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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Dietary animal and plant protein and human bone health : a whole foods approach .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12612170 Accession (PMID): 12612170 | | Abstract: Urinary calcium excretion is strongly related to net renal acid excretion .
The catabolism of dietary protein generates ammonium ion and sulfates from sulfur-containing amino acids .
Bone citrate and carbonate are mobilized to neutralize these acids , so urinary calcium increases when dietary protein increases .
Common plant proteins such as soy , corn , wheat and rice have similar total S per g of protein as eggs , milk and muscle from meat , poultry and fish .
Therefore increasing intake of purified proteins from either animal or plant sources similarly increases urinary calcium .
The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source .
For example , the high amount of calcium in milk compensates for urinary calcium losses generated by milk protein .
Similarly , the high potassium levels of plant protein foods , such as legumes and grains , will decrease urinary calcium .
The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein .
Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health .
Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium .
"Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The hypocalciuric effect of the high phosphate associated with the amino acids of meat at least partially offsets the hypercalciuric effect of the protein .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of a protein on urinary calcium and bone metabolism are modified by other nutrients found in that protein food source .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Other food and dietary constituents such as vitamin D , isoflavones in soy , caffeine and added salt also have effects on bone health .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many of these other components are considered in the potential renal acid load of a food or diet , which predicts its effect on urinary acid and thus calcium .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: "Excess" dietary protein from either animal or plant proteins may be detrimental to bone health , but its effect will be modified by other nutrients in the food and total diet .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Polyadenylation in rice tungro bacilliform virus : cis-acting signals and regulation .
| | Journal: J Virol .
Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11287568 Accession (PMID): 11287568 | | Abstract: The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis .
The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly ( A ) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus .
Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required .
When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts .
In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA .
The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N plumbaginifolia protoplasts .
In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient .
SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants ( A Klti , C Henrich , S Bieri , X He , G Chen , P K Burkhardt , J Wnn , P Lucca , T Hohn , I Potrylus , and J Ftterer , 1999 .
Plant Mol . Biol . 40 : 249-266 ) , thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly ( A ) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA .
RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly ( A ) signal , an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency , and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: When present at the end of a transcription unit , the cis-acting signals for 3-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot ( rice ) and dicot ( Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ) protoplasts .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In a promoter-proximal position , as in the viral genome , the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts , giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" ( SS- ) RNA .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In infected plants , SS-RNA was hardly detectable , suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) site is very efficient .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: RTBV poly ( A ) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system ; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly ( A ) signal
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Assessment of water pollution in different bleaching based paper manufacturing and textile dyeing industries in India .
| | Journal: Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17294270 Accession (PMID): 17294270 | | Abstract: Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood , bamboo , baggase , rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , hydrogen peroxide , sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides ( AOX ) per ton of production .
The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents .
The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent .
The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production .
Water consumption was in the range of 100-130 m ( 3 ) t ( -1 ) of paper production for wood based industries and 30-50 m ( 3 ) for the waste paper based industries .
Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads .
Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) loads ( 105-182 kg t ( -1 ) ) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) loads ( 32 . 0-72 kg t ( -1 ) ) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The bleaching sequences such as C-EP-H-H , C-E-H-H , C-E-Do-D1 and O-Do-EOP-D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0 . 08-0 . 99 kg t ( -1 ) of production .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX ( 17 . 2-18 . 3 mg l ( -1 ) ) and are consuming more water ( 45-80 l kg ( -1 ) ) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less ( 40 l kg ( -1 ) of yarn/cloth ) .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Plasma clearance of lovastatin versus chinese red yeast rice in healthy volunteers .
| | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16398595 Accession (PMID): 16398595 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease .
However , the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term , which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful .
Chinese red yeast rice ( CRYR ) is a supplement containing lovastatin ( monacolin K ) , eight other monacolins , pigments , tannins , and other phytochemicals .
The authors previously reported on a double blind placebo-controlled trial of CRYR supplement in 80 individuals demonstrating a significant decrease in cholesterol levels from 250 mg/dL to 210 mg/dL over 8 weeks independent of diet .
The current study compared the pharmacokinetics of CRYR with lovastatin at the same bioeffective dose for lowering cholesterol .
METHODS : Eleven ( 11 ) healthy volunteers were randomized to a crossover study taking 2400 mg CRYR or 20 mg of lovastatin .
RESULTS : The Cmax and area under the curve ( AUC ) of lovastatin were 22 . 42 ng/mL , and 80 . 47 higher than CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 and 0 . 002 , respectively ) .
The Cmax for lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 36 . 63 ng/mL higher than the Cmax of CRYR hydroxy-acid ( p = 0 . 001 ) .
The AUC of lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 258 . 5 greater than that of CRYR ( p = 0 . 001 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR .
It may lead to the ultimate development of a botanical supplement based on CRYR .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term , which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Dynamics of changes in methanogenesis and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil following repeated application of dicyandiamide , a nitrification inhibitor .
| | Journal: Microbiol Res Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17207983 Accession (PMID): 17207983 | | Abstract: Influence of repeated application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD ) , on CH ( 4 ) production and associated microflora in a flooded alluvial soil , was investigated in a laboratory incubation study .
Application of DCD at the time of soil incubation resulted in a substantial reduction in CH ( 4 ) production ( 31% over that of untreated control ) .
Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil .
Application of the third dose of DCD maintained CH ( 4 ) production almost to the same extent as that of second application .
The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil .
Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population .
Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Second repeat application of DCD , on the contrary , annulled the inhibitory effect on CH ( 4 ) production , restoring it to the level of unamended soil .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The alleviation of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production was linked to the enhanced degradation of DCD following its repeated application to the flooded soil .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Admittedly , abatement of the initial inhibitory effect of DCD on CH ( 4 ) production in soil repeatedly amended with DCD was also related to the inhibition of CH ( 4 ) -oxidizing bacterial population and noticeable stimulation of heterotrophic bacterial population .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Results suggest that repeat application of DCD with fertilizer-N to flooded rice soils might not be effective in controlling CH ( 4 ) production under field condition .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Testing for gene x environment interaction effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated antisocial behavior .
| | Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17579368 Accession (PMID): 17579368 | | Abstract: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders .
In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions .
In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight .
First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses .
Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis .
The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed .
The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) .
These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder .
There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish on the forestomach epithelium of mice and esophageal epithelium of rats ] | | Journal: Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi Year: 1986 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3568985 Accession (PMID): 3568985 | | Abstract: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats .
The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats .
When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) .
Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium .
The incidence was only 37 . 5% .
However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma .
The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference .
The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats .
NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet .
While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% .
It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Biological evaluation of an infant food based on soybean , rice and banana ] | | Journal: Year: 1985 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3938938 Accession (PMID): 3938938 | | Abstract: An infant food , a mixture of soy , rice and banana was biologically evaluated in three studies carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats .
In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied .
Results indicated that an equal nutritive value as that of milk is obtained when 50% of the vegetable protein is replaced by animal protein .
The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed .
In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated .
Results revealed a significant improvement of the product quality with lysine supplementation , a finding that implies thermal protein damage caused by industrial processing .
In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated .
Such values , as determined , correspond to 343 to 655 ml of fluid milk per 100 g of the cereal product .
It was also found that milk complements and improves the nutritive value of the product at equal statistical ( P less than 0 . 05 ) values as those of milk . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the first assay , the caloric supplementation and milk protein complementation effect on the nutritive value of the product was studied .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The fact that caloric supplementation does not exert any positive effect on the nutritive value of the infant food , under the conditions of the study , was also confirmed .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the second assay , the effect of amino acid ( lysine and methionine ) supplementation was evaluated .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the third study , whole milk supplementation effect at the levels that the product could be offered in school lunch programs and Nutrition and Education Centers was investigated .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture : an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10570123 Accession (PMID): 10570123 | | Abstract: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed .
The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance .
Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China .
The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution .
Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions .
Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat .
Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% .
Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents .
I Effects on bird performance and toe ash .
| | Journal: Br . Poult . Sci . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10670679 Accession (PMID): 10670679 | | Abstract: 1 .
Seven-day old male broilers ( n=900 ) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid ( 10 . 4 , 13 . 2 and 15 . 7 g/kg ; equivalent to 2 . 9 , 3 . 7 and 4 . 4 g/kg phytate phosphorus ) , 2 of non-phytate phosphorus ( 2 . 3 and 4 . 5 g/kg ) and 3 of microbial phytase ( Natuphos 5000 L ; 0 , 400 and 800 FTU/kg ) in a 19-d trial The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard .
2 .
Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens ( 10 birds/pen ) from 7 to 25 d of age .
Records of body weight , food intake and mortality were maintained .
On d 25 , all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements .
3 .
Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain , food intake and food/gain .
These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase .
4 .
Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions .
5 .
Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction .
Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction .
6 .
In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg .
7 .
The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Treatment of gastrointestinal viruses .
| | Journal: Novartis Found . Symp . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11444033 Accession (PMID): 11444033 | | Abstract: The most common enteric viruses responsible for diarrhoea are rotavirus , enteric adenoviruses , caliciviruses including the Norwalk agent and astrovirus .
These infections are usually mild to moderate in severity , self-limiting and of short duration and thus , specific antiviral therapy is not recommended .
The standard management of these infections is restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance and then maintenance of hydration until the infection resolves .
WHO oral rehydration therapy ( ORT ) was introduced about 30 years ago and has saved the lives of many infants and young children .
During the last 10 years it has become evident that the efficacy of ORT can be increased by reducing the osmolality of the WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) to produce a relatively hypotonic solution .
Hypotonic ORS appears to be safe and effective in all forms of acute diarrhoea in childhood .
Complex substrate ORS , which is also usually hypotonic , has been shown to have increased efficacy in cholera but not in other bacterial or viral diarrhoeas .
Nevertheless , the scientific rationale for using rice or resistant starch as substrate in ORS is of physiological interest Other treatments such as hyperimmune bovine colostrum , probiotics and antiviral agents are largely experimental and have not been introduced into routine clinical practice .
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in the immunocompromised although it has been reported in immunocompetent individuals .
CMV infects both the oesophagus and colon to produce oesophagitis , often with discrete ulcers , and colitis , respectively .
Both conditions can be treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet .
Failure to respond to monotherapy is an indication to use both agents concurrently .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: During the last 10 years it has become evident that the efficacy of ORT can be increased by reducing the osmolality of the WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) to produce a relatively hypotonic solution .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hypotonic ORS appears to be safe and effective in all forms of acute diarrhoea in childhood .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Complex substrate ORS , which is also usually hypotonic , has been shown to have increased efficacy in cholera but not in other bacterial or viral diarrhoeas .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Quantitative structure-activity studies of insect growth regulators : XVIII .
Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata .
| | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11561414 Accession (PMID): 11561414 | | Abstract: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted .
The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures .
The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported .
Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity .
The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds .
Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound .
Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Environmental exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce renal tubular dysfunction does not affect bone density among female Japanese farmers .
| | Journal: Environ . Res . Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15476737 Accession (PMID): 15476737 | | Abstract: Some recent research suggests that environmental exposure to cadmium , even at low levels , may increase the risk of osteoporosis , and that the bone demineralization is not just a secondary effect of renal dysfunction induced by high doses of cadmium as previously reported .
To investigate the effect of exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce kidney damage on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and bone metabolism , we conducted health examinations on 1380 female farmers from five districts in Japan who consumed rice contaminated by low-to-moderate levels of cadmium .
We collected peripheral blood and urine samples and medical and nutritional information , and measured forearm BMD .
Analysis of the data for subjects grouped by urinary cadmium level and age-related menstrual status suggested that cadmium accelerates both the increase of urinary calcium excretion around the time of menopause and the subsequent decrease in bone density after menopause .
However , multivariate analyses showed no significant contribution of cadmium to bone density or urinary calcium excretion , indicating that the results mentioned above were confounded by other factors .
These results indicate that environmental exposure to cadmium at levels insufficient to induce renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of osteoporosis , strongly supporting the established explanation for bone injury induced by cadmium as a secondary effect . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some recent research suggests that environmental exposure to cadmium , even at low levels , may increase the risk of osteoporosis , and that the bone demineralization is not just a secondary effect of renal dysfunction induced by high doses of cadmium as previously reported .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To investigate the effect of exposure to cadmium at a level insufficient to induce kidney damage on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and bone metabolism , we conducted health examinations on 1380 female farmers from five districts in Japan who consumed rice contaminated by low-to-moderate levels of cadmium .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that environmental exposure to cadmium at levels insufficient to induce renal dysfunction does not increase the risk of osteoporosis , strongly supporting the established explanation for bone injury induced by cadmium as a secondary effect .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) of the rice leaffolder , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( Insecta : Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
| | Journal: Ecotoxicol . Environ . Saf . Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16033698 Accession (PMID): 16033698 | | Abstract: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated .
Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination .
When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration .
There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested .
The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition .
Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Global assessment of nitrogen fertilizer : the SCOPE/IGBP nitrogen fertilizer rapid assessment project .
| | Journal: Sci .
China , C , Life Sci .
Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16512199 Accession (PMID): 16512199 | | Abstract: Nitrogen ( N ) availability is a key role in food and fiber production .
Providing plant-available N through synthetic fertilizer in the 20th and early 21st century has been a major contributor to the increased production required to feed and clothe the growing human population .
To continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems , significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems .
There are still major uncertainties regarding the fate of fertilizer N added to agricultural soils and the potential for reducing losses to the environment .
Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment , and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer project .
To address this important issue , a rapid assessment project on N fertilizer ( NFRAP ) was conducted by SCOPE ( the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment ) during late 2003 and early 2004 .
This was the first formal project of the International Nitrogen Initiative ( INI ) .
As part of this assessment , a successful international workshop was held in Kampala , Uganda on 12 -16 January , 2004 .
This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems , with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the environment .
Regionalization of the assessment highlighted the problems of too little N for crop production to meet the nutrient requirements of sub-Saharan Africa and the oversupply of N in the major rice-growing areas of China .
The results of the assessment are presented in a book ( SCOPE 65 ) which is now available to provide a basis for further discussions on N fertilizer .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To continue to meet the global demands and to minimize environmental problems , significant improvements are needed in the efficiency with which fertilizer N is utilized within production systems .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enhancing the technical and economic efficiency of fertilizer N is seen to promote a favorable situation for both agricultural production and the environment , and this has provided much of the impetus for a new N fertilizer project .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: This workshop brought together scientists from around the world to assess the fate of synthetic fertilizer N in the context of overall N inputs to agricultural systems , with a view to enhancing the efficiency of N use and reducing negative impacts on the environment .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Impact assessment of cadmium contamination on rice ( Oryza sativa L ) seedlings at molecular and population levels using multiple biomarkers .
| | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17184821 Accession (PMID): 17184821 | | Abstract: Assessment of environmental contamination on ecology ( plant ) at molecular and population levels is important in risk quantification and remediation study .
Random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) assay and related other fingerprinting techniques have been employed to detect the genotoxin-induced DNA damage and mutations .
This research compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium ( Cd ) concentrations of 15-60mgl ( -1 ) for 8 days with quartz sand culture .
Inhibition of root growth and increase of total soluble protein content in root tips of rice seedlings were observed with the increase of Cd concentration .
For the RAPD analyses , 12 RAPD primers of 50-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 180 bands of 179-3056 bp in molecular size in the control root tips of rice seedlings .
Results produced by these RAPD primers indicate that changes in RAPD profiles of root tips after Cd treatment include modifications in band intensity and gain or loss of bands by comparison with control .
The effect of changes was dose-dependent .
Genomic template stability compares favourably with the traditional indices such as root growth and soluble protein content .
The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd contamination on plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: This research compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium ( Cd ) concentrations of 15-60mgl ( -1 ) for 8 days with quartz sand culture .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of changes was dose-dependent .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd contamination on plants .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Rice Allelopathy Induced by Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl Salicylate .
| | Journal: Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17415624 Accession (PMID): 17415624 | | Abstract: Methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) and methyl salicylate ( MeSA ) are important signaling molecules that induce plant defense against insect herbivores and microbial pathogens .
We tested the hypothesis that allelopathy is an inducible defense mechanism , and that the JA and SA signaling pathways may activate allelochemicals release .
Exogenous application of MeJA and MeSA to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) enhanced rice allelopathic potential and led to accumulation of phenolics , an increase in enzymatic activities , and gene transcription of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ( C4H ) , two key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway .
Aqueous extracts of the leaves of rice IAC165 , a putative allelopathic variety , treated with MeSA ( 5 mM ) or MeJA ( 0 . 05 mM ) , showed increased inhibitory effects ( 25 and 21% , respectively ) on root growth of barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli L ) , and increased inhibitory effects ( 18 and 23% , respectively ) on shoot growth .
Aqueous extracts from leaves of Huajingxian 1 rice , a putative nonallelopathic variety treated with MeJA and MeSA , caused 63 and 24% inhibition of root growth in barnyardgrass seedlings .
The root exudates of both IAC165 and Huajingxian 1 plants treated with MeJA and MeSA for 48 hr also showed significant increases in their inhibitory effects on root growth of barnyardgrass seedlings .
At the four-leaf stage , levels of 3 , 4-hydroxybenzoic acid , vanillic acid , coumaric acid , and ferulic acid that accumulated in the leaves were 5 . 3- , 31 . 3- , 2 . 2- , and 1 . 7-fold higher in response to MeJA exposure , and 3 . 3- , 13 . 1- , 2 . 0- , and 2 . 2-fold higher in response to MeSA .
Treatments of MeSA and MeJA enhanced the PAL activity in the rice leaves up to 52 . 3 and 80 . 1% , respectively , whereas C4H activity was increased by 40 . 2 and 67% .
Gene transcription of PAL and C4H in rice leaves significantly increased after the plants were subjected to treatment with MeJA and MeSA .
These results suggest that allelopathy may be an active defense mechanism , and that plant signaling compounds are potentially valuable in its regulation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Aqueous extracts of the leaves of rice IAC165 , a putative allelopathic variety , treated with MeSA ( 5 mM ) or MeJA ( 0 . 05 mM ) , showed increased inhibitory effects ( 25 and 21% , respectively ) on root growth of barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli L ) , and increased inhibitory effects ( 18 and 23% , respectively ) on shoot growth .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The root exudates of both IAC165 and Huajingxian 1 plants treated with MeJA and MeSA for 48 hr also showed significant increases in their inhibitory effects on root growth of barnyardgrass seedlings .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema .
| | Journal: Ophthalmology Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18662829 Accession (PMID): 18662829 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone in comparison with focal/grid photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema ( DME ) .
DESIGN : Multicenter , randomized clinical trial PARTICIPANTS : Eight hundred forty study eyes of 693 subjects with DME involving the fovea and with visual acuity of 20/40 to 20/320 .
METHODS : Eyes were randomized to focal/grid photocoagulation ( n = 330 ) , 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone ( n = 256 ) , or 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone ( n = 254 ) .
Retreatment was given for persistent or new edema at 4-month intervals .
The primary outcome was evaluated at 2 years .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Visual acuity measured with the electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study method ( primary ) , optical coherence tomography-measured retinal thickness ( secondary ) , and safety .
RESULTS : At 4 months , mean visual acuity was better in the 4-mg triamcinolone group than in either the laser group ( P<0 . 001 ) or the 1-mg triamcinolone group ( P = 0 . 001 ) .
By 1 year , there were no significant differences among groups in mean visual acuity .
At the 16-month visit and extending through the primary outcome visit at 2 years , mean visual acuity was better in the laser group than in the other 2 groups ( at 2 years , P = 0 . 02 comparing the laser and 1-mg groups , P = 0 . 002 comparing the laser and 4-mg groups , and P = 0 . 49 comparing the 1-mg and 4-mg groups ) .
Treatment group differences in the visual acuity outcome could not be attributed solely to cataract formation .
Optical coherence tomography results generally paralleled the visual acuity results .
Intraocular pressure increased from baseline by 10 mmHg or more at any visit in 4% , 16% , and 33% of eyes in the 3 treatment groups , respectively , and cataract surgery was performed in 13% , 23% , and 51% of eyes in the 3 treatment groups , respectively .
CONCLUSIONS : Over a 2-year period , focal/grid photocoagulation is more effective and has fewer side effects than 1-mg or 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone for most patients with DME who have characteristics similar to the cohort in this clinical trial The results of this study also support that focal/grid photocoagulation currently should be the benchmark against which other treatments are compared in clinical trials of DME .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : Over a 2-year period , focal/grid photocoagulation is more effective and has fewer side effects than 1-mg or 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone for most patients with DME who have characteristics similar to the cohort in this clinical trial The results of this study also support that focal/grid photocoagulation currently should be the benchmark against which other treatments are compared in clinical trials of DME .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone in comparison with focal/grid photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema ( DME ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Missing in action : the effect of obstacle position and size on avoidance while reaching .
| | Journal: Exp Brain Res Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18716765 Accession (PMID): 18716765 | | Abstract: When reaching to objects , our hand and arm rarely collide with non-target objects , even if our workspace is cluttered .
