almost to the same extent as that of second application .
The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil .
Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population .
Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Influence of repeated application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD ) , on CH ( 4 ) production and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil , was investigated in a laboratory incubation study . Application of DCD at the time of soil incubation resulted in a substantial reduction in CH ( 4 ) production ( 31% over that of untreated control ) . Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil . Application of the third dose of DCD maintained CH ( 4 ) production almost to the same extent as that of second application . The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil . Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population . Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Influence of repeated application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD ) , on CH ( 4 ) production and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil , was investigated in a laboratory incubation study . Application of DCD at the time of soil incubation resulted in a substantial reduction in CH ( 4 ) production ( 31% over that of untreated control ) . Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil . Application of the third dose of DCD maintained CH ( 4 ) production almost to the same extent as that of second application . The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil . Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population . Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Influence of repeated application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD ) , on CH ( 4 ) production and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil , was investigated in a laboratory incubation study . Application of DCD at the time of soil incubation resulted in a substantial reduction in CH ( 4 ) production ( 31% over that of untreated control ) . Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil . Application of the third dose of DCD maintained CH ( 4 ) production almost to the same extent as that of second application . The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil . Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population . Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Influence of repeated application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD ) , on CH ( 4 ) production and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil , was investigated in a laboratory incubation study . Application of DCD at the time of soil incubation resulted in a substantial reduction in CH ( 4 ) production ( 31% over that of untreated control ) . Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil . Application of the third dose of DCD maintained CH ( 4 ) production almost to the same extent as that of second application . The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil . Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population . Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Testing for gene x environment interaction effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated antisocial behavior .
| | Author: Langley K Turic D Rice F Holmans P van den Bree MB Craddock N Kent L Owen MJ ODonovan MC Thapar A | | Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17579368 Accession (PMID): 17579368 | | Abstract: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders .
In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions .
In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight .
First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses .
Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis .
The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed .
The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) .
These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder .
There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders . In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions . In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight . First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses . Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis . The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed . The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) . These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder . There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders . In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions . In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight . First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses . Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis . The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed . The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) . These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder . There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders . In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions . In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight . First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses . Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis . The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed . The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) . These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder . There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders . In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions . In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight . First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses . Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis . The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed . The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) . These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder . There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ The correlation between panicle angle and rice quality and genetic analysis on rice quality in japonica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Author: Jiang JH Guo Y Chen XG Xu HM Hou YJ Hong DL | | Journal: Yi Chuan Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17650489 Accession (PMID): 17650489 | | Abstract: Linear correlation between panicle angle and 10 quality traits were studied by using P1 , P2 and 349 lines of the RIL population in a cross of Bing 8979 ( erect panicle ) /C bao ( curve panicle ) in japonica rice .
We found that , there were no linear correlation between panicle angle and brown rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area , gelatinization temperature , gel consistency and apparent amylose content .
The correlation coefficients between panicle angle and milled rice rate , between panicle angle and grain length , and between panicle angle and grain length/width ratio were 0 . 124* , 0 . 470** and 0 . 241** , respectively .
By using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models , genetic analyses showed that brown rice rate , milled rice rate and apparent amylose content were controlled by two major genes plus polygenes .
The two major genes expressed additive effect and additive x additive effects .
Head rice rate , grain length , grain length/width ratio and gel consistency were controlled by two major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes .
Chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature were controlled by three major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes .
Brown rice rate , milled rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature traits were mainly governed by major genes .
Grain length , grain length/width ratio , gel consistency and apparent amylose content traits were mainly governed by polygenes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Linear correlation between panicle angle and 10 quality traits were studied by using P1 , P2 and 349 lines of the RIL population in a cross of Bing 8979 ( erect panicle ) /C bao ( curve panicle ) in japonica rice . We found that , there were no linear correlation between panicle angle and brown rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area , gelatinization temperature , gel consistency and apparent amylose content . The correlation coefficients between panicle angle and milled rice rate , between panicle angle and grain length , and between panicle angle and grain length/width ratio were 0 . 124* , 0 . 470** and 0 . 241** , respectively . By using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models , genetic analyses showed that brown rice rate , milled rice rate and apparent amylose content were controlled by two major genes plus polygenes . The two major genes expressed additive effect and additive x additive effects . Head rice rate , grain length , grain length/width ratio and gel consistency were controlled by two major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes . Chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature were controlled by three major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes . Brown rice rate , milled rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature traits were mainly governed by major genes . Grain length , grain length/width ratio , gel consistency and apparent amylose content traits were mainly governed by polygenes .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Linear correlation between panicle angle and 10 quality traits were studied by using P1 , P2 and 349 lines of the RIL population in a cross of Bing 8979 ( erect panicle ) /C bao ( curve panicle ) in japonica rice . We found that , there were no linear correlation between panicle angle and brown rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area , gelatinization temperature , gel consistency and apparent amylose content . The correlation coefficients between panicle angle and milled rice rate , between panicle angle and grain length , and between panicle angle and grain length/width ratio were 0 . 124* , 0 . 470** and 0 . 241** , respectively . By using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models , genetic analyses showed that brown rice rate , milled rice rate and apparent amylose content were controlled by two major genes plus polygenes . The two major genes expressed additive effect and additive x additive effects . Head rice rate , grain length , grain length/width ratio and gel consistency were controlled by two major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes . Chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature were controlled by three major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes . Brown rice rate , milled rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature traits were mainly governed by major genes . Grain length , grain length/width ratio , gel consistency and apparent amylose content traits were mainly governed by polygenes .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Linear correlation between panicle angle and 10 quality traits were studied by using P1 , P2 and 349 lines of the RIL population in a cross of Bing 8979 ( erect panicle ) /C bao ( curve panicle ) in japonica rice . We found that , there were no linear correlation between panicle angle and brown rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area , gelatinization temperature , gel consistency and apparent amylose content . The correlation coefficients between panicle angle and milled rice rate , between panicle angle and grain length , and between panicle angle and grain length/width ratio were 0 . 124* , 0 . 470** and 0 . 241** , respectively . By using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models , genetic analyses showed that brown rice rate , milled rice rate and apparent amylose content were controlled by two major genes plus polygenes . The two major genes expressed additive effect and additive x additive effects . Head rice rate , grain length , grain length/width ratio and gel consistency were controlled by two major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes . Chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature were controlled by three major genes with additive-epistatic effects plus polygenes . Brown rice rate , milled rice rate , head rice rate , chalky grain rate , chalkiness area and gelatinization temperature traits were mainly governed by major genes . Grain length , grain length/width ratio , gel consistency and apparent amylose content traits were mainly governed by polygenes .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Modulation of experimental osteoporosis in rats by the antioxidant beverage effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) .
| | Author: Ke B Xu Z Ling Y Qiu W Xu Y Higa T Aruoma OI | | Journal: Biomed Pharmacother Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18930627 Accession (PMID): 18930627 | | Abstract: Osteoporosis is a disease of aging associated with bone loss that often occurs without symptoms until microarchitectural deterioration becomes so significant that bone fracture occurs .
The effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) is an antioxidant beverage derived from ferment of unpolished rice , sea weeds and papaya with effective microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria , yeast and photosynthetic bacteria ( containing minerals , alpha-tocopherol , lycopene , ubiquinone , saponin and flavonoids ) .
The levels of serum estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) and the bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femurs were assessed in order to determine the effect of EM-X on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat ( an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis ) .
EM-X ( 1 ml/rat/day ) was initially administrated by gavage to rats which were then allowed to consume 10% ( v/v ) EM-X in water freely for 3 months .
There was no statistical significance of E ( 2 ) level between sham operation group and control group , indicating that sham operation did not affect E ( 2 ) level .
However , the E ( 2 ) levels in the ovariectomized rats tended to increase after treatment of EM-X for 3 months .
The bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group decreased with time .
Rats receiving EM-X for 3 months after sham operation or ovariectomy had increased bone density of the middle of femur that was statistically significant ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 ) .
The bone density of the epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group were significantly increased , an outcome highly suggestive of the beneficial effects of EM-X on bone density of the middle and the epiphysis of femur in the rats with or without ovariectomy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Osteoporosis is a disease of aging associated with bone loss that often occurs without symptoms until microarchitectural deterioration becomes so significant that bone fracture occurs . The effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) is an antioxidant beverage derived from ferment of unpolished rice , sea weeds and papaya with effective microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria , yeast and photosynthetic bacteria ( containing minerals , alpha-tocopherol , lycopene , ubiquinone , saponin and flavonoids ) . The levels of serum estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) and the bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femurs were assessed in order to determine the effect of EM-X on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat ( an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis ) . EM-X ( 1 ml/rat/day ) was initially administrated by gavage to rats which were then allowed to consume 10% ( v/v ) EM-X in water freely for 3 months . There was no statistical significance of E ( 2 ) level between sham operation group and control group , indicating that sham operation did not affect E ( 2 ) level . However , the E ( 2 ) levels in the ovariectomized rats tended to increase after treatment of EM-X for 3 months . The bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group decreased with time . Rats receiving EM-X for 3 months after sham operation or ovariectomy had increased bone density of the middle of femur that was statistically significant ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 ) . The bone density of the epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group were significantly increased , an outcome highly suggestive of the beneficial effects of EM-X on bone density of the middle and the epiphysis of femur in the rats with or without ovariectomy .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Osteoporosis is a disease of aging associated with bone loss that often occurs without symptoms until microarchitectural deterioration becomes so significant that bone fracture occurs . The effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) is an antioxidant beverage derived from ferment of unpolished rice , sea weeds and papaya with effective microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria , yeast and photosynthetic bacteria ( containing minerals , alpha-tocopherol , lycopene , ubiquinone , saponin and flavonoids ) . The levels of serum estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) and the bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femurs were assessed in order to determine the effect of EM-X on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat ( an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis ) . EM-X ( 1 ml/rat/day ) was initially administrated by gavage to rats which were then allowed to consume 10% ( v/v ) EM-X in water freely for 3 months . There was no statistical significance of E ( 2 ) level between sham operation group and control group , indicating that sham operation did not affect E ( 2 ) level . However , the E ( 2 ) levels in the ovariectomized rats tended to increase after treatment of EM-X for 3 months . The bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group decreased with time . Rats receiving EM-X for 3 months after sham operation or ovariectomy had increased bone density of the middle of femur that was statistically significant ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 ) . The bone density of the epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group were significantly increased , an outcome highly suggestive of the beneficial effects of EM-X on bone density of the middle and the epiphysis of femur in the rats with or without ovariectomy .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Osteoporosis is a disease of aging associated with bone loss that often occurs without symptoms until microarchitectural deterioration becomes so significant that bone fracture occurs . The effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) is an antioxidant beverage derived from ferment of unpolished rice , sea weeds and papaya with effective microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria , yeast and photosynthetic bacteria ( containing minerals , alpha-tocopherol , lycopene , ubiquinone , saponin and flavonoids ) . The levels of serum estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) and the bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femurs were assessed in order to determine the effect of EM-X on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat ( an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis ) . EM-X ( 1 ml/rat/day ) was initially administrated by gavage to rats which were then allowed to consume 10% ( v/v ) EM-X in water freely for 3 months . There was no statistical significance of E ( 2 ) level between sham operation group and control group , indicating that sham operation did not affect E ( 2 ) level . However , the E ( 2 ) levels in the ovariectomized rats tended to increase after treatment of EM-X for 3 months . The bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group decreased with time . Rats receiving EM-X for 3 months after sham operation or ovariectomy had increased bone density of the middle of femur that was statistically significant ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 ) . The bone density of the epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group were significantly increased , an outcome highly suggestive of the beneficial effects of EM-X on bone density of the middle and the epiphysis of femur in the rats with or without ovariectomy .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Using a human cardiovascular-respiratory model to characterize cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus .
| | Author: Ramachandran D Luo C Ma TS Clark JW Jr | | Journal: Theor Biol Med Model Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19656411 Accession (PMID): 19656411 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Cardiac tamponade is a condition whereby fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart causes elevation and equilibration of pericardial and cardiac chamber pressures , reduced cardiac output , changes in hemodynamics , partial chamber collapse , pulsus paradoxus , and arterio-venous acid-base disparity .
Our large-scale model of the human cardiovascular-respiratory system ( H-CRS ) is employed to study mechanisms underlying cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus .
The model integrates hemodynamics , whole-body gas exchange , and autonomic nervous system control to simulate pressure , volume , and blood flow .
METHODS : We integrate a new pericardial model into our previously developed H-CRS model based on a fit to patient pressure data .
Virtual experiments are designed to simulate pericardial effusion and study mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , focusing particularly on the role of the interventricular septum .
Model differential equations programmed in C are solved using a 5th-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration scheme .
MATLAB is employed for waveform analysis .
RESULTS : The H-CRS model simulates hemodynamic and respiratory changes associated with tamponade clinically .
Our model predicts effects of effusion-generated pericardial constraint on chamber and septal mechanics , such as altered right atrial filling , delayed leftward septal motion , and prolonged left ventricular pre-ejection period , causing atrioventricular interaction and ventricular desynchronization .
We demonstrate pericardial constraint to markedly accentuate normal ventricular interactions associated with respiratory effort , which we show to be the distinct mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , namely , series and parallel ventricular interaction .
Series ventricular interaction represents respiratory variation in right ventricular stroke volume carried over to the left ventricle via the pulmonary vasculature , whereas parallel interaction ( via the septum and pericardium ) is a result of competition for fixed filling space .
We find that simulating active septal contraction is important in modeling ventricular interaction .
The model predicts increased arterio-venous CO2 due to hypoperfusion , and we explore implications of respiratory pattern in tamponade .
CONCLUSION : Our modeling study of cardiac tamponade dissects the roles played by septal motion , atrioventricular and right-left ventricular interactions , pulmonary blood pooling , and the depth of respiration .
The study fully describes the physiological basis of pulsus paradoxus .
Our detailed analysis provides biophysically-based insights helpful for future experimental and clinical study of cardiac tamponade and related pericardial diseases .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Cardiac tamponade is a condition whereby fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart causes elevation and equilibration of pericardial and cardiac chamber pressures , reduced cardiac output , changes in hemodynamics , partial chamber collapse , pulsus paradoxus , and arterio-venous acid-base disparity . Our large-scale model of the human cardiovascular-respiratory system ( H-CRS ) is employed to study mechanisms underlying cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus . The model integrates hemodynamics , whole-body gas exchange , and autonomic nervous system control to simulate pressure , volume , and blood flow . METHODS : We integrate a new pericardial model into our previously developed H-CRS model based on a fit to patient pressure data . Virtual experiments are designed to simulate pericardial effusion and study mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , focusing particularly on the role of the interventricular septum . Model differential equations programmed in C are solved using a 5th-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration scheme . MATLAB is employed for waveform analysis . RESULTS : The H-CRS model simulates hemodynamic and respiratory changes associated with tamponade clinically . Our model predicts effects of effusion-generated pericardial constraint on chamber and septal mechanics , such as altered right atrial filling , delayed leftward septal motion , and prolonged left ventricular pre-ejection period , causing atrioventricular interaction and ventricular desynchronization . We demonstrate pericardial constraint to markedly accentuate normal ventricular interactions associated with respiratory effort , which we show to be the distinct mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , namely , series and parallel ventricular interaction . Series ventricular interaction represents respiratory variation in right ventricular stroke volume carried over to the left ventricle via the pulmonary vasculature , whereas parallel interaction ( via the septum and pericardium ) is a result of competition for fixed filling space . We find that simulating active septal contraction is important in modeling ventricular interaction . The model predicts increased arterio-venous CO2 due to hypoperfusion , and we explore implications of respiratory pattern in tamponade . CONCLUSION : Our modeling study of cardiac tamponade dissects the roles played by septal motion , atrioventricular and right-left ventricular interactions , pulmonary blood pooling , and the depth of respiration . The study fully describes the physiological basis of pulsus paradoxus . Our detailed analysis provides biophysically-based insights helpful for future experimental and clinical study of cardiac tamponade and related pericardial diseases .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Cardiac tamponade is a condition whereby fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart causes elevation and equilibration of pericardial and cardiac chamber pressures , reduced cardiac output , changes in hemodynamics , partial chamber collapse , pulsus paradoxus , and arterio-venous acid-base disparity . Our large-scale model of the human cardiovascular-respiratory system ( H-CRS ) is employed to study mechanisms underlying cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus . The model integrates hemodynamics , whole-body gas exchange , and autonomic nervous system control to simulate pressure , volume , and blood flow . METHODS : We integrate a new pericardial model into our previously developed H-CRS model based on a fit to patient pressure data . Virtual experiments are designed to simulate pericardial effusion and study mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , focusing particularly on the role of the interventricular septum . Model differential equations programmed in C are solved using a 5th-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration scheme . MATLAB is employed for waveform analysis . RESULTS : The H-CRS model simulates hemodynamic and respiratory changes associated with tamponade clinically . Our model predicts effects of effusion-generated pericardial constraint on chamber and septal mechanics , such as altered right atrial filling , delayed leftward septal motion , and prolonged left ventricular pre-ejection period , causing atrioventricular interaction and ventricular desynchronization . We demonstrate pericardial constraint to markedly accentuate normal ventricular interactions associated with respiratory effort , which we show to be the distinct mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , namely , series and parallel ventricular interaction . Series ventricular interaction represents respiratory variation in right ventricular stroke volume carried over to the left ventricle via the pulmonary vasculature , whereas parallel interaction ( via the septum and pericardium ) is a result of competition for fixed filling space . We find that simulating active septal contraction is important in modeling ventricular interaction . The model predicts increased arterio-venous CO2 due to hypoperfusion , and we explore implications of respiratory pattern in tamponade . CONCLUSION : Our modeling study of cardiac tamponade dissects the roles played by septal motion , atrioventricular and right-left ventricular interactions , pulmonary blood pooling , and the depth of respiration .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Cardiac tamponade is a condition whereby fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart causes elevation and equilibration of pericardial and cardiac chamber pressures , reduced cardiac output , changes in hemodynamics , partial chamber collapse , pulsus paradoxus , and arterio-venous acid-base disparity . Our large-scale model of the human cardiovascular-respiratory system ( H-CRS ) is employed to study mechanisms underlying cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus . The model integrates hemodynamics , whole-body gas exchange , and autonomic nervous system control to simulate pressure , volume , and blood flow . METHODS : We integrate a new pericardial model into our previously developed H-CRS model based on a fit to patient pressure data . Virtual experiments are designed to simulate pericardial effusion and study mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , focusing particularly on the role of the interventricular septum . Model differential equations programmed in C are solved using a 5th-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration scheme . MATLAB is employed for waveform analysis . RESULTS : The H-CRS model simulates hemodynamic and respiratory changes associated with tamponade clinically . Our model predicts effects of effusion-generated pericardial constraint on chamber and septal mechanics , such as altered right atrial filling , delayed leftward septal motion , and prolonged left ventricular pre-ejection period , causing atrioventricular interaction and ventricular desynchronization . We demonstrate pericardial constraint to markedly accentuate normal ventricular interactions associated with respiratory effort , which we show to be the distinct mechanisms of pulsus paradoxus , namely , series and parallel ventricular interaction . Series ventricular interaction represents respiratory variation in right ventricular stroke volume carried over to the left ventricle via the pulmonary vasculature , whereas parallel interaction ( via the septum and pericardium ) is a result of competition for fixed filling space . We find that simulating active septal contraction is important in modeling ventricular interaction . The model predicts increased arterio-venous CO2 due to hypoperfusion , and we explore implications of respiratory pattern in tamponade . CONCLUSION : Our modeling study of cardiac tamponade dissects the roles played by septal motion , atrioventricular and right-left ventricular interactions , pulmonary blood pooling , and the depth of respiration . The study fully describes the physiological basis of pulsus paradoxus . Our detailed analysis provides biophysically-based insights helpful for future experimental and clinical study of cardiac tamponade and related pericardial diseases .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: The tocotrienol-rich fraction from rice bran enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human mesothelioma H28 cells .
| | Author: Nakashima K Virgona N Miyazawa M Watanabe T Yano T | | Journal: Phytother Res Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20127663 Accession (PMID): 20127663 | | Abstract: Resistance to chemotherapy ( chemoresistance ) is a serious problem in malignant mesothelioma , a highly aggressive neoplasm .
Gamma-tocotrienol ( gamma-T3 ) can sensitize various cancerous cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance .
In this study , we investigated the modulating effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction ( TRF ) from rice bran , which is abundant in gamma-T3 , on chemoresistance in human MM H28 cells .
TRF treatment caused a marked reduction in the viability of H28 cells in a dose-dependent manner , while cisplatin treatment had no effect on the cells , indicating that H28 cells are resistant to cisplatin .
A significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed in H28 cells treated with TRF , and this effect was enhanced by the combination treatment with cisplatin .
The cytotoxic effect was closely related to the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) -AKT signaling .
Inactivation of Akt signaling by TRF or the combination with cisplatin mitigated cisplatin-induced activation of Akt , resulting in reducing the chemoresistance H28 cells to cisplatin .
Reduced cell viability and attenuated chemoresistance of the H28 cells against cisplatin were also observed following the use of a PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 .
These results suggest that the combination therapy of cisplatin with TRF is a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for the chemotherapeutic agent in MM therapy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Resistance to chemotherapy ( chemoresistance ) is a serious problem in malignant mesothelioma , a highly aggressive neoplasm . Gamma-tocotrienol ( gamma-T3 ) can sensitize various cancerous cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance . In this study , we investigated the modulating effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction ( TRF ) from rice bran , which is abundant in gamma-T3 , on chemoresistance in human MM H28 cells . TRF treatment caused a marked reduction in the viability of H28 cells in a dose-dependent manner , while cisplatin treatment had no effect on the cells , indicating that H28 cells are resistant to cisplatin . A significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed in H28 cells treated with TRF , and this effect was enhanced by the combination treatment with cisplatin . The cytotoxic effect was closely related to the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) -AKT signaling . Inactivation of Akt signaling by TRF or the combination with cisplatin mitigated cisplatin-induced activation of Akt , resulting in reducing the chemoresistance H28 cells to cisplatin . Reduced cell viability and attenuated chemoresistance of the H28 cells against cisplatin were also observed following the use of a PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 . These results suggest that the combination therapy of cisplatin with TRF is a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for the chemotherapeutic agent in MM therapy .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Resistance to chemotherapy ( chemoresistance ) is a serious problem in malignant mesothelioma , a highly aggressive neoplasm . Gamma-tocotrienol ( gamma-T3 ) can sensitize various cancerous cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance . In this study , we investigated the modulating effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction ( TRF ) from rice bran , which is abundant in gamma-T3 , on chemoresistance in human MM H28 cells . TRF treatment caused a marked reduction in the viability of H28 cells in a dose-dependent manner , while cisplatin treatment had no effect on the cells , indicating that H28 cells are resistant to cisplatin . A significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed in H28 cells treated with TRF , and this effect was enhanced by the combination treatment with cisplatin . The cytotoxic effect was closely related to the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) -AKT signaling . Inactivation of Akt signaling by TRF or the combination with cisplatin mitigated cisplatin-induced activation of Akt , resulting in reducing the chemoresistance H28 cells to cisplatin . Reduced cell viability and attenuated chemoresistance of the H28 cells against cisplatin were also observed following the use of a PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 . These results suggest that the combination therapy of cisplatin with TRF is a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for the chemotherapeutic agent in MM therapy .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Resistance to chemotherapy ( chemoresistance ) is a serious problem in malignant mesothelioma , a highly aggressive neoplasm . Gamma-tocotrienol ( gamma-T3 ) can sensitize various cancerous cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance . In this study , we investigated the modulating effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction ( TRF ) from rice bran , which is abundant in gamma-T3 , on chemoresistance in human MM H28 cells . TRF treatment caused a marked reduction in the viability of H28 cells in a dose-dependent manner , while cisplatin treatment had no effect on the cells , indicating that H28 cells are resistant to cisplatin . A significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed in H28 cells treated with TRF , and this effect was enhanced by the combination treatment with cisplatin . The cytotoxic effect was closely related to the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) -AKT signaling . Inactivation of Akt signaling by TRF or the combination with cisplatin mitigated cisplatin-induced activation of Akt , resulting in reducing the chemoresistance H28 cells to cisplatin . Reduced cell viability and attenuated chemoresistance of the H28 cells against cisplatin were also observed following the use of a PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 . These results suggest that the combination therapy of cisplatin with TRF is a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for the chemotherapeutic agent in MM therapy .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Resistance to chemotherapy ( chemoresistance ) is a serious problem in malignant mesothelioma , a highly aggressive neoplasm . Gamma-tocotrienol ( gamma-T3 ) can sensitize various cancerous cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance . In this study , we investigated the modulating effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction ( TRF ) from rice bran , which is abundant in gamma-T3 , on chemoresistance in human MM H28 cells . TRF treatment caused a marked reduction in the viability of H28 cells in a dose-dependent manner , while cisplatin treatment had no effect on the cells , indicating that H28 cells are resistant to cisplatin . A significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed in H28 cells treated with TRF , and this effect was enhanced by the combination treatment with cisplatin . The cytotoxic effect was closely related to the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) -AKT signaling . Inactivation of Akt signaling by TRF or the combination with cisplatin mitigated cisplatin-induced activation of Akt , resulting in reducing the chemoresistance H28 cells to cisplatin . Reduced cell viability and attenuated chemoresistance of the H28 cells against cisplatin were also observed following the use of a PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 . These results suggest that the combination therapy of cisplatin with TRF is a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for the chemotherapeutic agent in MM therapy .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: A QTL for rice grain yield in aerobic environments with large effects in three genetic backgrounds .
| | Author: Venuprasad R Bool ME Quiatchon L Atlin GN | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21938473 Accession (PMID): 21938473 | | Abstract: A large-effect QTL associated with grain yield in aerobic environments was identified in three genetic backgrounds , Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna , Apo/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , and Vandana/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , using bulk-segregant analysis ( BSA ) .
Apo and Vandana are drought-tolerant aerobic-adapted varieties , while Swarna and IR72 are important lowland rice varieties grown on millions of hectares in Asia but perform poorly in aerobic conditions .
Two closely linked rice microsatellite ( RM ) markers , RM510 and RM19367 , located on chromosome 6 , were found to be associated with yield under aerobic soil conditions in all three backgrounds .
The QTL linked to this marker , qDTY6 . 1 ( DTY , grain yield under drought ) , was mapped to a 2 . 2 cM region between RM19367 and RM3805 at a peak LOD score of 32 in the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population .
The effect of qDTY6 . 1 was tested in a total of 20 hydrological environments over a period of five seasons and in five populations in the three genetic backgrounds .
In the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population , qDTY6 . 1 had a large effect on grain yield under favorable aerobic ( R ( 2 ) effect was observed .
In the Apo/IR72 cross , Apo contributed the favorable allele in almost all the aerobic environments in RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations .
In the Vandana/IR72 RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations , qDTY6 . 1 had a strong effect on yield in aerobic drought stress , aerobic non-stress , and irrigated lowland conditions ; the Vandana allele was favorable in aerobic environments and the IR72 allele was favorable in irrigated lowland environments .
We conclude that qDTY6 . 1 is a large-effect QTL for rice grain yield under aerobic environments and could potentially be used in molecular breeding of rice for aerobic environments .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: A large-effect QTL associated with grain yield in aerobic environments was identified in three genetic backgrounds , Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna , Apo/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , and Vandana/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , using bulk-segregant analysis ( BSA ) . Apo and Vandana are drought-tolerant aerobic-adapted varieties , while Swarna and IR72 are important lowland rice varieties grown on millions of hectares in Asia but perform poorly in aerobic conditions . Two closely linked rice microsatellite ( RM ) markers , RM510 and RM19367 , located on chromosome 6 , were found to be associated with yield under aerobic soil conditions in all three backgrounds . The QTL linked to this marker , qDTY6 . 1 ( DTY , grain yield under drought ) , was mapped to a 2 . 2 cM region between RM19367 and RM3805 at a peak LOD score of 32 in the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population . The effect of qDTY6 . 1 was tested in a total of 20 hydrological environments over a period of five seasons and in five populations in the three genetic backgrounds . In the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population , qDTY6 . 1 had a large effect on grain yield under favorable aerobic ( R ( 2 ) effect was observed . In the Apo/IR72 cross , Apo contributed the favorable allele in almost all the aerobic environments in RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations . In the Vandana/IR72 RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations , qDTY6 . 1 had a strong effect on yield in aerobic drought stress , aerobic non-stress , and irrigated lowland conditions ; the Vandana allele was favorable in aerobic environments and the IR72 allele was favorable in irrigated lowland environments . We conclude that qDTY6 . 1 is a large-effect QTL for rice grain yield under aerobic environments and could potentially be used in molecular breeding of rice for aerobic environments .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A large-effect QTL associated with grain yield in aerobic environments was identified in three genetic backgrounds , Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna , Apo/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , and Vandana/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , using bulk-segregant analysis ( BSA ) . Apo and Vandana are drought-tolerant aerobic-adapted varieties , while Swarna and IR72 are important lowland rice varieties grown on millions of hectares in Asia but perform poorly in aerobic conditions . Two closely linked rice microsatellite ( RM ) markers , RM510 and RM19367 , located on chromosome 6 , were found to be associated with yield under aerobic soil conditions in all three backgrounds . The QTL linked to this marker , qDTY6 . 1 ( DTY , grain yield under drought ) , was mapped to a 2 . 2 cM region between RM19367 and RM3805 at a peak LOD score of 32 in the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population . The effect of qDTY6 . 1 was tested in a total of 20 hydrological environments over a period of five seasons and in five populations in the three genetic backgrounds . In the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population , qDTY6 . 1 had a large effect on grain yield under favorable aerobic ( R ( 2 ) effect was observed . In the Apo/IR72 cross , Apo contributed the favorable allele in almost all the aerobic environments in RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations . In the Vandana/IR72 RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations , qDTY6 . 1 had a strong effect on yield in aerobic drought stress , aerobic non-stress , and irrigated lowland conditions ; the Vandana allele was favorable in aerobic environments and the IR72 allele was favorable in irrigated lowland environments . We conclude that qDTY6 . 1 is a large-effect QTL for rice grain yield under aerobic environments and could potentially be used in molecular breeding of rice for aerobic environments .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A large-effect QTL associated with grain yield in aerobic environments was identified in three genetic backgrounds , Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna , Apo/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , and Vandana/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , using bulk-segregant analysis ( BSA ) . Apo and Vandana are drought-tolerant aerobic-adapted varieties , while Swarna and IR72 are important lowland rice varieties grown on millions of hectares in Asia but perform poorly in aerobic conditions . Two closely linked rice microsatellite ( RM ) markers , RM510 and RM19367 , located on chromosome 6 , were found to be associated with yield under aerobic soil conditions in all three backgrounds . The QTL linked to this marker , qDTY6 . 1 ( DTY , grain yield under drought ) , was mapped to a 2 . 2 cM region between RM19367 and RM3805 at a peak LOD score of 32 in the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population . The effect of qDTY6 . 1 was tested in a total of 20 hydrological environments over a period of five seasons and in five populations in the three genetic backgrounds . In the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population , qDTY6 . 1 had a large effect on grain yield under favorable aerobic ( R ( 2 ) effect was observed . In the Apo/IR72 cross , Apo contributed the favorable allele in almost all the aerobic environments in RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations . In the Vandana/IR72 RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations , qDTY6 . 1 had a strong effect on yield in aerobic drought stress , aerobic non-stress , and irrigated lowland conditions ; the Vandana allele was favorable in aerobic environments and the IR72 allele was favorable in irrigated lowland environments . We conclude that qDTY6 . 1 is a large-effect QTL for rice grain yield under aerobic environments and could potentially be used in molecular breeding of rice for aerobic environments .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish on the forestomach epithelium of mice and esophageal epithelium of rats ] | | Author: Lin PZ Zhang JS Ding ZW Cai HY .
| | Journal: Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi Year: 1986 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3568985 Accession (PMID): 3568985 | | Abstract: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats .
The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats .
When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) .
Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium .
The incidence was only 37 . 5% .
However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma .
The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference .
The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats .
NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet .
While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% .
It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats . The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats . When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) . Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium . The incidence was only 37 . 5% . However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma . The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference . The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats . NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet . While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% . It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats . The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats . When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) . Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium . The incidence was only 37 . 5% . However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma . The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference . The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats . NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet . While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats . When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) . Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium . The incidence was only 37 . 5% . However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma . The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference . The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats . NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet . While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% . It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Biological evaluation of an infant food based on soybean , rice and banana ] | | Author: Vargas E Blanco A Lastreto C Romn AV .
| | Journal: Year: 1985 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3938938 Accession (PMID): 3938938 | | Abstract: An infant food , a mixture of soy , rice and banana was biologically evaluated in three studies carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats .
In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied .
Results indicated that an equal nutritive value as that of milk is obtained when 50% of the vegetable protein is replaced by animal protein .
The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed .
In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated .
Results revealed a significant improvement of the product quality with lysine supplementation , a finding that implies thermal protein damage caused by industrial processing .
In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated .
Such values , as determined , correspond to 343 to 655 ml of fluid milk per 100 g of the cereal product .
It was also found that milk complements and improves the nutritive value of the product at equal statistical ( P less than 0 . 05 ) values as those of milk . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: An infant food , a mixture of soy , rice and banana was biologically evaluated in three studies carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats . In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied . Results indicated that an equal nutritive value as that of milk is obtained when 50% of the vegetable protein is replaced by animal protein . The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed . In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated . Results revealed a significant improvement of the product quality with lysine supplementation , a finding that implies thermal protein damage caused by industrial processing . In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated . Such values , as determined , correspond to 343 to 655 ml of fluid milk per 100 g of the cereal product . It was also found that milk complements and improves the nutritive value of the product at equal statistical ( P less than 0 . 05 ) values as those of milk .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: An infant food , a mixture of soy , rice and banana was biologically evaluated in three studies carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats . In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied . Results indicated that an equal nutritive value as that of milk is obtained when 50% of the vegetable protein is replaced by animal protein . The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed . In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated . Results revealed a significant improvement of the product quality with lysine supplementation , a finding that implies thermal protein damage caused by industrial processing . In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated . Such values , as determined , correspond to 343 to 655 ml of fluid milk per 100 g of the cereal product . It was also found that milk complements and improves the nutritive value of the product at equal statistical ( P less than 0 . 05 ) values as those of milk .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: An infant food , a mixture of soy , rice and banana was biologically evaluated in three studies carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats . In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied . Results indicated that an equal nutritive value as that of milk is obtained when 50% of the vegetable protein is replaced by animal protein . The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed . In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated . Results revealed a significant improvement of the product quality with lysine supplementation , a finding that implies thermal protein damage caused by industrial processing . In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated . Such values , as determined , correspond to 343 to 655 ml of fluid milk per 100 g of the cereal product . It was also found that milk complements and improves the nutritive value of the product at equal statistical ( P less than 0 . 05 ) values as those of milk .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: An infant food , a mixture of soy , rice and banana was biologically evaluated in three studies carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats . In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied . Results indicated that an equal nutritive value as that of milk is obtained when 50% of the vegetable protein is replaced by animal protein . The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed . In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated . Results revealed a significant improvement of the product quality with lysine supplementation , a finding that implies thermal protein damage caused by industrial processing . In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated . Such values , as determined , correspond to 343 to 655 ml of fluid milk per 100 g of the cereal product . It was also found that milk complements and improves the nutritive value of the product at equal statistical ( P less than 0 . 05 ) values as those of milk .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture : an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?
| | Author: Chameides WL Yu H Liu SC Bergin M Zhou X Mearns L Wang G Kiang CS Saylor RD Luo C Huang Y Steiner A Giorgi F | | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10570123 Accession (PMID): 10570123 | | Abstract: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed .
The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance .
Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China .
The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution .
Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions .
Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat .
Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% .
Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed . The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance . Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China . The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution . Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions . Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat . Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% . Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed . The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance . Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China . The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution . Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions . Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat . Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% . Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed . The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance . Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China . The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution . Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions . Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat . Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% . Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents .
I Effects on bird performance and toe ash .
| | Author: Cabahug S Ravindran V Selle PH Bryden WL .
| | Journal: Br . Poult . Sci . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10670679 Accession (PMID): 10670679 | | Abstract: 1 .
Seven-day old male broilers ( n=900 ) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid ( 10 . 4 , 13 . 2 and 15 . 7 g/kg ; equivalent to 2 . 9 , 3 . 7 and 4 . 4 g/kg phytate phosphorus ) , 2 of non-phytate phosphorus ( 2 . 3 and 4 . 5 g/kg ) and 3 of microbial phytase ( Natuphos 5000 L ; 0 , 400 and 800 FTU/kg ) in a 19-d trial The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard .
2 .
Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens ( 10 birds/pen ) from 7 to 25 d of age .
Records of body weight , food intake and mortality were maintained .
On d 25 , all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements .
3 .
Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain , food intake and food/gain .
These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase .
4 .
Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions .
5 .
Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction .
Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction .
6 .
In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg .
7 .
The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: 1 . Seven-day old male broilers ( n=900 ) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid ( 10 . 4 , 13 . 2 and 15 . 7 g/kg ; equivalent to 2 . 9 , 3 . 7 and 4 . 4 g/kg phytate phosphorus ) , 2 of non-phytate phosphorus ( 2 . 3 and 4 . 5 g/kg ) and 3 of microbial phytase ( Natuphos 5000 L ; 0 , 400 and 800 FTU/kg ) in a 19-d trial The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard . 2 . Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens ( 10 birds/pen ) from 7 to 25 d of age . Records of body weight , food intake and mortality were maintained . On d 25 , all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements . 3 . Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain , food intake and food/gain . These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase . 4 . Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions . 5 . Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction . Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction . 6 . In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg . 7 . The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Seven-day old male broilers ( n=900 ) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid ( 10 . 4 , 13 . 2 and 15 . 7 g/kg ; equivalent to 2 . 9 , 3 . 7 and 4 . 4 g/kg phytate phosphorus ) , 2 of non-phytate phosphorus ( 2 . 3 and 4 . 5 g/kg ) and 3 of microbial phytase ( Natuphos 5000 L ; 0 , 400 and 800 FTU/kg ) in a 19-d trial The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard . 2 . Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens ( 10 birds/pen ) from 7 to 25 d of age . Records of body weight , food intake and mortality were maintained . On d 25 , all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements . 3 . Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain , food intake and food/gain . These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase . 4 . Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions . 5 . Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction . Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction . 6 . In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg . 7 . The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase . 4 . Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions . 5 . Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction . Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction . 6 . In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg . 7 . The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Treatment of gastrointestinal viruses .
| | Author: Farthing MJ .
| | Journal: Novartis Found . Symp . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11444033 Accession (PMID): 11444033 | | Abstract: The most common enteric viruses responsible for diarrhoea are rotavirus , enteric adenoviruses , caliciviruses including the Norwalk agent and astrovirus .
These infections are usually mild to moderate in severity , self-limiting and of short duration and thus , specific antiviral therapy is not recommended .
The standard management of these infections is restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance and then maintenance of hydration until the infection resolves .
WHO oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) was introduced about 30 years ago and has saved the lives of many infants and young children .
During the last 10 years it has become evident that the efficacy of ORT can be increased by reducing the osmolality of the WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) to produce a relatively hypotonic solution .
Hypotonic ORS appears to be safe and effective in all forms of acute diarrhoea in childhood .
Complex substrate ORS , which is also usually hypotonic , has been shown to have increased efficacy in cholera but not in other bacterial or viral diarrhoeas .
Nevertheless , the scientific rationale for using rice or resistant starch as substrate in ORS is of physiological interest Other treatments such as hyperimmune bovine colostrum , probiotics and antiviral agents are largely experimental and have not been introduced into routine clinical practice .
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in the immunocompromised although it has been reported in immunocompetent individuals .
CMV infects both the oesophagus and colon to produce oesophagitis , often with discrete ulcers , and colitis , respectively .
Both conditions can be treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet .
Failure to respond to monotherapy is an indication to use both agents concurrently .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most common enteric viruses responsible for diarrhoea are rotavirus , enteric adenoviruses , caliciviruses including the Norwalk agent and astrovirus . These infections are usually mild to moderate in severity , self-limiting and of short duration and thus , specific antiviral therapy is not recommended . The standard management of these infections is restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance and then maintenance of hydration until the infection resolves . WHO oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) was introduced about 30 years ago and has saved the lives of many infants and young children . During the last 10 years it has become evident that the efficacy of ORT can be increased by reducing the osmolality of the WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) to produce a relatively hypotonic solution . Hypotonic ORS appears to be safe and effective in all forms of acute diarrhoea in childhood . Complex substrate ORS , which is also usually hypotonic , has been shown to have increased efficacy in cholera but not in other bacterial or viral diarrhoeas . Nevertheless , the scientific rationale for using rice or resistant starch as substrate in ORS is of physiological interest Other treatments such as hyperimmune bovine colostrum , probiotics and antiviral agents are largely experimental and have not been introduced into routine clinical practice . Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in the immunocompromised although it has been reported in immunocompetent individuals . CMV infects both the oesophagus and colon to produce oesophagitis , often with discrete ulcers , and colitis , respectively . Both conditions can be treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet . Failure to respond to monotherapy is an indication to use both agents concurrently .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most common enteric viruses responsible for diarrhoea are rotavirus , enteric adenoviruses , caliciviruses including the Norwalk agent and astrovirus . These infections are usually mild to moderate in severity , self-limiting and of short duration and thus , specific antiviral therapy is not recommended . The standard management of these infections is restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance and then maintenance of hydration until the infection resolves . WHO oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) was introduced about 30 years ago and has saved the lives of many infants and young children . During the last 10 years it has become evident that the efficacy of ORT can be increased by reducing the osmolality of the WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) to produce a relatively hypotonic solution . Hypotonic ORS appears to be safe and effective in all forms of acute diarrhoea in childhood . Complex substrate ORS , which is also usually hypotonic , has been shown to have increased efficacy in cholera but not in other bacterial or viral diarrhoeas . Nevertheless , the scientific rationale for using rice or resistant starch as substrate in ORS is of physiological interest Other treatments such as hyperimmune bovine colostrum , probiotics and antiviral agents are largely experimental and have not been introduced into routine clinical practice . Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in the immunocompromised although it has been reported in immunocompetent individuals . CMV infects both the oesophagus and colon to produce oesophagitis , often with discrete ulcers , and colitis , respectively . Both conditions can be treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet . Failure to respond to monotherapy is an indication to use both agents concurrently .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most common enteric viruses responsible for diarrhoea are rotavirus , enteric adenoviruses , caliciviruses including the Norwalk agent and astrovirus . These infections are usually mild to moderate in severity , self-limiting and of short duration and thus , specific antiviral therapy is not recommended . The standard management of these infections is restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance and then maintenance of hydration until the infection resolves . WHO oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) was introduced about 30 years ago and has saved the lives of many infants and young children . During the last 10 years it has become evident that the efficacy of ORT can be increased by reducing the osmolality of the WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) to produce a relatively hypotonic solution . Hypotonic ORS appears to be safe and effective in all forms of acute diarrhoea in childhood . Complex substrate ORS , which is also usually hypotonic , has been shown to have increased efficacy in cholera but not in other bacterial or viral diarrhoeas . Nevertheless , the scientific rationale for using rice or resistant starch as substrate in ORS is of physiological interest Other treatments such as hyperimmune bovine colostrum , probiotics and antiviral agents are largely experimental and have not been introduced into routine clinical practice . Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in the immunocompromised although it has been reported in immunocompetent individuals . CMV infects both the oesophagus and colon to produce oesophagitis , often with discrete ulcers , and colitis , respectively . Both conditions can be treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet . Failure to respond to monotherapy is an indication to use both agents concurrently .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Quantitative structure-activity studies of insect growth regulators : XVIII .
Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata .
| | Author: Nakagawa Y Smagghe G Van Paemel M Tirry L Fujita T | | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11561414 Accession (PMID): 11561414 | | Abstract: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted .
The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures .
The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported .
Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity .
The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds .
Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound .
Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted . The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures . The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported . Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity . The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds . Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound . Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted . The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures . The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported . Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity . The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds . Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound . Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted . The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures . The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported . Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity . The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds . Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound . Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Toxicology and histopathology of some rodenticides and palatable food items combinations on the common mice Mus musculus var . albus in Egypt .
| | Author: Mesban HA Tayeb EH Mourad AK Younis LK el Zaher MA Aly MT .
| | Journal: Commun . Agric . Appl . Biol . Sci .
Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15151313 Accession (PMID): 15151313 | | Abstract: In this study the palatability tests of certain food items as attractants in the poisoned-baits for the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus showed that the food items of treacle , maize oil , dry or wet sugar and milk powder act as more attractive pleasant materials that encourage the mice to consume more of those baits containing such items .
The most palatable combination of tested food items to the mouse Mus musculus was that consisting of crushed maize + treacle + maize oil + milk powder .
The least amount of food consumed by the mice was that of rice and or rice + treacle + oil + milk powder .
The use of wheat grain alone was much better than crushed maize alone or and combined with wet or dry sugar .
The tested anticoagulant rodenticides were greatly effective against the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus , since they could cause a final mortality of hundred percent in a mean time ranging merely between 7 & 9 days .
Chlorophacinone was more potent and effective than coumachlor ; at its lowered concentrations of 25 and 44 . 5 ppm was more acceptable than coumachlor .
The consumed amounts of zinc phosphide baits were comparatively utmost lower than those of anticoagulants poisoned baits .
Feeding the pregnant females on prepared baits consisting of crushed maize , treacle , milk powder , maize oil and lower concentration of each of coumachlor , chlorophacinone and zink phosphide , to a more or less extent , reduced females weight according to the tested lower concentration , versus the weight of pregnant females in control treatment which was increased by 14 . 4% .
In comparison to both the tested anticoagulant rodenticides , the measured reduction of females weight caused by zinc phosphide ( 6 ppm ) was , to a more extent , higher as the mean weight gradually decreased from 27 . 4 up to 16 . 3 g .
Chlorophacinone at its minimized concentrations was least effective in reducing the number and mean weight of developing fetuses .
However , coumachlor at its tested concentration of 2 ppm caused abortion after the first and the second weeks of pregnancy reached to 100% .
Zinc phosphide at both tested concentrations of 0 . 6 and 6 ppm was ineffective on the abortion and resorption of fetuses ; the fed females on baits containing 0 . 6 and/or 6 . 0 ppm zinc phosphide ate their youngsters at the 2nd and 4th day after birth , respectively .
The histopathological changes of liver , kidney , lung and intestine due to feeding of the Mouse Mus musculus var . albus on the poisoned baits of tested different rodenticides were recorded and photographed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study the palatability tests of certain food items as attractants in the poisoned-baits for the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus showed that the food items of treacle , maize oil , dry or wet sugar and milk powder act as more attractive pleasant materials that encourage the mice to consume more of those baits containing such items . The most palatable combination of tested food items to the mouse Mus musculus was that consisting of crushed maize + treacle + maize oil + milk powder . The least amount of food consumed by the mice was that of rice and or rice + treacle + oil + milk powder . The use of wheat grain alone was much better than crushed maize alone or and combined with wet or dry sugar . The tested anticoagulant rodenticides were greatly effective against the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus , since they could cause a final mortality of hundred percent in a mean time ranging merely between 7 & 9 days . Chlorophacinone was more potent and effective than coumachlor ; at its lowered concentrations of 25 and 44 . 5 ppm was more acceptable than coumachlor . The consumed amounts of zinc phosphide baits were comparatively utmost lower than those of anticoagulants poisoned baits . Feeding the pregnant females on prepared baits consisting of crushed maize , treacle , milk powder , maize oil and lower concentration of each of coumachlor , chlorophacinone and zink phosphide , to a more or less extent , reduced females weight according to the tested lower concentration , versus the weight of pregnant females in control treatment which was increased by 14 . 4% . In comparison to both the tested anticoagulant rodenticides , the measured reduction of females weight caused by zinc phosphide ( 6 ppm ) was , to a more extent , higher as the mean weight gradually decreased from 27 . 4 up to 16 . 3 g . Chlorophacinone at its minimized concentrations was least effective in reducing the number and mean weight of developing fetuses . However , coumachlor at its tested concentration of 2 ppm caused abortion after the first and the second weeks of pregnancy reached to 100% . Zinc phosphide at both tested concentrations of 0 . 6 and 6 ppm was ineffective on the abortion and resorption of fetuses ; the fed females on baits containing 0 . 6 and/or 6 . 0 ppm zinc phosphide ate their youngsters at the 2nd and 4th day after birth , respectively . The histopathological changes of liver , kidney , lung and intestine due to feeding of the Mouse Mus musculus var . albus on the poisoned baits of tested different rodenticides were recorded and photographed .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study the palatability tests of certain food items as attractants in the poisoned-baits for the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus showed that the food items of treacle , maize oil , dry or wet sugar and milk powder act as more attractive pleasant materials that encourage the mice to consume more of those baits containing such items . The most palatable combination of tested food items to the mouse Mus musculus was that consisting of crushed maize + treacle + maize oil + milk powder . The least amount of food consumed by the mice was that of rice and or rice + treacle + oil + milk powder . The use of wheat grain alone was much better than crushed maize alone or and combined with wet or dry sugar . The tested anticoagulant rodenticides were greatly effective against the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus , since they could cause a final mortality of hundred percent in a mean time ranging merely between 7 & 9 days . Chlorophacinone was more potent and effective than coumachlor ; at its lowered concentrations of 25 and 44 . 5 ppm was more acceptable than coumachlor . The consumed amounts of zinc phosphide baits were comparatively utmost lower than those of anticoagulants poisoned baits . Feeding the pregnant females on prepared baits consisting of crushed maize , treacle , milk powder , maize oil and lower concentration of each of coumachlor , chlorophacinone and zink phosphide , to a more or less extent , reduced females weight according to the tested lower concentration , versus the weight of pregnant females in control treatment which was increased by 14 . 4% . In comparison to both the tested anticoagulant rodenticides , the measured reduction of females weight caused by zinc phosphide ( 6 ppm ) was , to a more extent , higher as the mean weight gradually decreased from 27 . 4 up to 16 . 3 g . Chlorophacinone at its minimized concentrations was least effective in reducing the number and mean weight of developing fetuses . However , coumachlor at its tested concentration of 2 ppm caused abortion after the first and the second weeks of pregnancy reached to 100% . Zinc phosphide at both tested concentrations of 0 . 6 and 6 ppm was ineffective on the abortion and resorption of fetuses ; the fed females on baits containing 0 . 6 and/or 6 . 0 ppm zinc phosphide ate their youngsters at the 2nd and 4th day after birth , respectively . The histopathological changes of liver , kidney , lung and intestine due to feeding of the Mouse Mus musculus var . albus on the poisoned baits of tested different rodenticides were recorded and photographed .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study the palatability tests of certain food items as attractants in the poisoned-baits for the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus showed that the food items of treacle , maize oil , dry or wet sugar and milk powder act as more attractive pleasant materials that encourage the mice to consume more of those baits containing such items . The most palatable combination of tested food items to the mouse Mus musculus was that consisting of crushed maize + treacle + maize oil + milk powder . The least amount of food consumed by the mice was that of rice and or rice + treacle + oil + milk powder . The use of wheat grain alone was much better than crushed maize alone or and combined with wet or dry sugar . The tested anticoagulant rodenticides were greatly effective against the albino mouse Mus musculus var . albus , since they could cause a final mortality of hundred percent in a mean time ranging merely between 7 & 9 days . Chlorophacinone was more potent and effective than coumachlor ; at its lowered concentrations of 25 and 44 . 5 ppm was more acceptable than coumachlor . The consumed amounts of zinc phosphide baits were comparatively utmost lower than those of anticoagulants poisoned baits . Feeding the pregnant females on prepared baits consisting of crushed maize , treacle , milk powder , maize oil and lower concentration of each of coumachlor , chlorophacinone and zink phosphide , to a more or less extent , reduced females weight according to the tested lower concentration , versus the weight of pregnant females in control treatment which was increased by 14 . 4% . In comparison to both the tested anticoagulant rodenticides , the measured reduction of females weight caused by zinc phosphide ( 6 ppm ) was , to a more extent , higher as the mean weight gradually decreased from 27 . 4 up to 16 . 3 g . Chlorophacinone at its minimized concentrations was least effective in reducing the number and mean weight of developing fetuses . However , coumachlor at its tested concentration of 2 ppm caused abortion after the first and the second weeks of pregnancy reached to 100% . Zinc phosphide at both tested concentrations of 0 . 6 and 6 ppm was ineffective on the abortion and resorption of fetuses ; the fed females on baits containing 0 . 6 and/or 6 . 0 ppm zinc phosphide ate their youngsters at the 2nd and 4th day after birth , respectively . The histopathological changes of liver , kidney , lung and intestine due to feeding of the Mouse Mus musculus var . albus on the poisoned baits of tested different rodenticides were recorded and photographed .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Environmental exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce renal tubular dysfunction does not affect bone density among female Japanese farmers .
| | Author: Horiguchi H Oguma E Sasaki S Miyamoto K Ikeda Y Machida M Kayama F | | Journal: Environ . Res . Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15476737 Accession (PMID): 15476737 | | Abstract: Some recent research suggests that environmental exposure to cadmium , even at low levels , may increase the risk of osteoporosis , and that the bone demineralization is not just a secondary effect of renal dysfunction induced by high doses of cadmium as previously reported .
To investigate the effect of exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce kidney damage on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and bone metabolism , we conducted health examinations on 1380 female farmers from five districts in Japan who consumed rice contaminated by low-to-moderate levels of cadmium .
We collected peripheral blood and urine samples and medical and nutritional information , and measured forearm BMD .
Analysis of the data for subjects grouped by urinary cadmium level and age-related menstrual status suggested that cadmium accelerates both the increase of urinary calcium excretion around the time of menopause and the subsequent decrease in bone density after menopause .
However , multivariate analyses showed no significant contribution of cadmium to bone density or urinary calcium excretion , indicating that the results mentioned above were confounded by other factors .
These results indicate that environmental exposure to cadmium at levels insufficient to induce renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of osteoporosis , strongly supporting the established explanation for bone injury induced by cadmium as a secondary effect . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some recent research suggests that environmental exposure to cadmium , even at low levels , may increase the risk of osteoporosis , and that the bone demineralization is not just a secondary effect of renal dysfunction induced by high doses of cadmium as previously reported . To investigate the effect of exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce kidney damage on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and bone metabolism , we conducted health examinations on 1380 female farmers from five districts in Japan who consumed rice contaminated by low-to-moderate levels of cadmium . We collected peripheral blood and urine samples and medical and nutritional information , and measured forearm BMD . Analysis of the data for subjects grouped by urinary cadmium level and age-related menstrual status suggested that cadmium accelerates both the increase of urinary calcium excretion around the time of menopause and the subsequent decrease in bone density after menopause . However , multivariate analyses showed no significant contribution of cadmium to bone density or urinary calcium excretion , indicating that the results mentioned above were confounded by other factors . These results indicate that environmental exposure to cadmium at levels insufficient to induce renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of osteoporosis , strongly supporting the established explanation for bone injury induced by cadmium as a secondary effect .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some recent research suggests that environmental exposure to cadmium , even at low levels , may increase the risk of osteoporosis , and that the bone demineralization is not just a secondary effect of renal dysfunction induced by high doses of cadmium as previously reported . To investigate the effect of exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce kidney damage on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and bone metabolism , we conducted health examinations on 1380 female farmers from five districts in Japan who consumed rice contaminated by low-to-moderate levels of cadmium . We collected peripheral blood and urine samples and medical and nutritional information , and measured forearm BMD . Analysis of the data for subjects grouped by urinary cadmium level and age-related menstrual status suggested that cadmium accelerates both the increase of urinary calcium excretion around the time of menopause and the subsequent decrease in bone density after menopause . However , multivariate analyses showed no significant contribution of cadmium to bone density or urinary calcium excretion , indicating that the results mentioned above were confounded by other factors . These results indicate that environmental exposure to cadmium at levels insufficient to induce renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of osteoporosis , strongly supporting the established explanation for bone injury induced by cadmium as a secondary effect .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some recent research suggests that environmental exposure to cadmium , even at low levels , may increase the risk of osteoporosis , and that the bone demineralization is not just a secondary effect of renal dysfunction induced by high doses of cadmium as previously reported . To investigate the effect of exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce kidney damage on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and bone metabolism , we conducted health examinations on 1380 female farmers from five districts in Japan who consumed rice contaminated by low-to-moderate levels of cadmium . We collected peripheral blood and urine samples and medical and nutritional information , and measured forearm BMD . Analysis of the data for subjects grouped by urinary cadmium level and age-related menstrual status suggested that cadmium accelerates both the increase of urinary calcium excretion around the time of menopause and the subsequent decrease in bone density after menopause . However , multivariate analyses showed no significant contribution of cadmium to bone density or urinary calcium excretion , indicating that the results mentioned above were confounded by other factors . These results indicate that environmental exposure to cadmium at levels insufficient to induce renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of osteoporosis , strongly supporting the established explanation for bone injury induced by cadmium as a secondary effect .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Protective effects of 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D -glucopyranosyloxy-flavone on experimental hepatic injury .
| | Author: Xu DH Mei XT Chen Y Li YM Lv JY Xu SB .
| | Journal: World J Gastroenterol .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15793860 Accession (PMID): 15793860 | | Abstract: AIM : To investigate the pharmacological effects of rice flavone ( 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-flavone , RF ) separated from panicle-differentiating to flowing rice on rat experimental hepatic injury .
METHODS : Models of rat acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ( 4 ) ) administration , rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , injury of primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl ( 4 ) , respectively , were established .
After treated with RF , content of serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and albumin ( Alb ) , hyaluronic acid ( HA ) , the activity of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and hydroxyproline ( Hyp ) were measured and liver it issue was observed pathologically by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining .
Effects of RF on pathological changes , function index , enzyme of scavenging free radicals and blood rheology were evaluated .
RESULTS : In model of rat acute hepatic injury induced by CCl ( 4 ) , RF can significantly decrease the contents of serum ALT , AST , increase the content of Alb , improve the dropsy and fat denaturalization of hepatocytes .
In model of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , RF can inhibit the increase of HA , Hyp and whole blood viscosity , and improve the activities of GSH-Px and SOD , and inauricular microcirculation .
CONCLUSION : RF has apparent protective effects on hepatic injury by increasing activity of GSH-Px and SOD , scavenging free radicals produced by CCl ( 4 ) , reducing blood viscosity , and improving microcirculation and blood supply . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To investigate the pharmacological effects of rice flavone ( 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-flavone , RF ) separated from panicle-differentiating to flowing rice on rat experimental hepatic injury . METHODS : Models of rat acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ( 4 ) ) administration , rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , injury of primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl ( 4 ) , respectively , were established . After treated with RF , content of serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and albumin ( Alb ) , hyaluronic acid ( HA ) , the activity of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and hydroxyproline ( Hyp ) were measured and liver it issue was observed pathologically by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining . Effects of RF on pathological changes , function index , enzyme of scavenging free radicals and blood rheology were evaluated . RESULTS : In model of rat acute hepatic injury induced by CCl ( 4 ) , RF can significantly decrease the contents of serum ALT , AST , increase the content of Alb , improve the dropsy and fat denaturalization of hepatocytes . In model of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , RF can inhibit the increase of HA , Hyp and whole blood viscosity , and improve the activities of GSH-Px and SOD , and inauricular microcirculation . CONCLUSION : RF has apparent protective effects on hepatic injury by increasing activity of GSH-Px and SOD , scavenging free radicals produced by CCl ( 4 ) , reducing blood viscosity , and improving microcirculation and blood supply .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To investigate the pharmacological effects of rice flavone ( 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-flavone , RF ) separated from panicle-differentiating to flowing rice on rat experimental hepatic injury . METHODS : Models of rat acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ( 4 ) ) administration , rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , injury of primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl ( 4 ) , respectively , were established . After treated with RF , content of serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and albumin ( Alb ) , hyaluronic acid ( HA ) , the activity of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and hydroxyproline ( Hyp ) were measured and liver it issue was observed pathologically by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining . Effects of RF on pathological changes , function index , enzyme of scavenging free radicals and blood rheology were evaluated . RESULTS : In model of rat acute hepatic injury induced by CCl ( 4 ) , RF can significantly decrease the contents of serum ALT , AST , increase the content of Alb , improve the dropsy and fat denaturalization of hepatocytes . In model of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , RF can inhibit the increase of HA , Hyp and whole blood viscosity , and improve the activities of GSH-Px and SOD , and inauricular microcirculation . CONCLUSION : RF has apparent protective effects on hepatic injury by increasing activity of GSH-Px and SOD , scavenging free radicals produced by CCl ( 4 ) , reducing blood viscosity , and improving microcirculation and blood supply .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To investigate the pharmacological effects of rice flavone ( 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-flavone , RF ) separated from panicle-differentiating to flowing rice on rat experimental hepatic injury . METHODS : Models of rat acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ( 4 ) ) administration , rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , injury of primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl ( 4 ) , respectively , were established . After treated with RF , content of serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and albumin ( Alb ) , hyaluronic acid ( HA ) , the activity of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and hydroxyproline ( Hyp ) were measured and liver it issue was observed pathologically by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining . Effects of RF on pathological changes , function index , enzyme of scavenging free radicals and blood rheology were evaluated . RESULTS : In model of rat acute hepatic injury induced by CCl ( 4 ) , RF can significantly decrease the contents of serum ALT , AST , increase the content of Alb , improve the dropsy and fat denaturalization of hepatocytes . In model of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , RF can inhibit the increase of HA , Hyp and whole blood viscosity , and improve the activities of GSH-Px and SOD , and inauricular microcirculation . CONCLUSION : RF has apparent protective effects on hepatic injury by increasing activity of GSH-Px and SOD , scavenging free radicals produced by CCl ( 4 ) , reducing blood viscosity , and improving microcirculation and blood supply .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) of the rice leaffolder , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( Insecta : Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
| | Author: Nathan SS Kalaivani K Murugan K | | Journal: Ecotoxicol . Environ . Saf . Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16033698 Accession (PMID): 16033698 | | Abstract: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated .
Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination .
When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration .
There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested .
The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition .
Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated . Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination . When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration . There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested . The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition . Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated . Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination . When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration . There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested . The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition . Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated . Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination . When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration . There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested . The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition . Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Efficient insertional mutagenesis in rice using the maize En/Spm elements .
| | Author: Kumar CS Wing RA Sundaresan V | | Journal: Plant J Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16297077 Accession (PMID): 16297077 | | Abstract: We have developed a novel system for insertional mutagenesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) based on the maize ( Zea mays ) enhancer/suppressor mutator ( En/Spm ) element .
In this system , a single T-DNA construct with Spm-transposase and the non-autonomous defective suppressor mutator ( dSpm ) element is used in conjunction with green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) and Discosoma sp .
Red Fluorescence Protein ( DsRed ) fluorescent markers to select unlinked stable transpositions of dSpm .
Using this system , we could demonstrate high frequencies of unlinked germinal transposition of dSpm in rice .
Analysis of dSpm flanking sequences from 353 stable insertion lines revealed that the dSpm insertions appear to be widely distributed on rice chromosomes with a preference for genic regions ( 70% ) .
The dSpm insertions appear to differ from Activator-Dissociation ( Ac-Ds ) elements in genomic distribution and exhibit a greater fraction of unlinked transpositions when compared with Ds elements .
The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the maize En/Spm element can be used as an effective tool for functional genomics in rice and can complement efforts using other insertional mutagens .
Further , the efficacy of the non-invasive fluorescence-based selection system is promising for its application to other crops . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: We have developed a novel system for insertional mutagenesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) based on the maize ( Zea mays ) enhancer/suppressor mutator ( En/Spm ) element . In this system , a single T-DNA construct with Spm-transposase and the non-autonomous defective suppressor mutator ( dSpm ) element is used in conjunction with green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) and Discosoma sp . Red Fluorescence Protein ( DsRed ) fluorescent markers to select unlinked stable transpositions of dSpm . Using this system , we could demonstrate high frequencies of unlinked germinal transposition of dSpm in rice . Analysis of dSpm flanking sequences from 353 stable insertion lines revealed that the dSpm insertions appear to be widely distributed on rice chromosomes with a preference for genic regions ( 70% ) . The dSpm insertions appear to differ from Activator-Dissociation ( Ac-Ds ) elements in genomic distribution and exhibit a greater fraction of unlinked transpositions when compared with Ds elements . The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the maize En/Spm element can be used as an effective tool for functional genomics in rice and can complement efforts using other insertional mutagens . Further , the efficacy of the non-invasive fluorescence-based selection system is promising for its application to other crops .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have developed a novel system for insertional mutagenesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) based on the maize ( Zea mays ) enhancer/suppressor mutator ( En/Spm ) element . In this system , a single T-DNA construct with Spm-transposase and the non-autonomous defective suppressor mutator ( dSpm ) element is used in conjunction with green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) and Discosoma sp . Red Fluorescence Protein ( DsRed ) fluorescent markers to select unlinked stable transpositions of dSpm . Using this system , we could demonstrate high frequencies of unlinked germinal transposition of dSpm in rice . Analysis of dSpm flanking sequences from 353 stable insertion lines revealed that the dSpm insertions appear to be widely distributed on rice chromosomes with a preference for genic regions ( 70% ) . The dSpm insertions appear to differ from Activator-Dissociation ( Ac-Ds ) elements in genomic distribution and exhibit a greater fraction of unlinked transpositions when compared with Ds elements . The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the maize En/Spm element can be used as an effective tool for functional genomics in rice and can complement efforts using other insertional mutagens . Further , the efficacy of the non-invasive fluorescence-based selection system is promising for its application to other crops .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Global assessment of nitrogen fertilizer : the SCOPE/IGBP nitrogen fertilizer rapid assessment project .
| | Author: Mosier AR Syers JK Freney JR .
| | Journal: Sci .
China , C , Life Sci .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16512199 Accession (PMID): 16512199 | | Abstract: Nitrogen ( N ) availability is a key role in food and fiber production .
Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human population .
To continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems , significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems .
There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment .
Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment , and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer project .
To address this important issue , a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer ( NFRAP ) was conducted by SCOPE ( the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment ) during late 2003 and early 2004 .
This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative ( INI ) .
As part of this assessment , a successful international workshop was held in Kampala , Uganda on 12 -16 January , 2004 .
This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems , with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the environment .
Regionalization of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China .
The results of the assessment are presented in a book ( SCOPE 65 ) which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nitrogen ( N ) availability is a key role in food and fiber production . Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human population . To continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems , significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems . There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment . Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment , and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer project . To address this important issue , a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer ( NFRAP ) was conducted by SCOPE ( the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment ) during late 2003 and early 2004 . This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative ( INI ) . As part of this assessment , a successful international workshop was held in Kampala , Uganda on 12 -16 January , 2004 . This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems , with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the environment . Regionalization of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China . The results of the assessment are presented in a book ( SCOPE 65 ) which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nitrogen ( N ) availability is a key role in food and fiber production . Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human population . To continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems , significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems . There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment . Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment , and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer project . To address this important issue , a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer ( NFRAP ) was conducted by SCOPE ( the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment ) during late 2003 and early 2004 . This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative ( INI ) . As part of this assessment , a successful international workshop was held in Kampala , Uganda on 12 -16 January , 2004 . This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems , with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the environment . Regionalization of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China . The results of the assessment are presented in a book ( SCOPE 65 ) which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nitrogen ( N ) availability is a key role in food and fiber production . Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human population . To continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems , significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems . There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment . Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment , and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer project . To address this important issue , a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer ( NFRAP ) was conducted by SCOPE ( the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment ) during late 2003 and early 2004 . This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative ( INI ) . As part of this assessment , a successful international workshop was held in Kampala , Uganda on 12 -16 January , 2004 . This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems , with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the environment . Regionalization of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China . The results of the assessment are presented in a book ( SCOPE 65 ) which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Impact assessment of cadmium contamination on rice ( Oryza sativa L ) seedlings at molecular and population levels using multiple biomarkers .
| | Author: Liu W Yang YS Zhou Q Xie L Li P Sun T | | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17184821 Accession (PMID): 17184821 | | Abstract: Assessment of environmental contamination on ecology ( plant ) at molecular and population levels is important in risk quantification and remediation study .
Random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) assay and related other fingerprinting techniques have been employed to detect the genotoxin-induced DNA damage and mutations .
This research compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium ( Cd ) concentrations of 15-60mgl ( -1 ) for 8 days with quartz sand culture .
Inhibition of root growth and increase of total soluble protein content in root tips of rice seedlings were observed with the increase of Cd concentration .
For the RAPD analyses , 12 RAPD primers of 50-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 180 bands of 179-3056 bp in molecular size in the control root tips of rice seedlings .
Results produced by these RAPD primers indicate that changes in RAPD profiles of root tips after Cd treatment include modifications in band intensity and gain or loss of bands by comparison with control .
The effect of changes was dose-dependent .
Genomic template stability compares favourably with the traditional indices such as root growth and soluble protein content .
The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd contamination on plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of environmental contamination on ecology ( plant ) at molecular and population levels is important in risk quantification and remediation study . Random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) assay and related other fingerprinting techniques have been employed to detect the genotoxin-induced DNA damage and mutations . This research compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium ( Cd ) concentrations of 15-60mgl ( -1 ) for 8 days with quartz sand culture . Inhibition of root growth and increase of total soluble protein content in root tips of rice seedlings were observed with the increase of Cd concentration . For the RAPD analyses , 12 RAPD primers of 50-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 180 bands of 179-3056 bp in molecular size in the control root tips of rice seedlings . Results produced by these RAPD primers indicate that changes in RAPD profiles of root tips after Cd treatment include modifications in band intensity and gain or loss of bands by comparison with control . The effect of changes was dose-dependent . Genomic template stability compares favourably with the traditional indices such as root growth and soluble protein content . The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd contamination on plants .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of environmental contamination on ecology ( plant ) at molecular and population levels is important in risk quantification and remediation study . Random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) assay and related other fingerprinting techniques have been employed to detect the genotoxin-induced DNA damage and mutations . This research compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium ( Cd ) concentrations of 15-60mgl ( -1 ) for 8 days with quartz sand culture . Inhibition of root growth and increase of total soluble protein content in root tips of rice seedlings were observed with the increase of Cd concentration . For the RAPD analyses , 12 RAPD primers of 50-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 180 bands of 179-3056 bp in molecular size in the control root tips of rice seedlings . Results produced by these RAPD primers indicate that changes in RAPD profiles of root tips after Cd treatment include modifications in band intensity and gain or loss of bands by comparison with control . The effect of changes was dose-dependent . Genomic template stability compares favourably with the traditional indices such as root growth and soluble protein content . The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd contamination on plants .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of environmental contamination on ecology ( plant ) at molecular and population levels is important in risk quantification and remediation study . Random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) assay and related other fingerprinting techniques have been employed to detect the genotoxin-induced DNA damage and mutations . This research compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium ( Cd ) concentrations of 15-60mgl ( -1 ) for 8 days with quartz sand culture . Inhibition of root growth and increase of total soluble protein content in root tips of rice seedlings were observed with the increase of Cd concentration . For the RAPD analyses , 12 RAPD primers of 50-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 180 bands of 179-3056 bp in molecular size in the control root tips of rice seedlings . Results produced by these RAPD primers indicate that changes in RAPD profiles of root tips after Cd treatment include modifications in band intensity and gain or loss of bands by comparison with control . The effect of changes was dose-dependent . Genomic template stability compares favourably with the traditional indices such as root growth and soluble protein content . The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd contamination on plants .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Two native pools of phytochrome A in monocots : evidence from fluorescence investigations of phytochrome mutants of rice .
| | Author: Sineshchekov V Loskovich A Inagaki N Takano M | | Journal: Photochem . Photobiol . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17205634 Accession (PMID): 17205634 | | Abstract: Fluorescence investigations of phytochrome ( phy ) in rice ( Oryza sativa L cv .
Nipponbare ) mutants deficient in phyA , phyB and phyA plus phyB were performed .
Total content of the pigment ( P ( tot ) ) and its spectroscopic and photochemical characteristics were determined in different parts of the dark-grown and far-red light ( FR ) -grown coleoptiles .
Spectroscopically , phyA in the phyB mutant was identical to phyA in the wild-type ( WT ) and the extent of the conversion from Pr to lumi-R at 85 K was the same for phyA in both lines and varied similarly , depending on the part of the coleoptile used .
The latter finding proved that phyA in rice is heterogeneous and comprises two phyA populations , phyA and phyA" .
Functional properties of phyA were also determined .
In the dark the phyB mutant had a higher content of phyA , inactive protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide633 ) and active protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide655 ) than WT and its coleoptile was longer , indicating that phyB may affect the development of WT seedlings in the dark .
Constant FR drastically reduced the content of phyA , Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 and brought about coleoptile shortening and appearance of the first leaf , whereas pulsed FR of equal fluence was less effective .
This suggested that the reactions were primarily of the high irradiance responses type , which are likely to be mediated by phyA .
The effects on protochlorophyllide biosynthesis and growth responses type were more pronounced in the phyB mutant than in the WT seedlings , which can be connected with the higher phyA content in the phyB mutant and/or phyB interference with its action in WT seedlings .
In the phyA mutant induction of Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 biosynthesis was observed under constant FR , indicating that phyC may be responsible for this effect . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fluorescence investigations of phytochrome ( phy ) in rice ( Oryza sativa L cv . Nipponbare ) mutants deficient in phyA , phyB and phyA plus phyB were performed . Total content of the pigment ( P ( tot ) ) and its spectroscopic and photochemical characteristics were determined in different parts of the dark-grown and far-red light ( FR ) -grown coleoptiles . Spectroscopically , phyA in the phyB mutant was identical to phyA in the wild-type ( WT ) and the extent of the conversion from Pr to lumi-R at 85 K was the same for phyA in both lines and varied similarly , depending on the part of the coleoptile used . The latter finding proved that phyA in rice is heterogeneous and comprises two phyA populations , phyA and phyA" . Functional properties of phyA were also determined . In the dark the phyB mutant had a higher content of phyA , inactive protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide633 ) and active protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide655 ) than WT and its coleoptile was longer , indicating that phyB may affect the development of WT seedlings in the dark . Constant FR drastically reduced the content of phyA , Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 and brought about coleoptile shortening and appearance of the first leaf , whereas pulsed FR of equal fluence was less effective . This suggested that the reactions were primarily of the high irradiance responses type , which are likely to be mediated by phyA . The effects on protochlorophyllide biosynthesis and growth responses type were more pronounced in the phyB mutant than in the WT seedlings , which can be connected with the higher phyA content in the phyB mutant and/or phyB interference with its action in WT seedlings . In the phyA mutant induction of Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 biosynthesis was observed under constant FR , indicating that phyC may be responsible for this effect .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fluorescence investigations of phytochrome ( phy ) in rice ( Oryza sativa L cv . Nipponbare ) mutants deficient in phyA , phyB and phyA plus phyB were performed . Total content of the pigment ( P ( tot ) ) and its spectroscopic and photochemical characteristics were determined in different parts of the dark-grown and far-red light ( FR ) -grown coleoptiles . Spectroscopically , phyA in the phyB mutant was identical to phyA in the wild-type ( WT ) and the extent of the conversion from Pr to lumi-R at 85 K was the same for phyA in both lines and varied similarly , depending on the part of the coleoptile used . The latter finding proved that phyA in rice is heterogeneous and comprises two phyA populations , phyA and phyA" . Functional properties of phyA were also determined . In the dark the phyB mutant had a higher content of phyA , inactive protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide633 ) and active protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide655 ) than WT and its coleoptile was longer , indicating that phyB may affect the development of WT seedlings in the dark . Constant FR drastically reduced the content of phyA , Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 and brought about coleoptile shortening and appearance of the first leaf , whereas pulsed FR of equal fluence was less effective . This suggested that the reactions were primarily of the high irradiance responses type , which are likely to be mediated by phyA . The effects on protochlorophyllide biosynthesis and growth responses type were more pronounced in the phyB mutant than in the WT seedlings , which can be connected with the higher phyA content in the phyB mutant and/or phyB interference with its action in WT seedlings . In the phyA mutant induction of Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 biosynthesis was observed under constant FR , indicating that phyC may be responsible for this effect .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nipponbare ) mutants deficient in phyA , phyB and phyA plus phyB were performed . Total content of the pigment ( P ( tot ) ) and its spectroscopic and photochemical characteristics were determined in different parts of the dark-grown and far-red light ( FR ) -grown coleoptiles . Spectroscopically , phyA in the phyB mutant was identical to phyA in the wild-type ( WT ) and the extent of the conversion from Pr to lumi-R at 85 K was the same for phyA in both lines and varied similarly , depending on the part of the coleoptile used . The latter finding proved that phyA in rice is heterogeneous and comprises two phyA populations , phyA and phyA" . Functional properties of phyA were also determined . In the dark the phyB mutant had a higher content of phyA , inactive protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide633 ) and active protochlorophyllide ( Pchlide655 ) than WT and its coleoptile was longer , indicating that phyB may affect the development of WT seedlings in the dark . Constant FR drastically reduced the content of phyA , Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 and brought about coleoptile shortening and appearance of the first leaf , whereas pulsed FR of equal fluence was less effective . This suggested that the reactions were primarily of the high irradiance responses type , which are likely to be mediated by phyA . The effects on protochlorophyllide biosynthesis and growth responses type were more pronounced in the phyB mutant than in the WT seedlings , which can be connected with the higher phyA content in the phyB mutant and/or phyB interference with its action in WT seedlings . In the phyA mutant induction of Pchlide633 and Pchlide655 biosynthesis was observed under constant FR , indicating that phyC may be responsible for this effect .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Rice Allelopathy Induced by Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl Salicylate .
| | Author: Bi HH Zeng RS Su LM An M Luo SM .
| | Journal: Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17415624 Accession (PMID): 17415624 | | Abstract: Methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) and methyl salicylate ( MeSA ) are important signaling molecules that induce plant defense against insect herbivores and microbial pathogens .
We tested the hypothesis that allelopathy is an inducible defense mechanism , and that the JA and SA signaling pathways may activate allelochemicals release .
Exogenous application of MeJA and MeSA to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) enhanced rice allelopathic potential and led to accumulation of phenolics , an increase in enzymatic activities , and gene transcription of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ( C4H ) , two key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway .
Aqueous extracts of the leaves of rice IAC165 , a putative allelopathic variety , treated with MeSA ( 5 mM ) or MeJA ( 0 . 05 mM ) , showed increased inhibitory effects ( 25 and 21% , respectively ) on root growth of barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli L ) , and increased inhibitory effects ( 18 and 23% , respectively ) on shoot growth .
Aqueous extracts from leaves of Huajingxian 1 rice , a putative nonallelopathic variety treated with MeJA and MeSA , caused 63 and 24% inhibition of root growth in barnyardgrass seedlings .
The root exudates of both IAC165 and Huajingxian 1 plants treated with MeJA and MeSA for 48 hr also showed significant increases in their inhibitory effects on root growth of barnyardgrass seedlings .
At the four-leaf stage , levels of 3 , 4-hydroxybenzoic acid , vanillic acid , coumaric acid , and ferulic acid that accumulated in the leaves were 5 . 3- , 31 . 3- , 2 . 2- , and 1 . 7-fold higher in response to MeJA exposure , and 3 . 3- , 13 . 1- , 2 . 0- , and 2 . 2-fold higher in response to MeSA .
Treatments of MeSA and MeJA enhanced the PAL activity in the rice leaves up to 52 . 3 and 80 . 1% , respectively , whereas C4H activity was increased by 40 . 2 and 67% .
Gene transcription of PAL and C4H in rice leaves significantly increased after the plants were subjected to treatment with MeJA and MeSA .
These results suggest that allelopathy may be an active defense mechanism , and that plant signaling compounds are potentially valuable in its regulation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) and methyl salicylate ( MeSA ) are important signaling molecules that induce plant defense against insect herbivores and microbial pathogens . We tested the hypothesis that allelopathy is an inducible defense mechanism , and that the JA and SA signaling pathways may activate allelochemicals release . Exogenous application of MeJA and MeSA to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) enhanced rice allelopathic potential and led to accumulation of phenolics , an increase in enzymatic activities , and gene transcription of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ( C4H ) , two key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway . Aqueous extracts of the leaves of rice IAC165 , a putative allelopathic variety , treated with MeSA ( 5 mM ) or MeJA ( 0 . 05 mM ) , showed increased inhibitory effects ( 25 and 21% , respectively ) on root growth of barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli L ) , and increased inhibitory effects ( 18 and 23% , respectively ) on shoot growth . Aqueous extracts from leaves of Huajingxian 1 rice , a putative nonallelopathic variety treated with MeJA and MeSA , caused 63 and 24% inhibition of root growth in barnyardgrass seedlings . The root exudates of both IAC165 and Huajingxian 1 plants treated with MeJA and MeSA for 48 hr also showed significant increases in their inhibitory effects on root growth of barnyardgrass seedlings . At the four-leaf stage , levels of 3 , 4-hydroxybenzoic acid , vanillic acid , coumaric acid , and ferulic acid that accumulated in the leaves were 5 . 3- , 31 . 3- , 2 . 2- , and 1 . 7-fold higher in response to MeJA exposure , and 3 . 3- , 13 . 1- , 2 . 0- , and 2 . 2-fold higher in response to MeSA . Treatments of MeSA and MeJA enhanced the PAL activity in the rice leaves up to 52 . 3 and 80 . 1% , respectively , whereas C4H activity was increased by 40 . 2 and 67% . Gene transcription of PAL and C4H in rice leaves significantly increased after the plants were subjected to treatment with MeJA and MeSA . These results suggest that allelopathy may be an active defense mechanism , and that plant signaling compounds are potentially valuable in its regulation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) and methyl salicylate ( MeSA ) are important signaling molecules that induce plant defense against insect herbivores and microbial pathogens . We tested the hypothesis that allelopathy is an inducible defense mechanism , and that the JA and SA signaling pathways may activate allelochemicals release . Exogenous application of MeJA and MeSA to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) enhanced rice allelopathic potential and led to accumulation of phenolics , an increase in enzymatic activities , and gene transcription of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ( C4H ) , two key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway . Aqueous extracts of the leaves of rice IAC165 , a putative allelopathic variety , treated with MeSA ( 5 mM ) or MeJA ( 0 . 05 mM ) , showed increased inhibitory effects ( 25 and 21% , respectively ) on root growth of barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli L ) , and increased inhibitory effects ( 18 and 23% , respectively ) on shoot growth . Aqueous extracts from leaves of Huajingxian 1 rice , a putative nonallelopathic variety treated with MeJA and MeSA , caused 63 and 24% inhibition of root growth in barnyardgrass seedlings . The root exudates of both IAC165 and Huajingxian 1 plants treated with MeJA and MeSA for 48 hr also showed significant increases in their inhibitory effects on root growth of barnyardgrass seedlings . At the four-leaf stage , levels of 3 , 4-hydroxybenzoic acid , vanillic acid , coumaric acid , and ferulic acid that accumulated in the leaves were 5 . 3- , 31 . 3- , 2 . 2- , and 1 . 7-fold higher in response to MeJA exposure , and 3 . 3- , 13 . 1- , 2 . 0- , and 2 . 2-fold higher in response to MeSA . Treatments of MeSA and MeJA enhanced the PAL activity in the rice leaves up to 52 . 3 and 80 . 1% , respectively , whereas C4H activity was increased by 40 . 2 and 67% . Gene transcription of PAL and C4H in rice leaves significantly increased after the plants were subjected to treatment with MeJA and MeSA . These results suggest that allelopathy may be an active defense mechanism , and that plant signaling compounds are potentially valuable in its regulation .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: In vivo tumor inhibitory effects of nutritional rice bran supplement MGN-3/Biobran on Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice .
| | Author: Badr El-Din NK Noaman E Ghoneum M | | Journal: Nutr Cancer Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18444156 Accession (PMID): 18444156 | | Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of MGN-3/Biobran , a modified arabinoxylan rice bran .
Swiss albino mice were inoculated intramuscularly in the right thigh with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) cells .
On Day 8 , mice bearing a solid Ehrlich carcinoma ( SEC ) tumor were treated with MGN-3 via intraperitoneal injection .
Tumor growth , cytokine production , and apoptotic effect of MGN-3 were examined .
MGN-3 caused a highly significant delay in both tumor volume ( 63 . 27% ) and tumor weight ( 45 . 2% ) as compared to controls ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
The mechanisms by which MGN-3 exerts its antitumor effect seem to involve its ability to induce apoptosis and immune modulation .
MGN-3 induced a 1 . 8-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic SEC cells as determined by flow cytometry and the histopathological examination .
In addition , MGN-3 influenced plasma cytokine production by increasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma , while downregulating levels of the immune suppressing cytokine interleukin-10 .
Data also showed that non-tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with MGN-3 resulted in a twofold increase in natural killer activity .
No adverse side effects due to MGN-3 treatment were observed ; all animals displayed normal feeding/drinking and life activity patterns .
These data may have clinical implications for the treatment of solid cancers .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of MGN-3/Biobran , a modified arabinoxylan rice bran . Swiss albino mice were inoculated intramuscularly in the right thigh with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) cells . On Day 8 , mice bearing a solid Ehrlich carcinoma ( SEC ) tumor were treated with MGN-3 via intraperitoneal injection . Tumor growth , cytokine production , and apoptotic effect of MGN-3 were examined . MGN-3 caused a highly significant delay in both tumor volume ( 63 . 27% ) and tumor weight ( 45 . 2% ) as compared to controls ( P < 0 . 01 ) . The mechanisms by which MGN-3 exerts its antitumor effect seem to involve its ability to induce apoptosis and immune modulation . MGN-3 induced a 1 . 8-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic SEC cells as determined by flow cytometry and the histopathological examination . In addition , MGN-3 influenced plasma cytokine production by increasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma , while downregulating levels of the immune suppressing cytokine interleukin-10 . Data also showed that non-tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with MGN-3 resulted in a twofold increase in natural killer activity . No adverse side effects due to MGN-3 treatment were observed ; all animals displayed normal feeding/drinking and life activity patterns . These data may have clinical implications for the treatment of solid cancers .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of MGN-3/Biobran , a modified arabinoxylan rice bran . Swiss albino mice were inoculated intramuscularly in the right thigh with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) cells . On Day 8 , mice bearing a solid Ehrlich carcinoma ( SEC ) tumor were treated with MGN-3 via intraperitoneal injection . Tumor growth , cytokine production , and apoptotic effect of MGN-3 were examined . MGN-3 caused a highly significant delay in both tumor volume ( 63 . 27% ) and tumor weight ( 45 . 2% ) as compared to controls ( P < 0 . 01 ) . The mechanisms by which MGN-3 exerts its antitumor effect seem to involve its ability to induce apoptosis and immune modulation . MGN-3 induced a 1 . 8-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic SEC cells as determined by flow cytometry and the histopathological examination . In addition , MGN-3 influenced plasma cytokine production by increasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma , while downregulating levels of the immune suppressing cytokine interleukin-10 . Data also showed that non-tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with MGN-3 resulted in a twofold increase in natural killer activity . No adverse side effects due to MGN-3 treatment were observed ; all animals displayed normal feeding/drinking and life activity patterns . These data may have clinical implications for the treatment of solid cancers .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of MGN-3/Biobran , a modified arabinoxylan rice bran . Swiss albino mice were inoculated intramuscularly in the right thigh with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) cells . On Day 8 , mice bearing a solid Ehrlich carcinoma ( SEC ) tumor were treated with MGN-3 via intraperitoneal injection . Tumor growth , cytokine production , and apoptotic effect of MGN-3 were examined . MGN-3 caused a highly significant delay in both tumor volume ( 63 . 27% ) and tumor weight ( 45 . 2% ) as compared to controls ( P < 0 . 01 ) . The mechanisms by which MGN-3 exerts its antitumor effect seem to involve its ability to induce apoptosis and immune modulation . MGN-3 induced a 1 . 8-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic SEC cells as determined by flow cytometry and the histopathological examination . In addition , MGN-3 influenced plasma cytokine production by increasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma , while downregulating levels of the immune suppressing cytokine interleukin-10 . Data also showed that non-tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with MGN-3 resulted in a twofold increase in natural killer activity . No adverse side effects due to MGN-3 treatment were observed ; all animals displayed normal feeding/drinking and life activity patterns . These data may have clinical implications for the treatment of solid cancers .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema .
| | Author: | | Journal: Ophthalmology Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18662829 Accession (PMID): 18662829 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone in comparison with focal/grid photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema ( DME ) .
DESIGN : Multicenter , randomized clinical trial PARTICIPANTS : Eight hundred forty study eyes of 693 subjects with DME involving the fovea and with visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/320 .
METHODS : Eyes were randomized to focal/grid photocoagulation ( n = 330 ) , 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone ( n = 256 ) , or 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone ( n = 254 ) .
Retreatment was given for persistent or new edema at 4-month intervals .
The primary outcome was evaluated at 2 years .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Visual acuity measured with the electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study method ( primary ) , optical coherence tomography-measured retinal thickness ( secondary ) , and safety .
RESULTS : At 4 months , mean visual acuity was better in the 4-mg triamcinolone group than in either the laser group ( P<0 . 001 ) or the 1-mg triamcinolone group ( P = 0 . 001 ) .
By 1 year , there were no significant differences among groups in mean visual acuity .
At the 16-month visit and extending through the primary outcome visit at 2 years , mean visual acuity was better in the laser group than in the other 2 groups ( at 2 years , P = 0 . 02 comparing the laser and 1-mg groups , P = 0 . 002 comparing the laser and 4-mg groups , and P = 0 . 49 comparing the 1-mg and 4-mg groups ) .
Treatment group differences in the visual acuity outcome could not be attributed solely to cataract formation .
Optical coherence tomography results generally paralleled the visual acuity results .
Intraocular pressure increased from baseline by 10 mmHg or more at any visit in 4% , 16% , and 33% of eyes in the 3 treatment groups , respectively , and cataract surgery was performed in 13% , 23% , and 51% of eyes in the 3 treatment groups , respectively .
CONCLUSIONS : Over a 2-year period , focal/grid photocoagulation is more effective and has fewer side effects than 1-mg or 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone for most patients with DME who have characteristics similar to the cohort in this clinical trial The results of this study also support that focal/grid photocoagulation currently should be the benchmark against which other treatments are compared in clinical trials of DME .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: Retreatment was given for persistent or new edema at 4-month intervals . The primary outcome was evaluated at 2 years . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Visual acuity measured with the electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study method ( primary ) , optical coherence tomography-measured retinal thickness ( secondary ) , and safety . RESULTS : At 4 months , mean visual acuity was better in the 4-mg triamcinolone group than in either the laser group ( P<0 . 001 ) or the 1-mg triamcinolone group ( P = 0 . 001 ) . By 1 year , there were no significant differences among groups in mean visual acuity . At the 16-month visit and extending through the primary outcome visit at 2 years , mean visual acuity was better in the laser group than in the other 2 groups ( at 2 years , P = 0 . 02 comparing the laser and 1-mg groups , P = 0 . 002 comparing the laser and 4-mg groups , and P = 0 . 49 comparing the 1-mg and 4-mg groups ) . Treatment group differences in the visual acuity outcome could not be attributed solely to cataract formation . Optical coherence tomography results generally paralleled the visual acuity results . Intraocular pressure increased from baseline by 10 mmHg or more at any visit in 4% , 16% , and 33% of eyes in the 3 treatment groups , respectively , and cataract surgery was performed in 13% , 23% , and 51% of eyes in the 3 treatment groups , respectively . CONCLUSIONS : Over a 2-year period , focal/grid photocoagulation is more effective and has fewer side effects than 1-mg or 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone for most patients with DME who have characteristics similar to the cohort in this clinical trial The results of this study also support that focal/grid photocoagulation currently should be the benchmark against which other treatments are compared in clinical trials of DME .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone in comparison with focal/grid photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema ( DME ) . DESIGN : Multicenter , randomized clinical trial PARTICIPANTS : Eight hundred forty study eyes of 693 subjects with DME involving the fovea and with visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/320 . METHODS : Eyes were randomized to focal/grid photocoagulation ( n = 330 ) , 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone ( n = 256 ) , or 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone ( n = 254 ) . Retreatment was given for persistent or new edema at 4-month intervals . The primary outcome was evaluated at 2 years . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Visual acuity measured with the electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study method ( primary ) , optical coherence tomography-measured retinal thickness ( secondary ) , and safety . RESULTS : At 4 months , mean visual acuity was better in the 4-mg triamcinolone group than in either the laser group ( P<0 . 001 ) or the 1-mg triamcinolone group ( P = 0 . 001 ) . By 1 year , there were no significant differences among groups in mean visual acuity . At the 16-month visit and extending through the primary outcome visit at 2 years , mean visual acuity was better in the laser group than in the other 2 groups ( at 2 years , P = 0 . 02 comparing the laser and 1-mg groups , P = 0 . 002 comparing the laser and 4-mg groups , and P = 0 . 49 comparing the 1-mg and 4-mg groups ) . Treatment group differences in the visual acuity outcome could not be attributed solely to cataract formation .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Stress adaptations in a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterium ( PGPR ) with increasing salinity in the coastal agricultural soils .
| | Author: Paul D Nair S | | Journal: J Basic Microbiol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18702073 Accession (PMID): 18702073 | | Abstract: The costs associated with soil salinity are potentially enormous and the effects of salinity may impact heavily on agriculture , biodiversity and the environment .
As the saline areas under agriculture are increasing every year across the globe , it is of much public concern .
Agricultural crops and soil microorganisms are affected with salinity .
As Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ( PGPR ) have been reported to be contributing to the plant health , the osmotolerance mechanisms of these PGPRs are of importance .
Pseudomonas fluorescens MSP-393 is a proven biocontrol agent for many of the crops grown in saline soils of coastal ecosystem .
Studies revealed that the root colonization potential of the strain was not hampered with higher salinity in soil .
As a means of salt tolerance , the strain de novo -synthesized , the osmolytes , Ala , Gly , Glu , Ser , Thr , and Asp in their cytosol .
To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance , the proteome analysis of the bacteria was carried out employing 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF .
Peptide mass fingerprinting and in silico investigation revealed the up regulation of many of salt regulated proteins .
It could be ascertained that the osmotolerance mechanisms of MSP-393 viz . de novo synthesis of osmolytes and over production of salt stress proteins effectively nullified the detrimental effects of high osmolarity .
MSP-393 could serve as a suitable bioinoculant for crops grown in saline soils .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: The costs associated with soil salinity are potentially enormous and the effects of salinity may impact heavily on agriculture , biodiversity and the environment . As the saline areas under agriculture are increasing every year across the globe , it is of much public concern . Agricultural crops and soil microorganisms are affected with salinity . As Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ( PGPR ) have been reported to be contributing to the plant health , the osmotolerance mechanisms of these PGPRs are of importance . Pseudomonas fluorescens MSP-393 is a proven biocontrol agent for many of the crops grown in saline soils of coastal ecosystem . Studies revealed that the root colonization potential of the strain was not hampered with higher salinity in soil . As a means of salt tolerance , the strain de novo -synthesized , the osmolytes , Ala , Gly , Glu , Ser , Thr , and Asp in their cytosol . To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance , the proteome analysis of the bacteria was carried out employing 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF . Peptide mass fingerprinting and in silico investigation revealed the up regulation of many of salt regulated proteins . It could be ascertained that the osmotolerance mechanisms of MSP-393 viz . de novo synthesis of osmolytes and over production of salt stress proteins effectively nullified the detrimental effects of high osmolarity . MSP-393 could serve as a suitable bioinoculant for crops grown in saline soils .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The costs associated with soil salinity are potentially enormous and the effects of salinity may impact heavily on agriculture , biodiversity and the environment . As the saline areas under agriculture are increasing every year across the globe , it is of much public concern . Agricultural crops and soil microorganisms are affected with salinity . As Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ( PGPR ) have been reported to be contributing to the plant health , the osmotolerance mechanisms of these PGPRs are of importance . Pseudomonas fluorescens MSP-393 is a proven biocontrol agent for many of the crops grown in saline soils of coastal ecosystem . Studies revealed that the root colonization potential of the strain was not hampered with higher salinity in soil . As a means of salt tolerance , the strain de novo -synthesized , the osmolytes , Ala , Gly , Glu , Ser , Thr , and Asp in their cytosol . To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance , the proteome analysis of the bacteria was carried out employing 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF . Peptide mass fingerprinting and in silico investigation revealed the up regulation of many of salt regulated proteins . It could be ascertained that the osmotolerance mechanisms of MSP-393 viz . de novo synthesis of osmolytes and over production of salt stress proteins effectively nullified the detrimental effects of high osmolarity .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Missing in action : the effect of obstacle position and size on avoidance while reaching .
| | Author: Chapman CS Goodale MA | | Journal: Exp Brain Res Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18716765 Accession (PMID): 18716765 | | Abstract: When reaching to objects , our hand and arm rarely collide with non-target objects , even if our workspace is cluttered .
The simplicity of these actions hides what must be a relatively sophisticated obstacle avoidance system .
Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) .
The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace .
In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration .
We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects .
These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip .
Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand .
In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth .
Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall .
We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects .
Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach .
Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: When reaching to objects , our hand and arm rarely collide with non-target objects , even if our workspace is cluttered . The simplicity of these actions hides what must be a relatively sophisticated obstacle avoidance system . Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) . The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace . In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration . We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects . These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip . Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand . In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth . Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall . We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects . Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach . Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The simplicity of these actions hides what must be a relatively sophisticated obstacle avoidance system . Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) . The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace . In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration . We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects . These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip . Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand . In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth . Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall . We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects . Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach . Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) . The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace . In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration . We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects . These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip . Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand . In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth . Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall . We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects . Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach . Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Diet dilution and compensatory growth in broilers .
| | Author: Leeson A Summers JD Caston LJ .
| | Journal: Poult . Sci . Year: 1991 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1876563 Accession (PMID): 1876563 | | Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to note the response of broiler chickens to degrees of diet dilution from 4 to 11 days of age .
In Experiment 1 , broilers were fed conventional broiler diets from 0 to 4 and 11 to 56 days of age .
From 4 to 11 days , birds were fed a conventional corn and soybean meal broiler starter , or the same diet in which major nutrients were replaced with 25 , 40 , or 55% ground rice hulls .
Mineral and vitamin sources were not affected by dilution .
Each of the three diluted diets together with an undiluted control diet was fed to three replicate floor pen groups of 30 male or 30 female broilers .
In a second similar experiment , male birds were fed a regular broiler starter from 4 to 11 days or a diet diluted with 50% rice hulls .
In this second experiment , rice hulls were substituted for all ingredients including those providing vitamin and mineral supplements .
In Experiment 1 , diet dilution resulted in a significant ( P less than . 05 ) reduction in body weight at 11 days of age , although by 42 days there was complete recovery of body weight with no change in overall efficiency of feed utilization .
This same trend was seen in both sexes .
Calculation of energy balance suggests these birds to have used energy very efficiently during the period of undernutrition .
Diet dilution had no effect on carcass characteristics at 42 days , although for males at 56 days there was an indication of reduced abdominal fat content ( P less than . 05 ) .
In Experiment 2 , compensatory gain was incomplete , although results were confounded due to an outbreak of infectious bronchitis . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two experiments were conducted to note the response of broiler chickens to degrees of diet dilution from 4 to 11 days of age . In Experiment 1 , broilers were fed conventional broiler diets from 0 to 4 and 11 to 56 days of age . From 4 to 11 days , birds were fed a conventional corn and soybean meal broiler starter , or the same diet in which major nutrients were replaced with 25 , 40 , or 55% ground rice hulls . Mineral and vitamin sources were not affected by dilution . Each of the three diluted diets together with an undiluted control diet was fed to three replicate floor pen groups of 30 male or 30 female broilers . In a second similar experiment , male birds were fed a regular broiler starter from 4 to 11 days or a diet diluted with 50% rice hulls . In this second experiment , rice hulls were substituted for all ingredients including those providing vitamin and mineral supplements . In Experiment 1 , diet dilution resulted in a significant ( P less than . 05 ) reduction in body weight at 11 days of age , although by 42 days there was complete recovery of body weight with no change in overall efficiency of feed utilization . This same trend was seen in both sexes . Calculation of energy balance suggests these birds to have used energy very efficiently during the period of undernutrition . Diet dilution had no effect on carcass characteristics at 42 days , although for males at 56 days there was an indication of reduced abdominal fat content ( P less than . 05 ) . In Experiment 2 , compensatory gain was incomplete , although results were confounded due to an outbreak of infectious bronchitis . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two experiments were conducted to note the response of broiler chickens to degrees of diet dilution from 4 to 11 days of age . In Experiment 1 , broilers were fed conventional broiler diets from 0 to 4 and 11 to 56 days of age . From 4 to 11 days , birds were fed a conventional corn and soybean meal broiler starter , or the same diet in which major nutrients were replaced with 25 , 40 , or 55% ground rice hulls . Mineral and vitamin sources were not affected by dilution . Each of the three diluted diets together with an undiluted control diet was fed to three replicate floor pen groups of 30 male or 30 female broilers . In a second similar experiment , male birds were fed a regular broiler starter from 4 to 11 days or a diet diluted with 50% rice hulls . In this second experiment , rice hulls were substituted for all ingredients including those providing vitamin and mineral supplements . In Experiment 1 , diet dilution resulted in a significant ( P less than . 05 ) reduction in body weight at 11 days of age , although by 42 days there was complete recovery of body weight with no change in overall efficiency of feed utilization . This same trend was seen in both sexes . Calculation of energy balance suggests these birds to have used energy very efficiently during the period of undernutrition . Diet dilution had no effect on carcass characteristics at 42 days , although for males at 56 days there was an indication of reduced abdominal fat content ( P less than . 05 ) . In Experiment 2 , compensatory gain was incomplete , although results were confounded due to an outbreak of infectious bronchitis . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Experiment 1 , broilers were fed conventional broiler diets from 0 to 4 and 11 to 56 days of age . From 4 to 11 days , birds were fed a conventional corn and soybean meal broiler starter , or the same diet in which major nutrients were replaced with 25 , 40 , or 55% ground rice hulls . Mineral and vitamin sources were not affected by dilution . Each of the three diluted diets together with an undiluted control diet was fed to three replicate floor pen groups of 30 male or 30 female broilers . In a second similar experiment , male birds were fed a regular broiler starter from 4 to 11 days or a diet diluted with 50% rice hulls . In this second experiment , rice hulls were substituted for all ingredients including those providing vitamin and mineral supplements . In Experiment 1 , diet dilution resulted in a significant ( P less than . 05 ) reduction in body weight at 11 days of age , although by 42 days there was complete recovery of body weight with no change in overall efficiency of feed utilization . This same trend was seen in both sexes . Calculation of energy balance suggests these birds to have used energy very efficiently during the period of undernutrition . Diet dilution had no effect on carcass characteristics at 42 days , although for males at 56 days there was an indication of reduced abdominal fat content ( P less than . 05 ) . In Experiment 2 , compensatory gain was incomplete , although results were confounded due to an outbreak of infectious bronchitis . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Subcellular localization of the amide class herbicide 3 , 4-dichloropropionanilide ( DCPA ) in T cells and hepatocytes .
| | Author: Hanson ML Peer CJ Brundage R Callery PS Brundage K Schafer R Eremin S Barnett JB | | Journal: J Toxicol Environ Health A Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19953415 Accession (PMID): 19953415 | | Abstract: 3 , 4-Dichloropropionanilide ( DCPA ) , or propanil , a post-emergent herbicide used on rice and wheat crops in the United States , is immunotoxic in vivo and in vitro .
Although it has been documented that DCPA exerts differential effects on specific immune cell types and is toxic to the liver , the way in which DCPA modulates intracellular functions leading to these effects is less understood .
In this study , Jurkat T cells and hepatocytes from C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to 100 microM DCPA for 1 . 5 h .
Following incubation , subcellular fractions of each cell type were isolated .
DCPA , when present , was removed from each cell fraction by liquid-liquid extraction .
The extraction product was then analyzed for the presence of DCPA using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) .
The cellular uptake of DCPA was monitored by detection of the molecular ion and product ion of DCPA .
The analyses demonstrate that DCPA , a lipophilic compound , localizes primarily in the cytosol of T cells and hepatocytes .
These results indicate that DCPA is able to cross the plasma membrane and is accessible to intracellular immunomodulatory effectors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: 3 , 4-Dichloropropionanilide ( DCPA ) , or propanil , a post-emergent herbicide used on rice and wheat crops in the United States , is immunotoxic in vivo and in vitro . Although it has been documented that DCPA exerts differential effects on specific immune cell types and is toxic to the liver , the way in which DCPA modulates intracellular functions leading to these effects is less understood . In this study , Jurkat T cells and hepatocytes from C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to 100 microM DCPA for 1 . 5 h . Following incubation , subcellular fractions of each cell type were isolated . DCPA , when present , was removed from each cell fraction by liquid-liquid extraction . The extraction product was then analyzed for the presence of DCPA using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) . The cellular uptake of DCPA was monitored by detection of the molecular ion and product ion of DCPA . The analyses demonstrate that DCPA , a lipophilic compound , localizes primarily in the cytosol of T cells and hepatocytes . These results indicate that DCPA is able to cross the plasma membrane and is accessible to intracellular immunomodulatory effectors .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: 3 , 4-Dichloropropionanilide ( DCPA ) , or propanil , a post-emergent herbicide used on rice and wheat crops in the United States , is immunotoxic in vivo and in vitro . Although it has been documented that DCPA exerts differential effects on specific immune cell types and is toxic to the liver , the way in which DCPA modulates intracellular functions leading to these effects is less understood . In this study , Jurkat T cells and hepatocytes from C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to 100 microM DCPA for 1 . 5 h . Following incubation , subcellular fractions of each cell type were isolated . DCPA , when present , was removed from each cell fraction by liquid-liquid extraction . The extraction product was then analyzed for the presence of DCPA using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) . The cellular uptake of DCPA was monitored by detection of the molecular ion and product ion of DCPA . The analyses demonstrate that DCPA , a lipophilic compound , localizes primarily in the cytosol of T cells and hepatocytes . These results indicate that DCPA is able to cross the plasma membrane and is accessible to intracellular immunomodulatory effectors .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Glycine-rich RNA binding protein of Oryza sativa inhibits growth of M15 E coli cells .
| | Author: Singh U Deb D Singh A Grover A | | Journal: BMC Res Notes Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21269485 Accession (PMID): 21269485 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins have been implicated to have roles in diverse abiotic stresses .
FINDINGS : E coli M15 cells transformed with full-length rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4 ) , truncated rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4DeltaC ) and rice FK506 binding protein ( OsFKBP20 ) were analyzed for growth profiles using both broth and solid media .
Expression of OsGR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC proteins caused specific , inhibitory effect on growth of recombinant M15 E coli cells .
The bacterial inhibition was shown to be time and incubation temperature dependent .
Removal of the inducer , IPTG , resulted in re-growth of the cells , indicating that effect of the foreign proteins was of reversible nature .
Although noted at different levels of dilution factors , addition of purified Os-GR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC showed a similar inhibitory effect as seen with expression inside the bacterial cells .
CONCLUSIONS : Expression of eukaryotic , stress-associated OsGR-RBP4 protein in prokaryotic E coli M15 cells proves injurious to the growth of the bacterial cells .
E coli genome does not appear to encode for any protein that has significant homology to OsGR-RBP4 protein .
Therefore , the mechanism of inhibition appears to be due to some illegitimate interactions of the OsGR-RBP4 with possibly the RNA species of the trans-host bacterial cells .
The detailed mechanism underlying this inhibition remains to be worked out .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins have been implicated to have roles in diverse abiotic stresses . FINDINGS : E coli M15 cells transformed with full-length rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4 ) , truncated rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4DeltaC ) and rice FK506 binding protein ( OsFKBP20 ) were analyzed for growth profiles using both broth and solid media . Expression of OsGR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC proteins caused specific , inhibitory effect on growth of recombinant M15 E coli cells . The bacterial inhibition was shown to be time and incubation temperature dependent . Removal of the inducer , IPTG , resulted in re-growth of the cells , indicating that effect of the foreign proteins was of reversible nature . Although noted at different levels of dilution factors , addition of purified Os-GR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC showed a similar inhibitory effect as seen with expression inside the bacterial cells . CONCLUSIONS : Expression of eukaryotic , stress-associated OsGR-RBP4 protein in prokaryotic E coli M15 cells proves injurious to the growth of the bacterial cells . E coli genome does not appear to encode for any protein that has significant homology to OsGR-RBP4 protein . Therefore , the mechanism of inhibition appears to be due to some illegitimate interactions of the OsGR-RBP4 with possibly the RNA species of the trans-host bacterial cells . The detailed mechanism underlying this inhibition remains to be worked out .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins have been implicated to have roles in diverse abiotic stresses . FINDINGS : E coli M15 cells transformed with full-length rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4 ) , truncated rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4DeltaC ) and rice FK506 binding protein ( OsFKBP20 ) were analyzed for growth profiles using both broth and solid media . Expression of OsGR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC proteins caused specific , inhibitory effect on growth of recombinant M15 E coli cells . The bacterial inhibition was shown to be time and incubation temperature dependent . Removal of the inducer , IPTG , resulted in re-growth of the cells , indicating that effect of the foreign proteins was of reversible nature . Although noted at different levels of dilution factors , addition of purified Os-GR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC showed a similar inhibitory effect as seen with expression inside the bacterial cells . CONCLUSIONS : Expression of eukaryotic , stress-associated OsGR-RBP4 protein in prokaryotic E coli M15 cells proves injurious to the growth of the bacterial cells . E coli genome does not appear to encode for any protein that has significant homology to OsGR-RBP4 protein . Therefore , the mechanism of inhibition appears to be due to some illegitimate interactions of the OsGR-RBP4 with possibly the RNA species of the trans-host bacterial cells . The detailed mechanism underlying this inhibition remains to be worked out .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins have been implicated to have roles in diverse abiotic stresses . FINDINGS : E coli M15 cells transformed with full-length rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4 ) , truncated rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4DeltaC ) and rice FK506 binding protein ( OsFKBP20 ) were analyzed for growth profiles using both broth and solid media . Expression of OsGR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC proteins caused specific , inhibitory effect on growth of recombinant M15 E coli cells . The bacterial inhibition was shown to be time and incubation temperature dependent . Removal of the inducer , IPTG , resulted in re-growth of the cells , indicating that effect of the foreign proteins was of reversible nature . Although noted at different levels of dilution factors , addition of purified Os-GR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC showed a similar inhibitory effect as seen with expression inside the bacterial cells . CONCLUSIONS : Expression of eukaryotic , stress-associated OsGR-RBP4 protein in prokaryotic E coli M15 cells proves injurious to the growth of the bacterial cells . E coli genome does not appear to encode for any protein that has significant homology to OsGR-RBP4 protein . Therefore , the mechanism of inhibition appears to be due to some illegitimate interactions of the OsGR-RBP4 with possibly the RNA species of the trans-host bacterial cells . The detailed mechanism underlying this inhibition remains to be worked out .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A rice phenolic efflux transporter is essential for solubilizing precipitated apoplasmic iron in the plant stele .
| | Author: Ishimaru Y Kakei Y Shimo H Bashir K Sato Y Sato Y Uozumi N Nakanishi H Nishizawa NK | | Journal: J Biol Chem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21602276 Accession (PMID): 21602276 | | Abstract: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance .
To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid .
The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet .
Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice .
We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) .
PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes .
PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots .
In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased .
The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele .
We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance . To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid . The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet . Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice . We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) . PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes . PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots . In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased . The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele . We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance . To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid . The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet . Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice . We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) . PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes . PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots . In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased . The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele . We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance . To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid . The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet . Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice . We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) . PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes . PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots . In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased . The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele . We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables , fruits , and cereals using modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry .
| | Author: Li J Dong F Xu J Liu X Li Y Shan W Zheng Y | | Journal: Anal Chim Acta Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21819870 Accession (PMID): 21819870 | | Abstract: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed .
The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) .
This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method .
Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent .
Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers .
Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method .
The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan .
The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed . The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) . This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method . Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent . Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers . Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method . The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan . The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed . The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) . This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method . Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent . Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers . Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method . The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan . The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed . The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) . This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method . Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent . Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers . Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method . The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan . The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: [ Clinical study on the treatment of abnormal blood lipids complicated with carotid atherosclerosis with lipid-reducing red rice minute powder : a randomized controlled trial ] .
| | Author: Liu LT Wu M Wang HX | | Journal: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22013794 Accession (PMID): 22013794 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To observe the clinical effects of lipid-reducing red rice minute powder ( LRRMP ) on the levels of blood lipids , carotid arery intima-media thickness ( IMT ) , and the plaque integral of hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis .
METHODS : This study was conducted from April 2005 to April 2006 according to inclusion criteria .
Sixty hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( 20 cases ) , the Chinese medicine control group ( CM control group , 20 cases ) , and the Western medicine control group ( WM control group , 20 cases ) .
They were recruited from the community of secondary machine tool factory of Jinan .
Patients in the treatment group took LRRMP ( 175 mg/pill ) , one pill each time , twice daily .
Patients in the CM control group took Xuezhikang Capsule ( 300 mg/pill ) , 2 pills each time , twice daily .
Patients in the WM control group took Lovastatin Tablet ( 20 mg/tablet ) , 1 tablet each time , once daily .
The course of treatment was 6 successive months for all .
They avoided taking any lipid-regulating or anti-atherosclerotic drugs during the therapeutic course .
The changes of Chinese medicine symptom scores , serum TC , TG , LDL-C , and HDL-C levels , IMT of the carotid artery , and the plaque integral before and after treatment were observed .
RESULTS : After 6 months of treatment the Chinese medicine symptom scores reduced in each group ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , and the treatment group was superior to WM control group ( P<0 . 05 ) .
Serum TC , TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lowered ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , showing no significant difference in inter-group comparison ( P>0 . 05 ) .
There was no statistical significance of the serum HDL-C level in each group ( P>0 . 05 ) .
The IMT and the plaque integral significantly reduced ( P<0 . 05 , P<0 . 01 ) , showing no statistical difference among all groups .
One patient in the WM control group dropped out because of transaminase elevation .
No serious adverse reaction correlated with the drugs occurred during the therapeutic course in the rest two groups .
CONCLUSIONS : LRRMP showed definite effects on lipid-regulating and antiatherosclerosis .
Its effects were equivalent to Xuezhikang Capsule and Lovastatin Tablet .
Besides , it was safe and economic , and deserved further studies .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To observe the clinical effects of lipid-reducing red rice minute powder ( LRRMP ) on the levels of blood lipids , carotid arery intima-media thickness ( IMT ) , and the plaque integral of hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis . METHODS : This study was conducted from April 2005 to April 2006 according to inclusion criteria . Sixty hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( 20 cases ) , the Chinese medicine control group ( CM control group , 20 cases ) , and the Western medicine control group ( WM control group , 20 cases ) . They were recruited from the community of secondary machine tool factory of Jinan . Patients in the treatment group took LRRMP ( 175 mg/pill ) , one pill each time , twice daily . Patients in the CM control group took Xuezhikang Capsule ( 300 mg/pill ) , 2 pills each time , twice daily . Patients in the WM control group took Lovastatin Tablet ( 20 mg/tablet ) , 1 tablet each time , once daily . The course of treatment was 6 successive months for all . They avoided taking any lipid-regulating or anti-atherosclerotic drugs during the therapeutic course . The changes of Chinese medicine symptom scores , serum TC , TG , LDL-C , and HDL-C levels , IMT of the carotid artery , and the plaque integral before and after treatment were observed .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: The course of treatment was 6 successive months for all . They avoided taking any lipid-regulating or anti-atherosclerotic drugs during the therapeutic course . The changes of Chinese medicine symptom scores , serum TC , TG , LDL-C , and HDL-C levels , IMT of the carotid artery , and the plaque integral before and after treatment were observed . RESULTS : After 6 months of treatment the Chinese medicine symptom scores reduced in each group ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , and the treatment group was superior to WM control group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Serum TC , TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lowered ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , showing no significant difference in inter-group comparison ( P>0 . 05 ) . There was no statistical significance of the serum HDL-C level in each group ( P>0 . 05 ) . The IMT and the plaque integral significantly reduced ( P<0 . 05 , P<0 . 01 ) , showing no statistical difference among all groups . One patient in the WM control group dropped out because of transaminase elevation . No serious adverse reaction correlated with the drugs occurred during the therapeutic course in the rest two groups . CONCLUSIONS : LRRMP showed definite effects on lipid-regulating and antiatherosclerosis . Its effects were equivalent to Xuezhikang Capsule and Lovastatin Tablet . Besides , it was safe and economic , and deserved further studies .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: They avoided taking any lipid-regulating or anti-atherosclerotic drugs during the therapeutic course . The changes of Chinese medicine symptom scores , serum TC , TG , LDL-C , and HDL-C levels , IMT of the carotid artery , and the plaque integral before and after treatment were observed . RESULTS : After 6 months of treatment the Chinese medicine symptom scores reduced in each group ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , and the treatment group was superior to WM control group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Serum TC , TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lowered ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , showing no significant difference in inter-group comparison ( P>0 . 05 ) . There was no statistical significance of the serum HDL-C level in each group ( P>0 . 05 ) . The IMT and the plaque integral significantly reduced ( P<0 . 05 , P<0 . 01 ) , showing no statistical difference among all groups . One patient in the WM control group dropped out because of transaminase elevation . No serious adverse reaction correlated with the drugs occurred during the therapeutic course in the rest two groups . CONCLUSIONS : LRRMP showed definite effects on lipid-regulating and antiatherosclerosis . Its effects were equivalent to Xuezhikang Capsule and Lovastatin Tablet . Besides , it was safe and economic , and deserved further studies .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Evaluation of suitable endpoints for assessing the impacts of toxicants at the community level .
| | Author: Sanchez-Bayo F Goka K | | Journal: Ecotoxicology Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22120543 Accession (PMID): 22120543 | | Abstract: Assessment of ecological impacts of toxicants relies currently on extrapolation of effects observed at organismal or population levels .
The uncertainty inherent to such extrapolations , together with the impossibility of predicting ecological effects of chemical mixtures , can only be resolved by adopting approaches that consider toxicological endpoints at a community or ecological level .
Experimental data from micro and mesocosms provide estimates of community effect levels , which can then be used to confirm or correct the extrapolations from theoretical methods such as species sensitivity distributions ( SSDs ) or others .
When assessing impacts , the choice of sensitive community endpoints is important .
Four community endpoints ( species richness , abundance , diversity and similarity indices ) were evaluated in their ability to assess impacts of two insecticides , imidacloprid and etofenprox , and their mixture on aquatic and benthic communities from artificial rice paddies .
Proportional changes of each community endpoint were expressed by ratios between their values in the treatment and control paddies .
Regression lines fitted to the endpoint ratios against the time series of chemical concentrations were used to predict percentile impacts in the communities .
The abundance endpoint appears to be the most sensitive indicator of the communities response , but the Czekanowski similarity index described best the structural changes that occur in all communities .
Aquatic arthropods were more sensitive to the mixture of both insecticides than zooplankton and benthic communities .
Estimated protective levels for 95% of aquatic species exposed to imidacloprid ( <0 . 01-1 . 0 mug l ( -1 ) ) were slightly lower than predicted by SSD , whereas for etofenprox the protective concentrations in water ( <0 . 01-0 . 58 mug l ( -1 ) ) were an order of magnitude lower than SSDs predictions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of ecological impacts of toxicants relies currently on extrapolation of effects observed at organismal or population levels . The uncertainty inherent to such extrapolations , together with the impossibility of predicting ecological effects of chemical mixtures , can only be resolved by adopting approaches that consider toxicological endpoints at a community or ecological level . Experimental data from micro and mesocosms provide estimates of community effect levels , which can then be used to confirm or correct the extrapolations from theoretical methods such as species sensitivity distributions ( SSDs ) or others . When assessing impacts , the choice of sensitive community endpoints is important . Four community endpoints ( species richness , abundance , diversity and similarity indices ) were evaluated in their ability to assess impacts of two insecticides , imidacloprid and etofenprox , and their mixture on aquatic and benthic communities from artificial rice paddies . Proportional changes of each community endpoint were expressed by ratios between their values in the treatment and control paddies . Regression lines fitted to the endpoint ratios against the time series of chemical concentrations were used to predict percentile impacts in the communities . The abundance endpoint appears to be the most sensitive indicator of the communities response , but the Czekanowski similarity index described best the structural changes that occur in all communities . Aquatic arthropods were more sensitive to the mixture of both insecticides than zooplankton and benthic communities . Estimated protective levels for 95% of aquatic species exposed to imidacloprid ( <0 . 01-1 . 0 mug l ( -1 ) ) were slightly lower than predicted by SSD , whereas for etofenprox the protective concentrations in water ( <0 . 01-0 . 58 mug l ( -1 ) ) were an order of magnitude lower than SSDs predictions .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of ecological impacts of toxicants relies currently on extrapolation of effects observed at organismal or population levels . The uncertainty inherent to such extrapolations , together with the impossibility of predicting ecological effects of chemical mixtures , can only be resolved by adopting approaches that consider toxicological endpoints at a community or ecological level . Experimental data from micro and mesocosms provide estimates of community effect levels , which can then be used to confirm or correct the extrapolations from theoretical methods such as species sensitivity distributions ( SSDs ) or others . When assessing impacts , the choice of sensitive community endpoints is important . Four community endpoints ( species richness , abundance , diversity and similarity indices ) were evaluated in their ability to assess impacts of two insecticides , imidacloprid and etofenprox , and their mixture on aquatic and benthic communities from artificial rice paddies . Proportional changes of each community endpoint were expressed by ratios between their values in the treatment and control paddies . Regression lines fitted to the endpoint ratios against the time series of chemical concentrations were used to predict percentile impacts in the communities . The abundance endpoint appears to be the most sensitive indicator of the communities response , but the Czekanowski similarity index described best the structural changes that occur in all communities . Aquatic arthropods were more sensitive to the mixture of both insecticides than zooplankton and benthic communities . Estimated protective levels for 95% of aquatic species exposed to imidacloprid ( <0 . 01-1 . 0 mug l ( -1 ) ) were slightly lower than predicted by SSD , whereas for etofenprox the protective concentrations in water ( <0 . 01-0 . 58 mug l ( -1 ) ) were an order of magnitude lower than SSDs predictions .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assessment of ecological impacts of toxicants relies currently on extrapolation of effects observed at organismal or population levels . The uncertainty inherent to such extrapolations , together with the impossibility of predicting ecological effects of chemical mixtures , can only be resolved by adopting approaches that consider toxicological endpoints at a community or ecological level . Experimental data from micro and mesocosms provide estimates of community effect levels , which can then be used to confirm or correct the extrapolations from theoretical methods such as species sensitivity distributions ( SSDs ) or others . When assessing impacts , the choice of sensitive community endpoints is important . Four community endpoints ( species richness , abundance , diversity and similarity indices ) were evaluated in their ability to assess impacts of two insecticides , imidacloprid and etofenprox , and their mixture on aquatic and benthic communities from artificial rice paddies . Proportional changes of each community endpoint were expressed by ratios between their values in the treatment and control paddies . Regression lines fitted to the endpoint ratios against the time series of chemical concentrations were used to predict percentile impacts in the communities . The abundance endpoint appears to be the most sensitive indicator of the communities response , but the Czekanowski similarity index described best the structural changes that occur in all communities . Aquatic arthropods were more sensitive to the mixture of both insecticides than zooplankton and benthic communities . Estimated protective levels for 95% of aquatic species exposed to imidacloprid ( <0 . 01-1 . 0 mug l ( -1 ) ) were slightly lower than predicted by SSD , whereas for etofenprox the protective concentrations in water ( <0 . 01-0 . 58 mug l ( -1 ) ) were an order of magnitude lower than SSDs predictions .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A nutraceutical combination improves insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome .
| | Author: Affuso F Mercurio V Ruvolo A Pirozzi C Micillo F Carlomagno G Grieco F Fazio S | | Journal: World J Cardiol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22451856 Accession (PMID): 22451856 | | Abstract: AIM : To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .
METHODS : Sixty-four patients with MetS followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a proprietary nutraceutical combination ( AP ) consisting of berberine , policosanol and red yeast rice , in a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .
Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 18 wk of treatment .
The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index was the primary outcome measure .
Secondary endpoints included lipid panel , blood glucose and insulin fasting , after a standard mixed meal and after an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) , flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) , and waist circumference .
RESULTS : Fifty nine patients completed the study , 2 withdrew because of adverse effects .
After 18 wk there was a significant reduction in the HOMA-IR index in the AP group compared with placebo ( DeltaHOMA respectively -0 . 6 +/- 1 . 2 vs 0 . 4 +/- 1 . 9 ; P < 0 . 05 ) .
Total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased in the treatment arm compared with placebo ( Deltalow density lipoprotein cholesterol -0 . 82 +/- 0 . 68 vs -0 . 13 +/- 0 . 55 mmol/L ; P < 0 . 001 ) , while triglycerides , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , and the OGTT were not affected .
In addition , there were significant reductions in blood glucose and insulin after the standard mixed meal , as well as an increase in FMD ( DeltaFMD 1 . 9 +/- 4 . 2 vs 0 +/- 1 . 9 % ; P < 0 . 05 ) and a significant reduction in arterial systolic blood pressure in the AP arm .
CONCLUSION : This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) . METHODS : Sixty-four patients with MetS followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a proprietary nutraceutical combination ( AP ) consisting of berberine , policosanol and red yeast rice , in a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 18 wk of treatment . The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index was the primary outcome measure . Secondary endpoints included lipid panel , blood glucose and insulin fasting , after a standard mixed meal and after an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) , flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) , and waist circumference . RESULTS : Fifty nine patients completed the study , 2 withdrew because of adverse effects . After 18 wk there was a significant reduction in the HOMA-IR index in the AP group compared with placebo ( DeltaHOMA respectively -0 . 6 +/- 1 . 2 vs 0 . 4 +/- 1 . 9 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . Total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased in the treatment arm compared with placebo ( Deltalow density lipoprotein cholesterol -0 . 82 +/- 0 . 68 vs -0 . 13 +/- 0 . 55 mmol/L ; P < 0 . 001 ) , while triglycerides , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , and the OGTT were not affected . In addition , there were significant reductions in blood glucose and insulin after the standard mixed meal , as well as an increase in FMD ( DeltaFMD 1 . 9 +/- 4 . 2 vs 0 +/- 1 . 9 % ; P < 0 . 05 ) and a significant reduction in arterial systolic blood pressure in the AP arm . CONCLUSION : This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) . METHODS : Sixty-four patients with MetS followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a proprietary nutraceutical combination ( AP ) consisting of berberine , policosanol and red yeast rice , in a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 18 wk of treatment . The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index was the primary outcome measure . Secondary endpoints included lipid panel , blood glucose and insulin fasting , after a standard mixed meal and after an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) , flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) , and waist circumference . RESULTS : Fifty nine patients completed the study , 2 withdrew because of adverse effects . After 18 wk there was a significant reduction in the HOMA-IR index in the AP group compared with placebo ( DeltaHOMA respectively -0 . 6 +/- 1 . 2 vs 0 . 4 +/- 1 . 9 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . Total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased in the treatment arm compared with placebo ( Deltalow density lipoprotein cholesterol -0 . 82 +/- 0 . 68 vs -0 . 13 +/- 0 . 55 mmol/L ; P < 0 . 001 ) , while triglycerides , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , and the OGTT were not affected . In addition , there were significant reductions in blood glucose and insulin after the standard mixed meal , as well as an increase in FMD ( DeltaFMD 1 . 9 +/- 4 . 2 vs 0 +/- 1 . 9 % ; P < 0 . 05 ) and a significant reduction in arterial systolic blood pressure in the AP arm . CONCLUSION : This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) . METHODS : Sixty-four patients with MetS followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a proprietary nutraceutical combination ( AP ) consisting of berberine , policosanol and red yeast rice , in a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 18 wk of treatment . The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index was the primary outcome measure . Secondary endpoints included lipid panel , blood glucose and insulin fasting , after a standard mixed meal and after an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) , flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) , and waist circumference . RESULTS : Fifty nine patients completed the study , 2 withdrew because of adverse effects . After 18 wk there was a significant reduction in the HOMA-IR index in the AP group compared with placebo ( DeltaHOMA respectively -0 . 6 +/- 1 . 2 vs 0 . 4 +/- 1 . 9 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . Total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased in the treatment arm compared with placebo ( Deltalow density lipoprotein cholesterol -0 . 82 +/- 0 . 68 vs -0 . 13 +/- 0 . 55 mmol/L ; P < 0 . 001 ) , while triglycerides , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , and the OGTT were not affected . In addition , there were significant reductions in blood glucose and insulin after the standard mixed meal , as well as an increase in FMD ( DeltaFMD 1 . 9 +/- 4 . 2 vs 0 +/- 1 . 9 % ; P < 0 . 05 ) and a significant reduction in arterial systolic blood pressure in the AP arm . CONCLUSION : This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Rice starch low sodium oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) in infantile diarrhoea .
| | Author: Iyngkaran N Yadav M | | Journal: Med .
J Malaysia Year: 1995 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7565183 Accession (PMID): 7565183 | | Abstract: The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium ( sodium of 60 mmol/L ) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ; sodium 90 mmol/L ) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea .
Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group .
However , the mean frequency of stools was greater and the duration of stay longer in the WHO ORS group compared to the rice starch low sodium group .
There were 5 cases of hypernatremia in the WHO ORS group as opposed to only one in the rice starch low sodium ORS group .
The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium ( sodium of 60 mmol/L ) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ; sodium 90 mmol/L ) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea . Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group . However , the mean frequency of stools was greater and the duration of stay longer in the WHO ORS group compared to the rice starch low sodium group . There were 5 cases of hypernatremia in the WHO ORS group as opposed to only one in the rice starch low sodium ORS group . The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium ( sodium of 60 mmol/L ) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ; sodium 90 mmol/L ) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea . Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group . However , the mean frequency of stools was greater and the duration of stay longer in the WHO ORS group compared to the rice starch low sodium group . There were 5 cases of hypernatremia in the WHO ORS group as opposed to only one in the rice starch low sodium ORS group . The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium ( sodium of 60 mmol/L ) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ; sodium 90 mmol/L ) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea . Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group . However , the mean frequency of stools was greater and the duration of stay longer in the WHO ORS group compared to the rice starch low sodium group . There were 5 cases of hypernatremia in the WHO ORS group as opposed to only one in the rice starch low sodium ORS group . The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Clinical trial of glucose-oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) , rice dextrin-ORS , and rice flour-ORS for the management of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration .
| | Author: Molina S Vettorazzi C Peerson JM Solomons NW Brown KH .
| | Journal: Pediatrics Year: 1995 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7838634 Accession (PMID): 7838634 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE .
To assess the effects of glucose ( G ) -oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) , rice dextrin ( RD ) -ORS , and rice flour ( RF ) -ORS on fluid intake , rapidity of rehydration , and stool output of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration .
METHODS .
The study was a randomized , double-masked clinical trial One hundred forty-six male infants , ages 3 to 36 months , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups .
Clinical evaluations and fluid balances were conducted every 2 to 4 hours for 48 hours .
Principal outcome variables were ORS consumption , recovery of hydration status , and fecal output .
RESULTS .
The groups were similar at admission with regard to age , nutritional status , history of the current episode , and clinical status .
There were no differences in ORS consumption by treatment group during any period of study .
During the first 6-hour period , patients in group RF had less stool output ( 16 +/- 14 g/kg/body weight ) than those in group G ( 22 +/- 20 g/kg ) or RD ( 21 +/- 19 g/kg ; P < . 05 ) .
After 12 hours of hospitalization , there were no differences by treatment group .
Recovery of hydration status , changes in serum sodium and potassium , and duration of diarrhea in the hospital were similar in all three groups .
CONCLUSION .
There was a 24% to 27% reduction in stool output during the first 6 hours of treatment among children who received RF-ORS compared with those who received G-ORS or RD-ORS , but this effect did not persist after the first 12 hours of therapy .
Because this difference was of small magnitude and limited duration , it has minor clinical importance .
Thus , we conclude that the three solutions had similar efficacy for children with acute , watery diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE . To assess the effects of glucose ( G ) -oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) , rice dextrin ( RD ) -ORS , and rice flour ( RF ) -ORS on fluid intake , rapidity of rehydration , and stool output of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration . METHODS . The study was a randomized , double-masked clinical trial One hundred forty-six male infants , ages 3 to 36 months , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups . Clinical evaluations and fluid balances were conducted every 2 to 4 hours for 48 hours . Principal outcome variables were ORS consumption , recovery of hydration status , and fecal output . RESULTS . The groups were similar at admission with regard to age , nutritional status , history of the current episode , and clinical status . There were no differences in ORS consumption by treatment group during any period of study . During the first 6-hour period , patients in group RF had less stool output ( 16 +/- 14 g/kg/body weight ) than those in group G ( 22 +/- 20 g/kg ) or RD ( 21 +/- 19 g/kg ; P < . 05 ) . After 12 hours of hospitalization , there were no differences by treatment group .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinical evaluations and fluid balances were conducted every 2 to 4 hours for 48 hours . Principal outcome variables were ORS consumption , recovery of hydration status , and fecal output . RESULTS . The groups were similar at admission with regard to age , nutritional status , history of the current episode , and clinical status . There were no differences in ORS consumption by treatment group during any period of study . During the first 6-hour period , patients in group RF had less stool output ( 16 +/- 14 g/kg/body weight ) than those in group G ( 22 +/- 20 g/kg ) or RD ( 21 +/- 19 g/kg ; P < . 05 ) . After 12 hours of hospitalization , there were no differences by treatment group . Recovery of hydration status , changes in serum sodium and potassium , and duration of diarrhea in the hospital were similar in all three groups . CONCLUSION . There was a 24% to 27% reduction in stool output during the first 6 hours of treatment among children who received RF-ORS compared with those who received G-ORS or RD-ORS , but this effect did not persist after the first 12 hours of therapy . Because this difference was of small magnitude and limited duration , it has minor clinical importance . Thus , we conclude that the three solutions had similar efficacy for children with acute , watery diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration .
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS . The groups were similar at admission with regard to age , nutritional status , history of the current episode , and clinical status . There were no differences in ORS consumption by treatment group during any period of study . During the first 6-hour period , patients in group RF had less stool output ( 16 +/- 14 g/kg/body weight ) than those in group G ( 22 +/- 20 g/kg ) or RD ( 21 +/- 19 g/kg ; P < . 05 ) . After 12 hours of hospitalization , there were no differences by treatment group . Recovery of hydration status , changes in serum sodium and potassium , and duration of diarrhea in the hospital were similar in all three groups . CONCLUSION . There was a 24% to 27% reduction in stool output during the first 6 hours of treatment among children who received RF-ORS compared with those who received G-ORS or RD-ORS , but this effect did not persist after the first 12 hours of therapy . Because this difference was of small magnitude and limited duration , it has minor clinical importance . Thus , we conclude that the three solutions had similar efficacy for children with acute , watery diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Selective inhibition of Colorado potato beetle cathepsin H by oryzacystatins I and II .
| | Author: Michaud D Nguyen-Quoc B Yelle S | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8405400 Accession (PMID): 8405400 | | Abstract: The use of oryzacystatins I and II , two cysteine proteinase inhibitors naturally produced in rice grains , represents an attractive way for the control of Coleoptera insect pests .
The present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) .
Both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity , but maximal inhibitions ranged from 20 to 80% for pHs varying from 5 . 0 to 7 . 0 , respectively .
This pH-dependent efficiency of plant cystatins was due to the selective inactivation of potato beetle cathepsin H , as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors with different specificities against cathepsins B and H These results demonstrate the importance of having an adequate knowledge of insect proteinases specifically recognized by the inhibitors to be used in pest control strategies .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The use of oryzacystatins I and II , two cysteine proteinase inhibitors naturally produced in rice grains , represents an attractive way for the control of Coleoptera insect pests . The present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) . Both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity , but maximal inhibitions ranged from 20 to 80% for pHs varying from 5 . 0 to 7 . 0 , respectively . This pH-dependent efficiency of plant cystatins was due to the selective inactivation of potato beetle cathepsin H , as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors with different specificities against cathepsins B and H These results demonstrate the importance of having an adequate knowledge of insect proteinases specifically recognized by the inhibitors to be used in pest control strategies .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The use of oryzacystatins I and II , two cysteine proteinase inhibitors naturally produced in rice grains , represents an attractive way for the control of Coleoptera insect pests . The present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) . Both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity , but maximal inhibitions ranged from 20 to 80% for pHs varying from 5 . 0 to 7 . 0 , respectively . This pH-dependent efficiency of plant cystatins was due to the selective inactivation of potato beetle cathepsin H , as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors with different specificities against cathepsins B and H These results demonstrate the importance of having an adequate knowledge of insect proteinases specifically recognized by the inhibitors to be used in pest control strategies .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The use of oryzacystatins I and II , two cysteine proteinase inhibitors naturally produced in rice grains , represents an attractive way for the control of Coleoptera insect pests . The present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) . Both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity , but maximal inhibitions ranged from 20 to 80% for pHs varying from 5 . 0 to 7 . 0 , respectively . This pH-dependent efficiency of plant cystatins was due to the selective inactivation of potato beetle cathepsin H , as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors with different specificities against cathepsins B and H These results demonstrate the importance of having an adequate knowledge of insect proteinases specifically recognized by the inhibitors to be used in pest control strategies .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Nutritional significance of rice bran oil .
| | Author: Raghuram TC Rukmini C | | Journal: Indian J Med . Res . Year: 1995 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8675245 Accession (PMID): 8675245 | | Abstract: India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and has the high potential to produce rice bran oil ( RBO ) , a by-product of the rice milling industry .
Since RBO is , an unconventional oil , the chemical composition , nutrient evaluation and toxicological safety were assessed .
The fatty acid composition RBO is very close to that of groundnut oil ( GNO ) .
Though RBO has high unsaponifiable matter ( 4 . 2% ) , it is rich In minor constituents such as phytosterols , triterpene alcohols , tocopherols and tocotrienols .
Experimental as well as human studies have demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effects of RBO .
Further , It was established that minor constituents present in unsaponifiable fraction of RBO were responsible for its hypolipidaemic effects .
Nutritional evaluation studies , carried out with 10 per cent RBO and 20 per cent protein , indicated that growth , feed efficiency and mineral balance were comparable to GNO-fed animals .
Toxicological studies had shown that there were no abnormalities In animals fed either RBO or GNO .
The reproductive performance was also found to be normal as compared with that of GNO-fed animals in all three generations .
In addition , neither RBO nor the foods deepfried in it showed any mutagenicity as judged by Ames test In view of its safety and hypolipidaemic activity , RBO could be considered as an alternative source of edible oil .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and has the high potential to produce rice bran oil ( RBO ) , a by-product of the rice milling industry . Since RBO is , an unconventional oil , the chemical composition , nutrient evaluation and toxicological safety were assessed . The fatty acid composition RBO is very close to that of groundnut oil ( GNO ) . Though RBO has high unsaponifiable matter ( 4 . 2% ) , it is rich In minor constituents such as phytosterols , triterpene alcohols , tocopherols and tocotrienols . Experimental as well as human studies have demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effects of RBO . Further , It was established that minor constituents present in unsaponifiable fraction of RBO were responsible for its hypolipidaemic effects . Nutritional evaluation studies , carried out with 10 per cent RBO and 20 per cent protein , indicated that growth , feed efficiency and mineral balance were comparable to GNO-fed animals . Toxicological studies had shown that there were no abnormalities In animals fed either RBO or GNO . The reproductive performance was also found to be normal as compared with that of GNO-fed animals in all three generations . In addition , neither RBO nor the foods deepfried in it showed any mutagenicity as judged by Ames test In view of its safety and hypolipidaemic activity , RBO could be considered as an alternative source of edible oil .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and has the high potential to produce rice bran oil ( RBO ) , a by-product of the rice milling industry . Since RBO is , an unconventional oil , the chemical composition , nutrient evaluation and toxicological safety were assessed . The fatty acid composition RBO is very close to that of groundnut oil ( GNO ) . Though RBO has high unsaponifiable matter ( 4 . 2% ) , it is rich In minor constituents such as phytosterols , triterpene alcohols , tocopherols and tocotrienols . Experimental as well as human studies have demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effects of RBO . Further , It was established that minor constituents present in unsaponifiable fraction of RBO were responsible for its hypolipidaemic effects . Nutritional evaluation studies , carried out with 10 per cent RBO and 20 per cent protein , indicated that growth , feed efficiency and mineral balance were comparable to GNO-fed animals . Toxicological studies had shown that there were no abnormalities In animals fed either RBO or GNO . The reproductive performance was also found to be normal as compared with that of GNO-fed animals in all three generations . In addition , neither RBO nor the foods deepfried in it showed any mutagenicity as judged by Ames test In view of its safety and hypolipidaemic activity , RBO could be considered as an alternative source of edible oil .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and has the high potential to produce rice bran oil ( RBO ) , a by-product of the rice milling industry . Since RBO is , an unconventional oil , the chemical composition , nutrient evaluation and toxicological safety were assessed . The fatty acid composition RBO is very close to that of groundnut oil ( GNO ) . Though RBO has high unsaponifiable matter ( 4 . 2% ) , it is rich In minor constituents such as phytosterols , triterpene alcohols , tocopherols and tocotrienols . Experimental as well as human studies have demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effects of RBO . Further , It was established that minor constituents present in unsaponifiable fraction of RBO were responsible for its hypolipidaemic effects . Nutritional evaluation studies , carried out with 10 per cent RBO and 20 per cent protein , indicated that growth , feed efficiency and mineral balance were comparable to GNO-fed animals . Toxicological studies had shown that there were no abnormalities In animals fed either RBO or GNO . The reproductive performance was also found to be normal as compared with that of GNO-fed animals in all three generations . In addition , neither RBO nor the foods deepfried in it showed any mutagenicity as judged by Ames test In view of its safety and hypolipidaemic activity , RBO could be considered as an alternative source of edible oil .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Some aspects of the biology and control using botanicals of the rice moth , Corcyra cephalonica ( Stainton ) , on some pulses .
| | Author: Allotey J Azalekor W | | Journal: Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10758262 Accession (PMID): 10758262 | | Abstract: The life cycle of Corcyra cephalonica was studied under ambient laboratory conditions ( temperature range 27 . 5-30 degrees C and 60-73% r . h . ) on groundnut , bambara groundnut and cowpea .
The mean developmental period ranged from 33 . 2+/-0 . 2 to 45 . 3+/-1 . 8 days on whole , broken and powdered forms of the food media .
Egg hatchability was found to be 83% , while adult longevity ranged from 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 11 . 9+/-1 . 3 days for males and 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 16 . 5+/-1 . 2 days for females .
Sex ratio ( male symbol : female symbol ) of emerged adults ranged from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 . 1 .
Mean fecundities ranged from 128+/-5 to 157+/-8 on the food media .
In experiments to assess the insecticidal potential of three plant materials against C cephalonica , Eichhornia crassipes powder showed a higher efficacy than both Citrus sinensis peel powder and the leaf powder of Chromolaena odorata at dosages of 0 . 5-2 . 0 g per 40 g of legume seed .
At the higher dosage of 2 . 5 g , C sinensis was more effective and reduced the population of C cephalonica by half when compared to the population in control jars over a period of 1 . 5 months .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The life cycle of Corcyra cephalonica was studied under ambient laboratory conditions ( temperature range 27 . 5-30 degrees C and 60-73% r . h . ) on groundnut , bambara groundnut and cowpea . The mean developmental period ranged from 33 . 2+/-0 . 2 to 45 . 3+/-1 . 8 days on whole , broken and powdered forms of the food media . Egg hatchability was found to be 83% , while adult longevity ranged from 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 11 . 9+/-1 . 3 days for males and 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 16 . 5+/-1 . 2 days for females . Sex ratio ( male symbol : female symbol ) of emerged adults ranged from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 . 1 . Mean fecundities ranged from 128+/-5 to 157+/-8 on the food media . In experiments to assess the insecticidal potential of three plant materials against C cephalonica , Eichhornia crassipes powder showed a higher efficacy than both Citrus sinensis peel powder and the leaf powder of Chromolaena odorata at dosages of 0 . 5-2 . 0 g per 40 g of legume seed . At the higher dosage of 2 . 5 g , C sinensis was more effective and reduced the population of C cephalonica by half when compared to the population in control jars over a period of 1 . 5 months .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The life cycle of Corcyra cephalonica was studied under ambient laboratory conditions ( temperature range 27 . 5-30 degrees C and 60-73% r . h . ) on groundnut , bambara groundnut and cowpea . The mean developmental period ranged from 33 . 2+/-0 . 2 to 45 . 3+/-1 . 8 days on whole , broken and powdered forms of the food media . Egg hatchability was found to be 83% , while adult longevity ranged from 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 11 . 9+/-1 . 3 days for males and 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 16 . 5+/-1 . 2 days for females . Sex ratio ( male symbol : female symbol ) of emerged adults ranged from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 . 1 . Mean fecundities ranged from 128+/-5 to 157+/-8 on the food media . In experiments to assess the insecticidal potential of three plant materials against C cephalonica , Eichhornia crassipes powder showed a higher efficacy than both Citrus sinensis peel powder and the leaf powder of Chromolaena odorata at dosages of 0 . 5-2 . 0 g per 40 g of legume seed . At the higher dosage of 2 . 5 g , C sinensis was more effective and reduced the population of C cephalonica by half when compared to the population in control jars over a period of 1 . 5 months .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Accumulation of ammonium in rice leaves in response to excess cadmium .
| | Author: Chien H Kao CH .
| | Journal: Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10908811 Accession (PMID): 10908811 | | Abstract: The relationship between ammonium accumulation and senescence of detached rice leaves caused by excess cadmium ( Cd ) was investigated .
CdCl ( 2 ) was effective in increasing ammonium content in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions .
Both CdCl ( 2 ) and CdSO ( 4 ) induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves , indicating that ammonium accumulation is induced by Cd ions .
CdCl ( 2 ) -promoted senescence and ammonium accumulation is not specific for the rice cultivar used in this study .
The senescence of detached rice leaves induced by CdCl ( 2 ) was found to be prior to ammonium accumulation .
CdCl ( 2 ) induces more ammonium accumulation in the dark than in the light .
However , CdCl ( 2 ) treatment was found to be less effective in promoting senescence in the dark than in the light .
The current results suggest that ammonium accumulation is not associated with the senescence of detached rice leaves induced by Cd .
Evidence was presented to show that CdCl ( 2 ) -induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves is attributed to a decrease in glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relationship between ammonium accumulation and senescence of detached rice leaves caused by excess cadmium ( Cd ) was investigated . CdCl ( 2 ) was effective in increasing ammonium content in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions . Both CdCl ( 2 ) and CdSO ( 4 ) induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves , indicating that ammonium accumulation is induced by Cd ions . CdCl ( 2 ) -promoted senescence and ammonium accumulation is not specific for the rice cultivar used in this study . The senescence of detached rice leaves induced by CdCl ( 2 ) was found to be prior to ammonium accumulation . CdCl ( 2 ) induces more ammonium accumulation in the dark than in the light . However , CdCl ( 2 ) treatment was found to be less effective in promoting senescence in the dark than in the light . The current results suggest that ammonium accumulation is not associated with the senescence of detached rice leaves induced by Cd . Evidence was presented to show that CdCl ( 2 ) -induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves is attributed to a decrease in glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relationship between ammonium accumulation and senescence of detached rice leaves caused by excess cadmium ( Cd ) was investigated . CdCl ( 2 ) was effective in increasing ammonium content in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions . Both CdCl ( 2 ) and CdSO ( 4 ) induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves , indicating that ammonium accumulation is induced by Cd ions . CdCl ( 2 ) -promoted senescence and ammonium accumulation is not specific for the rice cultivar used in this study . The senescence of detached rice leaves induced by CdCl ( 2 ) was found to be prior to ammonium accumulation . CdCl ( 2 ) induces more ammonium accumulation in the dark than in the light . However , CdCl ( 2 ) treatment was found to be less effective in promoting senescence in the dark than in the light . The current results suggest that ammonium accumulation is not associated with the senescence of detached rice leaves induced by Cd . Evidence was presented to show that CdCl ( 2 ) -induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves is attributed to a decrease in glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Intracellular pH regulation in maize root tips exposed to ammonium at high external pH .
| | Author: Gerends J Ratcliffe RG .
| | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10938827 Accession (PMID): 10938827 | | Abstract: Ammonium-induced changes in the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH values of excised maize ( Zea mays L ) root tips , measured by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy , were correlated with the ammonium content of the it issue , determined by 14N NMR .
Calculations based on these measurements indicated that the pH changes observed during exposure to 10 mM ammonium for 1 h at pH 9 . 0 , and in the recovery following the removal of the external ammonium supply , were largely determined by the influx and efflux of the weak base NH3 .
Carboxylate synthesis , detected by both in vivo 13C NMR and the incorporation of [ 14C ] bicarbonate , was stimulated by the ammonium-induced alkalinization of the root tips , but the contribution that this proton-generating process made to pH regulation during and after the ammonium treatment was quantitatively insignificant .
Similarly , ammonium assimilation , which was shown to occur via the proton-generating glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway using in vivo 15N NMR , was also quantitatively insignificant in comparison with the large changes in ammonium content that occurred during the ammonium treatment and subsequent recovery .
The results are discussed in relation to several recent studies in which ammonium was used to perturb intracellular pH values , and it is argued ( i ) that a new method for probing the subcellular compartmentation of amino acids , based on an ammonium-induced alkalinization of the cytoplasm may be difficult to implement in dense heterogeneous it issues ; and ( ii ) that observations on the apparently proton-consuming effect of ammonium assimilation in rice root hairs may actually reflect unusually rapid assimilation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ammonium-induced changes in the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH values of excised maize ( Zea mays L ) root tips , measured by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy , were correlated with the ammonium content of the it issue , determined by 14N NMR . Calculations based on these measurements indicated that the pH changes observed during exposure to 10 mM ammonium for 1 h at pH 9 . 0 , and in the recovery following the removal of the external ammonium supply , were largely determined by the influx and efflux of the weak base NH3 . Carboxylate synthesis , detected by both in vivo 13C NMR and the incorporation of [ 14C ] bicarbonate , was stimulated by the ammonium-induced alkalinization of the root tips , but the contribution that this proton-generating process made to pH regulation during and after the ammonium treatment was quantitatively insignificant . Similarly , ammonium assimilation , which was shown to occur via the proton-generating glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway using in vivo 15N NMR , was also quantitatively insignificant in comparison with the large changes in ammonium content that occurred during the ammonium treatment and subsequent recovery . The results are discussed in relation to several recent studies in which ammonium was used to perturb intracellular pH values , and it is argued ( i ) that a new method for probing the subcellular compartmentation of amino acids , based on an ammonium-induced alkalinization of the cytoplasm may be difficult to implement in dense heterogeneous it issues ; and ( ii ) that observations on the apparently proton-consuming effect of ammonium assimilation in rice root hairs may actually reflect unusually rapid assimilation .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ammonium-induced changes in the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH values of excised maize ( Zea mays L ) root tips , measured by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy , were correlated with the ammonium content of the it issue , determined by 14N NMR . Calculations based on these measurements indicated that the pH changes observed during exposure to 10 mM ammonium for 1 h at pH 9 . 0 , and in the recovery following the removal of the external ammonium supply , were largely determined by the influx and efflux of the weak base NH3 . Carboxylate synthesis , detected by both in vivo 13C NMR and the incorporation of [ 14C ] bicarbonate , was stimulated by the ammonium-induced alkalinization of the root tips , but the contribution that this proton-generating process made to pH regulation during and after the ammonium treatment was quantitatively insignificant . Similarly , ammonium assimilation , which was shown to occur via the proton-generating glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway using in vivo 15N NMR , was also quantitatively insignificant in comparison with the large changes in ammonium content that occurred during the ammonium treatment and subsequent recovery . The results are discussed in relation to several recent studies in which ammonium was used to perturb intracellular pH values , and it is argued ( i ) that a new method for probing the subcellular compartmentation of amino acids , based on an ammonium-induced alkalinization of the cytoplasm may be difficult to implement in dense heterogeneous it issues ; and ( ii ) that observations on the apparently proton-consuming effect of ammonium assimilation in rice root hairs may actually reflect unusually rapid assimilation .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of rice proteins by polyethylene glycol fractionation for protein arrays .
| | Author: Kim ST Cho KS Jang YS Kang KY .
| | Journal: Electrophoresis Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11465512 Accession (PMID): 11465512 | | Abstract: Two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) is known as the most effective as well as one of the simplest methods for separating proteins .
However , a few hundred plant leaf proteins out of thousands visualized on a 2-DE gel can be identified by chemical analysis due to the presence of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco ) that limits protein loading .
We describe the extraction and fractionation technique with polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) to analyze rice leaf proteins .
Rice proteins were extracted with Mg/NP-40 extraction buffer .
The Mg/Nonidet P-40 ( NP-40 ) buffer extract was further fractionated with PEG into three fractions : 10% PEG and 10-20% PEG precipitants and the final supernatant fraction that was precipitated with acetone .
Rubisco , the most abundant rice leaf protein , was enriched in the 20% PEG precipitant .
This fractionation technique analyzed at least 2 , 600 well-separated protein spots and exhibited less than 1 . 2% of noticeable overlapping spots .
An immunological approach was used to verify the efficiency whether PEG fractionation technique can detect or enrich signal transduction components such as Galpha , ADP ribosylation factor , small GTP binding protein and 14-3-3 .
The ADP ribosylation factor ( ARF ) and Galpha were only detected in the PEG supernatant fraction not in the total protein fraction .
The small GTP binding protein ( Rab 7 ) was identified in the 10% PEG fraction and only faintly in the total protein fraction .
The 14-3-3 protein was detected in all fractions but was especially prevalent in the 20% PEG fraction . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) is known as the most effective as well as one of the simplest methods for separating proteins . However , a few hundred plant leaf proteins out of thousands visualized on a 2-DE gel can be identified by chemical analysis due to the presence of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco ) that limits protein loading . We describe the extraction and fractionation technique with polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) to analyze rice leaf proteins . Rice proteins were extracted with Mg/NP-40 extraction buffer . The Mg/Nonidet P-40 ( NP-40 ) buffer extract was further fractionated with PEG into three fractions : 10% PEG and 10-20% PEG precipitants and the final supernatant fraction that was precipitated with acetone . Rubisco , the most abundant rice leaf protein , was enriched in the 20% PEG precipitant . This fractionation technique analyzed at least 2 , 600 well-separated protein spots and exhibited less than 1 . 2% of noticeable overlapping spots . An immunological approach was used to verify the efficiency whether PEG fractionation technique can detect or enrich signal transduction components such as Galpha , ADP ribosylation factor , small GTP binding protein and 14-3-3 . The ADP ribosylation factor ( ARF ) and Galpha were only detected in the PEG supernatant fraction not in the total protein fraction . The small GTP binding protein ( Rab 7 ) was identified in the 10% PEG fraction and only faintly in the total protein fraction .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) is known as the most effective as well as one of the simplest methods for separating proteins . However , a few hundred plant leaf proteins out of thousands visualized on a 2-DE gel can be identified by chemical analysis due to the presence of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco ) that limits protein loading . We describe the extraction and fractionation technique with polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) to analyze rice leaf proteins . Rice proteins were extracted with Mg/NP-40 extraction buffer . The Mg/Nonidet P-40 ( NP-40 ) buffer extract was further fractionated with PEG into three fractions : 10% PEG and 10-20% PEG precipitants and the final supernatant fraction that was precipitated with acetone . Rubisco , the most abundant rice leaf protein , was enriched in the 20% PEG precipitant . This fractionation technique analyzed at least 2 , 600 well-separated protein spots and exhibited less than 1 . 2% of noticeable overlapping spots . An immunological approach was used to verify the efficiency whether PEG fractionation technique can detect or enrich signal transduction components such as Galpha , ADP ribosylation factor , small GTP binding protein and 14-3-3 . The ADP ribosylation factor ( ARF ) and Galpha were only detected in the PEG supernatant fraction not in the total protein fraction . The small GTP binding protein ( Rab 7 ) was identified in the 10% PEG fraction and only faintly in the total protein fraction . The 14-3-3 protein was detected in all fractions but was especially prevalent in the 20% PEG fraction .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Striving for sustainable wildlife management : the case of Kilombero Game Controlled Area , Tanzania .
| | Author: Haule KS Johnsen FH Maganga SL .
| | Journal: J Environ . Manage . Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12395585 Accession (PMID): 12395585 | | Abstract: The sustainability of wildlife resources in Africa is threatened by poaching for trophies and meat as well as changes in land use .
In order to motivate local people for sustainable wildlife management , efforts to transfer decision-making power as well as benefits from central to local level have been made in several countries .
Such efforts have not yet been seen in Kilombero Game Controlled Area , which is the area covered by the present study .
The paper documents the importance of wildlife to local people , explores local peoples perceptions on wildlife management and identifies constraints to sustainable wildlife management .
A total of 177 household interviews in 5 villages and 129 interviews of pupils in schools have been conducted .
The majority of pupils reported that their latest meal of meat was from a wild animal , and the most common species was buffalo .
Apart from availability of cheap wildlife meat , advantages from living close to wildlife include the use of various parts of animals for , eg medical and ritual uses , and various plant products from wildlife habitats .
Disadvantages include damages to crops , predation on livestock , and injuries to humans .
The estimated loss of yield due to raiding by wildlife amounted to 21 . 9 and 47 . 8% of the harvest of rice and maize , respectively .
Traditional wildlife management in Kilombero includes few rules to avoid resource depletion , because depletion has traditionally not been a problem due to low hunting technology and low human population .
Government management includes strict rules , with hunting quotas as the main instrument , but the government has failed to enforce the rules .
Ongoing discussions on new approaches to wildlife management like co-management and community-based management were largely unknown to the villagers in the area .
Both poaching and agricultural expansion threaten the sustainability of Kilombero Game Controlled Area .
It is suggested that transfers of decision-making power and benefits to local people is necessary in order to achieve sustainable management .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sustainability of wildlife resources in Africa is threatened by poaching for trophies and meat as well as changes in land use . In order to motivate local people for sustainable wildlife management , efforts to transfer decision-making power as well as benefits from central to local level have been made in several countries . Such efforts have not yet been seen in Kilombero Game Controlled Area , which is the area covered by the present study . The paper documents the importance of wildlife to local people , explores local peoples perceptions on wildlife management and identifies constraints to sustainable wildlife management . A total of 177 household interviews in 5 villages and 129 interviews of pupils in schools have been conducted . The majority of pupils reported that their latest meal of meat was from a wild animal , and the most common species was buffalo . Apart from availability of cheap wildlife meat , advantages from living close to wildlife include the use of various parts of animals for , eg medical and ritual uses , and various plant products from wildlife habitats . Disadvantages include damages to crops , predation on livestock , and injuries to humans . The estimated loss of yield due to raiding by wildlife amounted to 21 . 9 and 47 . 8% of the harvest of rice and maize , respectively . Traditional wildlife management in Kilombero includes few rules to avoid resource depletion , because depletion has traditionally not been a problem due to low hunting technology and low human population . Government management includes strict rules , with hunting quotas as the main instrument , but the government has failed to enforce the rules .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sustainability of wildlife resources in Africa is threatened by poaching for trophies and meat as well as changes in land use . In order to motivate local people for sustainable wildlife management , efforts to transfer decision-making power as well as benefits from central to local level have been made in several countries . Such efforts have not yet been seen in Kilombero Game Controlled Area , which is the area covered by the present study . The paper documents the importance of wildlife to local people , explores local peoples perceptions on wildlife management and identifies constraints to sustainable wildlife management . A total of 177 household interviews in 5 villages and 129 interviews of pupils in schools have been conducted . The majority of pupils reported that their latest meal of meat was from a wild animal , and the most common species was buffalo . Apart from availability of cheap wildlife meat , advantages from living close to wildlife include the use of various parts of animals for , eg medical and ritual uses , and various plant products from wildlife habitats . Disadvantages include damages to crops , predation on livestock , and injuries to humans . The estimated loss of yield due to raiding by wildlife amounted to 21 . 9 and 47 . 8% of the harvest of rice and maize , respectively . Traditional wildlife management in Kilombero includes few rules to avoid resource depletion , because depletion has traditionally not been a problem due to low hunting technology and low human population . Government management includes strict rules , with hunting quotas as the main instrument , but the government has failed to enforce the rules . Ongoing discussions on new approaches to wildlife management like co-management and community-based management were largely unknown to the villagers in the area .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Arsenic in cooked rice in Bangladesh .
| | Author: Bae M Watanabe C Inaoka T Sekiyama M Sudo N Bokul MH Ohtsuka R | | Journal: Lancet Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12480363 Accession (PMID): 12480363 | | Abstract: In Bangladesh , rice is boiled with an excessive amount of water , and the water remaining after cooking will be discarded .
We did an on-site experiment to assess the effect of this cooking method on the amount of arsenic retained in cooked rice .
The concentration of arsenic in cooked rice was higher than that in raw rice and absorbed water combined , suggesting a chelating effect by rice grains , or concentration of arsenic because of water evaporation during cooking , or both .
The method of cooking and water used can affect the amount of arsenic in cooked rice , which will have implications for the assessment of the health risks of arsenic . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Bangladesh , rice is boiled with an excessive amount of water , and the water remaining after cooking will be discarded . We did an on-site experiment to assess the effect of this cooking method on the amount of arsenic retained in cooked rice . The concentration of arsenic in cooked rice was higher than that in raw rice and absorbed water combined , suggesting a chelating effect by rice grains , or concentration of arsenic because of water evaporation during cooking , or both . The method of cooking and water used can affect the amount of arsenic in cooked rice , which will have implications for the assessment of the health risks of arsenic .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Bangladesh , rice is boiled with an excessive amount of water , and the water remaining after cooking will be discarded . We did an on-site experiment to assess the effect of this cooking method on the amount of arsenic retained in cooked rice . The concentration of arsenic in cooked rice was higher than that in raw rice and absorbed water combined , suggesting a chelating effect by rice grains , or concentration of arsenic because of water evaporation during cooking , or both . The method of cooking and water used can affect the amount of arsenic in cooked rice , which will have implications for the assessment of the health risks of arsenic .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of resistance to three bruchid species ( Callosobruchus spp . , Coleoptera , Bruchidae ) in cultivated rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ) .
| | Author: Kashiwaba K Tomooka N Kaga A Han OK Vaughan DA .
| | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12650364 Accession (PMID): 12650364 | | Abstract: Resistance of wild and cultivated rice bean ( Vigna umbellata [ Thunberg ] Ohwi and Ohashi ) to three bruchid species , Callosobruchus chinensis L , Callosobruchus maculatus F , and Callosobruchus analis F , was evaluated .
All but three accessions of cultivated , and all wild rice bean accessions tested , exhibited complete resistance to all three bruchid species .
Rice bean seeds with seed coat removed also showed complete resistance to the three bruchid species .
Results indicate that physical attributes and/or chemical ( s ) present in the seed coat of rice bean are not the main factors responsible for resistance .
Feeding tests were performed by using artificial beans prepared with varying proportions of rice bean ( resistant ) and azuki bean ( susceptible ) flour .
Number of bruchid adults that emerged decreased , and larval developmental period ( days ) was extended , when artificial beans with an increasing proportion of rice bean flour were used .
These tests revealed that a chemical compound ( s ) contained in the cotyledon of rice bean has an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bruchid species .
The results also indicate that the chemical ( s ) in rice bean cotyledon is most effective against C maculatus .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Resistance of wild and cultivated rice bean ( Vigna umbellata [ Thunberg ] Ohwi and Ohashi ) to three bruchid species , Callosobruchus chinensis L , Callosobruchus maculatus F , and Callosobruchus analis F , was evaluated . All but three accessions of cultivated , and all wild rice bean accessions tested , exhibited complete resistance to all three bruchid species . Rice bean seeds with seed coat removed also showed complete resistance to the three bruchid species . Results indicate that physical attributes and/or chemical ( s ) present in the seed coat of rice bean are not the main factors responsible for resistance . Feeding tests were performed by using artificial beans prepared with varying proportions of rice bean ( resistant ) and azuki bean ( susceptible ) flour . Number of bruchid adults that emerged decreased , and larval developmental period ( days ) was extended , when artificial beans with an increasing proportion of rice bean flour were used . These tests revealed that a chemical compound ( s ) contained in the cotyledon of rice bean has an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bruchid species . The results also indicate that the chemical ( s ) in rice bean cotyledon is most effective against C maculatus .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Resistance of wild and cultivated rice bean ( Vigna umbellata [ Thunberg ] Ohwi and Ohashi ) to three bruchid species , Callosobruchus chinensis L , Callosobruchus maculatus F , and Callosobruchus analis F , was evaluated . All but three accessions of cultivated , and all wild rice bean accessions tested , exhibited complete resistance to all three bruchid species . Rice bean seeds with seed coat removed also showed complete resistance to the three bruchid species . Results indicate that physical attributes and/or chemical ( s ) present in the seed coat of rice bean are not the main factors responsible for resistance . Feeding tests were performed by using artificial beans prepared with varying proportions of rice bean ( resistant ) and azuki bean ( susceptible ) flour . Number of bruchid adults that emerged decreased , and larval developmental period ( days ) was extended , when artificial beans with an increasing proportion of rice bean flour were used . These tests revealed that a chemical compound ( s ) contained in the cotyledon of rice bean has an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bruchid species . The results also indicate that the chemical ( s ) in rice bean cotyledon is most effective against C maculatus .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Removal of selenate in simulated agricultural drainage water by a rice straw bioreactor channel system .
| | Author: Zhang Y Frankenberger WT .
| | Journal: J Environ .
Qual Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14535305 Accession (PMID): 14535305 | | Abstract: Removal of selenium ( Se ) from agricultural drainage water is important in protecting wetland wildlife .
Three flow-through bioreactor channel systems ( BCSs ) , each with three channels filled with rice ( Oryza sativa L ) straw , were set in the laboratory to determine removal of selenate [ Se ( VI ) ] ( 1020 microg L ( -1 ) ) from drainage water with a salinity of 10 . 4 dS m ( -1 ) , a pH of 8 . 1 , and a nitrate ( NO3- ) range of 0 to 100 mg L ( -1 ) .
Results showed that the rice straw effectively reduced Se ( VI ) during 122 to 165 d of the experiments .
Calculation of Se mass in the three BCSs showed that 89 . 5 to 91 . 9% of the input Se ( VI ) was reduced to red elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] , where 96 . 6 to 98 . 2% was trapped in the BCSs .
Losses of each gram of rice straw were almost equal to the removal of 1 . 66 mg of Se from the drainage water as a form of red Se ( 0 ) , indicating that rice straw is a very effective organic source for removing Se ( VI ) from drainage water . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Removal of selenium ( Se ) from agricultural drainage water is important in protecting wetland wildlife . Three flow-through bioreactor channel systems ( BCSs ) , each with three channels filled with rice ( Oryza sativa L ) straw , were set in the laboratory to determine removal of selenate [ Se ( VI ) ] ( 1020 microg L ( -1 ) ) from drainage water with a salinity of 10 . 4 dS m ( -1 ) , a pH of 8 . 1 , and a nitrate ( NO3- ) range of 0 to 100 mg L ( -1 ) . Results showed that the rice straw effectively reduced Se ( VI ) during 122 to 165 d of the experiments . Calculation of Se mass in the three BCSs showed that 89 . 5 to 91 . 9% of the input Se ( VI ) was reduced to red elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] , where 96 . 6 to 98 . 2% was trapped in the BCSs . Losses of each gram of rice straw were almost equal to the removal of 1 . 66 mg of Se from the drainage water as a form of red Se ( 0 ) , indicating that rice straw is a very effective organic source for removing Se ( VI ) from drainage water .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Removal of selenium ( Se ) from agricultural drainage water is important in protecting wetland wildlife . Three flow-through bioreactor channel systems ( BCSs ) , each with three channels filled with rice ( Oryza sativa L ) straw , were set in the laboratory to determine removal of selenate [ Se ( VI ) ] ( 1020 microg L ( -1 ) ) from drainage water with a salinity of 10 . 4 dS m ( -1 ) , a pH of 8 . 1 , and a nitrate ( NO3- ) range of 0 to 100 mg L ( -1 ) . Results showed that the rice straw effectively reduced Se ( VI ) during 122 to 165 d of the experiments . Calculation of Se mass in the three BCSs showed that 89 . 5 to 91 . 9% of the input Se ( VI ) was reduced to red elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] , where 96 . 6 to 98 . 2% was trapped in the BCSs . Losses of each gram of rice straw were almost equal to the removal of 1 . 66 mg of Se from the drainage water as a form of red Se ( 0 ) , indicating that rice straw is a very effective organic source for removing Se ( VI ) from drainage water .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Photooxidation characteristics of super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" and its parents ] | | Author: Wang R Zhang Y Qian L Yu J | | Journal: Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14655365 Accession (PMID): 14655365 | | Abstract: With comparison of the differences of light absorption and active oxygen metabolism between super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" and its parents , this paper provided a physiological foundation of matching and grouping for cultivating anti-photooxidized hybrid rice .
TPS-photosynthetic system and FMS2-fluorescence ( Hansatech , UK ) were used to respectively determine the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll fluorescence in the rice leaves that had been processed in artificial photooxidization .
Meanwhile , the contents of chlorophyll , protein and malonaldehydic acid ( MDA ) as well as the activation of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and peroxidase ( POD ) were determined .
The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of "Liangyoupeijiu" was 2 . 4% lower than that of its female parent , and 23% higher than that of its male parent .
After eight days anti-photooxidization process , its chlorophyll content was higher than that of its female parent by 33% , protein by 15% , initial photochemical efficiency by 30% , SOD by 32% and POD by 100% , while its photochemical quince coefficient was lower than that of its female parent by 9% and MDA by 50% .
It showed that there was not much difference between the filial generation and its male parent .
The super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" was very efficient for solar energy utilization under the condition of photooxidization , and had outgrown its parents in the aspect of anti-photooxidization . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: With comparison of the differences of light absorption and active oxygen metabolism between super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" and its parents , this paper provided a physiological foundation of matching and grouping for cultivating anti-photooxidized hybrid rice . TPS-photosynthetic system and FMS2-fluorescence ( Hansatech , UK ) were used to respectively determine the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll fluorescence in the rice leaves that had been processed in artificial photooxidization . Meanwhile , the contents of chlorophyll , protein and malonaldehydic acid ( MDA ) as well as the activation of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and peroxidase ( POD ) were determined . The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of "Liangyoupeijiu" was 2 . 4% lower than that of its female parent , and 23% higher than that of its male parent . After eight days anti-photooxidization process , its chlorophyll content was higher than that of its female parent by 33% , protein by 15% , initial photochemical efficiency by 30% , SOD by 32% and POD by 100% , while its photochemical quince coefficient was lower than that of its female parent by 9% and MDA by 50% . It showed that there was not much difference between the filial generation and its male parent . The super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" was very efficient for solar energy utilization under the condition of photooxidization , and had outgrown its parents in the aspect of anti-photooxidization .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: With comparison of the differences of light absorption and active oxygen metabolism between super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" and its parents , this paper provided a physiological foundation of matching and grouping for cultivating anti-photooxidized hybrid rice . TPS-photosynthetic system and FMS2-fluorescence ( Hansatech , UK ) were used to respectively determine the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll fluorescence in the rice leaves that had been processed in artificial photooxidization . Meanwhile , the contents of chlorophyll , protein and malonaldehydic acid ( MDA ) as well as the activation of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and peroxidase ( POD ) were determined . The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of "Liangyoupeijiu" was 2 . 4% lower than that of its female parent , and 23% higher than that of its male parent . After eight days anti-photooxidization process , its chlorophyll content was higher than that of its female parent by 33% , protein by 15% , initial photochemical efficiency by 30% , SOD by 32% and POD by 100% , while its photochemical quince coefficient was lower than that of its female parent by 9% and MDA by 50% . It showed that there was not much difference between the filial generation and its male parent . The super-hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" was very efficient for solar energy utilization under the condition of photooxidization , and had outgrown its parents in the aspect of anti-photooxidization .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride .
| | Author: Liu M Sun ZX Zhu J Xu T Harman GE Lorito M | | Journal: J Zhejiang Univ . Sci . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14674022 Accession (PMID): 14674022 | | Abstract: Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes ( CWDEs ) , ech42 , nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305 . 2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants .
More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations ( for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations ) were obtained .
The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani , while the exochitinase-encoding gene , nag70 , had lesser effect .
The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance .
Nevertheless , exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics .
Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78 .
A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease .
Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level .
This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes ( CWDEs ) , ech42 , nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305 . 2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants . More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations ( for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations ) were obtained . The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani , while the exochitinase-encoding gene , nag70 , had lesser effect . The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance . Nevertheless , exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics . Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78 . A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease . Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level . This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes ( CWDEs ) , ech42 , nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305 . 2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants . More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations ( for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations ) were obtained . The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani , while the exochitinase-encoding gene , nag70 , had lesser effect . The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance . Nevertheless , exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics . Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78 . A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease . Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level . This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields ] | | Author: Jia Z Cai Z | | Journal: Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14997675 Accession (PMID): 14997675 | | Abstract: Methane emission from rice paddy fields is the net result of the combination of many processes , ie , CH4 production , CH4 oxidation and CH4 transportation in paddy soil .
Rice plants play a key role in the CH4 emission from paddy fields , particularly in all the processes involved .
The positive and negative effects of rice plants on CH4 emission from paddy fields are well recognized as the main factors influencing the temporal variation of CH4 emission flux in paddy field .
Process-based studies about the effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields were summarized , and different roles of rice plants on this emission were discussed .
Root exudates and litters of rice plants could serve as the substrate for methanogenesis and enhance the CH4 production of paddy soils , resulting in a high CH4 emission peak , particularly in rice late growing season .
Rhizospheric CH4 oxidation induced by rice root-excreted oxygen constitutes a main biogenic sink of CH4 , which could account for 36-90% of CH4 produced in paddy soil over the entire growing season of rice .
Up to 80% and more of CH4 released from rice field during a growing season could be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport .
The fully developed aerenchyma of rice plants could be of importance in CH4 emission during rice growing seasons , and responsible for the CH4 emission peak observed at rice early growing season . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methane emission from rice paddy fields is the net result of the combination of many processes , ie , CH4 production , CH4 oxidation and CH4 transportation in paddy soil . Rice plants play a key role in the CH4 emission from paddy fields , particularly in all the processes involved . The positive and negative effects of rice plants on CH4 emission from paddy fields are well recognized as the main factors influencing the temporal variation of CH4 emission flux in paddy field . Process-based studies about the effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields were summarized , and different roles of rice plants on this emission were discussed . Root exudates and litters of rice plants could serve as the substrate for methanogenesis and enhance the CH4 production of paddy soils , resulting in a high CH4 emission peak , particularly in rice late growing season . Rhizospheric CH4 oxidation induced by rice root-excreted oxygen constitutes a main biogenic sink of CH4 , which could account for 36-90% of CH4 produced in paddy soil over the entire growing season of rice . Up to 80% and more of CH4 released from rice field during a growing season could be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport . The fully developed aerenchyma of rice plants could be of importance in CH4 emission during rice growing seasons , and responsible for the CH4 emission peak observed at rice early growing season .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methane emission from rice paddy fields is the net result of the combination of many processes , ie , CH4 production , CH4 oxidation and CH4 transportation in paddy soil . Rice plants play a key role in the CH4 emission from paddy fields , particularly in all the processes involved . The positive and negative effects of rice plants on CH4 emission from paddy fields are well recognized as the main factors influencing the temporal variation of CH4 emission flux in paddy field . Process-based studies about the effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields were summarized , and different roles of rice plants on this emission were discussed . Root exudates and litters of rice plants could serve as the substrate for methanogenesis and enhance the CH4 production of paddy soils , resulting in a high CH4 emission peak , particularly in rice late growing season . Rhizospheric CH4 oxidation induced by rice root-excreted oxygen constitutes a main biogenic sink of CH4 , which could account for 36-90% of CH4 produced in paddy soil over the entire growing season of rice . Up to 80% and more of CH4 released from rice field during a growing season could be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport . The fully developed aerenchyma of rice plants could be of importance in CH4 emission during rice growing seasons , and responsible for the CH4 emission peak observed at rice early growing season .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Duodenal ulcer in China .
| | Author: Tovey FI .
| | Journal: J Gastroenterol . Hepatol . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1515570 Accession (PMID): 1515570 | | Abstract: The author visited China in 1981 and 1984 and obtained data comparing the incidence of duodenal ulcer in the rice eating districts of the south with the incidence in the wheat , maize and millet eating areas of the north .
The evidence suggested a higher prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the rice eating areas than in the wheat eating areas , and a low prevalence in association with millet eating .
However , the differences were less marked than between similar rice and wheat eating areas of India .
It is suggested that the lower prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the wheat eating areas of north India compared with the rice eating areas of south India may be due in part to the mucosal protective effect of wheat bran in the unrefined wheat that is used in making chappatis .
In China white refined flour is used in the making of steamed bread with the loss of any protective effect of wheat bran . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The author visited China in 1981 and 1984 and obtained data comparing the incidence of duodenal ulcer in the rice eating districts of the south with the incidence in the wheat , maize and millet eating areas of the north . The evidence suggested a higher prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the rice eating areas than in the wheat eating areas , and a low prevalence in association with millet eating . However , the differences were less marked than between similar rice and wheat eating areas of India . It is suggested that the lower prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the wheat eating areas of north India compared with the rice eating areas of south India may be due in part to the mucosal protective effect of wheat bran in the unrefined wheat that is used in making chappatis . In China white refined flour is used in the making of steamed bread with the loss of any protective effect of wheat bran .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The author visited China in 1981 and 1984 and obtained data comparing the incidence of duodenal ulcer in the rice eating districts of the south with the incidence in the wheat , maize and millet eating areas of the north . The evidence suggested a higher prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the rice eating areas than in the wheat eating areas , and a low prevalence in association with millet eating . However , the differences were less marked than between similar rice and wheat eating areas of India . It is suggested that the lower prevalence of duodenal ulcer in the wheat eating areas of north India compared with the rice eating areas of south India may be due in part to the mucosal protective effect of wheat bran in the unrefined wheat that is used in making chappatis . In China white refined flour is used in the making of steamed bread with the loss of any protective effect of wheat bran .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Study on food safety of genetically modified rice which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor by 90 day feeding test on rats ] | | Author: Zhuo Q Chen X Piao J Gu L | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15208998 Accession (PMID): 15208998 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CPTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects .
METHODS : Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups : T , N and C group .
The diet of T group contained 78 . 3% transgenic rice .
The diet of N group contained 74 . 7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one .
The diet formula of C group was AIN93G .
The macro and micronutrient content were equal in three diets .
The rats were fed for 90 days .
Food intakes were weight every day , body-weight were weight and body-length were measured every week .
In the middle and at the end of feeding period , haematological value and clinical chemistry parameters were measured , at the end of the 90th day , post-mortem organ coefficient were measured , organ it issues analysis was performed and bone density was measured .
RESULTS : In most situation , there were no significant differences among the three groups ( P > 0 . 05 ) and no histopathological damage were detected .
At the end of the 1st month , the male rats body length of the T group was longer than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the male rats blood glucose and ALT were lower than the other two groups .
In the middle of the test period , the female rats red blood cell number and hemoglobin were higher than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the female rats monocyte number was higher than the other two groups ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
But all of the results were in the normal range which had been reported before .
CONCLUSION : From the results of the 90 days feeding test of transgenic rice on rats there did not reveal any signs of toxic and adverse effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CPTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects . METHODS : Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups : T , N and C group . The diet of T group contained 78 . 3% transgenic rice . The diet of N group contained 74 . 7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one . The diet formula of C group was AIN93G . The macro and micronutrient content were equal in three diets . The rats were fed for 90 days . Food intakes were weight every day , body-weight were weight and body-length were measured every week . In the middle and at the end of feeding period , haematological value and clinical chemistry parameters were measured , at the end of the 90th day , post-mortem organ coefficient were measured , organ it issues analysis was performed and bone density was measured . RESULTS : In most situation , there were no significant differences among the three groups ( P > 0 . 05 ) and no histopathological damage were detected .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: The diet formula of C group was AIN93G . The macro and micronutrient content were equal in three diets . The rats were fed for 90 days . Food intakes were weight every day , body-weight were weight and body-length were measured every week . In the middle and at the end of feeding period , haematological value and clinical chemistry parameters were measured , at the end of the 90th day , post-mortem organ coefficient were measured , organ it issues analysis was performed and bone density was measured . RESULTS : In most situation , there were no significant differences among the three groups ( P > 0 . 05 ) and no histopathological damage were detected . At the end of the 1st month , the male rats body length of the T group was longer than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the male rats blood glucose and ALT were lower than the other two groups . In the middle of the test period , the female rats red blood cell number and hemoglobin were higher than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the female rats monocyte number was higher than the other two groups ( P < 0 . 05 ) . But all of the results were in the normal range which had been reported before . CONCLUSION : From the results of the 90 days feeding test of transgenic rice on rats there did not reveal any signs of toxic and adverse effects .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Role of Gibberellin in the Growth Response of Submerged Deep Water Rice .
| | Author: Raskin I Kende H | | Journal: Year: 1984 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16663977 Accession (PMID): 16663977 | | Abstract: We have shown previously that ethylene , which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged stem sections of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv "Habiganj Aman II" ) , is involved in regulating the growth response caused by submergence .
The role of gibberellins in the submergence response was studied using tetcyclacis ( TCY ) , a new plant growth retardant , which inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis .
Stem sections excised from plants that had been watered with a solution of 1 micromolar TCY for 7 to 10 days did not elongate when submerged in the same solution or when exposed to 1 microliter per liter ethylene in air .
Gibberellic acid ( GA ( 3 ) ) at 0 . 3 micromolar overcame the effect of TCY and restored the rapid internodal elongation in submerged and ethylene-treated sections to the levels observed in control sections that had not been treated with TCY .
The effect of 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 micromolar GA ( 3 ) on internodal elongation was enhanced two to eight-fold when 1 microliter per liter ethylene was added to the air passing through the chamber in which the sections were incubated .
GA ( 3 ) and ethylene caused a similar increase in cell division and cell elongation in rice internodes .
Thus , ethylene may cause internodal elongation in rice by increasing the activity of endogenous GAs .
In internodes from which the leaf sheath had been peeled off , growth in response to submergence , ethylene and GA ( 3 ) was severely inhibited by light . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have shown previously that ethylene , which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged stem sections of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv "Habiganj Aman II" ) , is involved in regulating the growth response caused by submergence . The role of gibberellins in the submergence response was studied using tetcyclacis ( TCY ) , a new plant growth retardant , which inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis . Stem sections excised from plants that had been watered with a solution of 1 micromolar TCY for 7 to 10 days did not elongate when submerged in the same solution or when exposed to 1 microliter per liter ethylene in air . Gibberellic acid ( GA ( 3 ) ) at 0 . 3 micromolar overcame the effect of TCY and restored the rapid internodal elongation in submerged and ethylene-treated sections to the levels observed in control sections that had not been treated with TCY . The effect of 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 micromolar GA ( 3 ) on internodal elongation was enhanced two to eight-fold when 1 microliter per liter ethylene was added to the air passing through the chamber in which the sections were incubated . GA ( 3 ) and ethylene caused a similar increase in cell division and cell elongation in rice internodes . Thus , ethylene may cause internodal elongation in rice by increasing the activity of endogenous GAs . In internodes from which the leaf sheath had been peeled off , growth in response to submergence , ethylene and GA ( 3 ) was severely inhibited by light .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have shown previously that ethylene , which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged stem sections of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv "Habiganj Aman II" ) , is involved in regulating the growth response caused by submergence . The role of gibberellins in the submergence response was studied using tetcyclacis ( TCY ) , a new plant growth retardant , which inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis . Stem sections excised from plants that had been watered with a solution of 1 micromolar TCY for 7 to 10 days did not elongate when submerged in the same solution or when exposed to 1 microliter per liter ethylene in air . Gibberellic acid ( GA ( 3 ) ) at 0 . 3 micromolar overcame the effect of TCY and restored the rapid internodal elongation in submerged and ethylene-treated sections to the levels observed in control sections that had not been treated with TCY . The effect of 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 micromolar GA ( 3 ) on internodal elongation was enhanced two to eight-fold when 1 microliter per liter ethylene was added to the air passing through the chamber in which the sections were incubated . GA ( 3 ) and ethylene caused a similar increase in cell division and cell elongation in rice internodes . Thus , ethylene may cause internodal elongation in rice by increasing the activity of endogenous GAs . In internodes from which the leaf sheath had been peeled off , growth in response to submergence , ethylene and GA ( 3 ) was severely inhibited by light .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Cholinesterase-based dipstick assay for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides .
| | Author: No HY Kim YA Lee YT Lee HS | | Journal: Anal Chim Acta Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17560383 Accession (PMID): 17560383 | | Abstract: A cholinesterase ( ChE ) -based dipstick-type assay for the class-specific detection of organophosphate ( OP ) and carbamate ( CM ) pesticides was developed .
The principle of the assay is based on inhibition of the activity of a ChE by these two families of pesticides , which is dependent on the concentration of pesticides .
The proposed assay system is composed of a test strip with an acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) -coated membrane and an enzyme substrate solution .
The assay protocol involves incubation of the enzyme-coated strip in the pesticide-containing sample solution followed by incubation of the sample-treated strip in a chromogenic enzyme substrate solution .
The color intensity is estimated by the naked eye or a reflectometer .
Of the membranes tested as the enzyme support , Hybond N+ was the most suitable .
Among the compounds tested as the enzyme substrate , indophenyl acetate was the best The detectable concentration range of the dipstick assay for the OP and CM pesticides was 10 ( -6 ) -10 ( 2 ) and 10 ( -6 ) -10 ( 0 ) microg mL ( -1 ) , respectively .
The sensitivity of the dipstick assay to the oxidized form of parathion ( paraoxon ) was higher than to parathion .
The strip showed a large matrix effect with pesticide-spiked lettuce samples , whereas it showed a small matrix effect with pesticide-spiked rice samples .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: A cholinesterase ( ChE ) -based dipstick-type assay for the class-specific detection of organophosphate ( OP ) and carbamate ( CM ) pesticides was developed . The principle of the assay is based on inhibition of the activity of a ChE by these two families of pesticides , which is dependent on the concentration of pesticides . The proposed assay system is composed of a test strip with an acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) -coated membrane and an enzyme substrate solution . The assay protocol involves incubation of the enzyme-coated strip in the pesticide-containing sample solution followed by incubation of the sample-treated strip in a chromogenic enzyme substrate solution . The color intensity is estimated by the naked eye or a reflectometer . Of the membranes tested as the enzyme support , Hybond N+ was the most suitable . Among the compounds tested as the enzyme substrate , indophenyl acetate was the best The detectable concentration range of the dipstick assay for the OP and CM pesticides was 10 ( -6 ) -10 ( 2 ) and 10 ( -6 ) -10 ( 0 ) microg mL ( -1 ) , respectively . The sensitivity of the dipstick assay to the oxidized form of parathion ( paraoxon ) was higher than to parathion . The strip showed a large matrix effect with pesticide-spiked lettuce samples , whereas it showed a small matrix effect with pesticide-spiked rice samples .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Heritability of the somatotype components in Biscay families .
| | Author: Rebato E Jelenkovic A Salces I | | Journal: Homo Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17570368 Accession (PMID): 17570368 | | Abstract: The anthropometric somatotype is a quantitative description of body shape and composition .
Familial studies indicate the existence of a familial resemblance for this phenotype and they suggest a substantial action by genetic factors on this aggregation .
The aim of this study is to examine the degree of familial resemblance of the somatotype components and of a factor of shape , in a sample of Biscay nuclear families ( Basque Country , Spain ) .
One thousand three hundred and thirty nuclear families were analysed .
The anthropometric somatotype components [ Carter , JEL , Heath , BH , 1990 .
Somatotyping .
Development and applications .
Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , p .
503 ] were computed .
Each component was fitted for the other two through a stepwise multiple regression , and also fitted through the LMS method [ Cole , T , 1988 .
Fitting smoothed centile curves to reference data .
J Roy . Stat . Soc . 151 , 385-418 ] in order to eliminate the age , sex and generation effects .
The three raw components were introduced in a PCA from which a shape factor ( PC1 ) was extracted for each generation .
The correlations analysis was performed with the SEGPATH package [ Province , MA , Rao , DC , 1995 .
General purpose model and computer programme for combined segregation and path analysis ( SEGPATH ) : automatically creating computer from symbolic language model specifications .
Genet . Epidemiol . 12 , 203-219 ] .
A general model of transmission and nine reduced models were tested .
Maximal heritability was estimated with the formula of [ Rice , T , Warwick , DE , Gagnon , J , Bouchard , C , Leon , AS , Skinner , JS , Wilmore , JH , Rao , DC , 1997 .
Familial resemblance for body composition measures : the HERITAGE family study .
Obes . Res . 5 , 557-562 ] .
The correlations were higher between offspring than in parents and offspring and a significant resemblance between mating partners existed .
Maximum heritabilities were 55% , 52% and 46% for endomorphy , mesomorphy and ectomorphy , respectively , and 52% for PC1 .
In conclusion , the somatotype presents a moderate degree of familial aggregation .
For the somatotype components , as well as for PC1 , the degree of familial resemblance depends on age .
The sex only has a significant effect on ectomorphy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of this study is to examine the degree of familial resemblance of the somatotype components and of a factor of shape , in a sample of Biscay nuclear families ( Basque Country , Spain ) . One thousand three hundred and thirty nuclear families were analysed . The anthropometric somatotype components [ Carter , JEL , Heath , BH , 1990 . Somatotyping . Development and applications . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , p . 503 ] were computed . Each component was fitted for the other two through a stepwise multiple regression , and also fitted through the LMS method [ Cole , T , 1988 . Fitting smoothed centile curves to reference data . J Roy . Stat . Soc . 151 , 385-418 ] in order to eliminate the age , sex and generation effects . The three raw components were introduced in a PCA from which a shape factor ( PC1 ) was extracted for each generation . The correlations analysis was performed with the SEGPATH package [ Province , MA , Rao , DC , 1995 . General purpose model and computer programme for combined segregation and path analysis ( SEGPATH ) : automatically creating computer from symbolic language model specifications . Genet . Epidemiol . 12 , 203-219 ] . A general model of transmission and nine reduced models were tested . Maximal heritability was estimated with the formula of [ Rice , T , Warwick , DE , Gagnon , J , Bouchard , C , Leon , AS , Skinner , JS , Wilmore , JH , Rao , DC , 1997 . Familial resemblance for body composition measures : the HERITAGE family study . Obes . Res . 5 , 557-562 ] . The correlations were higher between offspring than in parents and offspring and a significant resemblance between mating partners existed .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genet . Epidemiol . 12 , 203-219 ] . A general model of transmission and nine reduced models were tested . Maximal heritability was estimated with the formula of [ Rice , T , Warwick , DE , Gagnon , J , Bouchard , C , Leon , AS , Skinner , JS , Wilmore , JH , Rao , DC , 1997 . Familial resemblance for body composition measures : the HERITAGE family study . Obes . Res . 5 , 557-562 ] . The correlations were higher between offspring than in parents and offspring and a significant resemblance between mating partners existed . Maximum heritabilities were 55% , 52% and 46% for endomorphy , mesomorphy and ectomorphy , respectively , and 52% for PC1 . In conclusion , the somatotype presents a moderate degree of familial aggregation . For the somatotype components , as well as for PC1 , the degree of familial resemblance depends on age . The sex only has a significant effect on ectomorphy .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats .
| | Author: Kataoka K Ogasa S Kuwahara T Bando Y Hagiwara M Arimochi H Nakanishi S Iwasaki T Ohnishi Y | | Journal: Dig Dis Sci Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17957470 Accession (PMID): 17957470 | | Abstract: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood , colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation , and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis .
The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined .
Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue .
In another experiment , 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index ( percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon ) and colitis score , which were determined by macroscopic observation .
It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa .
Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis , while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity .
These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood , colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation , and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis . The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined . Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue . In another experiment , 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index ( percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon ) and colitis score , which were determined by macroscopic observation . It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa . Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis , while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity . These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood , colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation , and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis . The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined . Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue . In another experiment , 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index ( percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon ) and colitis score , which were determined by macroscopic observation . It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa . Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis , while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity . These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Quasiparticle bands in cuprates by quantum-chemical methods : towards an ab initio description of strong electron correlations .
| | Author: Hozoi L Laad MS | | Journal: Phys Rev Lett Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18233537 Accession (PMID): 18233537 | | Abstract: Realistic electronic-structure calculations for correlated Mott insulators are notoriously difficult .
Here we present an ab initio multiconfiguration scheme that adequately describes strong correlation effects involving Cu 3d and O 2p electrons in layered cuprates .
In particular , the O 2p states giving rise to the Zhang-Rice band are explicitly considered .
Renormalization effects due to nonlocal spin interactions are also treated consistently .
We show that the dispersion of the lowest band observed in photoemission is reproduced with quantitative accuracy .
Additionally , the evolution of the Fermi surface with doping follows directly from our ab initio data .
Our results thus open a new avenue for the first-principles investigation of the electronic structure of correlated Mott insulators .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Realistic electronic-structure calculations for correlated Mott insulators are notoriously difficult . Here we present an ab initio multiconfiguration scheme that adequately describes strong correlation effects involving Cu 3d and O 2p electrons in layered cuprates . In particular , the O 2p states giving rise to the Zhang-Rice band are explicitly considered . Renormalization effects due to nonlocal spin interactions are also treated consistently . We show that the dispersion of the lowest band observed in photoemission is reproduced with quantitative accuracy . Additionally , the evolution of the Fermi surface with doping follows directly from our ab initio data . Our results thus open a new avenue for the first-principles investigation of the electronic structure of correlated Mott insulators .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Realistic electronic-structure calculations for correlated Mott insulators are notoriously difficult . Here we present an ab initio multiconfiguration scheme that adequately describes strong correlation effects involving Cu 3d and O 2p electrons in layered cuprates . In particular , the O 2p states giving rise to the Zhang-Rice band are explicitly considered . Renormalization effects due to nonlocal spin interactions are also treated consistently . We show that the dispersion of the lowest band observed in photoemission is reproduced with quantitative accuracy . Additionally , the evolution of the Fermi surface with doping follows directly from our ab initio data . Our results thus open a new avenue for the first-principles investigation of the electronic structure of correlated Mott insulators .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Identification and fine mapping of S-d , a new locus conferring the partial pollen sterility of intersubspecific F1 hybrids in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Li W Zeng R Zhang Z Ding X Zhang G | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18274725 Accession (PMID): 18274725 | | Abstract: The partial pollen abortion of hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of Asian cultivated rice is one of the major barriers in utilizing intersubspecific heterosis in hybrid rice breeding .