The simplicity of these actions hides what must be a relatively sophisticated obstacle avoidance system .
Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) .
The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace .
In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration .
We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects .
These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip .
Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand .
In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth .
Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall .
We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects .
Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach .
Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects .
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Diet dilution and compensatory growth in broilers .
| | Journal: Poult . Sci . Year: 1991 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1876563 Accession (PMID): 1876563 | | Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to note the response of broiler chickens to degrees of diet dilution from 4 to 11 days of age .
In Experiment 1 , broilers were fed conventional broiler diets from 0 to 4 and 11 to 56 days of age .
From 4 to 11 days , birds were fed a conventional corn and soybean meal broiler starter , or the same diet in which major nutrients were replaced with 25 , 40 , or 55% ground rice hulls .
Mineral and vitamin sources were not affected by dilution .
Each of the three diluted diets together with an undiluted control diet was fed to three replicate floor pen groups of 30 male or 30 female broilers .
In a second similar experiment , male birds were fed a regular broiler starter from 4 to 11 days or a diet diluted with 50% rice hulls .
In this second experiment , rice hulls were substituted for all ingredients including those providing vitamin and mineral supplements .
In Experiment 1 , diet dilution resulted in a significant ( P less than . 05 ) reduction in body weight at 11 days of age , although by 42 days there was complete recovery of body weight with no change in overall efficiency of feed utilization .
This same trend was seen in both sexes .
Calculation of energy balance suggests these birds to have used energy very efficiently during the period of undernutrition .
Diet dilution had no effect on carcass characteristics at 42 days , although for males at 56 days there was an indication of reduced abdominal fat content ( P less than . 05 ) .
In Experiment 2 , compensatory gain was incomplete , although results were confounded due to an outbreak of infectious bronchitis . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Experiment 1 , diet dilution resulted in a significant ( P less than . 05 ) reduction in body weight at 11 days of age , although by 42 days there was complete recovery of body weight with no change in overall efficiency of feed utilization .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Calculation of energy balance suggests these birds to have used energy very efficiently during the period of undernutrition .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Diet dilution had no effect on carcass characteristics at 42 days , although for males at 56 days there was an indication of reduced abdominal fat content ( P less than . 05 ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Subcellular localization of the amide class herbicide 3 , 4-dichloropropionanilide ( DCPA ) in T cells and hepatocytes .
| | Journal: J Toxicol Environ Health A Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19953415 Accession (PMID): 19953415 | | Abstract: 3 , 4-Dichloropropionanilide ( DCPA ) , or propanil , a post-emergent herbicide used on rice and wheat crops in the United States , is immunotoxic in vivo and in vitro .
Although it has been documented that DCPA exerts differential effects on specific immune cell types and is toxic to the liver , the way in which DCPA modulates intracellular functions leading to these effects is less understood .
In this study , Jurkat T cells and hepatocytes from C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to 100 microM DCPA for 1 . 5 h .
Following incubation , subcellular fractions of each cell type were isolated .
DCPA , when present , was removed from each cell fraction by liquid-liquid extraction .
The extraction product was then analyzed for the presence of DCPA using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) .
The cellular uptake of DCPA was monitored by detection of the molecular ion and product ion of DCPA .
The analyses demonstrate that DCPA , a lipophilic compound , localizes primarily in the cytosol of T cells and hepatocytes .
These results indicate that DCPA is able to cross the plasma membrane and is accessible to intracellular immunomodulatory effectors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Although it has been documented that DCPA exerts differential effects on specific immune cell types and is toxic to the liver , the way in which DCPA modulates intracellular functions leading to these effects is less understood .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that DCPA is able to cross the plasma membrane and is accessible to intracellular immunomodulatory effectors .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Glycine-rich RNA binding protein of Oryza sativa inhibits growth of M15 E coli cells .
| | Journal: BMC Res Notes Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21269485 Accession (PMID): 21269485 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins have been implicated to have roles in diverse abiotic stresses .
FINDINGS : E coli M15 cells transformed with full-length rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4 ) , truncated rice glycine-rich RNA binding protein4 ( OsGR-RBP4DeltaC ) and rice FK506 binding protein ( OsFKBP20 ) were analyzed for growth profiles using both broth and solid media .
Expression of OsGR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC proteins caused specific , inhibitory effect on growth of recombinant M15 E coli cells .
The bacterial inhibition was shown to be time and incubation temperature dependent .
Removal of the inducer , IPTG , resulted in re-growth of the cells , indicating that effect of the foreign proteins was of reversible nature .
Although noted at different levels of dilution factors , addition of purified Os-GR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC showed a similar inhibitory effect as seen with expression inside the bacterial cells .
CONCLUSIONS : Expression of eukaryotic , stress-associated OsGR-RBP4 protein in prokaryotic E coli M15 cells proves injurious to the growth of the bacterial cells .
E coli genome does not appear to encode for any protein that has significant homology to OsGR-RBP4 protein .
Therefore , the mechanism of inhibition appears to be due to some illegitimate interactions of the OsGR-RBP4 with possibly the RNA species of the trans-host bacterial cells .
The detailed mechanism underlying this inhibition remains to be worked out .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression of OsGR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC proteins caused specific , inhibitory effect on growth of recombinant M15 E coli cells .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Removal of the inducer , IPTG , resulted in re-growth of the cells , indicating that effect of the foreign proteins was of reversible nature .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although noted at different levels of dilution factors , addition of purified Os-GR-RBP4 and OsGR-RBP4DeltaC showed a similar inhibitory effect as seen with expression inside the bacterial cells .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A rice phenolic efflux transporter is essential for solubilizing precipitated apoplasmic iron in the plant stele .
| | Journal: J Biol Chem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21602276 Accession (PMID): 21602276 | | Abstract: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance .
To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid .
The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet .
Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice .
We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) .
PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes .
PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots .
In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased .
The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele .
We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables , fruits , and cereals using modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry .
| | Journal: Anal Chim Acta Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21819870 Accession (PMID): 21819870 | | Abstract: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed .
The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) .
This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method .
Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent .
Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers .
Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method .
The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan .
The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: [ Clinical study on the treatment of abnormal blood lipids complicated with carotid atherosclerosis with lipid-reducing red rice minute powder : a randomized controlled trial ] .
| | Journal: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22013794 Accession (PMID): 22013794 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To observe the clinical effects of lipid-reducing red rice minute powder ( LRRMP ) on the levels of blood lipids , carotid arery intima-media thickness ( IMT ) , and the plaque integral of hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis .
METHODS : This study was conducted from April 2005 to April 2006 according to inclusion criteria .
Sixty hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( 20 cases ) , the Chinese medicine control group ( CM control group , 20 cases ) , and the Western medicine control group ( WM control group , 20 cases ) .
They were recruited from the community of secondary machine tool factory of Jinan .
Patients in the treatment group took LRRMP ( 175 mg/pill ) , one pill each time , twice daily .
Patients in the CM control group took Xuezhikang Capsule ( 300 mg/pill ) , 2 pills each time , twice daily .
Patients in the WM control group took Lovastatin Tablet ( 20 mg/tablet ) , 1 tablet each time , once daily .
The course of treatment was 6 successive months for all .
They avoided taking any lipid-regulating or anti-atherosclerotic drugs during the therapeutic course .
The changes of Chinese medicine symptom scores , serum TC , TG , LDL-C , and HDL-C levels , IMT of the carotid artery , and the plaque integral before and after treatment were observed .
RESULTS : After 6 months of treatment the Chinese medicine symptom scores reduced in each group ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , and the treatment group was superior to WM control group ( P<0 . 05 ) .
Serum TC , TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lowered ( P<0 . 05 or P<0 . 01 ) , showing no significant difference in inter-group comparison ( P>0 . 05 ) .
There was no statistical significance of the serum HDL-C level in each group ( P>0 . 05 ) .
The IMT and the plaque integral significantly reduced ( P<0 . 05 , P<0 . 01 ) , showing no statistical difference among all groups .
One patient in the WM control group dropped out because of transaminase elevation .
No serious adverse reaction correlated with the drugs occurred during the therapeutic course in the rest two groups .
CONCLUSIONS : LRRMP showed definite effects on lipid-regulating and antiatherosclerosis .
Its effects were equivalent to Xuezhikang Capsule and Lovastatin Tablet .
Besides , it was safe and economic , and deserved further studies .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To observe the clinical effects of lipid-reducing red rice minute powder ( LRRMP ) on the levels of blood lipids , carotid arery intima-media thickness ( IMT ) , and the plaque integral of hyperlipidemia patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis .
[ Sen. 17, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSIONS : LRRMP showed definite effects on lipid-regulating and antiatherosclerosis .
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Its effects were equivalent to Xuezhikang Capsule and Lovastatin Tablet .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A nutraceutical combination improves insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome .
| | Journal: World J Cardiol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22451856 Accession (PMID): 22451856 | | Abstract: AIM : To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .
METHODS : Sixty-four patients with MetS followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a proprietary nutraceutical combination ( AP ) consisting of berberine , policosanol and red yeast rice , in a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .
Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 18 wk of treatment .
The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index was the primary outcome measure .
Secondary endpoints included lipid panel , blood glucose and insulin fasting , after a standard mixed meal and after an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) , flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) , and waist circumference .
RESULTS : Fifty nine patients completed the study , 2 withdrew because of adverse effects .
After 18 wk there was a significant reduction in the HOMA-IR index in the AP group compared with placebo ( DeltaHOMA respectively -0 . 6 +/- 1 . 2 vs 0 . 4 +/- 1 . 9 ; P < 0 . 05 ) .
Total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased in the treatment arm compared with placebo ( Deltalow density lipoprotein cholesterol -0 . 82 +/- 0 . 68 vs -0 . 13 +/- 0 . 55 mmol/L ; P < 0 . 001 ) , while triglycerides , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , and the OGTT were not affected .
In addition , there were significant reductions in blood glucose and insulin after the standard mixed meal , as well as an increase in FMD ( DeltaFMD 1 . 9 +/- 4 . 2 vs 0 +/- 1 . 9 % ; P < 0 . 05 ) and a significant reduction in arterial systolic blood pressure in the AP arm .
CONCLUSION : This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: RESULTS : Fifty nine patients completed the study , 2 withdrew because of adverse effects .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Rice starch low sodium oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) in infantile diarrhoea .
| | Journal: Med .
J Malaysia Year: 1995 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7565183 Accession (PMID): 7565183 | | Abstract: The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium ( sodium of 60 mmol/L ) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ; sodium 90 mmol/L ) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea .
Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group .
However , the mean frequency of stools was greater and the duration of stay longer in the WHO ORS group compared to the rice starch low sodium group .
There were 5 cases of hypernatremia in the WHO ORS group as opposed to only one in the rice starch low sodium ORS group .
The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relative efficacy and incidence of hypernatremia of a rice starch based low sodium ( sodium of 60 mmol/L ) oral electrolyte solution was compared to the standard WHO oral rehydration solution ( ORS ; sodium 90 mmol/L ) in 60 infants with non choleragenic acute diarrhoea .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both solutions were found to be equally effective in correcting dehydration as determined by the respective post hydration weight gain which was 150 +/- 175 gms in the rice starch low sodium ORS group and 164 +/- 125 gms in the standard WHO ORS group .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The present study shows that a rice starch low sodium ORS was as effective as the standard WHO ORS and had a lower incidence of hypernatremia in the fluid and electrolyte management of infants with non choleragenic diarrhoea .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Selective inhibition of Colorado potato beetle cathepsin H by oryzacystatins I and II .
| | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8405400 Accession (PMID): 8405400 | | Abstract: The use of oryzacystatins I and II , two cysteine proteinase inhibitors naturally produced in rice grains , represents an attractive way for the control of Coleoptera insect pests .
The present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) .
Both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity , but maximal inhibitions ranged from 20 to 80% for pHs varying from 5 . 0 to 7 . 0 , respectively .
This pH-dependent efficiency of plant cystatins was due to the selective inactivation of potato beetle cathepsin H , as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors with different specificities against cathepsins B and H These results demonstrate the importance of having an adequate knowledge of insect proteinases specifically recognized by the inhibitors to be used in pest control strategies .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The present study was done to analyze the inhibitory effect of recombinant oryzacystatins produced in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins against digestive proteinases of the major pest Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ) .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Both inhibitors had a significant effect on total proteolytic activity , but maximal inhibitions ranged from 20 to 80% for pHs varying from 5 . 0 to 7 . 0 , respectively .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This pH-dependent efficiency of plant cystatins was due to the selective inactivation of potato beetle cathepsin H , as demonstrated by the use of inhibitors with different specificities against cathepsins B and H These results demonstrate the importance of having an adequate knowledge of insect proteinases specifically recognized by the inhibitors to be used in pest control strategies .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Some aspects of the biology and control using botanicals of the rice moth , Corcyra cephalonica ( Stainton ) , on some pulses .
| | Journal: Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10758262 Accession (PMID): 10758262 | | Abstract: The life cycle of Corcyra cephalonica was studied under ambient laboratory conditions ( temperature range 27 . 5-30 degrees C and 60-73% r . h . ) on groundnut , bambara groundnut and cowpea .
The mean developmental period ranged from 33 . 2+/-0 . 2 to 45 . 3+/-1 . 8 days on whole , broken and powdered forms of the food media .
Egg hatchability was found to be 83% , while adult longevity ranged from 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 11 . 9+/-1 . 3 days for males and 1 . 5+/-0 . 5 to 16 . 5+/-1 . 2 days for females .
Sex ratio ( male symbol : female symbol ) of emerged adults ranged from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 . 1 .
Mean fecundities ranged from 128+/-5 to 157+/-8 on the food media .
In experiments to assess the insecticidal potential of three plant materials against C cephalonica , Eichhornia crassipes powder showed a higher efficacy than both Citrus sinensis peel powder and the leaf powder of Chromolaena odorata at dosages of 0 . 5-2 . 0 g per 40 g of legume seed .
At the higher dosage of 2 . 5 g , C sinensis was more effective and reduced the population of C cephalonica by half when compared to the population in control jars over a period of 1 . 5 months .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In experiments to assess the insecticidal potential of three plant materials against C cephalonica , Eichhornia crassipes powder showed a higher efficacy than both Citrus sinensis peel powder and the leaf powder of Chromolaena odorata at dosages of 0 . 5-2 . 0 g per 40 g of legume seed .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: At the higher dosage of 2 . 5 g , C sinensis was more effective and reduced the population of C cephalonica by half when compared to the population in control jars over a period of 1 . 5 months .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Accumulation of ammonium in rice leaves in response to excess cadmium .
| | Journal: Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10908811 Accession (PMID): 10908811 | | Abstract: The relationship between ammonium accumulation and senescence of detached rice leaves caused by excess cadmium ( Cd ) was investigated .
CdCl ( 2 ) was effective in increasing ammonium content in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions .
Both CdCl ( 2 ) and CdSO ( 4 ) induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves , indicating that ammonium accumulation is induced by Cd ions .
CdCl ( 2 ) -promoted senescence and ammonium accumulation is not specific for the rice cultivar used in this study .
The senescence of detached rice leaves induced by CdCl ( 2 ) was found to be prior to ammonium accumulation .
CdCl ( 2 ) induces more ammonium accumulation in the dark than in the light .
However , CdCl ( 2 ) treatment was found to be less effective in promoting senescence in the dark than in the light .
The current results suggest that ammonium accumulation is not associated with the senescence of detached rice leaves induced by Cd .
Evidence was presented to show that CdCl ( 2 ) -induced ammonium accumulation in detached rice leaves is attributed to a decrease in glutamine synthetase ( GS ) activity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: CdCl ( 2 ) was effective in increasing ammonium content in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , CdCl ( 2 ) treatment was found to be less effective in promoting senescence in the dark than in the light .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Striving for sustainable wildlife management : the case of Kilombero Game Controlled Area , Tanzania .
| | Journal: J Environ . Manage . Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12395585 Accession (PMID): 12395585 | | Abstract: The sustainability of wildlife resources in Africa is threatened by poaching for trophies and meat as well as changes in land use .
In order to motivate local people for sustainable wildlife management , efforts to transfer decision-making power as well as benefits from central to local level have been made in several countries .
Such efforts have not yet been seen in Kilombero Game Controlled Area , which is the area covered by the present study .
The paper documents the importance of wildlife to local people , explores local peoples perceptions on wildlife management and identifies constraints to sustainable wildlife management .
A total of 177 household interviews in 5 villages and 129 interviews of pupils in schools have been conducted .
The majority of pupils reported that their latest meal of meat was from a wild animal , and the most common species was buffalo .
Apart from availability of cheap wildlife meat , advantages from living close to wildlife include the use of various parts of animals for , eg medical and ritual uses , and various plant products from wildlife habitats .
Disadvantages include damages to crops , predation on livestock , and injuries to humans .
The estimated loss of yield due to raiding by wildlife amounted to 21 . 9 and 47 . 8% of the harvest of rice and maize , respectively .
Traditional wildlife management in Kilombero includes few rules to avoid resource depletion , because depletion has traditionally not been a problem due to low hunting technology and low human population .
Government management includes strict rules , with hunting quotas as the main instrument , but the government has failed to enforce the rules .
Ongoing discussions on new approaches to wildlife management like co-management and community-based management were largely unknown to the villagers in the area .
Both poaching and agricultural expansion threaten the sustainability of Kilombero Game Controlled Area .
It is suggested that transfers of decision-making power and benefits to local people is necessary in order to achieve sustainable management .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to motivate local people for sustainable wildlife management , efforts to transfer decision-making power as well as benefits from central to local level have been made in several countries .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Such efforts have not yet been seen in Kilombero Game Controlled Area , which is the area covered by the present study .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Arsenic in cooked rice in Bangladesh .
| | Journal: Lancet Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12480363 Accession (PMID): 12480363 | | Abstract: In Bangladesh , rice is boiled with an excessive amount of water , and the water remaining after cooking will be discarded .
We did an on-site experiment to assess the effect of this cooking method on the amount of arsenic retained in cooked rice .
The concentration of arsenic in cooked rice was higher than that in raw rice and absorbed water combined , suggesting a chelating effect by rice grains , or concentration of arsenic because of water evaporation during cooking , or both .
The method of cooking and water used can affect the amount of arsenic in cooked rice , which will have implications for the assessment of the health risks of arsenic . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We did an on-site experiment to assess the effect of this cooking method on the amount of arsenic retained in cooked rice .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The concentration of arsenic in cooked rice was higher than that in raw rice and absorbed water combined , suggesting a chelating effect by rice grains , or concentration of arsenic because of water evaporation during cooking , or both .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of resistance to three bruchid species ( Callosobruchus spp . , Coleoptera , Bruchidae ) in cultivated rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ) .
| | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12650364 Accession (PMID): 12650364 | | Abstract: Resistance of wild and cultivated rice bean ( Vigna umbellata [ Thunberg ] Ohwi and Ohashi ) to three bruchid species , Callosobruchus chinensis L , Callosobruchus maculatus F , and Callosobruchus analis F , was evaluated .
All but three accessions of cultivated , and all wild rice bean accessions tested , exhibited complete resistance to all three bruchid species .
Rice bean seeds with seed coat removed also showed complete resistance to the three bruchid species .
Results indicate that physical attributes and/or chemical ( s ) present in the seed coat of rice bean are not the main factors responsible for resistance .
Feeding tests were performed by using artificial beans prepared with varying proportions of rice bean ( resistant ) and azuki bean ( susceptible ) flour .
Number of bruchid adults that emerged decreased , and larval developmental period ( days ) was extended , when artificial beans with an increasing proportion of rice bean flour were used .
These tests revealed that a chemical compound ( s ) contained in the cotyledon of rice bean has an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bruchid species .
The results also indicate that the chemical ( s ) in rice bean cotyledon is most effective against C maculatus .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These tests revealed that a chemical compound ( s ) contained in the cotyledon of rice bean has an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bruchid species .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results also indicate that the chemical ( s ) in rice bean cotyledon is most effective against C maculatus .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Removal of selenate in simulated agricultural drainage water by a rice straw bioreactor channel system .
| | Journal: J Environ .
Qual Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14535305 Accession (PMID): 14535305 | | Abstract: Removal of selenium ( Se ) from agricultural drainage water is important in protecting wetland wildlife .
Three flow-through bioreactor channel systems ( BCSs ) , each with three channels filled with rice ( Oryza sativa L ) straw , were set in the laboratory to determine removal of selenate [ Se ( VI ) ] ( 1020 microg L ( -1 ) ) from drainage water with a salinity of 10 . 4 dS m ( -1 ) , a pH of 8 . 1 , and a nitrate ( NO3- ) range of 0 to 100 mg L ( -1 ) .
Results showed that the rice straw effectively reduced Se ( VI ) during 122 to 165 d of the experiments .
Calculation of Se mass in the three BCSs showed that 89 . 5 to 91 . 9% of the input Se ( VI ) was reduced to red elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] , where 96 . 6 to 98 . 2% was trapped in the BCSs .