Although a single hybrid pollen sterility locus may have little impact on spikelet fertility , the cumulative effect of several loci usually leads to a serious decrease in spikelet fertility .
Isolating of the genes conferring hybrid pollen sterility is necessary to understand this phenomenon and to overcome the resulting genetic barrier .
In this study , a new locus for F1 pollen sterility , S-d , was identified on the short arm of chromosome 1 by analyzing the genetic effect of substituted segments of the near-isogenic line E11-5 derived from the japonica variety Taichung 65 ( recurrent parent ) and the indica variety Dee-geo-woo-gen ( donor parent ) .
The S-d locus was first mapped to a 0 . 8 cM interval between SSR markers PSM46 and PSM80 using a F2 population of 125 individuals .
The flanking markers were then used to identify recombinants from a population of 2 , 160 plants derived from heterozygotes of the primary F2 population .
Simultaneously , additional markers were developed from genomic sequence divergence in this region .
Analysis of the recombinants in the region resulted in the successful mapping of the S-d locus to a 67-kb fragment , containing 17 predicted genes .
Positional cloning of this gene will contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis for partial pollen sterility of intersubspecific F1 hybrids in rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The partial pollen abortion of hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of Asian cultivated rice is one of the major barriers in utilizing intersubspecific heterosis in hybrid rice breeding . Although a single hybrid pollen sterility locus may have little impact on spikelet fertility , the cumulative effect of several loci usually leads to a serious decrease in spikelet fertility . Isolating of the genes conferring hybrid pollen sterility is necessary to understand this phenomenon and to overcome the resulting genetic barrier . In this study , a new locus for F1 pollen sterility , S-d , was identified on the short arm of chromosome 1 by analyzing the genetic effect of substituted segments of the near-isogenic line E11-5 derived from the japonica variety Taichung 65 ( recurrent parent ) and the indica variety Dee-geo-woo-gen ( donor parent ) . The S-d locus was first mapped to a 0 . 8 cM interval between SSR markers PSM46 and PSM80 using a F2 population of 125 individuals . The flanking markers were then used to identify recombinants from a population of 2 , 160 plants derived from heterozygotes of the primary F2 population . Simultaneously , additional markers were developed from genomic sequence divergence in this region . Analysis of the recombinants in the region resulted in the successful mapping of the S-d locus to a 67-kb fragment , containing 17 predicted genes . Positional cloning of this gene will contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis for partial pollen sterility of intersubspecific F1 hybrids in rice .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The partial pollen abortion of hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of Asian cultivated rice is one of the major barriers in utilizing intersubspecific heterosis in hybrid rice breeding . Although a single hybrid pollen sterility locus may have little impact on spikelet fertility , the cumulative effect of several loci usually leads to a serious decrease in spikelet fertility . Isolating of the genes conferring hybrid pollen sterility is necessary to understand this phenomenon and to overcome the resulting genetic barrier . In this study , a new locus for F1 pollen sterility , S-d , was identified on the short arm of chromosome 1 by analyzing the genetic effect of substituted segments of the near-isogenic line E11-5 derived from the japonica variety Taichung 65 ( recurrent parent ) and the indica variety Dee-geo-woo-gen ( donor parent ) . The S-d locus was first mapped to a 0 . 8 cM interval between SSR markers PSM46 and PSM80 using a F2 population of 125 individuals . The flanking markers were then used to identify recombinants from a population of 2 , 160 plants derived from heterozygotes of the primary F2 population . Simultaneously , additional markers were developed from genomic sequence divergence in this region . Analysis of the recombinants in the region resulted in the successful mapping of the S-d locus to a 67-kb fragment , containing 17 predicted genes . Positional cloning of this gene will contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis for partial pollen sterility of intersubspecific F1 hybrids in rice .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Microstructure and depletion forces in polymer-colloid mixtures from an interfacial statistical associating fluid theory .
| | Author: Bymaster A Jain S Chapman WG | | Journal: J Chem Phys Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18447503 Accession (PMID): 18447503 | | Abstract: By using a classical density functional theory ( interfacial statistical associating fluid theory ) , we investigate the structure and effective forces in nonadsorbing polymer-colloid mixtures .
The theory is tested under a wide range of conditions and performs very well in comparison to simulation data .
A comprehensive study is conducted characterizing the role of polymer concentration , particle/polymer-segment size ratio , and polymer chain length on the structure , polymer induced depletion forces , and the colloid-colloid osmotic second virial coefficient .
The theory correctly captures a depletion layer on two different length scales , one on the order of the segment diameter ( semidilute regime ) and the other on the order of the polymer radius of gyration ( dilute regime ) .
The particle/polymer-segment size ratio is demonstrated to play a significant role on the polymer structure near the particle surface at low polymer concentrations , but this effect diminishes at higher polymer concentrations .
Results for the polymer-mediated mean force between colloidal particles show that increasing the concentration of the polymer solution encourages particle-particle attraction , while decreasing the range of depletion attraction .
At intermediate to high concentrations , depletion attraction can be coupled to a midrange repulsion , especially for colloids in solutions of short chains .
Colloid-colloid second virial coefficient calculations indicate that the net repulsion between colloids at low polymer densities gives way to net attraction at higher densities , in agreement with available simulation data .
Furthermore , the results indicate a higher tendency toward colloidal aggregation for larger colloids in solutions of longer chains .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: By using a classical density functional theory ( interfacial statistical associating fluid theory ) , we investigate the structure and effective forces in nonadsorbing polymer-colloid mixtures . The theory is tested under a wide range of conditions and performs very well in comparison to simulation data . A comprehensive study is conducted characterizing the role of polymer concentration , particle/polymer-segment size ratio , and polymer chain length on the structure , polymer induced depletion forces , and the colloid-colloid osmotic second virial coefficient . The theory correctly captures a depletion layer on two different length scales , one on the order of the segment diameter ( semidilute regime ) and the other on the order of the polymer radius of gyration ( dilute regime ) . The particle/polymer-segment size ratio is demonstrated to play a significant role on the polymer structure near the particle surface at low polymer concentrations , but this effect diminishes at higher polymer concentrations . Results for the polymer-mediated mean force between colloidal particles show that increasing the concentration of the polymer solution encourages particle-particle attraction , while decreasing the range of depletion attraction . At intermediate to high concentrations , depletion attraction can be coupled to a midrange repulsion , especially for colloids in solutions of short chains . Colloid-colloid second virial coefficient calculations indicate that the net repulsion between colloids at low polymer densities gives way to net attraction at higher densities , in agreement with available simulation data . Furthermore , the results indicate a higher tendency toward colloidal aggregation for larger colloids in solutions of longer chains .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: By using a classical density functional theory ( interfacial statistical associating fluid theory ) , we investigate the structure and effective forces in nonadsorbing polymer-colloid mixtures . The theory is tested under a wide range of conditions and performs very well in comparison to simulation data . A comprehensive study is conducted characterizing the role of polymer concentration , particle/polymer-segment size ratio , and polymer chain length on the structure , polymer induced depletion forces , and the colloid-colloid osmotic second virial coefficient . The theory correctly captures a depletion layer on two different length scales , one on the order of the segment diameter ( semidilute regime ) and the other on the order of the polymer radius of gyration ( dilute regime ) . The particle/polymer-segment size ratio is demonstrated to play a significant role on the polymer structure near the particle surface at low polymer concentrations , but this effect diminishes at higher polymer concentrations . Results for the polymer-mediated mean force between colloidal particles show that increasing the concentration of the polymer solution encourages particle-particle attraction , while decreasing the range of depletion attraction . At intermediate to high concentrations , depletion attraction can be coupled to a midrange repulsion , especially for colloids in solutions of short chains . Colloid-colloid second virial coefficient calculations indicate that the net repulsion between colloids at low polymer densities gives way to net attraction at higher densities , in agreement with available simulation data . Furthermore , the results indicate a higher tendency toward colloidal aggregation for larger colloids in solutions of longer chains .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Enhancing a primary care environment : a case study of effects on patients and staff in a single general practice .
| | Author: Rice G Ingram J Mizan J | | Journal: Br J Gen Pract Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18611307 Accession (PMID): 18611307 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Few studies have examined the effect on patients and staff of the physical environment in primary care facilities .
AIM : To explore changes in patient and staff satisfaction , patient anxiety , and patient-doctor communication when a GP surgery moves from old premises to enhanced purpose-built accommodation .
DESIGN OF STUDY : Questionnaire surveys , interviews , and focus groups pre and post move .
SETTING : An urban general practice in Bristol .
METHOD : Patient questionnaires assessed anxiety ( Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI ) , satisfaction with the environment , and communication during the consultation .
Staff questionnaires assessed satisfaction with the environment and job satisfaction .
Qualitative methods explored patient and staff views in more depth .
RESULTS : A total of 1118 pre-move and 954 post-move patient questionnaires showed significant increases in satisfaction scores for reception/waiting areas ( mean 6 . 46 , 95% confidence interval [ CI ] =5 . 97 to 6 . 95 ) and consulting rooms ( mean 3 . 80 , 95% CI=3 . 44 to 4 . 15 ) in the new premises .
Patients satisfaction with patient-doctor communication also increased ( mean 0 . 88 , 95% CI=0 . 30 to 1 . 46 ) and anxiety scores were significantly reduced before and after the consultation in the new premises compared with the old ( STAI mean difference before consultation 0 . 72 , 95% CI=0 . 37 to 1 . 08 ; mean after consultation 0 . 37 , 95% CI=0 . 03 to 0 . 72 ) .
Patients highlighted the increased space and light , more modern appearance , greater comfort , and novel works of art in the new surgery .
Staff workplace satisfaction increased significantly after moving and remained higher than in the old building .
CONCLUSION : This large-scale study examining the effects of a UK primary care environment on patients and staff shows that an enhanced environment is associated with improvements in patients perception of patient-doctor communication , reduction in anxiety , and increases in patient and staff satisfaction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Few studies have examined the effect on patients and staff of the physical environment in primary care facilities . AIM : To explore changes in patient and staff satisfaction , patient anxiety , and patient-doctor communication when a GP surgery moves from old premises to enhanced purpose-built accommodation . DESIGN OF STUDY : Questionnaire surveys , interviews , and focus groups pre and post move . SETTING : An urban general practice in Bristol . METHOD : Patient questionnaires assessed anxiety ( Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI ) , satisfaction with the environment , and communication during the consultation . Staff questionnaires assessed satisfaction with the environment and job satisfaction . Qualitative methods explored patient and staff views in more depth . RESULTS : A total of 1118 pre-move and 954 post-move patient questionnaires showed significant increases in satisfaction scores for reception/waiting areas ( mean 6 . 46 , 95% confidence interval [ CI ] =5 . 97 to 6 . 95 ) and consulting rooms ( mean 3 . 80 , 95% CI=3 . 44 to 4 . 15 ) in the new premises . Patients satisfaction with patient-doctor communication also increased ( mean 0 . 88 , 95% CI=0 . 30 to 1 . 46 ) and anxiety scores were significantly reduced before and after the consultation in the new premises compared with the old ( STAI mean difference before consultation 0 . 72 , 95% CI=0 . 37 to 1 . 08 ; mean after consultation 0 . 37 , 95% CI=0 . 03 to 0 . 72 ) . Patients highlighted the increased space and light , more modern appearance , greater comfort , and novel works of art in the new surgery .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESIGN OF STUDY : Questionnaire surveys , interviews , and focus groups pre and post move . SETTING : An urban general practice in Bristol . METHOD : Patient questionnaires assessed anxiety ( Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI ) , satisfaction with the environment , and communication during the consultation . Staff questionnaires assessed satisfaction with the environment and job satisfaction . Qualitative methods explored patient and staff views in more depth . RESULTS : A total of 1118 pre-move and 954 post-move patient questionnaires showed significant increases in satisfaction scores for reception/waiting areas ( mean 6 . 46 , 95% confidence interval [ CI ] =5 . 97 to 6 . 95 ) and consulting rooms ( mean 3 . 80 , 95% CI=3 . 44 to 4 . 15 ) in the new premises . Patients satisfaction with patient-doctor communication also increased ( mean 0 . 88 , 95% CI=0 . 30 to 1 . 46 ) and anxiety scores were significantly reduced before and after the consultation in the new premises compared with the old ( STAI mean difference before consultation 0 . 72 , 95% CI=0 . 37 to 1 . 08 ; mean after consultation 0 . 37 , 95% CI=0 . 03 to 0 . 72 ) . Patients highlighted the increased space and light , more modern appearance , greater comfort , and novel works of art in the new surgery . Staff workplace satisfaction increased significantly after moving and remained higher than in the old building . CONCLUSION : This large-scale study examining the effects of a UK primary care environment on patients and staff shows that an enhanced environment is associated with improvements in patients perception of patient-doctor communication , reduction in anxiety , and increases in patient and staff satisfaction .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ The effect of parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats ] | | Author: Helbig E Dias AR Tavares RA Schirmer MA Elias MC | | Journal: Arch Latinoam Nutr Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18833992 Accession (PMID): 18833992 | | Abstract: Starch is an important energy source and can represent more than 60% of the calories of the human diet .
The starch fraction resistant to enzymatic digestion is called resistant starch .
When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic .
In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats .
The samples with high and medium amylose contents were soaked for 6 h at 65 degrees C , and the low amylose sample for 7 h at 70 degrees C The samples were subsequently autoclaved for 10 minutes at 0 . 7kgf x cm ( -2 ) .
Six male Wistar rats were used for each treatment .
Seven experimental diets were elaborated , formulated according to AIN-93M , the control diet and diets substituting the carbohydrate source with conventional or parboiled rice .
Resistant starch was determined in the diets and glycemia monitored using glucose paper strips , the sample being blood obtained from the distal part of the rats tail .
For the glycemic curve , glycemia was measured in the fasting state and during 90 minutes post-prandial The results indicated there were no significant differences between the diets formulated with high , medium and low amylose , parboiled or conventionally prepared , with respect to fasting or post-prandial glycemia in Wistar rats .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Starch is an important energy source and can represent more than 60% of the calories of the human diet . The starch fraction resistant to enzymatic digestion is called resistant starch . When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic . In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats . The samples with high and medium amylose contents were soaked for 6 h at 65 degrees C , and the low amylose sample for 7 h at 70 degrees C The samples were subsequently autoclaved for 10 minutes at 0 . 7kgf x cm ( -2 ) . Six male Wistar rats were used for each treatment . Seven experimental diets were elaborated , formulated according to AIN-93M , the control diet and diets substituting the carbohydrate source with conventional or parboiled rice . Resistant starch was determined in the diets and glycemia monitored using glucose paper strips , the sample being blood obtained from the distal part of the rats tail . For the glycemic curve , glycemia was measured in the fasting state and during 90 minutes post-prandial The results indicated there were no significant differences between the diets formulated with high , medium and low amylose , parboiled or conventionally prepared , with respect to fasting or post-prandial glycemia in Wistar rats .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Starch is an important energy source and can represent more than 60% of the calories of the human diet . The starch fraction resistant to enzymatic digestion is called resistant starch . When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic . In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats . The samples with high and medium amylose contents were soaked for 6 h at 65 degrees C , and the low amylose sample for 7 h at 70 degrees C The samples were subsequently autoclaved for 10 minutes at 0 . 7kgf x cm ( -2 ) . Six male Wistar rats were used for each treatment . Seven experimental diets were elaborated , formulated according to AIN-93M , the control diet and diets substituting the carbohydrate source with conventional or parboiled rice . Resistant starch was determined in the diets and glycemia monitored using glucose paper strips , the sample being blood obtained from the distal part of the rats tail . For the glycemic curve , glycemia was measured in the fasting state and during 90 minutes post-prandial The results indicated there were no significant differences between the diets formulated with high , medium and low amylose , parboiled or conventionally prepared , with respect to fasting or post-prandial glycemia in Wistar rats .
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| Title: Multiple adhesin-like functions of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae are involved in promoting leaf attachment , entry , and virulence on rice .
| | Author: Das A Rangaraj N Sonti RV | | Journal: Mol Plant Microbe Interact Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19061404 Accession (PMID): 19061404 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice .
We have used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged X oryzae pv . oryzae cells in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor the role of several adhesin-like functions in bacterial adhesion to leaf surface and early stages of leaf entry .
Mutations in genes encoding either the Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein A ( XadA ) or its paralog , Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein B ( XadB ) , as well as the X oryzae pv . oryzae homolog of Yersinia autotransporter-like protein H ( YapH ) , exhibit deficiencies in leaf attachment or entry .
A mutation in the X oryzae pv . oryzae pilQ gene , which is predicted to encode the type IV pilus secretin , appears to have no effect on leaf attachment or entry .
The xadA mutant is deficient in the ability to cause disease following surface inoculation while the XadB , YapH , and PilQ functions are less important than XadA for this process .
The xadA and xadB mutants have no effect on virulence following wound inoculation whereas the yapH and pilQ mutants are always virulence deficient following wound inoculation .
Overall , these results indicate that multiple adhesin-like functions are involved in promoting virulence of X oryzae pv . oryzae , with preferential involvement of individual functions at different stages of the disease process .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice . We have used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged X oryzae pv . oryzae cells in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor the role of several adhesin-like functions in bacterial adhesion to leaf surface and early stages of leaf entry . Mutations in genes encoding either the Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein A ( XadA ) or its paralog , Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein B ( XadB ) , as well as the X oryzae pv . oryzae homolog of Yersinia autotransporter-like protein H ( YapH ) , exhibit deficiencies in leaf attachment or entry . A mutation in the X oryzae pv . oryzae pilQ gene , which is predicted to encode the type IV pilus secretin , appears to have no effect on leaf attachment or entry . The xadA mutant is deficient in the ability to cause disease following surface inoculation while the XadB , YapH , and PilQ functions are less important than XadA for this process . The xadA and xadB mutants have no effect on virulence following wound inoculation whereas the yapH and pilQ mutants are always virulence deficient following wound inoculation . Overall , these results indicate that multiple adhesin-like functions are involved in promoting virulence of X oryzae pv . oryzae , with preferential involvement of individual functions at different stages of the disease process .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice . We have used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged X oryzae pv . oryzae cells in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor the role of several adhesin-like functions in bacterial adhesion to leaf surface and early stages of leaf entry . Mutations in genes encoding either the Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein A ( XadA ) or its paralog , Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein B ( XadB ) , as well as the X oryzae pv . oryzae homolog of Yersinia autotransporter-like protein H ( YapH ) , exhibit deficiencies in leaf attachment or entry . A mutation in the X oryzae pv . oryzae pilQ gene , which is predicted to encode the type IV pilus secretin , appears to have no effect on leaf attachment or entry . The xadA mutant is deficient in the ability to cause disease following surface inoculation while the XadB , YapH , and PilQ functions are less important than XadA for this process . The xadA and xadB mutants have no effect on virulence following wound inoculation whereas the yapH and pilQ mutants are always virulence deficient following wound inoculation . Overall , these results indicate that multiple adhesin-like functions are involved in promoting virulence of X oryzae pv . oryzae , with preferential involvement of individual functions at different stages of the disease process .
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| Title: Interventions to lower the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods with a low-viscosity fiber ( resistant maltodextrin ) : meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials .
| | Author: Livesey G Tagami H | | Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19126874 Accession (PMID): 19126874 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The glycemic response to diet has been linked with noncommunicable diseases and is reduced by low-palatable , viscous , soluble fiber ( 1 ) .
Whether a palatable , low-viscous , soluble fiber such as resistant maltodextrin ( RMD ) has the same effect is unclear .
OBJECTIVE : The objective was to assess evidence on the attenuation of the blood glucose response to foods by < or = 10 g RMD in healthy adults .
DESIGN : We conducted a systematic review of randomized , placebo-controlled trials with the use of fixed and random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression models .
RESULTS : We found data from 37 relevant trials to April 2007 .
These trials investigated the attenuation of the glycemic response to rice , noodles , pastry , bread , and refined carbohydrates that included 30-173 g available carbohydrate .
RMD was administered in drinks or liquid foods or solid foods .
Placebo drinks and foods excluded RMD .
Percentage attenuation was significant , dose-dependent , and independent of the amount of available carbohydrate coingested .
Attenuation of the glycemic response to starchy foods by 6 g RMD in drinks approached approximately 20% , but when placed directly into foods was approximately 10% -- significant ( P < 0 . 001 ) by both modes of administration .
Study quality analyses , funnel plots , and trim-and-fill analyses uncovered no cause of significant systematic bias .
Studies from authors affiliated with organizations for-profit were symmetrical without heterogeneity , whereas marginal asymmetry and significant heterogeneity arose among studies involving authors from nonprofit organizations because of some imprecise studies .
CONCLUSIONS : A nonviscous palatable soluble polysaccharide can attenuate the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods .
Evidence of an effect was stronger for RMD in drinks than in foods .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : The glycemic response to diet has been linked with noncommunicable diseases and is reduced by low-palatable , viscous , soluble fiber ( 1 ) . Whether a palatable , low-viscous , soluble fiber such as resistant maltodextrin ( RMD ) has the same effect is unclear . OBJECTIVE : The objective was to assess evidence on the attenuation of the blood glucose response to foods by < or = 10 g RMD in healthy adults . DESIGN : We conducted a systematic review of randomized , placebo-controlled trials with the use of fixed and random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression models . RESULTS : We found data from 37 relevant trials to April 2007 . These trials investigated the attenuation of the glycemic response to rice , noodles , pastry , bread , and refined carbohydrates that included 30-173 g available carbohydrate . RMD was administered in drinks or liquid foods or solid foods . Placebo drinks and foods excluded RMD . Percentage attenuation was significant , dose-dependent , and independent of the amount of available carbohydrate coingested . Attenuation of the glycemic response to starchy foods by 6 g RMD in drinks approached approximately 20% , but when placed directly into foods was approximately 10% -- significant ( P < 0 . 001 ) by both modes of administration . Study quality analyses , funnel plots , and trim-and-fill analyses uncovered no cause of significant systematic bias .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : We found data from 37 relevant trials to April 2007 . These trials investigated the attenuation of the glycemic response to rice , noodles , pastry , bread , and refined carbohydrates that included 30-173 g available carbohydrate . RMD was administered in drinks or liquid foods or solid foods . Placebo drinks and foods excluded RMD . Percentage attenuation was significant , dose-dependent , and independent of the amount of available carbohydrate coingested . Attenuation of the glycemic response to starchy foods by 6 g RMD in drinks approached approximately 20% , but when placed directly into foods was approximately 10% -- significant ( P < 0 . 001 ) by both modes of administration . Study quality analyses , funnel plots , and trim-and-fill analyses uncovered no cause of significant systematic bias . Studies from authors affiliated with organizations for-profit were symmetrical without heterogeneity , whereas marginal asymmetry and significant heterogeneity arose among studies involving authors from nonprofit organizations because of some imprecise studies . CONCLUSIONS : A nonviscous palatable soluble polysaccharide can attenuate the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods . Evidence of an effect was stronger for RMD in drinks than in foods .
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| Title: [ Synthesized leukotoxin : its biological activity and establishment of radioimmunoassay ] | | Author: Akabane H | | Journal: Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi Year: 1991 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1916629 Accession (PMID): 1916629 | | Abstract: Leukotoxin , 9 : 10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid , was reported to exist in human burned skin and neutrophils , and to have toxic effects in experimental animals and antifungal effects against rice blast disease .
Leukotoxin was regarded as a toxic and/or defensive substance in living beings .
The author synthesized leukotoxin from linoleic acid with peracetic acid and purified practically by thin layer chromatography .
The leukotoxin synthesized was injected into guinea pigs intravenously and caused a systemic convulsion of the animal body and cardiac arrest The leukotoxin synthesized , on the other hand , was conjugated with bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) by means of the mixed anhydride technique and immunized in rabbits .
After immunization of leukotoxin conjugated with BSA over 4 months , the author succeeded in producing anti-leukotoxin antiserum for the first time .
According to a titration test of antiserum , sixty-folds diluted antiserum was found to bind approximately 50% of methylated leukotoxin labeled with carbon 14 .
And unlabeled leukotoxin was detected at least 5 ng in this radioimmunoassay by use of polyethylene glycol precipitation .
This antiserum had a strong specificity to leukotoxin and no cross-reactivity to the other analogs tested .
The role of leukotoxin in living creatures had not been clarified yet .
Therefore both the leukotoxin synthesized by this simple procedure and the anti-leukotoxin antibodies would aid the study of the mechanism of its biological activities and its histochemical investigations .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Leukotoxin , 9 : 10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid , was reported to exist in human burned skin and neutrophils , and to have toxic effects in experimental animals and antifungal effects against rice blast disease . Leukotoxin was regarded as a toxic and/or defensive substance in living beings . The author synthesized leukotoxin from linoleic acid with peracetic acid and purified practically by thin layer chromatography . The leukotoxin synthesized was injected into guinea pigs intravenously and caused a systemic convulsion of the animal body and cardiac arrest The leukotoxin synthesized , on the other hand , was conjugated with bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) by means of the mixed anhydride technique and immunized in rabbits . After immunization of leukotoxin conjugated with BSA over 4 months , the author succeeded in producing anti-leukotoxin antiserum for the first time . According to a titration test of antiserum , sixty-folds diluted antiserum was found to bind approximately 50% of methylated leukotoxin labeled with carbon 14 . And unlabeled leukotoxin was detected at least 5 ng in this radioimmunoassay by use of polyethylene glycol precipitation . This antiserum had a strong specificity to leukotoxin and no cross-reactivity to the other analogs tested . The role of leukotoxin in living creatures had not been clarified yet . Therefore both the leukotoxin synthesized by this simple procedure and the anti-leukotoxin antibodies would aid the study of the mechanism of its biological activities and its histochemical investigations .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage it issue engineering : from chondrocytes to it issue regeneration .
| | Author: Elder BD Athanasiou KA | | Journal: Tissue Eng Part B Rev Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19196119 Accession (PMID): 19196119 | | Abstract: Cartilage has a poor intrinsic healing response , and neither the innate healing response nor current clinical treatments can restore its function .
Therefore , articular cartilage it issue engineering is a promising approach for the regeneration of damaged it issue .
Because cartilage is exposed to mechanical forces during joint loading , many it issue engineering strategies use exogenous stimuli to enhance the biochemical or biomechanical properties of the engineered it issue .
Hydrostatic pressure ( HP ) is emerging as arguably one of the most important mechanical stimuli for cartilage , although no optimal treatment has been established across all culture systems .
Therefore , this review evaluates prior studies on articular cartilage involving the use of HP , with a particular emphasis on the treatments that appear promising for use in future studies .
Additionally , this review addresses HP bioreactor design , chondroprotective effects of HP , the use of HP for chondrogenic differentiation , the effects of high pressures , and HP mechanotransduction .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Cartilage has a poor intrinsic healing response , and neither the innate healing response nor current clinical treatments can restore its function . Therefore , articular cartilage it issue engineering is a promising approach for the regeneration of damaged it issue . Because cartilage is exposed to mechanical forces during joint loading , many it issue engineering strategies use exogenous stimuli to enhance the biochemical or biomechanical properties of the engineered it issue . Hydrostatic pressure ( HP ) is emerging as arguably one of the most important mechanical stimuli for cartilage , although no optimal treatment has been established across all culture systems . Therefore , this review evaluates prior studies on articular cartilage involving the use of HP , with a particular emphasis on the treatments that appear promising for use in future studies . Additionally , this review addresses HP bioreactor design , chondroprotective effects of HP , the use of HP for chondrogenic differentiation , the effects of high pressures , and HP mechanotransduction .
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| Title: Roles of genes 38 , 39 , and 40 in shutoff of host biosyntheses during infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPO1 .
| | Author: Stewart CR Yip TK Myles B Laughlin L | | Journal: Virology Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19665746 Accession (PMID): 19665746 | | Abstract: A nonsense mutation in SPO1 gene 40 prevented normal shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis , showing that gp40 is required for the normal occurrence of both shutoffs .
A gene 39 nonsense mutation caused accelerated shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis ( aided by a gene 38 nonsense mutation ) , showing that gp39 ( aided by gp38 ) limits the rate at which both shutoffs occur .
The 40 ( - ) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39 ( - ) and 38 ( - ) mutations , showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs .
To the best of our knowledge , proteins with the particular activities implied for gp39 and gp40 have not been identified in any other bacteriophage .
SPO1 has at least three different mechanisms that have the effect of delaying the shutoff of host DNA and RNA synthesis .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A nonsense mutation in SPO1 gene 40 prevented normal shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis , showing that gp40 is required for the normal occurrence of both shutoffs . A gene 39 nonsense mutation caused accelerated shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis ( aided by a gene 38 nonsense mutation ) , showing that gp39 ( aided by gp38 ) limits the rate at which both shutoffs occur . The 40 ( - ) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39 ( - ) and 38 ( - ) mutations , showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs . To the best of our knowledge , proteins with the particular activities implied for gp39 and gp40 have not been identified in any other bacteriophage . SPO1 has at least three different mechanisms that have the effect of delaying the shutoff of host DNA and RNA synthesis .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A nonsense mutation in SPO1 gene 40 prevented normal shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis , showing that gp40 is required for the normal occurrence of both shutoffs . A gene 39 nonsense mutation caused accelerated shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis ( aided by a gene 38 nonsense mutation ) , showing that gp39 ( aided by gp38 ) limits the rate at which both shutoffs occur . The 40 ( - ) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39 ( - ) and 38 ( - ) mutations , showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs . To the best of our knowledge , proteins with the particular activities implied for gp39 and gp40 have not been identified in any other bacteriophage . SPO1 has at least three different mechanisms that have the effect of delaying the shutoff of host DNA and RNA synthesis .
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| Title: Effects of cadmium on forearm bone density after reduction of exposure for 10 years in a Chinese population .
| | Author: Chen X Zhu G Jin T Gu S | | Journal: Environ Int Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19716176 Accession (PMID): 19716176 | | Abstract: The main focus of this study was to evaluate long term effects of cadmium on forearm bone mineral density after stopping ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice for 10 years in a Chinese population .
A total of 532 persons ( 338 women and 194 men ) , living in control , moderately and heavily polluted areas , were included in this study .
The residents living in the polluted area ceased ingesting cadmium-polluted rice in 1996 .
All participants were require to answer a questionnaire and the bone mineral density ( BMD ) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) at the proximal radius and ulna .
Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of cadmium in urine ( UCd ) and blood ( BCd ) . The BMD of subjects living in the heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that of those living in control area in both men and women ( p<0 . 01 ) .
For the people living in the moderately polluted area , only the womens BMD was greatly lower compared to that in the control area ( p<0 . 05 ) .
The BMD declined with the increasing BCd and UCd in both sexes , especially in the highest level ( BCd >5 microg/L , UCd >10 microg/g crea ) groups ( p<0 . 01 ) .
It was found that there were significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the different areas ( chi ( 2 ) =13 . 046 , p=0 . 0003 ) and different UCd groups ( chi ( 2 ) =4 . 511 , p=0 . 0337 ) in women , but not in men ( chi ( 2 ) =0 . 962 , p=0 . 3268 ; chi ( 2 ) =1 . 906 , p=0 . 1675 ) .
But a significant difference exists in the prevalence of osteoporosis among different BCd groups in both genders ( chi ( 2 ) =9 . 304 , p=0 . 00229 , in women ; chi ( 2 ) =4603 , p=0 . 0319 , in men ) .
This study suggested that cadmium could play a long-term role on bone and more attention should be paid to cadmium effects on bone metabolism after reduction of exposure .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The main focus of this study was to evaluate long term effects of cadmium on forearm bone mineral density after stopping ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice for 10 years in a Chinese population . A total of 532 persons ( 338 women and 194 men ) , living in control , moderately and heavily polluted areas , were included in this study . The residents living in the polluted area ceased ingesting cadmium-polluted rice in 1996 . All participants were require to answer a questionnaire and the bone mineral density ( BMD ) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) at the proximal radius and ulna . Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of cadmium in urine ( UCd ) and blood ( BCd ) . The BMD of subjects living in the heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that of those living in control area in both men and women ( p<0 . 01 ) . For the people living in the moderately polluted area , only the womens BMD was greatly lower compared to that in the control area ( p<0 . 05 ) . The BMD declined with the increasing BCd and UCd in both sexes , especially in the highest level ( BCd >5 microg/L , UCd >10 microg/g crea ) groups ( p<0 . 01 ) . It was found that there were significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the different areas ( chi ( 2 ) =13 . 046 , p=0 . 0003 ) and different UCd groups ( chi ( 2 ) =4 . 511 , p=0 . 0337 ) in women , but not in men ( chi ( 2 ) =0 . 962 , p=0 . 3268 ; chi ( 2 ) =1 . 906 , p=0 . 1675 ) . But a significant difference exists in the prevalence of osteoporosis among different BCd groups in both genders ( chi ( 2 ) =9 . 304 , p=0 . 00229 , in women ; chi ( 2 ) =4603 , p=0 . 0319 , in men ) . This study suggested that cadmium could play a long-term role on bone and more attention should be paid to cadmium effects on bone metabolism after reduction of exposure .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The main focus of this study was to evaluate long term effects of cadmium on forearm bone mineral density after stopping ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice for 10 years in a Chinese population . A total of 532 persons ( 338 women and 194 men ) , living in control , moderately and heavily polluted areas , were included in this study . The residents living in the polluted area ceased ingesting cadmium-polluted rice in 1996 . All participants were require to answer a questionnaire and the bone mineral density ( BMD ) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) at the proximal radius and ulna . Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of cadmium in urine ( UCd ) and blood ( BCd ) . The BMD of subjects living in the heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that of those living in control area in both men and women ( p<0 . 01 ) . For the people living in the moderately polluted area , only the womens BMD was greatly lower compared to that in the control area ( p<0 . 05 ) . The BMD declined with the increasing BCd and UCd in both sexes , especially in the highest level ( BCd >5 microg/L , UCd >10 microg/g crea ) groups ( p<0 . 01 ) . It was found that there were significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the different areas ( chi ( 2 ) =13 . 046 , p=0 . 0003 ) and different UCd groups ( chi ( 2 ) =4 . 511 , p=0 . 0337 ) in women , but not in men ( chi ( 2 ) =0 . 962 , p=0 . 3268 ; chi ( 2 ) =1 . 906 , p=0 . 1675 ) . But a significant difference exists in the prevalence of osteoporosis among different BCd groups in both genders ( chi ( 2 ) =9 . 304 , p=0 . 00229 , in women ; chi ( 2 ) =4603 , p=0 . 0319 , in men ) . This study suggested that cadmium could play a long-term role on bone and more attention should be paid to cadmium effects on bone metabolism after reduction of exposure .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Influence of the inclusion of cooked cereals and pea starch in diets based on soy or pea protein concentrate on nutrient digestibility and performance of young pigs .
| | Author: Parera N Lazaro RP Serrano MP Valencia DG Mateos GG | | Journal: J Anim Sci Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19820052 Accession (PMID): 19820052 | | Abstract: An experiment was conducted to compare different dietary vegetable sources of starch and protein on the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility ( CATTD ) of energy and nutrients and performance of piglets from 29 to 60 d of age .
The experiment was completely randomized with 6 treatments arranged factorially with 3 sources of starch ( cooked-flaked corn , cooked-flaked rice , and pea starch ) and 2 sources of protein [ soy protein concentrate ( SPC ) and pea protein concentrate ( PPC ) ] .
The pea starch and the PPC used were obtained by dehulling and grinding pea seeds to a mean particle size of 30 microm .
Each treatment was replicated 6 times ( 6 pigs per pen ) .
For the entire experiment , piglets fed cooked rice had greater ADG than piglets fed pea starch with piglets fed cooked corn being intermediate ( 471 , 403 , and 430 g/d , respectively ; P < 0 . 05 ) .
Protein source did not have any effect on piglet performance .
The CATTD of DM , OM , and GE were greater ( P < 0 . 05 ) for diets based on cooked rice than diets based on cooked corn with diets based on pea starch being intermediate .
Crude protein digestibility was not affected by source of starch but was greater for the diets based on SPC than for diets based on PPC ( 0 . 836 vs 0 . 821 ; P < 0 . 01 ) .
Protein source did not affect the digestibility of any of the other dietary components .
It is concluded that cooked rice is an energy source of choice in diets for young pigs .
The inclusion of PPC in the diet reduced protein digestibility but had no effects on energy digestibility or piglet performance .
Therefore , the finely ground starch and protein fractions of peas can be used in substitution of cooked corn or SPC , respectively , in diets for young pigs .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: An experiment was conducted to compare different dietary vegetable sources of starch and protein on the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility ( CATTD ) of energy and nutrients and performance of piglets from 29 to 60 d of age . The experiment was completely randomized with 6 treatments arranged factorially with 3 sources of starch ( cooked-flaked corn , cooked-flaked rice , and pea starch ) and 2 sources of protein [ soy protein concentrate ( SPC ) and pea protein concentrate ( PPC ) ] . The pea starch and the PPC used were obtained by dehulling and grinding pea seeds to a mean particle size of 30 microm . Each treatment was replicated 6 times ( 6 pigs per pen ) . For the entire experiment , piglets fed cooked rice had greater ADG than piglets fed pea starch with piglets fed cooked corn being intermediate ( 471 , 403 , and 430 g/d , respectively ; P < 0 . 05 ) . Protein source did not have any effect on piglet performance . The CATTD of DM , OM , and GE were greater ( P < 0 . 05 ) for diets based on cooked rice than diets based on cooked corn with diets based on pea starch being intermediate . Crude protein digestibility was not affected by source of starch but was greater for the diets based on SPC than for diets based on PPC ( 0 . 836 vs 0 . 821 ; P < 0 . 01 ) . Protein source did not affect the digestibility of any of the other dietary components . It is concluded that cooked rice is an energy source of choice in diets for young pigs . The inclusion of PPC in the diet reduced protein digestibility but had no effects on energy digestibility or piglet performance . Therefore , the finely ground starch and protein fractions of peas can be used in substitution of cooked corn or SPC , respectively , in diets for young pigs .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The experiment was completely randomized with 6 treatments arranged factorially with 3 sources of starch ( cooked-flaked corn , cooked-flaked rice , and pea starch ) and 2 sources of protein [ soy protein concentrate ( SPC ) and pea protein concentrate ( PPC ) ] . The pea starch and the PPC used were obtained by dehulling and grinding pea seeds to a mean particle size of 30 microm . Each treatment was replicated 6 times ( 6 pigs per pen ) . For the entire experiment , piglets fed cooked rice had greater ADG than piglets fed pea starch with piglets fed cooked corn being intermediate ( 471 , 403 , and 430 g/d , respectively ; P < 0 . 05 ) . Protein source did not have any effect on piglet performance . The CATTD of DM , OM , and GE were greater ( P < 0 . 05 ) for diets based on cooked rice than diets based on cooked corn with diets based on pea starch being intermediate . Crude protein digestibility was not affected by source of starch but was greater for the diets based on SPC than for diets based on PPC ( 0 . 836 vs 0 . 821 ; P < 0 . 01 ) . Protein source did not affect the digestibility of any of the other dietary components . It is concluded that cooked rice is an energy source of choice in diets for young pigs . The inclusion of PPC in the diet reduced protein digestibility but had no effects on energy digestibility or piglet performance . Therefore , the finely ground starch and protein fractions of peas can be used in substitution of cooked corn or SPC , respectively , in diets for young pigs .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Decolorization of Acid Red 1 by Fenton-like process using rice husk ash-based catalyst | | Author: Daud NK Hameed BH | | Journal: J Hazard Mater Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20042285 Accession (PMID): 20042285 | | Abstract: The decolorization of Acid Red 1 ( AR1 ) in aqueous solution was investigated by Fenton-like process .
The effect of different reaction parameters such as different iron ions loading on rice husk ash ( RHA ) , dosage of catalyst , initial pH , the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration ( [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) ) , the initial concentration of AR1 ( [ AR1 ] ( o ) ) and the reaction temperature on the decolorization of AR1 was studied .
The optimal reacting conditions were found to be 0 . 070 wt . % of iron ( III ) oxide loading on RHA , dosage of catalyst=5 . 0 g L ( -1 ) , initial pH=2 . 0 , [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) =8 mM , [ AR1 ] ( o ) =50 mg L ( -1 ) at temperature 30 degrees C Under optimal condition , 96% decolorization efficiency of AR1 was achieved within 120 min of reaction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The decolorization of Acid Red 1 ( AR1 ) in aqueous solution was investigated by Fenton-like process . The effect of different reaction parameters such as different iron ions loading on rice husk ash ( RHA ) , dosage of catalyst , initial pH , the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration ( [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) ) , the initial concentration of AR1 ( [ AR1 ] ( o ) ) and the reaction temperature on the decolorization of AR1 was studied . The optimal reacting conditions were found to be 0 . 070 wt . % of iron ( III ) oxide loading on RHA , dosage of catalyst=5 . 0 g L ( -1 ) , initial pH=2 . 0 , [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) =8 mM , [ AR1 ] ( o ) =50 mg L ( -1 ) at temperature 30 degrees C Under optimal condition , 96% decolorization efficiency of AR1 was achieved within 120 min of reaction .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The decolorization of Acid Red 1 ( AR1 ) in aqueous solution was investigated by Fenton-like process . The effect of different reaction parameters such as different iron ions loading on rice husk ash ( RHA ) , dosage of catalyst , initial pH , the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration ( [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) ) , the initial concentration of AR1 ( [ AR1 ] ( o ) ) and the reaction temperature on the decolorization of AR1 was studied . The optimal reacting conditions were found to be 0 . 070 wt . % of iron ( III ) oxide loading on RHA , dosage of catalyst=5 . 0 g L ( -1 ) , initial pH=2 . 0 , [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) =8 mM , [ AR1 ] ( o ) =50 mg L ( -1 ) at temperature 30 degrees C Under optimal condition , 96% decolorization efficiency of AR1 was achieved within 120 min of reaction .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Validation and use of a fast sample preparation method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in analysis of ultra-trace levels of 98 organophosphorus pesticide and carbamate residues in a total diet study involving diversified food types .
| | Author: Chung SW Chan BT | | Journal: J Chromatogr A Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20557892 Accession (PMID): 20557892 | | Abstract: This paper reports a comprehensive sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) method for detection , identification and quantitation of 73 pesticides and their related products , a total of 98 analytes , belonging to organophosphorus pesticides ( OPPs ) and carbamates , in foods .
The proposed method makes use of a modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rigged , and safe ) procedure that combines isolation of the pesticides and sample clean-up in a single step .
Analysis is performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry operated in the multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) mode , acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound .
Two main fragment ions for each pesticide were obtained to achieve the identification according to the SANCO guidelines 10684/2009 .
The method was validated with various food samples , including edible oil , meat , egg , cheese , chocolate , coffee , rice , tree nuts , citric fruits , vegetables , etc No significant matrix effect was observed for tested pesticides , therefore , matrix-matched calibration was not necessary .
Calibration curves were linear and covered from 1 to 20 microg L ( -1 ) for all compounds studied .
The average recoveries , measured at 10 microg kg ( -1 ) , were in the range 70-120% for all of the compounds tested with relative standard deviations below 20% , while a value of 10 microg kg ( -1 ) has been established as the method limit of quantitation ( MLOQ ) for all target analytes .
Similar trueness and precision results were also obtained for spiking at 200 microg kg ( -1 ) .
Expanded uncertainty values were in the range 21-27% while the HorRat ratios were below 1 .
The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 700 food samples in the course of a baseline monitoring study of OPPs and carbamates .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper reports a comprehensive sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) method for detection , identification and quantitation of 73 pesticides and their related products , a total of 98 analytes , belonging to organophosphorus pesticides ( OPPs ) and carbamates , in foods . The proposed method makes use of a modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rigged , and safe ) procedure that combines isolation of the pesticides and sample clean-up in a single step . Analysis is performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry operated in the multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) mode , acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound . Two main fragment ions for each pesticide were obtained to achieve the identification according to the SANCO guidelines 10684/2009 . The method was validated with various food samples , including edible oil , meat , egg , cheese , chocolate , coffee , rice , tree nuts , citric fruits , vegetables , etc No significant matrix effect was observed for tested pesticides , therefore , matrix-matched calibration was not necessary . Calibration curves were linear and covered from 1 to 20 microg L ( -1 ) for all compounds studied . The average recoveries , measured at 10 microg kg ( -1 ) , were in the range 70-120% for all of the compounds tested with relative standard deviations below 20% , while a value of 10 microg kg ( -1 ) has been established as the method limit of quantitation ( MLOQ ) for all target analytes . Similar trueness and precision results were also obtained for spiking at 200 microg kg ( -1 ) . Expanded uncertainty values were in the range 21-27% while the HorRat ratios were below 1 . The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 700 food samples in the course of a baseline monitoring study of OPPs and carbamates .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper reports a comprehensive sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) method for detection , identification and quantitation of 73 pesticides and their related products , a total of 98 analytes , belonging to organophosphorus pesticides ( OPPs ) and carbamates , in foods . The proposed method makes use of a modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rigged , and safe ) procedure that combines isolation of the pesticides and sample clean-up in a single step . Analysis is performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry operated in the multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) mode , acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound . Two main fragment ions for each pesticide were obtained to achieve the identification according to the SANCO guidelines 10684/2009 . The method was validated with various food samples , including edible oil , meat , egg , cheese , chocolate , coffee , rice , tree nuts , citric fruits , vegetables , etc No significant matrix effect was observed for tested pesticides , therefore , matrix-matched calibration was not necessary . Calibration curves were linear and covered from 1 to 20 microg L ( -1 ) for all compounds studied . The average recoveries , measured at 10 microg kg ( -1 ) , were in the range 70-120% for all of the compounds tested with relative standard deviations below 20% , while a value of 10 microg kg ( -1 ) has been established as the method limit of quantitation ( MLOQ ) for all target analytes . Similar trueness and precision results were also obtained for spiking at 200 microg kg ( -1 ) . Expanded uncertainty values were in the range 21-27% while the HorRat ratios were below 1 . The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 700 food samples in the course of a baseline monitoring study of OPPs and carbamates .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The interactions among DWARF10 , auxin and cytokinin underlie lateral bud outgrowth in rice .
| | Author: Zhang S Li G Fang J Chen W Jiang H Zou J Liu X Zhao X Li X Chu C Xie Q Jiang X Zhu L | | Journal: J Integr Plant Biol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20590993 Accession (PMID): 20590993 | | Abstract: Previous studies have shown that DWARF10 ( D10 ) is a rice ortholog of MAX4/RMS1/DAD1 , encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives ( SL ) biosynthesis .
Here we use D10 RNA interference ( RNAi ) transgenic plants similar to d10 mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among D10 , auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching .
Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10-RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly , showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration , but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants .
This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and D10 gene would be detected .
D10 expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation , and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application , indicating that D10 may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL .
The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of D10-RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity .
Furthermore , effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels .
Besides , in D10-RNAi plants , decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents , resulting in more tillering phenotypes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Previous studies have shown that DWARF10 ( D10 ) is a rice ortholog of MAX4/RMS1/DAD1 , encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives ( SL ) biosynthesis . Here we use D10 RNA interference ( RNAi ) transgenic plants similar to d10 mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among D10 , auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching . Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10-RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly , showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration , but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants . This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and D10 gene would be detected . D10 expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation , and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application , indicating that D10 may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL . The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of D10-RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity . Furthermore , effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels . Besides , in D10-RNAi plants , decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents , resulting in more tillering phenotypes .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Previous studies have shown that DWARF10 ( D10 ) is a rice ortholog of MAX4/RMS1/DAD1 , encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives ( SL ) biosynthesis . Here we use D10 RNA interference ( RNAi ) transgenic plants similar to d10 mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among D10 , auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching . Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10-RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly , showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration , but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants . This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and D10 gene would be detected . D10 expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation , and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application , indicating that D10 may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL . The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of D10-RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity . Furthermore , effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels . Besides , in D10-RNAi plants , decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents , resulting in more tillering phenotypes .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Selenium speciation in soil and rice : influence of water management and Se fertilization .
| | Author: Li HF Lombi E Stroud JL McGrath SP Zhao FJ | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20964343 Accession (PMID): 20964343 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is the staple food for half of the worlds population , but the selenium ( Se ) concentrations in rice grain are low in many rice-growing regions .
This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment .
A control containing no Se or 0 . 5 mg kg ( -1 ) of soil of selenite or selenate was added to the soil , and plants were grown under aerobic or flooded conditions .
Flooding soil increased soluble Se concentration when no Se or selenite was added to the soil , but decreased it markedly when selenate was added .
Selenate was the main species in the +selenate treatment , whereas selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide were detected in the flooded soil solutions of the control and +selenite treatments .
Grain Se concentration was 49% higher in the flooded than in the aerobic treatments without Se addition .
In contrast , when selenate or selenite was added , the aerobically grown rice contained 25 and 2-fold , respectively , more Se in grain than the anaerobically grown rice .
Analysis of Se in rice grain using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure ( XANES ) showed selenomethionine to be the predominant Se species .
The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is the staple food for half of the worlds population , but the selenium ( Se ) concentrations in rice grain are low in many rice-growing regions . This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment . A control containing no Se or 0 . 5 mg kg ( -1 ) of soil of selenite or selenate was added to the soil , and plants were grown under aerobic or flooded conditions . Flooding soil increased soluble Se concentration when no Se or selenite was added to the soil , but decreased it markedly when selenate was added . Selenate was the main species in the +selenate treatment , whereas selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide were detected in the flooded soil solutions of the control and +selenite treatments . Grain Se concentration was 49% higher in the flooded than in the aerobic treatments without Se addition . In contrast , when selenate or selenite was added , the aerobically grown rice contained 25 and 2-fold , respectively , more Se in grain than the anaerobically grown rice . Analysis of Se in rice grain using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure ( XANES ) showed selenomethionine to be the predominant Se species . The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is the staple food for half of the worlds population , but the selenium ( Se ) concentrations in rice grain are low in many rice-growing regions . This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment . A control containing no Se or 0 . 5 mg kg ( -1 ) of soil of selenite or selenate was added to the soil , and plants were grown under aerobic or flooded conditions . Flooding soil increased soluble Se concentration when no Se or selenite was added to the soil , but decreased it markedly when selenate was added . Selenate was the main species in the +selenate treatment , whereas selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide were detected in the flooded soil solutions of the control and +selenite treatments . Grain Se concentration was 49% higher in the flooded than in the aerobic treatments without Se addition . In contrast , when selenate or selenite was added , the aerobically grown rice contained 25 and 2-fold , respectively , more Se in grain than the anaerobically grown rice . Analysis of Se in rice grain using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure ( XANES ) showed selenomethionine to be the predominant Se species . The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Influence of biopolymer emulsifier type on formation and stability of rice bran oil-in-water emulsions : whey protein , gum arabic , and modified starch .
| | Author: Charoen R Jangchud A Jangchud K Harnsilawat T Naivikul O McClements DJ | | Journal: J Food Sci Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21535669 Accession (PMID): 21535669 | | Abstract: Rice bran oil ( RBO ) is used in foods , cosmetics , and pharmaceuticals due to its desirable health , flavor , and functional attributes .
We investigated the effects of biopolymer emulsifier type and environmental stresses on the stability of RBO emulsions .
Oil-in-water emulsions ( 5% RBO , 10 mM citrate buffer ) stabilized by whey protein isolate ( WPI ) , gum arabic ( GA ) , or modified starch ( MS ) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization .
The new MS used had a higher number of octenyl succinic anhydride ( OSA ) groups per starch molecule than conventional MS .
The droplet diameters produced by WPI and MS were considerably smaller ( d < 300 nm ) than those produced by GA ( d > 1000 nm ) .
The influence of pH ( 3 to 8 ) , ionic strength ( 0 to 500 mM NaCl ) , and thermal treatment ( 30 to 90 degrees C ) on the physical stability of the emulsions was examined .
Extensive droplet aggregation occurred in WPI-stabilized emulsions around their isoelectric point ( 4 < pH < 6 ) , at high salt ( > 200 mM , pH 7 ) , and at high temperatures ( >70 degrees C , pH 7 , 150 mM NaCl ) , which was attributed to changes in electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between droplets .
There was little effect of pH , ionic strength , and temperature on emulsions stabilized by GA or MS , which was attributed to strong steric stabilization .
In summary : WPI produced small droplets at low concentrations , but they had poor stability to environmental stress ; GA produced large droplets and needed high concentrations , but they had good stability to stress ; new MS produced small droplets at low concentrations , with good stability to stress .
Practical Application : This study showed that stable rice bran oil-in-water emulsions can be formed using biopolymer emulsifiers .
These emulsions could be used to incorporate RBO into a wide range of food products .
We compared the relative performance of whey protein , GA , and a new MS at forming and stabilizing the emulsions .
The new OSA MS was capable of forming small stable droplets at relatively low concentrations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice bran oil ( RBO ) is used in foods , cosmetics , and pharmaceuticals due to its desirable health , flavor , and functional attributes . We investigated the effects of biopolymer emulsifier type and environmental stresses on the stability of RBO emulsions . Oil-in-water emulsions ( 5% RBO , 10 mM citrate buffer ) stabilized by whey protein isolate ( WPI ) , gum arabic ( GA ) , or modified starch ( MS ) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization . The new MS used had a higher number of octenyl succinic anhydride ( OSA ) groups per starch molecule than conventional MS . The droplet diameters produced by WPI and MS were considerably smaller ( d < 300 nm ) than those produced by GA ( d > 1000 nm ) . The influence of pH ( 3 to 8 ) , ionic strength ( 0 to 500 mM NaCl ) , and thermal treatment ( 30 to 90 degrees C ) on the physical stability of the emulsions was examined . Extensive droplet aggregation occurred in WPI-stabilized emulsions around their isoelectric point ( 4 < pH < 6 ) , at high salt ( > 200 mM , pH 7 ) , and at high temperatures ( >70 degrees C , pH 7 , 150 mM NaCl ) , which was attributed to changes in electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between droplets . There was little effect of pH , ionic strength , and temperature on emulsions stabilized by GA or MS , which was attributed to strong steric stabilization . In summary : WPI produced small droplets at low concentrations , but they had poor stability to environmental stress ; GA produced large droplets and needed high concentrations , but they had good stability to stress ; new MS produced small droplets at low concentrations , with good stability to stress . Practical Application : This study showed that stable rice bran oil-in-water emulsions can be formed using biopolymer emulsifiers . These emulsions could be used to incorporate RBO into a wide range of food products .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice bran oil ( RBO ) is used in foods , cosmetics , and pharmaceuticals due to its desirable health , flavor , and functional attributes . We investigated the effects of biopolymer emulsifier type and environmental stresses on the stability of RBO emulsions . Oil-in-water emulsions ( 5% RBO , 10 mM citrate buffer ) stabilized by whey protein isolate ( WPI ) , gum arabic ( GA ) , or modified starch ( MS ) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization . The new MS used had a higher number of octenyl succinic anhydride ( OSA ) groups per starch molecule than conventional MS . The droplet diameters produced by WPI and MS were considerably smaller ( d < 300 nm ) than those produced by GA ( d > 1000 nm ) . The influence of pH ( 3 to 8 ) , ionic strength ( 0 to 500 mM NaCl ) , and thermal treatment ( 30 to 90 degrees C ) on the physical stability of the emulsions was examined . Extensive droplet aggregation occurred in WPI-stabilized emulsions around their isoelectric point ( 4 < pH < 6 ) , at high salt ( > 200 mM , pH 7 ) , and at high temperatures ( >70 degrees C , pH 7 , 150 mM NaCl ) , which was attributed to changes in electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between droplets . There was little effect of pH , ionic strength , and temperature on emulsions stabilized by GA or MS , which was attributed to strong steric stabilization . In summary : WPI produced small droplets at low concentrations , but they had poor stability to environmental stress ; GA produced large droplets and needed high concentrations , but they had good stability to stress ; new MS produced small droplets at low concentrations , with good stability to stress . Practical Application : This study showed that stable rice bran oil-in-water emulsions can be formed using biopolymer emulsifiers . These emulsions could be used to incorporate RBO into a wide range of food products . We compared the relative performance of whey protein , GA , and a new MS at forming and stabilizing the emulsions . The new OSA MS was capable of forming small stable droplets at relatively low concentrations .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Bio-oil production from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt ] .
| | Author: Ji D Cai T Ai N Yu F Jiang H Ji J | | Journal: Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21650030 Accession (PMID): 21650030 | | Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of pyrolysis conditions on bio-oil production from biomass in molten salt , experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in a self-designed reactor in which the molten salt ZnCl2-KCl ( with mole ratio 7/6 ) was selected as heat carrier , catalyst and dispersion agent .
The effects of metal salt added into ZnCl2-KCl and biomass material on biomass pyrolysis were discussed , and the main compositions of bio-oil were determined by GC-MS .
Metal salt added into molten salt could affect pyrolysis production yields remarkably .
Lanthanon salt could enhance bio-oil yield and decrease water content in bio-oil , when mole fraction of 5 . 0% LaCl3 was added , bio-oil yield could reach up to 32 . 0% , and water content of bio-oil could reduce to 61 . 5% .
The bio-oil and char yields were higher when rice straw was pyrolysed , while gas yield was higher when rice husk was used .
Metal salts showed great selectivity on compositions of bio-oil .
LiCl and FeCl2 promoted biomass to pyrolyse into smaller molecular weight compounds .
CrCl3 , CaCl2 and LaCl3 could restrain second pyrolysis of bio-oil .
The research provided a scientific reference for production of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to investigate the effects of pyrolysis conditions on bio-oil production from biomass in molten salt , experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in a self-designed reactor in which the molten salt ZnCl2-KCl ( with mole ratio 7/6 ) was selected as heat carrier , catalyst and dispersion agent . The effects of metal salt added into ZnCl2-KCl and biomass material on biomass pyrolysis were discussed , and the main compositions of bio-oil were determined by GC-MS . Metal salt added into molten salt could affect pyrolysis production yields remarkably . Lanthanon salt could enhance bio-oil yield and decrease water content in bio-oil , when mole fraction of 5 . 0% LaCl3 was added , bio-oil yield could reach up to 32 . 0% , and water content of bio-oil could reduce to 61 . 5% . The bio-oil and char yields were higher when rice straw was pyrolysed , while gas yield was higher when rice husk was used . Metal salts showed great selectivity on compositions of bio-oil . LiCl and FeCl2 promoted biomass to pyrolyse into smaller molecular weight compounds . CrCl3 , CaCl2 and LaCl3 could restrain second pyrolysis of bio-oil . The research provided a scientific reference for production of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to investigate the effects of pyrolysis conditions on bio-oil production from biomass in molten salt , experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in a self-designed reactor in which the molten salt ZnCl2-KCl ( with mole ratio 7/6 ) was selected as heat carrier , catalyst and dispersion agent . The effects of metal salt added into ZnCl2-KCl and biomass material on biomass pyrolysis were discussed , and the main compositions of bio-oil were determined by GC-MS . Metal salt added into molten salt could affect pyrolysis production yields remarkably . Lanthanon salt could enhance bio-oil yield and decrease water content in bio-oil , when mole fraction of 5 . 0% LaCl3 was added , bio-oil yield could reach up to 32 . 0% , and water content of bio-oil could reduce to 61 . 5% . The bio-oil and char yields were higher when rice straw was pyrolysed , while gas yield was higher when rice husk was used . Metal salts showed great selectivity on compositions of bio-oil . LiCl and FeCl2 promoted biomass to pyrolyse into smaller molecular weight compounds . CrCl3 , CaCl2 and LaCl3 could restrain second pyrolysis of bio-oil . The research provided a scientific reference for production of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Red mold fermented products and Alzheimers disease : a review .
| | Author: Lee CL Pan TM | | Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21687963 Accession (PMID): 21687963 | | Abstract: Alzheimers disease is seen mainly in individuals over the age of 65 , and the morbidity rate increases with age .
Regarding the health function of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , besides hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects , other health functions of RMR such as anti-oxidation , cancer prevention , anti-fatigue , and anti-obesity have also been reported .
Many published studies have shown the efficacy of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease .
The current article discusses and provides evidence to support the beneficial potential of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease by discussing the pathogenic factors of Alzheimers disease and the secondary metabolites of Monascus .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alzheimers disease is seen mainly in individuals over the age of 65 , and the morbidity rate increases with age . Regarding the health function of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , besides hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects , other health functions of RMR such as anti-oxidation , cancer prevention , anti-fatigue , and anti-obesity have also been reported . Many published studies have shown the efficacy of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease . The current article discusses and provides evidence to support the beneficial potential of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease by discussing the pathogenic factors of Alzheimers disease and the secondary metabolites of Monascus .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alzheimers disease is seen mainly in individuals over the age of 65 , and the morbidity rate increases with age . Regarding the health function of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , besides hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects , other health functions of RMR such as anti-oxidation , cancer prevention , anti-fatigue , and anti-obesity have also been reported . Many published studies have shown the efficacy of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease . The current article discusses and provides evidence to support the beneficial potential of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease by discussing the pathogenic factors of Alzheimers disease and the secondary metabolites of Monascus .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Effects of long-term applying sulfur and chloride-containing chemical fertilizers on weed growth in paddy field ] .
| | Author: Shen P Gao JS Xu MG Li DC Niu DK Qin DZ | | Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21774323 Accession (PMID): 21774323 | | Abstract: An investigation was made at a double-rice paddy field in the Qiyang Red Soil Field Experimental Station , Hunan Province , China to study the species and biomass of weeds growing in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) growth season after 34-year application of sulfur ( SO4 ( 2- ) ) and chloride ( Cl ( - ) ) -containing chemical fertilizers under the same application rates of nitrogen ( N ) , phosphorus ( P ) , and potassium ( K ) .
Long-term application of Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer resulted in the greatest species number of weeds and the highest biomass of floating weeds and wet weeds , compared with long-term application of SO4 ( 2- ) and Cl ( - ) +SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers .
In early rice growth season , the biomass of weeds after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer was 51 . 4% and 17 . 6% higher than that after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , respectively ; in late rice growth season , the increment was 144% and 242% , respectively .
More floating weeds were observed after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , but few of them were found after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer .
The total dry mass of weeds and the dry mass of wet weeds were positively correlated with soil Cl ( - ) content ( r = 0 . 764 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 948 , P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) , but negatively correlated with soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S content ( r = 0 . 849 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 641 , P < 0 . 05 ) .
Soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P , under the co-effects of soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S , Cl ( - ) , and pH , had indirect effects on the total dry mass of weeds .
By adopting various fertilization measures to maintain proper soil pH and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P contents , increase soil SO42 ( - ) -S content , and decrease soil Cl ( - ) content , it could be possible to effectively inhibit the growth of wet weeds and to decrease the total biomass of weeds in double-rice paddy field .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: An investigation was made at a double-rice paddy field in the Qiyang Red Soil Field Experimental Station , Hunan Province , China to study the species and biomass of weeds growing in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) growth season after 34-year application of sulfur ( SO4 ( 2- ) ) and chloride ( Cl ( - ) ) -containing chemical fertilizers under the same application rates of nitrogen ( N ) , phosphorus ( P ) , and potassium ( K ) . Long-term application of Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer resulted in the greatest species number of weeds and the highest biomass of floating weeds and wet weeds , compared with long-term application of SO4 ( 2- ) and Cl ( - ) +SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers . In early rice growth season , the biomass of weeds after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer was 51 . 4% and 17 . 6% higher than that after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , respectively ; in late rice growth season , the increment was 144% and 242% , respectively . More floating weeds were observed after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , but few of them were found after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer . The total dry mass of weeds and the dry mass of wet weeds were positively correlated with soil Cl ( - ) content ( r = 0 . 764 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 948 , P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) , but negatively correlated with soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S content ( r = 0 . 849 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 641 , P < 0 . 05 ) . Soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P , under the co-effects of soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S , Cl ( - ) , and pH , had indirect effects on the total dry mass of weeds . By adopting various fertilization measures to maintain proper soil pH and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P contents , increase soil SO42 ( - ) -S content , and decrease soil Cl ( - ) content , it could be possible to effectively inhibit the growth of wet weeds and to decrease the total biomass of weeds in double-rice paddy field .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: An investigation was made at a double-rice paddy field in the Qiyang Red Soil Field Experimental Station , Hunan Province , China to study the species and biomass of weeds growing in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) growth season after 34-year application of sulfur ( SO4 ( 2- ) ) and chloride ( Cl ( - ) ) -containing chemical fertilizers under the same application rates of nitrogen ( N ) , phosphorus ( P ) , and potassium ( K ) . Long-term application of Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer resulted in the greatest species number of weeds and the highest biomass of floating weeds and wet weeds , compared with long-term application of SO4 ( 2- ) and Cl ( - ) +SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers . In early rice growth season , the biomass of weeds after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer was 51 . 4% and 17 . 6% higher than that after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , respectively ; in late rice growth season , the increment was 144% and 242% , respectively . More floating weeds were observed after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , but few of them were found after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer . The total dry mass of weeds and the dry mass of wet weeds were positively correlated with soil Cl ( - ) content ( r = 0 . 764 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 948 , P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) , but negatively correlated with soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S content ( r = 0 . 849 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 641 , P < 0 . 05 ) . Soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P , under the co-effects of soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S , Cl ( - ) , and pH , had indirect effects on the total dry mass of weeds . By adopting various fertilization measures to maintain proper soil pH and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P contents , increase soil SO42 ( - ) -S content , and decrease soil Cl ( - ) content , it could be possible to effectively inhibit the growth of wet weeds and to decrease the total biomass of weeds in double-rice paddy field .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Protective effect of Monascus-fermented red mold rice against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response .
| | Author: Cheng CF Pan TM | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21861523 Accession (PMID): 21861523 | | Abstract: Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented rice is reported to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects , including antitumor , antihypertriglyceridemia , antioxidant , and anti-inflammatory activities .
However , its role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease remains obscure .
In this study , the hepatoprotective effects of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) was evaluated in vivo using chronic alcohol-induced mice as an experimental model .
The alcohol-induced mice were orally treated with RMR at 307 . 5 mg/kg ( 1-fold ) , 615 mg/kg ( 2-fold ) , and 1537 . 5 mg/kg ( 5-fold ) for 5 weeks , whereas controls received vehicle only .
Treatment with RMR significantly attenuated the increased level of serum transaminases ( aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ) and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol accumulation .
Furthermore , RMR elevates hepatic antioxidant ability that reduced hepatic cell damage ( steatosis ) and decreased it issue inflammatory cytokine levels .
These findings suggest that Monascus-fermented RMR may represent a novel , protective strategy against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress , inflammatory response , and steatosis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented rice is reported to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects , including antitumor , antihypertriglyceridemia , antioxidant , and anti-inflammatory activities . However , its role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease remains obscure . In this study , the hepatoprotective effects of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) was evaluated in vivo using chronic alcohol-induced mice as an experimental model . The alcohol-induced mice were orally treated with RMR at 307 . 5 mg/kg ( 1-fold ) , 615 mg/kg ( 2-fold ) , and 1537 . 5 mg/kg ( 5-fold ) for 5 weeks , whereas controls received vehicle only . Treatment with RMR significantly attenuated the increased level of serum transaminases ( aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ) and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol accumulation . Furthermore , RMR elevates hepatic antioxidant ability that reduced hepatic cell damage ( steatosis ) and decreased it issue inflammatory cytokine levels . These findings suggest that Monascus-fermented RMR may represent a novel , protective strategy against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress , inflammatory response , and steatosis .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented rice is reported to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects , including antitumor , antihypertriglyceridemia , antioxidant , and anti-inflammatory activities . However , its role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease remains obscure . In this study , the hepatoprotective effects of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) was evaluated in vivo using chronic alcohol-induced mice as an experimental model . The alcohol-induced mice were orally treated with RMR at 307 . 5 mg/kg ( 1-fold ) , 615 mg/kg ( 2-fold ) , and 1537 . 5 mg/kg ( 5-fold ) for 5 weeks , whereas controls received vehicle only . Treatment with RMR significantly attenuated the increased level of serum transaminases ( aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ) and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol accumulation . Furthermore , RMR elevates hepatic antioxidant ability that reduced hepatic cell damage ( steatosis ) and decreased it issue inflammatory cytokine levels . These findings suggest that Monascus-fermented RMR may represent a novel , protective strategy against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress , inflammatory response , and steatosis .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Trade and the nutrition transition : strengthening policy for health in the Pacific .
| | Author: Thow AM Heywood P Schultz J Quested C Jan S Colagiuri S | | Journal: Ecol Food Nutr Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21888586 Accession (PMID): 21888586 | | Abstract: This article describes pathways through which trade policy change in two Pacific Island countries has contributed to changes in the food supply , and thereby to the nutrition transition .
The effect of various trade policies from 1960 to 2005 on trends in food imports and availability is described , and case studies are presented for four foods associated with the nutrition transition and chronic disease in the Pacific .
Trade policies ( including liberalization , export promotion , protection of the domestic meat industry and support for foreign direct investment ) have contributed to a reduced availability of traditional staples , and increased availability of foods associated with the nutrition transition , including refined cereals ( particularly polished rice and white flour ) , meat , fats and oils , and processed food products .
This study suggests that promoting healthier imports and increasing production of healthier traditional foods , in both of which trade policy has an important effect , has the potential to improve diets and health , in conjunction with other public health intervention .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This article describes pathways through which trade policy change in two Pacific Island countries has contributed to changes in the food supply , and thereby to the nutrition transition . The effect of various trade policies from 1960 to 2005 on trends in food imports and availability is described , and case studies are presented for four foods associated with the nutrition transition and chronic disease in the Pacific . Trade policies ( including liberalization , export promotion , protection of the domestic meat industry and support for foreign direct investment ) have contributed to a reduced availability of traditional staples , and increased availability of foods associated with the nutrition transition , including refined cereals ( particularly polished rice and white flour ) , meat , fats and oils , and processed food products . This study suggests that promoting healthier imports and increasing production of healthier traditional foods , in both of which trade policy has an important effect , has the potential to improve diets and health , in conjunction with other public health intervention .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This article describes pathways through which trade policy change in two Pacific Island countries has contributed to changes in the food supply , and thereby to the nutrition transition . The effect of various trade policies from 1960 to 2005 on trends in food imports and availability is described , and case studies are presented for four foods associated with the nutrition transition and chronic disease in the Pacific . Trade policies ( including liberalization , export promotion , protection of the domestic meat industry and support for foreign direct investment ) have contributed to a reduced availability of traditional staples , and increased availability of foods associated with the nutrition transition , including refined cereals ( particularly polished rice and white flour ) , meat , fats and oils , and processed food products . This study suggests that promoting healthier imports and increasing production of healthier traditional foods , in both of which trade policy has an important effect , has the potential to improve diets and health , in conjunction with other public health intervention .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Perception of intrusive /r/ in English by native , cross-language and cross-dialect listeners .
| | Author: Tuinman A Mitterer H Cutler A | | Journal: J Acoust Soc Am Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21895101 Accession (PMID): 21895101 | | Abstract: In sequences such as law and order , speakers of British English often insert /r/ between law and and .
Acoustic analyses revealed such "intrusive" /r/ to be significantly shorter than canonical /r/ .
In a 2AFC experiment , native listeners heard British English sentences in which /r/ duration was manipulated across a word boundary [ eg , saw ( r ) ice ] , and orthographic and semantic factors were varied .
These listeners responded categorically on the basis of acoustic evidence for /r/ alone , reporting ice after short /r/s , rice after long /r/s ; orthographic and semantic factors had no effect .
Dutch listeners proficient in English who heard the same materials relied less on durational cues than the native listeners , and were affected by both orthography and semantic bias .
American English listeners produced intermediate responses to the same materials , being sensitive to duration ( less so than native , more so than Dutch listeners ) , and to orthography ( less so than the Dutch ) , but insensitive to the semantic manipulation .
Listeners from language communities without common use of intrusive /r/ may thus interpret intrusive /r/ as canonical /r/ , with a language difference increasing this propensity more than a dialect difference .
Native listeners , however , efficiently distinguish intrusive from canonical /r/ by exploiting the relevant acoustic variation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In sequences such as law and order , speakers of British English often insert /r/ between law and and . Acoustic analyses revealed such "intrusive" /r/ to be significantly shorter than canonical /r/ . In a 2AFC experiment , native listeners heard British English sentences in which /r/ duration was manipulated across a word boundary [ eg , saw ( r ) ice ] , and orthographic and semantic factors were varied . These listeners responded categorically on the basis of acoustic evidence for /r/ alone , reporting ice after short /r/s , rice after long /r/s ; orthographic and semantic factors had no effect . Dutch listeners proficient in English who heard the same materials relied less on durational cues than the native listeners , and were affected by both orthography and semantic bias . American English listeners produced intermediate responses to the same materials , being sensitive to duration ( less so than native , more so than Dutch listeners ) , and to orthography ( less so than the Dutch ) , but insensitive to the semantic manipulation . Listeners from language communities without common use of intrusive /r/ may thus interpret intrusive /r/ as canonical /r/ , with a language difference increasing this propensity more than a dialect difference . Native listeners , however , efficiently distinguish intrusive from canonical /r/ by exploiting the relevant acoustic variation .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In sequences such as law and order , speakers of British English often insert /r/ between law and and . Acoustic analyses revealed such "intrusive" /r/ to be significantly shorter than canonical /r/ . In a 2AFC experiment , native listeners heard British English sentences in which /r/ duration was manipulated across a word boundary [ eg , saw ( r ) ice ] , and orthographic and semantic factors were varied . These listeners responded categorically on the basis of acoustic evidence for /r/ alone , reporting ice after short /r/s , rice after long /r/s ; orthographic and semantic factors had no effect . Dutch listeners proficient in English who heard the same materials relied less on durational cues than the native listeners , and were affected by both orthography and semantic bias . American English listeners produced intermediate responses to the same materials , being sensitive to duration ( less so than native , more so than Dutch listeners ) , and to orthography ( less so than the Dutch ) , but insensitive to the semantic manipulation . Listeners from language communities without common use of intrusive /r/ may thus interpret intrusive /r/ as canonical /r/ , with a language difference increasing this propensity more than a dialect difference . Native listeners , however , efficiently distinguish intrusive from canonical /r/ by exploiting the relevant acoustic variation .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Determination of internal target volume from a single positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan in lung cancer .
| | Author: Chang G Chang T Pan T Clark JW Mawlawi OR | | Journal: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22197228 Accession (PMID): 22197228 | | Abstract: PURPOSE : The use of four-dimensional computed tomography ( 4D-CT ) to determine the tumor internal target volume ( ITV ) is usually characterized by high patient radiation exposure .
The objective of this study was to propose and evaluate an approach that relies on a single static positron emission tomography ( PET ) /CT scan to determine the ITV , thereby eliminating the need for 4D-CT and thus reduce patient radiation dose .
METHODS AND MATERIALS : The proposed approach is based on the concept that the observed PET image is the result of a joint convolution of an ideal PET image ( free from motion and partial volume effect ) with a motion-blurring kernel ( MBK ) and partial volume effect .
In this regard , the MBK and tumor ITV are then estimated from the deconvolution of this joint model .
To test this technique , phantom and patient studies were performed using different sphere/tumor sizes and motion trajectories .
In all studies , a 4D-CT and a PET/CT image of the sphere/tumor were acquired .
The ITV from the proposed technique was then compared to the maximum intensity projection ( MIP ) volume of the 4D-CT images .
A Dice coefficient of the two volumes was calculated to represent the similarity between the two ITVs RESULTS : The average ITVs of the proposed technique were 97 . 2% +/- 0 . 3% and 81 . 0% +/- 16 . 7% similar to the MIP volume in the phantom and patient studies , respectively .
The average dice coefficients were 0 . 87 +/- 0 . 05 and 0 . 73 +/- 0 . 16 , respectively , for the two studies .
CONCLUSION : Using the proposed approach , a single static PET/CT scan has the potential to replace a 4D-CT to determine the tumor ITV .
This approach has the added advantage of reducing patient radiation exposure and determining the tumor MBK compared to 4D-CT/MIP-CT .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: PURPOSE : The use of four-dimensional computed tomography ( 4D-CT ) to determine the tumor internal target volume ( ITV ) is usually characterized by high patient radiation exposure . The objective of this study was to propose and evaluate an approach that relies on a single static positron emission tomography ( PET ) /CT scan to determine the ITV , thereby eliminating the need for 4D-CT and thus reduce patient radiation dose . METHODS AND MATERIALS : The proposed approach is based on the concept that the observed PET image is the result of a joint convolution of an ideal PET image ( free from motion and partial volume effect ) with a motion-blurring kernel ( MBK ) and partial volume effect . In this regard , the MBK and tumor ITV are then estimated from the deconvolution of this joint model . To test this technique , phantom and patient studies were performed using different sphere/tumor sizes and motion trajectories . In all studies , a 4D-CT and a PET/CT image of the sphere/tumor were acquired . The ITV from the proposed technique was then compared to the maximum intensity projection ( MIP ) volume of the 4D-CT images . A Dice coefficient of the two volumes was calculated to represent the similarity between the two ITVs RESULTS : The average ITVs of the proposed technique were 97 . 2% +/- 0 . 3% and 81 . 0% +/- 16 . 7% similar to the MIP volume in the phantom and patient studies , respectively . The average dice coefficients were 0 . 87 +/- 0 . 05 and 0 . 73 +/- 0 . 16 , respectively , for the two studies . CONCLUSION : Using the proposed approach , a single static PET/CT scan has the potential to replace a 4D-CT to determine the tumor ITV . This approach has the added advantage of reducing patient radiation exposure and determining the tumor MBK compared to 4D-CT/MIP-CT .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Improved cognitive performance following supplementation with a mixed-grain diet in high school students : a randomized controlled trial | | Author: Chung YC Park CH Kwon HK Park YM Kim YS Doo JK Shin DH Jung ES Oh MR Chae SW | | Journal: Nutrition Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22208555 Accession (PMID): 22208555 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth , when rich nutritional supplementation is important .
Maintaining optimal cognitive functioning is critical in high school students , who are under considerable academic pressure .
The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of a 9-wk randomly assigned diet of mixed grains versus a regular diet on cognitive performance and on levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and S100B , a calcium-binding protein produced by astroglial cells , in healthy high school students ( grades 10 and 11 ) .
METHODS : In this 9-wk , single-blind , controlled study , subjects were randomly allocated to either a mixed-grain or a regular diet .
Cognitive assessments and measurements of plasma BDNF and S100B levels were performed at baseline and after the 9-wk intake of a mixed-grain or regular diet .
Computerized neuropsychological tests and self-rating scales were used for the cognitive assessments .
RESULTS : Significant improvements in some neuropsychological tests were found after 9 wk in both the mixed-grain and the regular-diet groups , but the changes from baseline between the two groups were not significantly different .
Significant impairments on the AX-continuous performance test were observed at the endpoint in the regular-diet group , and the changes from baseline between the two groups were also significantly different for this test A significant difference in changes in BDNF levels was observed between the two groups .
CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that intake of mixed grains for 9 wk is beneficial for cognitive performance and plasma BDNF levels in high school students .
These beneficial effects seem to be related to the prevention of cognitive deterioration in a mental-fatigue test with the mixed-grain diet , rather than cognitive enhancement per se .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth , when rich nutritional supplementation is important . Maintaining optimal cognitive functioning is critical in high school students , who are under considerable academic pressure . The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of a 9-wk randomly assigned diet of mixed grains versus a regular diet on cognitive performance and on levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and S100B , a calcium-binding protein produced by astroglial cells , in healthy high school students ( grades 10 and 11 ) . METHODS : In this 9-wk , single-blind , controlled study , subjects were randomly allocated to either a mixed-grain or a regular diet . Cognitive assessments and measurements of plasma BDNF and S100B levels were performed at baseline and after the 9-wk intake of a mixed-grain or regular diet . Computerized neuropsychological tests and self-rating scales were used for the cognitive assessments . RESULTS : Significant improvements in some neuropsychological tests were found after 9 wk in both the mixed-grain and the regular-diet groups , but the changes from baseline between the two groups were not significantly different . Significant impairments on the AX-continuous performance test were observed at the endpoint in the regular-diet group , and the changes from baseline between the two groups were also significantly different for this test A significant difference in changes in BDNF levels was observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that intake of mixed grains for 9 wk is beneficial for cognitive performance and plasma BDNF levels in high school students . These beneficial effects seem to be related to the prevention of cognitive deterioration in a mental-fatigue test with the mixed-grain diet , rather than cognitive enhancement per se .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth , when rich nutritional supplementation is important . Maintaining optimal cognitive functioning is critical in high school students , who are under considerable academic pressure . The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of a 9-wk randomly assigned diet of mixed grains versus a regular diet on cognitive performance and on levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and S100B , a calcium-binding protein produced by astroglial cells , in healthy high school students ( grades 10 and 11 ) . METHODS : In this 9-wk , single-blind , controlled study , subjects were randomly allocated to either a mixed-grain or a regular diet . Cognitive assessments and measurements of plasma BDNF and S100B levels were performed at baseline and after the 9-wk intake of a mixed-grain or regular diet . Computerized neuropsychological tests and self-rating scales were used for the cognitive assessments . RESULTS : Significant improvements in some neuropsychological tests were found after 9 wk in both the mixed-grain and the regular-diet groups , but the changes from baseline between the two groups were not significantly different . Significant impairments on the AX-continuous performance test were observed at the endpoint in the regular-diet group , and the changes from baseline between the two groups were also significantly different for this test A significant difference in changes in BDNF levels was observed between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that intake of mixed grains for 9 wk is beneficial for cognitive performance and plasma BDNF levels in high school students . These beneficial effects seem to be related to the prevention of cognitive deterioration in a mental-fatigue test with the mixed-grain diet , rather than cognitive enhancement per se .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the systemic induction of regulatory defence-related genes in rice leaves and confers resistance to pathogen infection .
| | Author: Campos-Soriano L Garcia-Martinez J Segundo BS | | Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22212404 Accession (PMID): 22212404 | | Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbioses are mutualistic associations between soil fungi and most vascular plants .
Their association benefits the host plant by improving nutrition , mainly phosphorus nutrition , and by providing increased capability to cope with adverse conditions .
In this study , we investigated the transcriptional changes triggered in rice leaves as a result of AM symbiosis , focusing on the relevance of the plant defence response .
We showed that root colonization by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices is accompanied by the systemic induction of genes that play a regulatory role in the host defence response , such as OsNPR1 , OsAP2 , OsEREBP and OsJAmyb .
Genes involved in signal transduction processes ( OsDUF26 and OsMPK6 ) and genes that function in calcium-mediated signalling processes ( OsCBP , OsCaM and OsCML4 ) are also up-regulated in leaves of mycorrhizal rice plants in the absence of pathogen infection .
In addition , the mycorrhizal rice plants exhibit a stronger induction of defence marker genes [ ie pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes ] in their leaves in response to infection by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae .
Evidence indicates that mycorrhizal rice plants show enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus .
Overall , these results suggest that the protective effect of the AM symbiosis in rice plants relies on both the systemic activation of defence regulatory genes in the absence of pathogen challenge and the priming for stronger expression of defence effector genes during pathogen infection .
The possible mechanisms involved in the mycorrhiza-induced resistance to M oryzae infection are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbioses are mutualistic associations between soil fungi and most vascular plants . Their association benefits the host plant by improving nutrition , mainly phosphorus nutrition , and by providing increased capability to cope with adverse conditions . In this study , we investigated the transcriptional changes triggered in rice leaves as a result of AM symbiosis , focusing on the relevance of the plant defence response . We showed that root colonization by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices is accompanied by the systemic induction of genes that play a regulatory role in the host defence response , such as OsNPR1 , OsAP2 , OsEREBP and OsJAmyb . Genes involved in signal transduction processes ( OsDUF26 and OsMPK6 ) and genes that function in calcium-mediated signalling processes ( OsCBP , OsCaM and OsCML4 ) are also up-regulated in leaves of mycorrhizal rice plants in the absence of pathogen infection . In addition , the mycorrhizal rice plants exhibit a stronger induction of defence marker genes [ ie pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes ] in their leaves in response to infection by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . Evidence indicates that mycorrhizal rice plants show enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus . Overall , these results suggest that the protective effect of the AM symbiosis in rice plants relies on both the systemic activation of defence regulatory genes in the absence of pathogen challenge and the priming for stronger expression of defence effector genes during pathogen infection . The possible mechanisms involved in the mycorrhiza-induced resistance to M oryzae infection are discussed .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Demonstration of osmotically dependent promotion of aerenchyma formation at different levels in the primary roots of rice using a sandwich method and X-ray computed tomography .
| | Author: Karahara I Umemura K Soga Y Akai Y Bando T Ito Y Tamaoki D Uesugi K Abe J Yamauchi D Mineyuki Y | | Journal: Ann Bot Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22499856 Accession (PMID): 22499856 | | Abstract: Background and Aims The effect of environmental factors on the regulation of aerenchyma formation in rice roots has been discussed for a long time , because aerenchyma is constitutively formed under aerated conditions .
To elucidate this problem , a unique method has been developed that enables sensitive detection of differences in the development of aerenchyma under two different environmental conditions .
The method is tested to determine whether aerenchyma development in rice roots is affected by osmotic stress .
Methods To examine aerenchyma formation both with and without mannitol treatment in the same root , germinating rice ( Oryza sativa ) caryopses were sandwiched between two agar slabs , one of which contained 270 mm of mannitol .
The roots were grown touching both slabs and were thereby exposed unilaterally to osmotic stress .
As a non-invasive approach , refraction contrast X-ray computed tomography ( CT ) using a third-generation synchrotron facility , SPring-8 ( Super photon ring 8 GeV , Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute ) , was used to visualize the three-dimensional ( 3-D ) intact structure of aerenchyma and its formation in situ in rice roots .
The effects of unilateral mannitol treatment on the development of aerenchyma were quantitatively examined using conventional light microscopy .
Key Results Structural continuity of aerenchyma was clearly visualized in 3-D in the primary root of rice and in situ using X-ray CT .
Light microscopy and X-ray CT showed that the development of aerenchyma was promoted on the mannitol-treated side of the root .
Detailed light microscopic analysis of cross-sections cut along the root axis from the tip to the basal region demonstrated that aerenchyma developed significantly closer to the root tip on the mannitol-treated side of the root .
Conclusions Continuity of the aerenchyma along the rice root axis was morphologically demonstrated using X-ray CT .
By using this sandwich method it was shown that mannitol promoted aerenchyma formation in the primary roots of rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Background and Aims The effect of environmental factors on the regulation of aerenchyma formation in rice roots has been discussed for a long time , because aerenchyma is constitutively formed under aerated conditions . To elucidate this problem , a unique method has been developed that enables sensitive detection of differences in the development of aerenchyma under two different environmental conditions . The method is tested to determine whether aerenchyma development in rice roots is affected by osmotic stress . Methods To examine aerenchyma formation both with and without mannitol treatment in the same root , germinating rice ( Oryza sativa ) caryopses were sandwiched between two agar slabs , one of which contained 270 mm of mannitol . The roots were grown touching both slabs and were thereby exposed unilaterally to osmotic stress . As a non-invasive approach , refraction contrast X-ray computed tomography ( CT ) using a third-generation synchrotron facility , SPring-8 ( Super photon ring 8 GeV , Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute ) , was used to visualize the three-dimensional ( 3-D ) intact structure of aerenchyma and its formation in situ in rice roots . The effects of unilateral mannitol treatment on the development of aerenchyma were quantitatively examined using conventional light microscopy . Key Results Structural continuity of aerenchyma was clearly visualized in 3-D in the primary root of rice and in situ using X-ray CT . Light microscopy and X-ray CT showed that the development of aerenchyma was promoted on the mannitol-treated side of the root . Detailed light microscopic analysis of cross-sections cut along the root axis from the tip to the basal region demonstrated that aerenchyma developed significantly closer to the root tip on the mannitol-treated side of the root .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Background and Aims The effect of environmental factors on the regulation of aerenchyma formation in rice roots has been discussed for a long time , because aerenchyma is constitutively formed under aerated conditions . To elucidate this problem , a unique method has been developed that enables sensitive detection of differences in the development of aerenchyma under two different environmental conditions . The method is tested to determine whether aerenchyma development in rice roots is affected by osmotic stress . Methods To examine aerenchyma formation both with and without mannitol treatment in the same root , germinating rice ( Oryza sativa ) caryopses were sandwiched between two agar slabs , one of which contained 270 mm of mannitol . The roots were grown touching both slabs and were thereby exposed unilaterally to osmotic stress . As a non-invasive approach , refraction contrast X-ray computed tomography ( CT ) using a third-generation synchrotron facility , SPring-8 ( Super photon ring 8 GeV , Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute ) , was used to visualize the three-dimensional ( 3-D ) intact structure of aerenchyma and its formation in situ in rice roots . The effects of unilateral mannitol treatment on the development of aerenchyma were quantitatively examined using conventional light microscopy . Key Results Structural continuity of aerenchyma was clearly visualized in 3-D in the primary root of rice and in situ using X-ray CT . Light microscopy and X-ray CT showed that the development of aerenchyma was promoted on the mannitol-treated side of the root . Detailed light microscopic analysis of cross-sections cut along the root axis from the tip to the basal region demonstrated that aerenchyma developed significantly closer to the root tip on the mannitol-treated side of the root . Conclusions Continuity of the aerenchyma along the rice root axis was morphologically demonstrated using X-ray CT . By using this sandwich method it was shown that mannitol promoted aerenchyma formation in the primary roots of rice .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Potential of Thermo and Alkali Stable Xylanases from Thielaviopsis basicola ( MTCC-1467 ) in Biobleaching of Wood Kraft Pulp .
| | Author: Goluguri BR Thulluri C Cherupally M Nidadavolu N Achuthananda D Mangamuri LN Addepally U | | Journal: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22717769 Accession (PMID): 22717769 | | Abstract: Thermo and alkali-stable xylanases produced from Thielaviopsis basicola ( MTCC-1467 ) on low-cost carbon source like rice straw were evaluated for their potential application in biobleaching of wood kraft pulp .
Enzyme treatment at retention time of 240 min with 20 IU/gm of dried pulp resulted in 85 . 2 % of reduction in kappa number .
When compared to control , 110 . 8 , 93 , and 72 . 2 % of enhancement in brightness ( percent International Organization of Standardization ) , whiteness , and fluorescence , respectively , were observed for enzyme-treated pulp .
Spectroscopic analysis showed significant release of chromophoric compounds from enzyme-treated pulp .
Furthermore , scanning electron microscope studies of unbleached and enzyme bleached pulp revealed the effectiveness of enzymatic treatment .
The enzyme-treated pulp subjected to later stages of chemical bleaching resulted in 16 % decrease in chlorine consumption along with considerable reduction in chemical oxygen demand percentage ( 14 . 5 % ) level of effluent .
Various pulp properties like fiber length , fiber width , burst strength , burst index , tear strength , tear index , tensile strength , and breaking length were also significantly improved after enzyme treatment when compared to control .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thermo and alkali-stable xylanases produced from Thielaviopsis basicola ( MTCC-1467 ) on low-cost carbon source like rice straw were evaluated for their potential application in biobleaching of wood kraft pulp . Enzyme treatment at retention time of 240 min with 20 IU/gm of dried pulp resulted in 85 . 2 % of reduction in kappa number . When compared to control , 110 . 8 , 93 , and 72 . 2 % of enhancement in brightness ( percent International Organization of Standardization ) , whiteness , and fluorescence , respectively , were observed for enzyme-treated pulp . Spectroscopic analysis showed significant release of chromophoric compounds from enzyme-treated pulp . Furthermore , scanning electron microscope studies of unbleached and enzyme bleached pulp revealed the effectiveness of enzymatic treatment . The enzyme-treated pulp subjected to later stages of chemical bleaching resulted in 16 % decrease in chlorine consumption along with considerable reduction in chemical oxygen demand percentage ( 14 . 5 % ) level of effluent . Various pulp properties like fiber length , fiber width , burst strength , burst index , tear strength , tear index , tensile strength , and breaking length were also significantly improved after enzyme treatment when compared to control .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thermo and alkali-stable xylanases produced from Thielaviopsis basicola ( MTCC-1467 ) on low-cost carbon source like rice straw were evaluated for their potential application in biobleaching of wood kraft pulp . Enzyme treatment at retention time of 240 min with 20 IU/gm of dried pulp resulted in 85 . 2 % of reduction in kappa number . When compared to control , 110 . 8 , 93 , and 72 . 2 % of enhancement in brightness ( percent International Organization of Standardization ) , whiteness , and fluorescence , respectively , were observed for enzyme-treated pulp . Spectroscopic analysis showed significant release of chromophoric compounds from enzyme-treated pulp . Furthermore , scanning electron microscope studies of unbleached and enzyme bleached pulp revealed the effectiveness of enzymatic treatment . The enzyme-treated pulp subjected to later stages of chemical bleaching resulted in 16 % decrease in chlorine consumption along with considerable reduction in chemical oxygen demand percentage ( 14 . 5 % ) level of effluent . Various pulp properties like fiber length , fiber width , burst strength , burst index , tear strength , tear index , tensile strength , and breaking length were also significantly improved after enzyme treatment when compared to control .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Use of straw as fertilizer in growing rice on takyr-like soils .
| | Author: Mishustin EN Nelidov SN Mamutov ZU .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub36179 Accession (PMID): 36179 | | Abstract: Rice straw used as organic fertilizer on alkali takyr-like soils has a good effect , as has been confirmed in pot and field experiments .
Under the climatic conditions of of southern Kazakhstan , cut straw can be applied to the soil before rice is sown .
The favorable effect of the straw is related to its meliorating action .
Products of straw decomposition decrease the pH of the soil , and improve its physical properties . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice straw used as organic fertilizer on alkali takyr-like soils has a good effect , as has been confirmed in pot and field experiments . Under the climatic conditions of of southern Kazakhstan , cut straw can be applied to the soil before rice is sown . The favorable effect of the straw is related to its meliorating action . Products of straw decomposition decrease the pH of the soil , and improve its physical properties .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice straw used as organic fertilizer on alkali takyr-like soils has a good effect , as has been confirmed in pot and field experiments . Under the climatic conditions of of southern Kazakhstan , cut straw can be applied to the soil before rice is sown . The favorable effect of the straw is related to its meliorating action . Products of straw decomposition decrease the pH of the soil , and improve its physical properties .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Evidence of a dominant role for low osmolality in the efficacy of cereal based oral rehydration solutions : studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea .
| | Author: Thillainayagam AV Carnaby S Dias JA Clark ML Farthing MJ .
| | Journal: Gut Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8344579 Accession (PMID): 8344579 | | Abstract: Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions ( ORS ) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea .
The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established .
This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine .
The results were compared with those for two widely used conventional hypertonic ORS , WHO-ORS ( 331 mOsm/kg ) and UK-ORS ( 310 mOsm/kg ) .
In the normal intestine , water absorption was similar from WHO-ORS ( 87 . 4 ( 45 . 1-124 . 6 ) microliters/min/g ; median and interquartile range ) and UK-ORS ( 57 . 6 ( 41 . 5-87 ) ) but less than from the hypotonic solutions ( p < 0 . 02 ) ; water absorption from RS-ORS ( 181 . 8 ( 168 . 5-193 . 8 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 195 . 7 ( 179 . 3-207 . 9 ) ) was similar but less than from HYPO-ORS ( 241 . 3 ( 230 . 6-279 . 7 ) ; p < 0 . 005 ) .
In the secreting intestine , all ORS reversed net secretion of fluid to net absorption ; the hypotonic solutions , HYPO-ORS ( 105 . 2 ( 95 . 2-111 ) ) , RS-ORS ( 127 . 7 ( 118 . 3-169 . 4 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 133 . 7 ( 122 . 1-174 . 5 ) ) , produced more water absorption ( p < 0 . 005 ) than the hypertonic solutions WHO-ORS ( 47 . 1 ( 29-75 . 9 ) ) and UK-ORS ( 24 . 9 ( 18 . 4-29 . 4 ) ) .
The rice based ions promoted most water absorption in secreting intestine ( p < 0 . 007 ) .
These data indicate that low osmolality is of primary importance in mediating the increased water absorption from cereal based ORS . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions ( ORS ) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea . The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established . This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine . The results were compared with those for two widely used conventional hypertonic ORS , WHO-ORS ( 331 mOsm/kg ) and UK-ORS ( 310 mOsm/kg ) . In the normal intestine , water absorption was similar from WHO-ORS ( 87 . 4 ( 45 . 1-124 . 6 ) microliters/min/g ; median and interquartile range ) and UK-ORS ( 57 . 6 ( 41 . 5-87 ) ) but less than from the hypotonic solutions ( p < 0 . 02 ) ; water absorption from RS-ORS ( 181 . 8 ( 168 . 5-193 . 8 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 195 . 7 ( 179 . 3-207 . 9 ) ) was similar but less than from HYPO-ORS ( 241 . 3 ( 230 . 6-279 . 7 ) ; p < 0 . 005 ) . In the secreting intestine , all ORS reversed net secretion of fluid to net absorption ; the hypotonic solutions , HYPO-ORS ( 105 . 2 ( 95 . 2-111 ) ) , RS-ORS ( 127 . 7 ( 118 . 3-169 . 4 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 133 . 7 ( 122 . 1-174 . 5 ) ) , produced more water absorption ( p < 0 . 005 ) than the hypertonic solutions WHO-ORS ( 47 . 1 ( 29-75 . 9 ) ) and UK-ORS ( 24 . 9 ( 18 . 4-29 . 4 ) ) . The rice based ions promoted most water absorption in secreting intestine ( p < 0 . 007 ) . These data indicate that low osmolality is of primary importance in mediating the increased water absorption from cereal based ORS .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions ( ORS ) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea . The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established . This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine . The results were compared with those for two widely used conventional hypertonic ORS , WHO-ORS ( 331 mOsm/kg ) and UK-ORS ( 310 mOsm/kg ) . In the normal intestine , water absorption was similar from WHO-ORS ( 87 . 4 ( 45 . 1-124 . 6 ) microliters/min/g ; median and interquartile range ) and UK-ORS ( 57 . 6 ( 41 . 5-87 ) ) but less than from the hypotonic solutions ( p < 0 . 02 ) ; water absorption from RS-ORS ( 181 . 8 ( 168 . 5-193 . 8 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 195 . 7 ( 179 . 3-207 . 9 ) ) was similar but less than from HYPO-ORS ( 241 . 3 ( 230 . 6-279 . 7 ) ; p < 0 . 005 ) . In the secreting intestine , all ORS reversed net secretion of fluid to net absorption ; the hypotonic solutions , HYPO-ORS ( 105 . 2 ( 95 . 2-111 ) ) , RS-ORS ( 127 . 7 ( 118 . 3-169 . 4 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 133 . 7 ( 122 . 1-174 . 5 ) ) , produced more water absorption ( p < 0 . 005 ) than the hypertonic solutions WHO-ORS ( 47 . 1 ( 29-75 . 9 ) ) and UK-ORS ( 24 . 9 ( 18 . 4-29 . 4 ) ) . The rice based ions promoted most water absorption in secreting intestine ( p < 0 . 007 ) . These data indicate that low osmolality is of primary importance in mediating the increased water absorption from cereal based ORS .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Nutrient and nutritional evaluation of sinasin prepared in two ways .
| | Author: Chibuzo EC Godowoli FA Kure RJ .
| | Journal: Year: 1996 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8811727 Accession (PMID): 8811727 | | Abstract: Two types of sinasin , a rice-based fermented kanuri flat bread , were prepared and evaluated for their nutrient content and nutritional qualities .
The preparation of the sinasin entailed using traditional and developed methods .
The nutritional qualities of the products were evaluated in Wistar-strain albino rats using the Food Efficiency Ratio ( FER ) , and Protein Efficiency Ratio ( PER ) methods .
There was a higher protein content ( 11 . 11 percent ) in the traditional sinasin than in the developed sinasin ( 9 . 93 percent ) .
However , a one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in FER , but a significantly different mean PER ( p < 0 . 01 ) of 1 . 3 and 1 . 5 for the traditional and developed sinasin respectively .
The two methods of preparation of the sinasin , their nutrient composition and nutritional qualities are described in this paper . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Two types of sinasin , a rice-based fermented kanuri flat bread , were prepared and evaluated for their nutrient content and nutritional qualities . The preparation of the sinasin entailed using traditional and developed methods . The nutritional qualities of the products were evaluated in Wistar-strain albino rats using the Food Efficiency Ratio ( FER ) , and Protein Efficiency Ratio ( PER ) methods . There was a higher protein content ( 11 . 11 percent ) in the traditional sinasin than in the developed sinasin ( 9 . 93 percent ) . However , a one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in FER , but a significantly different mean PER ( p < 0 . 01 ) of 1 . 3 and 1 . 5 for the traditional and developed sinasin respectively . The two methods of preparation of the sinasin , their nutrient composition and nutritional qualities are described in this paper .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Genetics of hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in an intersubspecific rice ( Oryza sativa L ) population .
| | Author: Li Z Pinson SR Paterson AH Park WD Stansel JW .
| | Journal: Genetics Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9093864 Accession (PMID): 9093864 | | Abstract: F1 hybrid sterility and "hybrid breakdown" of F2 and later generations in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) are common and genetically complicated .
We used a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map and F4 progeny testing to investigate hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in a cross between "widely compatible" O sativa ssp . japonica cultivar Lemont from the Southern US and ssp . indica cultivar Teqing from China .
Our results implicate different genetic mechanisms in hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown , respectively .
Hybrid sterility appeared to be due to recombination within a number of putative differentiated "supergenes" in the rice genome , which may reflect cryptic structural rearrangements .
The cytoplasmic genome had a large effect on fertility of both male and female gametes in the F1 hybrids .
There appeared to be a pair of complementary genes that behaved like "wide compatibility" genes .
This pair of genes and the "gamete eliminator" ( S1 ) or "egg killer" ( S-5 ) may influence the phenotypic effects of presumed supergenes in hybrids .
Hybrid breakdown appeared to be largely due to incompatibilities between indica and japonica alleles at many unlinked epistatic loci in the genome .
These proposed mechanisms may partly account for the complicated nature of postreproductive barriers in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: F1 hybrid sterility and "hybrid breakdown" of F2 and later generations in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) are common and genetically complicated . We used a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map and F4 progeny testing to investigate hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in a cross between "widely compatible" O sativa ssp . japonica cultivar Lemont from the Southern US and ssp . indica cultivar Teqing from China . Our results implicate different genetic mechanisms in hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown , respectively . Hybrid sterility appeared to be due to recombination within a number of putative differentiated "supergenes" in the rice genome , which may reflect cryptic structural rearrangements . The cytoplasmic genome had a large effect on fertility of both male and female gametes in the F1 hybrids . There appeared to be a pair of complementary genes that behaved like "wide compatibility" genes . This pair of genes and the "gamete eliminator" ( S1 ) or "egg killer" ( S-5 ) may influence the phenotypic effects of presumed supergenes in hybrids . Hybrid breakdown appeared to be largely due to incompatibilities between indica and japonica alleles at many unlinked epistatic loci in the genome . These proposed mechanisms may partly account for the complicated nature of postreproductive barriers in rice .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: F1 hybrid sterility and "hybrid breakdown" of F2 and later generations in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) are common and genetically complicated . We used a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map and F4 progeny testing to investigate hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in a cross between "widely compatible" O sativa ssp . japonica cultivar Lemont from the Southern US and ssp . indica cultivar Teqing from China . Our results implicate different genetic mechanisms in hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown , respectively . Hybrid sterility appeared to be due to recombination within a number of putative differentiated "supergenes" in the rice genome , which may reflect cryptic structural rearrangements . The cytoplasmic genome had a large effect on fertility of both male and female gametes in the F1 hybrids . There appeared to be a pair of complementary genes that behaved like "wide compatibility" genes . This pair of genes and the "gamete eliminator" ( S1 ) or "egg killer" ( S-5 ) may influence the phenotypic effects of presumed supergenes in hybrids . Hybrid breakdown appeared to be largely due to incompatibilities between indica and japonica alleles at many unlinked epistatic loci in the genome . These proposed mechanisms may partly account for the complicated nature of postreproductive barriers in rice .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Introduction and expression of the cry1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis in a cereal-associated bacterium , Bacillus polymyxa .
| | Author: Sudha SN Jayakumar R Sekar V | | Journal: Curr . Microbiol . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9922467 Accession (PMID): 9922467 | | Abstract: The abilities of Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus thuringiensis to survive on the rice phyllospere were compared ; it was found that B polymyxa colonizes the crop better .
This study also showed that B polymyxa inoculation to rice plants increased the shoot and the root growth of the crop .
Efforts were made to introduce the cry1Ac gene of B thuringiensis subsp . kurstaki into B polymyxa so that the application of such transgenic B polymyxa strains would prove to be dually beneficial to rice crops both as a biopesticide and as a biofertilizer .
Immunoblot analysis of the recombinant organism containing the cry1Ac gene , strain BP113 , indicated efficient expression of this gene in the heterologous host Bioassays with the first instar larvae of the yellow stem borer of rice ( Scirpophaga incertulas ) revealed that the protein preparations from BP113 were toxic . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The abilities of Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus thuringiensis to survive on the rice phyllospere were compared ; it was found that B polymyxa colonizes the crop better . This study also showed that B polymyxa inoculation to rice plants increased the shoot and the root growth of the crop . Efforts were made to introduce the cry1Ac gene of B thuringiensis subsp . kurstaki into B polymyxa so that the application of such transgenic B polymyxa strains would prove to be dually beneficial to rice crops both as a biopesticide and as a biofertilizer . Immunoblot analysis of the recombinant organism containing the cry1Ac gene , strain BP113 , indicated efficient expression of this gene in the heterologous host Bioassays with the first instar larvae of the yellow stem borer of rice ( Scirpophaga incertulas ) revealed that the protein preparations from BP113 were toxic .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The abilities of Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus thuringiensis to survive on the rice phyllospere were compared ; it was found that B polymyxa colonizes the crop better . This study also showed that B polymyxa inoculation to rice plants increased the shoot and the root growth of the crop . Efforts were made to introduce the cry1Ac gene of B thuringiensis subsp . kurstaki into B polymyxa so that the application of such transgenic B polymyxa strains would prove to be dually beneficial to rice crops both as a biopesticide and as a biofertilizer . Immunoblot analysis of the recombinant organism containing the cry1Ac gene , strain BP113 , indicated efficient expression of this gene in the heterologous host Bioassays with the first instar larvae of the yellow stem borer of rice ( Scirpophaga incertulas ) revealed that the protein preparations from BP113 were toxic .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feedstuffs for broilers .
| | Author: Ravindran V Cabahug S Ravindran G Bryden WL .
| | Journal: Poult . Sci . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10228966 Accession (PMID): 10228966 | | Abstract: The influence of microbial phytase on the ileal amino acid digestibilities in three cereals ( corn , sorghum , and wheat ) , four oilseed meals ( soybean meal , canola meal , cottonseed meal , and sunflower meal ) and two cereal by-products ( wheat middlings and rice polishings ) was determined using 5-wk-old broilers .
Supplementation of microbial phytase ( 1 , 200 FTU/kg ) improved ( P < 0 . 001 to 0 . 10 ) the digestibilities of protein and amino acids in all feedstuffs , but the magnitude of response varied depending on the feedstuff and the amino acid considered .
Mean digestibility of the 15 amino acids in the feedstuffs without and with phytase were : corn , 78 . 0 and 80 . 4% ; sorghum , 74 . 7 and 79 . 4% ; wheat , 77 . 7 and 84 . 6% ; soybean meal , 82 . 2 and 85 . 5% ; canola meal , 78 . 7 and 80 . 7% ; cottonseed meal , 70 . 8 and 74 . 2% ; sunflower meal , 76 . 7 and 80 . 2% ; wheat middlings , 70 . 8 and 73 . 4% ; and rice polishings 62 . 1 and 66 . 9% , respectively .
When individual amino acids were considered , the increments in digestibility were relatively higher for threonine and valine .
This effect was consistent across all feedstuffs .
The observed variations in response among feedstuffs were influenced by the inherent protein digestibility , but not by dietary phytic acid concentration .
No correlations were determined between the dietary concentrations of phytic acid and phytase responses in terms of protein digestibility ( r = 0 . 20 ; P > 0 . 31 ) and mean amino acid digestibility ( r = 0 . 12 ; P > 0 . 51 ) ; however a significant negative correlation was observed between inherent protein digestibility and phytase responses in protein digestibility ( r = -0 . 42 ; P < 0 . 03 ) .
It appears that solubilities of phytate salts and protein , and their influence on the degree of phytate-protein complexing in different feedstuffs , may be more relevant than total phytic acid concentrations .
Interestingly , dietary phytic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with inherent protein ( r = -0 . 81 ; P < 0 . 001 ) and mean amino acid ( r = -0 . 85 ; P < 0 . 001 ) digestibilities of the feedstuffs evaluated in this study .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The influence of microbial phytase on the ileal amino acid digestibilities in three cereals ( corn , sorghum , and wheat ) , four oilseed meals ( soybean meal , canola meal , cottonseed meal , and sunflower meal ) and two cereal by-products ( wheat middlings and rice polishings ) was determined using 5-wk-old broilers . Supplementation of microbial phytase ( 1 , 200 FTU/kg ) improved ( P < 0 . 001 to 0 . 10 ) the digestibilities of protein and amino acids in all feedstuffs , but the magnitude of response varied depending on the feedstuff and the amino acid considered . Mean digestibility of the 15 amino acids in the feedstuffs without and with phytase were : corn , 78 . 0 and 80 . 4% ; sorghum , 74 . 7 and 79 . 4% ; wheat , 77 . 7 and 84 . 6% ; soybean meal , 82 . 2 and 85 . 5% ; canola meal , 78 . 7 and 80 . 7% ; cottonseed meal , 70 . 8 and 74 . 2% ; sunflower meal , 76 . 7 and 80 . 2% ; wheat middlings , 70 . 8 and 73 . 4% ; and rice polishings 62 . 1 and 66 . 9% , respectively . When individual amino acids were considered , the increments in digestibility were relatively higher for threonine and valine . This effect was consistent across all feedstuffs . The observed variations in response among feedstuffs were influenced by the inherent protein digestibility , but not by dietary phytic acid concentration . No correlations were determined between the dietary concentrations of phytic acid and phytase responses in terms of protein digestibility ( r = 0 . 20 ; P > 0 . 31 ) and mean amino acid digestibility ( r = 0 . 12 ; P > 0 . 51 ) ; however a significant negative correlation was observed between inherent protein digestibility and phytase responses in protein digestibility ( r = -0 . 42 ; P < 0 . 03 ) . It appears that solubilities of phytate salts and protein , and their influence on the degree of phytate-protein complexing in different feedstuffs , may be more relevant than total phytic acid concentrations . Interestingly , dietary phytic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with inherent protein ( r = -0 . 81 ; P < 0 . 001 ) and mean amino acid ( r = -0 . 85 ; P < 0 . 001 ) digestibilities of the feedstuffs evaluated in this study .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
| | Author: Kim HM Kang CS Lee EH Shin TY .
| | Journal: Pharmacol . Res . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10378987 Accession (PMID): 10378987 | | Abstract: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis .
OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats .
When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner .
OSHT ( 0 .
001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
The level of cAMP in RPMC , when OSHT was added , significantly increased approx .
20-fold compared with that of basal cells .
These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis . OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats . When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner . OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE . Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE . The level of cAMP in RPMC , when OSHT was added , significantly increased approx . 20-fold compared with that of basal cells . These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the small intestine .
| | Author: Negri E Bosetti C La Vecchia C Fioretti F Conti E Franceschi S | | Journal: Int .
J Cancer Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10389747 Accession (PMID): 10389747 | | Abstract: We have investigated the relation between alcohol , tobacco and dietary habits and risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine using data from 2 hospital-based case-control studies on intestinal cancers conducted in 6 Italian centres between 1985 and 1996 .
Cases were 23 patients below age 75 years with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine .
Controls were 230 patients admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute , non-neoplastic , non-digestive tract diseases , matched to cases on sex , age , study and centre .
Odds ratios ( ORs ) were estimated using conditional logistic regression .
Alcohol and tobacco consumption did not increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine .
The risk appeared to be directly related to intake of bread , pasta or rice ( OR = 3 . 8 ) , sugar ( OR = 2 . 9 ) and red meat ( OR = 4 . 6 ) , and inversely to coffee ( OR = 0 . 4 ) , fish ( OR = 0 . 3 ) , vegetables ( OR = 0 . 3 ) and fruit ( OR = 0 . 6 ) .
Our results suggest that dietary correlates of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine are similar to those of colon cancer and at least of the same magnitude .
While the present data are inconsistent with a major effect of tobacco or alcohol , a moderate association between these factors and small bowel cancer may have been obscured by the play of chance .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have investigated the relation between alcohol , tobacco and dietary habits and risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine using data from 2 hospital-based case-control studies on intestinal cancers conducted in 6 Italian centres between 1985 and 1996 . Cases were 23 patients below age 75 years with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine . Controls were 230 patients admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute , non-neoplastic , non-digestive tract diseases , matched to cases on sex , age , study and centre . Odds ratios ( ORs ) were estimated using conditional logistic regression . Alcohol and tobacco consumption did not increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine . The risk appeared to be directly related to intake of bread , pasta or rice ( OR = 3 . 8 ) , sugar ( OR = 2 . 9 ) and red meat ( OR = 4 . 6 ) , and inversely to coffee ( OR = 0 . 4 ) , fish ( OR = 0 . 3 ) , vegetables ( OR = 0 . 3 ) and fruit ( OR = 0 . 6 ) . Our results suggest that dietary correlates of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine are similar to those of colon cancer and at least of the same magnitude . While the present data are inconsistent with a major effect of tobacco or alcohol , a moderate association between these factors and small bowel cancer may have been obscured by the play of chance .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cloning and partial characterization of the proteasome S4 ATPase from Plasmodium falciparum .
| | Author: Certad G Abrahem A Georges E | | Journal: Exp . Parasitol . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10529354 Accession (PMID): 10529354 | | Abstract: Certad , G , Abrahem , A , and Georges , E 1999 .
Cloning and Partial characterization of the proteasome S4 ATPase from Plasmodium falciparum .
Experimental Parasitology 93 , 123-131 .
The ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway mediates the nonlysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins in eukaryotic cells .
The activities of this pathway have been shown to regulate cell growth and differentiation through modulation of regulatory proteins .
The proteasome is a large complex consisting of two multisubunit structures , the 20S and 19S ( PA700 ) or P28 complexes , that combine to form the 26S particles .
In this study , we describe the cloning of a cDNA encoding the proteasome subunit 4 ATPase homologue from Plasmodium falciparum ( PFS4 ) .
Analysis of the PFS4 cDNA sequence shows an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 455 amino acids .
Moreover , comparison of PFS4 cDNA sequence to that of genomic fragments encoding PFS4 showed identical sequences with no detectable introns .
Database searches revealed a high sequence identity to those of rice , yeast , mouse , Drosophila , and human S4 ATPases .
However , PFS4 contains two unique inserts of nine and seven amino acid residues in the N-terminal domain .
Interestingly , only the rice S4 contains the latter ( seven amino acids ) insert with four identical amino acids .
In vitro expression of the full-length cDNA encoding the PFS4 , using a transcription-translation-coupled reticulocyte lysate , shows a 50-kDa [ ( 35 ) S ] methionine-labeled protein which was immunoprecipitated with PFS4 anti-peptide antiserum .
Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA digests shows a single gene copy of PFS4 in P falciparum .
Of interest was the effect of the proteasome-specific natural product , lactacystin , on the growth of the parasite , with IC ( 50 ) values of 0 . 6-0 . 92 microM .
The latter IC ( 50 ) values of lactacystin for different clones of P falciparum are comparable to those obtained for mammalian cell lines ( 0 . 65 microM ) , suggesting the presence of a conserved proteasome complex Moreover , lactacystin was equally toxic to drug-sensitive and resistant parasites .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 15, subscore: 1.00 ]: The proteasome is a large complex consisting of two multisubunit structures , the 20S and 19S ( PA700 ) or P28 complexes , that combine to form the 26S particles . In this study , we describe the cloning of a cDNA encoding the proteasome subunit 4 ATPase homologue from Plasmodium falciparum ( PFS4 ) . Analysis of the PFS4 cDNA sequence shows an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 455 amino acids . Moreover , comparison of PFS4 cDNA sequence to that of genomic fragments encoding PFS4 showed identical sequences with no detectable introns . Database searches revealed a high sequence identity to those of rice , yeast , mouse , Drosophila , and human S4 ATPases . However , PFS4 contains two unique inserts of nine and seven amino acid residues in the N-terminal domain . Interestingly , only the rice S4 contains the latter ( seven amino acids ) insert with four identical amino acids . In vitro expression of the full-length cDNA encoding the PFS4 , using a transcription-translation-coupled reticulocyte lysate , shows a 50-kDa [ ( 35 ) S ] methionine-labeled protein which was immunoprecipitated with PFS4 anti-peptide antiserum . Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA digests shows a single gene copy of PFS4 in P falciparum . Of interest was the effect of the proteasome-specific natural product , lactacystin , on the growth of the parasite , with IC ( 50 ) values of 0 . 6-0 . 92 microM . The latter IC ( 50 ) values of lactacystin for different clones of P falciparum are comparable to those obtained for mammalian cell lines ( 0 . 65 microM ) , suggesting the presence of a conserved proteasome complex Moreover , lactacystin was equally toxic to drug-sensitive and resistant parasites .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A mitogen-activated protein kinase of the corn leaf pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus is involved in conidiation , appressorium formation , and pathogenicity : diverse roles for mitogen-activated protein kinase homologs in foliar pathogens .
| | Author: Lev S Sharon A Hadar R Ma H Horwitz BA .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10557357 Accession (PMID): 10557357 | | Abstract: Fungal pathogens perceive and respond to molecules from the plant , triggering pathogenic development .
Transduction of these signals may use heterotrimeric G proteins , and it is thought that protein phosphorylation cascades are also important .
We have isolated a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog from the corn pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus to test its role as a component of the transduction pathways .
The new gene , CHK1 , has a deduced amino acid sequence 90% identical to Pmk1 of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and 59% identical to Fus3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
A series of chk1 deletion mutants has poorly developed aerial hyphae , autolysis , and no conidia .
No pseudothecia are formed when a cross between two Deltachk1 mutants is attempted .
The ability of Deltachk1 mutants to infect corn plants is reduced severely .
The growth pattern of hyphae on a glass surface is strikingly altered from that of the wild type , forming coils or loops , but no appressoria .
This set of phenotypes overlaps only partially with that of pmk1 mutants , the homologous gene of the rice blast fungus .
In particular , sexual and asexual sporulation both require Chk1 function in Cochliobolus heterostrophus , in contrast to Pmk1 , but perhaps more similar to yeast , where Fus3 transmits the mating signal Chk1 is required for efficient colonization of leaf it issue , which can be compared with filamentous invasive growth of yeast , modulated through another closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase , Kss1 .
Ubiquitous signaling elements thus are used in diverse ways in different plant pathogens , perhaps the result of coevolution of the transducers and their targets .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fungal pathogens perceive and respond to molecules from the plant , triggering pathogenic development . Transduction of these signals may use heterotrimeric G proteins , and it is thought that protein phosphorylation cascades are also important . We have isolated a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog from the corn pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus to test its role as a component of the transduction pathways . The new gene , CHK1 , has a deduced amino acid sequence 90% identical to Pmk1 of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and 59% identical to Fus3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . A series of chk1 deletion mutants has poorly developed aerial hyphae , autolysis , and no conidia . No pseudothecia are formed when a cross between two Deltachk1 mutants is attempted . The ability of Deltachk1 mutants to infect corn plants is reduced severely . The growth pattern of hyphae on a glass surface is strikingly altered from that of the wild type , forming coils or loops , but no appressoria . This set of phenotypes overlaps only partially with that of pmk1 mutants , the homologous gene of the rice blast fungus . In particular , sexual and asexual sporulation both require Chk1 function in Cochliobolus heterostrophus , in contrast to Pmk1 , but perhaps more similar to yeast , where Fus3 transmits the mating signal Chk1 is required for efficient colonization of leaf it issue , which can be compared with filamentous invasive growth of yeast , modulated through another closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase , Kss1 . Ubiquitous signaling elements thus are used in diverse ways in different plant pathogens , perhaps the result of coevolution of the transducers and their targets .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The stability of ascorbic acid microencapsulated in granules of rice starch and in gum arabic .
| | Author: Trindade MA Grosso CR .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10738692 Accession (PMID): 10738692 | | Abstract: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials .
The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing .
For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate .
The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules .
The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns .
The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying .
The stability of the encapsulated materials was studied at room temperature ( RH 60-65% ) and at 45 degrees C ( RH 60-65% and 90 . 7% ) .
AA microencapsulated in gum arabic was shown to be as stable as free crystalline AA under environmental conditions , whereas that encapsulated in rice starch was less stable .
Increasing the amount of the binding agent gelatin increased the stability of the uncovered starch encapsulated AA .
Recovery with calcium pectate notably increased the stability of the starch encapsulated AA , as compared to the uncovered samples .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials . The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing . For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate . The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules . The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns . The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying . The stability of the encapsulated materials was studied at room temperature ( RH 60-65% ) and at 45 degrees C ( RH 60-65% and 90 . 7% ) . AA microencapsulated in gum arabic was shown to be as stable as free crystalline AA under environmental conditions , whereas that encapsulated in rice starch was less stable . Increasing the amount of the binding agent gelatin increased the stability of the uncovered starch encapsulated AA . Recovery with calcium pectate notably increased the stability of the starch encapsulated AA , as compared to the uncovered samples .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Tethered flight activity of Nephotettix virescens ( Hemiptera : cicadellidae ) in the Philippines .
| | Author: Cooter RJ Winder D Chancellor TC .
| | Journal: Bull . Entomol . Res . Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10948363 Accession (PMID): 10948363 | | Abstract: The flight potential of Nephotettix virescens ( Distant ) , the most important vector of rice tungro virus disease , was assessed using tethered flight techniques .
Most individuals tested were not willing to fly in response to stimulation , or flew for very short times .
A small proportion of leafhoppers flew for long periods and one female flew for almost 7 h , indicating the potential for long distance dispersal of insects and inoculum .
Few individuals flew before four days of age and thereafter flight profiles were similar for insects aged between four and 12 days .
Mature females were more flight willing when kept as adults in mixed groups with males than when caged separately .
There was no consistent effect on flight performance when insects were reared on rice varieties with different levels of leafhopper resistance .
The flight activity of N virescens was greater when leafhoppers were reared on mature , compared with young , rice plants .
Leafhoppers reared through one generation on tungro-diseased rice plants were less willing to fly than individuals maintained on healthy plants of the same age and variety , whereas those tested after a 24-h access period to tungro-diseased plants were more flight-willing .
The results are discussed in relation to the spread of tungro and to management interventions for the control of the disease .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The flight potential of Nephotettix virescens ( Distant ) , the most important vector of rice tungro virus disease , was assessed using tethered flight techniques . Most individuals tested were not willing to fly in response to stimulation , or flew for very short times . A small proportion of leafhoppers flew for long periods and one female flew for almost 7 h , indicating the potential for long distance dispersal of insects and inoculum . Few individuals flew before four days of age and thereafter flight profiles were similar for insects aged between four and 12 days . Mature females were more flight willing when kept as adults in mixed groups with males than when caged separately . There was no consistent effect on flight performance when insects were reared on rice varieties with different levels of leafhopper resistance . The flight activity of N virescens was greater when leafhoppers were reared on mature , compared with young , rice plants . Leafhoppers reared through one generation on tungro-diseased rice plants were less willing to fly than individuals maintained on healthy plants of the same age and variety , whereas those tested after a 24-h access period to tungro-diseased plants were more flight-willing . The results are discussed in relation to the spread of tungro and to management interventions for the control of the disease .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Use of a nonionic detergent ( Triton WR 1339 ) in healthy cats to assess hepatic secretion of triglyceride .
| | Author: Hall JA Gradin JL Andreasen CB Wander RC .
| | Journal: Am .
J Vet . Res . Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10951988 Accession (PMID): 10951988 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To determine whether a nonionic detergent ( Triton WR 1339 ) can be used in cats to assess hepatic secretion of triglyceride .
ANIMALS : 28 healthy cats .
PROCEDURE : Triton WR 1339 was administered IV according to the following schedule : 5 , 50 , 150 , and 250 mg/kg of body weight .
Control cats did not receive an injection or received 0 . 9% NaCl or PBS solutions at the same osmolarity and volume as the 250 mg/kg group .
Blood samples were collected throughout the 48-hour period after administration for determination of triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and for RBC morphology and osmotic fragility studies .
RESULTS : Administration of Triton WR 1339 at 150 and 250 mg/kg caused profound hypertriglyceridemia .
Triglyceride concentrations increased in a curvilinear fashion for the first 2 hours and remained increased for approximately 24 hours .
Area under the time-concentration curve for triglyceride at 5 hours differed significantly among groups .
At 12 and 24 hours , cholesterol was significantly higher in cats receiving 250 mg/kg .
The most dramatic changes in osmotic fragility and RBC morphology were in cats receiving 250 mg/kg ; 1 of these cats developed severe icterus and died 5 days later .
Feeding rice and casein before administering Triton WR 1339 at 150 mg/kg did not appear to affect the hypertriglyceridemia response .
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Triton WR 1339 can be administered IV to cats at a rate of 150 mg/kg to assess hepatic triglyceride secretion , although some cats may have increased RBC osmotic fragility .
Higher dosages caused substantial adverse effects , whereas lower dosages did not alter plasma triglyceride concentration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Control cats did not receive an injection or received 0 . 9% NaCl or PBS solutions at the same osmolarity and volume as the 250 mg/kg group . Blood samples were collected throughout the 48-hour period after administration for determination of triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and for RBC morphology and osmotic fragility studies . RESULTS : Administration of Triton WR 1339 at 150 and 250 mg/kg caused profound hypertriglyceridemia . Triglyceride concentrations increased in a curvilinear fashion for the first 2 hours and remained increased for approximately 24 hours . Area under the time-concentration curve for triglyceride at 5 hours differed significantly among groups . At 12 and 24 hours , cholesterol was significantly higher in cats receiving 250 mg/kg . The most dramatic changes in osmotic fragility and RBC morphology were in cats receiving 250 mg/kg ; 1 of these cats developed severe icterus and died 5 days later . Feeding rice and casein before administering Triton WR 1339 at 150 mg/kg did not appear to affect the hypertriglyceridemia response . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Triton WR 1339 can be administered IV to cats at a rate of 150 mg/kg to assess hepatic triglyceride secretion , although some cats may have increased RBC osmotic fragility . Higher dosages caused substantial adverse effects , whereas lower dosages did not alter plasma triglyceride concentration .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Trace Metals abnormalities in hemodialysis patients : relationship with medications .
| | Author: Lee SH Huang JW Hung KY Leu LJ Kan YT Yang CS Chung Wu D Huang CL Chen PY Chen JS Chen WY .
| | Journal: Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11119069 Accession (PMID): 11119069 | | Abstract: A multicenter collaborative study was performed to investigate the prevalence of abnormal blood contents of 6 trace metals , copper ( Cu ) , zinc ( Zn ) , aluminum ( Al ) , lead ( Pb ) , cadmium ( Cd ) , and mercury ( Hg ) , in hemodialysis ( HD ) patients and to analyze their relationship with the medications , such as CaCO3 , Ca acetate , Al containing phosphate-binding agents , 1 , 25-dihydroxy vitD3 , 1-hydroxy vitD3 , and erythropoietin ( EPO ) , as well as hematocrit level , by chi-square statistics .
From 6 medical centers in Taiwan , we included 456 patients in maintenance HD for more than 4 months for this study , and they had continued the previously mentioned medications for at least 3 months .
Blood samples were collected before initiating HD , and atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to measure plasma levels of Cu , Zn , and Al as well as whole blood levels of Pb , Cd , and Hg .
Three hundred seventy-five ( 78% ) of the HD patients had low plasma Zn levels , that is , <800 microg/L , and the mean ( +/-SD ) concentration was 705 . 8 ( +/-128 . 23 ) microg/L in all subjects .
One hundred forty-one ( 31% ) of the HD patients had high plasma Al , that is , >50 microg/L , and the mean ( +/-SD ) was 44 . 30 ( +/-28 . 28 ) microg/L in all subjects .
Three hundred thirty-three ( 73% ) of the dialysis patients had high Cd levels , that is , >2 . 5 microg/L , and the mean ( +/-SD ) was 3 . 32 ( +/-1 . 49 ) microg/L in all subjects .
The majority of HD patients had normal blood levels of Cu , PB , and Hg .
Only 21 ( 4 .
6% ) , 5 ( 1 . 1% ) , and 3 ( 0 . 06% ) patients had elevated blood levels of Cu , Pb , and Hg , respectively .
Their mean ( +/-SD ) blood concentration of Cu , Pb , and Hg were 1 , 049 . 78 ( +/-233 . 25 ) microg/L , 7 . 45 ( +/-3 . 95 ) microg/dL , and 3 . 17 ( +/-25 . 56 ) microg/L , respectively .
Three patients had elevated plasma Hg concentrations , that is , 546 , 12 . 6 , and 24 . 0 microg/L , respectively .
In the 152 normal healthy age and sex matched control group , the blood levels of Al , Cd , and Pb were all significantly lower than the HD patients .
However , the levels of Cu and Zn were higher in the control group .
The Hg level was not significantly different in both groups .
There was no statistical difference between patients with normal and abnormal blood levels of trace metals in various medications except Al containing phosphate binder .
The Al containing phosphate binder users had significantly higher plasma Al levels ( 54 . 71 +/- 26 . 70 versus 41 . 15 +/- 28 . 03 microg/L , p < 0 . 001 ) and hematocrit levels ( 29 . 61 +/- 4 . 61 versus 27 .
81 +/- 3 . 91 , p < 0 . 0005 ) .
There was no statistical correlation between erythropoietin ( EPO ) dose and hematocrit level in these patients .
In conclusion , the blood level of trace metals of these HD patients except Al was not related to their medications .
However , caution must be exercised in interpreting this result as dose and duration of medication ; efficiency of HD and water treatment may play an important role .
Otherwise , environmental factors , diet , and the aging process may contribute to the trace metal burden in uremia .
Thus , Zn and Cu are abundant in seafood , and Cd is abundant in contaminated plants such as rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three patients had elevated plasma Hg concentrations , that is , 546 , 12 . 6 , and 24 . 0 microg/L , respectively . In the 152 normal healthy age and sex matched control group , the blood levels of Al , Cd , and Pb were all significantly lower than the HD patients . However , the levels of Cu and Zn were higher in the control group . The Hg level was not significantly different in both groups . There was no statistical difference between patients with normal and abnormal blood levels of trace metals in various medications except Al containing phosphate binder . The Al containing phosphate binder users had significantly higher plasma Al levels ( 54 . 71 +/- 26 . 70 versus 41 . 15 +/- 28 . 03 microg/L , p < 0 . 001 ) and hematocrit levels ( 29 . 61 +/- 4 . 61 versus 27 . 81 +/- 3 . 91 , p < 0 . 0005 ) . There was no statistical correlation between erythropoietin ( EPO ) dose and hematocrit level in these patients . In conclusion , the blood level of trace metals of these HD patients except Al was not related to their medications . However , caution must be exercised in interpreting this result as dose and duration of medication ; efficiency of HD and water treatment may play an important role . Otherwise , environmental factors , diet , and the aging process may contribute to the trace metal burden in uremia . Thus , Zn and Cu are abundant in seafood , and Cd is abundant in contaminated plants such as rice .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Role of a ferredoxin gene cotranscribed with the nifHDK operon in N ( 2 ) fixation and nitrogenase "switch-off" of Azoarcus sp . strain BH72 .
| | Author: Egener T Martin DE Sarkar A Reinhold-Hurek B | | Journal: J Bacteriol .
Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11371540 Accession (PMID): 11371540 | | Abstract: The endophytic diazotroph Azoarcus sp . strain BH72 is capable of infecting rice roots and of expressing the nitrogenase ( nif ) genes there .
In order to study the genetic background for nitrogen fixation in strain BH72 , the structural genes of nitrogenase ( nifHDK ) were cloned and sequenced .
The sequence analysis revealed an unusual gene organization : downstream of nifHDK , a ferredoxin gene ( fdxN ; 59% amino acid sequence identity to R capsulatus FdxN ) and open reading frames showing 52 and 36% amino acid sequence identity to nifY of Pseudomonas stutzeri A15 and ORF1 of Azotobacter vinelandii were located .
Northern blot analysis , reverse transcriptase PCR and primer extension analysis revealed that these six genes are located on one transcript transcribed from a sigma ( 54 ) -type promoter .
Shorter transcripts sequentially missing genes of the 3 part of the full-length mRNA were more abundantly detected .
Mutational analyses suggested that FdxN is an important but not the essential electron donor for dinitrogenase reductase .
An in-frame deletion of fdxN resulted in reduced growth rates ( 59% +/- 9% ) and nitrogenase activities ( 81% ) in nitrogen-fixing pure cultures in comparison to the wild type .
Nitrogenase activity was fully complemented in an fdxN mutant which carried a nifH promoter-driven fdxN gene in trans .
Also , in coculture with the ascomycete Acremonium alternatum , where strain BH72 develops intracytoplasmic membrane stacks , the nitrogenase activity in the fdxN deletion mutant was decreased to 56% of the wild-type level .
Surprisingly , the fdxN deletion also had an effect on the rapid "switch-off" of nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium .
Wild-type strain BH72 and the deletion mutant complemented with fdxN in trans showed a rapid reversible inactivation of acetylene reduction , while the deletion mutant did not cease to reduce acetylene .
In concordance with the hypothesis that changes in the redox state of NifH or electron flux towards nitrogenase may be involved in the mechanism of physiological nitrogenase switch-off , our results suggest that the ferredoxin may be a component involved in this process .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The endophytic diazotroph Azoarcus sp . strain BH72 is capable of infecting rice roots and of expressing the nitrogenase ( nif ) genes there . In order to study the genetic background for nitrogen fixation in strain BH72 , the structural genes of nitrogenase ( nifHDK ) were cloned and sequenced . The sequence analysis revealed an unusual gene organization : downstream of nifHDK , a ferredoxin gene ( fdxN ; 59% amino acid sequence identity to R capsulatus FdxN ) and open reading frames showing 52 and 36% amino acid sequence identity to nifY of Pseudomonas stutzeri A15 and ORF1 of Azotobacter vinelandii were located . Northern blot analysis , reverse transcriptase PCR and primer extension analysis revealed that these six genes are located on one transcript transcribed from a sigma ( 54 ) -type promoter . Shorter transcripts sequentially missing genes of the 3 part of the full-length mRNA were more abundantly detected . Mutational analyses suggested that FdxN is an important but not the essential electron donor for dinitrogenase reductase . An in-frame deletion of fdxN resulted in reduced growth rates ( 59% +/- 9% ) and nitrogenase activities ( 81% ) in nitrogen-fixing pure cultures in comparison to the wild type . Nitrogenase activity was fully complemented in an fdxN mutant which carried a nifH promoter-driven fdxN gene in trans . Also , in coculture with the ascomycete Acremonium alternatum , where strain BH72 develops intracytoplasmic membrane stacks , the nitrogenase activity in the fdxN deletion mutant was decreased to 56% of the wild-type level . Surprisingly , the fdxN deletion also had an effect on the rapid "switch-off" of nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium . Wild-type strain BH72 and the deletion mutant complemented with fdxN in trans showed a rapid reversible inactivation of acetylene reduction , while the deletion mutant did not cease to reduce acetylene . In concordance with the hypothesis that changes in the redox state of NifH or electron flux towards nitrogenase may be involved in the mechanism of physiological nitrogenase switch-off , our results suggest that the ferredoxin may be a component involved in this process .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Is the link between nutrients and foods understood?
The case of fibre and folate .
| | Author: Cashel KM Crawford D Deakin V Talbot B | | Journal: Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11527516 Accession (PMID): 11527516 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : To assess and contrast awareness of the link between dietary fibre and folate and their major food sources ( fruit , vegetables , bread and cereals ) .
DESIGN : Mailed questionnaire investigating changes made to dietary intake of fibre , folate , fruit , vegetables , bread and cereals in the previous six months .
SETTING : The survey was conducted between June and November 1998 in the Australian Capital Territory .
SUBJECTS : One thousand one hundred and twenty-six adults randomly selected from the electoral roll .
RESULTS : More women than men in both older ( 50+ years ) and younger ( 18-49 years ) age groups reported increasing their consumption of folate , fibre , fruit and vegetables in the prior six months .
In contrast , more men than women reported increased consumption of bread , cereals , rice and pasta in the previous six months .
For food categories and fibre , less than 4% of respondents were unsure about changes in these food habits .
However , 26% of men and women were not sure about changes to folate intake .
Similar proportions of men and women ( about 33% ) reported consuming more fruit , vegetables or cereal-based foods over the prior six months , yet only 6% of these men and 14% of these women reported consuming more folate .
In contrast , 44% of men and 51% of women who reported consuming more plant foods also reported consuming more dietary fibre .
CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that subjects , particularly the younger age group , had a poor understanding of the relationship between folate intake and its major food sources .
The understanding of the relationship between fibre intake and its food sources appeared substantial , but confusion about specific food sources was still evident .
These outcomes question the effectiveness of nutrition education used to date , particularly for the current priority of increasing folate intake in younger women in the new , health claims environment .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: SUBJECTS : One thousand one hundred and twenty-six adults randomly selected from the electoral roll . RESULTS : More women than men in both older ( 50+ years ) and younger ( 18-49 years ) age groups reported increasing their consumption of folate , fibre , fruit and vegetables in the prior six months . In contrast , more men than women reported increased consumption of bread , cereals , rice and pasta in the previous six months . For food categories and fibre , less than 4% of respondents were unsure about changes in these food habits . However , 26% of men and women were not sure about changes to folate intake . Similar proportions of men and women ( about 33% ) reported consuming more fruit , vegetables or cereal-based foods over the prior six months , yet only 6% of these men and 14% of these women reported consuming more folate . In contrast , 44% of men and 51% of women who reported consuming more plant foods also reported consuming more dietary fibre . CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that subjects , particularly the younger age group , had a poor understanding of the relationship between folate intake and its major food sources . The understanding of the relationship between fibre intake and its food sources appeared substantial , but confusion about specific food sources was still evident . These outcomes question the effectiveness of nutrition education used to date , particularly for the current priority of increasing folate intake in younger women in the new , health claims environment .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Historical sketch of modern pharmaceutical science and technology ( Part 3 ) .
From the second half of the 19th century to World War II ] | | Author: Yamakawa K | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11613518 Accession (PMID): 11613518 | | Abstract: The history of modern pharmaceutical science and technology , from the second half of the 19th century to the end of World War II , is divided into nine sections for the purpose of discussion .
1 .
The European medical and pharmaceutical science and technology at the end of the 19th century is reviewed .
Pharmacology , bacteriology and biochemistry were built in this period .
2 .
The Meiji Government accepted Western medicine and medical law and regulations in 1883 .
Consequently , the Japanese physician changed from Eastern ( Kanpooi ) to Western ( Seiyooi ) .
3 .
Modern scientific and engineering education had been accepted in America , England , Germany , and France etc Foreign scientists and engineers ( Oyatoi-gai-kokujin ) were educated by practice and theory .
The Faculty of Engineering was established in the universities in Japan .
This fact is one of the differences in the history of universities in Europe and America .
4 .
Pharmaceutical education in the Meiji period ( 1873-1911 ) .
Twenty-nine schools of pharmacy were built in this period .
However , 20 schools of pharmacy had been closed .
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical industry was not established in the Meiji era .
5 .
The profession of pharmacist in 1873-1944 .
The policy of medicine was changed by the Meiji Government in 1889 , when Western physicians were allowed to prepare medicines for patients , and this practice continues today .
Political and technological power of Japanese pharmacists was weak , so their role was not estimated .
6 .
Consequences of world War I , and the establishment of the pharmaceutical industry .
The Sino-Japanese War ( 1894-95 ) and Russo-Japanese War ( 1904-05 ) were won fortunately .
The first pharmaceutical company was established in 1885 .
At this times , many pharmaceutical manufacturing companies , which were converted from whole sale merchants , were built .
Then started the manufacturing of commercial drugs .
7 .
Hygienic chemistry and some problems of public hygiene .
The causes of diseses unique to Japan , such as beriberi ( Katuke ) , were searched for in medical and agricultural laboratories .
Dr Suzuki discovered olizanine from rice bran , which was effective for deficiency of vitamin B1 disease .
However , pharmaceutical scientists did not participate in this research .
Hygienic and forensic chemistry were included in pharmaceutical departments .
8 .
Pharmaceutical scientific studies in Europe and Japan in the first half of the 20th century .
The discovery of a drug for the treatment of syphilis by Ehrlich-Hata ( 1889 ) , then chemotherapeutics were started .
Adrenalin , the first isolated hormone , by Takamine ( 1900 ) , after this time many hormones were discovered .
The first Japanese pharmacists who studied abroad studied in Germany and came back to Japan .
Then , they built the pharmaceutical sciences .
Studies on natural products by chemistry and organic chemistry were started .
9 .
Pharmaceutical scientific and technology during 15 Years of War ( 1931-45 ) .
Since 1930 , theoretical organic chemistry was developed in England and America .
The discovery of chemotherapeutics and antibiotics ( sulfonamides and penicillin ) and studies on some vitamins and hormones proceeded during the 15 years of war ( 1931-45 ) at Tokyo and Kyoto Universities , and some institutes in China and Manchuria .
Studies on anti-maralia , sulfonamides and penicillins were carried out .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 30, subscore: 1.00 ]: 6 . Consequences of world War I , and the establishment of the pharmaceutical industry . The Sino-Japanese War ( 1894-95 ) and Russo-Japanese War ( 1904-05 ) were won fortunately . The first pharmaceutical company was established in 1885 . At this times , many pharmaceutical manufacturing companies , which were converted from whole sale merchants , were built . Then started the manufacturing of commercial drugs . 7 . Hygienic chemistry and some problems of public hygiene . The causes of diseses unique to Japan , such as beriberi ( Katuke ) , were searched for in medical and agricultural laboratories . Dr Suzuki discovered olizanine from rice bran , which was effective for deficiency of vitamin B1 disease . However , pharmaceutical scientists did not participate in this research . Hygienic and forensic chemistry were included in pharmaceutical departments . 8 . Pharmaceutical scientific studies in Europe and Japan in the first half of the 20th century . The discovery of a drug for the treatment of syphilis by Ehrlich-Hata ( 1889 ) , then chemotherapeutics were started . Adrenalin , the first isolated hormone , by Takamine ( 1900 ) , after this time many hormones were discovered . The first Japanese pharmacists who studied abroad studied in Germany and came back to Japan . Then , they built the pharmaceutical sciences . Studies on natural products by chemistry and organic chemistry were started .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: MagnaportheDB : a federated solution for integrating physical and genetic map data with BAC end derived sequences for the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Author: Martin SL Blackmon BP Rajagopalan R Houfek TD Sceeles RG Denn SO Mitchell TK Brown DE Wing RA Dean RA .
| | Journal: Nucleic Acids Res .
Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11752272 Accession (PMID): 11752272 | | Abstract: We have created a federated database for genome studies of Magnaporthe grisea , the causal agent of rice blast disease , by integrating end sequence data from BAC clones , genetic marker data and BAC contig assembly data .
A library of 9216 BAC clones providing >25-fold coverage of the entire genome was end sequenced and fingerprinted by HindIII digestion .
The Image/FPC software package was then used to generate an assembly of 188 contigs covering >95% of the genome .
The database contains the results of this assembly integrated with hybridization data of genetic markers to the BAC library .
AceDB was used for the core database engine and a MySQL relational database , populated with numerical representations of BAC clones within FPC contigs , was used to create appropriately scaled images .
The database is being used to facilitate sequencing efforts .
The database also allows researchers mapping known genes or other sequences of interest , rapid and easy access to the fundamental organization of the Mgrisea genome .
This database , MagnaportheDB , can be accessed on the web at http : //www . cals . ncsu . edu/fungal_genomics/mgdatabase/int . htm . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have created a federated database for genome studies of Magnaporthe grisea , the causal agent of rice blast disease , by integrating end sequence data from BAC clones , genetic marker data and BAC contig assembly data . A library of 9216 BAC clones providing >25-fold coverage of the entire genome was end sequenced and fingerprinted by HindIII digestion . The Image/FPC software package was then used to generate an assembly of 188 contigs covering >95% of the genome . The database contains the results of this assembly integrated with hybridization data of genetic markers to the BAC library . AceDB was used for the core database engine and a MySQL relational database , populated with numerical representations of BAC clones within FPC contigs , was used to create appropriately scaled images . The database is being used to facilitate sequencing efforts . The database also allows researchers mapping known genes or other sequences of interest , rapid and easy access to the fundamental organization of the Mgrisea genome . This database , MagnaportheDB , can be accessed on the web at http : //www . cals . ncsu . edu/fungal_genomics/mgdatabase/int . htm .
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| Title: Pregrowth-desiccation : a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) embryogenic suspension cells .
| | Author: Zhang YX Wang JH Bian HW Zhu MY .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11788862 Accession (PMID): 11788862 | | Abstract: Rice embryogenic suspension cells were successfully cryopreserved by a pregrowth-desiccation procedure .
Cells were precultured in liquid AA medium containing 0 . 175 mol/L sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid AA medium containing 0 . 4 mol/L sorbitol for 1 d .
After air-drying for about 20 h to a water content of 10% , the cells were placed into cryotubes and quenched into liquid nitrogen .
Using this pregrowth-desiccation procedure , a survival rate of 96+/-6% ( TTC reduction assay ) or 100% ( cell clump regrowth ) was achieved .
Cryostored cells revived very quickly during the recovery culture and they retained the ability to regenerate fertile plants .
In conclusion , air-drying , a method usually employed in cryopreservation of seeds or shoot tips , can be used as a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of precultured rice suspension cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice embryogenic suspension cells were successfully cryopreserved by a pregrowth-desiccation procedure . Cells were precultured in liquid AA medium containing 0 . 175 mol/L sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid AA medium containing 0 . 4 mol/L sorbitol for 1 d . After air-drying for about 20 h to a water content of 10% , the cells were placed into cryotubes and quenched into liquid nitrogen . Using this pregrowth-desiccation procedure , a survival rate of 96+/-6% ( TTC reduction assay ) or 100% ( cell clump regrowth ) was achieved . Cryostored cells revived very quickly during the recovery culture and they retained the ability to regenerate fertile plants . In conclusion , air-drying , a method usually employed in cryopreservation of seeds or shoot tips , can be used as a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of precultured rice suspension cells .
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| Title: Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis .
| | Author: Woo SH Fukuda M Islam N Takaoka M Kawasaki H Hirano H | | Journal: Electrophoresis Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11870777 Accession (PMID): 11870777 | | Abstract: Using direct N-terminal analysis , only 31 N-terminally unblocked proteins out of 100 rice embryo proteins could be identified .
To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins , we developed a simple , efficient and rapid method .
Using this method , we determined the peptide maps of 20 proteins per day in 10 pmol amounts .
Applying this method to rice proteome analysis , we determined the internal sequences of all 69 blocked proteins .
A total of 28 proteins out of 100 analyzed showed sequence similarity to the proteins with known functions in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI databases .
Alternatively , we also used peptide mass fingerprinting determined by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) to identify the rice proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) .
Although peptide-mass fingerprinting is a high-throughput method , we could not easily identify all the rice proteins or genes by this method , because the complete database information on rice , is not yet available and many proteins are post-translationally modified .
Therefore , at present , the improved peptide mapping method as we report here is considered to be very useful in rice proteome analysis , especially for blocked proteins . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using direct N-terminal analysis , only 31 N-terminally unblocked proteins out of 100 rice embryo proteins could be identified . To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins , we developed a simple , efficient and rapid method . Using this method , we determined the peptide maps of 20 proteins per day in 10 pmol amounts . Applying this method to rice proteome analysis , we determined the internal sequences of all 69 blocked proteins . A total of 28 proteins out of 100 analyzed showed sequence similarity to the proteins with known functions in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI databases . Alternatively , we also used peptide mass fingerprinting determined by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) to identify the rice proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) . Although peptide-mass fingerprinting is a high-throughput method , we could not easily identify all the rice proteins or genes by this method , because the complete database information on rice , is not yet available and many proteins are post-translationally modified . Therefore , at present , the improved peptide mapping method as we report here is considered to be very useful in rice proteome analysis , especially for blocked proteins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Elicitor activity of cerebroside , a sphingolipid elicitor , in cell suspension cultures of rice .
| | Author: Umemura K Ogawa N Koga J Iwata M Usami H | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12154140 Accession (PMID): 12154140 | | Abstract: Cerebrosides , compounds categorized as glycosphingolipids , were found to occur in a wide range of phytopathogens as novel elicitors and to induce the effective disease resistance for rice plants in our previous study .
Here , we showed that cerebroside elicitors lead to the accumulation of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related ( PR ) protein in cell suspension cultures of rice with the structural specificity similar to that for the rice whole plants .
This elicitor activity of the cerebroside was greater than jasmonic acid ( JA ) and chitin oligomer ( which is known to be an elicitor for cell suspension cultures of rice ) .
Treatment of cell suspension cultures with cerebroside and chitin oligomer resulted in a synergetic induction of phytoalexins , suggesting that cerebroside and carbohydrate elicitors , such as glucan and chitin elicitor , enhance the defense signals of rice in vivo .
Induction of phytoalexins by the treatment with cerebroside elicitor was markedly inhibited by LaCl ( 3 ) and GdCl ( 3 ) , Ca ( 2+ ) channel blockers .
It is possible that Ca ( 2+ ) may be involved in the signaling pathway of elicitor activity of cerebroside . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cerebrosides , compounds categorized as glycosphingolipids , were found to occur in a wide range of phytopathogens as novel elicitors and to induce the effective disease resistance for rice plants in our previous study . Here , we showed that cerebroside elicitors lead to the accumulation of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related ( PR ) protein in cell suspension cultures of rice with the structural specificity similar to that for the rice whole plants . This elicitor activity of the cerebroside was greater than jasmonic acid ( JA ) and chitin oligomer ( which is known to be an elicitor for cell suspension cultures of rice ) . Treatment of cell suspension cultures with cerebroside and chitin oligomer resulted in a synergetic induction of phytoalexins , suggesting that cerebroside and carbohydrate elicitors , such as glucan and chitin elicitor , enhance the defense signals of rice in vivo . Induction of phytoalexins by the treatment with cerebroside elicitor was markedly inhibited by LaCl ( 3 ) and GdCl ( 3 ) , Ca ( 2+ ) channel blockers . It is possible that Ca ( 2+ ) may be involved in the signaling pathway of elicitor activity of cerebroside .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular and biochemical characterization of a calcium/calmodulin-binding protein kinase from rice .
| | Author: Zhang L Liu BF Liang S Jones RL Lu YT .
| | Journal: Biochem .
J Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12160464 Accession (PMID): 12160464 | | Abstract: A Ca2+/calmodulin ( CaM ) -binding protein kinase from rice ( Oryza sativa ) , OsCBK , has been characterized that lacks Ca2+-binding EF hands and has Ca2+/CaM-independent autophosphorylation and substrate-phosphorylation activity .
OsCBK has all 11 subdomains of a kinase catalytic domain and a putative CaM-binding domain , and shares high identity with Ca2+-dependent-protein-kinase ( CDPK ) -related protein kinases in plants .
OsCBK bound CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner as previously reported for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in animals , but autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of histone IIIs were Ca2+/CaM-independent .
Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that OsCBK specifically bound CaM with high affinity ( K ( D ) =30 nM ) .
Capillary electrophoresis showed that phosphorylation of OsCBK occurred on serine and threonine residues .
These data show that OsCBK is a serine/threonine protein kinase that binds Ca2+/CaM , but whose enzymic activity is independent of Ca2+/CaM .
In situ hybridization showed that OsCBK is expressed in reproductive and vegetative it issues of rice and shows temporal and spatial changes during plant growth and development .
OsCBK is highly expressed in zones of cell division and it is particularly abundant in sporogenous cells of the anther at meiosis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A Ca2+/calmodulin ( CaM ) -binding protein kinase from rice ( Oryza sativa ) , OsCBK , has been characterized that lacks Ca2+-binding EF hands and has Ca2+/CaM-independent autophosphorylation and substrate-phosphorylation activity . OsCBK has all 11 subdomains of a kinase catalytic domain and a putative CaM-binding domain , and shares high identity with Ca2+-dependent-protein-kinase ( CDPK ) -related protein kinases in plants . OsCBK bound CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner as previously reported for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in animals , but autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of histone IIIs were Ca2+/CaM-independent . Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that OsCBK specifically bound CaM with high affinity ( K ( D ) =30 nM ) . Capillary electrophoresis showed that phosphorylation of OsCBK occurred on serine and threonine residues . These data show that OsCBK is a serine/threonine protein kinase that binds Ca2+/CaM , but whose enzymic activity is independent of Ca2+/CaM . In situ hybridization showed that OsCBK is expressed in reproductive and vegetative it issues of rice and shows temporal and spatial changes during plant growth and development . OsCBK is highly expressed in zones of cell division and it is particularly abundant in sporogenous cells of the anther at meiosis .
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| Title: Development of novel pesticides based on phytoalexins : Part 2 .
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanone derivatives .
| | Author: Yang G Jiang X Yang H | | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12400447 Accession (PMID): 12400447 | | Abstract: Phytoalexins are low-molecular-weight chemicals that immune systems of plants produce and accumulate in response to infections , especially those of fungal origin .
Although their content is not high in plants , yet they have shown unique fungicidal activity and played an important role in the defence system of plants .
In searching for novel environmentally benign fungicides with high activity , the structures of flavanone derivatives , one of the most important phytoalexins groups , have been modified via bioisosteric substitution and a series of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanones were designed and synthesized .
They showed good fungicidal activities against rice blast disease , Pyricularia grisea ( Sacc ) .
Their IC50 values were tested in vitro and the relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was analyzed quantitatively using a Hansch-Fujita approach .
The results showed that hydrophobicity was very important for fungicidal activity and there is apparently an optimum hydrophobic property for the molecules at a log Pow value of about 2 . 7 .
In addition , the results indicated that electronic effects played an important role in binding with the receptor and that the C=O group was probably a electron-accepting site .
The quantitative structure-retention correlative equation of the title compounds was also established . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Phytoalexins are low-molecular-weight chemicals that immune systems of plants produce and accumulate in response to infections , especially those of fungal origin . Although their content is not high in plants , yet they have shown unique fungicidal activity and played an important role in the defence system of plants . In searching for novel environmentally benign fungicides with high activity , the structures of flavanone derivatives , one of the most important phytoalexins groups , have been modified via bioisosteric substitution and a series of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanones were designed and synthesized . They showed good fungicidal activities against rice blast disease , Pyricularia grisea ( Sacc ) . Their IC50 values were tested in vitro and the relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was analyzed quantitatively using a Hansch-Fujita approach . The results showed that hydrophobicity was very important for fungicidal activity and there is apparently an optimum hydrophobic property for the molecules at a log Pow value of about 2 . 7 . In addition , the results indicated that electronic effects played an important role in binding with the receptor and that the C=O group was probably a electron-accepting site . The quantitative structure-retention correlative equation of the title compounds was also established .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: GrainGenes , the genome database for small-grain crops .
| | Author: Matthews DE Carollo VL Lazo GR Anderson OD .
| | Journal: Nucleic Acids Res .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12519977 Accession (PMID): 12519977 | | Abstract: GrainGenes , http : //www . graingenes . org , is the international database for the wheat , barley , rye and oat genomes .
For these species it is the primary repository for information about genetic maps , mapping probes and primers , genes , alleles and QTLs .
Documentation includes such data as primer sequences , polymorphism descriptions , genotype and trait scoring data , experimental protocols used , and photographs of marker polymorphisms , disease symptoms and mutant phenotypes .
These data , curated with the help of many members of the research community , are integrated with sequence and bibliographic records selected from external databases and results of BLAST searches of the ESTs .
Records are linked to corresponding records in other important databases , eg Gramenes EST homologies to rice BAC/PACs , TIGRs Gene Indices and GenBank .
In addition to this information within the GrainGenes database itself , the GrainGenes homepage at http : //wheat . pw . usda . gov provides many other community resources including publications ( the annual newsletters for wheat , barley and oat , monographs and articles ) , individual datasets ( mapping and QTL studies , polymorphism surveys , variety performance evaluations ) , specialized databases ( Triticeae repeat sequences , EST unigene sets ) and pages to facilitate coordination of cooperative research efforts in specific areas such as SNP development , EST-SSRs and taxonomy .
The goal is to serve as a central point for obtaining and contributing information about the genetics and biology of these cereal crops .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: GrainGenes , http : //www . graingenes . org , is the international database for the wheat , barley , rye and oat genomes . For these species it is the primary repository for information about genetic maps , mapping probes and primers , genes , alleles and QTLs . Documentation includes such data as primer sequences , polymorphism descriptions , genotype and trait scoring data , experimental protocols used , and photographs of marker polymorphisms , disease symptoms and mutant phenotypes . These data , curated with the help of many members of the research community , are integrated with sequence and bibliographic records selected from external databases and results of BLAST searches of the ESTs . Records are linked to corresponding records in other important databases , eg Gramenes EST homologies to rice BAC/PACs , TIGRs Gene Indices and GenBank . In addition to this information within the GrainGenes database itself , the GrainGenes homepage at http : //wheat . pw . usda . gov provides many other community resources including publications ( the annual newsletters for wheat , barley and oat , monographs and articles ) , individual datasets ( mapping and QTL studies , polymorphism surveys , variety performance evaluations ) , specialized databases ( Triticeae repeat sequences , EST unigene sets ) and pages to facilitate coordination of cooperative research efforts in specific areas such as SNP development , EST-SSRs and taxonomy . The goal is to serve as a central point for obtaining and contributing information about the genetics and biology of these cereal crops .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Salt stress-induced apoptosis in plants--a possible resistance mechanism to salt stress ] | | Author: Ning SB Song YC Wang L Li X | | Journal: Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12549043 Accession (PMID): 12549043 | | Abstract: Previous study has showed that apoptosis-like cell death can be induced under moderate salt stress in plants .
In this paper , we studied the cell death induced by salt stress in maize , rice and tobacco roots utilizing DNA Laddering , paraffin sectioning-based TUNEL and chromosome spreading-based TUNEL simultaneously .
The characteristic morphological and biochemical features showed apoptosis induced by salt stress may be a universal phenomenon in plants , but some differences may lie in various species .
These results provided a valuable insight into studying the physiological mechanism of stress resistance in plants .
In addition , we compared the in situ labelling technique based on chromosome spreading with that based on paraffin sectioning .
We proposed according to the results that chromosome spreading-based in situ labeling technique should be suitable to detect individual cell death qualitatively and quantitatively with high efficiency , low background and detailed description of apoptotic changes at chromosome , nuclear and DNA levels .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Previous study has showed that apoptosis-like cell death can be induced under moderate salt stress in plants . In this paper , we studied the cell death induced by salt stress in maize , rice and tobacco roots utilizing DNA Laddering , paraffin sectioning-based TUNEL and chromosome spreading-based TUNEL simultaneously . The characteristic morphological and biochemical features showed apoptosis induced by salt stress may be a universal phenomenon in plants , but some differences may lie in various species . These results provided a valuable insight into studying the physiological mechanism of stress resistance in plants . In addition , we compared the in situ labelling technique based on chromosome spreading with that based on paraffin sectioning . We proposed according to the results that chromosome spreading-based in situ labeling technique should be suitable to detect individual cell death qualitatively and quantitatively with high efficiency , low background and detailed description of apoptotic changes at chromosome , nuclear and DNA levels .
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| Title: 14C- [ lignin ] -lignocellulose biodegradation by bacteria isolated from polluted soil .
| | Author: Kumar L Rathore V Srivastava H | | Journal: Indian J Exp . Biol . Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12562023 Accession (PMID): 12562023 | | Abstract: Four bacterial species [ Branhamella catarrhalis ( gram -ve ) , Brochothrix species ( gram -ve ) , Micrococcus luteus ( gram +ve ) and Bacillus firmus ( gram +ve ) ] , isolated from the soil polluted with cane sugar factory effluents , were found capable of growing on solid media supplemented with indulin AT ( a polymeric industrial lignin ) as sole C source .
All the four species could metabolize cinnamic acid ( a non-hydroxylated phenylpropanoid ) as sole carbon source with significant suppression on addition of readily metabolizable carbon source ( glucose ) .
However , Br . catarrhalis and Brochothrix sp . were capable of metabolizing ferulic acid , but could not do so on addition of glucose .
Of the four species , Br . catarrhalis could evolve significant amount of 14CO2 from U-14C ( lignin ) -lignocellulose prepared from rice stalks ( ca .
10% of the added radioactivity in 3 weeks ) , in addition to solubilization of another 11 . 7% radioactivity in culture filtrate .
The other three species could not significantly evolve 14CO2 , though a significant fraction of added 14C-lignin ( 6 . 1 to 11 . 2% ) could be solubilized into culture filtrate , suggesting lack of ring-cleavage or other CO2 evolving mechanisms in these species .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four bacterial species [ Branhamella catarrhalis ( gram -ve ) , Brochothrix species ( gram -ve ) , Micrococcus luteus ( gram +ve ) and Bacillus firmus ( gram +ve ) ] , isolated from the soil polluted with cane sugar factory effluents , were found capable of growing on solid media supplemented with indulin AT ( a polymeric industrial lignin ) as sole C source . All the four species could metabolize cinnamic acid ( a non-hydroxylated phenylpropanoid ) as sole carbon source with significant suppression on addition of readily metabolizable carbon source ( glucose ) . However , Br . catarrhalis and Brochothrix sp . were capable of metabolizing ferulic acid , but could not do so on addition of glucose . Of the four species , Br . catarrhalis could evolve significant amount of 14CO2 from U-14C ( lignin ) -lignocellulose prepared from rice stalks ( ca . 10% of the added radioactivity in 3 weeks ) , in addition to solubilization of another 11 . 7% radioactivity in culture filtrate . The other three species could not significantly evolve 14CO2 , though a significant fraction of added 14C-lignin ( 6 . 1 to 11 . 2% ) could be solubilized into culture filtrate , suggesting lack of ring-cleavage or other CO2 evolving mechanisms in these species .
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| Title: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches : effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management .
| | Author: Little CL Barnes J Mitchell RT . | | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12564243 Accession (PMID): 12564243 | | Abstract: During August 2001 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat cooked rice from take-aways and of chicken sandwiches made on the premises from sandwich bars was undertaken .
The intention was to identify risk factors in the production , storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches , and to establish their effect on microbiological quality .
Examination of cooked rice revealed that the majority of samples ( 87% ; 442 of 508 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality ; 50 ( 10% ) were unsatisfactory , and 16 ( 3% ) were of unacceptable quality due to Bacillus cereus and/or other Bacillus spp in excess of 10 ( 5 ) cfu/g .
The microbiological quality of cooked rice was associated with cuisine type ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , rice type ( p < 0 . 01 ) , cooking ( p < 0 . 01 ) , serving methods ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , and management food hygiene training ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
Examination of chicken sandwiches found that most ( 75% ; 335 of 449 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality and 114 ( 25% ) were unsatisfactory .
Acceptable microbiological quality of sandwiches was associated with sandwich bars that had hazard analysis in place ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Smaller businesses , as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors Consumer at Risk scores , were more likely to have samples classified as unsatisfactory or unacceptable compared to larger businesses ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
The majority ( 90% ) of premises had hand-washing facilities accessible and available for use , although only over half ( 55% ) were correctly used as judged by the sampling officer .
Where the manager of the premises had received some form of food hygiene training , food safety procedures such as the hazard analysis system were more likely to be in place ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: During August 2001 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat cooked rice from take-aways and of chicken sandwiches made on the premises from sandwich bars was undertaken . The intention was to identify risk factors in the production , storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches , and to establish their effect on microbiological quality . Examination of cooked rice revealed that the majority of samples ( 87% ; 442 of 508 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality ; 50 ( 10% ) were unsatisfactory , and 16 ( 3% ) were of unacceptable quality due to Bacillus cereus and/or other Bacillus spp in excess of 10 ( 5 ) cfu/g . The microbiological quality of cooked rice was associated with cuisine type ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , rice type ( p < 0 . 01 ) , cooking ( p < 0 . 01 ) , serving methods ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , and management food hygiene training ( p < 0 . 01 ) . Examination of chicken sandwiches found that most ( 75% ; 335 of 449 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality and 114 ( 25% ) were unsatisfactory . Acceptable microbiological quality of sandwiches was associated with sandwich bars that had hazard analysis in place ( p < 0 . 05 ) . Smaller businesses , as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors Consumer at Risk scores , were more likely to have samples classified as unsatisfactory or unacceptable compared to larger businesses ( p < 0 . 001 ) . The majority ( 90% ) of premises had hand-washing facilities accessible and available for use , although only over half ( 55% ) were correctly used as judged by the sampling officer . Where the manager of the premises had received some form of food hygiene training , food safety procedures such as the hazard analysis system were more likely to be in place ( p < 0 . 0001 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: QTL mapping and introgression of yield-related traits from Oryza glumaepatula to cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa ) using microsatellite markers .
| | Author: Brondani C Rangel N Brondani V Ferreira E | | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12582630 Accession (PMID): 12582630 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) cultivar development currently faces the task of overcoming yield plateaus , which is difficult due to the narrow genetic base of breeding programs .
Oryza glumaepatula is a diploid wild relative of cultivated rice , native to Central and South America , and is therefore a potential source of alleles of agronomic importance to rice breeding programs .
We studied 11 agronomic traits in BC ( 2 ) F ( 2 ) families of the interspecific cross Oryza sativa x O glumaepatula .
Transgressive lines which are almost isogenic to the elite recurrent O sativa parent were identified for most of these traits .
Quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) analysis was performed by single-point and interval mapping using a molecular map based on 157 microsatellite and STS markers .
Marker regions accounting for 14 . 5 to 72 . 9% of a phenotypic variation trait were identified in 9 of the 12 rice chromosomes .
Positive QTL effects from O glumaepatula were observed in chromosomal regions associated with tillering and panicle-number traits . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) cultivar development currently faces the task of overcoming yield plateaus , which is difficult due to the narrow genetic base of breeding programs . Oryza glumaepatula is a diploid wild relative of cultivated rice , native to Central and South America , and is therefore a potential source of alleles of agronomic importance to rice breeding programs . We studied 11 agronomic traits in BC ( 2 ) F ( 2 ) families of the interspecific cross Oryza sativa x O glumaepatula . Transgressive lines which are almost isogenic to the elite recurrent O sativa parent were identified for most of these traits . Quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) analysis was performed by single-point and interval mapping using a molecular map based on 157 microsatellite and STS markers . Marker regions accounting for 14 . 5 to 72 . 9% of a phenotypic variation trait were identified in 9 of the 12 rice chromosomes . Positive QTL effects from O glumaepatula were observed in chromosomal regions associated with tillering and panicle-number traits .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Substitution mapping of Pup1 : a major QTL increasing phosphorus uptake of rice from a phosphorus-deficient soil .
| | Author: Wissuwa M Wegner J Ae N Yano M | | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12582914 Accession (PMID): 12582914 | | Abstract: A major QTL for P uptake had previously been mapped to a 13-cM marker interval on the long arm of chromosome 12 .
To map that major QTL with higher precision and certainty , a secondary mapping population was developed by backcrossing a near-isogenic line containing the QTL from the donor parent to the recurrent parent of low P uptake .
Two different mapping strategies have been followed in this study .
A conventional QTL mapping approach was based on individual F ( 2 ) RFLP data and the phenotypic evaluation of family means in the F ( 3 ) .
The second strategy employed a substitution-mapping approach .
Phenotypic and marker data were obtained for 160 F ( 3 ) individuals of six highly informative families that differed in the size of donor chromosomal segments in the region of the putative QTL .
QTL mapping showed that close to 80% of the variation between families was due to a single QTL , hereafter referred to as Pup1 ( Phosphorus uptake 1 ) .
Pup1 was placed in a 3-cM interval flanked by markers S14025 and S13126 , which is within 1 cM of the position identified in the original QTL mapping experiment .
Other chromosomal regions and epistatic effects were not significant .
Substitution mapping revealed that Pup1 co-segregated with marker S13126 and that the flanking markers , S14025 and S13752 , were outside the interval containing Pup1 .
The two mapping strategies therefore yielded almost identical results and , in combining the advantages of both , Pup1 could be mapped with high certainty .
The QTL mapping appoach showed that the phenotypic variation between families was due to only one QTL without any additional epistacic interactions , whereas the advantage of substitution mapping was to place clearly defined borders around the QTL .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: A major QTL for P uptake had previously been mapped to a 13-cM marker interval on the long arm of chromosome 12 . To map that major QTL with higher precision and certainty , a secondary mapping population was developed by backcrossing a near-isogenic line containing the QTL from the donor parent to the recurrent parent of low P uptake . Two different mapping strategies have been followed in this study . A conventional QTL mapping approach was based on individual F ( 2 ) RFLP data and the phenotypic evaluation of family means in the F ( 3 ) . The second strategy employed a substitution-mapping approach . Phenotypic and marker data were obtained for 160 F ( 3 ) individuals of six highly informative families that differed in the size of donor chromosomal segments in the region of the putative QTL . QTL mapping showed that close to 80% of the variation between families was due to a single QTL , hereafter referred to as Pup1 ( Phosphorus uptake 1 ) . Pup1 was placed in a 3-cM interval flanked by markers S14025 and S13126 , which is within 1 cM of the position identified in the original QTL mapping experiment . Other chromosomal regions and epistatic effects were not significant . Substitution mapping revealed that Pup1 co-segregated with marker S13126 and that the flanking markers , S14025 and S13752 , were outside the interval containing Pup1 . The two mapping strategies therefore yielded almost identical results and , in combining the advantages of both , Pup1 could be mapped with high certainty . The QTL mapping appoach showed that the phenotypic variation between families was due to only one QTL without any additional epistacic interactions , whereas the advantage of substitution mapping was to place clearly defined borders around the QTL .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Food and nutrient intakes among pregnant women in rural Tamil Nadu , South India .
| | Author: Andersen LT Thilsted SH Nielsen BB Rangasamy S | | Journal: Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12675955 Accession (PMID): 12675955 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : To study pregnant womens diet at food and nutrient levels and how these match recommendations ; to describe how factors such as education level , economy and folk dietetics influence the womens food choice ; and to give suggestions for the improvement of nutrition education in the existing antenatal care systems .
DESIGN AND SUBJECTS : Thirty pregnant women in the last trimester were interviewed three times using a 24-hour dietary recall with weighing of foods and recipes of dishes .
Interviews regarding health , nutrition and socio-economic status , and measurements of weight and height of the women , were conducted .
SETTING : Rural parts of Salem District , Tamil Nadu , South India .
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : The womens diet ( without supplements ) was insufficient in energy and all nutrients except fat , compared with the Indian recommendations .
Aggravating low intakes of micronutrients were found which were reflected in low intakes of foods other than rice .
Eating customs and economy appeared to influence the womens food choice negatively in relation to recommendations while factors such as education level , family type , pregnancy number and folk dietetics did not seem to have a negative effect .
The amounts of foods recommended , especially green leafy vegetables , must be shown to the women .
The nutrition advice given by all levels of health providers must be the same and based on cheap , local , commonly consumed foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : To study pregnant womens diet at food and nutrient levels and how these match recommendations ; to describe how factors such as education level , economy and folk dietetics influence the womens food choice ; and to give suggestions for the improvement of nutrition education in the existing antenatal care systems . DESIGN AND SUBJECTS : Thirty pregnant women in the last trimester were interviewed three times using a 24-hour dietary recall with weighing of foods and recipes of dishes . Interviews regarding health , nutrition and socio-economic status , and measurements of weight and height of the women , were conducted . SETTING : Rural parts of Salem District , Tamil Nadu , South India . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : The womens diet ( without supplements ) was insufficient in energy and all nutrients except fat , compared with the Indian recommendations . Aggravating low intakes of micronutrients were found which were reflected in low intakes of foods other than rice . Eating customs and economy appeared to influence the womens food choice negatively in relation to recommendations while factors such as education level , family type , pregnancy number and folk dietetics did not seem to have a negative effect . The amounts of foods recommended , especially green leafy vegetables , must be shown to the women . The nutrition advice given by all levels of health providers must be the same and based on cheap , local , commonly consumed foods .
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| Title: The global methane cycle : isotopes and mixing ratios , sources and sinks .
| | Author: Bras O Guillou C Reniero F Wada E | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12723792 Accession (PMID): 12723792 | | Abstract: A review of the global cycle of methane is presented with emphasis on its isotopic composition .
The history of methane mixing ratios , reconstructed from measurements of air trapped in ice-cores is described .
The methane record now extends back to 420 kyr ago in the case of the Vostok ice cores from Antarctica .
The trends in mixing ratios and in delta13C values are reported for the two Hemispheres .
The increase of the atmospheric methane concentration over the past 200 years , and by 1% per year since 1978 , reaching 1 . 7 ppmv in 1990 is underlined .
The various methane sources are presented .
Indeed the authors describe the methane emissions by bacterial activity under anaerobic conditions in wet environments ( wetlands , bogs , tundra , rice paddies ) , in ruminant stomachs and termite guts , and that originating from fossil carbon sources , such as biomass burning , coal mining , industrial losses , automobile exhaust , sea floor vent , and volcanic emissions .
Furthermore , the main sinks of methane in the troposphere , soils or waters via oxidation are also reported , and the corresponding kinetic isotope effects .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: A review of the global cycle of methane is presented with emphasis on its isotopic composition . The history of methane mixing ratios , reconstructed from measurements of air trapped in ice-cores is described . The methane record now extends back to 420 kyr ago in the case of the Vostok ice cores from Antarctica . The trends in mixing ratios and in delta13C values are reported for the two Hemispheres . The increase of the atmospheric methane concentration over the past 200 years , and by 1% per year since 1978 , reaching 1 . 7 ppmv in 1990 is underlined . The various methane sources are presented . Indeed the authors describe the methane emissions by bacterial activity under anaerobic conditions in wet environments ( wetlands , bogs , tundra , rice paddies ) , in ruminant stomachs and termite guts , and that originating from fossil carbon sources , such as biomass burning , coal mining , industrial losses , automobile exhaust , sea floor vent , and volcanic emissions . Furthermore , the main sinks of methane in the troposphere , soils or waters via oxidation are also reported , and the corresponding kinetic isotope effects .
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| Title: Cognitive development of Yu-Cheng ( "oil disease" ) children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs .
| | Author: Chen YC Guo YL Hsu CC Rogan WJ .
| | Journal: JAMA Year: 1992 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1433761 Accession (PMID): 1433761 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE--To compare the cognitive development in Taiwanese children who had been exposed prenatally to high levels of heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) with control children who were exposed to background levels .
The disorder was called Yu-Cheng , "oil disease , " in Taiwan .
DESIGN--Matched-pair cohort study .
SETTING--Communities in central Taiwan in which there had been a cooking-oil contamination and mass poisoning by heat-degraded PCBs in 1978 through 1979 .
PARTICIPANTS--One hundred eighteen children born between June 1978 and March 1985 during or after their mothers consumption of contaminated rice oil ; 118 children matched for age , sex , neighborhood , maternal age , and parental education and occupational class ; and 15 older siblings of exposed children , born before the poisoning .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cognitive development measured from 1985 through 1990 using the Chinese versions of the Stanford-Binet test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Revised , RESULTS--The exposed children scored approximately 5 points lower on the Stanford-Binet test at the ages of 4 and 5 years and approximately 5 points lower on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Revised , at the ages of 6 and 7 years .
Children born up to 6 years after their mothers exposure were as affected as children born within a year or two after exposure when examined at 6 and 7 years of age .
Older siblings resembled the control children .
CONCLUSION--Children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs had poorer cognitive development than their matched controls .
The effect persisted in the children up to the age of 7 years , and children born long after the exposure were still affected . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE--To compare the cognitive development in Taiwanese children who had been exposed prenatally to high levels of heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) with control children who were exposed to background levels . The disorder was called Yu-Cheng , "oil disease , " in Taiwan . DESIGN--Matched-pair cohort study . SETTING--Communities in central Taiwan in which there had been a cooking-oil contamination and mass poisoning by heat-degraded PCBs in 1978 through 1979 . PARTICIPANTS--One hundred eighteen children born between June 1978 and March 1985 during or after their mothers consumption of contaminated rice oil ; 118 children matched for age , sex , neighborhood , maternal age , and parental education and occupational class ; and 15 older siblings of exposed children , born before the poisoning . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cognitive development measured from 1985 through 1990 using the Chinese versions of the Stanford-Binet test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Revised , RESULTS--The exposed children scored approximately 5 points lower on the Stanford-Binet test at the ages of 4 and 5 years and approximately 5 points lower on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Revised , at the ages of 6 and 7 years . Children born up to 6 years after their mothers exposure were as affected as children born within a year or two after exposure when examined at 6 and 7 years of age . Older siblings resembled the control children . CONCLUSION--Children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs had poorer cognitive development than their matched controls . The effect persisted in the children up to the age of 7 years , and children born long after the exposure were still affected .
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| Title: [ Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy ] | | Author: Zou J Huang Y Zong L Wang Y Sass RL .
| | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14551949 Accession (PMID): 14551949 | | Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH4 and N2O emissions .
Five treatments of fertilizer including urea and NH4HCO3 used as chemical fertilizer ( CF ) , chemical fertilizer + pig manure ( CF + PM ) , chemical fertilizer + cow manure ( CF + CM ) , chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake ( CF + RC ) and chemical fertilizer + wheat straw ( CF + WS ) were dedicated to this experiment .
Results from the field observations indicated that application of the organic manure did not change the seasonal pattern of CH4 and N2O emissions but significantly affected the seasonal amounts .
Seasonal amount of CH4 emission from the treatments of CF + CM , CF + RC and CF + WS was respectively 45% , 252% and 250% higher than that from the treatment of CF , but the application of pig manure ( CF + PM ) did not significantly influence the CH4 emission .
The N2O emissions , on the other hand , were reduced by 18% , 21% and 18% for the treatments of CF + PM , CF + CM and CF + WS , respectively .
Incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the N2O emission , yielding an increment of 22% .
On a time scale of 20-year period , the integrated global warming potential ( GWP ) of CH4 + N2O released during the rice growing season for the treatments of CF + RC , CF + WS and CF + CM was respectively 154% , 136% and 17% higher than that for the CF treatment , while a reduction of 10% was obtained for the CF + PM treatment .
The calculation of the GWP per unit rice grain yield suggested that the application of pig manure took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH4 and N2O emissions . Five treatments of fertilizer including urea and NH4HCO3 used as chemical fertilizer ( CF ) , chemical fertilizer + pig manure ( CF + PM ) , chemical fertilizer + cow manure ( CF + CM ) , chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake ( CF + RC ) and chemical fertilizer + wheat straw ( CF + WS ) were dedicated to this experiment . Results from the field observations indicated that application of the organic manure did not change the seasonal pattern of CH4 and N2O emissions but significantly affected the seasonal amounts . Seasonal amount of CH4 emission from the treatments of CF + CM , CF + RC and CF + WS was respectively 45% , 252% and 250% higher than that from the treatment of CF , but the application of pig manure ( CF + PM ) did not significantly influence the CH4 emission . The N2O emissions , on the other hand , were reduced by 18% , 21% and 18% for the treatments of CF + PM , CF + CM and CF + WS , respectively . Incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the N2O emission , yielding an increment of 22% . On a time scale of 20-year period , the integrated global warming potential ( GWP ) of CH4 + N2O released during the rice growing season for the treatments of CF + RC , CF + WS and CF + CM was respectively 154% , 136% and 17% higher than that for the CF treatment , while a reduction of 10% was obtained for the CF + PM treatment . The calculation of the GWP per unit rice grain yield suggested that the application of pig manure took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ QTL analysis for percentage of exserted stigma in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Author: Li WH Dong GJ Hu XM Teng S Guo LB Zheng DL Qian Q | | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14579532 Accession (PMID): 14579532 | | Abstract: Percentage of exserted stigmas ( PES ) was investigated in Hainan by using a population of 127 DH population derived from a cross between a high-PES indica variety Zaiyeqing 8 ( ZYQ 8 ) and a low-PES japonica variety Jingxi 17 ( JX 17 ) and its molecular linkage map of 234 markers .
Two QTLs ( qPES-2 , qPES-3 ) for PES were located on chromosome 2 and 3 , respectively .
There is no difference between the QTLs for single stigma exsertation and total PES , but the only QTL for dual stigma exsertation located on chromosome 2 , whose positive additive effect was from ZYQ 8 .
Simultaneously the detected QTLs for spikelets per panicle located on chromosome 6 , 8 , respectively and had no linkage relation with the QTLs for PES . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Percentage of exserted stigmas ( PES ) was investigated in Hainan by using a population of 127 DH population derived from a cross between a high-PES indica variety Zaiyeqing 8 ( ZYQ 8 ) and a low-PES japonica variety Jingxi 17 ( JX 17 ) and its molecular linkage map of 234 markers . Two QTLs ( qPES-2 , qPES-3 ) for PES were located on chromosome 2 and 3 , respectively . There is no difference between the QTLs for single stigma exsertation and total PES , but the only QTL for dual stigma exsertation located on chromosome 2 , whose positive additive effect was from ZYQ 8 . Simultaneously the detected QTLs for spikelets per panicle located on chromosome 6 , 8 , respectively and had no linkage relation with the QTLs for PES .
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| Title: Promoter analysis in transient assays using a GUS reporter gene construct in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris ) .
| | Author: Basu C Kausch AP Luo H Chandlee JM .
| | Journal: J Plant Physiol .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14610892 Accession (PMID): 14610892 | | Abstract: Transient expression profiles for several chimeric beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) gene constructs were determined in it issues ( young leaves , mature leaves and roots ) of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris , cv .
Penn A4 ) following microprojectile bombardment .
The constructs analyzed consisted of the uidA ( GUS ) reporter gene driven by four different promoters ( ubiquitin 3-potato , ubiquitin corn , ubiquitin rice and CaMV 35S ) .
The total number of GUS hits ( or transient expression units ; TEUs ) were determined manually under a dissecting scope after histochemical staining for GUS .
Results suggest that the ubiquitin rice promoter is most active in cells of turfgrass , regardless of the developmental stage or it issue-type .
The ubiquitin corn promoter was the next best Of the four promoter used , except for ubiquitin 3-potato , reporter gene activity was dramatically higher in mature leaves compared to young leaves .
The relative efficiency of each promoter was about the same in roots and leaves .
We have also analyzed uidA ( GUS ) reporter gene activity following microprojectile bombardment in transient expression assays with callus from two cultivars ( Providence or Penn A4 ) of creeping bentgrass .
Differences in the frequency of GUS positive hits were observed between cultivars up to 72 hours post-bombardment .
However , this difference between cultivars disappeared after 72 hours post-bombardment .
This information describing promoter functionality in bentgrass will be important when designing gene constructs for trait modification and when choosing appropriate cultivars for improvement through gene transfer experiments .
This is the first in depth report on organ-specific and developmental gene expression profiles for transgenes in a turfgrass species .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transient expression profiles for several chimeric beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) gene constructs were determined in it issues ( young leaves , mature leaves and roots ) of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris , cv . Penn A4 ) following microprojectile bombardment . The constructs analyzed consisted of the uidA ( GUS ) reporter gene driven by four different promoters ( ubiquitin 3-potato , ubiquitin corn , ubiquitin rice and CaMV 35S ) . The total number of GUS hits ( or transient expression units ; TEUs ) were determined manually under a dissecting scope after histochemical staining for GUS . Results suggest that the ubiquitin rice promoter is most active in cells of turfgrass , regardless of the developmental stage or it issue-type . The ubiquitin corn promoter was the next best Of the four promoter used , except for ubiquitin 3-potato , reporter gene activity was dramatically higher in mature leaves compared to young leaves . The relative efficiency of each promoter was about the same in roots and leaves . We have also analyzed uidA ( GUS ) reporter gene activity following microprojectile bombardment in transient expression assays with callus from two cultivars ( Providence or Penn A4 ) of creeping bentgrass . Differences in the frequency of GUS positive hits were observed between cultivars up to 72 hours post-bombardment . However , this difference between cultivars disappeared after 72 hours post-bombardment . This information describing promoter functionality in bentgrass will be important when designing gene constructs for trait modification and when choosing appropriate cultivars for improvement through gene transfer experiments . This is the first in depth report on organ-specific and developmental gene expression profiles for transgenes in a turfgrass species .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Water permeability and reflection coefficient of the outer part of young rice roots are differently affected by closure of water channels ( aquaporins ) or blockage of apoplastic pores .
| | Author: Ranathunge K Kotula L Steudle E Lafitte R | | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14739266 Accession (PMID): 14739266 | | Abstract: The relative contribution of the apoplastic and cell-to-cell paths to the overall hydraulic conductivity of the outer part of rice roots ( LpOPR ) was estimated using a pressure perfusion technique for 30-d-old rice plants ( lowland cultivar , IR64 , and upland cultivar , Azucena ) .
The technique was based on the perfusion of aerenchyma of root segments from two different zones ( 20-50 mm and 50-100 mm from the root apex ) with aerated nutrient solution using precise pump rates .
The outer part of roots ( OPR ) comprised an outermost rhizodermis , an exodermis , sclerenchyma fibre cells , and the innermost unmodified cortical cell layer .
No root anatomical differences were observed for the two cultivars used .
Development of apoplastic barriers such as Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in the exodermis were highly variable .
On average , matured apoplastic barriers were observed at around 50-70 mm from the root apex Lignification of the exodermis was completed earlier than that of sclerenchyma cells .
Radial water flow across the OPR was impeded either by partially blocking off the porous apoplast with China ink particles ( diameter 50 nm ) or by closing water channels ( aquaporins ) in cell membranes with 50 micro M HgCl2 .
The reduction of LpOPR was relatively larger in the presence of an apoplastic blockage with ink ( approximately 30% ) than in the presence of the water channel blocker ( approximately 10% ) suggesting a relatively larger apoplastic water flow .
The reflection coefficient of the OPR ( sigmasOPR ) for mannitol significantly increased during both treatments .
It was larger when pores of the apoplast were closed , but absolute values were low ( overall range of sigmasOPR=0 . 1-0 . 4 ) , which also suggested a large contribution of the non-selective , apoplastic path to overall water flow .
The strongest evidence in favour of a predominantly apoplastic water transport came from the comparison between diffusional ( PdOPR , measured with heavy water , HDO ) and osmotic water permeability ( PfOPR ) or hydraulic conductivity ( LpOPR ) .
PfOPR was larger by a factor of 600-1400 compared with P ( dOPR ) .
The development of OPR along roots resulted in a decrease of PdOPR by a factor of three ( segments taken at 20-50 and 50-100 mm from root apex , respectively ) .
Heat-killing of living cells resulted in an increase of PdOPR for both immature ( 20-50 mm ) and mature ( 50-100 mm ) root segments by a factor of two .
Even though both pathways ( apoplast and cell-to-cell ) contributed to the overall water flow , the findings indicate predominantly apoplastic water flow across the OPR , even in the presence of apoplastic barriers .
Low diffusional water permeabilities may suggest a low rate of oxygen diffusion across the OPR from aerenchyma to the outer anaerobic soil medium ( low PO2OPR ) .
To date , there are no data on PO2OPR .
Provisional data of radial oxygen losses ( ROL ) across the OPR suggest that , unlike water , rice roots efficiently retain oxygen within the aerenchyma .
This ability strongly increases as roots/OPR develop . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: The reflection coefficient of the OPR ( sigmasOPR ) for mannitol significantly increased during both treatments . It was larger when pores of the apoplast were closed , but absolute values were low ( overall range of sigmasOPR=0 . 1-0 . 4 ) , which also suggested a large contribution of the non-selective , apoplastic path to overall water flow . The strongest evidence in favour of a predominantly apoplastic water transport came from the comparison between diffusional ( PdOPR , measured with heavy water , HDO ) and osmotic water permeability ( PfOPR ) or hydraulic conductivity ( LpOPR ) . PfOPR was larger by a factor of 600-1400 compared with P ( dOPR ) . The development of OPR along roots resulted in a decrease of PdOPR by a factor of three ( segments taken at 20-50 and 50-100 mm from root apex , respectively ) . Heat-killing of living cells resulted in an increase of PdOPR for both immature ( 20-50 mm ) and mature ( 50-100 mm ) root segments by a factor of two . Even though both pathways ( apoplast and cell-to-cell ) contributed to the overall water flow , the findings indicate predominantly apoplastic water flow across the OPR , even in the presence of apoplastic barriers . Low diffusional water permeabilities may suggest a low rate of oxygen diffusion across the OPR from aerenchyma to the outer anaerobic soil medium ( low PO2OPR ) . To date , there are no data on PO2OPR . Provisional data of radial oxygen losses ( ROL ) across the OPR suggest that , unlike water , rice roots efficiently retain oxygen within the aerenchyma . This ability strongly increases as roots/OPR develop .
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| Title: A fungal metallothionein is required for pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Author: Tucker SL Thornton CR Tasker K Jacob C Giles G Egan M Talbot NJ .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15155887 Accession (PMID): 15155887 | | Abstract: The causal agent of rice blast disease , the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe grisea , infects rice ( Oryza sativa ) plants by means of specialized infection structures called appressoria , which are formed on the leaf surface and mechanically rupture the cuticle .
We have identified a gene , Magnaporthe metallothionein 1 ( MMT1 ) , which is highly expressed throughout growth and development by M grisea and encodes an unusual 22-amino acid metallothionein-like protein containing only six Cys residues .
The MMT1-encoded protein shows a very high affinity for zinc and can act as a powerful antioxidant .
Targeted gene disruption of MMT1 produced mutants that show accelerated hyphal growth rates and poor sporulation but had no effect on metal tolerance .
Mmt1 mutants are incapable of causing plant disease because of an inability to bring about appressorium-mediated cuticle penetration .
Mmt1 appears to be distributed in the inner side of the cell wall of the fungus .
These findings indicate that Mmt1-like metallothioneins may play a novel role in fungal cell wall biochemistry that is required for fungal virulence . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The causal agent of rice blast disease , the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe grisea , infects rice ( Oryza sativa ) plants by means of specialized infection structures called appressoria , which are formed on the leaf surface and mechanically rupture the cuticle . We have identified a gene , Magnaporthe metallothionein 1 ( MMT1 ) , which is highly expressed throughout growth and development by M grisea and encodes an unusual 22-amino acid metallothionein-like protein containing only six Cys residues . The MMT1-encoded protein shows a very high affinity for zinc and can act as a powerful antioxidant . Targeted gene disruption of MMT1 produced mutants that show accelerated hyphal growth rates and poor sporulation but had no effect on metal tolerance . Mmt1 mutants are incapable of causing plant disease because of an inability to bring about appressorium-mediated cuticle penetration . Mmt1 appears to be distributed in the inner side of the cell wall of the fungus . These findings indicate that Mmt1-like metallothioneins may play a novel role in fungal cell wall biochemistry that is required for fungal virulence .
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| Title: Establishment of an enhancer trap system with Ds and GUS for functional genomics in rice .
| | Author: Ito Y Eiguchi M Kurata N | | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15221455 Accession (PMID): 15221455 | | Abstract: To develop an efficient means of enhancer trapping , a two-element system employing Ds and an Ac transposase ( AcTPase ) gene was tested in rice .
We generated 263 transgenic rice plants , each of which harboured the maize transposable element Ds together with a GUS coding sequence under the control of a minimal promoter ( Ds-GUS ) , and a gene that confers resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron .
Among the 263 lines generated , 42 were shown to have a single copy of the Ds-GUS element .
Four single-copy lines were crossed with each of six transgenic plants that carried the AcTPase gene .
Excision of the Ds-GUS in leaves of F1 plants was detected in eight combinations out of seventeen examined .
The frequency of transposition of Ds-GUS in germ cells in the F1 plants was examined using 10 , 524 F2 plants , and 675 ( 6% ) were judged to be transposants .
Their frequencies differed among F1 plants depending on the AcTPase x Ds-GUS cross considered , and also among panicles on the same F1 plant .
This suggests that Ds-GUS tends to transpose during panicle development .
Southern analysis with a GUS probe showed different band patterns among transposants derived from different panicles .
Therefore , the transposants derived from different panicles must have arisen independently .
Transposants showing it issue-specific GUS activities were obtained , and enhancers thus trapped by the Ds-GUS element were identified .
These results demonstrate that the system is suitable for the isolation of large numbers of independent Ds-GUS transposants , and for the identification of various it issue-specific enhancers .
The Ds-GUS lines generated in this study offer a potentially powerful tool for studies on the functional genomics of rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To develop an efficient means of enhancer trapping , a two-element system employing Ds and an Ac transposase ( AcTPase ) gene was tested in rice . We generated 263 transgenic rice plants , each of which harboured the maize transposable element Ds together with a GUS coding sequence under the control of a minimal promoter ( Ds-GUS ) , and a gene that confers resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron . Among the 263 lines generated , 42 were shown to have a single copy of the Ds-GUS element . Four single-copy lines were crossed with each of six transgenic plants that carried the AcTPase gene . Excision of the Ds-GUS in leaves of F1 plants was detected in eight combinations out of seventeen examined . The frequency of transposition of Ds-GUS in germ cells in the F1 plants was examined using 10 , 524 F2 plants , and 675 ( 6% ) were judged to be transposants . Their frequencies differed among F1 plants depending on the AcTPase x Ds-GUS cross considered , and also among panicles on the same F1 plant . This suggests that Ds-GUS tends to transpose during panicle development . Southern analysis with a GUS probe showed different band patterns among transposants derived from different panicles . Therefore , the transposants derived from different panicles must have arisen independently .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of a rice cysteine protease gene , OsCP1 , using T-DNA gene-trap system .
| | Author: Lee S Jung KH An G Chung YY .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15356393 Accession (PMID): 15356393 | | Abstract: The T-DNA gene-trap system has been efficiently used to elucidate gene functions in plants .
We report here a functional analysis of a cysteine protease gene , OsCP1 , isolated from a pool of T-DNA insertional rice .
GUS assay with the T-DNA tagged line indicated that the OsCP1 promoter was highly active in the rice anther .
Sequence analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of OsCP1 was homologous to those of papain family cysteine proteases containing the highly conserved interspersed amino acid motif , ERFNIN .
This result suggested that the gene encodes a cysteine protease in rice .
We also identified a suppressed mutant from T2 progeny of the T-DNA tagged line .
The mutant showed a significant defect in pollen development .
Taken together , the results demonstrated that OsCP1 is a cysteine protease gene that might play an important role in pollen development . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The T-DNA gene-trap system has been efficiently used to elucidate gene functions in plants . We report here a functional analysis of a cysteine protease gene , OsCP1 , isolated from a pool of T-DNA insertional rice . GUS assay with the T-DNA tagged line indicated that the OsCP1 promoter was highly active in the rice anther . Sequence analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of OsCP1 was homologous to those of papain family cysteine proteases containing the highly conserved interspersed amino acid motif , ERFNIN . This result suggested that the gene encodes a cysteine protease in rice . We also identified a suppressed mutant from T2 progeny of the T-DNA tagged line . The mutant showed a significant defect in pollen development . Taken together , the results demonstrated that OsCP1 is a cysteine protease gene that might play an important role in pollen development .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against cowpea trypsin inhibitor ] | | Author: Chen X Yang L Yang X Piao J | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15461269 Accession (PMID): 15461269 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI .
METHODS : Nowadays gene assay is the most useful method to detect transgenic plants .
But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced .
So assay of foreign protein is the most direct and conformable method .
Monoclonal antibodies were got through traditional method of preparation .
RESULTS : Three monoclonal antibodies were got .
Detection of CpTI in transgenic rice leaves with these three antibodies mixes through Western blotting was conducted and the result was satisfying .
CONCLUSION : The method of using the mixes of three antibodies to detect the CpTI in plants through Western blotting was satisfying . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI . METHODS : Nowadays gene assay is the most useful method to detect transgenic plants . But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced . So assay of foreign protein is the most direct and conformable method . Monoclonal antibodies were got through traditional method of preparation . RESULTS : Three monoclonal antibodies were got . Detection of CpTI in transgenic rice leaves with these three antibodies mixes through Western blotting was conducted and the result was satisfying . CONCLUSION : The method of using the mixes of three antibodies to detect the CpTI in plants through Western blotting was satisfying .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Addition of pearl barley to a rice-based diet for newly weaned piglets increases the viscosity of the intestinal contents , reduces starch digestibility and exacerbates post-weaning colibacillosis .
| | Author: Hopwood DE Pethick DW Pluske JR Hampson DJ .
| | Journal: Br .
J Nutr .
Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15469645 Accession (PMID): 15469645 | | Abstract: The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of feeding a cereal grain containing NSP on body growth and the intestinal microenvironment of recently weaned pigs , and to examine resultant associations with pathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract .
In Expt 1 , pearl barley , a grain rich in soluble NSP , was incorporated ( 250 , 500 or 750 g/kg diet ) into a low-fibre control diet based on cooked white rice and fed for 7-10 d following weaning .
Consumption of pearl barley did not significantly alter piglet live-weight gain compared with the control cooked rice diet , but it accelerated large intestinal growth and fermentation , decreased ileal starch digestibility and increased intestinal viscosity .
Expt 2 was conducted to determine whether these differences would favour proliferation of enterotoxigenic E coli , the bacterium causing post-weaning colibacillosis ( PWC ) .
Three groups of pigs were weaned onto diets based on cooked white rice , rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg , or rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg supplemented with exogenous enzymes ( Porzyme 8100 ; Danisco , Marlborough , Wilts . , UK ) .
Pigs were inoculated orally with haemolytic E coli serovar O8 ; K87 ; K88 after weaning .
Animals eating the pearl barley had increased viscosity of the intestinal contents , greater intestinal colonisation with the E coli strain and more diarrhoea than pigs fed the rice-only diet .
The enzymes did not reduce viscosity or protect from PWC .
The results suggest that pearl barley alters the intestinal microenvironment and predisposes to PWC , whilst a low-viscosity , highly digestible diet based on cooked white rice is protective . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of feeding a cereal grain containing NSP on body growth and the intestinal microenvironment of recently weaned pigs , and to examine resultant associations with pathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract . In Expt 1 , pearl barley , a grain rich in soluble NSP , was incorporated ( 250 , 500 or 750 g/kg diet ) into a low-fibre control diet based on cooked white rice and fed for 7-10 d following weaning . Consumption of pearl barley did not significantly alter piglet live-weight gain compared with the control cooked rice diet , but it accelerated large intestinal growth and fermentation , decreased ileal starch digestibility and increased intestinal viscosity . Expt 2 was conducted to determine whether these differences would favour proliferation of enterotoxigenic E coli , the bacterium causing post-weaning colibacillosis ( PWC ) . Three groups of pigs were weaned onto diets based on cooked white rice , rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg , or rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg supplemented with exogenous enzymes ( Porzyme 8100 ; Danisco , Marlborough , Wilts . , UK ) . Pigs were inoculated orally with haemolytic E coli serovar O8 ; K87 ; K88 after weaning . Animals eating the pearl barley had increased viscosity of the intestinal contents , greater intestinal colonisation with the E coli strain and more diarrhoea than pigs fed the rice-only diet . The enzymes did not reduce viscosity or protect from PWC . The results suggest that pearl barley alters the intestinal microenvironment and predisposes to PWC , whilst a low-viscosity , highly digestible diet based on cooked white rice is protective .
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| Title: [ Endosperm-specific expression of the ferritin gene in transgenic rice ( Oryza sativa L ) results in increased iron content of milling rice ] | | Author: Liu QQ Yao QH Wang HM Gu MH .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15478615 Accession (PMID): 15478615 | | Abstract: Iron deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency world-wild , and is estimated to affect about 30% of the world population .
To increase the iron content of rice in Chinese , the 764 bp cDNA of ferritin gene was cloned from soybean ( Phaseolus limensis ) , and constructed between the 1 353 bp rice glutelin GluB-1 promoter and NOS terminator in a binary vector pCAMIBA1301 .
The constructed pYF1067 vector was introduced into Agrobacterium strain EHA105 , and used for transformation of the primary callus derived from immature embryos of a high-yielding rice ( Oryza sativa L ssp . japonica ) variety Wuxiangjin 9 .
Under the selection on hygromycin-containing medium , seventeen independent transgenic rice lines , total more than 80 transgenic plants , were finally regenerated , and most of these transgenic rice plants grew normally .
PCR and Southern blot analysis of total DNA from primary transformants confirmed that one to three copies of the transgenes integrated into the genome of most of the transgenic plants , and they could be stably transmitted into the progeny of the transgenic rice .
Northern blot analysis showed that the ferritin gene could specifically express in the endosperm of transgenic rice with high level , while no or low expression in leaves .
The expression level varied among different independent transgenic rice plants .
There was a significant effect of the high-expression of ferritin on the increased iron content in transgenic rice , the iron content in the milling rice of transgenic rice was up to 64% higher than that of the untransformed wild-type plant , whereas no significant alteration of the zinc level occurred between these two type rice plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Iron deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency world-wild , and is estimated to affect about 30% of the world population . To increase the iron content of rice in Chinese , the 764 bp cDNA of ferritin gene was cloned from soybean ( Phaseolus limensis ) , and constructed between the 1 353 bp rice glutelin GluB-1 promoter and NOS terminator in a binary vector pCAMIBA1301 . The constructed pYF1067 vector was introduced into Agrobacterium strain EHA105 , and used for transformation of the primary callus derived from immature embryos of a high-yielding rice ( Oryza sativa L ssp . japonica ) variety Wuxiangjin 9 . Under the selection on hygromycin-containing medium , seventeen independent transgenic rice lines , total more than 80 transgenic plants , were finally regenerated , and most of these transgenic rice plants grew normally . PCR and Southern blot analysis of total DNA from primary transformants confirmed that one to three copies of the transgenes integrated into the genome of most of the transgenic plants , and they could be stably transmitted into the progeny of the transgenic rice . Northern blot analysis showed that the ferritin gene could specifically express in the endosperm of transgenic rice with high level , while no or low expression in leaves . The expression level varied among different independent transgenic rice plants . There was a significant effect of the high-expression of ferritin on the increased iron content in transgenic rice , the iron content in the milling rice of transgenic rice was up to 64% higher than that of the untransformed wild-type plant , whereas no significant alteration of the zinc level occurred between these two type rice plants .
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| Title: [ Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) on soil microbial biomass under rice-wheat rotation ] | | Author: Li Y Xu G Huang G Shi Y | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15624820 Accession (PMID): 15624820 | | Abstract: The effect of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial biomass in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under rice-wheat rotation was studied under the conditions of routine cultivation , irrigation and fertilization .
The results showed that FACE treatment could significantly increase the amount of soil bacteria in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers during rice jointing stage and wheat wintering and ripening stages .
Elevated CO2 only significantly increased the amount of soil fungi in 0-5 cm soil layer during rice ripening stage .
During the whole period of rotation , the amount of soil bacteria was greater than that of soil fungi . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial biomass in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under rice-wheat rotation was studied under the conditions of routine cultivation , irrigation and fertilization . The results showed that FACE treatment could significantly increase the amount of soil bacteria in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers during rice jointing stage and wheat wintering and ripening stages . Elevated CO2 only significantly increased the amount of soil fungi in 0-5 cm soil layer during rice ripening stage . During the whole period of rotation , the amount of soil bacteria was greater than that of soil fungi .
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| Title: Abscisic acid promoted changes in the protein profiles of rice seedling by proteome analysis .
| | Author: Rakwal R Komatsu S | | Journal: Mol . Biol . Rep . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15663005 Accession (PMID): 15663005 | | Abstract: This study investigates the influence of exogenously applied abscisic acid ( ABA ) on the leaves and leaf sheaths of two-week-old rice seedling at the level of the proteome .
Significant differences were observed in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles between control and ABA treated samples .
Amino-acid sequence analysis of affected proteins revealed that ABA caused drastic changes in the major photosynthetic protein , ribulose 1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and accumulation of certain defense/stress-related proteins .
Moreover , cutting or treating leaf sheaths with jasmonic acid ( JA ) rapidly increased the endogenous level of ABA , suggesting a role for ABA during the defense/stress-response .
Comparative study indicated a potential overlap between ABA and JA as detected at the level of the proteome .
Furthermore , in vitro protein phosphorylation experiments and in-gel kinase assays also revealed considerable changes in the phosphorylation status of some proteins , and differential effects on myelin basic protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase activities by ABA treatment , which suggests involvement of kinase in the downstream signaling cascade .
These results provide evidence at proteome level for the involvement of ABA in stress-response in rice seedling . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study investigates the influence of exogenously applied abscisic acid ( ABA ) on the leaves and leaf sheaths of two-week-old rice seedling at the level of the proteome . Significant differences were observed in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles between control and ABA treated samples . Amino-acid sequence analysis of affected proteins revealed that ABA caused drastic changes in the major photosynthetic protein , ribulose 1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and accumulation of certain defense/stress-related proteins . Moreover , cutting or treating leaf sheaths with jasmonic acid ( JA ) rapidly increased the endogenous level of ABA , suggesting a role for ABA during the defense/stress-response . Comparative study indicated a potential overlap between ABA and JA as detected at the level of the proteome . Furthermore , in vitro protein phosphorylation experiments and in-gel kinase assays also revealed considerable changes in the phosphorylation status of some proteins , and differential effects on myelin basic protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase activities by ABA treatment , which suggests involvement of kinase in the downstream signaling cascade . These results provide evidence at proteome level for the involvement of ABA in stress-response in rice seedling .
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| Title: Equilibrium , kinetics , mechanism , and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk .
| | Author: Vadivelan V Kumar KV .
| | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15848406 Accession (PMID): 15848406 | | Abstract: Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk particles .
The operating variables studied were initial solution pH , initial dye concentration , adsorbent concentration , and contact time .
Equilibrium data were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations and the equilibrium data were found to be well represented by the Langmuir isotherm equation .
The monolayer sorption capacity of rice husks for methylene blue sorption was found to be 40 . 5833 mg/g at room temperature ( 32 degrees C ) .
The sorption was analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the sorption kinetics was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model .
Also the applicability of pseudo second order in modeling the kinetic data was also discussed .
The sorption process was found to be controlled by both surface and pore diffusion with surface diffusion at the earlier stages followed by pore diffusion at the later stages .
The average external mass transfer coefficient and intraparticle diffusion coefficient was found to be 0 . 01133 min ( -1 ) and 0 . 695358 mg/g min0 . 5 .
Analysis of sorption data using a Boyd plot confirms that external mass transfer is the rate limiting step in the sorption process .
The effective diffusion coefficient , Di was calculated using the Boyd constant and was found to be 5 . 05 x 10 ( -04 ) cm2/s for an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L A single-stage batch-adsorber design of the adsorption of methylene blue onto rice husk has been studied based on the Langmuir isotherm equation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk particles . The operating variables studied were initial solution pH , initial dye concentration , adsorbent concentration , and contact time . Equilibrium data were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations and the equilibrium data were found to be well represented by the Langmuir isotherm equation . The monolayer sorption capacity of rice husks for methylene blue sorption was found to be 40 . 5833 mg/g at room temperature ( 32 degrees C ) . The sorption was analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the sorption kinetics was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model . Also the applicability of pseudo second order in modeling the kinetic data was also discussed . The sorption process was found to be controlled by both surface and pore diffusion with surface diffusion at the earlier stages followed by pore diffusion at the later stages . The average external mass transfer coefficient and intraparticle diffusion coefficient was found to be 0 . 01133 min ( -1 ) and 0 . 695358 mg/g min0 . 5 . Analysis of sorption data using a Boyd plot confirms that external mass transfer is the rate limiting step in the sorption process . The effective diffusion coefficient , Di was calculated using the Boyd constant and was found to be 5 . 05 x 10 ( -04 ) cm2/s for an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L A single-stage batch-adsorber design of the adsorption of methylene blue onto rice husk has been studied based on the Langmuir isotherm equation .
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| Title: [ Yield-formation and source-sink characteristics of rice genotypes under two different eco-environments ] | | Author: Wang X Dai T Jiang D Jing Q Cao W | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16011154 Accession (PMID): 16011154 | | Abstract: With nine Japanese varieties and two local cultivars of rice as test materials , this paper studied the characteristics of their yield-formation and source-sink characteristics under different eco-environments of Nanjing and Lijiang .
The results showed that eco-environment had an obvious effect on rice grain yield and dry matter accumulation .
High-yielding rice genotypes could accumulate more dry matter , especially in their late growth period .
They had higher total spikelet number , leaf area index ( LAI ) and crop growth rate ( CGR ) , as compared with other genotypes .
The grain yield increased with increasing total dry matter accumulation , and significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation after heading , total spikelet number , LAI , and spikelet/leaf area ratio .
The results suggested that the lower grain yield in Nanjing than in Lijiang was mainly resulted from the lower LAI , total spikelet , dry matter accumulation and CGR after heading . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: With nine Japanese varieties and two local cultivars of rice as test materials , this paper studied the characteristics of their yield-formation and source-sink characteristics under different eco-environments of Nanjing and Lijiang . The results showed that eco-environment had an obvious effect on rice grain yield and dry matter accumulation . High-yielding rice genotypes could accumulate more dry matter , especially in their late growth period . They had higher total spikelet number , leaf area index ( LAI ) and crop growth rate ( CGR ) , as compared with other genotypes . The grain yield increased with increasing total dry matter accumulation , and significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation after heading , total spikelet number , LAI , and spikelet/leaf area ratio . The results suggested that the lower grain yield in Nanjing than in Lijiang was mainly resulted from the lower LAI , total spikelet , dry matter accumulation and CGR after heading .
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| Title: Hydrogen peroxide is required for abscisic acid-induced NH4+ accumulation in rice leaves .
| | Author: Hung KT Kao CH .
| | Journal: J Plant Physiol .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16173463 Accession (PMID): 16173463 | | Abstract: The role of H2O2 in abscisic acid ( ABA ) -induced NH4+ accumulation in rice leaves was investigated .
ABA treatment resulted in an accumulation of NH4+ in rice leaves , which was preceded by a decrease in the activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and an increase in the specific activities of protease and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) .
GS , PAL , and protease seem to be the enzymes responsible for the accumulation of NH4+ in ABA-treated rice leaves .
Dimethylthiourea ( DMTU ) , a chemical trap for H2O2 , was observed to be effective in inhibiting ABA-induced accumulation of NH4+ in rice Leaves .
Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase , diphenyleneiodonium chloride ( DPI ) and imidazole ( IMD ) , and nitric oxide donor ( N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone , PBN ) , which have previously been shown to prevent ABA-induced increase in H2O2 contents in rice leaves , inhibited ABA-induced increase in the content of NH4+ .
Similarly , the changes of enzymes responsible for NH4+ accumulation induced by ABA were observed to be inhibited by DMTU , DPI , IMD , and PBN .
Exogenous application of H2O2 was found to increase NH4+ content , decrease GS activity , and increase protease and PAL-specific activities in rice leaves .
Our results suggest that H2O2 is involved in ABA-induced NH4+ accumulation in rice leaves . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The role of H2O2 in abscisic acid ( ABA ) -induced NH4+ accumulation in rice leaves was investigated . ABA treatment resulted in an accumulation of NH4+ in rice leaves , which was preceded by a decrease in the activity of glutamine synthetase ( GS ) and an increase in the specific activities of protease and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) . GS , PAL , and protease seem to be the enzymes responsible for the accumulation of NH4+ in ABA-treated rice leaves . Dimethylthiourea ( DMTU ) , a chemical trap for H2O2 , was observed to be effective in inhibiting ABA-induced accumulation of NH4+ in rice Leaves . Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase , diphenyleneiodonium chloride ( DPI ) and imidazole ( IMD ) , and nitric oxide donor ( N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone , PBN ) , which have previously been shown to prevent ABA-induced increase in H2O2 contents in rice leaves , inhibited ABA-induced increase in the content of NH4+ . Similarly , the changes of enzymes responsible for NH4+ accumulation induced by ABA were observed to be inhibited by DMTU , DPI , IMD , and PBN . Exogenous application of H2O2 was found to increase NH4+ content , decrease GS activity , and increase protease and PAL-specific activities in rice leaves . Our results suggest that H2O2 is involved in ABA-induced NH4+ accumulation in rice leaves .
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| Title: Genomic research in Eucalyptus .
| | Author: Poke FS Vaillancourt RE Potts BM Reid JB .
| | Journal: Genetica Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16175457 Accession (PMID): 16175457 | | Abstract: Eucalyptus LHrit . is a genus comprised of more than 700 species that is of vital importance ecologically to Australia and to the forestry industry world-wide , being grown in plantations for the production of solid wood products as well as pulp for paper .
With the sequencing of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and the recent completion of the first tree genome sequence , Populus trichocarpa , attention has turned to the current status of genomic research in Eucalyptus .
For several eucalypt species , large segregating families have been established , high-resolution genetic maps constructed and large EST databases generated .
Collaborative efforts have been initiated for the integration of diverse genomic projects and will provide the framework for future research including exploiting the sequence of the entire eucalypt genome which is currently being sequenced .
This review summarises the current position of genomic research in Eucalyptus and discusses the direction of future research . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Eucalyptus LHrit . is a genus comprised of more than 700 species that is of vital importance ecologically to Australia and to the forestry industry world-wide , being grown in plantations for the production of solid wood products as well as pulp for paper . With the sequencing of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and the recent completion of the first tree genome sequence , Populus trichocarpa , attention has turned to the current status of genomic research in Eucalyptus . For several eucalypt species , large segregating families have been established , high-resolution genetic maps constructed and large EST databases generated . Collaborative efforts have been initiated for the integration of diverse genomic projects and will provide the framework for future research including exploiting the sequence of the entire eucalypt genome which is currently being sequenced . This review summarises the current position of genomic research in Eucalyptus and discusses the direction of future research .
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| Title: EU-OSTID : a collection of transposon insertional mutants for functional genomics in rice .
| | Author: van Enckevort LJ Droc G Piffanelli P Greco R Gagneur C Weber C Gonzlez VM Cabot P Fornara F Berri S Miro B Lan P Rafel M Capell T Puigdomnech P Ouwerkerk PB Meijer AH Pe E Colombo L Christou P Guiderdoni E Pereira A | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16217605 Accession (PMID): 16217605 | | Abstract: A collection of 1373 unique flanking sequence tags ( FSTs ) , generated from Ac/Ds and Ac transposon lines for reverse genetics studies , were produced in japonica and indica rice , respectively .
The Ds and Ac FSTs together with the original T-DNAs were assigned a position in the rice genome sequence represented as assembled pseudomolecules , and found to be distributed evenly over the entire rice genome with a distinct bias for predicted gene-rich regions .
The bias of the Ds and Ac transposon inserts for genes was exemplified by the presence of 59% of the inserts in genes annotated on the rice chromosomes and 41% present in genes transcribed as disclosed by their homology to cDNA clones .
In a screen for inserts in a set of 75 well annotated transcription factors , including homeobox-containing genes , we found six Ac/Ds inserts .
This high frequency of Ds and Ac inserts in genes suggests that saturated knockout mutagenesis in rice using this strategy will be efficient and possible with a lower number of inserts than expected .
These FSTs and the corresponding plant lines are publicly available through OrygenesDB database and from the EU consortium members . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A collection of 1373 unique flanking sequence tags ( FSTs ) , generated from Ac/Ds and Ac transposon lines for reverse genetics studies , were produced in japonica and indica rice , respectively . The Ds and Ac FSTs together with the original T-DNAs were assigned a position in the rice genome sequence represented as assembled pseudomolecules , and found to be distributed evenly over the entire rice genome with a distinct bias for predicted gene-rich regions . The bias of the Ds and Ac transposon inserts for genes was exemplified by the presence of 59% of the inserts in genes annotated on the rice chromosomes and 41% present in genes transcribed as disclosed by their homology to cDNA clones . In a screen for inserts in a set of 75 well annotated transcription factors , including homeobox-containing genes , we found six Ac/Ds inserts . This high frequency of Ds and Ac inserts in genes suggests that saturated knockout mutagenesis in rice using this strategy will be efficient and possible with a lower number of inserts than expected . These FSTs and the corresponding plant lines are publicly available through OrygenesDB database and from the EU consortium members .
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| Title: Elevated levels of cadmium and zinc in paddy soils and elevated levels of cadmium in rice grain downstream of a zinc mineralized area in Thailand : implications for public health .
| | Author: Simmons RW Pongsakul P Saiyasitpanich D Klinphoklap S | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16237606 Accession (PMID): 16237606 | | Abstract: Prolonged consumption of rice containing elevated cadmium ( Cd ) levels is a significant health issue particularly in subsistence communities that are dependent on rice produced on-farm .
This situation is further exacerbated in areas of known non-ferrous mineralization adjacent to rice-based agricultural systems where the opportunity for contamination of rice and its eventual entry into the food chain is high .
In the current study , an assessment of the degree of soil Cd and Zn contamination and associated rice grain Cd contamination downstream of an actively mined zone of Zn mineralization in western Thailand was undertaken .
Total soil Cd and Zn concentrations in the rice-based agricultural system investigated ranged from 0 . 5 to 284 mg kg ( -1 ) and 100 to 8036 mg kg ( -1 ) , respectively .
Further , the results indicate that the contamination is associated with suspended sediment transported to fields via the irrigation supply .
Consequently , the spatial distribution of Cd and Zn is directly related to a fields proximity to primary outlets from in-field irrigation channels and inter-field irrigation flows with 60-100% of the Cd and Zn loading associated with the first three fields in irrigation sequence .
Rice grain Cd concentrations in the 524 fields sampled , ranged from 0 . 05 to 7 . 7 mg kg ( -1 ) .
Over 90% of the rice grain samples collected contained Cd at concentrations exceeding the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants ( CCFAC ) draft Maximum Permissible Level for rice grain of 0 . 2 mg Cd kg ( -1 ) .
In addition , as a function of demographic group , estimated Weekly Intake ( WI ) values ranged from 20 to 82 mug Cd per kg Body .
This poses a significant public health risk to local communities .
The results of this study suggest that an irrigation sequence-based field classification technique in combination with strategic soil and rice grain sampling and the estimation of WI values via rice intake alone may be a useful decision support tool to rapidly evaluate potential public health risks in irrigated rice-based agricultural systems receiving Cd contaminated irrigation water .
In addition , the proposed technique will facilitate the cost effective strategic targeting of detailed epidemiological studies thus focusing resources to specific high risk areas . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the current study , an assessment of the degree of soil Cd and Zn contamination and associated rice grain Cd contamination downstream of an actively mined zone of Zn mineralization in western Thailand was undertaken . Total soil Cd and Zn concentrations in the rice-based agricultural system investigated ranged from 0 . 5 to 284 mg kg ( -1 ) and 100 to 8036 mg kg ( -1 ) , respectively . Further , the results indicate that the contamination is associated with suspended sediment transported to fields via the irrigation supply . Consequently , the spatial distribution of Cd and Zn is directly related to a fields proximity to primary outlets from in-field irrigation channels and inter-field irrigation flows with 60-100% of the Cd and Zn loading associated with the first three fields in irrigation sequence . Rice grain Cd concentrations in the 524 fields sampled , ranged from 0 . 05 to 7 . 7 mg kg ( -1 ) . Over 90% of the rice grain samples collected contained Cd at concentrations exceeding the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants ( CCFAC ) draft Maximum Permissible Level for rice grain of 0 . 2 mg Cd kg ( -1 ) . In addition , as a function of demographic group , estimated Weekly Intake ( WI ) values ranged from 20 to 82 mug Cd per kg Body . This poses a significant public health risk to local communities . The results of this study suggest that an irrigation sequence-based field classification technique in combination with strategic soil and rice grain sampling and the estimation of WI values via rice intake alone may be a useful decision support tool to rapidly evaluate potential public health risks in irrigated rice-based agricultural systems receiving Cd contaminated irrigation water . In addition , the proposed technique will facilitate the cost effective strategic targeting of detailed epidemiological studies thus focusing resources to specific high risk areas .
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| Title: Distinct and cooperative functions of phytochromes A , B , and C in the control of deetiolation and flowering in rice .
| | Author: Takano M Inagaki N Xie X Yuzurihara N Hihara F Ishizuka T Yano M Nishimura M Miyao A Hirochika H Shinomura T | | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16278346 Accession (PMID): 16278346 | | Abstract: We have isolated phytochrome B ( phyB ) and phyC mutants from rice ( Oryza sativa ) and have produced all combinations of double mutants .
Seedlings of phyB and phyB phyC mutants exhibited a partial loss of sensitivity to continuous red light ( Rc ) but still showed significant deetiolation responses .
The responses to Rc were completely canceled in phyA phyB double mutants .
These results indicate that phyA and phyB act in a highly redundant manner to control deetiolation under Rc .
Under continuous far-red light ( FRc ) , phyA mutants showed partially impaired deetiolation , and phyA phyC double mutants showed no significant residual phytochrome responses , indicating that not only phyA but also phyC is involved in the photoperception of FRc in rice .
Interestingly , the phyB phyC double mutant displayed clear R/FR reversibility in the pulse irradiation experiments , indicating that both phyA and phyB can mediate the low-fluence response for gene expression .
Rice is a short-day plant , and we found that mutation in either phyB or phyC caused moderate early flowering under the long-day photoperiod , while monogenic phyA mutation had little effect on the flowering time .
The phyA mutation , however , in combination with phyB or phyC mutation caused dramatic early flowering . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have isolated phytochrome B ( phyB ) and phyC mutants from rice ( Oryza sativa ) and have produced all combinations of double mutants . Seedlings of phyB and phyB phyC mutants exhibited a partial loss of sensitivity to continuous red light ( Rc ) but still showed significant deetiolation responses . The responses to Rc were completely canceled in phyA phyB double mutants . These results indicate that phyA and phyB act in a highly redundant manner to control deetiolation under Rc . Under continuous far-red light ( FRc ) , phyA mutants showed partially impaired deetiolation , and phyA phyC double mutants showed no significant residual phytochrome responses , indicating that not only phyA but also phyC is involved in the photoperception of FRc in rice . Interestingly , the phyB phyC double mutant displayed clear R/FR reversibility in the pulse irradiation experiments , indicating that both phyA and phyB can mediate the low-fluence response for gene expression . Rice is a short-day plant , and we found that mutation in either phyB or phyC caused moderate early flowering under the long-day photoperiod , while monogenic phyA mutation had little effect on the flowering time . The phyA mutation , however , in combination with phyB or phyC mutation caused dramatic early flowering .
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| Title: Problems of the Acetylene Reduction Technique Applied to Water-Saturated Paddy Soils .
| | Author: Lee KK Watanabe I | | Journal: Year: 1977 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16345257 Accession (PMID): 16345257 | | Abstract: The acetylene reduction assay for the measurement of N ( 2 ) fixation in a water-saturated paddy soil is limited by the slow diffusion of acetylene and ethylene .
In laboratory incubation tests , vigorous shaking after the assay period is needed to release ethylene into the gas within the assay vials .
Shaking prior to the incubation is also effective for dissolving acetylene in the water-saturated soil .
However , a water-saturated soil depth of less than 10 mm during incubation is recommended .
In field assays , some amounts of ethylene remain in the water-saturated soil phase of the acetylene reduction assay chamber , but stirring the water-saturated soil before sampling reduces the amount of ethylene remaining in soil .
Evidence of a downward movement of acetylene and an upward movement of ethylene through rice plants was obtained .
Because of the rapid transfer of acetylene to rice plant roots , an in situ acetylene reduction assay covering a rice hill is likely to detect nitrogen fixation in the proximity of roots where acetylene is easily accessible .
Acetylene introduction to the water-saturated soil phase prior to assay did not greatly increase the acetylene reduction rate .
Carbon dioxide enrichment in the assay chamber did not enhance nitrogen fixation in a paddy including rice and algae during a 1-day cycle .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The acetylene reduction assay for the measurement of N ( 2 ) fixation in a water-saturated paddy soil is limited by the slow diffusion of acetylene and ethylene . In laboratory incubation tests , vigorous shaking after the assay period is needed to release ethylene into the gas within the assay vials . Shaking prior to the incubation is also effective for dissolving acetylene in the water-saturated soil . However , a water-saturated soil depth of less than 10 mm during incubation is recommended . In field assays , some amounts of ethylene remain in the water-saturated soil phase of the acetylene reduction assay chamber , but stirring the water-saturated soil before sampling reduces the amount of ethylene remaining in soil . Evidence of a downward movement of acetylene and an upward movement of ethylene through rice plants was obtained . Because of the rapid transfer of acetylene to rice plant roots , an in situ acetylene reduction assay covering a rice hill is likely to detect nitrogen fixation in the proximity of roots where acetylene is easily accessible . Acetylene introduction to the water-saturated soil phase prior to assay did not greatly increase the acetylene reduction rate . Carbon dioxide enrichment in the assay chamber did not enhance nitrogen fixation in a paddy including rice and algae during a 1-day cycle .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: On the theory of the reaction rate of vibrationally excited CO molecules with OH radicals .
| | Author: Chen WC Marcus RA .
| | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16422582 Accession (PMID): 16422582 | | Abstract: The dependence of the rate of the reaction CO+OH-->H+CO2 on the CO-vibrational excitation is treated here theoretically .
Both the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus ( RRKM ) rate constant kRRKM and a nonstatistical modification knon [ W-C Chen and R A Marcus , J Chem . Phys . 123 , 094307 ( 2005 ) . ] are used in the analysis .
The experimentally measured rate constant shows an apparent ( large error bars ) decrease with increasing CO-vibrational temperature Tv over the range of Tvs studied , 298-1800 K Both kRRKM ( Tv ) and knon ( Tv ) show the same trend over the Tv-range studied , but the knon ( Tv ) vs Tv plot shows a larger effect .
The various trends can be understood in simple terms .
The calculated rate constant kv decreases with increasing CO vibrational quantum number v , on going from v=0 to v=1 , by factors of 1 . 5 and 3 in the RRKM and nonstatistical calculations , respectively .
It then increases when v is increased further .
These results can be regarded as a prediction when v state-selected rate constants become available .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The dependence of the rate of the reaction CO+OH-->H+CO2 on the CO-vibrational excitation is treated here theoretically . Both the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus ( RRKM ) rate constant kRRKM and a nonstatistical modification knon [ W-C Chen and R A Marcus , J Chem . Phys . 123 , 094307 ( 2005 ) . ] are used in the analysis . The experimentally measured rate constant shows an apparent ( large error bars ) decrease with increasing CO-vibrational temperature Tv over the range of Tvs studied , 298-1800 K Both kRRKM ( Tv ) and knon ( Tv ) show the same trend over the Tv-range studied , but the knon ( Tv ) vs Tv plot shows a larger effect . The various trends can be understood in simple terms . The calculated rate constant kv decreases with increasing CO vibrational quantum number v , on going from v=0 to v=1 , by factors of 1 . 5 and 3 in the RRKM and nonstatistical calculations , respectively . It then increases when v is increased further . These results can be regarded as a prediction when v state-selected rate constants become available .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification of differentially expressed genes in brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens ( Hemiptera : Delphacidae ) responding to host plant resistance .
| | Author: Yang Z Zhang F Zhu L He G | | Journal: Bull . Entomol . Res . Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16441905 Accession (PMID): 16441905 | | Abstract: The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stl is one of the major insect pests of rice Oryza sativa L The host resistance exhibits profound effects on growth , development and propagation of N lugens .
To investigate the molecular response of N lugens to host resistance , a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism ( cDNA-AFLP ) technique was employed to identify the differentially expressed genes in the nymphs feeding on three rice varieties .
Of the 2 , 800 cDNA bands analysed , 54 were up-regulated and seven down-regulated qualitatively in N lugens when the ingestion sources were changed from susceptible rice plants to resistant ones .
Sequence analysis of the differential transcript-derived fragments showed that the genes involved in signalling , stress response , gene expression regulation , detoxification and metabolism were regulated by host resistance .
Four of the transcript-derived fragments corresponding to genes encoding for a putative B subunit of phosphatase PP2A , a nemo kinase , a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and a prolyl endopeptidase were further characterized in detail .
Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of the four genes was enhanced in N lugens feeding on resistant rice plants .
The roles of these genes in the defensive response of N lugens to host plant resistance were discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stl is one of the major insect pests of rice Oryza sativa L The host resistance exhibits profound effects on growth , development and propagation of N lugens . To investigate the molecular response of N lugens to host resistance , a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism ( cDNA-AFLP ) technique was employed to identify the differentially expressed genes in the nymphs feeding on three rice varieties . Of the 2 , 800 cDNA bands analysed , 54 were up-regulated and seven down-regulated qualitatively in N lugens when the ingestion sources were changed from susceptible rice plants to resistant ones . Sequence analysis of the differential transcript-derived fragments showed that the genes involved in signalling , stress response , gene expression regulation , detoxification and metabolism were regulated by host resistance . Four of the transcript-derived fragments corresponding to genes encoding for a putative B subunit of phosphatase PP2A , a nemo kinase , a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and a prolyl endopeptidase were further characterized in detail . Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of the four genes was enhanced in N lugens feeding on resistant rice plants . The roles of these genes in the defensive response of N lugens to host plant resistance were discussed .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Rice domestication by reducing shattering .
| | Author: Li C Zhou A Sang T | | Journal: Science Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16527928 Accession (PMID): 16527928 | | Abstract: Crop domestication frequently began with the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds .
The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect .
The molecular basis of this key domestication transition , however , remains unknown .
Here we show that human selection of an amino acid substitution in the predicted DNA binding domain encoded by a gene of previously unknown function was primarily responsible for the reduction of grain shattering in rice domestication .
The substitution undermined the gene function necessary for the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Crop domestication frequently began with the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds . The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect . The molecular basis of this key domestication transition , however , remains unknown . Here we show that human selection of an amino acid substitution in the predicted DNA binding domain encoded by a gene of previously unknown function was primarily responsible for the reduction of grain shattering in rice domestication . The substitution undermined the gene function necessary for the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Evidence for PSII donor-side damage and photoinhibition induced by cadmium treatment on rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Pagliano C Raviolo M Dalla Vecchia F Gabbrielli R Gonnelli C Rascio N Barbato R La Rocca N | | Journal: J Photochem . Photobiol . B , Biol .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16540337 Accession (PMID): 16540337 | | Abstract: The effects of cadmium ( from 7 . 5 to 75 microM ) on chloroplasts of rice were studied at the structural and biochemical level .
Loss of pigments , reduction of thylakoids and decrease in oxygen evolution and Fv/Fm ratio occur in leaves following cadmium treatment .
However , the amount of photosystem II reaction center proteins and that of its light harvesting complex is not affected , indicating that cadmium does not adversely influence the structural organization of this photosystem .
In thylakoids isolated from cadmium-treated plants a loss in the capability to reduce 2 , 6-dichlorophenolindophenol is observed , which is partially restored if diphenylcarbazide is used as an electron donor , indicating that cadmium affects water splitting activity .
In thylakoids isolated from control plants and treated with cadmium , diphenylcarbazide preserves most of the photosystem II activity lost after incubation with cadmium ; most of the S ( 2 ) multiline electron paramagnetic resonance signal from the manganese cluster is lost , whereas the TyrD ( + ) and other signals are retained .
Light-induced photosystem II damage , in vitro , is promoted by Cd-treatment as deduced from the mobility shift of the D1 protein observed by immunoblot . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of cadmium ( from 7 . 5 to 75 microM ) on chloroplasts of rice were studied at the structural and biochemical level . Loss of pigments , reduction of thylakoids and decrease in oxygen evolution and Fv/Fm ratio occur in leaves following cadmium treatment . However , the amount of photosystem II reaction center proteins and that of its light harvesting complex is not affected , indicating that cadmium does not adversely influence the structural organization of this photosystem . In thylakoids isolated from cadmium-treated plants a loss in the capability to reduce 2 , 6-dichlorophenolindophenol is observed , which is partially restored if diphenylcarbazide is used as an electron donor , indicating that cadmium affects water splitting activity . In thylakoids isolated from control plants and treated with cadmium , diphenylcarbazide preserves most of the photosystem II activity lost after incubation with cadmium ; most of the S ( 2 ) multiline electron paramagnetic resonance signal from the manganese cluster is lost , whereas the TyrD ( + ) and other signals are retained . Light-induced photosystem II damage , in vitro , is promoted by Cd-treatment as deduced from the mobility shift of the D1 protein observed by immunoblot .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The chemical weed control of maize culture in the Danube meadow .
| | Author: Poienaru S Sarpe N Sarpe I | | Journal: Commun . Agric . Appl . Biol . Sci .
Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16637216 Accession (PMID): 16637216 | | Abstract: In the world , maize covers about 150 million hectares , following close to rice and wheat .
( Balteanu 2000 ) In Romania , maize culture covers an area of more than 3 , 500 , 000 hectares from the overall arable soil , being cultivated in all Romanian districts .
Chemical weed control took the greatest extension in the world , at the same time with the synthesis of Atrazine , in 1956 , in the laboratories of JR Geigy Company , as a super-selective herbicide for the maize culture .
This is why many researchers from all continents studied weed control of maize culture , using Atrazine together with other 50 herbicides synthesized until 2004 .
In the embanked meadow of the Danube , from the 500 , 000 hectares of arable soil , the maize covers the greatest area .
For this reasons , the chemical weed control was granted a great attention by using different herbicides based on Atrazine , Alachlor , Acetochlor , Butilat , Pendimethalin , Dicamba , 2 , 4-D At the same time , in the experiments from the Danube Meadow , the authors also studied the efficiency of some combined herbicides : Butizin , Magnific , Guardian Extra is Tazastomp .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the world , maize covers about 150 million hectares , following close to rice and wheat . ( Balteanu 2000 ) In Romania , maize culture covers an area of more than 3 , 500 , 000 hectares from the overall arable soil , being cultivated in all Romanian districts . Chemical weed control took the greatest extension in the world , at the same time with the synthesis of Atrazine , in 1956 , in the laboratories of JR Geigy Company , as a super-selective herbicide for the maize culture . This is why many researchers from all continents studied weed control of maize culture , using Atrazine together with other 50 herbicides synthesized until 2004 . In the embanked meadow of the Danube , from the 500 , 000 hectares of arable soil , the maize covers the greatest area . For this reasons , the chemical weed control was granted a great attention by using different herbicides based on Atrazine , Alachlor , Acetochlor , Butilat , Pendimethalin , Dicamba , 2 , 4-D At the same time , in the experiments from the Danube Meadow , the authors also studied the efficiency of some combined herbicides : Butizin , Magnific , Guardian Extra is Tazastomp .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biochemical characterization of the major sorghum grain peroxidase .
| | Author: Dicko MH Gruppen H Hilhorst R Voragen AG van Berkel WJ .
| | Journal: FEBS J Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16650004 Accession (PMID): 16650004 | | Abstract: The major cationic peroxidase in sorghum grain ( SPC4 ) , which is ubiquitously present in all sorghum varieties was purified to apparent homogeneity , and found to be a highly basic protein ( pI approximately 11 ) .
MS analysis showed that SPC4 consists of two glycoforms with molecular masses of 34 , 227 and 35 , 629 Da and it contains a type-b heme .
Chemical deglycosylation allowed to estimate sugar contents of 3 . 0% and 6 . 7% ( w/w ) in glycoform I and II , respectively , and a mass of the apoprotein of 33 , 246 Da .
High performance anion exchange chromatography allowed to determine the carbohydrate constituents of the polysaccharide chains .
The N-terminal sequence of SPC4 is not blocked by pyroglutamate .
MS analysis showed that six peptides , including the N-terminal sequence of SPC4 matched with the predicted tryptic peptides of gene indice TC102191 of sorghum chromosome 1 , indicating that TC102191 codes for the N-terminal part of the sequence of SPC4 , including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids .
The N-terminal fragment of SPC4 ( 213 amino acids ) has a high sequence identity with barley BP1 ( 85% ) , rice Prx23 ( 90% ) , wheat WSP1 ( 82% ) and maize peroxidase ( 58% ) , indicative for a common ancestor .
SPC4 is activated by calcium ions .
Ca2+ binding increased the protein conformational stability by raising the melting temperature ( Tm ) from 67 to 82 degrees C SPC4 catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic substrates , being catalytically more efficient with hydroxycinnamates than with tyrosine derivatives .
In spite of the conserved active sites , SPC4 differs from BP1 in being active with aromatic compounds above pH 5 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The major cationic peroxidase in sorghum grain ( SPC4 ) , which is ubiquitously present in all sorghum varieties was purified to apparent homogeneity , and found to be a highly basic protein ( pI approximately 11 ) . MS analysis showed that SPC4 consists of two glycoforms with molecular masses of 34 , 227 and 35 , 629 Da and it contains a type-b heme . Chemical deglycosylation allowed to estimate sugar contents of 3 . 0% and 6 . 7% ( w/w ) in glycoform I and II , respectively , and a mass of the apoprotein of 33 , 246 Da . High performance anion exchange chromatography allowed to determine the carbohydrate constituents of the polysaccharide chains . The N-terminal sequence of SPC4 is not blocked by pyroglutamate . MS analysis showed that six peptides , including the N-terminal sequence of SPC4 matched with the predicted tryptic peptides of gene indice TC102191 of sorghum chromosome 1 , indicating that TC102191 codes for the N-terminal part of the sequence of SPC4 , including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids . The N-terminal fragment of SPC4 ( 213 amino acids ) has a high sequence identity with barley BP1 ( 85% ) , rice Prx23 ( 90% ) , wheat WSP1 ( 82% ) and maize peroxidase ( 58% ) , indicative for a common ancestor . SPC4 is activated by calcium ions . Ca2+ binding increased the protein conformational stability by raising the melting temperature ( Tm ) from 67 to 82 degrees C SPC4 catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic substrates , being catalytically more efficient with hydroxycinnamates than with tyrosine derivatives . In spite of the conserved active sites , SPC4 differs from BP1 in being active with aromatic compounds above pH 5 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Glutamine Synthetase in Rice : A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ENZYMES FROM ROOTS AND LEAVES .
| | Author: Hirel B Gadal P | | Journal: Year: 1980 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16661490 Accession (PMID): 16661490 | | Abstract: Chromatographic , kinetic , and regulatory properties of glutamine synthetase in rice were investigated .
By DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography , two forms ( glutamine synthetase 1 and glutamine synthetase 2 ) were identified in leaves and one form ( glutamine synthetase R ) was identified in roots .
Purification on hydroxyapatite and gel electrophoresis showed that glutamine synthetase R was distinct from the leaf enzymes .
The three isoforms were purified to similar specific activities and their properties were studied .
Heat lability , pH optimum about 8 , K ( m ) for l-glutamate of 20 millimolar , and inhibition by glucosamine 6-phosphate were the main characteristics of glutamine synthetase 2 .
Heat stability , pH optimum about 7 . 5 , K ( m ) for l-glutamate of 2 millimolar , and no effect of glucosamine 6-phosphate differentiated glutamine synthetase 1 from glutamine synthetase 2 .
Glutamine synthetase R was also a labile protein but its kinetic and regulatory properties were quite similar to those of glutamine synthetase 1 .
These results clearly demonstrate the existence of three isoforms of glutamine synthetase in rice , two of which are located in the leaves and the third in the roots .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chromatographic , kinetic , and regulatory properties of glutamine synthetase in rice were investigated . By DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography , two forms ( glutamine synthetase 1 and glutamine synthetase 2 ) were identified in leaves and one form ( glutamine synthetase R ) was identified in roots . Purification on hydroxyapatite and gel electrophoresis showed that glutamine synthetase R was distinct from the leaf enzymes . The three isoforms were purified to similar specific activities and their properties were studied . Heat lability , pH optimum about 8 , K ( m ) for l-glutamate of 20 millimolar , and inhibition by glucosamine 6-phosphate were the main characteristics of glutamine synthetase 2 . Heat stability , pH optimum about 7 . 5 , K ( m ) for l-glutamate of 2 millimolar , and no effect of glucosamine 6-phosphate differentiated glutamine synthetase 1 from glutamine synthetase 2 . Glutamine synthetase R was also a labile protein but its kinetic and regulatory properties were quite similar to those of glutamine synthetase 1 . These results clearly demonstrate the existence of three isoforms of glutamine synthetase in rice , two of which are located in the leaves and the third in the roots .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Comparison assessment of water use and damage between modern and traditional rice irrigation schemes : case of Usangu basin , Tanzania .
| | Author: Machibya M Mdemu M | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16705837 Accession (PMID): 16705837 | | Abstract: Water management and competition between users in water scarce river basins is a major challenge facing the human race .
The inter dependence of users in such basins , necessitates a clear understanding of each user in relation to the location , the water demand , and the duration of water need .
The understanding of these factors , together , is very important for the management of water resources in such basins without which , it is argued that , water is overused and wasted .
As an example of this , the large modern and improved rice irrigation systems in Tanzania are believed to use water more efficient than the traditional irrigation systems .
Yet , well-founded scientific analyses are a necessary part to quantify such beliefs as they can inform us whether the natural resource , in such systems , is properly utilized and managed or not .
Likewise , such studies can allow us to quantify how much water is over used and thus the natural resource is unnecessarily degraded .
This paper explores a study conducted in the Usangu basin , Tanzania , to investigate the gross and net needs for modern and traditional rice irrigation schemes , and the implications with regards to water resource management and damage .
Problems relating to modernization of traditional smallholder irrigation systems and upstream--downstream water users are further discussed .
The paper concludes from the study that modern irrigation schemes are inefficient compared to traditional irrigation schemes .
Also modernization of traditional schemes in the study area have resulted into over abstraction and reduced productivity of water .
Looking to the future , this study tells us that improvement or modernization of irrigation infrastructure should be balanced between negative impacts to available water resources albeit its significant economic contribution to the community . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Water management and competition between users in water scarce river basins is a major challenge facing the human race . The inter dependence of users in such basins , necessitates a clear understanding of each user in relation to the location , the water demand , and the duration of water need . The understanding of these factors , together , is very important for the management of water resources in such basins without which , it is argued that , water is overused and wasted . As an example of this , the large modern and improved rice irrigation systems in Tanzania are believed to use water more efficient than the traditional irrigation systems . Yet , well-founded scientific analyses are a necessary part to quantify such beliefs as they can inform us whether the natural resource , in such systems , is properly utilized and managed or not . Likewise , such studies can allow us to quantify how much water is over used and thus the natural resource is unnecessarily degraded . This paper explores a study conducted in the Usangu basin , Tanzania , to investigate the gross and net needs for modern and traditional rice irrigation schemes , and the implications with regards to water resource management and damage . Problems relating to modernization of traditional smallholder irrigation systems and upstream--downstream water users are further discussed . The paper concludes from the study that modern irrigation schemes are inefficient compared to traditional irrigation schemes . Also modernization of traditional schemes in the study area have resulted into over abstraction and reduced productivity of water . Looking to the future , this study tells us that improvement or modernization of irrigation infrastructure should be balanced between negative impacts to available water resources albeit its significant economic contribution to the community .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel rice MAPK gene , OsBIMK2 , is involved in disease-resistance responses .
| | Author: Song D Chen J Song F Zheng Z | | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16755461 Accession (PMID): 16755461 | | Abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play important roles in transmission of extracellular signals to the downstream effector proteins through a mechanism of protein phosphorylation .
In this study , we isolated and identified a novel rice MAPK gene , OSBIMK2 ( ORYZAE SATIVA L BTH-Induced MAP Kinase 2 ) .
The OSBIMK2 encodes a 506 amino acid protein with molecular weight of 63 kD .
The recombinant OSBIMK2 expressed in ESCHERICHIA COLI showed an autophosphorylation activity IN VITRO .
OSBIMK2 is a single-copy gene in the rice genome .
Expression of OSBIMK2 was activated upon treatment with benzothiadiazole ( BTH ) , which is capable of inducing disease resistance in rice .
Expression of OsBIMK2 was also up-regulated during early stage after inoculation with MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA in BTH-treated rice seedlings and during an incompatible interaction between M GRISEA and a blast-resistant rice genotype .
Over-expression of the rice OSBIMK2 gene in transgenic tobacco resulted in an enhanced disease resistance against tomato mosaic virus and a fungal pathogen , ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA .
These results suggest that OSBIMK2 plays a role in disease resistance responses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play important roles in transmission of extracellular signals to the downstream effector proteins through a mechanism of protein phosphorylation . In this study , we isolated and identified a novel rice MAPK gene , OSBIMK2 ( ORYZAE SATIVA L BTH-Induced MAP Kinase 2 ) . The OSBIMK2 encodes a 506 amino acid protein with molecular weight of 63 kD . The recombinant OSBIMK2 expressed in ESCHERICHIA COLI showed an autophosphorylation activity IN VITRO . OSBIMK2 is a single-copy gene in the rice genome . Expression of OSBIMK2 was activated upon treatment with benzothiadiazole ( BTH ) , which is capable of inducing disease resistance in rice . Expression of OsBIMK2 was also up-regulated during early stage after inoculation with MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA in BTH-treated rice seedlings and during an incompatible interaction between M GRISEA and a blast-resistant rice genotype . Over-expression of the rice OSBIMK2 gene in transgenic tobacco resulted in an enhanced disease resistance against tomato mosaic virus and a fungal pathogen , ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA . These results suggest that OSBIMK2 plays a role in disease resistance responses .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation ( Y151S ) causes reduced agonist potency to a range of neonicotinoid insecticides .
| | Author: Liu Z Williamson MS Lansdell SJ Han Z Denholm I Millar NS .
| | Journal: J Neurochem .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16981889 Accession (PMID): 16981889 | | Abstract: Neonicotinoid insecticides are potent selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) .
Since their introduction in 1991 , resistance to neonicotinoids has been slow to develop , but it is now established in some insect field populations such as the planthopper , Nilaparvata lugens , a major rice pest in many parts of Asia .
We have reported recently the identification of a target-site mutation ( Y151S ) within two nAChR subunits ( Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha3 ) from a laboratory-selected field population of N lugens .
In the present study , we have examined the influence of this mutation upon the functional properties of recombinant nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes ( as hybrid nAChRs , co-expressed with a rat beta2 subunit ) .
The agonist potency of several nicotinic agonists has been examined , including all of the neonicotinoid insecticides that are currently licensed for either crop protection or animal health applications ( acetamiprid , clothianidin , dinotefuran , imidacloprid , nitenpyram , thiacloprid and thiamethoxam ) .
The Y151S mutation was found to have no significant effect on the maximal current ( I ( max ) ) observed with the endogenous agonist , acetylcholine .
In contrast , a significant reduction in I ( max ) was observed for all neonicotinoids ( the I ( max ) for mutant nAChRs ranged from 13 to 81% of that observed on wild-type receptors ) .
In addition , nAChRs containing the Y151S mutation caused a significant rightward shift in agonist dose-response curves for all neonicotinoids , but of varying magnitude ( shifts in EC ( 50 ) values ranged from 1 . 3 to 3 . 6-fold ) .
The relationship between neonicotinoid structure and their potency on nAChRs containing the Y151S target-site mutation is discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Neonicotinoid insecticides are potent selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) . Since their introduction in 1991 , resistance to neonicotinoids has been slow to develop , but it is now established in some insect field populations such as the planthopper , Nilaparvata lugens , a major rice pest in many parts of Asia . We have reported recently the identification of a target-site mutation ( Y151S ) within two nAChR subunits ( Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha3 ) from a laboratory-selected field population of N lugens . In the present study , we have examined the influence of this mutation upon the functional properties of recombinant nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes ( as hybrid nAChRs , co-expressed with a rat beta2 subunit ) . The agonist potency of several nicotinic agonists has been examined , including all of the neonicotinoid insecticides that are currently licensed for either crop protection or animal health applications ( acetamiprid , clothianidin , dinotefuran , imidacloprid , nitenpyram , thiacloprid and thiamethoxam ) . The Y151S mutation was found to have no significant effect on the maximal current ( I ( max ) ) observed with the endogenous agonist , acetylcholine . In contrast , a significant reduction in I ( max ) was observed for all neonicotinoids ( the I ( max ) for mutant nAChRs ranged from 13 to 81% of that observed on wild-type receptors ) . In addition , nAChRs containing the Y151S mutation caused a significant rightward shift in agonist dose-response curves for all neonicotinoids , but of varying magnitude ( shifts in EC ( 50 ) values ranged from 1 . 3 to 3 . 6-fold ) . The relationship between neonicotinoid structure and their potency on nAChRs containing the Y151S target-site mutation is discussed .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The Triticum aestivum non-specific lipid transfer protein ( TaLtp ) gene family : comparative promoter activity of six TaLtp genes in transgenic rice .
| | Author: Boutrot F Meynard D Guiderdoni E Joudrier P Gautier MF .
| | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16983534 Accession (PMID): 16983534 | | Abstract: Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins ( nsLTPs ) are encoded by a multigene family and support physiological functions , which remain unclear .
We adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction ( LM-PCR ) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel Triticum aestivum nsLtp ( TaLtp ) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsLTPs .
A phylogenetic tree clustered the wheat nsLTPs into ten subfamilies comprising 1-7 members .
We also studied the activity of four type 1 and two type 2 TaLtp gene promoters in transgenic rice using the beta-Glucuronidase reporter gene .
The activities of the six promoters displayed both overlapping and distinct features in rice .
In vegetative organs , these promoters were active in leaves and root vascular it issues while no beta-Glucuronidase ( GUS ) activity was detected in stems .
In flowers , the GUS activity driven by the TaLtp7 . 2a , TaLtp9 . 1a , TaLtp9 . 2d , and TaLtp9 . 3e gene promoters was associated with vascular it issues in glumes and in the extremities of anther filaments whereas only the TaLtp9 . 4a gene promoter was active in anther epidermal cells .
In developing grains , GUS activity and GUS immunolocalization data evidenced complex patterns of activity of the TaLtp7 . 1a , TaLtp9 . 2d , and TaLtp9 . 4a gene promoters in embryo scutellum and in the grain epicarp cell layer .
In contrast , GUS activity driven by TaLtp7 . 2a , TaLtp9 . 1a , and TaLtp9 . 3e promoters was restricted to the vascular bundle of the embryo scutellum .
This diversity of TaLtp gene promoter activity supports the hypothesis that the encoded TaLTPs possess distinct functions in planta .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins ( nsLTPs ) are encoded by a multigene family and support physiological functions , which remain unclear . We adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction ( LM-PCR ) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel Triticum aestivum nsLtp ( TaLtp ) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsLTPs . A phylogenetic tree clustered the wheat nsLTPs into ten subfamilies comprising 1-7 members . We also studied the activity of four type 1 and two type 2 TaLtp gene promoters in transgenic rice using the beta-Glucuronidase reporter gene . The activities of the six promoters displayed both overlapping and distinct features in rice . In vegetative organs , these promoters were active in leaves and root vascular it issues while no beta-Glucuronidase ( GUS ) activity was detected in stems . In flowers , the GUS activity driven by the TaLtp7 . 2a , TaLtp9 . 1a , TaLtp9 . 2d , and TaLtp9 . 3e gene promoters was associated with vascular it issues in glumes and in the extremities of anther filaments whereas only the TaLtp9 . 4a gene promoter was active in anther epidermal cells . In developing grains , GUS activity and GUS immunolocalization data evidenced complex patterns of activity of the TaLtp7 . 1a , TaLtp9 . 2d , and TaLtp9 . 4a gene promoters in embryo scutellum and in the grain epicarp cell layer . In contrast , GUS activity driven by TaLtp7 . 2a , TaLtp9 . 1a , and TaLtp9 . 3e promoters was restricted to the vascular bundle of the embryo scutellum . This diversity of TaLtp gene promoter activity supports the hypothesis that the encoded TaLTPs possess distinct functions in planta .
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| Title: [ Estimation models of rice LAI and chlorophyll content based on MOD09 ] | | Author: Cheng Q | | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17066702 Accession (PMID): 17066702 | | Abstract: The MODIS ( moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer ) surface reflectance product MOD09 , which was strictly corrected by NASA , can be widely applied to monitor the change of land vegetation .
In this paper , a quasi and synchronous experiment of MODIS sensor was performed , and the rice leaf area index ( LAI ) and chlorophyll content ( Chltot ) were measured .
The relationships between the vegetation indices ( VIs ) derived from MOD09 and the rice LAI and Chltot were analyzed , and the estimation models were established .
The VIs values derived from MOD09 were higher than those in the first three bands of MOD09 , and EVI value was lower than NDVI value .
In comparing with other Vis , EVI had a better relationship with LAI at different rice growth stages .
MOD09-EVI was selected to construct the estimation model of rice LAI , and validated by other in situ sampling plot data to be more precise , suggesting MOD09-EVI was the best index to monitor rice LAI .
There was a significant correlation between MOD09-Red band and Chltot at early and medium rice growth stages .
The estimation model of rice canopy Chltot based on MOD09-Red band was established and validated , and no models were significantly efficient , except the estimation model of Chltot at booting stage .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The MODIS ( moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer ) surface reflectance product MOD09 , which was strictly corrected by NASA , can be widely applied to monitor the change of land vegetation . In this paper , a quasi and synchronous experiment of MODIS sensor was performed , and the rice leaf area index ( LAI ) and chlorophyll content ( Chltot ) were measured . The relationships between the vegetation indices ( VIs ) derived from MOD09 and the rice LAI and Chltot were analyzed , and the estimation models were established . The VIs values derived from MOD09 were higher than those in the first three bands of MOD09 , and EVI value was lower than NDVI value . In comparing with other Vis , EVI had a better relationship with LAI at different rice growth stages . MOD09-EVI was selected to construct the estimation model of rice LAI , and validated by other in situ sampling plot data to be more precise , suggesting MOD09-EVI was the best index to monitor rice LAI . There was a significant correlation between MOD09-Red band and Chltot at early and medium rice growth stages . The estimation model of rice canopy Chltot based on MOD09-Red band was established and validated , and no models were significantly efficient , except the estimation model of Chltot at booting stage .
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| Title: Expressions of OsHKT1 , OsHKT2 , and OsVHA are differentially regulated under NaCl stress in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cultivars .
| | Author: Kader MA Seidel T Golldack D Lindberg S | | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17088362 Accession (PMID): 17088362 | | Abstract: Under NaCl-dominated salt stress , the key to plant survival is maintaining a low cytosolic Na ( + ) level or Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio .
The OsHKT1 , OsHKT2 , and OsVHA transporter genes might play important roles in maintaining cytosolic Na ( + ) homeostasis in rice ( Oryza sativa L indica cvs Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29 ) .
Upon NaCl stress , the OsHKT1 transcript was significantly down-regulated in salt-tolerant cv .
Pokkali , but not in salt-sensitive cv .
BRRI Dhan29 .
NaCl stress induced the expression of OsHKT2 and OsVHA in both Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29 .
In cv .
Pokkali , OsHKT2 and OsVHA transcripts were induced immediately after NaCl stress .
However , in cv .
BRRI Dhan29 , the induction of OsHKT2 was quite low and of OsVHA was low and delayed , compared with that in cv .
Pokkali .
OsHKT2 and OsVHA induction mostly occurred in the phloem , in the transition from phloem to mesophyll cells , and in the mesophyll cells of the leaves .
The vacuolar area in cv .
Pokkali did not change under either short ( 5-10 min ) or long-term ( 24 h ) salt stress , although it significantly increased 24 h after the stress in cv .
BRRI Dhan29 .
When expressional constructs of VHA-c and VHA-a with YFP and CFP were introduced into isolated protoplasts of cvs Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29 , the fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) efficiency between VHA-c and VHA-a upon salt stress decreased slightly in cv .
Pokkali , but increased significantly in cv .
BRRI Dhan29 .
The results suggest that the salt-tolerant cv .
Pokkali regulates the expression of OsHKT1 , OsHKT2 , and OsVHA differently from how the salt-sensitive cv .
BRRI Dhan29 does .
Together , these proteins might confer salt tolerance in Pokkali by maintaining a low cytosolic Na ( + ) level and a correct ratio of cytosolic Na ( + ) /K ( + ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 16, subscore: 1.00 ]: In cv . Pokkali , OsHKT2 and OsVHA transcripts were induced immediately after NaCl stress . However , in cv . BRRI Dhan29 , the induction of OsHKT2 was quite low and of OsVHA was low and delayed , compared with that in cv . Pokkali . OsHKT2 and OsVHA induction mostly occurred in the phloem , in the transition from phloem to mesophyll cells , and in the mesophyll cells of the leaves . The vacuolar area in cv . Pokkali did not change under either short ( 5-10 min ) or long-term ( 24 h ) salt stress , although it significantly increased 24 h after the stress in cv . BRRI Dhan29 . When expressional constructs of VHA-c and VHA-a with YFP and CFP were introduced into isolated protoplasts of cvs Pokkali and BRRI Dhan29 , the fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) efficiency between VHA-c and VHA-a upon salt stress decreased slightly in cv . Pokkali , but increased significantly in cv . BRRI Dhan29 . The results suggest that the salt-tolerant cv . Pokkali regulates the expression of OsHKT1 , OsHKT2 , and OsVHA differently from how the salt-sensitive cv . BRRI Dhan29 does . Together , these proteins might confer salt tolerance in Pokkali by maintaining a low cytosolic Na ( + ) level and a correct ratio of cytosolic Na ( + ) /K ( + ) .
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| Title: Almonds decrease postprandial glycemia , insulinemia , and oxidative damage in healthy individuals .
| | Author: Jenkins DJ Kendall CW Josse AR Salvatore S Brighenti F Augustin LS Ellis PR Vidgen E Rao AV .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17116708 Accession (PMID): 17116708 | | Abstract: Strategies that decrease postprandial glucose excursions , including digestive enzyme inhibition , and low glycemic index diets result in lower diabetes incidence and coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk , possibly through lower postprandial oxidative damage to lipids and proteins .
We therefore assessed the effect of decreasing postprandial glucose excursions on measures of oxidative damage .
Fifteen healthy subjects ate 2 bread control meals and 3 test meals : almonds and bread ; parboiled rice ; and instant mashed potatoes , balanced in carbohydrate , fat , and protein , using butter and cheese .
We obtained blood samples at baseline and for 4 h postprandially .
Glycemic indices for the rice ( 38 +/- 6 ) and almond meals ( 55 +/- 7 ) were less than for the potato meal ( 94 +/- 11 ) ( P < 0 . 003 ) , as were the postprandial areas under the insulin concentration time curve ( P < 0 . 001 ) .
No postmeal treatment differences were seen in total antioxidant capacity .
However , the serum protein thiol concentration increased following the almond meal ( 15 +/- 14 mmol/L ) , indicating less oxidative protein damage , and decreased after the control bread , rice , and potato meals ( -10 +/- 8 mmol/L ) , when data from these 3 meals were pooled ( P = 0 . 021 ) .
The change in protein thiols was also negatively related to the postprandial incremental peak glucose ( r = -0 . 29 , n = 60 observations , P = 0 . 026 ) and peak insulin responses ( r = -0 . 26 , n = 60 observations , P = 0 . 046 ) .
Therefore , lowering postprandial glucose excursions may decrease the risk of oxidative damage to proteins .
Almonds are likely to lower this risk by decreasing the glycemic excursion and by providing antioxidants .
These actions may relate to mechanisms by which nuts are associated with a decreased risk of CHD .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Strategies that decrease postprandial glucose excursions , including digestive enzyme inhibition , and low glycemic index diets result in lower diabetes incidence and coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk , possibly through lower postprandial oxidative damage to lipids and proteins . We therefore assessed the effect of decreasing postprandial glucose excursions on measures of oxidative damage . Fifteen healthy subjects ate 2 bread control meals and 3 test meals : almonds and bread ; parboiled rice ; and instant mashed potatoes , balanced in carbohydrate , fat , and protein , using butter and cheese . We obtained blood samples at baseline and for 4 h postprandially . Glycemic indices for the rice ( 38 +/- 6 ) and almond meals ( 55 +/- 7 ) were less than for the potato meal ( 94 +/- 11 ) ( P < 0 . 003 ) , as were the postprandial areas under the insulin concentration time curve ( P < 0 . 001 ) . No postmeal treatment differences were seen in total antioxidant capacity . However , the serum protein thiol concentration increased following the almond meal ( 15 +/- 14 mmol/L ) , indicating less oxidative protein damage , and decreased after the control bread , rice , and potato meals ( -10 +/- 8 mmol/L ) , when data from these 3 meals were pooled ( P = 0 . 021 ) . The change in protein thiols was also negatively related to the postprandial incremental peak glucose ( r = -0 . 29 , n = 60 observations , P = 0 . 026 ) and peak insulin responses ( r = -0 . 26 , n = 60 observations , P = 0 . 046 ) . Therefore , lowering postprandial glucose excursions may decrease the risk of oxidative damage to proteins . Almonds are likely to lower this risk by decreasing the glycemic excursion and by providing antioxidants . These actions may relate to mechanisms by which nuts are associated with a decreased risk of CHD .
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| Title: POGs/PlantRBP : a resource for comparative genomics in plants .
| | Author: Walker NS Stiffler N Barkan A | | Journal: Nucleic Acids Res .
Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17142226 Accession (PMID): 17142226 | | Abstract: POGs/PlantRBP ( http : //plantrbp . uoregon . edu/ ) is a relational database that integrates data from rice , Arabidopsis , and maize by placing the complete Arabidopsis and rice proteomes and available maize sequences into putative orthologous groups ( POGs ) .
Annotation efforts will focus on predicted RNA binding proteins ( RBPs ) : ie those with known RNA binding domains or otherwise implicated in RNA function .
POGs form the heart of the database , and were assigned using a mutual-best-hit-strategy after performing BLAST comparisons of the predicted Arabidopsis and rice proteomes .
Each POG entry includes orthologs in Arabidopsis and rice , annotated with domain organization , gene models , phylogenetic trees , and multiple intracellular targeting predictions .
A graphical display maps maize sequences on to their most similar rice gene model .
The database can be queried using any combination of gene name , accession , domain , and predicted intracellular location , or using BLAST .
Useful features of the database include the ability to search for proteins with both a specified domain content and intracellular location , the concurrent display of mutual best hits and phylogenetic trees which facilitates evaluation of POG assignments , the association of maize sequences with POGs , and the display of targeting predictions and domain organization for all POG members , which reveals consistency , or lack thereof , of those predictions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: POGs/PlantRBP ( http : //plantrbp . uoregon . edu/ ) is a relational database that integrates data from rice , Arabidopsis , and maize by placing the complete Arabidopsis and rice proteomes and available maize sequences into putative orthologous groups ( POGs ) . Annotation efforts will focus on predicted RNA binding proteins ( RBPs ) : ie those with known RNA binding domains or otherwise implicated in RNA function . POGs form the heart of the database , and were assigned using a mutual-best-hit-strategy after performing BLAST comparisons of the predicted Arabidopsis and rice proteomes . Each POG entry includes orthologs in Arabidopsis and rice , annotated with domain organization , gene models , phylogenetic trees , and multiple intracellular targeting predictions . A graphical display maps maize sequences on to their most similar rice gene model . The database can be queried using any combination of gene name , accession , domain , and predicted intracellular location , or using BLAST . Useful features of the database include the ability to search for proteins with both a specified domain content and intracellular location , the concurrent display of mutual best hits and phylogenetic trees which facilitates evaluation of POG assignments , the association of maize sequences with POGs , and the display of targeting predictions and domain organization for all POG members , which reveals consistency , or lack thereof , of those predictions .
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| Title: Cloning , expression and function of phosphate transporter encoded gene in Oryza sativa L | | Author: Ming F Lu Q Wang W Zhang S Guo B Shen D | | Journal: Sci .
China , C , Life Sci .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17172047 Accession (PMID): 17172047 | | Abstract: OsPT6 : 1 , a phosphate transporter encoding gene from the leaf samples of Oryza sativa , was identified through PCR with specifically designed primers .
The phylogenetic analysis and the conserved amino acid residue site detection suggested OsPT6 : 1 a possible high-affinity phosphate transporter encoding gene .
In situ hybridization and RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of OsPT6 : 1 in both roots and leaves .
The peak expression signal was observed in mesophyll cells under low phosphorus ( P ) induction .
A homologous recombination study indicated that OsPT6 : 1 can enhance the Pi uptake efficiency of Pichia pastoris .
At the meantime , the introduction of OsPT6 : 1 was able to complement the Pi uptake function of yeast cells with high-affinity phosphate transporters deficient .
Those results substantiated our contention that OsPT6 : 1 encoded a high-affinity phosphate transporter of Oryza sativa . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: OsPT6 : 1 , a phosphate transporter encoding gene from the leaf samples of Oryza sativa , was identified through PCR with specifically designed primers . The phylogenetic analysis and the conserved amino acid residue site detection suggested OsPT6 : 1 a possible high-affinity phosphate transporter encoding gene . In situ hybridization and RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of OsPT6 : 1 in both roots and leaves . The peak expression signal was observed in mesophyll cells under low phosphorus ( P ) induction . A homologous recombination study indicated that OsPT6 : 1 can enhance the Pi uptake efficiency of Pichia pastoris . At the meantime , the introduction of OsPT6 : 1 was able to complement the Pi uptake function of yeast cells with high-affinity phosphate transporters deficient . Those results substantiated our contention that OsPT6 : 1 encoded a high-affinity phosphate transporter of Oryza sativa .
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| Title: An antibiotic-free medium for the xenic cultivation of Entamoeba gingivalis .
| | Author: Gannon JT Linke HA .
| | Journal: Int .
J Parasitol .
Year: 1991 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1717390 Accession (PMID): 1717390 | | Abstract: Diamonds TYI-S-33 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Iron-Serum ) medium was used as the basis for a new antibiotic-free medium for xenic growth of Entamoeba gingivalis .
Nutritional requirements of the oral protozoan were determined in an effort to optimize growth .
TYI-S-33 medium did not support E gingivalis growth prior to modification .
The changes included : ( a ) deletion of L-cysteine . HCl and thioctic acid , ( b ) substitution of glucose for dextran I ( mol . wt 185 , 000 ) or rice starch , ( c ) reduction of concentrations of tryptone ( 2 . 5 g l-1 ) , yeast extract ( 1 . 25 g l-1 ) and dextran I ( 1 g l-1 ) , ( d ) increased concentration of ferric ammonium citrate ( 0 . 2 g l-1 ) , and ( e ) addition of gastric mucin ( 2 . 4 g l-1 ) .
Dextran I was chosen as the major carbon source ; its use in the medium limited growth of accompanying bacteria .
This new antibiotic-free medium significantly increased E gingivalis growth ( 16-20 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) as compared to growth in Diamonds TYSGM-9 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Serum-Gastric Mucin ) medium ( six to 10 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Diamonds TYI-S-33 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Iron-Serum ) medium was used as the basis for a new antibiotic-free medium for xenic growth of Entamoeba gingivalis . Nutritional requirements of the oral protozoan were determined in an effort to optimize growth . TYI-S-33 medium did not support E gingivalis growth prior to modification . The changes included : ( a ) deletion of L-cysteine . HCl and thioctic acid , ( b ) substitution of glucose for dextran I ( mol . wt 185 , 000 ) or rice starch , ( c ) reduction of concentrations of tryptone ( 2 . 5 g l-1 ) , yeast extract ( 1 . 25 g l-1 ) and dextran I ( 1 g l-1 ) , ( d ) increased concentration of ferric ammonium citrate ( 0 . 2 g l-1 ) , and ( e ) addition of gastric mucin ( 2 . 4 g l-1 ) . Dextran I was chosen as the major carbon source ; its use in the medium limited growth of accompanying bacteria . This new antibiotic-free medium significantly increased E gingivalis growth ( 16-20 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) as compared to growth in Diamonds TYSGM-9 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Serum-Gastric Mucin ) medium ( six to 10 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) .
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| Title: Molecular mapping of the shrunken endosperm genes seg8 and sex1 in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L ) .
| | Author: Rder MS Kaiser C Weschke W | | Journal: Genome Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17213902 Accession (PMID): 17213902 | | Abstract: A number of mutations affecting seed development in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L ) have been known for many years ; however , to date , no research has been reported that elucidates the molecular structure of the causal genes .
As a first step , we initiated the linkage mapping of the two shrunken endosperm genes seg8 and sex1 using microsatellite markers .
The recessive gene seg8 was mapped in the centromeric region of chromosome 7H to a 4 . 6 cM interval flanked by markers GBM1516 and Bmag341 .
The recessive sex1 gene showed xenia effects and was located in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 6H , which is in accordance to the previously reported chromosomal location in the classical linkage map .
It was flanked by markers GBM5012 and GBM1063 in a 4 . 2 cM interval EST-derived microsatellite markers were used to establish the syntenic relationships to the genomic rice sequences .
Two orthologous sites on rice chromosome 2 flanking a 4 . 1 Mb sequence had homology to the respective barley markers in the sex1 region .
For the markers in the seg8 region orthologous sites on rice chromosome 6 were detected .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A number of mutations affecting seed development in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L ) have been known for many years ; however , to date , no research has been reported that elucidates the molecular structure of the causal genes . As a first step , we initiated the linkage mapping of the two shrunken endosperm genes seg8 and sex1 using microsatellite markers . The recessive gene seg8 was mapped in the centromeric region of chromosome 7H to a 4 . 6 cM interval flanked by markers GBM1516 and Bmag341 . The recessive sex1 gene showed xenia effects and was located in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 6H , which is in accordance to the previously reported chromosomal location in the classical linkage map . It was flanked by markers GBM5012 and GBM1063 in a 4 . 2 cM interval EST-derived microsatellite markers were used to establish the syntenic relationships to the genomic rice sequences . Two orthologous sites on rice chromosome 2 flanking a 4 . 1 Mb sequence had homology to the respective barley markers in the sex1 region . For the markers in the seg8 region orthologous sites on rice chromosome 6 were detected .
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| Title: Influence of heat processing on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from cereals and pulses consumed in India .
| | Author: Hemalatha S Platel K Srinivasan K | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17317519 Accession (PMID): 17317519 | | Abstract: Influence of heat processing on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from food grains consumed in India was evaluated .
Cereals - rice ( Oryza sativa ) , finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ) , sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare ) , wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) , and maize ( Zea mays ) , and pulses - chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) - whole and decorticated , green gram ( Phaseolus aureus ) - whole and decorticated , decorticated black gram ( Phaseolus mungo ) , decorticated red gram ( Cajanus cajan ) , cowpea ( Vigna catjang ) , and French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) were examined for zinc and iron bioaccessibility by employing an in vitro dialysability procedure .
Both pressure-cooking and microwave heating were tested for their influence on mineral bioaccessibility .
Zinc bioaccessibility from food grains was considerably reduced upon pressure-cooking , especially in pulses .
Among cereals , pressure-cooking decreased zinc bioaccessibility by 63% and 57% in finger millet and rice , respectively .
All the pressure-cooked cereals showed similar percent zinc bioaccessibility with the exception of finger millet .
Bioaccessibility of zinc from pulses was generally lower as a result of pressure-cooking or microwave heating .
The decrease in bioaccessibility of zinc caused by microwave heating ranged from 11 . 4% in chickpea ( whole ) to 63% in cowpea .
Decrease in zinc bioaccessibility was 48% in pressure-cooked whole chickpea , 45% and 55% in pressure-cooked or microwave-heated whole green gram , 32% and 22% in pressure-cooked or microwave-heated decorticated green gram , and 45% in microwave-heated black gram .
Iron bioaccessibility , on the other hand , was significantly enhanced generally from all the food grains studied upon heat treatment .
Thus , heat treatment of grains produced contrasting effect on zinc and iron bioaccessibility .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cereals - rice ( Oryza sativa ) , finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ) , sorghum ( Sorghum vulgare ) , wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) , and maize ( Zea mays ) , and pulses - chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) - whole and decorticated , green gram ( Phaseolus aureus ) - whole and decorticated , decorticated black gram ( Phaseolus mungo ) , decorticated red gram ( Cajanus cajan ) , cowpea ( Vigna catjang ) , and French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) were examined for zinc and iron bioaccessibility by employing an in vitro dialysability procedure . Both pressure-cooking and microwave heating were tested for their influence on mineral bioaccessibility . Zinc bioaccessibility from food grains was considerably reduced upon pressure-cooking , especially in pulses . Among cereals , pressure-cooking decreased zinc bioaccessibility by 63% and 57% in finger millet and rice , respectively . All the pressure-cooked cereals showed similar percent zinc bioaccessibility with the exception of finger millet . Bioaccessibility of zinc from pulses was generally lower as a result of pressure-cooking or microwave heating . The decrease in bioaccessibility of zinc caused by microwave heating ranged from 11 . 4% in chickpea ( whole ) to 63% in cowpea . Decrease in zinc bioaccessibility was 48% in pressure-cooked whole chickpea , 45% and 55% in pressure-cooked or microwave-heated whole green gram , 32% and 22% in pressure-cooked or microwave-heated decorticated green gram , and 45% in microwave-heated black gram . Iron bioaccessibility , on the other hand , was significantly enhanced generally from all the food grains studied upon heat treatment . Thus , heat treatment of grains produced contrasting effect on zinc and iron bioaccessibility .
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| Title: Molecular dissection of developmental behavior of tiller number and plant height and their relationship in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Yang G Xing Y Li S Ding J Yue B Deng K Li Y Zhu Y | | Journal: Hereditas Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17362360 Accession (PMID): 17362360 | | Abstract: Plant height and tiller number are two important characters related to yield in rice ( Oriza sativa L ) .
Zhenshan97 x Minghui63 recombinant inbred lines were employed to dissect the genetic basis of development of plant height and tiller number using conditional and unconditional composite interval mapping approaches .
The traits were normally distributed with transgressive segregation in both directions .
Increasingly negative correlations were observed between tiller number and plant height at five consecutive growth stages .
A total of 23 and 24 QTL were identified for tiller number and plant height , respectively .
More QTL were detected by conditional mapping than by conventional mapping .
Different QTL/genes apparently controlled the traits at different developmental stages .
Three genomic regions were identified as putative co-located QTL , which showed opposite additive effects on tiller number and plant height .
Furthermore , in the period reaching maximum tiller number , the expression of QTL for tiller number was active , whereas that of QTL for plant height was inactive .
These facts provided a possible genetic explanation for the negative correlations between the traits .
The research demonstrates conditional mapping to be superior to conventional mapping for this type of research .
Implications of the results for hybrid rice improvement are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plant height and tiller number are two important characters related to yield in rice ( Oriza sativa L ) . Zhenshan97 x Minghui63 recombinant inbred lines were employed to dissect the genetic basis of development of plant height and tiller number using conditional and unconditional composite interval mapping approaches . The traits were normally distributed with transgressive segregation in both directions . Increasingly negative correlations were observed between tiller number and plant height at five consecutive growth stages . A total of 23 and 24 QTL were identified for tiller number and plant height , respectively . More QTL were detected by conditional mapping than by conventional mapping . Different QTL/genes apparently controlled the traits at different developmental stages . Three genomic regions were identified as putative co-located QTL , which showed opposite additive effects on tiller number and plant height . Furthermore , in the period reaching maximum tiller number , the expression of QTL for tiller number was active , whereas that of QTL for plant height was inactive . These facts provided a possible genetic explanation for the negative correlations between the traits . The research demonstrates conditional mapping to be superior to conventional mapping for this type of research . Implications of the results for hybrid rice improvement are discussed .
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| Title: [ Gibberellin signal transduction and cotton fiber molecular development ] | | Author: Wang R Cui BM Peng M Zhang GF .
| | Journal: Yi Chuan Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17369146 Accession (PMID): 17369146 | | Abstract: Gibberellins ( GAs ) is a sort of high efficiency plant growth regulator which is very important for cotton fiber initiation and development .
Recently , the research of GA signal transduction mostly focuses on Arabidopsis , wheat , barley , maize , rice and so on .
Yet we know little about molecular mechanism of GA to cotton fiber initiation and development .
In recent years , exciting progress has been made in identifying many important components involved in gibberellin signal transduction pathways , which can help us to understand deeply these pathways and their regulation .
This review summarized the recently research process of GA signal transduction and correlation of GA and cotton fiber molecular development .
We hope that the paper can provide some new ideas about the function and mechanism of GA in cotton fiber initiation and development , and for cotton breeding task .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gibberellins ( GAs ) is a sort of high efficiency plant growth regulator which is very important for cotton fiber initiation and development . Recently , the research of GA signal transduction mostly focuses on Arabidopsis , wheat , barley , maize , rice and so on . Yet we know little about molecular mechanism of GA to cotton fiber initiation and development . In recent years , exciting progress has been made in identifying many important components involved in gibberellin signal transduction pathways , which can help us to understand deeply these pathways and their regulation . This review summarized the recently research process of GA signal transduction and correlation of GA and cotton fiber molecular development . We hope that the paper can provide some new ideas about the function and mechanism of GA in cotton fiber initiation and development , and for cotton breeding task .
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| Title: [ Evaluation of skin-moisturizing effects of oral or percutaneous use of plant ceramides ] | | Author: Asai S Miyachi H | | Journal: Rinsho Byori Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17441463 Accession (PMID): 17441463 | | Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the assay performance of two methods for measuring the water-holding capacity of the skin : Skicon-200 and Tewameter which determine the water content in the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss , respectively .
Based on these findings , we studied the effects of newly developed skin moisturizers made of plant ceramides .
The within-run as well as day-to-day reproducibility of the methods were both satisfactory .
When rice-derived NIPPN ceramide RC was used topically for 3 weeks by 23 healthy volunteers , the water content in the stratum corneum of the leg was significantly increased to 141% of the baseline value in comparison with that after placebo use ( 111% ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and the transepidermal water-loss was significantly suppressed to 23% of the baseline in comparison with that after placebo use ( 39% ) ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
When 20 mg or 40 mg/day of corn-derived NIPPN ceramide CP was given orally for 3 weeks , the water content in the stratum corneum of the leg was significantly increased to 290% and 394% of the baseline value , respectively , in comparison with that after placebo administration ( 141% ) ( p <0 . 05 ) , and the transepidermal water loss was suppressed to 33 and 14% ( p < 0 . 05 ) of the baseline values , respectively , in comparison with that after placebo administration ( 69% ) .
These data by Skicon-200 and Tewameter suggest that the two plant ceramides are promising as skin-moisturizing agents not only for topical use but also for oral use .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was undertaken to evaluate the assay performance of two methods for measuring the water-holding capacity of the skin : Skicon-200 and Tewameter which determine the water content in the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss , respectively . Based on these findings , we studied the effects of newly developed skin moisturizers made of plant ceramides . The within-run as well as day-to-day reproducibility of the methods were both satisfactory . When rice-derived NIPPN ceramide RC was used topically for 3 weeks by 23 healthy volunteers , the water content in the stratum corneum of the leg was significantly increased to 141% of the baseline value in comparison with that after placebo use ( 111% ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and the transepidermal water-loss was significantly suppressed to 23% of the baseline in comparison with that after placebo use ( 39% ) ( p < 0 . 01 ) . When 20 mg or 40 mg/day of corn-derived NIPPN ceramide CP was given orally for 3 weeks , the water content in the stratum corneum of the leg was significantly increased to 290% and 394% of the baseline value , respectively , in comparison with that after placebo administration ( 141% ) ( p <0 . 05 ) , and the transepidermal water loss was suppressed to 33 and 14% ( p < 0 . 05 ) of the baseline values , respectively , in comparison with that after placebo administration ( 69% ) . These data by Skicon-200 and Tewameter suggest that the two plant ceramides are promising as skin-moisturizing agents not only for topical use but also for oral use .
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| Title: L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase activities in submerged rice soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and decomposed cow manure .
| | Author: Bhattacharyya P Chakrabarti K Tripathy S Chakraborty A Kim K Kim SH | | Journal: J Environ Sci Health B Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17562468 Accession (PMID): 17562468 | | Abstract: The field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of municipal solid waste compost ( MSWC ) as a soil amendment on L-asparaginase ( LA ) and L-glutaminase ( LG ) activities .
Experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1997 , 1998 and 1999 on rice grown under a submerged condition , at the Agriculture Experimental Farm , Calcutta University at Baruipur , West Bengal , India .
The treatments consisted of control , no input ; MSWC , at 60 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ; well-decomposed cow manure ( DCM ) , at 60 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ; MSWC ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + Urea ( U ) ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) ; DCM ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + U ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) and Fertilizer , ( at 60 : 30 : 30 NPK kg ha ( - 1 ) ) through urea , single superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively ) .
LA and LG activities alone and their ratio with organic-C ( ratio index value , RIV ) , straw and grain yield were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils , due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water-soluble organic carbon , carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former .
The studied parameters were higher when urea was integrated with DCM or MSWC , compared to their single applications .
The heavy metals in MSWC did not detrimentally influence the above-measured activities of soil .
In the event of long term MSWC application , changes in soil quality parameters should be monitored regularly , since heavy metals once entering into soil persist over a long period .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of municipal solid waste compost ( MSWC ) as a soil amendment on L-asparaginase ( LA ) and L-glutaminase ( LG ) activities . Experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1997 , 1998 and 1999 on rice grown under a submerged condition , at the Agriculture Experimental Farm , Calcutta University at Baruipur , West Bengal , India . The treatments consisted of control , no input ; MSWC , at 60 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ; well-decomposed cow manure ( DCM ) , at 60 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ; MSWC ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + Urea ( U ) ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) ; DCM ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + U ( 30 Kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) and Fertilizer , ( at 60 : 30 : 30 NPK kg ha ( - 1 ) ) through urea , single superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively ) . LA and LG activities alone and their ratio with organic-C ( ratio index value , RIV ) , straw and grain yield were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils , due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water-soluble organic carbon , carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former . The studied parameters were higher when urea was integrated with DCM or MSWC , compared to their single applications . The heavy metals in MSWC did not detrimentally influence the above-measured activities of soil . In the event of long term MSWC application , changes in soil quality parameters should be monitored regularly , since heavy metals once entering into soil persist over a long period .
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| Title: Red mold rice ameliorates impairment of memory and learning ability in intracerebroventricular amyloid beta-infused rat by repressing amyloid beta accumulation .
| | Author: Lee CL Kuo TF Wang JJ Pan TM | | Journal: J Neurosci Res Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17663476 Accession (PMID): 17663476 | | Abstract: Amyloid beta ( Abeta ) peptide related to the onset of Alzheimers disease ( AD ) damaged neurons and further resulted in dementia .
Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , a traditional Chinese medicine as well as health food , includes monacolins ( with the same function as statins ) and multifunctional metabolites .
In this study , ethanol extract of RMR ( RE ) was used to evaluate neuroprotection against Abeta40 neurotoxicity in PC12 cells .
Furthermore , the effects of dietary administration of RMR on memory and learning abilities are confirmed in an animal model of AD rats infused with Abeta40 into the cerebral ventricle .
During continuous Abeta40 infusion for 28 days , the rats of test groups were administered RMR or lovastatin .
Memory and learning abilities were evaluated in the water maze and passive avoidance tasks .
After sacrifice , cerebral cortex and hippocampus were collected for the examination of AD risk factors .
The in vitro results clearly indicate that RE provides stronger neuroprotection in rescuing cell viability as well as repressing inflammatory response and oxidative stress .
RMR administration potently reverses the memory deficit in the memory task .
Abeta40 infusion increases acetylcholinesterase activity , reactive oxygen species , and lipid peroxidation and decreases total antioxidant status and superoxide dismutase activity in brain , but these damages were potently reversed by RMR administration , and the protection was more significant than that with lovastatin administration .
The protection provided by RMR is able to prevent Abeta fibrils from being formed and deposited in hippocampus and further decrease Abeta40 accumulation , even though Abeta40 solution was infused into brain continuously .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Amyloid beta ( Abeta ) peptide related to the onset of Alzheimers disease ( AD ) damaged neurons and further resulted in dementia . Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , a traditional Chinese medicine as well as health food , includes monacolins ( with the same function as statins ) and multifunctional metabolites . In this study , ethanol extract of RMR ( RE ) was used to evaluate neuroprotection against Abeta40 neurotoxicity in PC12 cells . Furthermore , the effects of dietary administration of RMR on memory and learning abilities are confirmed in an animal model of AD rats infused with Abeta40 into the cerebral ventricle . During continuous Abeta40 infusion for 28 days , the rats of test groups were administered RMR or lovastatin . Memory and learning abilities were evaluated in the water maze and passive avoidance tasks . After sacrifice , cerebral cortex and hippocampus were collected for the examination of AD risk factors . The in vitro results clearly indicate that RE provides stronger neuroprotection in rescuing cell viability as well as repressing inflammatory response and oxidative stress . RMR administration potently reverses the memory deficit in the memory task . Abeta40 infusion increases acetylcholinesterase activity , reactive oxygen species , and lipid peroxidation and decreases total antioxidant status and superoxide dismutase activity in brain , but these damages were potently reversed by RMR administration , and the protection was more significant than that with lovastatin administration . The protection provided by RMR is able to prevent Abeta fibrils from being formed and deposited in hippocampus and further decrease Abeta40 accumulation , even though Abeta40 solution was infused into brain continuously .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Furan in food : headspace method and product survey .
| | Author: Zoller O Sager F Reinhard H | | Journal: Food Addit Contam Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17687703 Accession (PMID): 17687703 | | Abstract: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) has been adapted for the efficient determination of furan in foods .
Levels of furan in various foods were measured in order to identify the products that contribute most to the human intake of furan .
Highest amounts were found in products that were heat treated in sealed containers such as jarred and canned food products and in crusty and dry products such as snacks , biscuits , bread crust , roasted wheat flour and roasted coffee beans .
Of the analysed jarred baby food products those containing only meat and starch from rice and corn had low levels of furan .
In addition , the fruit products showed similar low levels .
Clearly higher concentrations were found in the vegetable and vegetable-meat products .
For the adult population coffee seems to be an important product with respect to furan intake .
Coffee brews from espresso-type machines had considerably higher amounts of furan than other coffee brews .
This type of coffee is considered by experts to have the best coffee aroma .
It is assumed that for regular coffee consumers coffee is the most important source of furan intake .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) has been adapted for the efficient determination of furan in foods . Levels of furan in various foods were measured in order to identify the products that contribute most to the human intake of furan . Highest amounts were found in products that were heat treated in sealed containers such as jarred and canned food products and in crusty and dry products such as snacks , biscuits , bread crust , roasted wheat flour and roasted coffee beans . Of the analysed jarred baby food products those containing only meat and starch from rice and corn had low levels of furan . In addition , the fruit products showed similar low levels . Clearly higher concentrations were found in the vegetable and vegetable-meat products . For the adult population coffee seems to be an important product with respect to furan intake . Coffee brews from espresso-type machines had considerably higher amounts of furan than other coffee brews . This type of coffee is considered by experts to have the best coffee aroma . It is assumed that for regular coffee consumers coffee is the most important source of furan intake .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Biological characters of rice on P-deficient soils with different pH value ] | | Author: Guo ZH He LY Wu ZH Xu CG | | Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17763725 Accession (PMID): 17763725 | | Abstract: With pot culture , this paper studied the biological characters of four low-P tolerant rice genotypes 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 and two low-P sensitive rice genotypes 99012 and 99056 on three P-deficient soils with different pH .
The results indicated that on test soils , 580 , 508 and 99112 had similar low-P tolerant ability .
99011 had poor low-P tolerant ability on alkaline soil , with its relative grain yield being 11 . 9% and 10 . 4% less than that on acid and neutral soil , respectively .
99012 showed a relatively stronger low-P tolerant ability on alkaline soil , and its relative grain yield was 19 . 6% higher than that on acid soil and 22 . 2% higher than that on neutral soil .
99056 showed a stronger low-P tolerant ability on acid soil , and its relative grain yield was 25 . 0% and 19 . 6% higher than that on alkaline and neutral soil , respectively .
The effects of soil P level and soil type on rice grain yield mainly manifestied on the number of available spike .
The P concentration and its relative value in flag leaves of 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 were significantly higher than those of 99012 and 99056 , which might be another factor resulting in the stronger low-P tolerant ability of 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 than 99012 and 99056 .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: With pot culture , this paper studied the biological characters of four low-P tolerant rice genotypes 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 and two low-P sensitive rice genotypes 99012 and 99056 on three P-deficient soils with different pH . The results indicated that on test soils , 580 , 508 and 99112 had similar low-P tolerant ability . 99011 had poor low-P tolerant ability on alkaline soil , with its relative grain yield being 11 . 9% and 10 . 4% less than that on acid and neutral soil , respectively . 99012 showed a relatively stronger low-P tolerant ability on alkaline soil , and its relative grain yield was 19 . 6% higher than that on acid soil and 22 . 2% higher than that on neutral soil . 99056 showed a stronger low-P tolerant ability on acid soil , and its relative grain yield was 25 . 0% and 19 . 6% higher than that on alkaline and neutral soil , respectively . The effects of soil P level and soil type on rice grain yield mainly manifestied on the number of available spike . The P concentration and its relative value in flag leaves of 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 were significantly higher than those of 99012 and 99056 , which might be another factor resulting in the stronger low-P tolerant ability of 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 than 99012 and 99056 .
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| Title: Optimization of production of monacolin K from gamma-irradiated Monascus mutant by use of response surface methodology .
| | Author: Suh SH Rheem S Mah JH Lee W Byun MW Hwang HJ | | Journal: J Med Food Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17887933 Accession (PMID): 17887933 | | Abstract: Monascus isolate number 711 , which is capable of producing monacolin K as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase , the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis , was isolated from Ang-kak , the red yeast rice koji .
To increase the monacolin K-producing activity of the strain , spore suspensions of the strain were subjected to gamma-irradiation .
One thousand mutants were generated via gamma-irradiation and screened using bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography analysis .
Several mutants with higher productivities of monacolin K than that of the parent strain were primarily selected .
Mutant KU609 was finally selected because of its characteristics of high monacolin K production and non-citrinin-producing activity under our test conditions .
Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of culture medium on the production of monacolin K in mixed solid-state cultures .
The optimal values of nutritional ingredients for the maximal production were soytone , glucose , MgSO4 , and barley at concentrations of 0 . 5 g , 0 . 48 g , 0 . 053 g , and 9 g , respectively .
The final monacolin K production of Monascus KU609 was increased almost 100-fold compared to that of the parent strain .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Monascus isolate number 711 , which is capable of producing monacolin K as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase , the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis , was isolated from Ang-kak , the red yeast rice koji . To increase the monacolin K-producing activity of the strain , spore suspensions of the strain were subjected to gamma-irradiation . One thousand mutants were generated via gamma-irradiation and screened using bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography analysis . Several mutants with higher productivities of monacolin K than that of the parent strain were primarily selected . Mutant KU609 was finally selected because of its characteristics of high monacolin K production and non-citrinin-producing activity under our test conditions . Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of culture medium on the production of monacolin K in mixed solid-state cultures . The optimal values of nutritional ingredients for the maximal production were soytone , glucose , MgSO4 , and barley at concentrations of 0 . 5 g , 0 . 48 g , 0 . 053 g , and 9 g , respectively . The final monacolin K production of Monascus KU609 was increased almost 100-fold compared to that of the parent strain .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Congenital cytomegalovirus : association between dried blood spot viral load and hearing loss .
| | Author: Walter S Atkinson C Sharland M Rice P Raglan E Emery VC Griffiths PD | | Journal: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18039747 Accession (PMID): 18039747 | | Abstract: AIM : To investigate the relation between cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) viral load on dried blood spots ( DBS ) from newborn biochemical screening ( "Guthrie" ) cards , and sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) in congenital CMV .
DESIGN : Cross-sectional study with retrospective case-note review .
SETTING : Seven paediatric audiology departments in the United Kingdom .
PATIENTS : 84 children , median age 7 years : 43 with known congenital CMV , 41 with unexplained SNHL .
INTERVENTIONS : Half a DBS was tested for CMV DNA viral load by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Pure tone average hearing thresholds ( 0 . 5-4 kHz ) .
RESULTS : DBS CMV DNA viral load significantly correlated with hearing thresholds for the worse and better hearing ears ( Spearmans rank correlations : r = 0 . 445 , p = 0 . 008 and r = 0 . 481 , p = 0 . 004 respectively ) .
Multivariable logistic regression showed that the effect of DBS viral load on the risk of SNHL remained important , when age and central nervous system involvement had been taken into account ( odds ratio ( OR ) 2 . 76 , 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 1 . 14 to 6 . 63 , p = 0 . 024 ) .
The mean log DBS viral load was significantly higher in children with SNHL than in those with normal hearing ( 2 . 69 versus 1 . 64 , 95% CI -1 . 84 to -0 . 27 , p = 0 . 01 ) .
8/35 ( 23% ) children with unexplained SNHL tested positive for CMV DNA on DBS .
One false positive result was obtained .
CONCLUSION : The risk of SNHL increased with DBS viral load .