Losses of each gram of rice straw were almost equal to the removal of 1 . 66 mg of Se from the drainage water as a form of red Se ( 0 ) , indicating that rice straw is a very effective organic source for removing Se ( VI ) from drainage water . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Results showed that the rice straw effectively reduced Se ( VI ) during 122 to 165 d of the experiments .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Losses of each gram of rice straw were almost equal to the removal of 1 . 66 mg of Se from the drainage water as a form of red Se ( 0 ) , indicating that rice straw is a very effective organic source for removing Se ( VI ) from drainage water .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride .
| | Journal: J Zhejiang Univ . Sci . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14674022 Accession (PMID): 14674022 | | Abstract: Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes ( CWDEs ) , ech42 , nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305 . 2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants .
More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations ( for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations ) were obtained .
The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani , while the exochitinase-encoding gene , nag70 , had lesser effect .
The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance .
Nevertheless , exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics .
Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78 .
A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease .
Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level .
This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani , while the exochitinase-encoding gene , nag70 , had lesser effect .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nevertheless , exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Role of Gibberellin in the Growth Response of Submerged Deep Water Rice .
| | Journal: Year: 1984 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16663977 Accession (PMID): 16663977 | | Abstract: We have shown previously that ethylene , which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged stem sections of rice ( Oryza sativa L cv "Habiganj Aman II" ) , is involved in regulating the growth response caused by submergence .
The role of gibberellins in the submergence response was studied using tetcyclacis ( TCY ) , a new plant growth retardant , which inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis .
Stem sections excised from plants that had been watered with a solution of 1 micromolar TCY for 7 to 10 days did not elongate when submerged in the same solution or when exposed to 1 microliter per liter ethylene in air .
Gibberellic acid ( GA ( 3 ) ) at 0 . 3 micromolar overcame the effect of TCY and restored the rapid internodal elongation in submerged and ethylene-treated sections to the levels observed in control sections that had not been treated with TCY .
The effect of 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 micromolar GA ( 3 ) on internodal elongation was enhanced two to eight-fold when 1 microliter per liter ethylene was added to the air passing through the chamber in which the sections were incubated .
GA ( 3 ) and ethylene caused a similar increase in cell division and cell elongation in rice internodes .
Thus , ethylene may cause internodal elongation in rice by increasing the activity of endogenous GAs .
In internodes from which the leaf sheath had been peeled off , growth in response to submergence , ethylene and GA ( 3 ) was severely inhibited by light . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gibberellic acid ( GA ( 3 ) ) at 0 . 3 micromolar overcame the effect of TCY and restored the rapid internodal elongation in submerged and ethylene-treated sections to the levels observed in control sections that had not been treated with TCY .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 micromolar GA ( 3 ) on internodal elongation was enhanced two to eight-fold when 1 microliter per liter ethylene was added to the air passing through the chamber in which the sections were incubated .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Heritability of the somatotype components in Biscay families .
| | Journal: Homo Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17570368 Accession (PMID): 17570368 | | Abstract: The anthropometric somatotype is a quantitative description of body shape and composition .
Familial studies indicate the existence of a familial resemblance for this phenotype and they suggest a substantial action by genetic factors on this aggregation .
The aim of this study is to examine the degree of familial resemblance of the somatotype components and of a factor of shape , in a sample of Biscay nuclear families ( Basque Country , Spain ) .
One thousand three hundred and thirty nuclear families were analysed .
The anthropometric somatotype components [ Carter , JEL , Heath , BH , 1990 .
Somatotyping .
Development and applications .
Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , p .
503 ] were computed .
Each component was fitted for the other two through a stepwise multiple regression , and also fitted through the LMS method [ Cole , T , 1988 .
Fitting smoothed centile curves to reference data .
J Roy . Stat . Soc . 151 , 385-418 ] in order to eliminate the age , sex and generation effects .
The three raw components were introduced in a PCA from which a shape factor ( PC1 ) was extracted for each generation .
The correlations analysis was performed with the SEGPATH package [ Province , MA , Rao , DC , 1995 .
General purpose model and computer programme for combined segregation and path analysis ( SEGPATH ) : automatically creating computer from symbolic language model specifications .
Genet . Epidemiol . 12 , 203-219 ] .
A general model of transmission and nine reduced models were tested .
Maximal heritability was estimated with the formula of [ Rice , T , Warwick , DE , Gagnon , J , Bouchard , C , Leon , AS , Skinner , JS , Wilmore , JH , Rao , DC , 1997 .
Familial resemblance for body composition measures : the HERITAGE family study .
Obes . Res . 5 , 557-562 ] .
The correlations were higher between offspring than in parents and offspring and a significant resemblance between mating partners existed .
Maximum heritabilities were 55% , 52% and 46% for endomorphy , mesomorphy and ectomorphy , respectively , and 52% for PC1 .
In conclusion , the somatotype presents a moderate degree of familial aggregation .
For the somatotype components , as well as for PC1 , the degree of familial resemblance depends on age .
The sex only has a significant effect on ectomorphy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: J Roy . Stat . Soc . 151 , 385-418 ] in order to eliminate the age , sex and generation effects .
[ Sen. 25, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sex only has a significant effect on ectomorphy .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats .
| | Journal: Dig Dis Sci Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17957470 Accession (PMID): 17957470 | | Abstract: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood , colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation , and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis .
The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined .
Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue .
In another experiment , 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index ( percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon ) and colitis score , which were determined by macroscopic observation .
It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa .
Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis , while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity .
These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ The effect of parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats ] | | Journal: Arch Latinoam Nutr Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18833992 Accession (PMID): 18833992 | | Abstract: Starch is an important energy source and can represent more than 60% of the calories of the human diet .
The starch fraction resistant to enzymatic digestion is called resistant starch .
When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic .
In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats .
The samples with high and medium amylose contents were soaked for 6 h at 65 degrees C , and the low amylose sample for 7 h at 70 degrees C The samples were subsequently autoclaved for 10 minutes at 0 . 7kgf x cm ( -2 ) .
Six male Wistar rats were used for each treatment .
Seven experimental diets were elaborated , formulated according to AIN-93M , the control diet and diets substituting the carbohydrate source with conventional or parboiled rice .
Resistant starch was determined in the diets and glycemia monitored using glucose paper strips , the sample being blood obtained from the distal part of the rats tail .
For the glycemic curve , glycemia was measured in the fasting state and during 90 minutes post-prandial The results indicated there were no significant differences between the diets formulated with high , medium and low amylose , parboiled or conventionally prepared , with respect to fasting or post-prandial glycemia in Wistar rats .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Interventions to lower the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods with a low-viscosity fiber ( resistant maltodextrin ) : meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials .
| | Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19126874 Accession (PMID): 19126874 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : The glycemic response to diet has been linked with noncommunicable diseases and is reduced by low-palatable , viscous , soluble fiber ( 1 ) .
Whether a palatable , low-viscous , soluble fiber such as resistant maltodextrin ( RMD ) has the same effect is unclear .
OBJECTIVE : The objective was to assess evidence on the attenuation of the blood glucose response to foods by < or = 10 g RMD in healthy adults .
DESIGN : We conducted a systematic review of randomized , placebo-controlled trials with the use of fixed and random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression models .
RESULTS : We found data from 37 relevant trials to April 2007 .
These trials investigated the attenuation of the glycemic response to rice , noodles , pastry , bread , and refined carbohydrates that included 30-173 g available carbohydrate .
RMD was administered in drinks or liquid foods or solid foods .
Placebo drinks and foods excluded RMD .
Percentage attenuation was significant , dose-dependent , and independent of the amount of available carbohydrate coingested .
Attenuation of the glycemic response to starchy foods by 6 g RMD in drinks approached approximately 20% , but when placed directly into foods was approximately 10% -- significant ( P < 0 . 001 ) by both modes of administration .
Study quality analyses , funnel plots , and trim-and-fill analyses uncovered no cause of significant systematic bias .
Studies from authors affiliated with organizations for-profit were symmetrical without heterogeneity , whereas marginal asymmetry and significant heterogeneity arose among studies involving authors from nonprofit organizations because of some imprecise studies .
CONCLUSIONS : A nonviscous palatable soluble polysaccharide can attenuate the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods .
Evidence of an effect was stronger for RMD in drinks than in foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Whether a palatable , low-viscous , soluble fiber such as resistant maltodextrin ( RMD ) has the same effect is unclear .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evidence of an effect was stronger for RMD in drinks than in foods .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage it issue engineering : from chondrocytes to it issue regeneration .
| | Journal: Tissue Eng Part B Rev Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19196119 Accession (PMID): 19196119 | | Abstract: Cartilage has a poor intrinsic healing response , and neither the innate healing response nor current clinical treatments can restore its function .
Therefore , articular cartilage it issue engineering is a promising approach for the regeneration of damaged it issue .
Because cartilage is exposed to mechanical forces during joint loading , many it issue engineering strategies use exogenous stimuli to enhance the biochemical or biomechanical properties of the engineered it issue .
Hydrostatic pressure ( HP ) is emerging as arguably one of the most important mechanical stimuli for cartilage , although no optimal treatment has been established across all culture systems .
Therefore , this review evaluates prior studies on articular cartilage involving the use of HP , with a particular emphasis on the treatments that appear promising for use in future studies .
Additionally , this review addresses HP bioreactor design , chondroprotective effects of HP , the use of HP for chondrogenic differentiation , the effects of high pressures , and HP mechanotransduction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: Additionally , this review addresses HP bioreactor design , chondroprotective effects of HP , the use of HP for chondrogenic differentiation , the effects of high pressures , and HP mechanotransduction .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Roles of genes 38 , 39 , and 40 in shutoff of host biosyntheses during infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPO1 .
| | Journal: Virology Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19665746 Accession (PMID): 19665746 | | Abstract: A nonsense mutation in SPO1 gene 40 prevented normal shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis , showing that gp40 is required for the normal occurrence of both shutoffs .
A gene 39 nonsense mutation caused accelerated shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis ( aided by a gene 38 nonsense mutation ) , showing that gp39 ( aided by gp38 ) limits the rate at which both shutoffs occur .
The 40 ( - ) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39 ( - ) and 38 ( - ) mutations , showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs .
To the best of our knowledge , proteins with the particular activities implied for gp39 and gp40 have not been identified in any other bacteriophage .
SPO1 has at least three different mechanisms that have the effect of delaying the shutoff of host DNA and RNA synthesis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The 40 ( - ) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39 ( - ) and 38 ( - ) mutations , showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: SPO1 has at least three different mechanisms that have the effect of delaying the shutoff of host DNA and RNA synthesis .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Influence of the inclusion of cooked cereals and pea starch in diets based on soy or pea protein concentrate on nutrient digestibility and performance of young pigs .
| | Journal: J Anim Sci Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19820052 Accession (PMID): 19820052 | | Abstract: An experiment was conducted to compare different dietary vegetable sources of starch and protein on the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility ( CATTD ) of energy and nutrients and performance of piglets from 29 to 60 d of age .
The experiment was completely randomized with 6 treatments arranged factorially with 3 sources of starch ( cooked-flaked corn , cooked-flaked rice , and pea starch ) and 2 sources of protein [ soy protein concentrate ( SPC ) and pea protein concentrate ( PPC ) ] .
The pea starch and the PPC used were obtained by dehulling and grinding pea seeds to a mean particle size of 30 microm .
Each treatment was replicated 6 times ( 6 pigs per pen ) .
For the entire experiment , piglets fed cooked rice had greater ADG than piglets fed pea starch with piglets fed cooked corn being intermediate ( 471 , 403 , and 430 g/d , respectively ; P < 0 . 05 ) .
Protein source did not have any effect on piglet performance .
The CATTD of DM , OM , and GE were greater ( P < 0 . 05 ) for diets based on cooked rice than diets based on cooked corn with diets based on pea starch being intermediate .
Crude protein digestibility was not affected by source of starch but was greater for the diets based on SPC than for diets based on PPC ( 0 . 836 vs 0 . 821 ; P < 0 . 01 ) .
Protein source did not affect the digestibility of any of the other dietary components .
It is concluded that cooked rice is an energy source of choice in diets for young pigs .
The inclusion of PPC in the diet reduced protein digestibility but had no effects on energy digestibility or piglet performance .
Therefore , the finely ground starch and protein fractions of peas can be used in substitution of cooked corn or SPC , respectively , in diets for young pigs .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Protein source did not have any effect on piglet performance .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The inclusion of PPC in the diet reduced protein digestibility but had no effects on energy digestibility or piglet performance .
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| Title: Decolorization of Acid Red 1 by Fenton-like process using rice husk ash-based catalyst | | Journal: J Hazard Mater Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20042285 Accession (PMID): 20042285 | | Abstract: The decolorization of Acid Red 1 ( AR1 ) in aqueous solution was investigated by Fenton-like process .
The effect of different reaction parameters such as different iron ions loading on rice husk ash ( RHA ) , dosage of catalyst , initial pH , the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration ( [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) ) , the initial concentration of AR1 ( [ AR1 ] ( o ) ) and the reaction temperature on the decolorization of AR1 was studied .
The optimal reacting conditions were found to be 0 . 070 wt . % of iron ( III ) oxide loading on RHA , dosage of catalyst=5 . 0 g L ( -1 ) , initial pH=2 . 0 , [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) =8 mM , [ AR1 ] ( o ) =50 mg L ( -1 ) at temperature 30 degrees C Under optimal condition , 96% decolorization efficiency of AR1 was achieved within 120 min of reaction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of different reaction parameters such as different iron ions loading on rice husk ash ( RHA ) , dosage of catalyst , initial pH , the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration ( [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) ) , the initial concentration of AR1 ( [ AR1 ] ( o ) ) and the reaction temperature on the decolorization of AR1 was studied .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The optimal reacting conditions were found to be 0 . 070 wt . % of iron ( III ) oxide loading on RHA , dosage of catalyst=5 . 0 g L ( -1 ) , initial pH=2 . 0 , [ H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ] ( o ) =8 mM , [ AR1 ] ( o ) =50 mg L ( -1 ) at temperature 30 degrees C Under optimal condition , 96% decolorization efficiency of AR1 was achieved within 120 min of reaction .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Validation and use of a fast sample preparation method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in analysis of ultra-trace levels of 98 organophosphorus pesticide and carbamate residues in a total diet study involving diversified food types .
| | Journal: J Chromatogr A Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20557892 Accession (PMID): 20557892 | | Abstract: This paper reports a comprehensive sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) method for detection , identification and quantitation of 73 pesticides and their related products , a total of 98 analytes , belonging to organophosphorus pesticides ( OPPs ) and carbamates , in foods .
The proposed method makes use of a modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rigged , and safe ) procedure that combines isolation of the pesticides and sample clean-up in a single step .
Analysis is performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry operated in the multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) mode , acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound .
Two main fragment ions for each pesticide were obtained to achieve the identification according to the SANCO guidelines 10684/2009 .
The method was validated with various food samples , including edible oil , meat , egg , cheese , chocolate , coffee , rice , tree nuts , citric fruits , vegetables , etc No significant matrix effect was observed for tested pesticides , therefore , matrix-matched calibration was not necessary .
Calibration curves were linear and covered from 1 to 20 microg L ( -1 ) for all compounds studied .
The average recoveries , measured at 10 microg kg ( -1 ) , were in the range 70-120% for all of the compounds tested with relative standard deviations below 20% , while a value of 10 microg kg ( -1 ) has been established as the method limit of quantitation ( MLOQ ) for all target analytes .
Similar trueness and precision results were also obtained for spiking at 200 microg kg ( -1 ) .
Expanded uncertainty values were in the range 21-27% while the HorRat ratios were below 1 .
The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 700 food samples in the course of a baseline monitoring study of OPPs and carbamates .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The proposed method makes use of a modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rigged , and safe ) procedure that combines isolation of the pesticides and sample clean-up in a single step .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The method was validated with various food samples , including edible oil , meat , egg , cheese , chocolate , coffee , rice , tree nuts , citric fruits , vegetables , etc No significant matrix effect was observed for tested pesticides , therefore , matrix-matched calibration was not necessary .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The interactions among DWARF10 , auxin and cytokinin underlie lateral bud outgrowth in rice .
| | Journal: J Integr Plant Biol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20590993 Accession (PMID): 20590993 | | Abstract: Previous studies have shown that DWARF10 ( D10 ) is a rice ortholog of MAX4/RMS1/DAD1 , encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives ( SL ) biosynthesis .
Here we use D10 RNA interference ( RNAi ) transgenic plants similar to d10 mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among D10 , auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching .
Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10-RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly , showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration , but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants .
This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and D10 gene would be detected .
D10 expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation , and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application , indicating that D10 may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL .
The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of D10-RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity .
Furthermore , effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels .
Besides , in D10-RNAi plants , decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents , resulting in more tillering phenotypes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10-RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly , showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration , but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Selenium speciation in soil and rice : influence of water management and Se fertilization .
| | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20964343 Accession (PMID): 20964343 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is the staple food for half of the worlds population , but the selenium ( Se ) concentrations in rice grain are low in many rice-growing regions .
This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment .
A control containing no Se or 0 . 5 mg kg ( -1 ) of soil of selenite or selenate was added to the soil , and plants were grown under aerobic or flooded conditions .
Flooding soil increased soluble Se concentration when no Se or selenite was added to the soil , but decreased it markedly when selenate was added .
Selenate was the main species in the +selenate treatment , whereas selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide were detected in the flooded soil solutions of the control and +selenite treatments .
Grain Se concentration was 49% higher in the flooded than in the aerobic treatments without Se addition .
In contrast , when selenate or selenite was added , the aerobically grown rice contained 25 and 2-fold , respectively , more Se in grain than the anaerobically grown rice .
Analysis of Se in rice grain using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure ( XANES ) showed selenomethionine to be the predominant Se species .
The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Red mold fermented products and Alzheimers disease : a review .
| | Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21687963 Accession (PMID): 21687963 | | Abstract: Alzheimers disease is seen mainly in individuals over the age of 65 , and the morbidity rate increases with age .
Regarding the health function of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , besides hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects , other health functions of RMR such as anti-oxidation , cancer prevention , anti-fatigue , and anti-obesity have also been reported .
Many published studies have shown the efficacy of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease .
The current article discusses and provides evidence to support the beneficial potential of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease by discussing the pathogenic factors of Alzheimers disease and the secondary metabolites of Monascus .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Regarding the health function of Monascus-fermented red mold rice ( RMR ) , besides hypolipidemic and hypotensive effects , other health functions of RMR such as anti-oxidation , cancer prevention , anti-fatigue , and anti-obesity have also been reported .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Many published studies have shown the efficacy of RMR in the prevention of Alzheimers disease .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Trade and the nutrition transition : strengthening policy for health in the Pacific .
| | Journal: Ecol Food Nutr Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21888586 Accession (PMID): 21888586 | | Abstract: This article describes pathways through which trade policy change in two Pacific Island countries has contributed to changes in the food supply , and thereby to the nutrition transition .
The effect of various trade policies from 1960 to 2005 on trends in food imports and availability is described , and case studies are presented for four foods associated with the nutrition transition and chronic disease in the Pacific .
Trade policies ( including liberalization , export promotion , protection of the domestic meat industry and support for foreign direct investment ) have contributed to a reduced availability of traditional staples , and increased availability of foods associated with the nutrition transition , including refined cereals ( particularly polished rice and white flour ) , meat , fats and oils , and processed food products .
This study suggests that promoting healthier imports and increasing production of healthier traditional foods , in both of which trade policy has an important effect , has the potential to improve diets and health , in conjunction with other public health intervention .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of various trade policies from 1960 to 2005 on trends in food imports and availability is described , and case studies are presented for four foods associated with the nutrition transition and chronic disease in the Pacific .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study suggests that promoting healthier imports and increasing production of healthier traditional foods , in both of which trade policy has an important effect , has the potential to improve diets and health , in conjunction with other public health intervention .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Perception of intrusive /r/ in English by native , cross-language and cross-dialect listeners .
| | Journal: J Acoust Soc Am Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21895101 Accession (PMID): 21895101 | | Abstract: In sequences such as law and order , speakers of British English often insert /r/ between law and and .
Acoustic analyses revealed such "intrusive" /r/ to be significantly shorter than canonical /r/ .
In a 2AFC experiment , native listeners heard British English sentences in which /r/ duration was manipulated across a word boundary [ eg , saw ( r ) ice ] , and orthographic and semantic factors were varied .
These listeners responded categorically on the basis of acoustic evidence for /r/ alone , reporting ice after short /r/s , rice after long /r/s ; orthographic and semantic factors had no effect .
Dutch listeners proficient in English who heard the same materials relied less on durational cues than the native listeners , and were affected by both orthography and semantic bias .
American English listeners produced intermediate responses to the same materials , being sensitive to duration ( less so than native , more so than Dutch listeners ) , and to orthography ( less so than the Dutch ) , but insensitive to the semantic manipulation .