Further studies should investigate whether DBS CMV testing has a role in identifying asymptomatic congenitally infected neonates at risk of SNHL , and whether antiviral treatment can reduce this risk .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To investigate the relation between cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) viral load on dried blood spots ( DBS ) from newborn biochemical screening ( "Guthrie" ) cards , and sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) in congenital CMV . DESIGN : Cross-sectional study with retrospective case-note review . SETTING : Seven paediatric audiology departments in the United Kingdom . PATIENTS : 84 children , median age 7 years : 43 with known congenital CMV , 41 with unexplained SNHL . INTERVENTIONS : Half a DBS was tested for CMV DNA viral load by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Pure tone average hearing thresholds ( 0 . 5-4 kHz ) . RESULTS : DBS CMV DNA viral load significantly correlated with hearing thresholds for the worse and better hearing ears ( Spearmans rank correlations : r = 0 . 445 , p = 0 . 008 and r = 0 . 481 , p = 0 . 004 respectively ) . Multivariable logistic regression showed that the effect of DBS viral load on the risk of SNHL remained important , when age and central nervous system involvement had been taken into account ( odds ratio ( OR ) 2 . 76 , 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 1 . 14 to 6 . 63 , p = 0 . 024 ) . The mean log DBS viral load was significantly higher in children with SNHL than in those with normal hearing ( 2 . 69 versus 1 . 64 , 95% CI -1 . 84 to -0 . 27 , p = 0 . 01 ) . 8/35 ( 23% ) children with unexplained SNHL tested positive for CMV DNA on DBS . One false positive result was obtained . CONCLUSION : The risk of SNHL increased with DBS viral load . Further studies should investigate whether DBS CMV testing has a role in identifying asymptomatic congenitally infected neonates at risk of SNHL , and whether antiviral treatment can reduce this risk .
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| Title: Changes of organic acid exudation and rhizosphere pH in rice plants under chromium stress .
| | Author: Zeng F Chen S Miao Y Wu F Zhang G | | Journal: Environ Pollut Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18162271 Accession (PMID): 18162271 | | Abstract: The effect of chromium ( Cr ) stress on the changes of rhizosphere pH , organic acid exudation , and Cr accumulation in plants was studied using two rice genotypes differing in grain Cr accumulation .
The results showed that rhizosphere pH increased with increasing level of Cr in the culture solution and with an extended time of Cr exposure .
Among the six organic acids examined in this experiment , oxalic and malic acid contents were relatively higher , and had a significant positive correlation with the rhizosphere pH , indicating that they play an important role in changing rhizosphere pH .
The Cr content in roots was significantly higher than that in stems and leaves .
Cr accumulation in plants was significantly and positively correlated with rhizosphere pH , and the exudation of oxalic , malic and citric acids , suggesting that an increase in rhizosphere pH , and exudation of oxalic , malic and citric acid enhances Cr accumulation in rice plants .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of chromium ( Cr ) stress on the changes of rhizosphere pH , organic acid exudation , and Cr accumulation in plants was studied using two rice genotypes differing in grain Cr accumulation . The results showed that rhizosphere pH increased with increasing level of Cr in the culture solution and with an extended time of Cr exposure . Among the six organic acids examined in this experiment , oxalic and malic acid contents were relatively higher , and had a significant positive correlation with the rhizosphere pH , indicating that they play an important role in changing rhizosphere pH . The Cr content in roots was significantly higher than that in stems and leaves . Cr accumulation in plants was significantly and positively correlated with rhizosphere pH , and the exudation of oxalic , malic and citric acids , suggesting that an increase in rhizosphere pH , and exudation of oxalic , malic and citric acid enhances Cr accumulation in rice plants .
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| Title: Spatially-compressed cardiac myofilament models generate hysteresis that is not found in real muscle .
| | Author: Rice JJ Tu Y Poggesi C De Tombe PP | | Journal: Pac Symp Biocomput Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18229700 Accession (PMID): 18229700 | | Abstract: In the field of cardiac modeling , calcium ( Ca- ) based activation is often described by sets of ordinary differential equations that do not explicitly represent spatial interactions of regulatory proteins or crossbridge attachment .
These spatially compressed models are most often mean-field representations as opposed to methods that explicitly compute the surrounding field ( or equivalently , the surrounding environment ) of individual regulatory units and crossbridges .
Instead , a mean value is used to represent the whole population .
Almost universally , the mean-field approach assumes developed force produces positive feedback to globally increase the mean binding affinity of the regulatory proteins .
We show that this approach produces hysteresis in the steady-state Force-Ca responses when developed force increases Ca-affinity troponin to the degree that is observed in real muscle .
Specifically , multiple stable solutions exist as a function of Ca level that could be alternatively reached depending on stimulus history .
The resulting hysteresis is quite pronounced and disagrees with experimental characterizations in cardiac muscle that generally show little if any hysteresis .
Moreover , we provide data showing that hysteresis does not occur in carefully controlled myofibril preparations .
Hence , we suggest that the most widely used methods to produce multiscale models of cardiac force generation show bistability and hysteresis effects that are not seen in real muscle responses | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the field of cardiac modeling , calcium ( Ca- ) based activation is often described by sets of ordinary differential equations that do not explicitly represent spatial interactions of regulatory proteins or crossbridge attachment . These spatially compressed models are most often mean-field representations as opposed to methods that explicitly compute the surrounding field ( or equivalently , the surrounding environment ) of individual regulatory units and crossbridges . Instead , a mean value is used to represent the whole population . Almost universally , the mean-field approach assumes developed force produces positive feedback to globally increase the mean binding affinity of the regulatory proteins . We show that this approach produces hysteresis in the steady-state Force-Ca responses when developed force increases Ca-affinity troponin to the degree that is observed in real muscle . Specifically , multiple stable solutions exist as a function of Ca level that could be alternatively reached depending on stimulus history . The resulting hysteresis is quite pronounced and disagrees with experimental characterizations in cardiac muscle that generally show little if any hysteresis . Moreover , we provide data showing that hysteresis does not occur in carefully controlled myofibril preparations . Hence , we suggest that the most widely used methods to produce multiscale models of cardiac force generation show bistability and hysteresis effects that are not seen in real muscle responses
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A zinc-dependent nuclear endonuclease is responsible for DNA laddering during salt-induced programmed cell death in root tip cells of rice .
| | Author: Jiang AL Cheng Y Li J Zhang W | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18295371 Accession (PMID): 18295371 | | Abstract: DNA laddering is one of the biochemical processes characteristic of programmed cell death ( PCD ) both in animals and plants .
However , the mechanism of DNA laddering varies in different species , even in different it issues of one organism .
In the present study , we used root tip cells of rice , which have been induced by NaCl stress to undergo PCD , to analyze the endonuclease activities of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts .
Two endonucleases , a cytoplasmic of 20kDa ( OsCyt20 ) and a nuclear of 37kDa ( OsNuc37 ) , were identified as PCD related .
Our results indicated that OsCyt20 is a Ca ( 2+ ) /Mg ( 2+ ) -dependent nuclease , which is most active at neutral pH , and that OsNuc37 is Zn ( 2+ ) -dependent , with a pH optimum of 4 . 5-6 .
Both nucleases were induced at the early stage of PCD ( 2h salt treatment ) and exhibited the highest activity approximately 4h after exposure to NaCl , paralleling with the occurrence of DNA laddering .
In vitro assays of endonuclease activities further revealed that OsNuc37 , a glycoprotein localized in the nucleus , is the executor for DNA laddering .
The different effects of both endonucleases on DNA degradation during salt-induced PCD are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: DNA laddering is one of the biochemical processes characteristic of programmed cell death ( PCD ) both in animals and plants . However , the mechanism of DNA laddering varies in different species , even in different it issues of one organism . In the present study , we used root tip cells of rice , which have been induced by NaCl stress to undergo PCD , to analyze the endonuclease activities of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts . Two endonucleases , a cytoplasmic of 20kDa ( OsCyt20 ) and a nuclear of 37kDa ( OsNuc37 ) , were identified as PCD related . Our results indicated that OsCyt20 is a Ca ( 2+ ) /Mg ( 2+ ) -dependent nuclease , which is most active at neutral pH , and that OsNuc37 is Zn ( 2+ ) -dependent , with a pH optimum of 4 . 5-6 . Both nucleases were induced at the early stage of PCD ( 2h salt treatment ) and exhibited the highest activity approximately 4h after exposure to NaCl , paralleling with the occurrence of DNA laddering . In vitro assays of endonuclease activities further revealed that OsNuc37 , a glycoprotein localized in the nucleus , is the executor for DNA laddering . The different effects of both endonucleases on DNA degradation during salt-induced PCD are discussed .
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| Title: Quantitative structural-activity relationship ( QSAR ) study for fungicidal activities of thiazoline derivatives against rice blast | | Author: Song JS Moon T Nam KD Lee JK Hahn HG Choi EJ Yoon CN | | Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18299194 Accession (PMID): 18299194 | | Abstract: For the development of new fungicides against rice blast , the quantitative structural-activity relationship ( QSAR ) analyses for fungicidal activities of thiazoline derivatives were carried out using multiple linear regression ( MLR ) and neural network ( NN ) .
We have studied the substituent effects at para site of R ( 1 ) and at three sites ( ortho , meta , or para ) of R ( 2 ) aromatic rings in compounds .
The results of MLR and NN analyses in the training set of Set-3 showed good correlations ( r ( 2 ) values of 0 . 829 and 0 . 966 , respectively ) between the descriptors and the fungicidal activities .
Five descriptors including the non-overlap steric volume SV ( R2C2 ) ) , Connolly surface area SA ( R1 ) , hydrophobicity Sigma pi ( R2 ) , and Hammett substituent constants ( sigma ( pR1 ) and sigma ( mR2 ) ) were selected as important factors of fungicidal activities .
Although the descriptors of optimum MLR model were used in NN , the results were improved by NN .
This means that the descriptors used in MLR model include non-linear relationships .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: For the development of new fungicides against rice blast , the quantitative structural-activity relationship ( QSAR ) analyses for fungicidal activities of thiazoline derivatives were carried out using multiple linear regression ( MLR ) and neural network ( NN ) . We have studied the substituent effects at para site of R ( 1 ) and at three sites ( ortho , meta , or para ) of R ( 2 ) aromatic rings in compounds . The results of MLR and NN analyses in the training set of Set-3 showed good correlations ( r ( 2 ) values of 0 . 829 and 0 . 966 , respectively ) between the descriptors and the fungicidal activities . Five descriptors including the non-overlap steric volume SV ( R2C2 ) ) , Connolly surface area SA ( R1 ) , hydrophobicity Sigma pi ( R2 ) , and Hammett substituent constants ( sigma ( pR1 ) and sigma ( mR2 ) ) were selected as important factors of fungicidal activities . Although the descriptors of optimum MLR model were used in NN , the results were improved by NN . This means that the descriptors used in MLR model include non-linear relationships .
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| Title: Synthesis of silicalite-1 from organo-silicic gels .
| | Author: Sanchez-Flores NA Pacheco-Malagon G Perez-Romo P Armendariz H Valente JS Guzman-Castillo Mde L Alcaraz J Banos L Blesa JM Fripiat JJ | | Journal: J Colloid Interface Sci Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18501917 Accession (PMID): 18501917 | | Abstract: Well crystallized silicalite-1 has been obtained from three sources of amorphous silica , namely , rice hull ashes , commercial Davisil , and a fume silica from Aldrich .
The silicas were first dissolved in glycerol according to a recently described reaction .
This reaction transforms rapidly and efficiently large surface area silicates into poly-alkoxide gels .
It can be schematized as an etherification of an alcohol function of glycerol by the weakly acid surface silanol groups .
The facile hydrolysis of the alkoxide permits the preparation of relatively pure and reactive silica , keeping the mesoporous character of the parent starting material We insist on the mesoporous character of the solids obtained upon hydrolyzing the organo-silicic gel because we believe the gel plays a role of template in the secondary synthesis of mesoporous structures .
The hydrolysis is carried out in presence of a structure directing agent , namely tetra-propylammonium hydroxide , TPAOH .
After aging , the residue is dried and calcined .
The first advantage of using the organo-silicic gel is probably related to the high degree of depolymerization of silica , witness by the C/Si ratio .
The second one , more subtle to define , is to provide an intermediate silica with hydrophilic a hydrophobic regions , interfering differently with the surfactant .
After calcination at 500 degrees C , well crystallized silicalite-1 is obtained .
The texture of the starting silica influences the textural characteristics of the final silicalite-1 .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Well crystallized silicalite-1 has been obtained from three sources of amorphous silica , namely , rice hull ashes , commercial Davisil , and a fume silica from Aldrich . The silicas were first dissolved in glycerol according to a recently described reaction . This reaction transforms rapidly and efficiently large surface area silicates into poly-alkoxide gels . It can be schematized as an etherification of an alcohol function of glycerol by the weakly acid surface silanol groups . The facile hydrolysis of the alkoxide permits the preparation of relatively pure and reactive silica , keeping the mesoporous character of the parent starting material We insist on the mesoporous character of the solids obtained upon hydrolyzing the organo-silicic gel because we believe the gel plays a role of template in the secondary synthesis of mesoporous structures . The hydrolysis is carried out in presence of a structure directing agent , namely tetra-propylammonium hydroxide , TPAOH . After aging , the residue is dried and calcined . The first advantage of using the organo-silicic gel is probably related to the high degree of depolymerization of silica , witness by the C/Si ratio . The second one , more subtle to define , is to provide an intermediate silica with hydrophilic a hydrophobic regions , interfering differently with the surfactant . After calcination at 500 degrees C , well crystallized silicalite-1 is obtained . The texture of the starting silica influences the textural characteristics of the final silicalite-1 .
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| Title: Comparative physiological and molecular responses of a common aromatic indica rice cultivar to high salinity with non-aromatic indica rice cultivars .
| | Author: Roychoudhury A Basu S Sarkar SN Sengupta DN | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18509653 Accession (PMID): 18509653 | | Abstract: In an attempt to understand the molecular basis of salt-stress response in the aromatic rice Gobindobhog , a comprehensive analysis encompassing physiological or biochemical assays and gene expression studies under high salt ( 200 mM NaCl ) supply regimes were initiated and compared with a salt-sensitive ( M-1-48 ) and salt-tolerant ( Nonabokra ) rice .
The detrimental effects of salinity stress were the most pronounced in Gobindobhog , as reflected by the maximally increased root to shoot ratio , the highest chlorophyll degeneration , the highest foliar concentration of Na ( + ) ions and peroxide content , with their maximum increment after salt treatment .
The amplification of oxidative damages was further stimulated by the accumulation of putrescine and lipid peroxidation-derived toxic degradation products ( increased malondialdehyde and lipoxygenase activity ) , which were comparable in M-1-48 and Gobindobhog .
Antioxidants like anthocyanin and particularly cysteine and the osmolytes like reducing sugar , proline and polyamines ( spermidine and spermine ) showed the highest level in Nonabokra .
While the inhibition of catalase activity occurred in all the varieties following salt-stress , the maximum induction in guaiacol peroxidase activity , elevated cysteine and proline levels in Gobindobhog probably constituted the detoxification mechanism obligatory for its survival Intensification of the aroma content with salt treatment was markedly noted in Gobindobhog .
A very low abundance of Rab16A/SamDC transcript and the corresponding proteins were observed both in M-1-48 and Gobindobhog , induced only after salt-stress , whereas they were constitutively expressed in Nonabokra .
Thus , our data reflect Gobindobhog as a salt-sensitive cultivar , susceptible to high-stress-induced growth-inhibition , ion imbalances , membrane/oxidative damages with lower expression of stress-tolerant genes .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In an attempt to understand the molecular basis of salt-stress response in the aromatic rice Gobindobhog , a comprehensive analysis encompassing physiological or biochemical assays and gene expression studies under high salt ( 200 mM NaCl ) supply regimes were initiated and compared with a salt-sensitive ( M-1-48 ) and salt-tolerant ( Nonabokra ) rice . The detrimental effects of salinity stress were the most pronounced in Gobindobhog , as reflected by the maximally increased root to shoot ratio , the highest chlorophyll degeneration , the highest foliar concentration of Na ( + ) ions and peroxide content , with their maximum increment after salt treatment . The amplification of oxidative damages was further stimulated by the accumulation of putrescine and lipid peroxidation-derived toxic degradation products ( increased malondialdehyde and lipoxygenase activity ) , which were comparable in M-1-48 and Gobindobhog . Antioxidants like anthocyanin and particularly cysteine and the osmolytes like reducing sugar , proline and polyamines ( spermidine and spermine ) showed the highest level in Nonabokra . While the inhibition of catalase activity occurred in all the varieties following salt-stress , the maximum induction in guaiacol peroxidase activity , elevated cysteine and proline levels in Gobindobhog probably constituted the detoxification mechanism obligatory for its survival Intensification of the aroma content with salt treatment was markedly noted in Gobindobhog . A very low abundance of Rab16A/SamDC transcript and the corresponding proteins were observed both in M-1-48 and Gobindobhog , induced only after salt-stress , whereas they were constitutively expressed in Nonabokra . Thus , our data reflect Gobindobhog as a salt-sensitive cultivar , susceptible to high-stress-induced growth-inhibition , ion imbalances , membrane/oxidative damages with lower expression of stress-tolerant genes .
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| Title: Methyl jasmonate induces production of reactive oxygen species and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that precede photosynthetic dysfunction and subsequent cell death .
| | Author: Zhang L Xing D | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18535010 Accession (PMID): 18535010 | | Abstract: Methyl jasmonate ( MeJa ) is a well-known plant stress hormone .
Upon exposure to stress , MeJa is produced and causes activation of programmed cell death ( PCD ) and defense mechanisms in plants .
However , the early events and the signaling mechanisms of MeJa-induced cell death have yet to be fully elucidated .
To obtain some insights into the early events of this cell death process , we investigated mitochondrial dynamics , chloroplast morphology and function , production and localization of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) at the single-cell level as well as photosynthetic capacity at the whole-seedling level under MeJa stimulation .
Our results demonstrated that MeJa induction of ROS production , which first occurred in mitochondria after 1 h of MeJa treatment and subsequently in chloroplasts by 3 h of treatment , caused a series of alterations in mitochondrial dynamics including the cessation of mitochondrial movement , the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( MPT ) , and the morphological transition and aberrant distribution of mitochondria .
Thereafter , photochemical efficiency dramatically declined before obvious distortion in chloroplast morphology , which is prior to MeJa-induced cell death in protoplasts or intact seedlings .
Moreover , treatment of protoplasts with ascorbic acid or catalase prevented ROS production , organelle change , photosynthetic dysfunction and subsequent cell death .
The permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporin A gave significant protection against MPT loss , mitochondrial swelling and subsequent cell death .
These results suggested that MeJa induces ROS production and alterations of mitochondrial dynamics as well as subsequent photosynthetic collapse , which occur upstream of cell death and are necessary components of the cell death process .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methyl jasmonate ( MeJa ) is a well-known plant stress hormone . Upon exposure to stress , MeJa is produced and causes activation of programmed cell death ( PCD ) and defense mechanisms in plants . However , the early events and the signaling mechanisms of MeJa-induced cell death have yet to be fully elucidated . To obtain some insights into the early events of this cell death process , we investigated mitochondrial dynamics , chloroplast morphology and function , production and localization of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) at the single-cell level as well as photosynthetic capacity at the whole-seedling level under MeJa stimulation . Our results demonstrated that MeJa induction of ROS production , which first occurred in mitochondria after 1 h of MeJa treatment and subsequently in chloroplasts by 3 h of treatment , caused a series of alterations in mitochondrial dynamics including the cessation of mitochondrial movement , the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( MPT ) , and the morphological transition and aberrant distribution of mitochondria . Thereafter , photochemical efficiency dramatically declined before obvious distortion in chloroplast morphology , which is prior to MeJa-induced cell death in protoplasts or intact seedlings . Moreover , treatment of protoplasts with ascorbic acid or catalase prevented ROS production , organelle change , photosynthetic dysfunction and subsequent cell death . The permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporin A gave significant protection against MPT loss , mitochondrial swelling and subsequent cell death . These results suggested that MeJa induces ROS production and alterations of mitochondrial dynamics as well as subsequent photosynthetic collapse , which occur upstream of cell death and are necessary components of the cell death process .
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| Title: A proteomic analysis of rice seedlings responding to 1 , 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene stress .
| | Author: Ge C Wan D Wang Z Ding Y Wang Y Shang Q Ma F Luo S | | Journal: J Environ Sci ( China ) Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18595398 Accession (PMID): 18595398 | | Abstract: The proteomic analysis of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) roots and leaves responding to 1 , 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene ( TCB ) stress was carried out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis , mass spectrometric ( MS ) , and protein database analysis .
The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves .
The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves , when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress .
Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress .
These responses include detoxication of toxic substances , expression of pathogenesis-related proteins , synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds , regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism , activation of methionine salvage pathway , and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism .
Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars , the beta-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar ( Oryza sativa L ) Aizaizhan , and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63 .
This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The proteomic analysis of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) roots and leaves responding to 1 , 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene ( TCB ) stress was carried out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis , mass spectrometric ( MS ) , and protein database analysis . The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves . The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves , when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress . Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress . These responses include detoxication of toxic substances , expression of pathogenesis-related proteins , synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds , regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism , activation of methionine salvage pathway , and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism . Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars , the beta-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar ( Oryza sativa L ) Aizaizhan , and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63 . This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan .
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| Title: Comparison of Cigarette and Water-Pipe Smoking by Arab and Non-Arab-American Youth .
| | Author: Weglicki LS Templin TN Rice VH Jamil H Hammad A | | Journal: Am J Prev Med Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18675529 Accession (PMID): 18675529 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide .
Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a US community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years , this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail ( eg , smoking history , belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes , family members in home who smoke water pipes ) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community .
METHODS : A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey .
Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008 .
RESULTS : Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking ( 20% vs 39% ) ; current cigarette smoking ( 7% vs 22% ) ; and regular cigarette smoking ( 3% vs 15% ) than non-Arab-American youth .
In contrast , Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking ( 38% vs 21% ) and current water-pipe smoking ( 17% vs 11% ) than non-Arab-American youth .
Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking .
Logistic regression showed that youth were 11 . 0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes .
Youth were also 11 . 0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes .
If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home , youth were 6 . 3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers .
The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking .
CONCLUSIONS : Further research is needed to determine the percentages , patterns , and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth .
Additionally , youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking .
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[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a US community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years , this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail ( eg , smoking history , belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes , family members in home who smoke water pipes ) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community . METHODS : A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey . Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008 . RESULTS : Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking ( 20% vs 39% ) ; current cigarette smoking ( 7% vs 22% ) ; and regular cigarette smoking ( 3% vs 15% ) than non-Arab-American youth . In contrast , Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking ( 38% vs 21% ) and current water-pipe smoking ( 17% vs 11% ) than non-Arab-American youth . Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking . Logistic regression showed that youth were 11 . 0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes . Youth were also 11 . 0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes . If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home , youth were 6 . 3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers . The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking . CONCLUSIONS : Further research is needed to determine the percentages , patterns , and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth . Additionally , youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking .
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| Title: Quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) analysis for rice grain width and fine mapping of an identified QTL allele gw-5 in a recombination hotspot region on chromosome 5 .
| | Author: Wan X Weng J Zhai H Wang J Lei C Liu X Guo T Jiang L Su N Wan J | | Journal: Genetics Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18689882 Accession (PMID): 18689882 | | Abstract: Rice grain width and shape play a crucial role in determining grain quality and yield .
The genetic basis of rice grain width was dissected into six additive quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) and 11 pairs of epistatic QTL using an F ( 7 ) recombinant inbred line ( RIL ) population derived from a single cross between Asominori ( japonica ) and IR24 ( indica ) .
QTL by environment interactions were evaluated in four environments .
Chromosome segment substitution lines ( CSSLs ) harboring the six additive effect QTL were used to evaluate gene action across eight environments .
A major , stable QTL , qGW-5 , consistently decreased rice grain width in both the Asominori/IR24 RIL and CSSL populations with the genetic background Asominori .
By investigating the distorted segregation of phenotypic values of rice grain width and genotypes of molecular markers in BC ( 4 ) F ( 2 ) and BC ( 4 ) F ( 3 ) populations , qGW-5 was dissected into a single recessive gene , gw-5 , which controlled both grain width and length-width ratio . gw-5 was narrowed down to a 49 . 7-kb genomic region with high recombination frequencies on chromosome 5 using 6781 BC ( 4 ) F ( 2 ) individuals and 10 newly developed simple sequence repeat markers .
Our results provide a basis for map-based cloning of the gw-5 gene and for marker-aided gene/QTL pyramiding in rice quality breeding .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice grain width and shape play a crucial role in determining grain quality and yield . The genetic basis of rice grain width was dissected into six additive quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) and 11 pairs of epistatic QTL using an F ( 7 ) recombinant inbred line ( RIL ) population derived from a single cross between Asominori ( japonica ) and IR24 ( indica ) . QTL by environment interactions were evaluated in four environments . Chromosome segment substitution lines ( CSSLs ) harboring the six additive effect QTL were used to evaluate gene action across eight environments . A major , stable QTL , qGW-5 , consistently decreased rice grain width in both the Asominori/IR24 RIL and CSSL populations with the genetic background Asominori . By investigating the distorted segregation of phenotypic values of rice grain width and genotypes of molecular markers in BC ( 4 ) F ( 2 ) and BC ( 4 ) F ( 3 ) populations , qGW-5 was dissected into a single recessive gene , gw-5 , which controlled both grain width and length-width ratio . gw-5 was narrowed down to a 49 . 7-kb genomic region with high recombination frequencies on chromosome 5 using 6781 BC ( 4 ) F ( 2 ) individuals and 10 newly developed simple sequence repeat markers . Our results provide a basis for map-based cloning of the gw-5 gene and for marker-aided gene/QTL pyramiding in rice quality breeding .
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| Title: Association between blood pressure responses to the cold pressor test and dietary sodium intervention in a Chinese population .
| | Author: Chen J Gu D Jaquish CE Chen CS Rao DC Liu D Hixson JE Hamm LL Gu CC Whelton PK He J | | Journal: Arch Intern Med Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18779460 Accession (PMID): 18779460 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Blood pressure ( BP ) responses to the cold pressor test ( CPT ) and to dietary sodium intake might be related to the risk of hypertension .
We examined the association between BP responses to the CPT and to dietary sodium and potassium interventions .
METHODS : The CPT and dietary intervention were conducted among 1906 study participants in rural China .
The dietary intervention included three 7-day periods of low sodium intake ( 3 g/d of salt [ sodium chloride ] [ 51 . 3 mmol/d of sodium ] ) , high sodium intake ( 18 g/d of salt [ 307 . 8 mmol/d of sodium ] ) , and high sodium intake plus potassium chloride supplementation ( 60 mmol/d ) .
A total of 9 BP measurements were obtained during the 3-day baseline observation and the last 3 days of each intervention using a random-zero sphygmomanometer .
RESULTS : Blood pressure response to the CPT was significantly associated with BP changes during the sodium and potassium interventions ( all P < . 001 ) .
Compared with the lowest quartile of BP response to the CPT ( quartile 1 ) , systolic BP changes ( 95% confidence intervals ) for the quartiles 2 , 3 , and 4 were -2 . 02 ( -2 . 87 to -1 . 16 ) mm Hg , -3 . 17 ( -4 . 05 to -2 . 28 ) mm Hg , and -5 . 98 ( -6 . 89 to -5 . 08 ) mm Hg , respectively , during the low-sodium intervention .
Corresponding systolic BP changes during the high-sodium intervention were 0 . 40 ( -0 . 36 to 1 . 16 ) mm Hg , 0 . 44 ( -0 . 35 to 1 . 22 ) mm Hg , and 2 . 30 ( 1 . 50 to 3 . 10 ) mm Hg , respectively , and during the high-sodium plus potassium supplementation intervention were -0 . 26 ( -0 . 99 to 0 . 46 ) mm Hg , -0 . 95 ( -1 . 70 to -0 . 20 ) mm Hg , and -1 . 59 ( -2 . 36 to -0 . 83 ) mm Hg , respectively .
CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that BP response to the CPT was associated with salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity .
Furthermore , a low-sodium or high-potassium diet might be more effective to lower BP among individuals with high responses to the CPT .
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[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Blood pressure ( BP ) responses to the cold pressor test ( CPT ) and to dietary sodium intake might be related to the risk of hypertension . We examined the association between BP responses to the CPT and to dietary sodium and potassium interventions . METHODS : The CPT and dietary intervention were conducted among 1906 study participants in rural China . The dietary intervention included three 7-day periods of low sodium intake ( 3 g/d of salt [ sodium chloride ] [ 51 . 3 mmol/d of sodium ] ) , high sodium intake ( 18 g/d of salt [ 307 . 8 mmol/d of sodium ] ) , and high sodium intake plus potassium chloride supplementation ( 60 mmol/d ) . A total of 9 BP measurements were obtained during the 3-day baseline observation and the last 3 days of each intervention using a random-zero sphygmomanometer . RESULTS : Blood pressure response to the CPT was significantly associated with BP changes during the sodium and potassium interventions ( all P < . 001 ) . Compared with the lowest quartile of BP response to the CPT ( quartile 1 ) , systolic BP changes ( 95% confidence intervals ) for the quartiles 2 , 3 , and 4 were -2 . 02 ( -2 . 87 to -1 . 16 ) mm Hg , -3 . 17 ( -4 . 05 to -2 . 28 ) mm Hg , and -5 . 98 ( -6 . 89 to -5 . 08 ) mm Hg , respectively , during the low-sodium intervention . Corresponding systolic BP changes during the high-sodium intervention were 0 . 40 ( -0 . 36 to 1 . 16 ) mm Hg , 0 . 44 ( -0 . 35 to 1 . 22 ) mm Hg , and 2 . 30 ( 1 . 50 to 3 . 10 ) mm Hg , respectively , and during the high-sodium plus potassium supplementation intervention were -0 . 26 ( -0 . 99 to 0 . 46 ) mm Hg , -0 . 95 ( -1 . 70 to -0 . 20 ) mm Hg , and -1 . 59 ( -2 . 36 to -0 . 83 ) mm Hg , respectively . CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that BP response to the CPT was associated with salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity . Furthermore , a low-sodium or high-potassium diet might be more effective to lower BP among individuals with high responses to the CPT .
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| Title: Refunctionalization of the ancient rice blast disease resistance gene Pit by the recruitment of a retrotransposon as a promoter .
| | Author: Hayashi K Yoshida H | | Journal: Plant J Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18808453 Accession (PMID): 18808453 | | Abstract: The plant genome contains a large number of disease resistance ( R ) genes that have evolved through diverse mechanisms .
Here , we report that a long terminal repeat ( LTR ) retrotransposon contributed to the evolution of the rice blast resistance gene Pit .
Pit confers race-specific resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea , and is a member of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat ( NBS-LRR ) family of R genes .
Compared with the non-functional allele Pit ( Npb ) , the functional allele Pit ( K59 ) contains four amino acid substitutions , and has the LTR retrotransposon Renovator inserted upstream .
Pathogenesis assays using chimeric constructs carrying the various regions of Pit ( K59 ) and Pit ( Npb ) suggest that amino acid substitutions might have a potential effect in Pit resistance ; more importantly , the upregulated promoter activity conferred by the Renovator sequence is essential for Pit function .
Our data suggest that transposon-mediated transcriptional activation may play an important role in the refunctionalization of additional sleeping R genes in the plant genome .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The plant genome contains a large number of disease resistance ( R ) genes that have evolved through diverse mechanisms . Here , we report that a long terminal repeat ( LTR ) retrotransposon contributed to the evolution of the rice blast resistance gene Pit . Pit confers race-specific resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea , and is a member of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat ( NBS-LRR ) family of R genes . Compared with the non-functional allele Pit ( Npb ) , the functional allele Pit ( K59 ) contains four amino acid substitutions , and has the LTR retrotransposon Renovator inserted upstream . Pathogenesis assays using chimeric constructs carrying the various regions of Pit ( K59 ) and Pit ( Npb ) suggest that amino acid substitutions might have a potential effect in Pit resistance ; more importantly , the upregulated promoter activity conferred by the Renovator sequence is essential for Pit function . Our data suggest that transposon-mediated transcriptional activation may play an important role in the refunctionalization of additional sleeping R genes in the plant genome .
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| Title: Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance .
| | Author: Pattanagul W Thitisaksakul M | | Journal: Indian J Exp Biol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19024173 Accession (PMID): 19024173 | | Abstract: Rice seedlings cv .
Khao Dawk Mali 105 ( salt-sensitive ) , Luang Anan ( moderately salt-tolerant ) and Pokkali ( salt-tolerant ) were exposed to 0 , 50 , 100 and 150 mM NaCI for 9 d .
Salinity stress caused reduction in leaf relative water contents in all cultivars .
Shoot length of cv .
Pokkali was least affected by salinity stress whereas increased root length in response to salinity stress was apparent in cvs Khao Dawk Mali 105 and Luang Anan .
Increased salinity level also caused reduction in fresh and dry weights in cvs Khao Dawk Mali 105 and Luang Anan , but had no effect in cv .
Pokkali except at 150 mM .
Accumulation of total soluble sugars and sucrose in mature leaves were observed in cv .
Khao Dawk Mali 105 exposed to high level of salinity whereas their concentrations in cvs Luang Anan and Pokkali remained the same as control plants .
Accumulation of sucrose in cv .
Khao Dawk Mali 105 was suggested to be resulted from the alteration of photosynthate partitioning since the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase were not affected by salinity in this cultivar .
On the contrary , salinity stress induced an accumulation of starch in cv .
Pokkali .
It is suggested that partitioning sugars into starch may involve in salinity tolerance by avoiding metabolic alterations .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice seedlings cv . Khao Dawk Mali 105 ( salt-sensitive ) , Luang Anan ( moderately salt-tolerant ) and Pokkali ( salt-tolerant ) were exposed to 0 , 50 , 100 and 150 mM NaCI for 9 d . Salinity stress caused reduction in leaf relative water contents in all cultivars . Shoot length of cv . Pokkali was least affected by salinity stress whereas increased root length in response to salinity stress was apparent in cvs Khao Dawk Mali 105 and Luang Anan . Increased salinity level also caused reduction in fresh and dry weights in cvs Khao Dawk Mali 105 and Luang Anan , but had no effect in cv . Pokkali except at 150 mM . Accumulation of total soluble sugars and sucrose in mature leaves were observed in cv . Khao Dawk Mali 105 exposed to high level of salinity whereas their concentrations in cvs Luang Anan and Pokkali remained the same as control plants . Accumulation of sucrose in cv . Khao Dawk Mali 105 was suggested to be resulted from the alteration of photosynthate partitioning since the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase were not affected by salinity in this cultivar . On the contrary , salinity stress induced an accumulation of starch in cv . Pokkali . It is suggested that partitioning sugars into starch may involve in salinity tolerance by avoiding metabolic alterations .
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| Title: Effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil .
| | Author: Huang B Yu K Gambrell RP | | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19027141 Accession (PMID): 19027141 | | Abstract: A laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron ( Fe ( III ) ) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide ( N ( 2 ) O ) and methane ( CH ( 4 ) ) emissions in a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) soil .
The anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial Fe ( III ) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment ( 40 mol Fe g ( -1 ) ) transitionally stimulated N ( 2 ) O production and lowered CH ( 4 ) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation .
Increased regeneration of Fe ( III ) through a 4-day aeration period in the Fe-amended slurry compared to the control slurry reduced CH ( 4 ) emission by 30% in the subsequent 15-day anaerobic incubation .
The pot experiment showed that ferrihydrite amendment ( 63 micromol Fe g ( -1 ) ) stimulated N ( 2 ) O fluxes in the days following flooding .
The Fe amendment suppression on CH ( 4 ) emission was obscured in the early season but became significant upon reflooding in the mid and late-seasons .
As a result , seasonal CH ( 4 ) emission in Fe-amended pots was 26% lower than the control with a single 2-day drainage and 69% lower with a double 2-day drainage .
The reduction in CH ( 4 ) emission upon reflooding from the Fe-amended pots was mainly attributed to the increased Fe ( III ) regeneration during drainage showing a mechanism of Fe ( III ) regeneration in mitigating CH ( 4 ) emission by short-term drainage in flooded soils .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron ( Fe ( III ) ) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide ( N ( 2 ) O ) and methane ( CH ( 4 ) ) emissions in a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) soil . The anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial Fe ( III ) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment ( 40 mol Fe g ( -1 ) ) transitionally stimulated N ( 2 ) O production and lowered CH ( 4 ) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation . Increased regeneration of Fe ( III ) through a 4-day aeration period in the Fe-amended slurry compared to the control slurry reduced CH ( 4 ) emission by 30% in the subsequent 15-day anaerobic incubation . The pot experiment showed that ferrihydrite amendment ( 63 micromol Fe g ( -1 ) ) stimulated N ( 2 ) O fluxes in the days following flooding . The Fe amendment suppression on CH ( 4 ) emission was obscured in the early season but became significant upon reflooding in the mid and late-seasons . As a result , seasonal CH ( 4 ) emission in Fe-amended pots was 26% lower than the control with a single 2-day drainage and 69% lower with a double 2-day drainage . The reduction in CH ( 4 ) emission upon reflooding from the Fe-amended pots was mainly attributed to the increased Fe ( III ) regeneration during drainage showing a mechanism of Fe ( III ) regeneration in mitigating CH ( 4 ) emission by short-term drainage in flooded soils .
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| Title: Heteromeric co-assembly of two insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits : influence on sensitivity to neonicotinoid insecticides .
| | Author: Liu Z Han Z Zhang Y Song F Yao X Liu S Gu J Millar NS | | Journal: J Neurochem Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19046356 Accession (PMID): 19046356 | | Abstract: Neonicotinoid insecticides , such as imidacloprid , are selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) and are used extensively in areas of crop protection and animal health to control a variety of insect pest species .
Here , we describe studies performed with nAChR subunits Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , a major insect pest of rice crops in many parts of Asia .
The influence of Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 subunits upon the functional properties of recombinant nAChRs has been examined by expression in Xenopus oocytes .
In addition , the influence of a Nlalpha1 mutation ( Y151S ) , which has been linked to neonicotinoid lab generated resistance in N lugens , has been examined .
As in previous studies of insect alpha subunits , functional expression has been achieved by co-expression with the mammalian beta2 subunit .
This approach has revealed a significantly higher apparent affinity of imidacloprid for Nlalpha1/beta2 than for Nlalpha2/beta2 nAChRs .
In addition , evidence has been obtained for the co-assembly of Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 subunits into triplet nAChRs of subunit composition Nlalpha1/Nlalpha2/beta2 .
Evidence has also been obtained which demonstrates that the resistance-associated Y151S mutation has a significantly reduced effect on neonicotinoid agonist activity when Nlalpha1 is co-assembled with Nlalpha2 than when expressed as the sole alpha subunit in a heteromeric nAChR .
These findings may be of importance in assessing the likely impact of the target-site mutations such as Y151S upon neonicotinoid insecticide resistance in insect field populations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Neonicotinoid insecticides , such as imidacloprid , are selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) and are used extensively in areas of crop protection and animal health to control a variety of insect pest species . Here , we describe studies performed with nAChR subunits Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , a major insect pest of rice crops in many parts of Asia . The influence of Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 subunits upon the functional properties of recombinant nAChRs has been examined by expression in Xenopus oocytes . In addition , the influence of a Nlalpha1 mutation ( Y151S ) , which has been linked to neonicotinoid lab generated resistance in N lugens , has been examined . As in previous studies of insect alpha subunits , functional expression has been achieved by co-expression with the mammalian beta2 subunit . This approach has revealed a significantly higher apparent affinity of imidacloprid for Nlalpha1/beta2 than for Nlalpha2/beta2 nAChRs . In addition , evidence has been obtained for the co-assembly of Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 subunits into triplet nAChRs of subunit composition Nlalpha1/Nlalpha2/beta2 . Evidence has also been obtained which demonstrates that the resistance-associated Y151S mutation has a significantly reduced effect on neonicotinoid agonist activity when Nlalpha1 is co-assembled with Nlalpha2 than when expressed as the sole alpha subunit in a heteromeric nAChR . These findings may be of importance in assessing the likely impact of the target-site mutations such as Y151S upon neonicotinoid insecticide resistance in insect field populations .
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| Title: A novel captopril chemiluminescence system for determination of copper ( II ) in human hair and cereal flours .
| | Author: Sorouraddin MH Iranifam M Imani-Nabiyyi A | | Journal: J Fluoresc Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19057986 Accession (PMID): 19057986 | | Abstract: A novel chemiluminescence ( CL ) reaction , captopril-H2O2 , for determination of Cu ( II ) at nanogram per milliliter level in batch-type system has been described .
The method relies on the catalytic effect of Cu ( II ) on the oxidation of captopril with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium .
The optimization step was performed using univariate methodology and the factors studied were : pH and concentrations of the utilized reagents .
Under the optimum conditions , calibration plot was linear in the range of 0 . 1-2 . 0 ppm .
Limit of detection was 30 ppb and relative standard deviation for five replicate determinations of 0 . 8 ppm Cu ( II ) was 1 . 89% .
The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cu ( II ) in human scalp hair and cereals , rice and wheat , flour with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity .
The results were validated by comparison with a standard method ( FAAS ) .
The possible mechanism of the new CL reaction has also been discussed .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A novel chemiluminescence ( CL ) reaction , captopril-H2O2 , for determination of Cu ( II ) at nanogram per milliliter level in batch-type system has been described . The method relies on the catalytic effect of Cu ( II ) on the oxidation of captopril with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium . The optimization step was performed using univariate methodology and the factors studied were : pH and concentrations of the utilized reagents . Under the optimum conditions , calibration plot was linear in the range of 0 . 1-2 . 0 ppm . Limit of detection was 30 ppb and relative standard deviation for five replicate determinations of 0 . 8 ppm Cu ( II ) was 1 . 89% . The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cu ( II ) in human scalp hair and cereals , rice and wheat , flour with satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity . The results were validated by comparison with a standard method ( FAAS ) . The possible mechanism of the new CL reaction has also been discussed .
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| Title: Inter-subunit interactions that coordinate Rad51s activities .
| | Author: Grigorescu AA Vissers JH Ristic D Pigli YZ Lynch TW Wyman C Rice PA | | Journal: Nucleic Acids Res Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19066203 Accession (PMID): 19066203 | | Abstract: Rad51 is the central catalyst of homologous recombination in eukaryotes and is thus critical for maintaining genomic integrity .
Recent crystal structures of filaments formed by Rad51 and the closely related archeal RadA and eubacterial RecA proteins place the ATPase site at the protomeric interface .
To test the relevance of this feature , we mutated conserved residues at this interface and examined their effects on key activities of Rad51 : ssDNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis , DNA binding , polymerization on DNA substrates and catalysis of strand-exchange reactions .
Our results show that the interface seen in the crystal structures is very important for nucleoprotein filament formation .
H352 and R357 of yeast Rad51 are essential for assembling the catalytically competent form of the enzyme on DNA substrates and coordinating its activities .
However , contrary to some previous suggestions , neither of these residues is critical for ATP hydrolysis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rad51 is the central catalyst of homologous recombination in eukaryotes and is thus critical for maintaining genomic integrity . Recent crystal structures of filaments formed by Rad51 and the closely related archeal RadA and eubacterial RecA proteins place the ATPase site at the protomeric interface . To test the relevance of this feature , we mutated conserved residues at this interface and examined their effects on key activities of Rad51 : ssDNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis , DNA binding , polymerization on DNA substrates and catalysis of strand-exchange reactions . Our results show that the interface seen in the crystal structures is very important for nucleoprotein filament formation . H352 and R357 of yeast Rad51 are essential for assembling the catalytically competent form of the enzyme on DNA substrates and coordinating its activities . However , contrary to some previous suggestions , neither of these residues is critical for ATP hydrolysis .
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| Title: Endogenous small RNAs in grain : semi-quantification and sequence homology to human and animal genes .
| | Author: Ivashuta SI Petrick JS Heisel SE Zhang Y Guo L Reynolds TL Rice JF Allen E Roberts JK | | Journal: Food Chem Toxicol Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19068223 Accession (PMID): 19068223 | | Abstract: Small interfering RNAs ( siRNAs ) and microRNAs ( miRNAs ) are effector molecules of RNA interference ( RNAi ) , a highly conserved RNA-based gene suppression mechanism in plants , mammals and other eukaryotes .
Endogenous RNAi-based gene suppression has been harnessed naturally and through conventional breeding to achieve desired plant phenotypes .
The present study demonstrates that endogenous small RNAs , such as siRNAs and miRNAs , are abundant in soybean seeds , corn kernels , and rice grain , plant it issues that are traditionally used for food and feed .
Numerous endogenous plant small RNAs were found to have perfect complementarity to human genes as well as those of other mammals .
The abundance of endogenous small RNA molecules in grain from safely consumed food and feed crops such as soybean , corn , and rice and the homology of a number of these dietary small RNAs to human and animal genomes and transcriptomes establishes a history of safe consumption for dietary small RNAs .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Small interfering RNAs ( siRNAs ) and microRNAs ( miRNAs ) are effector molecules of RNA interference ( RNAi ) , a highly conserved RNA-based gene suppression mechanism in plants , mammals and other eukaryotes . Endogenous RNAi-based gene suppression has been harnessed naturally and through conventional breeding to achieve desired plant phenotypes . The present study demonstrates that endogenous small RNAs , such as siRNAs and miRNAs , are abundant in soybean seeds , corn kernels , and rice grain , plant it issues that are traditionally used for food and feed . Numerous endogenous plant small RNAs were found to have perfect complementarity to human genes as well as those of other mammals . The abundance of endogenous small RNA molecules in grain from safely consumed food and feed crops such as soybean , corn , and rice and the homology of a number of these dietary small RNAs to human and animal genomes and transcriptomes establishes a history of safe consumption for dietary small RNAs .
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| Title: Herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP27 induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and apoptosis in HeLa cells .
| | Author: Gillis PA Okagaki LH Rice SA | | Journal: J Virol Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19073744 Accession (PMID): 19073744 | | Abstract: The herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) protein ICP27 has been implicated in a variety of functions important for viral replication including host shutoff , viral gene expression , activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase ( JNK ) , and apoptosis inhibition .
In the present study we sought to examine the functions of ICP27 in the absence of viral infection by creating stable HeLa cell lines that inducibly express ICP27 .
Here , we characterize two such cell lines and show that ICP27 expression is associated with a cellular growth defect .
The observed defect is caused at least in part by the induction of apoptosis as indicated by caspase-3 activation , annexin V staining , and characteristic changes in cellular morphology .
In an effort to identify the function of ICP27 responsible for inducing apoptosis , we show that ICP27 expression is sufficient to activate p38 signaling to a level that is similar to that observed during wild-type HSV-1 infection .
However , ICP27 expression alone is unable to lead to a strong activation of JNK signaling .
Using chemical inhibitors , we show that the ICP27-mediated activation of p38 signaling is responsible for the observed induction of apoptosis in the induced cell lines .
Our findings suggest that during viral infection , ICP27 activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways via two distinct mechanisms .
ICP27 directly activates p38 signaling , leading to stimulation of the host cell apoptotic pathways .
In contrast , robust activation of JNK signaling by ICP27 requires one or more delayed early or late viral gene products and may be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) protein ICP27 has been implicated in a variety of functions important for viral replication including host shutoff , viral gene expression , activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase ( JNK ) , and apoptosis inhibition . In the present study we sought to examine the functions of ICP27 in the absence of viral infection by creating stable HeLa cell lines that inducibly express ICP27 . Here , we characterize two such cell lines and show that ICP27 expression is associated with a cellular growth defect . The observed defect is caused at least in part by the induction of apoptosis as indicated by caspase-3 activation , annexin V staining , and characteristic changes in cellular morphology . In an effort to identify the function of ICP27 responsible for inducing apoptosis , we show that ICP27 expression is sufficient to activate p38 signaling to a level that is similar to that observed during wild-type HSV-1 infection . However , ICP27 expression alone is unable to lead to a strong activation of JNK signaling . Using chemical inhibitors , we show that the ICP27-mediated activation of p38 signaling is responsible for the observed induction of apoptosis in the induced cell lines . Our findings suggest that during viral infection , ICP27 activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways via two distinct mechanisms . ICP27 directly activates p38 signaling , leading to stimulation of the host cell apoptotic pathways . In contrast , robust activation of JNK signaling by ICP27 requires one or more delayed early or late viral gene products and may be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis .
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| Title: Bayesian multilocus association mapping on ordinal and censored traits and its application to the analysis of genetic variation among Oryza sativa L germplasms .
| | Author: Iwata H Ebana K Fukuoka S Jannink JL Hayashi T | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19132337 Accession (PMID): 19132337 | | Abstract: Association mapping can be a powerful tool for detecting quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) without requiring line-crossing experiments .
We previously proposed a Bayesian approach for simultaneously mapping multiple QTLs by a regression method that directly incorporates estimates of the population structure .
In the present study , we extended our method to analyze ordinal and censored traits , since both types of traits are common in the evaluation of germplasm collections .
Ordinal-probit and tobit models were employed to analyze ordinal and censored traits , respectively .
In both models , we postulated the existence of a latent continuous variable associated with the observable data , and we used a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample the latent variable and determine the model parameters .
We evaluated the efficiency of our approach by using simulated and real-trait analyses of a rice germplasm collection .
Simulation analyses based on real marker data showed that our models could reduce both false-positive and false-negative rates in detecting QTLs to reasonable levels .
Simulation analyses based on highly polymorphic marker data , which were generated by coalescent simulations , showed that our models could be applied to genotype data based on highly polymorphic marker systems , like simple sequence repeats .
For the real traits , we analyzed heading date as a censored trait and amylose content and the shape of milled rice grains as ordinal traits .
We found significant markers that may be linked to previously reported QTLs .
Our approach will be useful for whole-genome association mapping of ordinal and censored traits in rice germplasm collections .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Association mapping can be a powerful tool for detecting quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) without requiring line-crossing experiments . We previously proposed a Bayesian approach for simultaneously mapping multiple QTLs by a regression method that directly incorporates estimates of the population structure . In the present study , we extended our method to analyze ordinal and censored traits , since both types of traits are common in the evaluation of germplasm collections . Ordinal-probit and tobit models were employed to analyze ordinal and censored traits , respectively . In both models , we postulated the existence of a latent continuous variable associated with the observable data , and we used a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample the latent variable and determine the model parameters . We evaluated the efficiency of our approach by using simulated and real-trait analyses of a rice germplasm collection . Simulation analyses based on real marker data showed that our models could reduce both false-positive and false-negative rates in detecting QTLs to reasonable levels . Simulation analyses based on highly polymorphic marker data , which were generated by coalescent simulations , showed that our models could be applied to genotype data based on highly polymorphic marker systems , like simple sequence repeats . For the real traits , we analyzed heading date as a censored trait and amylose content and the shape of milled rice grains as ordinal traits . We found significant markers that may be linked to previously reported QTLs . Our approach will be useful for whole-genome association mapping of ordinal and censored traits in rice germplasm collections .
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| Title: Hydrogen gas is ineffective in moderate and severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat models .
| | Author: Matchett GA Fathali N Hasegawa Y Jadhav V Ostrowski RP Martin RD Dorotta IR Sun X Zhang JH | | Journal: Brain Res Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19168038 Accession (PMID): 19168038 | | Abstract: Hydrogen gas ( H ( 2 ) ) has been shown to ameliorate brain injury in experimental adult rat focal ischemia and in a mild neonatal hypoxia-ischemia ( HI , 90 min hypoxia ) rat model .
In this study we tested H ( 2 ) in moderate ( 120 min hypoxia ) and severe ( 150 min hypoxia ) neonatal HI rat models .
We hypothesized that H ( 2 ) would improve outcomes after neonatal HI by scavenging free radicals .
Two hundred ( 200 ) unsexed Sprague-Dawley rats at day 10 of life ( p10 ) underwent neonatal HI with the Rice-Vannucci model .
Multiple treatment protocols were studied , including pre-ischemic treatment , intra-ischemic treatment , and post-ischemic treatment ( Sham n=32 , HI n=82 , HI+H ( 2 ) n=86 ) .
We also tested H ( 2 ) in middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) in adult rats ( MCAO n=9 , MCAO+H ( 2 ) n=7 ) for comparison .
Analysis at 24 h included infarction volume , measurement of brain concentration of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) ( an end-product of lipid peroxidation ) , daily weight , Nissl histology , and mortality .
In moderate and severe neonatal HI models , hydrogen gas therapy ( 2 . 9% concentration H ( 2 ) ) was not associated with decreased volume of infarction or decreased concentration of MDA .
H ( 2 ) gas pretreatment ( 2 . 9% ) was associated with increased infarction volume in neonatal HI .
In MCAO in adult rats , H ( 2 ) gas therapy demonstrated a trend of beneficial effect .
Exposure of H ( 2 ) gas to non-ischemic neonates resulted in a significant increase in brain concentration of MDA .
We conclude that 2 . 9% H ( 2 ) gas therapy does not ameliorate moderate to severe ischemic damage in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hydrogen gas ( H ( 2 ) ) has been shown to ameliorate brain injury in experimental adult rat focal ischemia and in a mild neonatal hypoxia-ischemia ( HI , 90 min hypoxia ) rat model . In this study we tested H ( 2 ) in moderate ( 120 min hypoxia ) and severe ( 150 min hypoxia ) neonatal HI rat models . We hypothesized that H ( 2 ) would improve outcomes after neonatal HI by scavenging free radicals . Two hundred ( 200 ) unsexed Sprague-Dawley rats at day 10 of life ( p10 ) underwent neonatal HI with the Rice-Vannucci model . Multiple treatment protocols were studied , including pre-ischemic treatment , intra-ischemic treatment , and post-ischemic treatment ( Sham n=32 , HI n=82 , HI+H ( 2 ) n=86 ) . We also tested H ( 2 ) in middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) in adult rats ( MCAO n=9 , MCAO+H ( 2 ) n=7 ) for comparison . Analysis at 24 h included infarction volume , measurement of brain concentration of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) ( an end-product of lipid peroxidation ) , daily weight , Nissl histology , and mortality . In moderate and severe neonatal HI models , hydrogen gas therapy ( 2 . 9% concentration H ( 2 ) ) was not associated with decreased volume of infarction or decreased concentration of MDA . H ( 2 ) gas pretreatment ( 2 . 9% ) was associated with increased infarction volume in neonatal HI . In MCAO in adult rats , H ( 2 ) gas therapy demonstrated a trend of beneficial effect . Exposure of H ( 2 ) gas to non-ischemic neonates resulted in a significant increase in brain concentration of MDA . We conclude that 2 . 9% H ( 2 ) gas therapy does not ameliorate moderate to severe ischemic damage in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia .
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| Title: RNA editing : only eleven sites are present in the Physcomitrella patens mitochondrial transcriptome and a universal nomenclature proposal | | Author: Rudinger M Funk HT Rensing SA Maier UG Knoop V | | Journal: Mol Genet Genomics Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19169711 Accession (PMID): 19169711 | | Abstract: RNA editing in mitochondria and chloroplasts of land plants alters the coding content of transcripts through site-specific exchanges of cytidines into uridines and vice versa .
The abundance of RNA editing in model plant species such as rice or Arabidopsis with some 500 affected sites in their organelle transcripts hinders straightforward approaches to elucidate its mechanisms .
The moss Physcomitrella patens is increasingly being appreciated as an alternative plant model system , enhanced by the recent availability of its complete chloroplast , mitochondrial , and nuclear genome sequences .
We here report the transcriptomic analysis of Physcomitrella mitochondrial mRNAs as a prerequisite for future studies of mitochondrial RNA editing in this moss .
We find a strikingly low frequency of RNA editing affecting only eleven , albeit highly important , sites of C-to-U nucleotide modification in only nine mitochondrial genes .
Partial editing was seen for two of these sites but no evidence for any silent editing sites ( leaving the identity of the encoded amino acid unchanged ) as commonly observed in vascular plants was found in Physcomitrella , indicating a compact and efficient organization of the editing machinery .
Furthermore , we here wish to propose a unifying nomenclature to clearly identify and designate RNA editing positions and to facilitate future communication and database annotation .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RNA editing in mitochondria and chloroplasts of land plants alters the coding content of transcripts through site-specific exchanges of cytidines into uridines and vice versa . The abundance of RNA editing in model plant species such as rice or Arabidopsis with some 500 affected sites in their organelle transcripts hinders straightforward approaches to elucidate its mechanisms . The moss Physcomitrella patens is increasingly being appreciated as an alternative plant model system , enhanced by the recent availability of its complete chloroplast , mitochondrial , and nuclear genome sequences . We here report the transcriptomic analysis of Physcomitrella mitochondrial mRNAs as a prerequisite for future studies of mitochondrial RNA editing in this moss . We find a strikingly low frequency of RNA editing affecting only eleven , albeit highly important , sites of C-to-U nucleotide modification in only nine mitochondrial genes . Partial editing was seen for two of these sites but no evidence for any silent editing sites ( leaving the identity of the encoded amino acid unchanged ) as commonly observed in vascular plants was found in Physcomitrella , indicating a compact and efficient organization of the editing machinery . Furthermore , we here wish to propose a unifying nomenclature to clearly identify and designate RNA editing positions and to facilitate future communication and database annotation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Purification and characterization of rice DNA methyltransferase .
| | Author: Teerawanichpan P Krittanai P Chauvatcharin N Narangajavana J | | Journal: Plant Physiol Biochem Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19401269 Accession (PMID): 19401269 | | Abstract: Epigenetic modification is essential for normal development and plays important roles in gene regulation in higher plants .
Multiple factors interact to regulate the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation in plant genome .
We had previously cloned and characterized DNA methyltransferase ( DNA MTase ) gene homologues ( OsMET1 ) from rice .
In this present study , determination of DNA MTase activity in different cellular compartments showed that DNA MTase was enriched in nuclei and the activity was remarkably increased during imbibing dry seeds .
We had optimized the purification technique for DNA MTase enzyme from shoots of 10-day-old rice seedlings using the three successive chromatographic columns .
The Econo-Pac Q , the Hitrap-Heparin and the Superdex-200 columns yielded a protein fraction of a specific activity of 29 , 298 and 800 purification folds , compared to the original nuclear extract , respectively .
The purified protein preferred hemi-methylated DNA substrate , suggesting the maintenance activity of methylation .
The native rice DNA MTase was approximately 160-170kDa and exhibited a broad pH optimum in the range of 7 . 6 and 8 . 0 .
The enzyme kinetics and inhibitory effects by methyl donor analogs , base analogs , cations , and cationic amines on rice DNA MTase were examined .
Global cytosine methylation status of rice genome during development and in various it issue culture systems were monitored and the results suggested that the cytosine methylation level is not directly correlated with the DNA MTase activity .
The purification and characterization of rice DNA MTase enzyme are expected to enhance our understanding of this enzyme function and their possible contributions in Gramineae plant development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Epigenetic modification is essential for normal development and plays important roles in gene regulation in higher plants . Multiple factors interact to regulate the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation in plant genome . We had previously cloned and characterized DNA methyltransferase ( DNA MTase ) gene homologues ( OsMET1 ) from rice . In this present study , determination of DNA MTase activity in different cellular compartments showed that DNA MTase was enriched in nuclei and the activity was remarkably increased during imbibing dry seeds . We had optimized the purification technique for DNA MTase enzyme from shoots of 10-day-old rice seedlings using the three successive chromatographic columns . The Econo-Pac Q , the Hitrap-Heparin and the Superdex-200 columns yielded a protein fraction of a specific activity of 29 , 298 and 800 purification folds , compared to the original nuclear extract , respectively . The purified protein preferred hemi-methylated DNA substrate , suggesting the maintenance activity of methylation . The native rice DNA MTase was approximately 160-170kDa and exhibited a broad pH optimum in the range of 7 . 6 and 8 . 0 . The enzyme kinetics and inhibitory effects by methyl donor analogs , base analogs , cations , and cationic amines on rice DNA MTase were examined . Global cytosine methylation status of rice genome during development and in various it issue culture systems were monitored and the results suggested that the cytosine methylation level is not directly correlated with the DNA MTase activity . The purification and characterization of rice DNA MTase enzyme are expected to enhance our understanding of this enzyme function and their possible contributions in Gramineae plant development .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The effect of sucrose and abscisic acid interaction on sucrose synthase and its relationship to grain filling of rice ( Oryza sativa , L ) .
| | Author: Tang T Xie H Wang Y Lu B Liang J | | Journal: J Exp Bot Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19401410 Accession (PMID): 19401410 | | Abstract: Rice grain filling is a process of conversion of sucrose into starch catalysed by a series of enzymes .
Sucrose synthase ( SUS ) is considered as a key enzyme regulating this process .
This study investigated the possible roles of sucrose and abscisic acid ( ABA ) in mediating the activity and expression of SUS protein of grains during grain filling in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
Field-grown rice plants and detached cultured panicles were used as experimental materials .
Several treatments , including spikelet thinning , leaf cutting , and applications of different concentrations of exogenous sucrose and ABA , were imposed during grain filling .
A higher SUS activity was found in superior grains than in inferior grains in the earlier stage of grain filling , which was significantly and closely related to a higher grain filling rate and starch accumulation .
An increase in sucrose concentration in grains as a result of different treatments increased both SUS activity and SUS protein expression in grains .
An increase in ABA concentration gave similar results .
Furthermore , effects of interactions between sucrose and ABA on the activity and expression of SUS protein in grains were also found .
It was suggested that sucrose and ABA-mediated rice grain filling is largely due to an increase in SUS activity and SUS protein expression .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice grain filling is a process of conversion of sucrose into starch catalysed by a series of enzymes . Sucrose synthase ( SUS ) is considered as a key enzyme regulating this process . This study investigated the possible roles of sucrose and abscisic acid ( ABA ) in mediating the activity and expression of SUS protein of grains during grain filling in rice ( Oryza sativa ) . Field-grown rice plants and detached cultured panicles were used as experimental materials . Several treatments , including spikelet thinning , leaf cutting , and applications of different concentrations of exogenous sucrose and ABA , were imposed during grain filling . A higher SUS activity was found in superior grains than in inferior grains in the earlier stage of grain filling , which was significantly and closely related to a higher grain filling rate and starch accumulation . An increase in sucrose concentration in grains as a result of different treatments increased both SUS activity and SUS protein expression in grains . An increase in ABA concentration gave similar results . Furthermore , effects of interactions between sucrose and ABA on the activity and expression of SUS protein in grains were also found . It was suggested that sucrose and ABA-mediated rice grain filling is largely due to an increase in SUS activity and SUS protein expression .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The Ethylene Receptor ETR2 Delays Floral Transition and Affects Starch Accumulation in Rice .
| | Author: Wuriyanghan H Zhang B Cao WH Ma B Lei G Liu YF Wei W Wu HJ Chen LJ Chen HW Cao YR He SJ Zhang WK Wang XJ Chen SY Zhang JS | | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19417056 Accession (PMID): 19417056 | | Abstract: Ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development in dicotyledonous plants ; however , its roles in monocotyledonous plants are poorly known .
Here , we characterized a subfamily II ethylene receptor , ETHYLENE RESPONSE2 ( ETR2 ) , in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
The ETR2 receptor with a diverged His kinase domain is a Ser/Thr kinase , but not a His kinase , and can phosphorylate its receiver domain .
Mutation of the N box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of ETR2 .
Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed floral transition .
Conversely , RNA interference ( RNAi ) plants exhibited early flowering and the ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity and early flowering .
The effective panicles and seed-setting rate were reduced in the ETR2-overexpressing plants , while thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in both the ETR2-RNAi plants and the etr2 mutant compared with controls .
Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of the ETR2-overexpressing plants , but not in the etr2 mutant .
The GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog ( RCN1 ) that cause delayed flowering were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants but downregulated in the etr2 mutant .
Conversely , the alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants but enhanced in the etr2 mutant .
Thus , ETR2 may delay flowering and cause starch accumulation in stems by regulating downstream genes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development in dicotyledonous plants ; however , its roles in monocotyledonous plants are poorly known . Here , we characterized a subfamily II ethylene receptor , ETHYLENE RESPONSE2 ( ETR2 ) , in rice ( Oryza sativa ) . The ETR2 receptor with a diverged His kinase domain is a Ser/Thr kinase , but not a His kinase , and can phosphorylate its receiver domain . Mutation of the N box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of ETR2 . Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed floral transition . Conversely , RNA interference ( RNAi ) plants exhibited early flowering and the ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity and early flowering . The effective panicles and seed-setting rate were reduced in the ETR2-overexpressing plants , while thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in both the ETR2-RNAi plants and the etr2 mutant compared with controls . Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of the ETR2-overexpressing plants , but not in the etr2 mutant . The GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog ( RCN1 ) that cause delayed flowering were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants but downregulated in the etr2 mutant . Conversely , the alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants but enhanced in the etr2 mutant . Thus , ETR2 may delay flowering and cause starch accumulation in stems by regulating downstream genes .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Use of disposed waste ash from landfills to replace Portland cement .
| | Author: Rukzon S Chindaprasirt P | | Journal: Waste Manag Res Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19423600 Accession (PMID): 19423600 | | Abstract: In this study , waste ash was utilized as a pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement in order to reduce negative environmental effects and landfill volume required to dispose of waste ash .
The influence of waste ash , namely palm oil fuel ash , rice husk ash and fly ash on compressive strength and sulfate resistance in mortar were studied and evaluated by some accelerated short-term techniques in sodium sulfate solutions .
Ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ) was partially replaced with ground palm oil fuel ash ( POA ) , ground rice husk ash ( RHA ) and classified fly ash ( FA ) .
Single pozzolan and a blend of equal weight portions of POA , RHA and FA were also used .
The resistance to sulfate attack of mortar improves substantially with partial replacement of OPC with POA , RHA and FA .
The use of a blend of equal weight portions of FA and POA or RHA produced mixes with good strength and resistance to sulfate attack .
POA , RHA and FA have a high potential to be used as a pozzolanic material | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , waste ash was utilized as a pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement in order to reduce negative environmental effects and landfill volume required to dispose of waste ash . The influence of waste ash , namely palm oil fuel ash , rice husk ash and fly ash on compressive strength and sulfate resistance in mortar were studied and evaluated by some accelerated short-term techniques in sodium sulfate solutions . Ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ) was partially replaced with ground palm oil fuel ash ( POA ) , ground rice husk ash ( RHA ) and classified fly ash ( FA ) . Single pozzolan and a blend of equal weight portions of POA , RHA and FA were also used . The resistance to sulfate attack of mortar improves substantially with partial replacement of OPC with POA , RHA and FA . The use of a blend of equal weight portions of FA and POA or RHA produced mixes with good strength and resistance to sulfate attack . POA , RHA and FA have a high potential to be used as a pozzolanic material
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteome Analysis of Probenazole-Effect in Rice-Bacterial Blight Interactions .
| | Author: Mahmood T Kakishima M Komatsu S | | Journal: Protein Pept Lett Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19508222 Accession (PMID): 19508222 | | Abstract: To study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction , a proteomic approach was applied .
Oryza sativa cv .
Java 14 seedlings were treated with probenazole , followed by inoculation with compatible ( Xo7435 ) and incompatible ( T7174 ) races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Cytosolic proteins were fractionated from leaf blades , separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Pathogenesis-related protein 5 ( PR5 ) was significantly induced with probenazole treatment followed by inoculation with T7174 or Xo7435 .
The sense PR5 transgenic rice plants were more highly resistant than the susceptible vector control against Xo7435 .
These results indicate that probenazole strongly induces PR5 in the interaction between rice and X oryzae pv . oryzae , and might be involved in the resistance mechanism of rice against bacterial blight .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction , a proteomic approach was applied . Oryza sativa cv . Java 14 seedlings were treated with probenazole , followed by inoculation with compatible ( Xo7435 ) and incompatible ( T7174 ) races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae . Cytosolic proteins were fractionated from leaf blades , separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . Pathogenesis-related protein 5 ( PR5 ) was significantly induced with probenazole treatment followed by inoculation with T7174 or Xo7435 . The sense PR5 transgenic rice plants were more highly resistant than the susceptible vector control against Xo7435 . These results indicate that probenazole strongly induces PR5 in the interaction between rice and X oryzae pv . oryzae , and might be involved in the resistance mechanism of rice against bacterial blight .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A rice bran oil diet improves lipid abnormalities and suppress hyperinsulinemic responses in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes .
| | Author: Chou TW Ma CY Cheng HH Chen YY Lai MH | | Journal: J Clin Biochem Nutr Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19590704 Accession (PMID): 19590704 | | Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of rice bran oil ( RBO ) on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) .
Rats were divided into two groups : the control group ( 15% soybean oil , contains 0 g gamma-oryzanol and 0 g gamma-tocotrienol/150 g oil for 5 weeks ) and the RBO group ( 15% RBO , contains 5 . 25 g gamma-oryzanol and 0 . 9 g gamma-tocotrienol/150 g oil for 5 weeks ) .
Compared with the control group , the RBO group had a lower plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration , ratio of total to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol , hepatic cholesterol concentration , and area under the curve for insulin .
The RBO group had a higher high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and greater excretion of fecal neutral sterols and bile acid than did the control group .
RBO may improve lipid abnormalities , reduce the atherogenic index , and suppress the hyperinsulinemic response in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM .
In addition , RBO can lead to increased fecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of rice bran oil ( RBO ) on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . Rats were divided into two groups : the control group ( 15% soybean oil , contains 0 g gamma-oryzanol and 0 g gamma-tocotrienol/150 g oil for 5 weeks ) and the RBO group ( 15% RBO , contains 5 . 25 g gamma-oryzanol and 0 . 9 g gamma-tocotrienol/150 g oil for 5 weeks ) . Compared with the control group , the RBO group had a lower plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration , ratio of total to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol , hepatic cholesterol concentration , and area under the curve for insulin . The RBO group had a higher high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and greater excretion of fecal neutral sterols and bile acid than did the control group . RBO may improve lipid abnormalities , reduce the atherogenic index , and suppress the hyperinsulinemic response in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM . In addition , RBO can lead to increased fecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Exogenous nitric oxide enhances cadmium tolerance of rice by increasing pectin and hemicellulose contents in root cell wall .
| | Author: Xiong J An L Lu H Zhu C | | Journal: Planta Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19626338 Accession (PMID): 19626338 | | Abstract: To study the mechanisms of exogenous NO contribution to alleviate the cadmium ( Cd ) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , rice plantlets subjected to 0 . 2-mM CdCl ( 2 ) exposure were treated with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside ( SNP , a NO donor ) , and Cd toxicity was evaluated by the decreases in plant length , biomass production and chlorophyll content .
The results indicated that 0 . 1 mM SNP alleviated Cd toxicity most obviously .
Atomic absorption spectrometry and fluorescence localization showed that treatment with 0 . 1 mM SNP decreased Cd accumulation in both cell walls and soluble fraction of leaves , although treatment with 0 . 1 mM SNP increased Cd accumulation in the cell wall of rice roots obviously .
Treatment with 0 . 1 mM SNP in nutrient solution had little effect on the transpiration rate of rice leaves , but this treatment increased pectin and hemicellulose content and decreased cellulose content significantly in the cell walls of rice roots .
Based on these results , we conclude that decreased distribution of Cd in the soluble fraction of leaves and roots and increased distribution of Cd in the cell walls of roots are responsible for the NO-induced increase of Cd tolerance in rice .
It seems that exogenous NO enhances Cd tolerance of rice by increasing pectin and hemicellulose content in the cell wall of roots , increasing Cd accumulation in root cell wall and decreasing Cd accumulation in soluble fraction of leaves .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To study the mechanisms of exogenous NO contribution to alleviate the cadmium ( Cd ) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , rice plantlets subjected to 0 . 2-mM CdCl ( 2 ) exposure were treated with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside ( SNP , a NO donor ) , and Cd toxicity was evaluated by the decreases in plant length , biomass production and chlorophyll content . The results indicated that 0 . 1 mM SNP alleviated Cd toxicity most obviously . Atomic absorption spectrometry and fluorescence localization showed that treatment with 0 . 1 mM SNP decreased Cd accumulation in both cell walls and soluble fraction of leaves , although treatment with 0 . 1 mM SNP increased Cd accumulation in the cell wall of rice roots obviously . Treatment with 0 . 1 mM SNP in nutrient solution had little effect on the transpiration rate of rice leaves , but this treatment increased pectin and hemicellulose content and decreased cellulose content significantly in the cell walls of rice roots . Based on these results , we conclude that decreased distribution of Cd in the soluble fraction of leaves and roots and increased distribution of Cd in the cell walls of roots are responsible for the NO-induced increase of Cd tolerance in rice . It seems that exogenous NO enhances Cd tolerance of rice by increasing pectin and hemicellulose content in the cell wall of roots , increasing Cd accumulation in root cell wall and decreasing Cd accumulation in soluble fraction of leaves .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A cold-induced thioredoxin h of rice , OsTrx23 , negatively regulates kinase activities of OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 in vitro .
| | Author: Xie G Kato H Sasaki K Imai R | | Journal: FEBS Lett Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19665023 Accession (PMID): 19665023 | | Abstract: Cytosolic thioredoxins are small conserved proteins that are involved in cellular redox regulation .
Here , we report that a major and cold-induced thioredoxin h of rice , OsTrx23 , has an inhibitory activity on stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) , OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 in vitro .
This inhibition effects were redox-dependent and did not involve stable physical interaction .
The data suggested a novel mechanism for redox regulation of MAPKs in plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cytosolic thioredoxins are small conserved proteins that are involved in cellular redox regulation . Here , we report that a major and cold-induced thioredoxin h of rice , OsTrx23 , has an inhibitory activity on stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) , OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 in vitro . This inhibition effects were redox-dependent and did not involve stable physical interaction . The data suggested a novel mechanism for redox regulation of MAPKs in plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Plant availability and phytotoxicity of soil bound residues of herbicide ZJ0273 , a novel acetolactate synthase potential inhibitor .
| | Author: Han A Yue L Li Z Wang H Wang Y Ye Q Lu L Gan J | | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19732936 Accession (PMID): 19732936 | | Abstract: The plant availability and phytotoxicity of soil bound residues ( BR ) of herbicide ZJ0273 , a novel acetolactate synthase ( ALS ) potential inhibitor , to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and corn ( Zea mays L ) was investigated in three different soils including a Fluvio-marine yellow loamy soil ( S ( 1 ) ) , a Red clayey soil ( S ( 2 ) ) , and a Coastal saline soil ( S ( 3 ) ) , using ( 14 ) C-labeling tracer and bioassay techniques .
When soils were amended with BR at 0 . 6 , 1 . 2 and 1 . 8 nmol g ( -1 ) , dose-dependent and significant inhibition was observed for rice seedlings within 14d after treatment , but no significant inhibition occurred to corn seedlings in the same treatment .
Radioactive analysis of soil extracts following sequential extractions showed that the ( 14 ) C labeled residues of ZJ0273 were released from the amended soil BR upon planting .
For example , when amended with 1 . 8 nmol g ( -1 ) , about 68 . 3% , 57 . 0% , and 61 . 1% , respectively , of the added BR were released in S ( 1 ) , S ( 2 ) , and S ( 3 ) planted with rice seedlings , whereas 38 . 9% , 32 . 7% and 32 . 6% became available for uptake in the corresponding soils planted with corn seedlings .
The released compounds were identified as ZJ0273 and its degradation products M1 and M2 , with M2 as the primary component .
Bioassay on rice showed that concentration for 50% inhibition ( IC ( 50 ) ) of ZJ0273 , M1 , and M2 were 33 . 16 , 1 . 93 and 0 . 49 microM , respectively .
Therefore , BR formed after application of ZJ0273 may become available for plant uptake during rice cultivation and lead to phytotoxic effects , and the phytotoxicity is mainly caused by the release of the biologically active metabolite M2 .
This knowledge is valuable for designing crop rotation practices so that crop injury and yield losses due to carry-over herbicide phytotoxicity may be avoided .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The plant availability and phytotoxicity of soil bound residues ( BR ) of herbicide ZJ0273 , a novel acetolactate synthase ( ALS ) potential inhibitor , to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and corn ( Zea mays L ) was investigated in three different soils including a Fluvio-marine yellow loamy soil ( S ( 1 ) ) , a Red clayey soil ( S ( 2 ) ) , and a Coastal saline soil ( S ( 3 ) ) , using ( 14 ) C-labeling tracer and bioassay techniques . When soils were amended with BR at 0 . 6 , 1 . 2 and 1 . 8 nmol g ( -1 ) , dose-dependent and significant inhibition was observed for rice seedlings within 14d after treatment , but no significant inhibition occurred to corn seedlings in the same treatment . Radioactive analysis of soil extracts following sequential extractions showed that the ( 14 ) C labeled residues of ZJ0273 were released from the amended soil BR upon planting . For example , when amended with 1 . 8 nmol g ( -1 ) , about 68 . 3% , 57 . 0% , and 61 . 1% , respectively , of the added BR were released in S ( 1 ) , S ( 2 ) , and S ( 3 ) planted with rice seedlings , whereas 38 . 9% , 32 . 7% and 32 . 6% became available for uptake in the corresponding soils planted with corn seedlings . The released compounds were identified as ZJ0273 and its degradation products M1 and M2 , with M2 as the primary component . Bioassay on rice showed that concentration for 50% inhibition ( IC ( 50 ) ) of ZJ0273 , M1 , and M2 were 33 . 16 , 1 . 93 and 0 . 49 microM , respectively . Therefore , BR formed after application of ZJ0273 may become available for plant uptake during rice cultivation and lead to phytotoxic effects , and the phytotoxicity is mainly caused by the release of the biologically active metabolite M2 . This knowledge is valuable for designing crop rotation practices so that crop injury and yield losses due to carry-over herbicide phytotoxicity may be avoided .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Keratinase production by endophytic Penicillium spp .
Morsy1 under solid-state fermentation using rice straw .
| | Author: El-Gendy MM | | Journal: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19826961 Accession (PMID): 19826961 | | Abstract: Among all endophytic keratinolytic fungal isolates recovered from marine soft coral Dendronephthya hemprichii , Penicillium spp .
Morsy1 was selected as the hyperactive keratinolytic strain under solid substrate fermentation of different agriculture and poultry wastes .
The optimization of extraction process , physicochemical parameters affecting the keratinase production in solid-state fermentation , and the purified keratinase parameters were studied .
Maximum keratinase activity ( 1 , 600 U g ( -1 ) , initial dry substrate ) was recovered from moldy bran with 0 . 1% Tween 80 .
The optimized production conditions were rice straw as carbon source , pH of medium 6 , growth temperature 26 degrees C , initial moisture content of 80% ( v/w ) , inoculum size of 10 ( 5 ) spores ml ( -1 ) , and an average particle size of the substrate 0 . 6 mm ( 3 , 560 U g ( -1 ) , initial dry substrate after 5 days of fermentation ) .
Two types of keratinase ( Ahm1 and Ahm2 ) were purified from the culture supernatant through ammonium sulfate precipitation , DEAE-Sepharose , and gel filtration chromatography .
Enzyme molecular weights were 19 kDa ( Ahm1 ) and 40 kDa ( Ahm2 ) .
The kinetic parameters of purified keratinases were optimized for the hydrolysis of azokeratin by Ahm1 ( pH 7 . 0-8 . 0 , stable in pH range of 6 . 0 to 8 . 0 at 50 degrees C ) and Ahm2 enzymes ( pH 10 . 0-11 . 0 , stable in pH range of 6 . 0 to 11 . 0 at 60-65 degrees C ) .
Whereas inhibitors of serine ( phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ) and cysteine ( iodoacetamide ) proteases had minor effects on both Ahm1 and Ahm2 activity , both keratinases were strongly inhibited by chelating agents EDTA and EGTA .
These findings suggest that serine and cysteine residues are not involved in the catalytic mechanisms , and they are metalloproteases .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Among all endophytic keratinolytic fungal isolates recovered from marine soft coral Dendronephthya hemprichii , Penicillium spp . Morsy1 was selected as the hyperactive keratinolytic strain under solid substrate fermentation of different agriculture and poultry wastes . The optimization of extraction process , physicochemical parameters affecting the keratinase production in solid-state fermentation , and the purified keratinase parameters were studied . Maximum keratinase activity ( 1 , 600 U g ( -1 ) , initial dry substrate ) was recovered from moldy bran with 0 . 1% Tween 80 . The optimized production conditions were rice straw as carbon source , pH of medium 6 , growth temperature 26 degrees C , initial moisture content of 80% ( v/w ) , inoculum size of 10 ( 5 ) spores ml ( -1 ) , and an average particle size of the substrate 0 . 6 mm ( 3 , 560 U g ( -1 ) , initial dry substrate after 5 days of fermentation ) . Two types of keratinase ( Ahm1 and Ahm2 ) were purified from the culture supernatant through ammonium sulfate precipitation , DEAE-Sepharose , and gel filtration chromatography . Enzyme molecular weights were 19 kDa ( Ahm1 ) and 40 kDa ( Ahm2 ) . The kinetic parameters of purified keratinases were optimized for the hydrolysis of azokeratin by Ahm1 ( pH 7 . 0-8 . 0 , stable in pH range of 6 . 0 to 8 . 0 at 50 degrees C ) and Ahm2 enzymes ( pH 10 . 0-11 . 0 , stable in pH range of 6 . 0 to 11 . 0 at 60-65 degrees C ) . Whereas inhibitors of serine ( phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ) and cysteine ( iodoacetamide ) proteases had minor effects on both Ahm1 and Ahm2 activity , both keratinases were strongly inhibited by chelating agents EDTA and EGTA . These findings suggest that serine and cysteine residues are not involved in the catalytic mechanisms , and they are metalloproteases .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Tea drinking , diet and ischemic stroke prevention in China : a future perspective .
| | Author: Liang W Lee AH Binns CW | | Journal: Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19900027 Accession (PMID): 19900027 | | Abstract: Stroke is a life-changing event .
It has been estimated that 15-30% of stroke patients become permanently disabled .
Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 60% of all stroke cases in China and will significantly increase the health burden because of the aging population .
Effective primary prevention strategies are clearly required .
In this article , dietary modifications that could play an important role in ischemic stroke prevention for the Chinese population are reviewed .
These factors include the promotion of tea drinking , increasing consumption of soy foods , dairy products and fruits , as well as smoking cessation and reductions in salt intake and rice-based foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Stroke is a life-changing event . It has been estimated that 15-30% of stroke patients become permanently disabled . Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 60% of all stroke cases in China and will significantly increase the health burden because of the aging population . Effective primary prevention strategies are clearly required . In this article , dietary modifications that could play an important role in ischemic stroke prevention for the Chinese population are reviewed . These factors include the promotion of tea drinking , increasing consumption of soy foods , dairy products and fruits , as well as smoking cessation and reductions in salt intake and rice-based foods .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Bioethanol production from rice straw : An overview .
| | Author: Binod P Sindhu R Singhania RR Vikram S Devi L Nagalakshmi S Kurien N Sukumaran RK Pandey A | | Journal: Bioresour Technol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19944601 Accession (PMID): 19944601 | | Abstract: Rice straw is an attractive lignocellulosic material for bioethanol production since it is one of the most abundant renewable resources .
It has several characteristics , such as high cellulose and hemicelluloses content that can be readily hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars .
But there occur several challenges and limitations in the process of converting rice straw to ethanol .
The presence of high ash and silica content in rice straw makes it an inferior feedstock for ethanol production .
One of the major challenges in developing technology for bioethanol production from rice straw is selection of an appropriate pretreatment technique .
The choice of pretreatment methods plays an important role to increase the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification thereby making the whole process economically viable .
The present review discusses the available technologies for bioethanol production using rice straw .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice straw is an attractive lignocellulosic material for bioethanol production since it is one of the most abundant renewable resources . It has several characteristics , such as high cellulose and hemicelluloses content that can be readily hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars . But there occur several challenges and limitations in the process of converting rice straw to ethanol . The presence of high ash and silica content in rice straw makes it an inferior feedstock for ethanol production . One of the major challenges in developing technology for bioethanol production from rice straw is selection of an appropriate pretreatment technique . The choice of pretreatment methods plays an important role to increase the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification thereby making the whole process economically viable . The present review discusses the available technologies for bioethanol production using rice straw .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification and characterization of Bph14 , a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice .
| | Author: Du B Zhang W Liu B Hu J Wei Z Shi Z He R Zhu L Chen R Han B He G | | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20018701 Accession (PMID): 20018701 | | Abstract: Planthoppers are highly destructive pests in crop production worldwide .
Brown planthopper ( BPH ) causes the most serious damage of the rice crop globally among all rice pests .
Growing resistant varieties is the most effective and environment-friendly strategy for protecting the crop from BPH .
More than 19 BPH-resistance genes have been reported and used to various extents in rice breeding and production .
In this study , we cloned Bph14 , a gene conferring resistance to BPH at seedling and maturity stages of the rice plant , using a map-base cloning approach .
We show that Bph14 encodes a coiled-coil , nucleotide-binding , and leucine-rich repeat ( CC-NB-LRR ) protein .
Sequence comparison indicates that Bph14 carries a unique LRR domain that might function in recognition of the BPH insect invasion and activating the defense response .
Bph14 is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles , the site of BPH feeding .
Expression of Bph14 activates the salicylic acid signaling pathway and induces callose deposition in phloem cells and trypsin inhibitor production after planthopper infestation , thus reducing the feeding , growth rate , and longevity of the BPH insects .
Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rice defense against insects and facilitates the development of resistant varieties to control this devastating insect .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Planthoppers are highly destructive pests in crop production worldwide . Brown planthopper ( BPH ) causes the most serious damage of the rice crop globally among all rice pests . Growing resistant varieties is the most effective and environment-friendly strategy for protecting the crop from BPH . More than 19 BPH-resistance genes have been reported and used to various extents in rice breeding and production . In this study , we cloned Bph14 , a gene conferring resistance to BPH at seedling and maturity stages of the rice plant , using a map-base cloning approach . We show that Bph14 encodes a coiled-coil , nucleotide-binding , and leucine-rich repeat ( CC-NB-LRR ) protein . Sequence comparison indicates that Bph14 carries a unique LRR domain that might function in recognition of the BPH insect invasion and activating the defense response . Bph14 is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles , the site of BPH feeding . Expression of Bph14 activates the salicylic acid signaling pathway and induces callose deposition in phloem cells and trypsin inhibitor production after planthopper infestation , thus reducing the feeding , growth rate , and longevity of the BPH insects . Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rice defense against insects and facilitates the development of resistant varieties to control this devastating insect .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteomic analysis of rice seedlings infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 .
| | Author: Chi F Yang P Han F Jing Y Shen S | | Journal: Proteomics Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20213677 Accession (PMID): 20213677 | | Abstract: Rhizobial endophytes infect and colonize not only leguminous plants , but several non-leguminous species as well .
Using green fluorescent protein tagging technique , it has been shown that Rhizobia infect different varieties of rice species and migrate from plant roots to aerial it issues such as leaf sheaths and leaves .
The interaction between them was found to promote the growth of rice .
The growth promotion is the cumulative result of enhanced photosynthesis and stress resistance .
In addition , indole-3-acetic acid also contributes to the promotion .
Gel-based comparative proteomic approaches were applied to analyze the protein profiles of three different it issues ( root , leaf sheath and leaf ) of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculated rice in order to get an understanding about the molecular mechanism .
Upon the inoculation of rhizobia , proteins involved in nine different functional categories were either up-regulated or down-regulated .
Photosynthesis related proteins were up-regulated only in leaf sheath and leaf , while the up-regulated proteins in root were exclusively defense related .
The results implied that there might have been an increase in the import and transport of proteins involved in light and dark reactions to the chloroplast as well as more efficient distribution of nutrients , hence enhanced photosynthesis .
Although the initiation of defensive reactions mainly occurred in roots , some different defense mechanisms were also evoked in the aerial it issues .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rhizobial endophytes infect and colonize not only leguminous plants , but several non-leguminous species as well . Using green fluorescent protein tagging technique , it has been shown that Rhizobia infect different varieties of rice species and migrate from plant roots to aerial it issues such as leaf sheaths and leaves . The interaction between them was found to promote the growth of rice . The growth promotion is the cumulative result of enhanced photosynthesis and stress resistance . In addition , indole-3-acetic acid also contributes to the promotion . Gel-based comparative proteomic approaches were applied to analyze the protein profiles of three different it issues ( root , leaf sheath and leaf ) of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculated rice in order to get an understanding about the molecular mechanism . Upon the inoculation of rhizobia , proteins involved in nine different functional categories were either up-regulated or down-regulated . Photosynthesis related proteins were up-regulated only in leaf sheath and leaf , while the up-regulated proteins in root were exclusively defense related . The results implied that there might have been an increase in the import and transport of proteins involved in light and dark reactions to the chloroplast as well as more efficient distribution of nutrients , hence enhanced photosynthesis . Although the initiation of defensive reactions mainly occurred in roots , some different defense mechanisms were also evoked in the aerial it issues .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Alkylresorcinol synthases expressed in Sorghum bicolor root hairs play an essential role in the biosynthesis of the allelopathic benzoquinone sorgoleone .
| | Author: Cook D Rimando AM Clemente TE Schroder J Dayan FE Nanayakkara NP Pan Z Noonan BP Fishbein M Abe I Duke SO Baerson SR | | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20348430 Accession (PMID): 20348430 | | Abstract: Sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species , producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone , which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of Sorghum spp .
Current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate ( 5- [ ( Z , Z ) -8 , 11 , 14-pentadecatrienyl ] resorcinol ) derived from an unusual 16 : 3Delta ( 9 , 12 , 15 ) fatty acyl-CoA starter unit .
This led to the suggestion of the involvement of one or more alkylresorcinol synthases ( ARSs ) , type III polyketide synthases ( PKSs ) that produce 5-alkylresorcinols using medium to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA starter units via iterative condensations with malonyl-CoA .
In an effort to characterize the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the pentadecyl resorcinol intermediate , a previously described expressed sequence tag database prepared from isolated S bicolor ( genotype BTx623 ) root hairs was first mined for all PKS-like sequences .
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that three of these sequences were preferentially expressed in root hairs , two of which ( designated ARS1 and ARS2 ) were found to encode ARS enzymes capable of accepting a variety of fatty acyl-CoA starter units in recombinant enzyme studies .
Furthermore , RNA interference experiments directed against ARS1 and ARS2 resulted in the generation of multiple independent transformant events exhibiting dramatically reduced sorgoleone levels .
Thus , both ARS1 and ARS2 are likely to participate in the biosynthesis of sorgoleone in planta .
The sequences of ARS1 and ARS2 were also used to identify several rice ( Oryza sativa ) genes encoding ARSs , which are likely involved in the production of defense-related alkylresorcinols .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species , producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone , which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of Sorghum spp . Current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate ( 5- [ ( Z , Z ) -8 , 11 , 14-pentadecatrienyl ] resorcinol ) derived from an unusual 16 : 3Delta ( 9 , 12 , 15 ) fatty acyl-CoA starter unit . This led to the suggestion of the involvement of one or more alkylresorcinol synthases ( ARSs ) , type III polyketide synthases ( PKSs ) that produce 5-alkylresorcinols using medium to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA starter units via iterative condensations with malonyl-CoA . In an effort to characterize the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the pentadecyl resorcinol intermediate , a previously described expressed sequence tag database prepared from isolated S bicolor ( genotype BTx623 ) root hairs was first mined for all PKS-like sequences . Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that three of these sequences were preferentially expressed in root hairs , two of which ( designated ARS1 and ARS2 ) were found to encode ARS enzymes capable of accepting a variety of fatty acyl-CoA starter units in recombinant enzyme studies . Furthermore , RNA interference experiments directed against ARS1 and ARS2 resulted in the generation of multiple independent transformant events exhibiting dramatically reduced sorgoleone levels . Thus , both ARS1 and ARS2 are likely to participate in the biosynthesis of sorgoleone in planta . The sequences of ARS1 and ARS2 were also used to identify several rice ( Oryza sativa ) genes encoding ARSs , which are likely involved in the production of defense-related alkylresorcinols .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Genetic diversity and population structure of a diverse set of rice germplasm for association mapping .
| | Author: Jin L Lu Y Xiao P Sun M Corke H Bao J | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20364375 Accession (PMID): 20364375 | | Abstract: Germplasm diversity is the mainstay for crop improvement and genetic dissection of complex traits .
Understanding genetic diversity , population structure , and the level and distribution of linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) in target populations is of great importance and a prerequisite for association mapping .
In this study , 100 genome-wide simple sequence repeat ( SSR ) markers were used to assess genetic diversity , population structure , and LD of 416 rice accessions including landraces , cultivars and breeding lines collected mostly in China .
A model-based population structure analysis divided the rice materials into seven subpopulations .
63% of the SSR pairs in these accessions were in LD , which was mostly due to an overall population structure , since the number of locus pairs in LD was reduced sharply within each subpopulation , with the SSR pairs in LD ranging from 5 . 9 to 22 . 9% .
Among those SSR pairs showing significant LD , the intrachromosomal LD had an average of 25-50 cM in different subpopulations .
Analysis of the phenotypic diversity of 25 traits showed that the population structure accounted for an average of 22 . 4% of phenotypic variation .
An example association mapping for starch quality traits using both the candidate gene mapping and genome-wide mapping strategies based on the estimated population structure was conducted .
Candidate gene mapping confirmed that the Wx and starch synthase IIa ( SSIIa ) genes could be identified as strongly associated with apparent amylose content ( AAC ) and pasting temperature ( PT ) , respectively .
More importantly , we revealed that the Wx gene was also strongly associated with PT .
In addition to the major genes , we found five and seven SSRs were associated with AAC and PT , respectively , some of which have not been detected in previous linkage mapping studies .
The results suggested that the population may be useful for the genome-wide marker-trait association mapping .
This new association population has the potential to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) with small effects , which will aid in dissecting complex traits and in exploiting the rich diversity present in rice germplasm .
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[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: A model-based population structure analysis divided the rice materials into seven subpopulations . 63% of the SSR pairs in these accessions were in LD , which was mostly due to an overall population structure , since the number of locus pairs in LD was reduced sharply within each subpopulation , with the SSR pairs in LD ranging from 5 . 9 to 22 . 9% . Among those SSR pairs showing significant LD , the intrachromosomal LD had an average of 25-50 cM in different subpopulations . Analysis of the phenotypic diversity of 25 traits showed that the population structure accounted for an average of 22 . 4% of phenotypic variation . An example association mapping for starch quality traits using both the candidate gene mapping and genome-wide mapping strategies based on the estimated population structure was conducted . Candidate gene mapping confirmed that the Wx and starch synthase IIa ( SSIIa ) genes could be identified as strongly associated with apparent amylose content ( AAC ) and pasting temperature ( PT ) , respectively . More importantly , we revealed that the Wx gene was also strongly associated with PT . In addition to the major genes , we found five and seven SSRs were associated with AAC and PT , respectively , some of which have not been detected in previous linkage mapping studies . The results suggested that the population may be useful for the genome-wide marker-trait association mapping . This new association population has the potential to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) with small effects , which will aid in dissecting complex traits and in exploiting the rich diversity present in rice germplasm .
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| Title: Stable production of thermotolerant xylanase B of Clostridium stercorarium in transgenic tobacco and rice .
| | Author: Kimura T Mizutani T Sun JL Kawazu T Karita S Sakka M Kobayashi Y Ohmiya K Sakka K | | Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20460730 Accession (PMID): 20460730 | | Abstract: The xylanase B gene encoding a thermostable family 10 xylanase of Clostridium stercorarium was expressed in plants under the control of a constitutive promoter .
Two forms of the xylanase B gene , the xynB gene encoding the full length of the xylanase B gene including the bacterial signal sequence and the xynBM gene without the signal sequence region , were introduced into tobacco BY-2 cells and tobacco plants respectively under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter .
Transgenic BY-2 cells and tobacco plants showed xylanase activity and normal growth .
The recombinant enzyme produced in transgenic BY-2 cells harboring the xynB gene was secreted into the culture supernatant , and the recombinant enzyme produced in transgenic BY-2 cells harboring the xynBM gene was localized in the cells .
In contrast to tobacco plants , expression of the xynB gene under the control of the rice actin promoter in rice plants was toxic to host cells .
However , the recombinant XynBM accumulated in leaf cells , and no phenotypic effect of expression of the xynBM gene was observed .
Enzyme activity was maintained in cell-free extracts of transgenic rice leaves at 60 degrees C for 72 h , and the recombinant XynBM degraded hemicellulosic polymers in cell-free extracts of transgenic rice leaves .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The xylanase B gene encoding a thermostable family 10 xylanase of Clostridium stercorarium was expressed in plants under the control of a constitutive promoter . Two forms of the xylanase B gene , the xynB gene encoding the full length of the xylanase B gene including the bacterial signal sequence and the xynBM gene without the signal sequence region , were introduced into tobacco BY-2 cells and tobacco plants respectively under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter . Transgenic BY-2 cells and tobacco plants showed xylanase activity and normal growth . The recombinant enzyme produced in transgenic BY-2 cells harboring the xynB gene was secreted into the culture supernatant , and the recombinant enzyme produced in transgenic BY-2 cells harboring the xynBM gene was localized in the cells . In contrast to tobacco plants , expression of the xynB gene under the control of the rice actin promoter in rice plants was toxic to host cells . However , the recombinant XynBM accumulated in leaf cells , and no phenotypic effect of expression of the xynBM gene was observed . Enzyme activity was maintained in cell-free extracts of transgenic rice leaves at 60 degrees C for 72 h , and the recombinant XynBM degraded hemicellulosic polymers in cell-free extracts of transgenic rice leaves .
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| Title: Efficient degradation of rice straw in the reactors packed by carbon fiber textiles .
| | Author: Sasaki K Morita M Hirano S Sasaki D Ohmura N Igarashi Y | | Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20512325 Accession (PMID): 20512325 | | Abstract: We have reported for the first time that agricultural and cellulosic waste , ie , rice straw was directly applied to methanogenic bioreactors containing carbon fiber textiles ( CFT ) as supporting material Addition of CFT to the methanogenic bioreactors enhanced the conversion of dichromate chemical oxygen demand of the substrate to methane ( 41% ) to a greater extent than bioreactors without CFT ( 9% ) .