Listeners from language communities without common use of intrusive /r/ may thus interpret intrusive /r/ as canonical /r/ , with a language difference increasing this propensity more than a dialect difference .
Native listeners , however , efficiently distinguish intrusive from canonical /r/ by exploiting the relevant acoustic variation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: These listeners responded categorically on the basis of acoustic evidence for /r/ alone , reporting ice after short /r/s , rice after long /r/s ; orthographic and semantic factors had no effect .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Native listeners , however , efficiently distinguish intrusive from canonical /r/ by exploiting the relevant acoustic variation .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Improved cognitive performance following supplementation with a mixed-grain diet in high school students : a randomized controlled trial | | Journal: Nutrition Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22208555 Accession (PMID): 22208555 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth , when rich nutritional supplementation is important .
Maintaining optimal cognitive functioning is critical in high school students , who are under considerable academic pressure .
The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of a 9-wk randomly assigned diet of mixed grains versus a regular diet on cognitive performance and on levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and S100B , a calcium-binding protein produced by astroglial cells , in healthy high school students ( grades 10 and 11 ) .
METHODS : In this 9-wk , single-blind , controlled study , subjects were randomly allocated to either a mixed-grain or a regular diet .
Cognitive assessments and measurements of plasma BDNF and S100B levels were performed at baseline and after the 9-wk intake of a mixed-grain or regular diet .
Computerized neuropsychological tests and self-rating scales were used for the cognitive assessments .
RESULTS : Significant improvements in some neuropsychological tests were found after 9 wk in both the mixed-grain and the regular-diet groups , but the changes from baseline between the two groups were not significantly different .
Significant impairments on the AX-continuous performance test were observed at the endpoint in the regular-diet group , and the changes from baseline between the two groups were also significantly different for this test A significant difference in changes in BDNF levels was observed between the two groups .
CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that intake of mixed grains for 9 wk is beneficial for cognitive performance and plasma BDNF levels in high school students .
These beneficial effects seem to be related to the prevention of cognitive deterioration in a mental-fatigue test with the mixed-grain diet , rather than cognitive enhancement per se .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of a 9-wk randomly assigned diet of mixed grains versus a regular diet on cognitive performance and on levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and S100B , a calcium-binding protein produced by astroglial cells , in healthy high school students ( grades 10 and 11 ) .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: These beneficial effects seem to be related to the prevention of cognitive deterioration in a mental-fatigue test with the mixed-grain diet , rather than cognitive enhancement per se .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the systemic induction of regulatory defence-related genes in rice leaves and confers resistance to pathogen infection .
| | Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22212404 Accession (PMID): 22212404 | | Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbioses are mutualistic associations between soil fungi and most vascular plants .
Their association benefits the host plant by improving nutrition , mainly phosphorus nutrition , and by providing increased capability to cope with adverse conditions .
In this study , we investigated the transcriptional changes triggered in rice leaves as a result of AM symbiosis , focusing on the relevance of the plant defence response .
We showed that root colonization by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices is accompanied by the systemic induction of genes that play a regulatory role in the host defence response , such as OsNPR1 , OsAP2 , OsEREBP and OsJAmyb .
Genes involved in signal transduction processes ( OsDUF26 and OsMPK6 ) and genes that function in calcium-mediated signalling processes ( OsCBP , OsCaM and OsCML4 ) are also up-regulated in leaves of mycorrhizal rice plants in the absence of pathogen infection .
In addition , the mycorrhizal rice plants exhibit a stronger induction of defence marker genes [ ie pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes ] in their leaves in response to infection by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae .
Evidence indicates that mycorrhizal rice plants show enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus .
Overall , these results suggest that the protective effect of the AM symbiosis in rice plants relies on both the systemic activation of defence regulatory genes in the absence of pathogen challenge and the priming for stronger expression of defence effector genes during pathogen infection .
The possible mechanisms involved in the mycorrhiza-induced resistance to M oryzae infection are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: Overall , these results suggest that the protective effect of the AM symbiosis in rice plants relies on both the systemic activation of defence regulatory genes in the absence of pathogen challenge and the priming for stronger expression of defence effector genes during pathogen infection .
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| Title: Demonstration of osmotically dependent promotion of aerenchyma formation at different levels in the primary roots of rice using a sandwich method and X-ray computed tomography .
| | Journal: Ann Bot Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22499856 Accession (PMID): 22499856 | | Abstract: Background and Aims The effect of environmental factors on the regulation of aerenchyma formation in rice roots has been discussed for a long time , because aerenchyma is constitutively formed under aerated conditions .
To elucidate this problem , a unique method has been developed that enables sensitive detection of differences in the development of aerenchyma under two different environmental conditions .
The method is tested to determine whether aerenchyma development in rice roots is affected by osmotic stress .
Methods To examine aerenchyma formation both with and without mannitol treatment in the same root , germinating rice ( Oryza sativa ) caryopses were sandwiched between two agar slabs , one of which contained 270 mm of mannitol .
The roots were grown touching both slabs and were thereby exposed unilaterally to osmotic stress .
As a non-invasive approach , refraction contrast X-ray computed tomography ( CT ) using a third-generation synchrotron facility , SPring-8 ( Super photon ring 8 GeV , Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute ) , was used to visualize the three-dimensional ( 3-D ) intact structure of aerenchyma and its formation in situ in rice roots .
The effects of unilateral mannitol treatment on the development of aerenchyma were quantitatively examined using conventional light microscopy .
Key Results Structural continuity of aerenchyma was clearly visualized in 3-D in the primary root of rice and in situ using X-ray CT .
Light microscopy and X-ray CT showed that the development of aerenchyma was promoted on the mannitol-treated side of the root .
Detailed light microscopic analysis of cross-sections cut along the root axis from the tip to the basal region demonstrated that aerenchyma developed significantly closer to the root tip on the mannitol-treated side of the root .
Conclusions Continuity of the aerenchyma along the rice root axis was morphologically demonstrated using X-ray CT .
By using this sandwich method it was shown that mannitol promoted aerenchyma formation in the primary roots of rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Background and Aims The effect of environmental factors on the regulation of aerenchyma formation in rice roots has been discussed for a long time , because aerenchyma is constitutively formed under aerated conditions .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of unilateral mannitol treatment on the development of aerenchyma were quantitatively examined using conventional light microscopy .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Evidence of a dominant role for low osmolality in the efficacy of cereal based oral rehydration solutions : studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea .
| | Journal: Gut Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8344579 Accession (PMID): 8344579 | | Abstract: Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions ( ORS ) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea .
The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established .
This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine .
The results were compared with those for two widely used conventional hypertonic ORS , WHO-ORS ( 331 mOsm/kg ) and UK-ORS ( 310 mOsm/kg ) .
In the normal intestine , water absorption was similar from WHO-ORS ( 87 . 4 ( 45 . 1-124 . 6 ) microliters/min/g ; median and interquartile range ) and UK-ORS ( 57 . 6 ( 41 . 5-87 ) ) but less than from the hypotonic solutions ( p < 0 . 02 ) ; water absorption from RS-ORS ( 181 . 8 ( 168 . 5-193 . 8 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 195 . 7 ( 179 . 3-207 . 9 ) ) was similar but less than from HYPO-ORS ( 241 . 3 ( 230 . 6-279 . 7 ) ; p < 0 . 005 ) .
In the secreting intestine , all ORS reversed net secretion of fluid to net absorption ; the hypotonic solutions , HYPO-ORS ( 105 . 2 ( 95 . 2-111 ) ) , RS-ORS ( 127 . 7 ( 118 . 3-169 . 4 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 133 . 7 ( 122 . 1-174 . 5 ) ) , produced more water absorption ( p < 0 . 005 ) than the hypertonic solutions WHO-ORS ( 47 . 1 ( 29-75 . 9 ) ) and UK-ORS ( 24 . 9 ( 18 . 4-29 . 4 ) ) .
The rice based ions promoted most water absorption in secreting intestine ( p < 0 . 007 ) .
These data indicate that low osmolality is of primary importance in mediating the increased water absorption from cereal based ORS . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Genetics of hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in an intersubspecific rice ( Oryza sativa L ) population .
| | Journal: Genetics Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9093864 Accession (PMID): 9093864 | | Abstract: F1 hybrid sterility and "hybrid breakdown" of F2 and later generations in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) are common and genetically complicated .
We used a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map and F4 progeny testing to investigate hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in a cross between "widely compatible" O sativa ssp . japonica cultivar Lemont from the Southern US and ssp . indica cultivar Teqing from China .
Our results implicate different genetic mechanisms in hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown , respectively .
Hybrid sterility appeared to be due to recombination within a number of putative differentiated "supergenes" in the rice genome , which may reflect cryptic structural rearrangements .
The cytoplasmic genome had a large effect on fertility of both male and female gametes in the F1 hybrids .
There appeared to be a pair of complementary genes that behaved like "wide compatibility" genes .
This pair of genes and the "gamete eliminator" ( S1 ) or "egg killer" ( S-5 ) may influence the phenotypic effects of presumed supergenes in hybrids .
Hybrid breakdown appeared to be largely due to incompatibilities between indica and japonica alleles at many unlinked epistatic loci in the genome .
These proposed mechanisms may partly account for the complicated nature of postreproductive barriers in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cytoplasmic genome had a large effect on fertility of both male and female gametes in the F1 hybrids .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: This pair of genes and the "gamete eliminator" ( S1 ) or "egg killer" ( S-5 ) may influence the phenotypic effects of presumed supergenes in hybrids .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
| | Journal: Pharmacol . Res . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10378987 Accession (PMID): 10378987 | | Abstract: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis .
OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats .
When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner .
OSHT ( 0 .
001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
The level of cAMP in RPMC , when OSHT was added , significantly increased approx .
20-fold compared with that of basal cells .
These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the small intestine .
| | Journal: Int .
J Cancer Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10389747 Accession (PMID): 10389747 | | Abstract: We have investigated the relation between alcohol , tobacco and dietary habits and risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine using data from 2 hospital-based case-control studies on intestinal cancers conducted in 6 Italian centres between 1985 and 1996 .
Cases were 23 patients below age 75 years with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine .
Controls were 230 patients admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute , non-neoplastic , non-digestive tract diseases , matched to cases on sex , age , study and centre .
Odds ratios ( ORs ) were estimated using conditional logistic regression .
Alcohol and tobacco consumption did not increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine .
The risk appeared to be directly related to intake of bread , pasta or rice ( OR = 3 . 8 ) , sugar ( OR = 2 . 9 ) and red meat ( OR = 4 . 6 ) , and inversely to coffee ( OR = 0 . 4 ) , fish ( OR = 0 . 3 ) , vegetables ( OR = 0 . 3 ) and fruit ( OR = 0 . 6 ) .