In addition , removal of rice straw as a suspended solid was increased from 31% ( in bioreactors without CFT ) to 57% ( in those with CFT ) .
Methanogenic 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the abundance of acetoclastic methanogen , genus Methanosarcina , was about 11 times higher in bioreactors with CFT ( suspended fraction plus retained fraction to CFT ) than in bioreactors without CFT ( suspended fraction ) , resulting in lower concentration of acetate in bioreactors with CFT ( 0 . 4 mM ) than in those without CFT ( 29 . 7 mM ) .
On the other hand , the abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogen , genus Methanobacterium , in bioreactors with CFT was similar to those without CFT .
Bacterial communities in bioreactors with CFT were different from those in bioreactors without CFT .
Our results indicated that specific microbial community and cooperative relationships between microorganisms in reactors containing CFT facilitated efficient decomposition of rice straw and its conversion to methane .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: We have reported for the first time that agricultural and cellulosic waste , ie , rice straw was directly applied to methanogenic bioreactors containing carbon fiber textiles ( CFT ) as supporting material Addition of CFT to the methanogenic bioreactors enhanced the conversion of dichromate chemical oxygen demand of the substrate to methane ( 41% ) to a greater extent than bioreactors without CFT ( 9% ) . In addition , removal of rice straw as a suspended solid was increased from 31% ( in bioreactors without CFT ) to 57% ( in those with CFT ) . Methanogenic 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the abundance of acetoclastic methanogen , genus Methanosarcina , was about 11 times higher in bioreactors with CFT ( suspended fraction plus retained fraction to CFT ) than in bioreactors without CFT ( suspended fraction ) , resulting in lower concentration of acetate in bioreactors with CFT ( 0 . 4 mM ) than in those without CFT ( 29 . 7 mM ) . On the other hand , the abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogen , genus Methanobacterium , in bioreactors with CFT was similar to those without CFT . Bacterial communities in bioreactors with CFT were different from those in bioreactors without CFT . Our results indicated that specific microbial community and cooperative relationships between microorganisms in reactors containing CFT facilitated efficient decomposition of rice straw and its conversion to methane .
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| Title: The effects of small sized rice bowl on carbohydrate intake and dietary patterns in women with type 2 diabetes .
| | Author: Ahn HJ Eom YK Han KA Kwon HR Kim HJ Park KS Min KW | | Journal: Korean Diabetes J Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20617077 Accession (PMID): 20617077 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The main source of carbohydrate in the Korean diet is rice , which is usually served in a rice bowl .
This study investigated the impact of a meal plan using smaller rice bowls on dietary energy intake and macronutrient composition in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .
METHODS : A total of 67 women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in our study .
We divided these participants into three groups : a normal-weight group ( NW ; body mass index [ BMI ] < 23 kg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 17 ) , an overweight group ( OW ; 23 /= 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 26 ) .
Three-day dietary records were analyzed for total energy intake ( TEI ) and macronutrient composition both before enrollment and two weeks after patients received instruction in a dietary plan based on using a small ( 200 mL ) rice bowl .
RESULTS : After the intervention , TEI decreased in the OW and OB groups .
Decreased carbohydrate ( NW , -4 +/- 5% ; OW , -4 +/- 5% ; OB , -3 +/- 6% ) and increased fat intakes were found in all three groups , which complies with Korean Diabetes Association recommendations .
The protein proportion of TEI significantly increased only in the OW group .
Body weight decreased both in the OW and OB groups .
CONCLUSION : A short-term , small-rice-bowl-based meal plan was effective for body weight control and macronutrient balance in overweight or obese women in Korea with type 2 diabetes .
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[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : The main source of carbohydrate in the Korean diet is rice , which is usually served in a rice bowl . This study investigated the impact of a meal plan using smaller rice bowls on dietary energy intake and macronutrient composition in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . METHODS : A total of 67 women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in our study . We divided these participants into three groups : a normal-weight group ( NW ; body mass index [ BMI ] < 23 kg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 17 ) , an overweight group ( OW ; 23 /= 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 26 ) . Three-day dietary records were analyzed for total energy intake ( TEI ) and macronutrient composition both before enrollment and two weeks after patients received instruction in a dietary plan based on using a small ( 200 mL ) rice bowl . RESULTS : After the intervention , TEI decreased in the OW and OB groups . Decreased carbohydrate ( NW , -4 +/- 5% ; OW , -4 +/- 5% ; OB , -3 +/- 6% ) and increased fat intakes were found in all three groups , which complies with Korean Diabetes Association recommendations . The protein proportion of TEI significantly increased only in the OW group . Body weight decreased both in the OW and OB groups . CONCLUSION : A short-term , small-rice-bowl-based meal plan was effective for body weight control and macronutrient balance in overweight or obese women in Korea with type 2 diabetes .
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| Title: Prejudice against international students : the role of threat perceptions and authoritarian dispositions in US students .
| | Author: Charles-Toussaint GC Crowson HM | | Journal: J Psychol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20806848 Accession (PMID): 20806848 | | Abstract: International students provide a variety of benefits to higher education institutions within the United States ( J J Lee , 2007 ; J J Lee & C Rice , 2007 ) .
Despite these benefits , many international students experience prejudice and discrimination by American students .
The purpose of the present study was to examine several potential predictors of prejudice against international students : perceptions of international students as symbolic and realistic threats , right-wing authoritarianism , and social dominance orientation .
A simultaneous regression analysis that the authors based on 188 students at a Southwestern university revealed that perceptions of symbolic and realistic threats and social dominance orientation were each positive and significant predictors of prejudice .
Mediation analyses suggested that the effects of right-wing authoritarianism on prejudice is fully mediated through perceived symbolic threat and partially mediated by realistic threat .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: International students provide a variety of benefits to higher education institutions within the United States ( J J Lee , 2007 ; J J Lee & C Rice , 2007 ) . Despite these benefits , many international students experience prejudice and discrimination by American students . The purpose of the present study was to examine several potential predictors of prejudice against international students : perceptions of international students as symbolic and realistic threats , right-wing authoritarianism , and social dominance orientation . A simultaneous regression analysis that the authors based on 188 students at a Southwestern university revealed that perceptions of symbolic and realistic threats and social dominance orientation were each positive and significant predictors of prejudice . Mediation analyses suggested that the effects of right-wing authoritarianism on prejudice is fully mediated through perceived symbolic threat and partially mediated by realistic threat .
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| Title: Exploring the genomes : from Arabidopsis to crops .
| | Author: Spannagl M Mayer K Durner J Haberer G Frohlich A | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20817312 Accession (PMID): 20817312 | | Abstract: Model systems have played a crucial role for understanding biological processes at genetic , molecular and systems levels .
Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the best studied model species for higher plants .
Large genomic resources and mutant collections made Arabidopsis an excellent source for functional and comparative genomics .
Rice and Brachypodium have a great potential to become model systems for grasses .
Given the agronomic importance of grass crops , it is an attractive strategy to apply knowledge from Arabidopsis to grasses .
Despite many efforts successful reports are sparse .
Knowledge transfer should generally work best between orthologous genes that share functionality and a common ancestor .
In higher plants , however , recent genome projects revealed an active and rapid evolution of genome structure , which challenges the concept of one-to-one orthologous mates between two species .
In this study , we estimated on the example of protein families that are involved in redox related processes , the impact of gene expansions on the success rate for a knowledge transfer from Arabidopsis to the grass species rice , sorghum and Brachypodium .
The sparse synteny between dicot and monocot plants due to frequent rearrangements , translocations and gene losses strongly impairs and reduces the number of orthologs detectable by positional conservation .
To address the limitations of sparse synteny and expanded gene families , we applied for the detection of orthologs in this study orthoMCL , a sequence-based approach that allows to group closely related paralogs into one orthologous gene cluster .
For a total of 49 out of 170 Arabidopsis genes we could identify conserved copy numbers between the dicot model and the grass annotations whereas approximately one third ( 34 . 7% , 59 genes ) of the selected Arabidopsis genes lack an assignment to any of the grass genome annotations .
The remaining 62 Arabidopsis genes represent groups that are considerably biased in their copy numbers between Arabidopsis and all or most of the three grass genomes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Model systems have played a crucial role for understanding biological processes at genetic , molecular and systems levels . Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the best studied model species for higher plants . Large genomic resources and mutant collections made Arabidopsis an excellent source for functional and comparative genomics . Rice and Brachypodium have a great potential to become model systems for grasses . Given the agronomic importance of grass crops , it is an attractive strategy to apply knowledge from Arabidopsis to grasses . Despite many efforts successful reports are sparse . Knowledge transfer should generally work best between orthologous genes that share functionality and a common ancestor . In higher plants , however , recent genome projects revealed an active and rapid evolution of genome structure , which challenges the concept of one-to-one orthologous mates between two species . In this study , we estimated on the example of protein families that are involved in redox related processes , the impact of gene expansions on the success rate for a knowledge transfer from Arabidopsis to the grass species rice , sorghum and Brachypodium . The sparse synteny between dicot and monocot plants due to frequent rearrangements , translocations and gene losses strongly impairs and reduces the number of orthologs detectable by positional conservation . To address the limitations of sparse synteny and expanded gene families , we applied for the detection of orthologs in this study orthoMCL , a sequence-based approach that allows to group closely related paralogs into one orthologous gene cluster . For a total of 49 out of 170 Arabidopsis genes we could identify conserved copy numbers between the dicot model and the grass annotations whereas approximately one third ( 34 . 7% , 59 genes ) of the selected Arabidopsis genes lack an assignment to any of the grass genome annotations . The remaining 62 Arabidopsis genes represent groups that are considerably biased in their copy numbers between Arabidopsis and all or most of the three grass genomes .
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| Title: Local DNA hypomethylation activates genes in rice endosperm .
| | Author: Zemach A Kim MY Silva P Rodrigues JA Dotson B Brooks MD Zilberman D | | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20937895 Accession (PMID): 20937895 | | Abstract: Cytosine methylation silences transposable elements in plants , vertebrates , and fungi but also regulates gene expression .
Plant methylation is catalyzed by three families of enzymes , each with a preferred sequence context : CG , CHG ( H = A , C , or T ) , and CHH , with CHH methylation targeted by the RNAi pathway .
Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm , a placenta-like it issue that nourishes the embryo , is globally hypomethylated in the CG context while retaining high non-CG methylation .
Global methylation dynamics in seeds of cereal crops that provide the bulk of human nutrition remain unknown .
Here , we show that rice endosperm DNA is hypomethylated in all sequence contexts .
Non-CG methylation is reduced evenly across the genome , whereas CG hypomethylation is localized .
CHH methylation of small transposable elements is increased in embryos , suggesting that endosperm demethylation enhances transposon silencing .
Genes preferentially expressed in endosperm , including those coding for major storage proteins and starch synthesizing enzymes , are frequently hypomethylated in endosperm , indicating that DNA methylation is a crucial regulator of rice endosperm biogenesis .
Our data show that genome-wide reshaping of seed DNA methylation is conserved among angiosperms and has a profound effect on gene expression in cereal crops .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cytosine methylation silences transposable elements in plants , vertebrates , and fungi but also regulates gene expression . Plant methylation is catalyzed by three families of enzymes , each with a preferred sequence context : CG , CHG ( H = A , C , or T ) , and CHH , with CHH methylation targeted by the RNAi pathway . Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm , a placenta-like it issue that nourishes the embryo , is globally hypomethylated in the CG context while retaining high non-CG methylation . Global methylation dynamics in seeds of cereal crops that provide the bulk of human nutrition remain unknown . Here , we show that rice endosperm DNA is hypomethylated in all sequence contexts . Non-CG methylation is reduced evenly across the genome , whereas CG hypomethylation is localized . CHH methylation of small transposable elements is increased in embryos , suggesting that endosperm demethylation enhances transposon silencing . Genes preferentially expressed in endosperm , including those coding for major storage proteins and starch synthesizing enzymes , are frequently hypomethylated in endosperm , indicating that DNA methylation is a crucial regulator of rice endosperm biogenesis . Our data show that genome-wide reshaping of seed DNA methylation is conserved among angiosperms and has a profound effect on gene expression in cereal crops .
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| Title: Alcohol drinking and risk of Parkinsons disease : a case-control study in Japan .
| | Author: Fukushima W Miyake Y Tanaka K Sasaki S Kiyohara C Tsuboi Y Yamada T Oeda T Miki T Kawamura N Sakae N Fukuyama H Hirota Y Nagai M | | Journal: BMC Neurol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21054827 Accession (PMID): 21054827 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Although some epidemiologic studies found inverse associations between alcohol drinking and Parkinsons disease ( PD ) , the majority of studies found no such significant associations .
Additionally , there is only limited research into the possible interactions of alcohol intake with aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH ) 2 activity with respect to PD risk .
We examined the relationship between alcohol intake and PD among Japanese subjects using data from a case-control study .
METHODS : From 214 cases within 6 years of PD onset and 327 controls without neurodegenerative disease , we collected information on "peak" , as opposed to average , alcohol drinking frequency and peak drinking amounts during a subjects lifetime .
Alcohol flushing status was evaluated via questions , as a means of detecting inactive ALHD2 .
The multivariate model included adjustments for sex , age , region of residence , smoking , years of education , body mass index , alcohol flushing status , presence of selected medication histories , and several dietary factors .
RESULTS : Alcohol intake during peak drinking periods , regardless of frequency or amount , was not associated with PD .
However , when we assessed daily ethanol intake separately for each type of alcohol , only Japanese sake ( rice wine ) was significantly associated with PD ( adjusted odds ratio of >/=66 . 0 g ethanol per day : 3 . 39 , 95% confidence interval : 1 . 10-11 . 0 , P for trend = 0 . 001 ) .
There was no significant interaction of alcohol intake with flushing status in relation to PD risk .
CONCLUSIONS : We did not find significant associations between alcohol intake and PD , except for the daily amount of Japanese sake .
Effect modifications by alcohol flushing status were not observed .
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[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Additionally , there is only limited research into the possible interactions of alcohol intake with aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH ) 2 activity with respect to PD risk . We examined the relationship between alcohol intake and PD among Japanese subjects using data from a case-control study . METHODS : From 214 cases within 6 years of PD onset and 327 controls without neurodegenerative disease , we collected information on "peak" , as opposed to average , alcohol drinking frequency and peak drinking amounts during a subjects lifetime . Alcohol flushing status was evaluated via questions , as a means of detecting inactive ALHD2 . The multivariate model included adjustments for sex , age , region of residence , smoking , years of education , body mass index , alcohol flushing status , presence of selected medication histories , and several dietary factors . RESULTS : Alcohol intake during peak drinking periods , regardless of frequency or amount , was not associated with PD . However , when we assessed daily ethanol intake separately for each type of alcohol , only Japanese sake ( rice wine ) was significantly associated with PD ( adjusted odds ratio of >/=66 . 0 g ethanol per day : 3 . 39 , 95% confidence interval : 1 . 10-11 . 0 , P for trend = 0 . 001 ) . There was no significant interaction of alcohol intake with flushing status in relation to PD risk . CONCLUSIONS : We did not find significant associations between alcohol intake and PD , except for the daily amount of Japanese sake . Effect modifications by alcohol flushing status were not observed .
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| Title: Transpositional landscape of the rice genome revealed by paired-end mapping of high-throughput re-sequencing data .
| | Author: Sabot F Picault N El-Baidouri M Llauro C Chaparro C Piegu B Roulin A Guiderdoni E Delabastide M McCombie R Panaud O | | Journal: Plant J Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21219509 Accession (PMID): 21219509 | | Abstract: Transposable elements ( TEs ) are mobile entities that densely populate most eukaryotic genomes and contribute to both their structural and functional dynamics .
However , most TE-related sequences in both plant and animal genomes correspond to inactive , degenerated elements , due to the combined effect of silencing pathways and elimination through deletions .
One of the major difficulties in fully characterizing the molecular basis of genetic diversity of a given species lies in establishing its genome-wide transpositional activity .
Here , we provide an extensive survey of the transpositional landscape of a plant genome using a deep sequencing strategy .
This was achieved through paired-end mapping of a fourfold coverage of the genome of rice mutant line derived from an in vitro callus culture using Illumina technology .
Our study shows that at least 13 TE families are active in this genotype , causing 34 new insertions .
This next-generation sequencing-based strategy provides new opportunities to quantify the impact of TEs on the genome dynamics of the species .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transposable elements ( TEs ) are mobile entities that densely populate most eukaryotic genomes and contribute to both their structural and functional dynamics . However , most TE-related sequences in both plant and animal genomes correspond to inactive , degenerated elements , due to the combined effect of silencing pathways and elimination through deletions . One of the major difficulties in fully characterizing the molecular basis of genetic diversity of a given species lies in establishing its genome-wide transpositional activity . Here , we provide an extensive survey of the transpositional landscape of a plant genome using a deep sequencing strategy . This was achieved through paired-end mapping of a fourfold coverage of the genome of rice mutant line derived from an in vitro callus culture using Illumina technology . Our study shows that at least 13 TE families are active in this genotype , causing 34 new insertions . This next-generation sequencing-based strategy provides new opportunities to quantify the impact of TEs on the genome dynamics of the species .
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| Title: The enhancement of the oral bioavailability of gamma-tocotrienol in mice by gamma-cyclodextrin inclusion .
| | Author: Miyoshi N Wakao Y Tomono S Tatemichi M Yano T Ohshima H | | Journal: J Nutr Biochem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21292469 Accession (PMID): 21292469 | | Abstract: Cyclodextrin ( CD ) is widely used in the pharmaceutical and nutritional fields to form an inclusion complex with lipophilic compounds for the improvement of their aqueous solubility , stability and diffusibility under physiological conditions .
In this study , we investigated the effect of the gamma-tocotrienol ( gammaT3 ) inclusion complex with CD on its oral bioavailability .
Five-week-old C57BL6 mice were fed a vitamin E-free diet for 28 days , followed by the oral administration of 2 . 79 mg of gammaT3-rich fraction ( TRF ) extracted from rice bran or the equivalent dose ( 14 . 5 mg ) of a CD inclusion complex with TRF ( TRF/CD ) .
The levels of gammaT3 in sequentially collected plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS .
The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the plasma concentrations of gammaT3 were increased and peaked at 6 or 3 h after the oral administration of TRF or TRF/CD , respectively ( C ( max ) values of 7 . 9+/-3 . 3 or 11 . 4+/-4 . 5 muM , respectively ) .
The area under the curve of plasma gammaT3 concentration also showed a 1 . 4-fold increase in the group administered with TRF/CD compared with the TRF-only group .
Furthermore , the mice that had received the TRF/CD tended to reduce the endotoxin shock induced by injection with lethal amounts of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide , compared with the mice that had received TRF alone .
Taken together , our results suggest that the CD inclusion improved gammaT3 bioavailability , resulting in the enhancement of gammaT3 physiological activity , which would be a useful approach for the nutrition delivery system .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cyclodextrin ( CD ) is widely used in the pharmaceutical and nutritional fields to form an inclusion complex with lipophilic compounds for the improvement of their aqueous solubility , stability and diffusibility under physiological conditions . In this study , we investigated the effect of the gamma-tocotrienol ( gammaT3 ) inclusion complex with CD on its oral bioavailability . Five-week-old C57BL6 mice were fed a vitamin E-free diet for 28 days , followed by the oral administration of 2 . 79 mg of gammaT3-rich fraction ( TRF ) extracted from rice bran or the equivalent dose ( 14 . 5 mg ) of a CD inclusion complex with TRF ( TRF/CD ) . The levels of gammaT3 in sequentially collected plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS . The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the plasma concentrations of gammaT3 were increased and peaked at 6 or 3 h after the oral administration of TRF or TRF/CD , respectively ( C ( max ) values of 7 . 9+/-3 . 3 or 11 . 4+/-4 . 5 muM , respectively ) . The area under the curve of plasma gammaT3 concentration also showed a 1 . 4-fold increase in the group administered with TRF/CD compared with the TRF-only group . Furthermore , the mice that had received the TRF/CD tended to reduce the endotoxin shock induced by injection with lethal amounts of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide , compared with the mice that had received TRF alone . Taken together , our results suggest that the CD inclusion improved gammaT3 bioavailability , resulting in the enhancement of gammaT3 physiological activity , which would be a useful approach for the nutrition delivery system .
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| Title: Rice ABI5-Like1 regulates abscisic acid and auxin responses by affecting the expression of ABRE-containing genes .
| | Author: Yang X Yang YN Xue LJ Zou MJ Liu JY Chen F Xue HW | | Journal: Plant Physiol Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21546455 Accession (PMID): 21546455 | | Abstract: Abscisic acid ( ABA ) regulates plant development and is crucial for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses .
Studies have identified the key components of ABA signaling in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) , some of which regulate ABA responses by the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes .
Here , we report the functional identification of rice ( Oryza sativa ) ABI5-Like1 ( ABL1 ) , which is a basic region/leucine zipper motif transcription factor .
ABL1 is expressed in various it issues and is induced by the hormones ABA and indole-3-acetic acid and stress conditions including salinity , drought , and osmotic pressure .
The ABL1 deficiency mutant , abl1 , shows suppressed ABA responses , and ABL1 expression in the Arabidopsis abi5 mutant rescued the ABA sensitivity .
The ABL1 protein is localized to the nucleus and can directly bind ABA-responsive elements ( ABREs ; G-box ) in vitro .
A gene expression analysis by DNA chip hybridization confirms that a large proportion of down-regulated genes of abl1 are involved in stress responses , consistent with the transcriptional activating effects of ABL1 .
Further studies indicate that ABL1 regulates the plant stress responses by regulating a series of ABRE-containing WRKY family genes .
In addition , the abl1 mutant is hypersensitive to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid , and some ABRE-containing genes related to auxin metabolism or signaling are altered under ABL1 deficiency , suggesting that ABL1 modulates ABA and auxin responses by directly regulating the ABRE-containing genes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Abscisic acid ( ABA ) regulates plant development and is crucial for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses . Studies have identified the key components of ABA signaling in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) , some of which regulate ABA responses by the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes . Here , we report the functional identification of rice ( Oryza sativa ) ABI5-Like1 ( ABL1 ) , which is a basic region/leucine zipper motif transcription factor . ABL1 is expressed in various it issues and is induced by the hormones ABA and indole-3-acetic acid and stress conditions including salinity , drought , and osmotic pressure . The ABL1 deficiency mutant , abl1 , shows suppressed ABA responses , and ABL1 expression in the Arabidopsis abi5 mutant rescued the ABA sensitivity . The ABL1 protein is localized to the nucleus and can directly bind ABA-responsive elements ( ABREs ; G-box ) in vitro . A gene expression analysis by DNA chip hybridization confirms that a large proportion of down-regulated genes of abl1 are involved in stress responses , consistent with the transcriptional activating effects of ABL1 . Further studies indicate that ABL1 regulates the plant stress responses by regulating a series of ABRE-containing WRKY family genes . In addition , the abl1 mutant is hypersensitive to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid , and some ABRE-containing genes related to auxin metabolism or signaling are altered under ABL1 deficiency , suggesting that ABL1 modulates ABA and auxin responses by directly regulating the ABRE-containing genes .
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| Title: Distribution of aflatoxins in shelling and milling fractions of naturally contaminated rice .
| | Author: Trucksess MW Abbas HK Weaver CM Shier WT | | Journal: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21598135 Accession (PMID): 21598135 | | Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of an economically important class of mycotoxins , the aflatoxins , in rice milling fractions .
Rice plants grown under field production conditions are frequently infected with types of pathogenic fungi that produce toxic metabolites ( mycotoxins ) .
Paddy ( seeds ) rice from healthy plants in the field was collected and stored on a farm under humid , poorly ventilated conditions .
Samples were milled into four fractions ( hulls , brown rice , bran and white rice ) and analysed for aflatoxins ( B ( 1 ) , B ( 2 ) , G ( 1 ) and G ( 2 ) ) using a validated method .
Rice fractions from healthy plants , which contained low levels of aflatoxins ( less than 1 microg kg ( -1 ) ) , were used to determine the efficiency of the extraction method .
Seeds stored under poor conditions were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins B ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) as were the fractions .
The sums of AFB ( 1 ) and AFB ( 2 ) in stored paddy rice , hulls , brown rice , bran and white rice were 141 , 39 , 158 , 367 and 56 microg kg ( -1 ) , respectively .
The ratio of aflatoxin B ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) was about 10 : 1 .
AFG ( 1 ) and AFG ( 2 ) were less than 1 microg kg ( -1 ) .
Thus , brown rice contained 92 . 9% of the aflatoxins in paddy rice , whereas white rice contained only 27 . 9% .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of an economically important class of mycotoxins , the aflatoxins , in rice milling fractions . Rice plants grown under field production conditions are frequently infected with types of pathogenic fungi that produce toxic metabolites ( mycotoxins ) . Paddy ( seeds ) rice from healthy plants in the field was collected and stored on a farm under humid , poorly ventilated conditions . Samples were milled into four fractions ( hulls , brown rice , bran and white rice ) and analysed for aflatoxins ( B ( 1 ) , B ( 2 ) , G ( 1 ) and G ( 2 ) ) using a validated method . Rice fractions from healthy plants , which contained low levels of aflatoxins ( less than 1 microg kg ( -1 ) ) , were used to determine the efficiency of the extraction method . Seeds stored under poor conditions were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins B ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) as were the fractions . The sums of AFB ( 1 ) and AFB ( 2 ) in stored paddy rice , hulls , brown rice , bran and white rice were 141 , 39 , 158 , 367 and 56 microg kg ( -1 ) , respectively . The ratio of aflatoxin B ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) was about 10 : 1 . AFG ( 1 ) and AFG ( 2 ) were less than 1 microg kg ( -1 ) . Thus , brown rice contained 92 . 9% of the aflatoxins in paddy rice , whereas white rice contained only 27 . 9% .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Investigation of a His-rich arabinogalactan-protein for micronutrient biofortification of cereal grain .
| | Author: Aizat WM Preuss JM Johnson AA Tester MA Schultz CJ | | Journal: Physiol Plant Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21707638 Accession (PMID): 21707638 | | Abstract: The micronutrient content of most cereal grains is low and responsible for malnutrition deficiencies in millions of people who rely on grains as their primary food source .
Any strategy that can increase the micronutrient content of grain will have significant benefits to world health .
We identified a gene from barley encoding a cell wall protein with multiple histidine ( His ) -rich motifs interspersed with short arabinogalactan-protein ( AGP ) domains and have called it Hordeum vulgare His-rich AGP ( HvHRA1 ) .
Sequence analysis shows that His-rich AGPs are rare in plants and that the number of His-rich and AGP domains differ between cereals and dicots .
The barley and wheat encoded proteins have more than 13 His-rich domains , whereas the putative rice orthologue has only 5 His-rich regions .
His-rich motifs are well-established metal-binding motifs ; therefore , we developed transgenic ( Tx ) rice plants that constitutively overexpress barley HvHRA1 .
There was no significant effect on plant growth or grain yield in Tx plants .
Purification of AGPs from wild-type and Tx plants showed that only Tx plants contained detectable levels of a His-rich AGP .
Calcein assay shows that the AGP fraction from Tx plants had increased binding affinity for Cu ( 2+ ) . Micronutrient analysis of brown and white rice showed that the grain nutrient yield for Fe , Zn and Cu was higher in two Tx lines compared to their respective nulls , although the differences were not statistically significant .
This approach highlights the potential of the plant apoplast ( cell wall ) for storage of key nutrients through overexpression of genes for metal-binding proteins .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The micronutrient content of most cereal grains is low and responsible for malnutrition deficiencies in millions of people who rely on grains as their primary food source . Any strategy that can increase the micronutrient content of grain will have significant benefits to world health . We identified a gene from barley encoding a cell wall protein with multiple histidine ( His ) -rich motifs interspersed with short arabinogalactan-protein ( AGP ) domains and have called it Hordeum vulgare His-rich AGP ( HvHRA1 ) . Sequence analysis shows that His-rich AGPs are rare in plants and that the number of His-rich and AGP domains differ between cereals and dicots . The barley and wheat encoded proteins have more than 13 His-rich domains , whereas the putative rice orthologue has only 5 His-rich regions . His-rich motifs are well-established metal-binding motifs ; therefore , we developed transgenic ( Tx ) rice plants that constitutively overexpress barley HvHRA1 . There was no significant effect on plant growth or grain yield in Tx plants . Purification of AGPs from wild-type and Tx plants showed that only Tx plants contained detectable levels of a His-rich AGP . Calcein assay shows that the AGP fraction from Tx plants had increased binding affinity for Cu ( 2+ ) . Micronutrient analysis of brown and white rice showed that the grain nutrient yield for Fe , Zn and Cu was higher in two Tx lines compared to their respective nulls , although the differences were not statistically significant . This approach highlights the potential of the plant apoplast ( cell wall ) for storage of key nutrients through overexpression of genes for metal-binding proteins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Impact of down-regulation of starch branching enzyme IIb in rice by artificial microRNA and hairpin RNA-mediated RNA silencing .
| | Author: Butardo VM Fitzgerald MA Bird AR Gidley MJ Flanagan BM Larroque O Resurreccion AP Laidlaw HK Jobling SA Morell MK Rahman S | | Journal: J Exp Bot Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21791436 Accession (PMID): 21791436 | | Abstract: The inactivation of starch branching IIb ( SBEIIb ) in rice is traditionally associated with elevated apparent amylose content , increased peak gelatinization temperature , and a decreased proportion of short amylopectin branches .
To elucidate further the structural and functional role of this enzyme , the phenotypic effects of down-regulating SBEIIb expression in rice endosperm were characterized by artificial microRNA ( amiRNA ) and hairpin RNA ( hp-RNA ) gene silencing .
The results showed that RNA silencing of SBEIIb expression in rice grains did not affect the expression of other major isoforms of starch branching enzymes or starch synthases .
Structural analyses of debranched starch showed that the doubling of apparent amylose content was not due to an increase in the relative proportion of amylose chains but instead was due to significantly elevated levels of long amylopectin and intermediate chains .
Rices altered by the amiRNA technique produced a more extreme starch phenotype than those modified using the hp-RNA technique , with a greater increase in the proportion of long amylopectin and intermediate chains .
The more pronounced starch structural modifications produced in the amiRNA lines led to more severe alterations in starch granule morphology and crystallinity as well as digestibility of freshly cooked grains .
The potential role of attenuating SBEIIb expression in generating starch with elevated levels of resistant starch and lower glycaemic index is discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The inactivation of starch branching IIb ( SBEIIb ) in rice is traditionally associated with elevated apparent amylose content , increased peak gelatinization temperature , and a decreased proportion of short amylopectin branches . To elucidate further the structural and functional role of this enzyme , the phenotypic effects of down-regulating SBEIIb expression in rice endosperm were characterized by artificial microRNA ( amiRNA ) and hairpin RNA ( hp-RNA ) gene silencing . The results showed that RNA silencing of SBEIIb expression in rice grains did not affect the expression of other major isoforms of starch branching enzymes or starch synthases . Structural analyses of debranched starch showed that the doubling of apparent amylose content was not due to an increase in the relative proportion of amylose chains but instead was due to significantly elevated levels of long amylopectin and intermediate chains . Rices altered by the amiRNA technique produced a more extreme starch phenotype than those modified using the hp-RNA technique , with a greater increase in the proportion of long amylopectin and intermediate chains . The more pronounced starch structural modifications produced in the amiRNA lines led to more severe alterations in starch granule morphology and crystallinity as well as digestibility of freshly cooked grains . The potential role of attenuating SBEIIb expression in generating starch with elevated levels of resistant starch and lower glycaemic index is discussed .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Application of a novel method PCR-ligase detection reaction for tracking predator-prey trophic links in insect-resistant GM rice ecosystem .
| | Author: Li K Tian J Wang Q Chen Q Chen M Wang H Zhou Y Peng Y Xiao J Ye G | | Journal: Ecotoxicology Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21915734 Accession (PMID): 21915734 | | Abstract: Insect-resistant genetically modified ( IRGM ) rice is on the verge of commercial release in China , however , its potential non-target effect on non-target insect natural enemies remains controversial Tracking trophic interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice ecosystem can provide new insights into better understanding of the ecological risks of IRGM rice .
In the present study , a novel method based on ligase detection reaction ( LDR ) , PCR-LDR was introduced to track 15 prey species in the gut of a predaceous spider Pirata subpiraticus , a dominant natural enemy in rice field .
Our results indicated that PCR-LDR could provide high specificity and sensitivity in tracking prey-predator interactions in rice ecosystems .
PCR-LDR could detect as little as 1 , 000 th of DNA mixture .
Reliable detection of DNA samples of prey species using PCR-LDR could be significantly affected by digestion time and prey species .
In the analysis of 200 field-collected P subpiraticus and 105 field-collected Tetragnatha maxillosa individuals using PCR-LDR , prey remains were identified in 78 . 3 and 74 . 3% of the individuals , respectively , from which significant predation differences between the two spider species were observed .
Predation behavior of the spider species was not significantly different between Bt and non-Bt control rice lines .
These results indicated that PCR-LDR can be used as an important tool for ecological studies , especially on the interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice or other similar ecosystems .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Insect-resistant genetically modified ( IRGM ) rice is on the verge of commercial release in China , however , its potential non-target effect on non-target insect natural enemies remains controversial Tracking trophic interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice ecosystem can provide new insights into better understanding of the ecological risks of IRGM rice . In the present study , a novel method based on ligase detection reaction ( LDR ) , PCR-LDR was introduced to track 15 prey species in the gut of a predaceous spider Pirata subpiraticus , a dominant natural enemy in rice field . Our results indicated that PCR-LDR could provide high specificity and sensitivity in tracking prey-predator interactions in rice ecosystems . PCR-LDR could detect as little as 1 , 000 th of DNA mixture . Reliable detection of DNA samples of prey species using PCR-LDR could be significantly affected by digestion time and prey species . In the analysis of 200 field-collected P subpiraticus and 105 field-collected Tetragnatha maxillosa individuals using PCR-LDR , prey remains were identified in 78 . 3 and 74 . 3% of the individuals , respectively , from which significant predation differences between the two spider species were observed . Predation behavior of the spider species was not significantly different between Bt and non-Bt control rice lines . These results indicated that PCR-LDR can be used as an important tool for ecological studies , especially on the interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice or other similar ecosystems .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biocontrol of Fusarium head blight : interactions between Trichoderma and mycotoxigenic Fusarium .
| | Author: Matarese F Sarrocco S Gruber S Seidl-Seiboth V Vannacci G | | Journal: Microbiology Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21980117 Accession (PMID): 21980117 | | Abstract: Fusarium head blight ( FHB ) is a re-emerging wheat disease that causes extensive damage through direct losses in yield and quality due to the presence of damaged Fusarium kernels and their associated mycotoxins such as the trichothecene deoxynivalenol ( DON ) .
Biological control , including the treatment of crop residues with antagonists , in order to reduce pathogen inoculum of FHB , holds considerable promise .
Ten Trichoderma isolates , previously selected for their ability to grow in the presence of DON , were preliminarily investigated as potential antagonists against Fusarium culmorum and F graminearum mycotoxigenic strains in plate confrontation assays .
The three Trichoderma isolates showing antibiosis and mycoparasitism were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit DON production by F graminearum and F culmorum on two natural substrates .
The expression of some chitinase-encoding genes by the two best resulting Trichoderma strains , during interaction with F culmorum and F graminearum , was monitored .
All investigated genes from chitinase subgroups A , B and the new subgroup C responded to mycoparasitic conditions and were upregulated before contact and/or when in contact with the host T gamsii 6085 , the best antagonist , was finally used in a competition test against F culmorum and F graminearum on natural substrates , using a qPCR approach to evaluate its effect on the pathogens growth and DON production in haulms and rice .
This test confirmed the ability of T gamsii 6085 to antagonize the pathogens on rice .
On wheat haulms , an extreme oligotrophic environment , T gamsii 6085 seemed to develop very poorly and the growth of both the pathogens was unaffected by the presence of the antagonist | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fusarium head blight ( FHB ) is a re-emerging wheat disease that causes extensive damage through direct losses in yield and quality due to the presence of damaged Fusarium kernels and their associated mycotoxins such as the trichothecene deoxynivalenol ( DON ) . Biological control , including the treatment of crop residues with antagonists , in order to reduce pathogen inoculum of FHB , holds considerable promise . Ten Trichoderma isolates , previously selected for their ability to grow in the presence of DON , were preliminarily investigated as potential antagonists against Fusarium culmorum and F graminearum mycotoxigenic strains in plate confrontation assays . The three Trichoderma isolates showing antibiosis and mycoparasitism were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit DON production by F graminearum and F culmorum on two natural substrates . The expression of some chitinase-encoding genes by the two best resulting Trichoderma strains , during interaction with F culmorum and F graminearum , was monitored . All investigated genes from chitinase subgroups A , B and the new subgroup C responded to mycoparasitic conditions and were upregulated before contact and/or when in contact with the host T gamsii 6085 , the best antagonist , was finally used in a competition test against F culmorum and F graminearum on natural substrates , using a qPCR approach to evaluate its effect on the pathogens growth and DON production in haulms and rice . This test confirmed the ability of T gamsii 6085 to antagonize the pathogens on rice . On wheat haulms , an extreme oligotrophic environment , T gamsii 6085 seemed to develop very poorly and the growth of both the pathogens was unaffected by the presence of the antagonist
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Differential Metabolic Regulation Governed by the Rice SUB1A Gene during Submergence Stress and Identification of Alanylglycine by ( 1 ) H NMR Spectroscopy .
| | Author: Barding GA Fukao T Beni S Bailey-Serres J Larive CK | | Journal: J Proteome Res Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22017194 Accession (PMID): 22017194 | | Abstract: Although the genetic mechanism of submergence survival for rice varieties containing the SUB1A gene has been elucidated , the downstream metabolic effects have not yet been evaluated .
In this study , the metabolomes of Oryza sativa ssp .
japonica cv .
M202 and cv .
M202 ( Sub1 ) were profiled using ( 1 ) H NMR spectroscopy to compare the metabolic effect of submergence stress and recovery on rice in the presence or absence of SUB1A .
Significant changes were observed in the NMR resonances of compounds in pathways important for carbohydrate metabolism .
The presence of SUB1A in M202 ( Sub1 ) was correlated with suppression of carbohydrate metabolism in shoot it issue , consistent with the role of SUB1A in limiting starch catabolism to fuel elongation growth .
The absence of SUB1A in M202 was correlated with greater consumption of sucrose stores and accumulation of amino acids that are synthesized from glycolysis intermediates and pyruvate .
Under submergence conditions , alanine , a product of pyruvate metabolism , showed the largest difference between the two varieties , but elevated levels of glutamine , glutamate , leucine , isoleucine , threonine , and valine were also higher in M202 compared with the M202 ( Sub1 ) variety .
The identification and characterization of alanylglycine ( AlaGly ) in rice is also reported .
After 3 days of submergence stress , AlaGly levels decreased significantly in both genotypes but did not recover within 1 day of desubmergence with the other metabolites evaluated .
The influence of SUB1A on dynamic changes in the metabolome during complete submergence provides new insights into the functional roles of a single gene in invoking a quiescence strategy that helps stabilize crop production in submergence-prone fields .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the genetic mechanism of submergence survival for rice varieties containing the SUB1A gene has been elucidated , the downstream metabolic effects have not yet been evaluated . In this study , the metabolomes of Oryza sativa ssp . japonica cv . M202 and cv . M202 ( Sub1 ) were profiled using ( 1 ) H NMR spectroscopy to compare the metabolic effect of submergence stress and recovery on rice in the presence or absence of SUB1A . Significant changes were observed in the NMR resonances of compounds in pathways important for carbohydrate metabolism . The presence of SUB1A in M202 ( Sub1 ) was correlated with suppression of carbohydrate metabolism in shoot it issue , consistent with the role of SUB1A in limiting starch catabolism to fuel elongation growth . The absence of SUB1A in M202 was correlated with greater consumption of sucrose stores and accumulation of amino acids that are synthesized from glycolysis intermediates and pyruvate . Under submergence conditions , alanine , a product of pyruvate metabolism , showed the largest difference between the two varieties , but elevated levels of glutamine , glutamate , leucine , isoleucine , threonine , and valine were also higher in M202 compared with the M202 ( Sub1 ) variety . The identification and characterization of alanylglycine ( AlaGly ) in rice is also reported .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Half plate of rice to a male casual sexual partner , full plate belongs to the husband : Findings from a qualitative study on sexual behaviour in relation to HIV and AIDS in Northern Tanzania .
| | Author: Mwanga JR Mshana G Kaatano G Changalucha J | | Journal: BMC Public Health Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22202562 Accession (PMID): 22202562 | | Abstract: ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND : A thorough understanding of the contexts of sexual behaviour of the people who are vulnerable to HIV infection is an important battle against AIDS epidemic .
We conducted a qualitative study to investigate perceptions , attitudes and practices of sexually active people in three districts of northern Tanzania with the view of collecting data to inform the formulation of appropriate complementary interventions against HIV and AIDS in the study communities .
METHODS : We conducted 96 semi-structured interviews and 48 focus group discussions with sexually active participants ( 18-60 years of age ) who were selected purposively in two fishing and one non-fishing communities .
RESULTS : The study revealed a number of socio-economic and cultural factors which act as structural drivers of HIV epidemic .
Mobility and migration were mentioned to be associated with the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission .
Sexual promiscuous behaviour was common in all study communities .
Chomolea , ( a quick transactional sex ) was reported to exist in fishing communities whereas , extramarital sex in the bush was reported in non-fishing community which was predominantly Christian and polygamous .
Traditional practices such as Kusomboka ( death cleansing through unprotected sex ) was reported to exist Other risky sexual behaviour and traditional practices together with their socio-economic and cultural contexts are presented in details and discussed .
Knowledge of condom was low as some people mistook them for balloons to play with and as decorations for their living rooms .
Acute scarcity of condoms in some remote areas such as vizingani ( fishing islands ) push some people to make their own condoms locally known as kondomu za pepsi using polythene bags .
CONCLUSIONS : HIV prevention efforts can succeed by addressing sexual behaviour and its socio-economic and cultural contexts .
More innovative , interdisciplinary and productive structural approaches to HIV prevention need to be developed in close collaboration with affected communities and be closely related to policy-making and implementation ; to go beyond the limited success of traditional behavioural and biomedical interventions to particularly address the underlying social and structural drivers of HIV risk and vulnerability in the study communities .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: We conducted a qualitative study to investigate perceptions , attitudes and practices of sexually active people in three districts of northern Tanzania with the view of collecting data to inform the formulation of appropriate complementary interventions against HIV and AIDS in the study communities . METHODS : We conducted 96 semi-structured interviews and 48 focus group discussions with sexually active participants ( 18-60 years of age ) who were selected purposively in two fishing and one non-fishing communities . RESULTS : The study revealed a number of socio-economic and cultural factors which act as structural drivers of HIV epidemic . Mobility and migration were mentioned to be associated with the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission . Sexual promiscuous behaviour was common in all study communities . Chomolea , ( a quick transactional sex ) was reported to exist in fishing communities whereas , extramarital sex in the bush was reported in non-fishing community which was predominantly Christian and polygamous . Traditional practices such as Kusomboka ( death cleansing through unprotected sex ) was reported to exist Other risky sexual behaviour and traditional practices together with their socio-economic and cultural contexts are presented in details and discussed . Knowledge of condom was low as some people mistook them for balloons to play with and as decorations for their living rooms . Acute scarcity of condoms in some remote areas such as vizingani ( fishing islands ) push some people to make their own condoms locally known as kondomu za pepsi using polythene bags . CONCLUSIONS : HIV prevention efforts can succeed by addressing sexual behaviour and its socio-economic and cultural contexts . More innovative , interdisciplinary and productive structural approaches to HIV prevention need to be developed in close collaboration with affected communities and be closely related to policy-making and implementation ; to go beyond the limited success of traditional behavioural and biomedical interventions to particularly address the underlying social and structural drivers of HIV risk and vulnerability in the study communities .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Catalytic pyrolysis of waste rice husk over mesoporous materials .
| | Author: Jeon MJ Kim SS Jeon JK Park SH Kim JM Sohn JM Lee SH Park YK | | Journal: Nanoscale Res Lett Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22221540 Accession (PMID): 22221540 | | Abstract: ABSTRACT : Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste rice husk was carried out using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [ Py-GC/MS ] .
Meso-MFI zeolite [ Meso-MFI ] was used as the catalyst In addition , a 0 . 5-wt . % platinum [ Pt ] was ion-exchanged into Meso-MFI to examine the effect of Pt addition .
Using a catalytic upgrading method , the activities of the catalysts were evaluated in terms of product composition and deoxygenation .
The structure and acid site characteristics of the catalysts were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption analysis .
Catalytic upgrading reduced the amount of oxygenates in the product vapor due to the cracking reaction of the catalysts .
Levoglucosan , a polymeric oxygenate species , was completely decomposed without being detected .
While the amount of heavy phenols was reduced by catalytic upgrading , the amount of light phenols was increased because of the catalytic cracking of heavy phenols into light phenols and aromatics .
The amount of aromatics increased remarkably as a result of catalytic upgrading , which is attributed to the strong Bronsted acid sites and the shape selectivity of the Meso-MFI catalyst The addition of Pt made the Meso-MFI catalyst even more active in deoxygenation and in the production of aromatics .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: ABSTRACT : Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste rice husk was carried out using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [ Py-GC/MS ] . Meso-MFI zeolite [ Meso-MFI ] was used as the catalyst In addition , a 0 . 5-wt . % platinum [ Pt ] was ion-exchanged into Meso-MFI to examine the effect of Pt addition . Using a catalytic upgrading method , the activities of the catalysts were evaluated in terms of product composition and deoxygenation . The structure and acid site characteristics of the catalysts were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption analysis . Catalytic upgrading reduced the amount of oxygenates in the product vapor due to the cracking reaction of the catalysts . Levoglucosan , a polymeric oxygenate species , was completely decomposed without being detected . While the amount of heavy phenols was reduced by catalytic upgrading , the amount of light phenols was increased because of the catalytic cracking of heavy phenols into light phenols and aromatics . The amount of aromatics increased remarkably as a result of catalytic upgrading , which is attributed to the strong Bronsted acid sites and the shape selectivity of the Meso-MFI catalyst The addition of Pt made the Meso-MFI catalyst even more active in deoxygenation and in the production of aromatics .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Regulatory functions of SnRK1 in stress-responsive gene expression and in plant growth and development .
| | Author: Cho YH Hong JW Kim EC Yoo SD | | Journal: Plant Physiol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22232383 Accession (PMID): 22232383 | | Abstract: Sucrose-nonfermentation1-related protein kinase1 ( SnRK1 ) is an evolutionarily conserved energy sensor protein that regulates gene expression in response to energy depletion in plants .
Efforts to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of this protein kinase are hampered , however , by inherent growth defects of snrk1-null mutant plants .
To overcome these limitations and study SnRK1 functions in vivo , we applied a method combining transient expression in leaf mesophyll protoplasts and stable expression in transgenic plants .
We found that both rice ( Oryza sativa ) and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) SnRK1 activities critically influence stress-inducible gene expression and the induction of stress tolerance .
Genetic , molecular , and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses further revealed that the nuclear SnRK1 modulated target gene transcription in a submergence-dependent manner .
From early seedling development through late senescence , SnRK1 activities appeared to modulate developmental processes in the plants .
Our findings offer insight into the regulatory functions of plant SnRK1 in stress-responsive gene regulation and in plant growth and development throughout the life cycle .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sucrose-nonfermentation1-related protein kinase1 ( SnRK1 ) is an evolutionarily conserved energy sensor protein that regulates gene expression in response to energy depletion in plants . Efforts to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of this protein kinase are hampered , however , by inherent growth defects of snrk1-null mutant plants . To overcome these limitations and study SnRK1 functions in vivo , we applied a method combining transient expression in leaf mesophyll protoplasts and stable expression in transgenic plants . We found that both rice ( Oryza sativa ) and Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) SnRK1 activities critically influence stress-inducible gene expression and the induction of stress tolerance . Genetic , molecular , and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses further revealed that the nuclear SnRK1 modulated target gene transcription in a submergence-dependent manner . From early seedling development through late senescence , SnRK1 activities appeared to modulate developmental processes in the plants . Our findings offer insight into the regulatory functions of plant SnRK1 in stress-responsive gene regulation and in plant growth and development throughout the life cycle .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Exposure assessment to ochratoxin A in Catalonia ( Spain ) based on the consumption of cereals , nuts , coffee , wine , and beer .
| | Author: Coronel MB Marin S Cano-Sancho G Ramos AJ Sanchis V | | Journal: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22394208 Accession (PMID): 22394208 | | Abstract: Ochratoxin A ( OTA ) was analysed in composite samples of cereal-based baby foods , beer , breakfast cereals ( corn and rice and wheat-based ) , loaf bread , peanuts and pistachios .
Foodstuffs were collected in hypermarkets and supermarkets from 12 cities in the Spanish region of Catalonia , and composite samples were prepared for analysis involving liquid-liquid extraction , followed by immunoaffinity column clean-up and HPLC with fluorescence detection .
Consumption data for the selected foodstuffs were collected by means of a food-frequency questionnaire .
The studied population was grouped by age in infants , children , adolescents and adults ; and exposure to OTA through the specified foodstuffs , and through wine and coffee , was assessed .
Exposure assessment was done through deterministic and probabilistic modelling of the contamination and consumption data .
OTA occurrence and mean of positive samples ( ng g ( -1 ) or ng ml ( -1 ) , for beer ) were the following : 8 . 7% and 0 . 233 in baby foods ; 88 . 7% and 0 . 022 in beer ; 2 . 8% and 0 . 728 in corn-based breakfast cereals ; 25% and 0 . 293 in wheat-based breakfast cereals ; 12 . 9% and 0 . 283 in loaf bread ; 41 . 7% and 0 . 241 in peanuts ; and 2 . 9% and 0 . 228 in pistachios .
The median estimated daily intake of OTA through the foodstuffs by each age group were below the latest provisional tolerable daily intakes ( PTDIs ) of 17 and 14 ng kg ( -1 ) bw day ( -1 ) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority ( EFSA ) in 2006 and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ( JECFA ) in 2007 , respectively , ranging from 1% and 2% of those values in adolescents and children , to 3% and 11% in adults and infants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ochratoxin A ( OTA ) was analysed in composite samples of cereal-based baby foods , beer , breakfast cereals ( corn and rice and wheat-based ) , loaf bread , peanuts and pistachios . Foodstuffs were collected in hypermarkets and supermarkets from 12 cities in the Spanish region of Catalonia , and composite samples were prepared for analysis involving liquid-liquid extraction , followed by immunoaffinity column clean-up and HPLC with fluorescence detection . Consumption data for the selected foodstuffs were collected by means of a food-frequency questionnaire . The studied population was grouped by age in infants , children , adolescents and adults ; and exposure to OTA through the specified foodstuffs , and through wine and coffee , was assessed . Exposure assessment was done through deterministic and probabilistic modelling of the contamination and consumption data . OTA occurrence and mean of positive samples ( ng g ( -1 ) or ng ml ( -1 ) , for beer ) were the following : 8 . 7% and 0 . 233 in baby foods ; 88 . 7% and 0 . 022 in beer ; 2 . 8% and 0 . 728 in corn-based breakfast cereals ; 25% and 0 . 293 in wheat-based breakfast cereals ; 12 . 9% and 0 . 283 in loaf bread ; 41 . 7% and 0 . 241 in peanuts ; and 2 . 9% and 0 . 228 in pistachios . The median estimated daily intake of OTA through the foodstuffs by each age group were below the latest provisional tolerable daily intakes ( PTDIs ) of 17 and 14 ng kg ( -1 ) bw day ( -1 ) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority ( EFSA ) in 2006 and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ( JECFA ) in 2007 , respectively , ranging from 1% and 2% of those values in adolescents and children , to 3% and 11% in adults and infants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Leaf ascorbic acid level - Is it really important for ozone tolerance in rice?
| | Author: Frei M Wissuwa M Pariasca-Tanaka J Chen CP Sudekum KH Kohno Y | | Journal: Plant Physiol Biochem Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22417733 Accession (PMID): 22417733 | | Abstract: Leaf ascorbic acid ( ASA ) level is thought to be an important trait conferring stress tolerance in plants , but definite evidence regarding its effectiveness in the breeding of stress tolerant crops is lacking .
Therefore , the stress response of a rice TOS17 insertion mutant ( ND6172 ) for a GDP-d-mannose-3 , 5-epimerase gene , which is involved in ASA biosynthesis , was tested .
Two fumigation experiments were conducted , in which rice plants ( Oryza sativa L ) were exposed to ( i ) high ozone for ten days at the tillering stage ( 100 ppb , 7 h day ( -1 ) ) ; and ( ii ) to four different ozone concentrations ranging from charcoal filtered air to 2 . 5 times the ambient concentration for the entire growth season .
The mutant ND6172 had around 20-30% lower ASA level than the wild-type ( Nipponbare ) , and exhibited a moderately higher level of visible leaf symptoms due to ozone exposure .
Differences in ASA level between ND6172 and Nipponbare led to differential responses of the glutathione level , and the activities of glutathione reductase , ascorbate peroxidase , and dehydroascorbate reductase .
With season-long ozone fumigation , yields and yield components were not negatively affected at ambient ozone level in both genotypes , but showed stronger decreases in ND6172 at higher ozone levels , especially at 2 . 5 times the ambient level .
Similarly , the mature straw of ND6172 exhibited a higher degree of lignification at the 2 . 5 times ambient ozone level .
In conclusion , a difference in leaf ASA level of around 20-30% is relevant for ozone tolerance in rice at levels exceeding the current ambient ozone concentrations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Leaf ascorbic acid ( ASA ) level is thought to be an important trait conferring stress tolerance in plants , but definite evidence regarding its effectiveness in the breeding of stress tolerant crops is lacking . Therefore , the stress response of a rice TOS17 insertion mutant ( ND6172 ) for a GDP-d-mannose-3 , 5-epimerase gene , which is involved in ASA biosynthesis , was tested . Two fumigation experiments were conducted , in which rice plants ( Oryza sativa L ) were exposed to ( i ) high ozone for ten days at the tillering stage ( 100 ppb , 7 h day ( -1 ) ) ; and ( ii ) to four different ozone concentrations ranging from charcoal filtered air to 2 . 5 times the ambient concentration for the entire growth season . The mutant ND6172 had around 20-30% lower ASA level than the wild-type ( Nipponbare ) , and exhibited a moderately higher level of visible leaf symptoms due to ozone exposure . Differences in ASA level between ND6172 and Nipponbare led to differential responses of the glutathione level , and the activities of glutathione reductase , ascorbate peroxidase , and dehydroascorbate reductase . With season-long ozone fumigation , yields and yield components were not negatively affected at ambient ozone level in both genotypes , but showed stronger decreases in ND6172 at higher ozone levels , especially at 2 . 5 times the ambient level . Similarly , the mature straw of ND6172 exhibited a higher degree of lignification at the 2 . 5 times ambient ozone level . In conclusion , a difference in leaf ASA level of around 20-30% is relevant for ozone tolerance in rice at levels exceeding the current ambient ozone concentrations .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Improved semiconductor lattice parameters and band gaps from a middle-range screened hybrid exchange functional | | Author: Lucero MJ Henderson TM Scuseria GE | | Journal: J Phys Condens Matter Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22417942 Accession (PMID): 22417942 | | Abstract: We show that the middle-range exchange-correlation hybrid of Henderson , Izmaylov , Scuseria and Savin ( HISS ) performs extremely well for elemental and binary semiconductors with narrow or visible spectrum band gaps , as well as some wider gap or more ionic systems used in devices .
The lattice parameters are superior to those predicted by the screened hybrid functional of Heyd , Scuseria and Ernzerhof ( HSE ) , and provide a significant improvement over the geometries predicted by typical semilocal functionals , yielding results competitive with PBEsol , which was specially tuned for solids .
HISS also yields band gaps superior to those produced by functionals developed specifically for the solid state .
Timings indicate that HISS is more computationally efficient than HSE , implying that the high quality lattice constants coupled with improved optical band gap predictions render HISS a useful adjunct to HSE in the modeling of geometry-sensitive semiconductors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We show that the middle-range exchange-correlation hybrid of Henderson , Izmaylov , Scuseria and Savin ( HISS ) performs extremely well for elemental and binary semiconductors with narrow or visible spectrum band gaps , as well as some wider gap or more ionic systems used in devices . The lattice parameters are superior to those predicted by the screened hybrid functional of Heyd , Scuseria and Ernzerhof ( HSE ) , and provide a significant improvement over the geometries predicted by typical semilocal functionals , yielding results competitive with PBEsol , which was specially tuned for solids . HISS also yields band gaps superior to those produced by functionals developed specifically for the solid state . Timings indicate that HISS is more computationally efficient than HSE , implying that the high quality lattice constants coupled with improved optical band gap predictions render HISS a useful adjunct to HSE in the modeling of geometry-sensitive semiconductors .
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| Title: Local conditions structure unique archaeal communities in the anoxic sediments of meromictic lake kivu .
| | Author: Bhattarai S Ross KA Schmid M Anselmetti FS Burgmann H | | Journal: Microb Ecol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22430505 Accession (PMID): 22430505 | | Abstract: Meromictic Lake Kivu is renowned for its enormous quantity of methane dissolved in the hypolimnion .
The methane is primarily of biological origin , and its concentration has been increasing in the past half-century .
Insight into the origin of methane production in Lake Kivu has become relevant with the recent commercial extraction of methane from the hypolimnion .
This study provides the first culture-independent approach to identifying the archaeal communities present in Lake Kivu sediments at the sediment-water interface .
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggests considerable heterogeneity in the archaeal community composition at varying sample locations .
This diversity reflects changes in the geochemical conditions in the sediment and the overlying water , which are an effect of local groundwater inflows .
A more in-depth look at the archaeal community composition by clone library analysis revealed diverse phylogenies of Euryarchaeota and Crenarachaeota .
Many of the sequences in the clone libraries belonged to globally distributed archaeal clades such as the rice cluster V and Lake Dagow sediment environmental clusters .
Several of the determined clades were previously thought to be rare among freshwater sediment Archaea ( eg , sequences related to the SAGMEG-1 clade ) .
Surprisingly , there was no observed relation of clones to known hydrogentrophic methanogens and less than 2 % of clones were related to acetoclastic methanogens .
The local variability , diversity , and novelty of the archaeal community structure in Lake Kivu should be considered when making assumptions on the biogeochemical functioning of its sediments .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Meromictic Lake Kivu is renowned for its enormous quantity of methane dissolved in the hypolimnion . The methane is primarily of biological origin , and its concentration has been increasing in the past half-century . Insight into the origin of methane production in Lake Kivu has become relevant with the recent commercial extraction of methane from the hypolimnion . This study provides the first culture-independent approach to identifying the archaeal communities present in Lake Kivu sediments at the sediment-water interface . Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggests considerable heterogeneity in the archaeal community composition at varying sample locations . This diversity reflects changes in the geochemical conditions in the sediment and the overlying water , which are an effect of local groundwater inflows . A more in-depth look at the archaeal community composition by clone library analysis revealed diverse phylogenies of Euryarchaeota and Crenarachaeota . Many of the sequences in the clone libraries belonged to globally distributed archaeal clades such as the rice cluster V and Lake Dagow sediment environmental clusters . Several of the determined clades were previously thought to be rare among freshwater sediment Archaea ( eg , sequences related to the SAGMEG-1 clade ) . Surprisingly , there was no observed relation of clones to known hydrogentrophic methanogens and less than 2 % of clones were related to acetoclastic methanogens . The local variability , diversity , and novelty of the archaeal community structure in Lake Kivu should be considered when making assumptions on the biogeochemical functioning of its sediments .
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| Title: [ Effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard compost and its risk of nonpoint source pollution ] .
| | Author: Peng L Wang LW Yang ZM Chen YC Qiao JJ Zhao ZJ | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22509574 Accession (PMID): 22509574 | | Abstract: The in situ 120 days experiment was conducted to investigate effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard composting with four kinds of coverage , involving no coverage , rice straw , thin film and soil , and their risks of nonpoint source pollution were discussed .
The results showed that , with decomposing of the manure and increasing of runoff , the concentration of total nitrogen ( TN ) , ammoniac nitrogen ( NH4 ( + ) -N ) , nitrate nitrogen ( NO3 ( - ) -N ) , total phosphorus ( TP ) and dissolved phosphorus ( DP ) from courtyard composting decreased .
Especially , the concentration variation of TN , NH4 ( + ) -N , NO3 ( - ) -N with time fit for I kinetic equation , while TP and DP fit for linear equation .
The concentration order of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff observed as follows : no coverage > coverage by rice straw > coverage by soil > coverage by thin film .
As a result , the coverage by thin film could be used as a recommended mode to decrease the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff resulting from its low risks for nonpoint source pollution .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The in situ 120 days experiment was conducted to investigate effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard composting with four kinds of coverage , involving no coverage , rice straw , thin film and soil , and their risks of nonpoint source pollution were discussed . The results showed that , with decomposing of the manure and increasing of runoff , the concentration of total nitrogen ( TN ) , ammoniac nitrogen ( NH4 ( + ) -N ) , nitrate nitrogen ( NO3 ( - ) -N ) , total phosphorus ( TP ) and dissolved phosphorus ( DP ) from courtyard composting decreased . Especially , the concentration variation of TN , NH4 ( + ) -N , NO3 ( - ) -N with time fit for I kinetic equation , while TP and DP fit for linear equation . The concentration order of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff observed as follows : no coverage > coverage by rice straw > coverage by soil > coverage by thin film . As a result , the coverage by thin film could be used as a recommended mode to decrease the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff resulting from its low risks for nonpoint source pollution .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Spatial distribution and controlling factors of heavy metals contents in paddy soil and crop grains of rice-wheat cropping system along highway in East China .
| | Author: Feng J Zhao J Bian X Zhang W | | Journal: Environ Geochem Health Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22527116 Accession (PMID): 22527116 | | Abstract: There is consensus concerning the heavy metal pollution from traffic emission on roadside agricultural land .
However , few efforts have been paid on examining the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in roadside paddy-upland rotation field , and especially in combination with detailed quantitative analysis .
In this study , we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals ( Pb , Cd , Cr and Zn ) in soil and crop grains of the rice-wheat cropping system along a major highway in East China in 2008 and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals and their influencing factors with GIS and Classification and Regression Trees ( CART ) .
Significantly elevated levels of heavy metals in soil , rice and wheat grains indicated the heavy metals contamination of traffic emission in roadside rice-wheat rotation field .
The contamination levels of Cd , Cr and Zn in wheat grain were higher than rice grain , while that of Pb showed an opposite trend .
Obvious dissimilarities in the spatial distributions of heavy metals contents were found between in the soil , rice and wheat grains , indicating that the heavy metals contents in the roadside crop grains were not only determined by the concentrations of heavy metals in the paddy soil .
Results of CART analysis showed that the spatial variation of the heavy metals contents in crop grains was mainly affected by the soil organic matter or soil pH , followed by the distance from highway and wind direction .
Our findings have important implications for the environmental assessment and crop planning for food security along the highway .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: There is consensus concerning the heavy metal pollution from traffic emission on roadside agricultural land . However , few efforts have been paid on examining the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in roadside paddy-upland rotation field , and especially in combination with detailed quantitative analysis . In this study , we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals ( Pb , Cd , Cr and Zn ) in soil and crop grains of the rice-wheat cropping system along a major highway in East China in 2008 and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals and their influencing factors with GIS and Classification and Regression Trees ( CART ) . Significantly elevated levels of heavy metals in soil , rice and wheat grains indicated the heavy metals contamination of traffic emission in roadside rice-wheat rotation field . The contamination levels of Cd , Cr and Zn in wheat grain were higher than rice grain , while that of Pb showed an opposite trend . Obvious dissimilarities in the spatial distributions of heavy metals contents were found between in the soil , rice and wheat grains , indicating that the heavy metals contents in the roadside crop grains were not only determined by the concentrations of heavy metals in the paddy soil . Results of CART analysis showed that the spatial variation of the heavy metals contents in crop grains was mainly affected by the soil organic matter or soil pH , followed by the distance from highway and wind direction . Our findings have important implications for the environmental assessment and crop planning for food security along the highway .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Smoking Beliefs and Behavior Among Youth in South Korea , Taiwan , and Thailand .
| | Author: Lee J Johnson C Rice J Warren CW Chen T | | Journal: Int J Behav Med Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22592594 Accession (PMID): 22592594 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Beliefs about smoking are important predictors of smoking behavior among adolescents , and adolescents who hold positive beliefs about the benefits of smoking are at an increased risk of smoking initiation .
An alarming fact is the rising smoking prevalence in Asian countries , particularly the increasing trend in smoking during adolescence .
PURPOSE : This cross-sectional study examined smoking beliefs and behavior among a nationally representative sample of youth in South Korea , Taiwan , and Thailand .
METHODS : Descriptive statistics , linear regression , and logistic regression methods were used to analyze data from 13-15-year-old adolescents who participated in the 2005 Global Youth Tobacco Survey ( GYTS ) in South Korea ( N = 4 , 765 ) and Thailand ( N = 15 , 420 ) and the 2007 GYTS in Taiwan ( N = 3 , 955 ) .
RESULTS : The rate of ever smoking among youth was similar in all three countries and ranged from 26 . 7 to 28 . 0 % .
The prevalence of current smoking among youth in Thailand ( 11 . 4 % ) was nearly double the prevalence in South Korea ( 6 . 6 % ) and Taiwan ( 6 . 5 % ) .
Pro-tobacco advertising exposure , as well as older ages , was a positive and significant predictor of positive beliefs about smoking among youth in all three countries .
Additionally , youth who reported increased positive smoking-related beliefs , greater pro-tobacco advertising exposure , and were male were more likely to be current smokers in all three countries .
CONCLUSION : Results suggest that greater attention be directed to understanding beliefs and attitudes about smoking among youth .
Exploring the relationship between these factors and smoking behavior can provide a strong starting point in the development of effective smoking prevention interventions and tobacco control policies in this region .
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[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Beliefs about smoking are important predictors of smoking behavior among adolescents , and adolescents who hold positive beliefs about the benefits of smoking are at an increased risk of smoking initiation . An alarming fact is the rising smoking prevalence in Asian countries , particularly the increasing trend in smoking during adolescence . PURPOSE : This cross-sectional study examined smoking beliefs and behavior among a nationally representative sample of youth in South Korea , Taiwan , and Thailand . METHODS : Descriptive statistics , linear regression , and logistic regression methods were used to analyze data from 13-15-year-old adolescents who participated in the 2005 Global Youth Tobacco Survey ( GYTS ) in South Korea ( N = 4 , 765 ) and Thailand ( N = 15 , 420 ) and the 2007 GYTS in Taiwan ( N = 3 , 955 ) . RESULTS : The rate of ever smoking among youth was similar in all three countries and ranged from 26 . 7 to 28 . 0 % . The prevalence of current smoking among youth in Thailand ( 11 . 4 % ) was nearly double the prevalence in South Korea ( 6 . 6 % ) and Taiwan ( 6 . 5 % ) . Pro-tobacco advertising exposure , as well as older ages , was a positive and significant predictor of positive beliefs about smoking among youth in all three countries . Additionally , youth who reported increased positive smoking-related beliefs , greater pro-tobacco advertising exposure , and were male were more likely to be current smokers in all three countries . CONCLUSION : Results suggest that greater attention be directed to understanding beliefs and attitudes about smoking among youth . Exploring the relationship between these factors and smoking behavior can provide a strong starting point in the development of effective smoking prevention interventions and tobacco control policies in this region .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Parental education and frequency of food consumption in European children : the IDEFICS study .
| | Author: Fernandez-Alvira JM Mouratidou T Bammann K Hebestreit A Barba G Sieri S Reisch L Eiben G Hadjigeorgiou C Kovacs E Huybrechts I Moreno LA | | Journal: Public Health Nutr Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22687743 Accession (PMID): 22687743 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To assess the relationship between parental education level and the consumption frequency of obesity-related foods in European children .
DESIGN : The analysis was based on data from the cross-sectional baseline survey of a prospective cohort study .
The effects of parental education on food consumption were explored using analysis of covariance and logistic regression .
SETTING : Primary schools and pre-schools of selected regions in Italy , Estonia , Cyprus , Belgium , Sweden , Hungary , Germany and Spain .
SUBJECTS : Participants ( n 14 426 ) of the IDEFICS baseline cohort study aged 2 to 9 years .
RESULTS : Parental education level affected the intake of obesity-related foods in children .
Children in the low and medium parental education level groups had lower odds of more frequently eating low-sugar and low-fat foods ( vegetables , fruits , pasta/noodles/rice and wholemeal bread ) and higher odds of more frequently eating high-sugar and high-fat foods ( fried potatoes , fruits with sugar and nuts , snacks/desserts and sugared beverages ; P < 0 . 001 ) .
The largest odds ratio differences were found in the low category ( reference category : high ) for vegetables ( OR = 0 . 56 ; 95 % CI 0 . 47 , 0 . 65 ) , fruits ( OR = 0 . 56 ; 95 % CI 0 . 48 , 0 . 65 ) , fruits with sugar and nuts ( OR = 2 . 23 ; 95 % CI 1 . 92 , 2 . 59 ) and sugared beverages ( OR = 2 . 01 ; 95 % CI 1 . 77 , 2 . 37 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : Low parental education level was associated with intakes of sugar-rich and fatty foods among children , while high parental education level was associated with intakes of low-sugar and low-fat foods .
These findings should be taken into account in public health interventions , with more targeted policies aiming at an improvement of childrens diet .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To assess the relationship between parental education level and the consumption frequency of obesity-related foods in European children . DESIGN : The analysis was based on data from the cross-sectional baseline survey of a prospective cohort study . The effects of parental education on food consumption were explored using analysis of covariance and logistic regression . SETTING : Primary schools and pre-schools of selected regions in Italy , Estonia , Cyprus , Belgium , Sweden , Hungary , Germany and Spain . SUBJECTS : Participants ( n 14 426 ) of the IDEFICS baseline cohort study aged 2 to 9 years . RESULTS : Parental education level affected the intake of obesity-related foods in children . Children in the low and medium parental education level groups had lower odds of more frequently eating low-sugar and low-fat foods ( vegetables , fruits , pasta/noodles/rice and wholemeal bread ) and higher odds of more frequently eating high-sugar and high-fat foods ( fried potatoes , fruits with sugar and nuts , snacks/desserts and sugared beverages ; P < 0 . 001 ) . The largest odds ratio differences were found in the low category ( reference category : high ) for vegetables ( OR = 0 . 56 ; 95 % CI 0 . 47 , 0 . 65 ) , fruits ( OR = 0 . 56 ; 95 % CI 0 . 48 , 0 . 65 ) , fruits with sugar and nuts ( OR = 2 . 23 ; 95 % CI 1 . 92 , 2 . 59 ) and sugared beverages ( OR = 2 . 01 ; 95 % CI 1 . 77 , 2 . 37 ) . CONCLUSIONS : Low parental education level was associated with intakes of sugar-rich and fatty foods among children , while high parental education level was associated with intakes of low-sugar and low-fat foods . These findings should be taken into account in public health interventions , with more targeted policies aiming at an improvement of childrens diet .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Waterborne iron migration by groundwater irrigation pumping in a typical irrigation district of Sanjiang Plain ] .
| | Author: Zou YC Yu XF Huo LL Lu XG Jiang M | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22720567 Accession (PMID): 22720567 | | Abstract: The iron concentration in groundwater , irons seasonal migration from groundwater to sun-basked pools , paddy fields and drainage canals , and its distribution in the sediments/soils were observed in the Jiansanjiang Branch Bureau , Heilongjiang Agricultural Cultivation Bureau .
The results suggested that the total iron mass concentration of the studied area was ( 1 . 73 +/- 0 . 41 ) mg x L ( -1 ) , ranging from 0 . 01 to 11 . 4 mg x L ( -1 ) , with the variation coefficient of 1 . 29% .
The annual iron input mass from groundwater to paddy fields and other surface water bodies was 4 976 . 40 t in 2010 , according to the rice planting area and rating irrigation volume .
Dissolved Fe2+ , Fe3+ and iron , as well as the total iron ( dissolved and particle ) had seasonal variation , with greater values presented in June and July .
These waterborne irons in paddy field waters were greater than those in sun-basked pools and drainage canals .
Obvious enrichment effect was observed in sun-basked pools and paddy fields , with their total iron mass concentrations were 6 . 17 and 21 . 65 times greater than that in groundwater .
Either the total iron or iron oxides in sun-baked pool sediments were greater than that in paddy field soils , field canal and main canal sediments .
The differences of the total iron and iron oxides in paddy field soils , field canal and main canal sediments were not significantly different .
Considerable irons were precipitated within sun-basked pools and paddy fields during the transfer from groundwater to surface water , with a part of irons exporting into canals through drainage and then precipitated there .
Not only the change of total iron mass , but the transformation of iron chemical speciation was observed during the transfer , which was affected by paddy irrigation management directly .
The long-term irrigation pumping could cause the substantial enrichment of iron in paddy soils and canal sediments , resulting in the increase of potential pollution risk .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The iron concentration in groundwater , irons seasonal migration from groundwater to sun-basked pools , paddy fields and drainage canals , and its distribution in the sediments/soils were observed in the Jiansanjiang Branch Bureau , Heilongjiang Agricultural Cultivation Bureau . The results suggested that the total iron mass concentration of the studied area was ( 1 . 73 +/- 0 . 41 ) mg x L ( -1 ) , ranging from 0 . 01 to 11 . 4 mg x L ( -1 ) , with the variation coefficient of 1 . 29% . The annual iron input mass from groundwater to paddy fields and other surface water bodies was 4 976 . 40 t in 2010 , according to the rice planting area and rating irrigation volume . Dissolved Fe2+ , Fe3+ and iron , as well as the total iron ( dissolved and particle ) had seasonal variation , with greater values presented in June and July . These waterborne irons in paddy field waters were greater than those in sun-basked pools and drainage canals . Obvious enrichment effect was observed in sun-basked pools and paddy fields , with their total iron mass concentrations were 6 . 17 and 21 . 65 times greater than that in groundwater . Either the total iron or iron oxides in sun-baked pool sediments were greater than that in paddy field soils , field canal and main canal sediments . The differences of the total iron and iron oxides in paddy field soils , field canal and main canal sediments were not significantly different . Considerable irons were precipitated within sun-basked pools and paddy fields during the transfer from groundwater to surface water , with a part of irons exporting into canals through drainage and then precipitated there . Not only the change of total iron mass , but the transformation of iron chemical speciation was observed during the transfer , which was affected by paddy irrigation management directly . The long-term irrigation pumping could cause the substantial enrichment of iron in paddy soils and canal sediments , resulting in the increase of potential pollution risk .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Control of grain size , shape and quality by OsSPL16 in rice .
| | Author: Wang S Wu K Yuan Q Liu X Liu Z Lin X Zeng R Zhu H Dong G Qian Q Zhang G Fu X | | Journal: Nat Genet Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22729225 Accession (PMID): 22729225 | | Abstract: Grain size and shape are important components of grain yield and quality and have been under selection since cereals were first domesticated .
Here , we show that a quantitative trait locus GW8 is synonymous with OsSPL16 , which encodes a protein that is a positive regulator of cell proliferation .
Higher expression of this gene promotes cell division and grain filling , with positive consequences for grain width and yield in rice .
Conversely , a loss-of-function mutation in Basmati rice is associated with the formation of a more slender grain and better quality of appearance .
The correlation between grain size and allelic variation at the GW8 locus suggests that mutations within the promoter region were likely selected in rice breeding programs .
We also show that a marker-assisted strategy targeted at elite alleles of GS3 and OsSPL16 underlying grain size and shape can be effectively used to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Grain size and shape are important components of grain yield and quality and have been under selection since cereals were first domesticated . Here , we show that a quantitative trait locus GW8 is synonymous with OsSPL16 , which encodes a protein that is a positive regulator of cell proliferation . Higher expression of this gene promotes cell division and grain filling , with positive consequences for grain width and yield in rice . Conversely , a loss-of-function mutation in Basmati rice is associated with the formation of a more slender grain and better quality of appearance . The correlation between grain size and allelic variation at the GW8 locus suggests that mutations within the promoter region were likely selected in rice breeding programs . We also show that a marker-assisted strategy targeted at elite alleles of GS3 and OsSPL16 underlying grain size and shape can be effectively used to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield .
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| Title: A combined approach for improving alkaline acetyl xylan esterase production in Pichia pastoris , and effects of glycosylation on enzyme secretion , activity and stability .
| | Author: Tian B Chen Y Ding S | | Journal: Protein Expr Purif Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22750674 Accession (PMID): 22750674 | | Abstract: High level expression of axe1 , a gene previously cloned from Volvariella volvacea that encodes an acetyl xylan esterase with two potential N-linked glycosylation sites , has been achieved in Pichia pastoris using a codon-optimized axe1 synthesized by the primer extension PCR procedure .
The GC content of the codon-optimized axe1 was 48 . 62% compared with 55 . 49% in the native gene .
Using the codon-optimized construct , AXE1 expression in P pastoris was increased from an undetectable level to 136 . 45U/ml six days after induction of yeast cultures grown in BMMY medium .
A further increase ( to 463U/ml ) was achieved when conditions for yeast culture were optimized as follows : 2 . 8% methanol , 0 . 63% casamino acids , and pH 8 . 0 .
This latter value represented a 3 . 4-fold and 246-fold increase in the enzyme levels recorded in non-optimized P pastoris cultures and in rice straw-grown cultures of V volvacea , respectively .
N-linked glycosylation played an essential role in AXE1 secretion but had only a slight effect on the catalytic activity and stability of the recombinant enzyme .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: High level expression of axe1 , a gene previously cloned from Volvariella volvacea that encodes an acetyl xylan esterase with two potential N-linked glycosylation sites , has been achieved in Pichia pastoris using a codon-optimized axe1 synthesized by the primer extension PCR procedure . The GC content of the codon-optimized axe1 was 48 . 62% compared with 55 . 49% in the native gene . Using the codon-optimized construct , AXE1 expression in P pastoris was increased from an undetectable level to 136 . 45U/ml six days after induction of yeast cultures grown in BMMY medium . A further increase ( to 463U/ml ) was achieved when conditions for yeast culture were optimized as follows : 2 . 8% methanol , 0 . 63% casamino acids , and pH 8 . 0 . This latter value represented a 3 . 4-fold and 246-fold increase in the enzyme levels recorded in non-optimized P pastoris cultures and in rice straw-grown cultures of V volvacea , respectively . N-linked glycosylation played an essential role in AXE1 secretion but had only a slight effect on the catalytic activity and stability of the recombinant enzyme .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Gold-FISH : A new approach for the in situ detection of single microbial cells combining fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy .
| | Author: Schmidt H Eickhorst T Mussmann M | | Journal: Syst Appl Microbiol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22770611 Accession (PMID): 22770611 | | Abstract: A novel fluorescence in situ hybridisation ( FISH ) method is presented that allows the combination of epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) to identify single microbial cells .
First , the rRNA of whole cells is hybridised with horseradish peroxidase-labelled oligonucleotide probes and this is followed by catalysed reporter deposition ( CARD ) of biotinylated tyramides .
This facilitates an amplification of binding sites for streptavidin conjugates covalently labelled with both fluorophores and nanogold particles .
The deposition of Alexa Fluor 488 fluoro-nanogold-streptavidin conjugates was confirmed via epifluorescence microscopy and cells could be quantified in a similar way to standard CARD-FISH approaches .
To detect cells by SEM , an autometallographic enhancement of the nanogold particles was essential , and allowed the in situ localisation of the target organisms at resolutions beyond light microscopy .
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ( EDS ) was used to verify the effects of CARD and autometallography on gold deposition in target cells .
The gold-FISH protocol was developed and optimised using pure cultures and environmental samples , such as rice roots and marine sediments .
The combination of epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy provides a promising tool for investigating microorganisms at levels of high resolution .
Correlative characterisation of physicochemical properties by EDS will allow for the analysis of microbe-surface interactions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: A novel fluorescence in situ hybridisation ( FISH ) method is presented that allows the combination of epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) to identify single microbial cells . First , the rRNA of whole cells is hybridised with horseradish peroxidase-labelled oligonucleotide probes and this is followed by catalysed reporter deposition ( CARD ) of biotinylated tyramides . This facilitates an amplification of binding sites for streptavidin conjugates covalently labelled with both fluorophores and nanogold particles . The deposition of Alexa Fluor 488 fluoro-nanogold-streptavidin conjugates was confirmed via epifluorescence microscopy and cells could be quantified in a similar way to standard CARD-FISH approaches . To detect cells by SEM , an autometallographic enhancement of the nanogold particles was essential , and allowed the in situ localisation of the target organisms at resolutions beyond light microscopy . Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ( EDS ) was used to verify the effects of CARD and autometallography on gold deposition in target cells . The gold-FISH protocol was developed and optimised using pure cultures and environmental samples , such as rice roots and marine sediments . The combination of epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy provides a promising tool for investigating microorganisms at levels of high resolution . Correlative characterisation of physicochemical properties by EDS will allow for the analysis of microbe-surface interactions .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Loss of carbofuran from rice paddy water : chemical and physical factors .
| | Author: Seiber JN .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub25291 Accession (PMID): 25291 | | Abstract: The loss of carbofuran was studied from rice paddy water treated with a granular formulation of the insecticide , and from ponds filled with drainage from the paddy .
The average half-life ( t 1/2 ) for carbofuran loss was 57 hr .
Controlled experiments indicated that pH was the predominating factor governing carbofuran loss from water in the environment studied .
The loss due to hydrolysis was over 700 times more rapid at pH ( t 1/2 = 1 . 2 hr . ) than at pH ( t 1/2 = 864 hr . ) in buffered deionized water .
The average pH of the rice paddy was 8 , but diurnal fluctuations of 7 to 9 . 5 are common in similar environments .
Impurities in the water , sunlight , and temperature influence the rate of carbofuran loss but not nearly so much as pH .
There was no evidence for significant loss due to evaporation or oxidation .
The results have important implications for the duration of the insecticides activity and the effect on fish within or downstream from treated paddies . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The loss of carbofuran was studied from rice paddy water treated with a granular formulation of the insecticide , and from ponds filled with drainage from the paddy . The average half-life ( t 1/2 ) for carbofuran loss was 57 hr . Controlled experiments indicated that pH was the predominating factor governing carbofuran loss from water in the environment studied . The loss due to hydrolysis was over 700 times more rapid at pH ( t 1/2 = 1 . 2 hr . ) than at pH ( t 1/2 = 864 hr . ) in buffered deionized water . The average pH of the rice paddy was 8 , but diurnal fluctuations of 7 to 9 . 5 are common in similar environments . Impurities in the water , sunlight , and temperature influence the rate of carbofuran loss but not nearly so much as pH . There was no evidence for significant loss due to evaporation or oxidation . The results have important implications for the duration of the insecticides activity and the effect on fish within or downstream from treated paddies .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Snake venoms in science and clinical medicine .
1 .
Russells viper : biology , venom and treatment of bites .
| | Author: Warrell DA .
| | Journal: Trans .
R Soc . Trop . Med . Hyg . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2533418 Accession (PMID): 2533418 | | Abstract: Russells viper , Vipera russelli ( Shaw ) , is distributed erratically in 10 south Asian countries and is a leading cause of fatal snake bite in Pakistan , India , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka , Burma and Thailand .
In Burma it has been the 5th most important cause of death .
Its venom is of great interest to laboratory scientists and clinicians .
The precoagulant activity of the venom was used by Macfarlane and others to elucidate the human clotting cascade .
Up to 70% of the protein content is phospholipase A2 , present in the form of at least 7 isoenzymes .
Possible clinical effects of the enzyme include haemolysis , rhabdomyolysis , pre-synaptic neurotoxicity , vasodilatation and shock , release of endogenous autacoids and interaction with monoamine receptors .
Russells viper bite is an occupational hazard of rice farmers throughout its geographical range .
Defibrination , spontaneous haemorrhage , shock and renal failure develop with frightening rapidity .
In several countries , Russells viper bite is the commonest cause of acute renal failure .
There is a fascinating geographical variation in the clinical manifestations , doubtless reflecting differences in venom composition .
Conjunctival oedema is unique to Burma , acute pituitary infarction to Burma and south India , and rhabdomyolysis and neurotoxicity to Sri Lanka and south India .
Treatment with potent specific antivenom rapidly controls bleeding and clotting disorders , but may not reverse nephrotoxicity and shock .
Causes of death include shock , pituitary and intracranial haemorrhage , massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute tubular necrosis or bilateral renal cortical necrosis .
The paddy farmer and the Russells viper coexist in fragile symbiosis .
The snake controls rodent pests but inevitably interacts with man , often with mutually disastrous results .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Russells viper , Vipera russelli ( Shaw ) , is distributed erratically in 10 south Asian countries and is a leading cause of fatal snake bite in Pakistan , India , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka , Burma and Thailand . In Burma it has been the 5th most important cause of death . Its venom is of great interest to laboratory scientists and clinicians . The precoagulant activity of the venom was used by Macfarlane and others to elucidate the human clotting cascade . Up to 70% of the protein content is phospholipase A2 , present in the form of at least 7 isoenzymes . Possible clinical effects of the enzyme include haemolysis , rhabdomyolysis , pre-synaptic neurotoxicity , vasodilatation and shock , release of endogenous autacoids and interaction with monoamine receptors . Russells viper bite is an occupational hazard of rice farmers throughout its geographical range . Defibrination , spontaneous haemorrhage , shock and renal failure develop with frightening rapidity . In several countries , Russells viper bite is the commonest cause of acute renal failure . There is a fascinating geographical variation in the clinical manifestations , doubtless reflecting differences in venom composition . Conjunctival oedema is unique to Burma , acute pituitary infarction to Burma and south India , and rhabdomyolysis and neurotoxicity to Sri Lanka and south India . Treatment with potent specific antivenom rapidly controls bleeding and clotting disorders , but may not reverse nephrotoxicity and shock . Causes of death include shock , pituitary and intracranial haemorrhage , massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute tubular necrosis or bilateral renal cortical necrosis . The paddy farmer and the Russells viper coexist in fragile symbiosis . The snake controls rodent pests but inevitably interacts with man , often with mutually disastrous results .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Ecdysteroid mediated fat body acid phosphatase activity during larval development of rice moth , Corcyra cephalonica ( Lepidoptera ) .
| | Author: Ashok M Dutta-Gupta A | | Journal: Biochem . Int . Year: 1988 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3245841 Accession (PMID): 3245841 | | Abstract: 20-hydroxyecdysone ( 20-HE ) stimulates acid phosphatase activity in the fat body of ligated late-last instar larvae .
This effect is time dependent and the specific activity of enzyme increases significantly in hormone treated insects .
20-HE also stimulates general protein synthesis .
Cycloheximide treatment either in conjunction with 20-HE or after hormone treatment blocks the increase in enzyme activity as well as increase in protein content .
However , actinomycin D treatment does not alter the enzyme activity while it blocks the increase in total RNA as well as increase in protein content .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: 20-hydroxyecdysone ( 20-HE ) stimulates acid phosphatase activity in the fat body of ligated late-last instar larvae . This effect is time dependent and the specific activity of enzyme increases significantly in hormone treated insects . 20-HE also stimulates general protein synthesis . Cycloheximide treatment either in conjunction with 20-HE or after hormone treatment blocks the increase in enzyme activity as well as increase in protein content . However , actinomycin D treatment does not alter the enzyme activity while it blocks the increase in total RNA as well as increase in protein content .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Hydrogen isotope effect on transport of potassium ion in rice seedlings equilibrated with deuterium oxide .
| | Author: Shibabe S Yoda K | | Journal: Radioisotopes Year: 1984 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6097951 Accession (PMID): 6097951 | | Abstract: Potassium absorption by the root of rice seedlings , equilibrated with D2O before K+-absorption , decreased proportionally with D2O concentration and the translocation of the absorbed cations by roots to shoots decreased markedly above 40% D2O .
An inhibition curve for the absorption process drawn as a relative rate vs D2O concentration exhibits no threshold in concentration of D2O .
While K+-absorption of the seedlings unequilibrated with D2O did not change up to 60% D2O and decreased above 80% .
The concentration of D2O of root it issue water reached a balance with the external concentration within 30 min , but the concentration of shoot water required 5-6 h to balance with the external The concentration of both root and shoot water did not coincide with the external The suppressive effect of D2O on potassium absorption links not only to D/H ratio in root water but also in shoot water . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Potassium absorption by the root of rice seedlings , equilibrated with D2O before K+-absorption , decreased proportionally with D2O concentration and the translocation of the absorbed cations by roots to shoots decreased markedly above 40% D2O . An inhibition curve for the absorption process drawn as a relative rate vs D2O concentration exhibits no threshold in concentration of D2O . While K+-absorption of the seedlings unequilibrated with D2O did not change up to 60% D2O and decreased above 80% . The concentration of D2O of root it issue water reached a balance with the external concentration within 30 min , but the concentration of shoot water required 5-6 h to balance with the external The concentration of both root and shoot water did not coincide with the external The suppressive effect of D2O on potassium absorption links not only to D/H ratio in root water but also in shoot water .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Factors affecting the rate of hydrolysis of starch in food .
| | Author: Snow P ODea K | | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Year: 1981 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6172034 Accession (PMID): 6172034 | | Abstract: After accurate determination of the content of available carbohydrate in a wide variety of cereals , as in vitro method was used to study factors that influence hydrolysis rates of starch in foods .
Fiber , physical form , cooking , and the possible presence of a natural amylase inhibitor were all shown to affect hydrolysis rates of starch .
Fiber only exerted an inhibiting effect on the rate of hydrolysis when it formed a physical barrier to limit access of the hydrolytic enzymes to the starch ( as in whole brown rice , for example ) .
Particle size played an important role in determining the rate of hydrolysis .
Cooking made the starch much more readily available for enzymic hydrolysis presumably by gelatinizing it .
Stoneground wholemeal flour was hydrolyzed more slowly than white flour .
This is consistent with the presence of a natural amylase inhibitor that has been isolated from wheat germ in the whole grain .
Our results suggest that such amylase inhibitor activity is destroyed by passage through the roller mill , since the starch in wheat germ and standard wholemeal flour ( ie , not stoneground but reconstituted after passage through the roller mill ) was hydrolyzed at a rate identical to white flour . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: After accurate determination of the content of available carbohydrate in a wide variety of cereals , as in vitro method was used to study factors that influence hydrolysis rates of starch in foods . Fiber , physical form , cooking , and the possible presence of a natural amylase inhibitor were all shown to affect hydrolysis rates of starch . Fiber only exerted an inhibiting effect on the rate of hydrolysis when it formed a physical barrier to limit access of the hydrolytic enzymes to the starch ( as in whole brown rice , for example ) . Particle size played an important role in determining the rate of hydrolysis . Cooking made the starch much more readily available for enzymic hydrolysis presumably by gelatinizing it . Stoneground wholemeal flour was hydrolyzed more slowly than white flour . This is consistent with the presence of a natural amylase inhibitor that has been isolated from wheat germ in the whole grain . Our results suggest that such amylase inhibitor activity is destroyed by passage through the roller mill , since the starch in wheat germ and standard wholemeal flour ( ie , not stoneground but reconstituted after passage through the roller mill ) was hydrolyzed at a rate identical to white flour .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Mycotoxins produced from fungi isolated from foodstuffs and soil : comparison of toxicity in fibroblasts and rat feeding tests .
| | Author: Abbas HK Mirocha CJ Shier WT .
| | Journal: Appl . Environ . Microbiol . Year: 1984 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6541890 Accession (PMID): 6541890 | | Abstract: Thirty-nine isolates of fungi obtained from foodstuffs and soil samples from various parts of the world have been identified .
The isolates were grown on a solid rice medium , and extracts were prepared with 50% aqueous methanol .
The extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems : ( i ) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts ( proliferating and nonproliferating ) and mouse fibroblasts ; ( ii ) skin toxicity after topical application on rats ; and ( iii ) rat feeding tests in which rats were examined for death , overt pathological effects including congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , weight loss , food refusal , and uterine growth .
Sixteen culture extracts were highly toxic as indicated by death , congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , and net weight loss .
One half of the isolates were highly cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 0 . 01 to 5 micrograms/ml ) as indicated by the ability to cause death and disintegration of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts and human diploid skin fibroblasts during 3 to 4 days in culture .
The remainder were moderately cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 5 to 250 micrograms/ml ) .
Four culture extracts were highly toxic by some clinical criteria but did not cause congestion and hemorrhage of it issues and were weakly cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 250 to 5 , 000 micrograms/ml ) .
Six culture extracts exhibited moderate toxicity ( weight loss only ) and low cytotoxicity ( 50% lethal concentration , 3 , 000 to 50 , 000 micrograms/ml ) .
Four culture extracts caused uterine enlargement as the major clinical sign , suggesting the presence of zearalenone .
Eleven culture extracts were weakly cytotoxic and caused no major clinical signs , except skin toxicity in two extracts . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thirty-nine isolates of fungi obtained from foodstuffs and soil samples from various parts of the world have been identified . The isolates were grown on a solid rice medium , and extracts were prepared with 50% aqueous methanol . The extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems : ( i ) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts ( proliferating and nonproliferating ) and mouse fibroblasts ; ( ii ) skin toxicity after topical application on rats ; and ( iii ) rat feeding tests in which rats were examined for death , overt pathological effects including congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , weight loss , food refusal , and uterine growth . Sixteen culture extracts were highly toxic as indicated by death , congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , and net weight loss . One half of the isolates were highly cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 0 . 01 to 5 micrograms/ml ) as indicated by the ability to cause death and disintegration of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts and human diploid skin fibroblasts during 3 to 4 days in culture . The remainder were moderately cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 5 to 250 micrograms/ml ) . Four culture extracts were highly toxic by some clinical criteria but did not cause congestion and hemorrhage of it issues and were weakly cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 250 to 5 , 000 micrograms/ml ) . Six culture extracts exhibited moderate toxicity ( weight loss only ) and low cytotoxicity ( 50% lethal concentration , 3 , 000 to 50 , 000 micrograms/ml ) . Four culture extracts caused uterine enlargement as the major clinical sign , suggesting the presence of zearalenone . Eleven culture extracts were weakly cytotoxic and caused no major clinical signs , except skin toxicity in two extracts . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31 .
| | Author: Hurst A Hughes A | | Journal: J Appl . Bacteriol . Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6619020 Accession (PMID): 6619020 | | Abstract: The upper limiting temperature of growth of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in heart infusion broth ( HI ) was about 44 degrees C but addition of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) and soy sauce permitted the organism to grow above this temperature .
This effect is similar to that of NaCl .
Tomato ketchup , Worcestershire and HP sauces added to HI did not allow growth at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C but death was delayed .
Staphylococcus aureus died in unsupplemented chicken meat slurry at 46 degrees C but grew at 48 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and survived incubation for 18 h at 50 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and 5% MSG .
Cultures grown at 37 degrees C had a D60 value of 2 min in 50 mmol/l Tris ( pH 7 . 2 ) buffer .
Cultures grown at 46 degrees C in HI containing 5 . 8% NaCl had a D60 value of 8 min in Tris buffer .
Addition of 5 . 8% NaCl plus 5% MSG to the buffer increased the D60 by a factor of about 7 for both cultures .
In storage experiments at room temperature , the culture grown at 37 degrees C and at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl died at about the same rate in salami .
In milk powder , however , the count of 37 degrees C culture decreased from 10% g to 10 ( 6 ) /g in 5 weeks while the count of 46 degrees C culture remained unchanged .
In cottage cheese , freeze-dried rice and macaroni , the 37 degrees C cultures also died more rapidly .
It is suggested that cultures grown at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl may be suitable for experiments with artificially contaminated foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The upper limiting temperature of growth of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in heart infusion broth ( HI ) was about 44 degrees C but addition of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) and soy sauce permitted the organism to grow above this temperature . This effect is similar to that of NaCl . Tomato ketchup , Worcestershire and HP sauces added to HI did not allow growth at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C but death was delayed . Staphylococcus aureus died in unsupplemented chicken meat slurry at 46 degrees C but grew at 48 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and survived incubation for 18 h at 50 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and 5% MSG . Cultures grown at 37 degrees C had a D60 value of 2 min in 50 mmol/l Tris ( pH 7 . 2 ) buffer . Cultures grown at 46 degrees C in HI containing 5 . 8% NaCl had a D60 value of 8 min in Tris buffer . Addition of 5 . 8% NaCl plus 5% MSG to the buffer increased the D60 by a factor of about 7 for both cultures . In storage experiments at room temperature , the culture grown at 37 degrees C and at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl died at about the same rate in salami . In milk powder , however , the count of 37 degrees C culture decreased from 10% g to 10 ( 6 ) /g in 5 weeks while the count of 46 degrees C culture remained unchanged . In cottage cheese , freeze-dried rice and macaroni , the 37 degrees C cultures also died more rapidly . It is suggested that cultures grown at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl may be suitable for experiments with artificially contaminated foods .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability .
| | Author: Tulpule A Krishnaswamy K | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6678753 Accession (PMID): 6678753 | | Abstract: The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers .
Chloroquine ( 600 mg base ) was administered orally in two circumstances : on empty stomach and along with a rice-based breakfast Timed blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma concentrations of the drug .
The results suggest that the area under the concentration curve ( AUC0-12 ) and peak plasma levels are significantly higher when chloroquine is administered along with food , though the rate of absorption is not different .
It appears , therefore , that a rice-based meal facilitates chloroquine absorption , thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers . Chloroquine ( 600 mg base ) was administered orally in two circumstances : on empty stomach and along with a rice-based breakfast Timed blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma concentrations of the drug . The results suggest that the area under the concentration curve ( AUC0-12 ) and peak plasma levels are significantly higher when chloroquine is administered along with food , though the rate of absorption is not different . It appears , therefore , that a rice-based meal facilitates chloroquine absorption , thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cholesterolemic responses of rats to human-type diet ingredients .
| | Author: OBrien BC Reiser R | | Journal: J Nutr .
Year: 1982 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7097359 Accession (PMID): 7097359 | | Abstract: The average serum cholesterol level of rats fed a human-type diet that contained 28% ( wt/wt ) beef fat and 0 . 5% added cholesterol and that was low in non-digestible constituents was lower than that of rats fed an equivalent diet prepared from purified ingredients , 94 mg/dl and 163 mg/dl , respectively .
In order to identify the hypocholesterolemic ingredients in the human-type diet , the sources of protein and carbohydrate in the purified diet , casein and cornstarch , were substituted for the corresponding sources in the human-type diet , beef tenderloin , bread , and rice .
These prepared diets were fed to female Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 weeks .
Diets containing casein were hypercholesterolemic compared to stock rat diet , but rats fed the bread with the casein had the lowest serum cholesterol level , 112 mg/dl , of any casein diet group .
The cholesterolemic response of rats fed the beef and bread diet was the same as that of stock-fed rats , 94 mg/dl and 86 mg/dl , respectively .
The level of cholesterol in the liver of rats fed the beef and bread diet was lower than that of rats fed the purified diet , 7 . 7 mg/g and 28 . 5 mg/g , respectively , but it was higher than that of rats fed the stock diet , 3 . 8 mg/g .
The hypocholesterolemic effect of beef and bread may be related to reduced cholesterol absorption .
These data demonstrate the sensitive control on cholesterol metabolism of nonlipid diet ingredients .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The average serum cholesterol level of rats fed a human-type diet that contained 28% ( wt/wt ) beef fat and 0 . 5% added cholesterol and that was low in non-digestible constituents was lower than that of rats fed an equivalent diet prepared from purified ingredients , 94 mg/dl and 163 mg/dl , respectively . In order to identify the hypocholesterolemic ingredients in the human-type diet , the sources of protein and carbohydrate in the purified diet , casein and cornstarch , were substituted for the corresponding sources in the human-type diet , beef tenderloin , bread , and rice . These prepared diets were fed to female Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 weeks . Diets containing casein were hypercholesterolemic compared to stock rat diet , but rats fed the bread with the casein had the lowest serum cholesterol level , 112 mg/dl , of any casein diet group . The cholesterolemic response of rats fed the beef and bread diet was the same as that of stock-fed rats , 94 mg/dl and 86 mg/dl , respectively . The level of cholesterol in the liver of rats fed the beef and bread diet was lower than that of rats fed the purified diet , 7 . 7 mg/g and 28 . 5 mg/g , respectively , but it was higher than that of rats fed the stock diet , 3 . 8 mg/g . The hypocholesterolemic effect of beef and bread may be related to reduced cholesterol absorption . These data demonstrate the sensitive control on cholesterol metabolism of nonlipid diet ingredients .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: IgE antibody levels to ingested soya protein determined in a normal adult population .
| | Author: Goodwin BF .
| | Journal: Clin .
Allergy Year: 1982 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7199975 Accession (PMID): 7199975 | | Abstract: Levels of soy protein-specific IgE were measured in a normal adult population ( seventy-four males , and fifteen females ) who ingested soya-containing and control diets during two 4-week periods .
Increases in soya-specific IgE were observed for some individuals following ingestion of the soya-containing diet , and for the female group the increase in soya-specific IgE was statistically significant ( P = 0 . 02 ) .
The increase of soya-specific IgE was small and led to lower levels than that associated with adverse effects .
The increase in soya-specific IgE in the female group was accompanied by a significant increase ( P = 0 . 02 ) in total immunoglobulin A Changes in the level of soy-specific haemagglutinating antibody , soya-specific IgG , IgA and IgM as measured by ELISA and the immunoconglutinin titre could not be related to ingestion of the soya-containing diet . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Levels of soy protein-specific IgE were measured in a normal adult population ( seventy-four males , and fifteen females ) who ingested soya-containing and control diets during two 4-week periods . Increases in soya-specific IgE were observed for some individuals following ingestion of the soya-containing diet , and for the female group the increase in soya-specific IgE was statistically significant ( P = 0 . 02 ) . The increase of soya-specific IgE was small and led to lower levels than that associated with adverse effects . The increase in soya-specific IgE in the female group was accompanied by a significant increase ( P = 0 . 02 ) in total immunoglobulin A Changes in the level of soy-specific haemagglutinating antibody , soya-specific IgG , IgA and IgM as measured by ELISA and the immunoconglutinin titre could not be related to ingestion of the soya-containing diet .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: In vitro biopharmaceutical investigation of antacid activity in standard dissolution test apparatus .
| | Author: Plachy J Antal I Rcz I Kulcsr-Molnr Z Muskth Z | | Journal: Year: 1995 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7725926 Accession (PMID): 7725926 | | Abstract: The pH stat titration and the Rossett-Rice test used especially for the reaction kinetical and in vitro biopharmaceutical investigation of antacids were standardized applying the USP Dissolution Test Apparatus with paddle stirring element .
The developed "artificial stomach" is suitable to simulate also the gastric emptying .
The in vitro model may give a new alternative for the in vitro evaluation of antacid effectiveness , because this standardized method may perfectly eliminate the deficiencies of the earlier test prescriptions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The pH stat titration and the Rossett-Rice test used especially for the reaction kinetical and in vitro biopharmaceutical investigation of antacids were standardized applying the USP Dissolution Test Apparatus with paddle stirring element . The developed "artificial stomach" is suitable to simulate also the gastric emptying . The in vitro model may give a new alternative for the in vitro evaluation of antacid effectiveness , because this standardized method may perfectly eliminate the deficiencies of the earlier test prescriptions .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Digestibility of carbohydrates from rice- , oat and wheat-based ready-to-eat breakfast cereals in children .
| | Author: Brighenti F Casiraghi MC Ciappellano S Crovetti R Testolin G | | Journal: Year: 1994 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8001518 Accession (PMID): 8001518 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To study the effect of the presence and quality of dietary fibre in ready-to-eat ( RTE ) breakfast cereals on completeness of carbohydrate digestion in children and on starch susceptibility to alpha-amylase in vitro .
DESIGN : A controlled intervention study .
SUBJECTS : Eight 3-8-year-old healthy children .
INTERVENTIONS : Completeness of digestion was evaluated by assessing the amount of carbohydrates apparently fermented into the colon using the breath-H2 technique after consumption in random order , of five breakfast tests containing boiled rice ( either alone or supplemented with 3 g of lactulose ) as reference food , or RTE cereals based on rice ( low-fibre ) , wheat ( high insoluble fibre ) and oats ( high-soluble fibre ) .
The potential glycaemic impact of the products was estimated in vitro by assessing starch susceptibility to alpha-amylolysis using an enzymatic-dialysis method .
RESULTS : Compared to boiled rice and to rice-based RTE cereal , wheat and oat-based RTE cereals both significantly ( P < 0 . 05 ) increased the amount of apparently fermented carbohydrates ( +1 . 1 +/- 1 . 7% of total breakfast carbohydrate fermented for rice , +5 . 6 +/- 0 . 9% for wheat and +9 . 4 +/- 3 . 7% for oats ; mean +/- SEM ) , calculated using the excess H2 in breath after lactulose as standard .
All products showed similar in vitro digestibility , resulting in estimated glycaemic indexes of 117 . 5 ( 24 . 0 ) for rice , and 105 . 7 ( 14 . 1 ) for oats-based , 128 . 4 ( 17 . 6 ) for wheat-based , and 129 . 8 ( 16 . 6 ) [ mean 95% CI ) ] for rice-based RTE cereals .
CONCLUSIONS : Results suggest that the presence of fibre in RTE breakfast cereals , in particular soluble fibre , increases colonic fermentation in children whereas it seems not to affect glucose availability . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To study the effect of the presence and quality of dietary fibre in ready-to-eat ( RTE ) breakfast cereals on completeness of carbohydrate digestion in children and on starch susceptibility to alpha-amylase in vitro . DESIGN : A controlled intervention study . SUBJECTS : Eight 3-8-year-old healthy children . INTERVENTIONS : Completeness of digestion was evaluated by assessing the amount of carbohydrates apparently fermented into the colon using the breath-H2 technique after consumption in random order , of five breakfast tests containing boiled rice ( either alone or supplemented with 3 g of lactulose ) as reference food , or RTE cereals based on rice ( low-fibre ) , wheat ( high insoluble fibre ) and oats ( high-soluble fibre ) . The potential glycaemic impact of the products was estimated in vitro by assessing starch susceptibility to alpha-amylolysis using an enzymatic-dialysis method . RESULTS : Compared to boiled rice and to rice-based RTE cereal , wheat and oat-based RTE cereals both significantly ( P < 0 . 05 ) increased the amount of apparently fermented carbohydrates ( +1 . 1 +/- 1 . 7% of total breakfast carbohydrate fermented for rice , +5 . 6 +/- 0 . 9% for wheat and +9 . 4 +/- 3 . 7% for oats ; mean +/- SEM ) , calculated using the excess H2 in breath after lactulose as standard . All products showed similar in vitro digestibility , resulting in estimated glycaemic indexes of 117 . 5 ( 24 . 0 ) for rice , and 105 . 7 ( 14 . 1 ) for oats-based , 128 . 4 ( 17 . 6 ) for wheat-based , and 129 . 8 ( 16 . 6 ) [ mean 95% CI ) ] for rice-based RTE cereals . CONCLUSIONS : Results suggest that the presence of fibre in RTE breakfast cereals , in particular soluble fibre , increases colonic fermentation in children whereas it seems not to affect glucose availability .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Studies on the ileum-contracting mechanisms and identification as a complement C3a receptor agonist of oryzatensin , a bioactive peptide derived from rice albumin .
| | Author: Takahashi M Moriguchi S Ikeno M Kono S Ohata K Usui H Kurahashi K Sasaki R Yoshikawa M | | Journal: Peptides Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8822503 Accession (PMID): 8822503 | | Abstract: Oryzatensin ( Gly-Tyr-Pro-Met-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro-Arg ) is an ileum-contracting and immunostimulating peptide derived from rice albumin .
The mechanisms for the ileal contraction that it induces , consisting of rapid and slow components , were examined .
The rapid contraction was mediated by histamine release and the slow contraction by a prostaglandin E2-like substance , judging from the effects of various pharmacological inhibitors and antagonists on ileal contraction and titration of histamine release .
The contractile profile was very similar to that of human complement C3a ( 70-77 ) , which is the COOH-terminal octapeptide of C3a and has , although less potent , qualitatively the same biological activities as C3a .
Oryzatensin showed homology with C3a ( 70-77 ) and affinity for C3a receptors ( IC50 = 44 microM ) by radioreceptor assay .
This is the first report of a food-derived bioactive peptide acting through complement C3a receptors . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Oryzatensin ( Gly-Tyr-Pro-Met-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro-Arg ) is an ileum-contracting and immunostimulating peptide derived from rice albumin . The mechanisms for the ileal contraction that it induces , consisting of rapid and slow components , were examined . The rapid contraction was mediated by histamine release and the slow contraction by a prostaglandin E2-like substance , judging from the effects of various pharmacological inhibitors and antagonists on ileal contraction and titration of histamine release . The contractile profile was very similar to that of human complement C3a ( 70-77 ) , which is the COOH-terminal octapeptide of C3a and has , although less potent , qualitatively the same biological activities as C3a . Oryzatensin showed homology with C3a ( 70-77 ) and affinity for C3a receptors ( IC50 = 44 microM ) by radioreceptor assay . This is the first report of a food-derived bioactive peptide acting through complement C3a receptors .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Comparison of alternative buffers for use with a new live oral cholera vaccine , Peru-15 , in outpatient volunteers .
| | Author: Sack DA Shimko J Sack RB Gomes JG MacLeod K OSullivan D Spriggs D | | Journal: Infect . Immun . Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9169739 Accession (PMID): 9169739 | | Abstract: During development of Peru-15 , a new live oral vaccine for cholera , the role of buffer needed to be evaluated .
Generally , oral bacterial vaccines are acid labile and need to be administered by using a formulation which protects them from gastric acid .
We compared three different buffers for use with Peru-15 , including a standard bicarbonate-ascorbic acid buffer , Alka-Seltzer , and a new electrolyte-rice buffer , CeraVacx .
Saline served as the control .
Thirty-nine healthy adult volunteers received Peru-15 ( 10 ( 8 ) CFU ) with one of the three buffers or saline in a double-masked study .
The volunteers were monitored for symptoms for 7 days after the dose , serum was tested for antibody responses by vibriocidal antibody and immunoglobulin G antitoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays , and stool samples were tested for excretion of the vaccine strain .
Side effects were minimal in all groups .
All 30 volunteers who took Peru-15 with a buffer showed significant rises in vibriocidal antibody titer .
The magnitude of the rises was higher in the CeraVacx group than in the other two buffer groups .
Four of nine volunteers who took the vaccine with saline also showed increased titers , but they were lower than those in any of the three buffer groups .
Excretion of the vaccine strain was similar in the buffer groups , but excretion was not associated with the magnitude of the vibriocidal responses .
Excretion of Peru-15 was not detected in the saline group .
We conclude that buffer does amplify the serological response to Peru-15 and that CeraVacx may provide benefits not provided by other buffers .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: During development of Peru-15 , a new live oral vaccine for cholera , the role of buffer needed to be evaluated . Generally , oral bacterial vaccines are acid labile and need to be administered by using a formulation which protects them from gastric acid . We compared three different buffers for use with Peru-15 , including a standard bicarbonate-ascorbic acid buffer , Alka-Seltzer , and a new electrolyte-rice buffer , CeraVacx . Saline served as the control . Thirty-nine healthy adult volunteers received Peru-15 ( 10 ( 8 ) CFU ) with one of the three buffers or saline in a double-masked study . The volunteers were monitored for symptoms for 7 days after the dose , serum was tested for antibody responses by vibriocidal antibody and immunoglobulin G antitoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays , and stool samples were tested for excretion of the vaccine strain . Side effects were minimal in all groups . All 30 volunteers who took Peru-15 with a buffer showed significant rises in vibriocidal antibody titer . The magnitude of the rises was higher in the CeraVacx group than in the other two buffer groups . Four of nine volunteers who took the vaccine with saline also showed increased titers , but they were lower than those in any of the three buffer groups . Excretion of the vaccine strain was similar in the buffer groups , but excretion was not associated with the magnitude of the vibriocidal responses . Excretion of Peru-15 was not detected in the saline group . We conclude that buffer does amplify the serological response to Peru-15 and that CeraVacx may provide benefits not provided by other buffers .
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| Title: Effects of threonine supplementation on the slope assay for protein quality .
| | Author: McLaughlan JM Keith MO .
| | Journal: Year: 1977 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub924931 Accession (PMID): 924931 | | Abstract: Several diets considered to be marginally deficient in threonine were fed to young male rats at protein levels ranging from 3 to 9% .
Protein sources included lactalbumin ( reference standard ) , soy protein with added methionine , pea protein with added methionine , rice-casein , and peanut-sesame-fish .
Chemical scores and plasma amino acid scores indicated that these diets were limiting in threonine at the 3--4% protein level ; increased growth resulted from supplementation with threonine .
After threonine supplementation , all protein sources except pea were limiting in lysine .
Increased growth at low protein levels with little or no extra growth at high protein levels due to threonine supplementation resulted in decreased slopes in the relative protein value ( RPV ) assay .
Consequently , threonine supplementation apparently decreased RPV values for these samples but the protein efficiency ratio was not affected .
It was concluded that the RPV assay underestimates the protein quality of lysine-deficient proteins .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Several diets considered to be marginally deficient in threonine were fed to young male rats at protein levels ranging from 3 to 9% . Protein sources included lactalbumin ( reference standard ) , soy protein with added methionine , pea protein with added methionine , rice-casein , and peanut-sesame-fish . Chemical scores and plasma amino acid scores indicated that these diets were limiting in threonine at the 3--4% protein level ; increased growth resulted from supplementation with threonine . After threonine supplementation , all protein sources except pea were limiting in lysine . Increased growth at low protein levels with little or no extra growth at high protein levels due to threonine supplementation resulted in decreased slopes in the relative protein value ( RPV ) assay . Consequently , threonine supplementation apparently decreased RPV values for these samples but the protein efficiency ratio was not affected . It was concluded that the RPV assay underestimates the protein quality of lysine-deficient proteins .
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| Title: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
| | Author: Kim HM Kang CS Lee EH Shin TY .
| | Journal: Pharmacol . Res . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10378987 Accession (PMID): 10378987 | | Abstract: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis .
OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats .
When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner .
OSHT ( 0 .
001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
The level of cAMP in RPMC , when OSHT was added , significantly increased approx .
20-fold compared with that of basal cells .
These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
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| Title: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture : an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?
| | Author: Chameides WL Yu H Liu SC Bergin M Zhou X Mearns L Wang G Kiang CS Saylor RD Luo C Huang Y Steiner A Giorgi F | | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10570123 Accession (PMID): 10570123 | | Abstract: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed .
The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance .
Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China .
The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution .
Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions .
Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat .
Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% .
Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture : an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?
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| Title: Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents .
I Effects on bird performance and toe ash .
| | Author: Cabahug S Ravindran V Selle PH Bryden WL .
| | Journal: Br . Poult . Sci . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10670679 Accession (PMID): 10670679 | | Abstract: 1 .
Seven-day old male broilers ( n=900 ) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid ( 10 . 4 , 13 . 2 and 15 . 7 g/kg ; equivalent to 2 . 9 , 3 . 7 and 4 . 4 g/kg phytate phosphorus ) , 2 of non-phytate phosphorus ( 2 . 3 and 4 . 5 g/kg ) and 3 of microbial phytase ( Natuphos 5000 L ; 0 , 400 and 800 FTU/kg ) in a 19-d trial The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard .
2 .
Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens ( 10 birds/pen ) from 7 to 25 d of age .
Records of body weight , food intake and mortality were maintained .
On d 25 , all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements .
3 .
Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain , food intake and food/gain .
These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase .
4 .
Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions .
5 .
Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction .
Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction .
6 .
In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg .
7 .
The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents . I Effects on bird performance and toe ash .
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| Title: Effects of light on the photosynthetic apparatus and a novel type of degradation of the photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes under darkness .
| | Author: Yamazaki JY Kamimura Y Nakayama K Okada M Sugimura Y | | Journal: J Photochem . Photobiol . B , Biol .
Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10877065 Accession (PMID): 10877065 | | Abstract: A novel type of degradation of photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes has been observed in rice leaves under darkness in the present study .
Photosynthesis , chlorophyll content , the chlorophyll a/b ratio , and relative amounts of ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase decrease during dark treatment .
The levels of photosystem II reaction-center complex and cytochrome f on the basis of units of chlorophyll also decline rapidly under darkness .
In contrast , the levels of photosystem I reaction-center complex remain stable under darkness for six days .
Low-temperature fluorescence emission spectra ascribed to photosystem I antennae clearly show a blue shift .
A similar shift is also observed in the photosystem I complexes resolved with dodecyl maltoside-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Moreover , polypeptide analysis of the thylakoids and photosystem I complexes isolated from the green gels shows that some polypeptides originating from photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes disappear during the dark treatment .
A curve-fitting method also displays remarkable changes in the chlorophyll components between the light and dark treatments .
It is likely that these results indicate the disconnection/disassembly of the photosystem I antenna as well as the photosystem II complexes induced by dark treatment .
Moreover , these findings also imply the existence of different degradation mechanisms for the photosystem I and II complexes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of light on the photosynthetic apparatus and a novel type of degradation of the photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes under darkness .
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| Title: Quantitative structure-activity studies of insect growth regulators : XVIII .
Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata .
| | Author: Nakagawa Y Smagghe G Van Paemel M Tirry L Fujita T | | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11561414 Accession (PMID): 11561414 | | Abstract: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted .
The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures .
The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported .
Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity .
The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds .
Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound .
Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quantitative structure-activity studies of insect growth regulators : XVIII . Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata .
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| Title: Pregrowth-desiccation : a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) embryogenic suspension cells .
| | Author: Zhang YX Wang JH Bian HW Zhu MY .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11788862 Accession (PMID): 11788862 | | Abstract: Rice embryogenic suspension cells were successfully cryopreserved by a pregrowth-desiccation procedure .
Cells were precultured in liquid AA medium containing 0 . 175 mol/L sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid AA medium containing 0 . 4 mol/L sorbitol for 1 d .
After air-drying for about 20 h to a water content of 10% , the cells were placed into cryotubes and quenched into liquid nitrogen .
Using this pregrowth-desiccation procedure , a survival rate of 96+/-6% ( TTC reduction assay ) or 100% ( cell clump regrowth ) was achieved .
Cryostored cells revived very quickly during the recovery culture and they retained the ability to regenerate fertile plants .
In conclusion , air-drying , a method usually employed in cryopreservation of seeds or shoot tips , can be used as a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of precultured rice suspension cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pregrowth-desiccation : a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) embryogenic suspension cells .
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| Title: Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis .
| | Author: Woo SH Fukuda M Islam N Takaoka M Kawasaki H Hirano H | | Journal: Electrophoresis Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11870777 Accession (PMID): 11870777 | | Abstract: Using direct N-terminal analysis , only 31 N-terminally unblocked proteins out of 100 rice embryo proteins could be identified .
To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins , we developed a simple , efficient and rapid method .
Using this method , we determined the peptide maps of 20 proteins per day in 10 pmol amounts .
Applying this method to rice proteome analysis , we determined the internal sequences of all 69 blocked proteins .
A total of 28 proteins out of 100 analyzed showed sequence similarity to the proteins with known functions in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI databases .
Alternatively , we also used peptide mass fingerprinting determined by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) to identify the rice proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) .
Although peptide-mass fingerprinting is a high-throughput method , we could not easily identify all the rice proteins or genes by this method , because the complete database information on rice , is not yet available and many proteins are post-translationally modified .
Therefore , at present , the improved peptide mapping method as we report here is considered to be very useful in rice proteome analysis , especially for blocked proteins . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis .
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| Title: Enantioselective effects of optically active alpha-methylbenzyl-s-triazine on the root growth of rice and Echinochloa plants and their herbicidal activity .
| | Author: Omokawa H Tabei A | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12400699 Accession (PMID): 12400699 | | Abstract: The chiral requirement on the alpha-methylbenzyl moiety of 2 , 4-diamino-6-chloro-s-triazine for sufficient inhibition of root growth was similar towards both rice and barnyard millet .
With the monoalkylamino series , the most suitable configuration was markedly changed by the substituent on the other amino moiety .
However , for the dialkylamino series , the ( S ) -enantiomer was an active inhibitor .
Clear species selectivity between rice and barnyard millet was observed in the series for the ( R ) -enantiomers , providing high herbicidal activity toward Echinochloa plants and safety toward rice .
The enantioselectivity against barnyard millet increased with increasing inhibitory activity of the active enantiomers , following Pfeiffers rule .
R-EtNH ( 3 ) controlled the growth of barnyardgrass with leaf-burning ( LB ) under paddy conditions , and S-EtNH ( 4 ) and S-Et2N ( 20 ) controlled the growth without LB .
The RS-EtNH derivative is an interesting inhibitor controlling the growth of barnyardgrass from the just-germinated stage ( by the ( R ) -enantiomer ) to early-middle growth stage ( by the ( S ) -enantiomer ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enantioselective effects of optically active alpha-methylbenzyl-s-triazine on the root growth of rice and Echinochloa plants and their herbicidal activity .
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| Title: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches : effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management .
| | Author: Little CL Barnes J Mitchell RT . | | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12564243 Accession (PMID): 12564243 | | Abstract: During August 2001 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat cooked rice from take-aways and of chicken sandwiches made on the premises from sandwich bars was undertaken .
The intention was to identify risk factors in the production , storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches , and to establish their effect on microbiological quality .
Examination of cooked rice revealed that the majority of samples ( 87% ; 442 of 508 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality ; 50 ( 10% ) were unsatisfactory , and 16 ( 3% ) were of unacceptable quality due to Bacillus cereus and/or other Bacillus spp in excess of 10 ( 5 ) cfu/g .
The microbiological quality of cooked rice was associated with cuisine type ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , rice type ( p < 0 . 01 ) , cooking ( p < 0 . 01 ) , serving methods ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , and management food hygiene training ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
Examination of chicken sandwiches found that most ( 75% ; 335 of 449 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality and 114 ( 25% ) were unsatisfactory .
Acceptable microbiological quality of sandwiches was associated with sandwich bars that had hazard analysis in place ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Smaller businesses , as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors Consumer at Risk scores , were more likely to have samples classified as unsatisfactory or unacceptable compared to larger businesses ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
The majority ( 90% ) of premises had hand-washing facilities accessible and available for use , although only over half ( 55% ) were correctly used as judged by the sampling officer .
Where the manager of the premises had received some form of food hygiene training , food safety procedures such as the hazard analysis system were more likely to be in place ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches : effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management .
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| Title: EFFECT OF VARIATIONS ON RICE FLOUR CAKE .
| | Author: GOERTZ GE HOOPER AS ROGERS PJ .
| | Journal: Year: 1965 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14265864 Accession (PMID): 14265864 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: EFFECT OF VARIATIONS ON RICE FLOUR CAKE .
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| Title: [ Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy ] | | Author: Zou J Huang Y Zong L Wang Y Sass RL .
| | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14551949 Accession (PMID): 14551949 | | Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH4 and N2O emissions .
Five treatments of fertilizer including urea and NH4HCO3 used as chemical fertilizer ( CF ) , chemical fertilizer + pig manure ( CF + PM ) , chemical fertilizer + cow manure ( CF + CM ) , chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake ( CF + RC ) and chemical fertilizer + wheat straw ( CF + WS ) were dedicated to this experiment .
Results from the field observations indicated that application of the organic manure did not change the seasonal pattern of CH4 and N2O emissions but significantly affected the seasonal amounts .
Seasonal amount of CH4 emission from the treatments of CF + CM , CF + RC and CF + WS was respectively 45% , 252% and 250% higher than that from the treatment of CF , but the application of pig manure ( CF + PM ) did not significantly influence the CH4 emission .
The N2O emissions , on the other hand , were reduced by 18% , 21% and 18% for the treatments of CF + PM , CF + CM and CF + WS , respectively .
Incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the N2O emission , yielding an increment of 22% .
On a time scale of 20-year period , the integrated global warming potential ( GWP ) of CH4 + N2O released during the rice growing season for the treatments of CF + RC , CF + WS and CF + CM was respectively 154% , 136% and 17% higher than that for the CF treatment , while a reduction of 10% was obtained for the CF + PM treatment .
The calculation of the GWP per unit rice grain yield suggested that the application of pig manure took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy ]
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| Title: How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?
Small causes with big effects .
| | Author: Wissuwa M | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14605228 Accession (PMID): 14605228 | | Abstract: Genotypic differences in phosphorus ( P ) uptake from P-deficient soils may be due to higher root growth or higher external root efficiency ( micrograms of P taken up per square centimeter of root surface area ) .
Both factors are highly interrelated because any additional P provided by externally efficient roots will also stimulate root growth .
It will be necessary to separate both factors to identify a primary mechanism to formulate hypotheses on pathways and genes causing genotypic differences in P uptake .
For this purpose , a plant growth model was developed for rice ( Oryza sativa ) grown under highly P-deficient conditions .
Model simulations showed that small changes in root growth-related parameters had big effects on P uptake .
Increasing root fineness or the internal efficiency for root dry matter production ( dry matter accumulated per unit P distributed to roots ) by 22% was sufficient to increase P uptake by a factor of three .
That same effect could be achieved by a 33% increase in external root efficiency .
However , the direct effect of increasing external root efficiency accounted for little over 10% of the 3-fold increase in P uptake .
The remaining 90% was due to enhanced root growth as a result of higher P uptake per unit root size .
These results demonstrate that large genotypic differences in P uptake from a P-deficient soil can be caused by rather small changes in tolerance mechanisms .
Such changes will be particularly difficult to detect for external efficiency because they are likely overshadowed by secondary root growth effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?Small causes with big effects .
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| Title: [ Effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields ] | | Author: Jia Z Cai Z | | Journal: Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14997675 Accession (PMID): 14997675 | | Abstract: Methane emission from rice paddy fields is the net result of the combination of many processes , ie , CH4 production , CH4 oxidation and CH4 transportation in paddy soil .
Rice plants play a key role in the CH4 emission from paddy fields , particularly in all the processes involved .
The positive and negative effects of rice plants on CH4 emission from paddy fields are well recognized as the main factors influencing the temporal variation of CH4 emission flux in paddy field .
Process-based studies about the effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields were summarized , and different roles of rice plants on this emission were discussed .
Root exudates and litters of rice plants could serve as the substrate for methanogenesis and enhance the CH4 production of paddy soils , resulting in a high CH4 emission peak , particularly in rice late growing season .
Rhizospheric CH4 oxidation induced by rice root-excreted oxygen constitutes a main biogenic sink of CH4 , which could account for 36-90% of CH4 produced in paddy soil over the entire growing season of rice .
Up to 80% and more of CH4 released from rice field during a growing season could be emitted by rice plant-mediated transport .
The fully developed aerenchyma of rice plants could be of importance in CH4 emission during rice growing seasons , and responsible for the CH4 emission peak observed at rice early growing season . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effects of rice plants on methane emission from paddy fields ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The Greenhouse effect : impacts of ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) radiation , carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , and ozone ( O3 ) on vegetation .
| | Author: Krupa SV Kickert RN .
| | Journal: Environ . Pollut . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15092357 Accession (PMID): 15092357 | | Abstract: There is a fast growing and an extremely serious international scientific , public and political concern regarding mans influence on the global climate .
The decrease in stratospheric ozone ( O3 ) and the consequent possible increase in ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) is a critical issue .
In addition , tropospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , nitrous oxide ( N2O ) and methane ( CH4 ) are increasing .
These phenomena , coupled with mans use of chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) , chlorocarbons ( CCs ) , and organo-bromines ( OBs ) are considered to result in the modification of the earths O3 column and altered interactions between the stratosphere and the troposphere .
A result of such interactions could be the global warming .
As opposed to these processes , tropospheric O3 concentrations appear to be increasing in some parts of the world ( eg North America ) .
Such tropospheric increases in O3 and particulate matter may offset any predicted increases in UV-B at those locations .
Presently most general circulation models ( GCMs ) used to predict climate change are one or two-dimensional models .
Application of satisfactory three-dimensional models is limited by the available computer power .
Recent studies on radiative cloud forcing show that clouds may have an excess cooling effect to compensate for a doubling of global CO2 concentrations .
There is a great deal of geographic patchiness or variability in climate .
Use of global level average values fails to account for this variability .
For example , in North America : 1 . there may be a decrease in the stratospheric O3 column ( 1-3% ) ; however , there appears to be an increase in tropospheric O3 concentrations ( 1-2%/year ) to compensate up to 20-30% loss in the total O3 column ; 2 . there appears to be an increase in tropospheric CO2 , N2O and CH4 at the rate of roughly 0 . 8% , 0 . 3% and 1-2% , respectively , per year ; 3 . there is a decrease in erythemal UV-B ; and 4 . there is a cooling of tropospheric air temperature due to radiative cloud forcing .
The effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 on plants have been studied under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions .
Few studies , if any , have examined the joint effects of more than one variable on plant response .
There are methodological problems associated with many of these experiments .
Thus , while results obtained from these studies can assist in our understanding , they must be viewed with caution in the context of the real world and predictions into the future .
Biomass responses of plants to enhanced UV-B can be negative ( adverse effect ) ; positive ( stimulatory effect ) or no effect ( tolerant ) .
Sensitivity rankings have been developed for both crop and tree species .
However , such rankings for UV-B do not consider dose-response curves .
There are inconsistencies between the results obtained under controlled conditions versus field observations .
Some of these inconsistencies appear due to the differences in responses between cultivars and varieties of a given plant species ; and differences in the experimental methodology and protocol used .
Nevertheless , based on the available literature , listings of sensitive crop and native plant species to UV-B are provided .
Historically , plant biologists have studied the effects of CO2 on plants for many decades .
Experiments have been performed under growth chamber , greenhouse and field conditions .
Evidence is presented for various plant species in the form of relative yield increases due to CO2 enrichment .
Sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are agein provided for crops and native plant species .
However , most publications on the numerical analysis of cause-effect relationships do not consider sensitivity analysis of the mode used .
Ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic regional scale air pollutant .
In the pre-occupation of loss in the O3 column , any increases in tropospheric O3 concentrations may be undermined relative to vegetation effects .
As with the other stress factors , the effects of O3 have been studied both under controlled and field conditions .
Thboth under controlled and field conditions .
The numerical explanation of cause-effect relationships of O3 is a much debated subject at the present time .
Much of the controversy is directed toward the definition of the highly stochastic , O3 exposure dynamics in time and space .
Nevertheless , sensitivity rankings ( biomass response ) are provided for crops and native vegetation .
The joint effects of UV-B , CO2 and O3 are poorly understood .
Based on the literature of plant response to individual stress factors and chemical and physical climatology of North America , we conclude that nine different crops may be sensitive to the joint effects : three grain and six vegetable crops ( sorghum , oat , rice , pea , bean , potato , lettuce , cucumber and tomato ) .
In North America , we consider Ponderosa and loblolly pines as vulnerable among tree species .
This conclusion should be moderated by the fact that there are few , if any , data on hardwood species .
In conclusion there is much concern for global climate change and its possible effects on vegetation .
While this is necessary , such a concern and any predictions must be tempered by the lack of sufficient knowledge .
Experiments must be designed on an integrated and realistic basis to answer the question more definitively .
This would require very close co-operation and communication among scientists from multiple disciplines .
Decision makers must realize this need .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Greenhouse effect : impacts of ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) radiation , carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , and ozone ( O3 ) on vegetation .
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| Title: [ Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) on soil microbial biomass under rice-wheat rotation ] | | Author: Li Y Xu G Huang G Shi Y | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15624820 Accession (PMID): 15624820 | | Abstract: The effect of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial biomass in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under rice-wheat rotation was studied under the conditions of routine cultivation , irrigation and fertilization .
The results showed that FACE treatment could significantly increase the amount of soil bacteria in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers during rice jointing stage and wheat wintering and ripening stages .
Elevated CO2 only significantly increased the amount of soil fungi in 0-5 cm soil layer during rice ripening stage .
During the whole period of rotation , the amount of soil bacteria was greater than that of soil fungi . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) on soil microbial biomass under rice-wheat rotation ]
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| Title: Effect of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil on rice growth .
| | Author: Li ZJ Xu JM Muhammad A Ma GR .
| | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15667839 Accession (PMID): 15667839 | | Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to appraise the hazards of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil at six levels ( 0 , 0 . 050 , 0 . 089 , 0 . 158 , 0 . 281 , and 0 . 500 mg kg ( -1 ) ) to the growth of four rice varieties ( Xiushui 63 , Eryou 810 , Liangyoupeijiu , and Zhenong 952 ) .
The morphological characteristics of rice roots like root number , total length , surface area of rice roots , and rice biomass were determined .
The results showed that the bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil impacted the growth of rice .
Root number , total length of roots , surface area of roots , and biomass were restrained by bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil .
The inhibition rate of root growth increased from 69 . 46-81 . 32% to 85 . 18-95 . 97% with the increasing of levels of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl from 0 . 05 mg kg ( -1 ) to 0 . 50 mg kg ( -1 ) .
The number of rice roots could be taken as a sensitive index to screen the rice varieties endurable to bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil and to predict the potential hazards of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil to rice .
The level of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil causing the root numbers decreased by 50% ( IC50 ) followed the order of Xiushui 63 < Eryou 810 < Liangyoupeijiu < Zhenong 952 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil on rice growth .
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| Title: Protective effects of 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D -glucopyranosyloxy-flavone on experimental hepatic injury .
| | Author: Xu DH Mei XT Chen Y Li YM Lv JY Xu SB .
| | Journal: World J Gastroenterol .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15793860 Accession (PMID): 15793860 | | Abstract: AIM : To investigate the pharmacological effects of rice flavone ( 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-flavone , RF ) separated from panicle-differentiating to flowing rice on rat experimental hepatic injury .
METHODS : Models of rat acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ( 4 ) ) administration , rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , injury of primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl ( 4 ) , respectively , were established .
After treated with RF , content of serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and albumin ( Alb ) , hyaluronic acid ( HA ) , the activity of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and hydroxyproline ( Hyp ) were measured and liver it issue was observed pathologically by hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining .
Effects of RF on pathological changes , function index , enzyme of scavenging free radicals and blood rheology were evaluated .
RESULTS : In model of rat acute hepatic injury induced by CCl ( 4 ) , RF can significantly decrease the contents of serum ALT , AST , increase the content of Alb , improve the dropsy and fat denaturalization of hepatocytes .
In model of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide , RF can inhibit the increase of HA , Hyp and whole blood viscosity , and improve the activities of GSH-Px and SOD , and inauricular microcirculation .
CONCLUSION : RF has apparent protective effects on hepatic injury by increasing activity of GSH-Px and SOD , scavenging free radicals produced by CCl ( 4 ) , reducing blood viscosity , and improving microcirculation and blood supply . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Protective effects of 5 , 4-dihydroxy-3 , 5-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D -glucopyranosyloxy-flavone on experimental hepatic injury .
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| Title: Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) of the rice leaffolder , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( Insecta : Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
| | Author: Nathan SS Kalaivani K Murugan K | | Journal: Ecotoxicol . Environ . Saf . Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16033698 Accession (PMID): 16033698 | | Abstract: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated .
Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination .
When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration .
There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested .
The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition .
Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) of the rice leaffolder , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( Insecta : Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
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| Title: [ Prevention efficiency of Exserohilum monoceras with chemical herbicides against Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field ] | | Author: Chen Y Ni H Zhang H Li X Li J | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16180763 Accession (PMID): 16180763 | | Abstract: This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish , and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse .
The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field .
The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree .
A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac .
Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli .
Under field condition , the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed , while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90% . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Prevention efficiency of Exserohilum monoceras with chemical herbicides against Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field ]
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| Title: Efficient insertional mutagenesis in rice using the maize En/Spm elements .
| | Author: Kumar CS Wing RA Sundaresan V | | Journal: Plant J Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16297077 Accession (PMID): 16297077 | | Abstract: We have developed a novel system for insertional mutagenesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) based on the maize ( Zea mays ) enhancer/suppressor mutator ( En/Spm ) element .
In this system , a single T-DNA construct with Spm-transposase and the non-autonomous defective suppressor mutator ( dSpm ) element is used in conjunction with green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) and Discosoma sp .
Red Fluorescence Protein ( DsRed ) fluorescent markers to select unlinked stable transpositions of dSpm .
Using this system , we could demonstrate high frequencies of unlinked germinal transposition of dSpm in rice .
Analysis of dSpm flanking sequences from 353 stable insertion lines revealed that the dSpm insertions appear to be widely distributed on rice chromosomes with a preference for genic regions ( 70% ) .
The dSpm insertions appear to differ from Activator-Dissociation ( Ac-Ds ) elements in genomic distribution and exhibit a greater fraction of unlinked transpositions when compared with Ds elements .
The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the maize En/Spm element can be used as an effective tool for functional genomics in rice and can complement efforts using other insertional mutagens .
Further , the efficacy of the non-invasive fluorescence-based selection system is promising for its application to other crops . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Efficient insertional mutagenesis in rice using the maize En/Spm elements .
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| Title: Effect of Interactions Among Algae on Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae ( Cyanobacteria ) in Flooded Soils .
| | Author: Wilson JT Greene S Alexander M | | Journal: Year: 1979 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16345463 Accession (PMID): 16345463 | | Abstract: Nitrogen fixation ( C ( 2 ) H ( 2 ) reduction ) by algae in flooded soil was limited by interactions within the algal community .
Nitrogen fixation by either indigenous algae or Tolypothrix tenuis was reduced severalfold by a dense suspension of the green alga Nephrocytium sp .
Similarly , interactions between the nitrogen-fixing alga ( cyanobacterium ) Aulosira 68 and natural densities of indigenous algae limited nitrogen-fixing activity in one of two soils examined .
This was demonstrated by developing a variant of Aulosira 68 that was resistant to the herbicide simetryne at concentrations that prevented development of indigenous algae .
More nitrogen was fixed by the resistant variant in flooded soil containing herbicide than was fixed in herbicide-free soil by either the indigenous algae or indigenous algae plus the parent strain of Aulosira .
Interference from indigenous algae may hamper the development of nitrogen-fixing algae introduced into rice fields in attempts to increase biological nitrogen fixation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of Interactions Among Algae on Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae ( Cyanobacteria ) in Flooded Soils .
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| Title: Gene-for-gene-mediated recognition of nuclear-targeted AvrBs3-like bacterial effector proteins .
| | Author: Schornack S Meyer A Rmer P Jordan T Lahaye T | | Journal: J Plant Physiol .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16403589 Accession (PMID): 16403589 | | Abstract: Plant disease resistance ( R ) genes mediate specific recognition of pathogens via perception of cognate avirulence ( avr ) gene products .
The numerous highly similar AvrBs3-like proteins from the bacterial genus Xanthomonas provide together with their corresponding R proteins a unique biological resource to dissect the molecular basis of recognition specificity .
A central question in this context is if R proteins that mediate recognition of structurally similar Avr proteins are themselves functionally similar or rather dissimilar .
The recent isolation of rice xa5 , rice Xa27 and tomato Bs4 , R genes that collectively mediate recognition of avrBs3-like genes , provides a first clue to the molecular mechanisms that plants employ to detect AvrBs3-like proteins .
Their initial characterization suggests that these R proteins are structurally and functionally surprisingly diverge .
This review summarizes the current knowledge on R-protein-mediated recognition of AvrBs3-like proteins and provides working models on how recognition is achieved at the molecular level .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gene-for-gene-mediated recognition of nuclear-targeted AvrBs3-like bacterial effector proteins .
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| Title: [ Effects of Cd contamination on paddy soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities and rice physiological indices ] | | Author: Zeng L Liao M Huang C Luo Y | | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16471360 Accession (PMID): 16471360 | | Abstract: A pot experiment with rice under submerged condition showed that with the increase of Cd concentration , soil microbial biomass carbon ( Cmic ) and nitrogen ( Nmic ) increased initially but decreased at a certain concentration , and the turning points varied with different soil types .
Soil enzyme activities had the similar variation trend with soil Cmic and Nmic , and the turning points varied with different soil types and soil enzymes .
The variation coefficients were in order of dehydrogenase activity > acid phophatase activity > urease activity .
Soil respiration rate and metabolic quotient increased tardily with increasing cadmium concentration .
The chlorophyll content of rice increased initially but decreased then with the increase of Cd contamination , and the turning points differed with different soil types .
Rice proline content and peroxidase activity were enhanced gradually with increasing cadmium concentration .
The variation coefficients of rice physiological indices on paddy soils derived from silty loam and clayed red earth were in order of peroxidase activity > chlorophyll content > proline content , and peroxidase activity > proline content > chlorophyll content , respectively .
Correlation analysis indicated that there was a close correlation between the variations of soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities and rice physiological indices under Cd contamination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effects of Cd contamination on paddy soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities and rice physiological indices ]
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| Title: Effects of the inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamensis and related endophytic diazotrophic bacteria on grain yield of rice .
| | Author: Govindarajan M Balandreau J Kwon SW Weon HY Lakshminarasimhan C | | Journal: Microb Ecol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17406771 Accession (PMID): 17406771 | | Abstract: During a survey of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria associated with different rice varieties in Tamilnadu , some "endophytes" were obtained .
Thirteen bacterial isolates from surface-sterilized roots and shoots were obtained in pure culture , which produced indole acetic acid ( IAA ) and reduced acetylene to ethylene .
Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplification confirmed the presence of nif-H gene in all the isolates .
Morphological , biochemical , and molecular characteristics indicated that all of them belonged to the genus Burkholderia One of them , MGK3 , was consistently more active in reducing acetylene , and 16S rDNA sequences of isolate MGK3 confirmed its identification as Burkholderia vietnamiensis .
Colonization of rice root was confirmed by strain MGK3 marked with gusA gene .
The inoculated roots showed a blue color , which was most intense at the points of lateral root emergence and at the root tip .
Transverse sections of roots , 15 days after inoculation , revealed beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) activity within many of the cortical intercellular spaces next to the stele and within the aerenchyma .
Nitrogen fixation was quantified by using ( 15 ) N isotope dilution method with two different cultivars grown in pot and field experiments .
Higher nitrogen fixation was observed in variety Ponni than in ADT-43 , where nearly 42% ( field ) and 40% ( pot ) of the nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere ( % Ndfa ) .
Isolate MGK3 was used to inoculate rice seedlings in a comparison with four other diazotrophs , viz . , Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus LMG7603 , Herbaspirillum seropedicae LMG6513 , Azospirillum lipoferum 4B LMG4348 , and B vietnamiensis LMG10929 .
They were used to conduct two pot and four field inoculation experiments .
MGK3 alone , and combined with other diazotrophs , performed best under both pot and field conditions : combined inoculation produced yield increases between 9 . 5 and 23 . 6% , while MGK3 alone increased yield by 5 . 6 to 12 . 16% over the uninoculated control treatment .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of the inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamensis and related endophytic diazotrophic bacteria on grain yield of rice .
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| Title: [ Evaluation of skin-moisturizing effects of oral or percutaneous use of plant ceramides ] | | Author: Asai S Miyachi H | | Journal: Rinsho Byori Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17441463 Accession (PMID): 17441463 | | Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the assay performance of two methods for measuring the water-holding capacity of the skin : Skicon-200 and Tewameter which determine the water content in the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss , respectively .
Based on these findings , we studied the effects of newly developed skin moisturizers made of plant ceramides .
The within-run as well as day-to-day reproducibility of the methods were both satisfactory .
When rice-derived NIPPN ceramide RC was used topically for 3 weeks by 23 healthy volunteers , the water content in the stratum corneum of the leg was significantly increased to 141% of the baseline value in comparison with that after placebo use ( 111% ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and the transepidermal water-loss was significantly suppressed to 23% of the baseline in comparison with that after placebo use ( 39% ) ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
When 20 mg or 40 mg/day of corn-derived NIPPN ceramide CP was given orally for 3 weeks , the water content in the stratum corneum of the leg was significantly increased to 290% and 394% of the baseline value , respectively , in comparison with that after placebo administration ( 141% ) ( p <0 . 05 ) , and the transepidermal water loss was suppressed to 33 and 14% ( p < 0 . 05 ) of the baseline values , respectively , in comparison with that after placebo administration ( 69% ) .
These data by Skicon-200 and Tewameter suggest that the two plant ceramides are promising as skin-moisturizing agents not only for topical use but also for oral use .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Evaluation of skin-moisturizing effects of oral or percutaneous use of plant ceramides ]
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| Title: Testing for gene x environment interaction effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated antisocial behavior .
| | Author: Langley K Turic D Rice F Holmans P van den Bree MB Craddock N Kent L Owen MJ ODonovan MC Thapar A | | Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17579368 Accession (PMID): 17579368 | | Abstract: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders .
In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions .
In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight .
First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses .
Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis .
The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed .
The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) .
These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder .
There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Testing for gene x environment interaction effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated antisocial behavior .
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| Title: Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats .
| | Author: Kataoka K Ogasa S Kuwahara T Bando Y Hagiwara M Arimochi H Nakanishi S Iwasaki T Ohnishi Y | | Journal: Dig Dis Sci Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17957470 Accession (PMID): 17957470 | | Abstract: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood , colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation , and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis .
The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined .
Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue .
In another experiment , 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index ( percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon ) and colitis score , which were determined by macroscopic observation .
It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa .
Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis , while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity .
These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats .
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| Title: In vivo tumor inhibitory effects of nutritional rice bran supplement MGN-3/Biobran on Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice .
| | Author: Badr El-Din NK Noaman E Ghoneum M | | Journal: Nutr Cancer Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18444156 Accession (PMID): 18444156 | | Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of MGN-3/Biobran , a modified arabinoxylan rice bran .
Swiss albino mice were inoculated intramuscularly in the right thigh with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) cells .
On Day 8 , mice bearing a solid Ehrlich carcinoma ( SEC ) tumor were treated with MGN-3 via intraperitoneal injection .
Tumor growth , cytokine production , and apoptotic effect of MGN-3 were examined .
MGN-3 caused a highly significant delay in both tumor volume ( 63 . 27% ) and tumor weight ( 45 . 2% ) as compared to controls ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
The mechanisms by which MGN-3 exerts its antitumor effect seem to involve its ability to induce apoptosis and immune modulation .
MGN-3 induced a 1 . 8-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic SEC cells as determined by flow cytometry and the histopathological examination .
In addition , MGN-3 influenced plasma cytokine production by increasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma , while downregulating levels of the immune suppressing cytokine interleukin-10 .
Data also showed that non-tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with MGN-3 resulted in a twofold increase in natural killer activity .
No adverse side effects due to MGN-3 treatment were observed ; all animals displayed normal feeding/drinking and life activity patterns .
These data may have clinical implications for the treatment of solid cancers .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vivo tumor inhibitory effects of nutritional rice bran supplement MGN-3/Biobran on Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice .
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| Title: Stochastic effects and bistability in T cell receptor signaling .
| | Author: Lipniacki T Hat B Faeder JR Hlavacek WS | | Journal: J Theor Biol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18556025 Accession (PMID): 18556025 | | Abstract: The stochastic dynamics of T cell receptor ( TCR ) signaling are studied using a mathematical model intended to capture kinetic proofreading ( sensitivity to ligand-receptor binding kinetics ) and negative and positive feedback regulation mediated , respectively , by the phosphatase SHP1 and the MAP kinase ERK .
The model incorporates protein-protein interactions involved in initiating TCR-mediated cellular responses and reproduces several experimental observations about the behavior of TCR signaling , including robust responses to as few as a handful of ligands ( agonist peptide-MHC complexes on an antigen-presenting cell ) , distinct responses to ligands that bind TCR with different lifetimes , and antagonism .
Analysis of the model indicates that TCR signaling dynamics are marked by significant stochastic fluctuations and bistability , which is caused by the competition between the positive and negative feedbacks .
Stochastic fluctuations are such that single-cell trajectories differ qualitatively from the trajectory predicted in the deterministic approximation of the dynamics .
Because of bistability , the average of single-cell trajectories differs markedly from the deterministic trajectory .
Bistability combined with stochastic fluctuations allows for switch-like responses to signals , which may aid T cells in making committed cell-fate decisions .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Stochastic effects and bistability in T cell receptor signaling .
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| Title: Enhancing a primary care environment : a case study of effects on patients and staff in a single general practice .
| | Author: Rice G Ingram J Mizan J | | Journal: Br J Gen Pract Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18611307 Accession (PMID): 18611307 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Few studies have examined the effect on patients and staff of the physical environment in primary care facilities .
AIM : To explore changes in patient and staff satisfaction , patient anxiety , and patient-doctor communication when a GP surgery moves from old premises to enhanced purpose-built accommodation .
DESIGN OF STUDY : Questionnaire surveys , interviews , and focus groups pre and post move .
SETTING : An urban general practice in Bristol .
METHOD : Patient questionnaires assessed anxiety ( Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI ) , satisfaction with the environment , and communication during the consultation .
Staff questionnaires assessed satisfaction with the environment and job satisfaction .
Qualitative methods explored patient and staff views in more depth .
RESULTS : A total of 1118 pre-move and 954 post-move patient questionnaires showed significant increases in satisfaction scores for reception/waiting areas ( mean 6 . 46 , 95% confidence interval [ CI ] =5 . 97 to 6 . 95 ) and consulting rooms ( mean 3 . 80 , 95% CI=3 . 44 to 4 . 15 ) in the new premises .
Patients satisfaction with patient-doctor communication also increased ( mean 0 . 88 , 95% CI=0 . 30 to 1 . 46 ) and anxiety scores were significantly reduced before and after the consultation in the new premises compared with the old ( STAI mean difference before consultation 0 . 72 , 95% CI=0 . 37 to 1 . 08 ; mean after consultation 0 . 37 , 95% CI=0 . 03 to 0 . 72 ) .
Patients highlighted the increased space and light , more modern appearance , greater comfort , and novel works of art in the new surgery .
Staff workplace satisfaction increased significantly after moving and remained higher than in the old building .
CONCLUSION : This large-scale study examining the effects of a UK primary care environment on patients and staff shows that an enhanced environment is associated with improvements in patients perception of patient-doctor communication , reduction in anxiety , and increases in patient and staff satisfaction .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enhancing a primary care environment : a case study of effects on patients and staff in a single general practice .
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| Title: Missing in action : the effect of obstacle position and size on avoidance while reaching .
| | Author: Chapman CS Goodale MA | | Journal: Exp Brain Res Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18716765 Accession (PMID): 18716765 | | Abstract: When reaching to objects , our hand and arm rarely collide with non-target objects , even if our workspace is cluttered .
The simplicity of these actions hides what must be a relatively sophisticated obstacle avoidance system .
Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) .
The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace .
In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration .
We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects .
These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip .
Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand .
In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth .
Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall .
We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects .
Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach .
Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Missing in action : the effect of obstacle position and size on avoidance while reaching .
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| Title: [ The effect of parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats ] | | Author: Helbig E Dias AR Tavares RA Schirmer MA Elias MC | | Journal: Arch Latinoam Nutr Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18833992 Accession (PMID): 18833992 | | Abstract: Starch is an important energy source and can represent more than 60% of the calories of the human diet .
The starch fraction resistant to enzymatic digestion is called resistant starch .
When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic .
In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats .
The samples with high and medium amylose contents were soaked for 6 h at 65 degrees C , and the low amylose sample for 7 h at 70 degrees C The samples were subsequently autoclaved for 10 minutes at 0 . 7kgf x cm ( -2 ) .
Six male Wistar rats were used for each treatment .
Seven experimental diets were elaborated , formulated according to AIN-93M , the control diet and diets substituting the carbohydrate source with conventional or parboiled rice .
Resistant starch was determined in the diets and glycemia monitored using glucose paper strips , the sample being blood obtained from the distal part of the rats tail .
For the glycemic curve , glycemia was measured in the fasting state and during 90 minutes post-prandial The results indicated there were no significant differences between the diets formulated with high , medium and low amylose , parboiled or conventionally prepared , with respect to fasting or post-prandial glycemia in Wistar rats .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ The effect of parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats ]
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| Title: Modulation of experimental osteoporosis in rats by the antioxidant beverage effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) .
| | Author: Ke B Xu Z Ling Y Qiu W Xu Y Higa T Aruoma OI | | Journal: Biomed Pharmacother Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18930627 Accession (PMID): 18930627 | | Abstract: Osteoporosis is a disease of aging associated with bone loss that often occurs without symptoms until microarchitectural deterioration becomes so significant that bone fracture occurs .
The effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) is an antioxidant beverage derived from ferment of unpolished rice , sea weeds and papaya with effective microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria , yeast and photosynthetic bacteria ( containing minerals , alpha-tocopherol , lycopene , ubiquinone , saponin and flavonoids ) .
The levels of serum estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) and the bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femurs were assessed in order to determine the effect of EM-X on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat ( an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis ) .
EM-X ( 1 ml/rat/day ) was initially administrated by gavage to rats which were then allowed to consume 10% ( v/v ) EM-X in water freely for 3 months .
There was no statistical significance of E ( 2 ) level between sham operation group and control group , indicating that sham operation did not affect E ( 2 ) level .
However , the E ( 2 ) levels in the ovariectomized rats tended to increase after treatment of EM-X for 3 months .
The bone density of the middle and epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group decreased with time .
Rats receiving EM-X for 3 months after sham operation or ovariectomy had increased bone density of the middle of femur that was statistically significant ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 ) .
The bone density of the epiphysis of femur in both sham operation and ovariectomy group were significantly increased , an outcome highly suggestive of the beneficial effects of EM-X on bone density of the middle and the epiphysis of femur in the rats with or without ovariectomy .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Modulation of experimental osteoporosis in rats by the antioxidant beverage effective microorganism-X ( EM-X ) .
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| Title: Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance .
| | Author: Pattanagul W Thitisaksakul M | | Journal: Indian J Exp Biol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19024173 Accession (PMID): 19024173 | | Abstract: Rice seedlings cv .
Khao Dawk Mali 105 ( salt-sensitive ) , Luang Anan ( moderately salt-tolerant ) and Pokkali ( salt-tolerant ) were exposed to 0 , 50 , 100 and 150 mM NaCI for 9 d .
Salinity stress caused reduction in leaf relative water contents in all cultivars .
Shoot length of cv .
Pokkali was least affected by salinity stress whereas increased root length in response to salinity stress was apparent in cvs Khao Dawk Mali 105 and Luang Anan .
Increased salinity level also caused reduction in fresh and dry weights in cvs Khao Dawk Mali 105 and Luang Anan , but had no effect in cv .
Pokkali except at 150 mM .
Accumulation of total soluble sugars and sucrose in mature leaves were observed in cv .
Khao Dawk Mali 105 exposed to high level of salinity whereas their concentrations in cvs Luang Anan and Pokkali remained the same as control plants .
Accumulation of sucrose in cv .
Khao Dawk Mali 105 was suggested to be resulted from the alteration of photosynthate partitioning since the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase were not affected by salinity in this cultivar .
On the contrary , salinity stress induced an accumulation of starch in cv .
Pokkali .
It is suggested that partitioning sugars into starch may involve in salinity tolerance by avoiding metabolic alterations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice ( Oryza sativa L ) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance .
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| Title: Effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil .
| | Author: Huang B Yu K Gambrell RP | | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19027141 Accession (PMID): 19027141 | | Abstract: A laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron ( Fe ( III ) ) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide ( N ( 2 ) O ) and methane ( CH ( 4 ) ) emissions in a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) soil .
The anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial Fe ( III ) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment ( 40 mol Fe g ( -1 ) ) transitionally stimulated N ( 2 ) O production and lowered CH ( 4 ) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation .
Increased regeneration of Fe ( III ) through a 4-day aeration period in the Fe-amended slurry compared to the control slurry reduced CH ( 4 ) emission by 30% in the subsequent 15-day anaerobic incubation .
The pot experiment showed that ferrihydrite amendment ( 63 micromol Fe g ( -1 ) ) stimulated N ( 2 ) O fluxes in the days following flooding .
The Fe amendment suppression on CH ( 4 ) emission was obscured in the early season but became significant upon reflooding in the mid and late-seasons .
As a result , seasonal CH ( 4 ) emission in Fe-amended pots was 26% lower than the control with a single 2-day drainage and 69% lower with a double 2-day drainage .
The reduction in CH ( 4 ) emission upon reflooding from the Fe-amended pots was mainly attributed to the increased Fe ( III ) regeneration during drainage showing a mechanism of Fe ( III ) regeneration in mitigating CH ( 4 ) emission by short-term drainage in flooded soils .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil .
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| Title: The effect of sucrose and abscisic acid interaction on sucrose synthase and its relationship to grain filling of rice ( Oryza sativa , L ) .
| | Author: Tang T Xie H Wang Y Lu B Liang J | | Journal: J Exp Bot Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19401410 Accession (PMID): 19401410 | | Abstract: Rice grain filling is a process of conversion of sucrose into starch catalysed by a series of enzymes .
Sucrose synthase ( SUS ) is considered as a key enzyme regulating this process .
This study investigated the possible roles of sucrose and abscisic acid ( ABA ) in mediating the activity and expression of SUS protein of grains during grain filling in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
Field-grown rice plants and detached cultured panicles were used as experimental materials .
Several treatments , including spikelet thinning , leaf cutting , and applications of different concentrations of exogenous sucrose and ABA , were imposed during grain filling .
A higher SUS activity was found in superior grains than in inferior grains in the earlier stage of grain filling , which was significantly and closely related to a higher grain filling rate and starch accumulation .
An increase in sucrose concentration in grains as a result of different treatments increased both SUS activity and SUS protein expression in grains .
An increase in ABA concentration gave similar results .
Furthermore , effects of interactions between sucrose and ABA on the activity and expression of SUS protein in grains were also found .
It was suggested that sucrose and ABA-mediated rice grain filling is largely due to an increase in SUS activity and SUS protein expression .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of sucrose and abscisic acid interaction on sucrose synthase and its relationship to grain filling of rice ( Oryza sativa , L ) .
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| Title: Effects of cadmium on forearm bone density after reduction of exposure for 10 years in a Chinese population .
| | Author: Chen X Zhu G Jin T Gu S | | Journal: Environ Int Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19716176 Accession (PMID): 19716176 | | Abstract: The main focus of this study was to evaluate long term effects of cadmium on forearm bone mineral density after stopping ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice for 10 years in a Chinese population .
A total of 532 persons ( 338 women and 194 men ) , living in control , moderately and heavily polluted areas , were included in this study .
The residents living in the polluted area ceased ingesting cadmium-polluted rice in 1996 .
All participants were require to answer a questionnaire and the bone mineral density ( BMD ) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) at the proximal radius and ulna .
Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of cadmium in urine ( UCd ) and blood ( BCd ) . The BMD of subjects living in the heavily polluted area was significantly lower than that of those living in control area in both men and women ( p<0 . 01 ) .
For the people living in the moderately polluted area , only the womens BMD was greatly lower compared to that in the control area ( p<0 . 05 ) .
The BMD declined with the increasing BCd and UCd in both sexes , especially in the highest level ( BCd >5 microg/L , UCd >10 microg/g crea ) groups ( p<0 . 01 ) .
It was found that there were significant differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis among the different areas ( chi ( 2 ) =13 . 046 , p=0 . 0003 ) and different UCd groups ( chi ( 2 ) =4 . 511 , p=0 . 0337 ) in women , but not in men ( chi ( 2 ) =0 . 962 , p=0 . 3268 ; chi ( 2 ) =1 . 906 , p=0 . 1675 ) .
But a significant difference exists in the prevalence of osteoporosis among different BCd groups in both genders ( chi ( 2 ) =9 . 304 , p=0 . 00229 , in women ; chi ( 2 ) =4603 , p=0 . 0319 , in men ) .
This study suggested that cadmium could play a long-term role on bone and more attention should be paid to cadmium effects on bone metabolism after reduction of exposure .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of cadmium on forearm bone density after reduction of exposure for 10 years in a Chinese population .
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| Title: Effect of NaCl , myoglobin , Fe ( II ) , and Fe ( III ) on lipid oxidation of raw and cooked chicken breast and beef loin .
| | Author: Min B Cordray JC Ahn DU | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19904983 Accession (PMID): 19904983 | | Abstract: Chicken breast and beef loin were ground , and no , NaCl , NaCl+myoglobin , NaCl+Fe ( II ) , or NaCl+Fe ( III ) additions were made ; patties were then prepared .
Half of the patties were packaged in oxygen-permeable bags and stored at 4 degrees C for 10 days , and the other half were cooked in a 95 degrees C water bath to an internal temperature of 75 degrees C , packaged in oxygen-permeable zipper bags , and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days .
The oxidative stability of raw and cooked chicken breast and beef loin were determined during storage .
Chicken breast was more resistant to various exogenous oxidative factors than beef loin : addition of NaCl did not increase TBARS values and nonheme content of raw chicken breast , but significantly increased those of raw beef loin patties during storage .
Addition of NaCl+Mb did not affect lipid oxidation in raw chicken breast patties , but decreased the TBARS of beef loin during storage .
Addition of NaCl+Fe ( III ) or NaCl+Fe ( II ) increased the TBARS values of both raw chicken breast and beef loin during storage , but the increase was greater in beef loin than in chicken breast The TBARS values of all cooked chicken breast and beef loin increased during 7 days of storage , but the increases in cooked chicken patties were significantly smaller than those of cooked beef loin patties with the same treatments .
Addition of NaCl and cooking caused severe degradation of myoglobin , leading to a significant increase in free ionic iron content in beef loin .
It is suggested that free ionic iron is the major catalyst for lipid oxidation , and the low "storage-stable and heat-stable" ferric ion reducing capacity in chicken breast were responsible for the high oxidative stability for raw and cooked chicken breast compared with beef loin under prooxidants , cooking , and storage conditions .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of NaCl , myoglobin , Fe ( II ) , and Fe ( III ) on lipid oxidation of raw and cooked chicken breast and beef loin .
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| Title: Why Rice yellow mottle virus , a rapidly evolving RNA plant virus , is not efficient at breaking rymv1-2 resistance .
| | Author: Poulicard N Pinel-Galzi A Hebrard E Fargette D | | Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20078783 Accession (PMID): 20078783 | | Abstract: Rice yellow mottle virus ( RYMV ) reaches a high virus content in rice , is genetically highly variable and evolves rapidly .
Nevertheless , only a small proportion of isolates overcome rymv1-2 rice resistance by mutations in the VPg ( viral protein genome-linked ) .
The accumulation rates of wild-type ( WT ) and resistance-breaking ( RB ) genotypes of the E and T-pathotypes of RYMV , with average and low virulence , respectively , were assessed .
By quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction , it was shown that : ( i ) in resistant plants , both WT genotypes reached a level of 10 ( 5 ) -10 ( 7 ) viral copies per milligram of fresh leaf ; ( ii ) the accumulation of RB genotypes was variable , but was always much higher than the WT , with an RB/WT accumulation ratio of up to 10 ( 6 ) ; ( iii ) in susceptible plants , the RB genotypes were counter-selected to a similar level .
In competition experiments , there was a straightforward exclusion of WT by RB genotypes in resistant hosts .
The mutation rate in VPg was more than 1 x 10 ( -3 ) mutations per site per year .
Overall , a steady supply of highly adaptive RB genotypes was expected in resistant plants .
However , the use of the few possible mutational pathways to virulence is tightly regulated by pathotype-specific genetic constraints : codon usage , mutational bias and sign epistasis .
In addition , genetic drift may restrict the fixation of RB mutants .
Altogether , both genetic and demographic constraints contribute to the low ability of RYMV to break rymv1-2 resistance .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Why Rice yellow mottle virus , a rapidly evolving RNA plant virus , is not efficient at breaking rymv1-2 resistance .
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| Title: Efficient degradation of rice straw in the reactors packed by carbon fiber textiles .
| | Author: Sasaki K Morita M Hirano S Sasaki D Ohmura N Igarashi Y | | Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20512325 Accession (PMID): 20512325 | | Abstract: We have reported for the first time that agricultural and cellulosic waste , ie , rice straw was directly applied to methanogenic bioreactors containing carbon fiber textiles ( CFT ) as supporting material Addition of CFT to the methanogenic bioreactors enhanced the conversion of dichromate chemical oxygen demand of the substrate to methane ( 41% ) to a greater extent than bioreactors without CFT ( 9% ) .
In addition , removal of rice straw as a suspended solid was increased from 31% ( in bioreactors without CFT ) to 57% ( in those with CFT ) .
Methanogenic 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the abundance of acetoclastic methanogen , genus Methanosarcina , was about 11 times higher in bioreactors with CFT ( suspended fraction plus retained fraction to CFT ) than in bioreactors without CFT ( suspended fraction ) , resulting in lower concentration of acetate in bioreactors with CFT ( 0 . 4 mM ) than in those without CFT ( 29 . 7 mM ) .
On the other hand , the abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogen , genus Methanobacterium , in bioreactors with CFT was similar to those without CFT .
Bacterial communities in bioreactors with CFT were different from those in bioreactors without CFT .
Our results indicated that specific microbial community and cooperative relationships between microorganisms in reactors containing CFT facilitated efficient decomposition of rice straw and its conversion to methane .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Efficient degradation of rice straw in the reactors packed by carbon fiber textiles .
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| Title: The effects of small sized rice bowl on carbohydrate intake and dietary patterns in women with type 2 diabetes .
| | Author: Ahn HJ Eom YK Han KA Kwon HR Kim HJ Park KS Min KW | | Journal: Korean Diabetes J Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20617077 Accession (PMID): 20617077 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The main source of carbohydrate in the Korean diet is rice , which is usually served in a rice bowl .
This study investigated the impact of a meal plan using smaller rice bowls on dietary energy intake and macronutrient composition in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .
METHODS : A total of 67 women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in our study .
We divided these participants into three groups : a normal-weight group ( NW ; body mass index [ BMI ] < 23 kg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 17 ) , an overweight group ( OW ; 23 /= 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 26 ) .
Three-day dietary records were analyzed for total energy intake ( TEI ) and macronutrient composition both before enrollment and two weeks after patients received instruction in a dietary plan based on using a small ( 200 mL ) rice bowl .
RESULTS : After the intervention , TEI decreased in the OW and OB groups .
Decreased carbohydrate ( NW , -4 +/- 5% ; OW , -4 +/- 5% ; OB , -3 +/- 6% ) and increased fat intakes were found in all three groups , which complies with Korean Diabetes Association recommendations .
The protein proportion of TEI significantly increased only in the OW group .
Body weight decreased both in the OW and OB groups .
CONCLUSION : A short-term , small-rice-bowl-based meal plan was effective for body weight control and macronutrient balance in overweight or obese women in Korea with type 2 diabetes .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of small sized rice bowl on carbohydrate intake and dietary patterns in women with type 2 diabetes .
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| Title: A rice phenolic efflux transporter is essential for solubilizing precipitated apoplasmic iron in the plant stele .
| | Author: Ishimaru Y Kakei Y Shimo H Bashir K Sato Y Sato Y Uozumi N Nakanishi H Nishizawa NK | | Journal: J Biol Chem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21602276 Accession (PMID): 21602276 | | Abstract: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance .
To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid .
The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet .
Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice .
We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) .
PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes .
PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots .
In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased .
The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele .
We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rice phenolic efflux transporter is essential for solubilizing precipitated apoplasmic iron in the plant stele .
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| Title: [ Effects of long-term applying sulfur and chloride-containing chemical fertilizers on weed growth in paddy field ] .
| | Author: Shen P Gao JS Xu MG Li DC Niu DK Qin DZ | | Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21774323 Accession (PMID): 21774323 | | Abstract: An investigation was made at a double-rice paddy field in the Qiyang Red Soil Field Experimental Station , Hunan Province , China to study the species and biomass of weeds growing in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) growth season after 34-year application of sulfur ( SO4 ( 2- ) ) and chloride ( Cl ( - ) ) -containing chemical fertilizers under the same application rates of nitrogen ( N ) , phosphorus ( P ) , and potassium ( K ) .
Long-term application of Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer resulted in the greatest species number of weeds and the highest biomass of floating weeds and wet weeds , compared with long-term application of SO4 ( 2- ) and Cl ( - ) +SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers .
In early rice growth season , the biomass of weeds after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer was 51 . 4% and 17 . 6% higher than that after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , respectively ; in late rice growth season , the increment was 144% and 242% , respectively .
More floating weeds were observed after applying Cl ( - ) + SO4 ( 2- ) and SO4 ( 2- ) -containing chemical fertilizers , but few of them were found after applying Cl ( - ) -containing chemical fertilizer .
The total dry mass of weeds and the dry mass of wet weeds were positively correlated with soil Cl ( - ) content ( r = 0 . 764 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 948 , P < 0 . 01 , respectively ) , but negatively correlated with soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S content ( r = 0 . 849 , P < 0 . 01 and r = 0 . 641 , P < 0 . 05 ) .
Soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P , under the co-effects of soil SO4 ( 2- ) -S , Cl ( - ) , and pH , had indirect effects on the total dry mass of weeds .
By adopting various fertilization measures to maintain proper soil pH and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P contents , increase soil SO42 ( - ) -S content , and decrease soil Cl ( - ) content , it could be possible to effectively inhibit the growth of wet weeds and to decrease the total biomass of weeds in double-rice paddy field .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effects of long-term applying sulfur and chloride-containing chemical fertilizers on weed growth in paddy field ] .
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| Title: Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables , fruits , and cereals using modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry .
| | Author: Li J Dong F Xu J Liu X Li Y Shan W Zheng Y | | Journal: Anal Chim Acta Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21819870 Accession (PMID): 21819870 | | Abstract: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed .
The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) .
This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method .
Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent .
Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers .
Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method .
The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan .
The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables , fruits , and cereals using modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry .
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| Title: X and Y-chromosome linked paternal effects on a life-history trait .
| | Author: Friberg U Stewart AD Rice WR | | Journal: Biol Lett Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21831881 Accession (PMID): 21831881 | | Abstract: Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring .
In species lacking parental care , females influence offspring in many ways , while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm .
For this reason , maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation , while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible .
The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption , and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated .
Here , we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait , and find substantial support for both X and Y-linked effects .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: X and Y-chromosome linked paternal effects on a life-history trait .
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| Title: Protective effect of Monascus-fermented red mold rice against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response .
| | Author: Cheng CF Pan TM | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21861523 Accession (PMID): 21861523 | | Abstract: Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented rice is reported to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects , including antitumor , antihypertriglyceridemia , antioxidant , and anti-inflammatory activities .
However , its role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease remains obscure .
In this study , the hepatoprotective effects of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) was evaluated in vivo using chronic alcohol-induced mice as an experimental model .
The alcohol-induced mice were orally treated with RMR at 307 . 5 mg/kg ( 1-fold ) , 615 mg/kg ( 2-fold ) , and 1537 . 5 mg/kg ( 5-fold ) for 5 weeks , whereas controls received vehicle only .
Treatment with RMR significantly attenuated the increased level of serum transaminases ( aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ) and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol accumulation .
Furthermore , RMR elevates hepatic antioxidant ability that reduced hepatic cell damage ( steatosis ) and decreased it issue inflammatory cytokine levels .
These findings suggest that Monascus-fermented RMR may represent a novel , protective strategy against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress , inflammatory response , and steatosis .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Protective effect of Monascus-fermented red mold rice against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response .
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| Title: A QTL for rice grain yield in aerobic environments with large effects in three genetic backgrounds .
| | Author: Venuprasad R Bool ME Quiatchon L Atlin GN | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21938473 Accession (PMID): 21938473 | | Abstract: A large-effect QTL associated with grain yield in aerobic environments was identified in three genetic backgrounds , Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna , Apo/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , and Vandana/ ( 2 ) *IR72 , using bulk-segregant analysis ( BSA ) .
Apo and Vandana are drought-tolerant aerobic-adapted varieties , while Swarna and IR72 are important lowland rice varieties grown on millions of hectares in Asia but perform poorly in aerobic conditions .
Two closely linked rice microsatellite ( RM ) markers , RM510 and RM19367 , located on chromosome 6 , were found to be associated with yield under aerobic soil conditions in all three backgrounds .
The QTL linked to this marker , qDTY6 . 1 ( DTY , grain yield under drought ) , was mapped to a 2 . 2 cM region between RM19367 and RM3805 at a peak LOD score of 32 in the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population .
The effect of qDTY6 . 1 was tested in a total of 20 hydrological environments over a period of five seasons and in five populations in the three genetic backgrounds .
In the Apo/ ( 2 ) *Swarna population , qDTY6 . 1 had a large effect on grain yield under favorable aerobic ( R ( 2 ) effect was observed .
In the Apo/IR72 cross , Apo contributed the favorable allele in almost all the aerobic environments in RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations .
In the Vandana/IR72 RIL and BC ( 1 ) -derived populations , qDTY6 . 1 had a strong effect on yield in aerobic drought stress , aerobic non-stress , and irrigated lowland conditions ; the Vandana allele was favorable in aerobic environments and the IR72 allele was favorable in irrigated lowland environments .
We conclude that qDTY6 . 1 is a large-effect QTL for rice grain yield under aerobic environments and could potentially be used in molecular breeding of rice for aerobic environments .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A QTL for rice grain yield in aerobic environments with large effects in three genetic backgrounds .
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| Title: Genetic variation in strigolactone production and tillering in rice and its effect on Striga hermonthica infection .
| | Author: Jamil M Charnikhova T Houshyani B van Ast A Bouwmeester HJ | | Journal: Planta Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21947621 Accession (PMID): 21947621 | | Abstract: Tillering in cereals is a complex process in the regulation of which also signals from the roots in the form of strigolactones play an important role .
The strigolactones are signalling molecules that are secreted into the rhizosphere where they act as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants and hyphal branching factors for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi .
On the other hand , they are also transported from the roots to the shoot where they inhibit tillering or branching .
In the present study , the genetic variation in strigolactone production and tillering phenotype was studied in twenty rice varieties collected from all over the world and correlated with S hermonthica infection .
Rice cultivars like IAC 165 , IAC 1246 , Gangweondo and Kinko produced high amounts of the strigolactones orobanchol , 2-epi-5-deoxystrigol and three methoxy-5-deoxystrigol isomers and displayed low amounts of tillers .
These varieties induced high S hermonthica germination , attachment , emergence as well as dry biomass .
In contrast , rice cultivars such as Super Basmati , TN 1 , Anakila and Agee displayed high tillering in combination with low production of the aforementioned strigolactones .
These varieties induced only low S hermonthica germination , attachment , emergence and dry biomass .
Statistical analysis across all the varieties confirmed a positive correlation between strigolactone production and S hermonthica infection and a negative relationship with tillering .
These results show that genetic variation in tillering capacity is the result of genetic variation in strigolactone production and hence could be a helpful tool in selecting rice cultivars that are less susceptible to S hermonthica infection .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genetic variation in strigolactone production and tillering in rice and its effect on Striga hermonthica infection .
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| Title: [ Effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard compost and its risk of nonpoint source pollution ] .
| | Author: Peng L Wang LW Yang ZM Chen YC Qiao JJ Zhao ZJ | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22509574 Accession (PMID): 22509574 | | Abstract: The in situ 120 days experiment was conducted to investigate effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard composting with four kinds of coverage , involving no coverage , rice straw , thin film and soil , and their risks of nonpoint source pollution were discussed .
The results showed that , with decomposing of the manure and increasing of runoff , the concentration of total nitrogen ( TN ) , ammoniac nitrogen ( NH4 ( + ) -N ) , nitrate nitrogen ( NO3 ( - ) -N ) , total phosphorus ( TP ) and dissolved phosphorus ( DP ) from courtyard composting decreased .
Especially , the concentration variation of TN , NH4 ( + ) -N , NO3 ( - ) -N with time fit for I kinetic equation , while TP and DP fit for linear equation .
The concentration order of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff observed as follows : no coverage > coverage by rice straw > coverage by soil > coverage by thin film .
As a result , the coverage by thin film could be used as a recommended mode to decrease the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff resulting from its low risks for nonpoint source pollution .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard compost and its risk of nonpoint source pollution ] .
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| Title: A combined approach for improving alkaline acetyl xylan esterase production in Pichia pastoris , and effects of glycosylation on enzyme secretion , activity and stability .
| | Author: Tian B Chen Y Ding S | | Journal: Protein Expr Purif Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22750674 Accession (PMID): 22750674 | | Abstract: High level expression of axe1 , a gene previously cloned from Volvariella volvacea that encodes an acetyl xylan esterase with two potential N-linked glycosylation sites , has been achieved in Pichia pastoris using a codon-optimized axe1 synthesized by the primer extension PCR procedure .
The GC content of the codon-optimized axe1 was 48 . 62% compared with 55 . 49% in the native gene .
Using the codon-optimized construct , AXE1 expression in P pastoris was increased from an undetectable level to 136 . 45U/ml six days after induction of yeast cultures grown in BMMY medium .
A further increase ( to 463U/ml ) was achieved when conditions for yeast culture were optimized as follows : 2 . 8% methanol , 0 . 63% casamino acids , and pH 8 . 0 .
This latter value represented a 3 . 4-fold and 246-fold increase in the enzyme levels recorded in non-optimized P pastoris cultures and in rice straw-grown cultures of V volvacea , respectively .
N-linked glycosylation played an essential role in AXE1 secretion but had only a slight effect on the catalytic activity and stability of the recombinant enzyme .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A combined approach for improving alkaline acetyl xylan esterase production in Pichia pastoris , and effects of glycosylation on enzyme secretion , activity and stability .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Studies on the Rice Leaf INCLINATION1 ( LC1 ) , an IAA-amido Synthetase , Reveal the Effects of Auxin in Leaf Inclination Control .
| | Author: Zhao SQ Xiang JJ Xue HW | | Journal: Mol Plant Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22888153 Accession (PMID): 22888153 | | Abstract: The angle of rice leaf inclination is an important agronomic trait and closely related to the yields and architecture of crops .
Although few mutants with altered leaf angles have been reported , the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated , especially whether hormones are involved in this process .
Through genetic screening , a rice gain-of-function mutant leaf inclination1 , lc1-D , was identified from the Shanghai T-DNA Insertion Population ( SHIP ) .
Phenotypic analysis confirmed the exaggerated leaf angles of lc1-D due to the stimulated cell elongation at the lamina joint .
LC1 is transcribed in various it issues and encodes OsGH3-1 , an indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) amido synthetase , whose homolog of Arabidopsis functions in maintaining the auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess IAA to various amino acids .
Indeed , recombinant LC1 can catalyze the conjugation of IAA to Ala , Asp , and Asn in vitro , which is consistent with the decreased free IAA amount in lc1-D mutant . lc1-D is insensitive to IAA and hypersensitive to exogenous BR , in agreement with the microarray analysis that reveals the altered transcriptions of genes involved in auxin signaling and BR biosynthesis .
These results indicate the crucial roles of auxin homeostasis in the leaf inclination control .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Studies on the Rice Leaf INCLINATION1 ( LC1 ) , an IAA-amido Synthetase , Reveal the Effects of Auxin in Leaf Inclination Control .
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| Title: Carbohydrate malabsorption in alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency .
The effect of pancreatic enzyme therapy on intestinal transit time .
| | Author: Keshavarzian A Dutta SK .
| | Journal: J Clin . Gastroenterol . Year: 1988 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub2460519 Accession (PMID): 2460519 | | Abstract: The absorption of rice flour and the mouth-to-cecum transit time of a nonabsorbable carbohydrate were measured by breath hydrogen excretion technique in 10 patients with alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency , to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of carbohydrate malabsorption .
Breath hydrogen excretion after ingestion of rice pancakes was significantly higher in patients than in 10 controls , suggesting malabsorption of carbohydrates .
Mouth-to-cecum transit time was not significantly different between the two groups .
Pancreatic enzyme therapy significantly reduced both fecal fat excretion and the degree of carbohydrate malabsorption , but , in contrast , did not significantly change mouth-to-cecum transit .
There was no correlation between the degree of carbohydrate or fat malabsorption and mouth-to-cecum transit time .
Carbohydrate malabsorption is common in pancreatic insufficiency and is markedly improved by enzyme supplementation .
Mouth-to-cecum transit , however , does not play a major role in carbohydrate or fat malabsorption in these patients .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Carbohydrate malabsorption in alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency . The effect of pancreatic enzyme therapy on intestinal transit time .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of gamma-irradiation on F-2 and T-2 toxin production in corn and rice .
| | Author: Halsz A Badaway A Sawinsky J Kozma-Kovcs E Beczner J | | Journal: Folia Microbiol .
( Praha ) Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub2530143 Accession (PMID): 2530143 | | Abstract: Fusarium graminearum and F tricinctum were grown on moistened corn and rice .
After inoculation the substrates were exposed to gamma-irradiation and growth rate together with mycotoxin production were measured .
A delay in mycelium growth and an increase in F-2 and T-2 toxin production occurred after irradiation with 1 and 3 kGy .
The maximum F-2 production was 10 . 7 mg/kg on rice at 3 kGy , whereas T-2 was 735 micrograms/kg on rice at 3 kGy .
At 9 kGy neither growth nor toxin production could be detected in any inoculated corn and rice substrate . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of gamma-irradiation on F-2 and T-2 toxin production in corn and rice .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish on the forestomach epithelium of mice and esophageal epithelium of rats ] | | Author: Lin PZ Zhang JS Ding ZW Cai HY .
| | Journal: Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi Year: 1986 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub3568985 Accession (PMID): 3568985 | | Abstract: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats .
The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats .
When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) .
Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium .
The incidence was only 37 . 5% .
However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma .
The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference .
The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats .
NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet .
While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% .
It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish on the forestomach epithelium of mice and esophageal epithelium of rats ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of milling and processing on the selenium content of grains and cereal products .
| | Author: Ferretti RJ Levander OA .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub4430782 Accession (PMID): 4430782 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of milling and processing on the selenium content of grains and cereal products .
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| Title: Effect of amino acid supplementation of white rice fed to children .
| | Author: Bressani R Wilson DM Viteri F Mosovich L Alvardo J | | Journal: Year: 1971 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub5172014 Accession (PMID): 5172014 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of amino acid supplementation of white rice fed to children .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The effect of gibberellin on the growth , indoleacetic acid content and on the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase in rice seedlings .
| | Author: Varga M Blint I | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub5903664 Accession (PMID): 5903664 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of gibberellin on the growth , indoleacetic acid content and on the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase in rice seedlings .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Hydrogen isotope effect on transport of potassium ion in rice seedlings equilibrated with deuterium oxide .
| | Author: Shibabe S Yoda K | | Journal: Radioisotopes Year: 1984 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6097951 Accession (PMID): 6097951 | | Abstract: Potassium absorption by the root of rice seedlings , equilibrated with D2O before K+-absorption , decreased proportionally with D2O concentration and the translocation of the absorbed cations by roots to shoots decreased markedly above 40% D2O .
An inhibition curve for the absorption process drawn as a relative rate vs D2O concentration exhibits no threshold in concentration of D2O .
While K+-absorption of the seedlings unequilibrated with D2O did not change up to 60% D2O and decreased above 80% .
The concentration of D2O of root it issue water reached a balance with the external concentration within 30 min , but the concentration of shoot water required 5-6 h to balance with the external The concentration of both root and shoot water did not coincide with the external The suppressive effect of D2O on potassium absorption links not only to D/H ratio in root water but also in shoot water . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hydrogen isotope effect on transport of potassium ion in rice seedlings equilibrated with deuterium oxide .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of dietary cereals on intestinal permeability in experimental enteropathy in rats .
| | Author: Sandhu JS Fraser DR .
| | Journal: Gut Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6411526 Accession (PMID): 6411526 | | Abstract: A sensitivity to dietary cereal has been reported previously in niacin-deficient rats by measuring a change in the intestinal absorption of radioactively-labelled cellobiotol and mannitol .
The possibility that other stimuli could produce this sensitivity , the range of cereals that could induce the permeability change and the nature of the toxic component in cereal have now all been investigated .
Treatment with triparanol induces sensitivity in rats to wheat , rye , barley , oats , and maize but not to rice or soybean .
These cereals caused a similar response in niacin-deficient rats .
Mucosal damage produced by methotrexate or cetrimide , however , did not sensitise the intestinal mucosa to dietary cereals .
Gluten , zein , and pepsin/trypsin digests of gluten all induced the permeability defect in triparanol-treated rats .
It is concluded that although gross disruption of the mucosal structure may not sensitise rats to cereals , various causes of mucosal cell damage can produce a susceptibility to gluten toxicity that resembles gluten-sensitivity in man .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of dietary cereals on intestinal permeability in experimental enteropathy in rats .
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| Title: [ Effect of various external factors on encystment and excystment of Balantidium coli ( M ) ] | | Author: Skotarczak B | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6537104 Accession (PMID): 6537104 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effect of various external factors on encystment and excystment of Balantidium coli ( M ) ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31 .
| | Author: Hurst A Hughes A | | Journal: J Appl . Bacteriol . Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6619020 Accession (PMID): 6619020 | | Abstract: The upper limiting temperature of growth of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in heart infusion broth ( HI ) was about 44 degrees C but addition of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) and soy sauce permitted the organism to grow above this temperature .
This effect is similar to that of NaCl .
Tomato ketchup , Worcestershire and HP sauces added to HI did not allow growth at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C but death was delayed .
Staphylococcus aureus died in unsupplemented chicken meat slurry at 46 degrees C but grew at 48 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and survived incubation for 18 h at 50 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and 5% MSG .
Cultures grown at 37 degrees C had a D60 value of 2 min in 50 mmol/l Tris ( pH 7 . 2 ) buffer .
Cultures grown at 46 degrees C in HI containing 5 . 8% NaCl had a D60 value of 8 min in Tris buffer .
Addition of 5 . 8% NaCl plus 5% MSG to the buffer increased the D60 by a factor of about 7 for both cultures .
In storage experiments at room temperature , the culture grown at 37 degrees C and at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl died at about the same rate in salami .
In milk powder , however , the count of 37 degrees C culture decreased from 10% g to 10 ( 6 ) /g in 5 weeks while the count of 46 degrees C culture remained unchanged .
In cottage cheese , freeze-dried rice and macaroni , the 37 degrees C cultures also died more rapidly .
It is suggested that cultures grown at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl may be suitable for experiments with artificially contaminated foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability .
| | Author: Tulpule A Krishnaswamy K | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6678753 Accession (PMID): 6678753 | | Abstract: The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers .
Chloroquine ( 600 mg base ) was administered orally in two circumstances : on empty stomach and along with a rice-based breakfast Timed blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma concentrations of the drug .
The results suggest that the area under the concentration curve ( AUC0-12 ) and peak plasma levels are significantly higher when chloroquine is administered along with food , though the rate of absorption is not different .
It appears , therefore , that a rice-based meal facilitates chloroquine absorption , thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The effects of organic acids , phytates and polyphenols on the absorption of iron from vegetables .
| | Author: Gillooly M Bothwell TH Torrance JD MacPhail AP Derman DP Bezwoda WR Mills W Charlton RW Mayet F | | Journal: Br .
J Nutr .
Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6860621 Accession (PMID): 6860621 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of organic acids , phytates and polyphenols on the absorption of iron from vegetables .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Struvite diet in cats : effect of ammonium chloride and carbonates on acid base balance of cats .
| | Author: Kienzle E Wilms-Eilers S | | Journal: J Nutr .
Year: 1994 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub7996261 Accession (PMID): 7996261 | | Abstract: Six healthy adult cats were fed a basal minced beef meat and rice diet ( one meal per day ) with varying amounts or combinations of acidifying and alkalizing additives ( ammonium chloride , calcium and sodium carbonate ) .
The base excess in the food ( mmol/kg dry matter ) was calculated ( data on food compounds in g/kg dry matter ) as follows : base excess = 49 . 9*Ca + 82 . 3*Mg + 43 . 5*Na + 25 . 6*K-64 . 6*P-13 . 4*met-16 . 6*cys-28 . 2*Cl .
Base excess in the experimental diets amounted to between +305 and -1079 mmol/kg dry matter .
After an adaptation period of 5 d , urine and blood pH as well as water and mineral balance were determined in the cats over a 10-15-d period .
The daily mean urine pH ranged between 6 . 1 and 7 . 8 .
There was a highly significant correlation between the base excess in the food and the mean urine pH .
The regression line was linear down to a base excess in the diet of approximately -400 to -500 mmol/kg dry matter and a pH in the urine of 6 . 2 .
The postprandial increase of urine pH was suppressed either by large amounts of ammonium chloride ( > 780 mmol/kg dry matter ) alone or in combination with calcium carbonate but not in combination with sodium carbonate .
The relationship between the decrease of the blood pH and the amount of ammonium chloride added to the diet was more marked than the relationship between blood pH and base excess in the food . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Struvite diet in cats : effect of ammonium chloride and carbonates on acid base balance of cats .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome of childhood : clinical efficacy of oral sodium cromoglycate and elimination diet ] | | Author: Grazioli I Melzi G Balsamo V Castellucci G Castro M Catassi C Rtsch JM Scotta S | | Journal: Minerva Pediatr .
Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8232112 Accession (PMID): 8232112 | | Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) is recognized to be a common cause of chronic diarrhea without failure to thrive in childhood .
Several studies stressed the role of food intolerance as a major factor in the pathogenesis of IBS .
The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the offending role of food in IBS and to compare the therapeutic role of oral sodium cromoglycate versus elimination diet .
153 patients ( mean age 4 years ) with diarrhea ( > 3 stools per day for four days in a week ) and abdominal pain for about 10 months were enrolled in this trial About half of the patients had a family history positive for atopy and 70% of the cases complained of intestinal symptoms after food ingestion .
In 17% of the patients Skin Prick test ( SPT ) resulted positive to at least one food allergen and 87% of positive reactions to SPT was provoked by common foodstuffs .
87% of patients treated with elimination diet ( rice , lamb , turkey , lettuce , carrots , sweet potatoes , pears , oil , tea , salt , mineral water , brown sugar ) and 97% of patients treated with SCG ( mean 63 mg/kg/day ) for one month showed a significant improvement of intestinal symptoms .
An elimination diet for several weeks can produce , beside a bad compliance ( 23% of patients admitted to our study didnt strictly follow diet regimen ) also a nutritional deprivation .
The results of this trial suggest that its correct to investigate the role of food in children with diarrhea not due to organic diseases and diagnosed such as IBS and to use oral SCG to obtain the improvement of these symptoms .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome of childhood : clinical efficacy of oral sodium cromoglycate and elimination diet ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Evidence of a dominant role for low osmolality in the efficacy of cereal based oral rehydration solutions : studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea .
| | Author: Thillainayagam AV Carnaby S Dias JA Clark ML Farthing MJ .
| | Journal: Gut Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8344579 Accession (PMID): 8344579 | | Abstract: Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions ( ORS ) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea .
The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established .
This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine .
The results were compared with those for two widely used conventional hypertonic ORS , WHO-ORS ( 331 mOsm/kg ) and UK-ORS ( 310 mOsm/kg ) .
In the normal intestine , water absorption was similar from WHO-ORS ( 87 . 4 ( 45 . 1-124 . 6 ) microliters/min/g ; median and interquartile range ) and UK-ORS ( 57 . 6 ( 41 . 5-87 ) ) but less than from the hypotonic solutions ( p < 0 . 02 ) ; water absorption from RS-ORS ( 181 . 8 ( 168 . 5-193 . 8 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 195 . 7 ( 179 . 3-207 . 9 ) ) was similar but less than from HYPO-ORS ( 241 . 3 ( 230 . 6-279 . 7 ) ; p < 0 . 005 ) .
In the secreting intestine , all ORS reversed net secretion of fluid to net absorption ; the hypotonic solutions , HYPO-ORS ( 105 . 2 ( 95 . 2-111 ) ) , RS-ORS ( 127 . 7 ( 118 . 3-169 . 4 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 133 . 7 ( 122 . 1-174 . 5 ) ) , produced more water absorption ( p < 0 . 005 ) than the hypertonic solutions WHO-ORS ( 47 . 1 ( 29-75 . 9 ) ) and UK-ORS ( 24 . 9 ( 18 . 4-29 . 4 ) ) .
The rice based ions promoted most water absorption in secreting intestine ( p < 0 . 007 ) .
These data indicate that low osmolality is of primary importance in mediating the increased water absorption from cereal based ORS . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evidence of a dominant role for low osmolality in the efficacy of cereal based oral rehydration solutions : studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of protectants in L-drying on the conformation and infectivity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus .
| | Author: Fukumoto F Omura T Kimura I | | Journal: Arch . Virol . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8856035 Accession (PMID): 8856035 | | Abstract: Purified rice dwarf phytoreovirus preparations , after rehydration following drying without freezing ( L-drying ) and sucrose density gradient centrifugation , sedimented to the same position as untreated controls .
Upon storage at 65 degrees C , virion conformation in L-dried preparations supplemented with 1% sucrose was maintained better than without additives .
Moreover , during storage for 6 years at -70 degrees C , infectivity of L-dried preparations from crude extracts of infected rice plants containing 5% sucrose was higher than controls based on the number of count of infected foci on cell monolayers and transmission to rice seedlings by leafhopper of the vector Nephotettix cincticeps , which had been injected with such extracts . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of protectants in L-drying on the conformation and infectivity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of rice culture practices on the abundance of Culex mosquitoes ( Diptera : Culicidae ) in northern Thailand .
| | Author: Takagi M Suwonkerd W Tsuda Y Sugiyama A Wada Y | | Journal: J Med . Entomol . Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9151489 Accession (PMID): 9151489 | | Abstract: In 1991-1993 , the density ( numbers per 10 dips ) and abundance ( density x flooded area ) of mosquitoes were studied in 3 areas of northern Thailand with different environmental conditions .
Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles , Cx . vishnui Theobald , and Cx . gelidus Theobald were predominant among the 8 Culex species collected .
Abundance of these 3 species varied significantly among the 3 areas .
Type of habitat classified according to agricultural practices in rainy and dry season significantly influenced larval abundance of Cx . tritaeniorhynchus and Cx . vishnui .
Seasonal variation in larval abundance was significant only in Cx . vishnui .
The response of the 3 vector mosquitoes to environmental heterogeneity is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of rice culture practices on the abundance of Culex mosquitoes ( Diptera : Culicidae ) in northern Thailand .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of threonine supplementation on the slope assay for protein quality .
| | Author: McLaughlan JM Keith MO .
| | Journal: Year: 1977 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub924931 Accession (PMID): 924931 | | Abstract: Several diets considered to be marginally deficient in threonine were fed to young male rats at protein levels ranging from 3 to 9% .
Protein sources included lactalbumin ( reference standard ) , soy protein with added methionine , pea protein with added methionine , rice-casein , and peanut-sesame-fish .
Chemical scores and plasma amino acid scores indicated that these diets were limiting in threonine at the 3--4% protein level ; increased growth resulted from supplementation with threonine .
After threonine supplementation , all protein sources except pea were limiting in lysine .
Increased growth at low protein levels with little or no extra growth at high protein levels due to threonine supplementation resulted in decreased slopes in the relative protein value ( RPV ) assay .
Consequently , threonine supplementation apparently decreased RPV values for these samples but the protein efficiency ratio was not affected .
It was concluded that the RPV assay underestimates the protein quality of lysine-deficient proteins .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of threonine supplementation on the slope assay for protein quality .
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