Our results suggest that dietary correlates of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine are similar to those of colon cancer and at least of the same magnitude .
While the present data are inconsistent with a major effect of tobacco or alcohol , a moderate association between these factors and small bowel cancer may have been obscured by the play of chance .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: While the present data are inconsistent with a major effect of tobacco or alcohol , a moderate association between these factors and small bowel cancer may have been obscured by the play of chance .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A mitogen-activated protein kinase of the corn leaf pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus is involved in conidiation , appressorium formation , and pathogenicity : diverse roles for mitogen-activated protein kinase homologs in foliar pathogens .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10557357 Accession (PMID): 10557357 | | Abstract: Fungal pathogens perceive and respond to molecules from the plant , triggering pathogenic development .
Transduction of these signals may use heterotrimeric G proteins , and it is thought that protein phosphorylation cascades are also important .
We have isolated a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog from the corn pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus to test its role as a component of the transduction pathways .
The new gene , CHK1 , has a deduced amino acid sequence 90% identical to Pmk1 of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and 59% identical to Fus3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
A series of chk1 deletion mutants has poorly developed aerial hyphae , autolysis , and no conidia .
No pseudothecia are formed when a cross between two Deltachk1 mutants is attempted .
The ability of Deltachk1 mutants to infect corn plants is reduced severely .
The growth pattern of hyphae on a glass surface is strikingly altered from that of the wild type , forming coils or loops , but no appressoria .
This set of phenotypes overlaps only partially with that of pmk1 mutants , the homologous gene of the rice blast fungus .
In particular , sexual and asexual sporulation both require Chk1 function in Cochliobolus heterostrophus , in contrast to Pmk1 , but perhaps more similar to yeast , where Fus3 transmits the mating signal Chk1 is required for efficient colonization of leaf it issue , which can be compared with filamentous invasive growth of yeast , modulated through another closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase , Kss1 .
Ubiquitous signaling elements thus are used in diverse ways in different plant pathogens , perhaps the result of coevolution of the transducers and their targets .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In particular , sexual and asexual sporulation both require Chk1 function in Cochliobolus heterostrophus , in contrast to Pmk1 , but perhaps more similar to yeast , where Fus3 transmits the mating signal Chk1 is required for efficient colonization of leaf it issue , which can be compared with filamentous invasive growth of yeast , modulated through another closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase , Kss1 .
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| Title: The stability of ascorbic acid microencapsulated in granules of rice starch and in gum arabic .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10738692 Accession (PMID): 10738692 | | Abstract: Ascorbic acid ( AA ) was microencapsulated by spray drying , using gum arabic and rice starch as covering materials .
The AA was dissolved in solutions of the wall material prior to processing .
For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate .
The morphology of the materials was analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy , it thus being possible to verify the formation and evaluate the structural characteristics of the microcapsules .
The capsules produced with gum arabic were smaller ( d50% = 8 . 0 microns ) and with a multimode particle size distribution , whilst uncovered starch capsules containing 1-2% gelatin presented a distribution mainly in the range of 5-40 microns .
The capsules recovered with calcium pectate had average diameters 10-15 times greater than those obtained only by spray drying .
The stability of the encapsulated materials was studied at room temperature ( RH 60-65% ) and at 45 degrees C ( RH 60-65% and 90 . 7% ) .
AA microencapsulated in gum arabic was shown to be as stable as free crystalline AA under environmental conditions , whereas that encapsulated in rice starch was less stable .
Increasing the amount of the binding agent gelatin increased the stability of the uncovered starch encapsulated AA .
Recovery with calcium pectate notably increased the stability of the starch encapsulated AA , as compared to the uncovered samples .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: For the rice starch , gelatin was used as a binding agent and recovery was effected with calcium pectate .
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| Title: Tethered flight activity of Nephotettix virescens ( Hemiptera : cicadellidae ) in the Philippines .
| | Journal: Bull . Entomol . Res . Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10948363 Accession (PMID): 10948363 | | Abstract: The flight potential of Nephotettix virescens ( Distant ) , the most important vector of rice tungro virus disease , was assessed using tethered flight techniques .
Most individuals tested were not willing to fly in response to stimulation , or flew for very short times .
A small proportion of leafhoppers flew for long periods and one female flew for almost 7 h , indicating the potential for long distance dispersal of insects and inoculum .
Few individuals flew before four days of age and thereafter flight profiles were similar for insects aged between four and 12 days .
Mature females were more flight willing when kept as adults in mixed groups with males than when caged separately .
There was no consistent effect on flight performance when insects were reared on rice varieties with different levels of leafhopper resistance .
The flight activity of N virescens was greater when leafhoppers were reared on mature , compared with young , rice plants .
Leafhoppers reared through one generation on tungro-diseased rice plants were less willing to fly than individuals maintained on healthy plants of the same age and variety , whereas those tested after a 24-h access period to tungro-diseased plants were more flight-willing .
The results are discussed in relation to the spread of tungro and to management interventions for the control of the disease .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: There was no consistent effect on flight performance when insects were reared on rice varieties with different levels of leafhopper resistance .
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| Title: Use of a nonionic detergent ( Triton WR 1339 ) in healthy cats to assess hepatic secretion of triglyceride .
| | Journal: Am .
J Vet . Res . Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10951988 Accession (PMID): 10951988 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To determine whether a nonionic detergent ( Triton WR 1339 ) can be used in cats to assess hepatic secretion of triglyceride .
ANIMALS : 28 healthy cats .
PROCEDURE : Triton WR 1339 was administered IV according to the following schedule : 5 , 50 , 150 , and 250 mg/kg of body weight .
Control cats did not receive an injection or received 0 . 9% NaCl or PBS solutions at the same osmolarity and volume as the 250 mg/kg group .
Blood samples were collected throughout the 48-hour period after administration for determination of triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and for RBC morphology and osmotic fragility studies .
RESULTS : Administration of Triton WR 1339 at 150 and 250 mg/kg caused profound hypertriglyceridemia .
Triglyceride concentrations increased in a curvilinear fashion for the first 2 hours and remained increased for approximately 24 hours .
Area under the time-concentration curve for triglyceride at 5 hours differed significantly among groups .
At 12 and 24 hours , cholesterol was significantly higher in cats receiving 250 mg/kg .
The most dramatic changes in osmotic fragility and RBC morphology were in cats receiving 250 mg/kg ; 1 of these cats developed severe icterus and died 5 days later .
Feeding rice and casein before administering Triton WR 1339 at 150 mg/kg did not appear to affect the hypertriglyceridemia response .
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Triton WR 1339 can be administered IV to cats at a rate of 150 mg/kg to assess hepatic triglyceride secretion , although some cats may have increased RBC osmotic fragility .
Higher dosages caused substantial adverse effects , whereas lower dosages did not alter plasma triglyceride concentration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Higher dosages caused substantial adverse effects , whereas lower dosages did not alter plasma triglyceride concentration .
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| Title: Role of a ferredoxin gene cotranscribed with the nifHDK operon in N ( 2 ) fixation and nitrogenase "switch-off" of Azoarcus sp . strain BH72 .
| | Journal: J Bacteriol .
Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11371540 Accession (PMID): 11371540 | | Abstract: The endophytic diazotroph Azoarcus sp . strain BH72 is capable of infecting rice roots and of expressing the nitrogenase ( nif ) genes there .
In order to study the genetic background for nitrogen fixation in strain BH72 , the structural genes of nitrogenase ( nifHDK ) were cloned and sequenced .
The sequence analysis revealed an unusual gene organization : downstream of nifHDK , a ferredoxin gene ( fdxN ; 59% amino acid sequence identity to R capsulatus FdxN ) and open reading frames showing 52 and 36% amino acid sequence identity to nifY of Pseudomonas stutzeri A15 and ORF1 of Azotobacter vinelandii were located .
Northern blot analysis , reverse transcriptase PCR and primer extension analysis revealed that these six genes are located on one transcript transcribed from a sigma ( 54 ) -type promoter .
Shorter transcripts sequentially missing genes of the 3 part of the full-length mRNA were more abundantly detected .
Mutational analyses suggested that FdxN is an important but not the essential electron donor for dinitrogenase reductase .
An in-frame deletion of fdxN resulted in reduced growth rates ( 59% +/- 9% ) and nitrogenase activities ( 81% ) in nitrogen-fixing pure cultures in comparison to the wild type .
Nitrogenase activity was fully complemented in an fdxN mutant which carried a nifH promoter-driven fdxN gene in trans .
Also , in coculture with the ascomycete Acremonium alternatum , where strain BH72 develops intracytoplasmic membrane stacks , the nitrogenase activity in the fdxN deletion mutant was decreased to 56% of the wild-type level .
Surprisingly , the fdxN deletion also had an effect on the rapid "switch-off" of nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium .
Wild-type strain BH72 and the deletion mutant complemented with fdxN in trans showed a rapid reversible inactivation of acetylene reduction , while the deletion mutant did not cease to reduce acetylene .
In concordance with the hypothesis that changes in the redox state of NifH or electron flux towards nitrogenase may be involved in the mechanism of physiological nitrogenase switch-off , our results suggest that the ferredoxin may be a component involved in this process .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Surprisingly , the fdxN deletion also had an effect on the rapid "switch-off" of nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium .
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| Title: Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis .
| | Journal: Electrophoresis Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11870777 Accession (PMID): 11870777 | | Abstract: Using direct N-terminal analysis , only 31 N-terminally unblocked proteins out of 100 rice embryo proteins could be identified .
To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins , we developed a simple , efficient and rapid method .
Using this method , we determined the peptide maps of 20 proteins per day in 10 pmol amounts .
Applying this method to rice proteome analysis , we determined the internal sequences of all 69 blocked proteins .
A total of 28 proteins out of 100 analyzed showed sequence similarity to the proteins with known functions in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI databases .
Alternatively , we also used peptide mass fingerprinting determined by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) to identify the rice proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) .
Although peptide-mass fingerprinting is a high-throughput method , we could not easily identify all the rice proteins or genes by this method , because the complete database information on rice , is not yet available and many proteins are post-translationally modified .
Therefore , at present , the improved peptide mapping method as we report here is considered to be very useful in rice proteome analysis , especially for blocked proteins . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins , we developed a simple , efficient and rapid method .
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| Title: Elicitor activity of cerebroside , a sphingolipid elicitor , in cell suspension cultures of rice .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12154140 Accession (PMID): 12154140 | | Abstract: Cerebrosides , compounds categorized as glycosphingolipids , were found to occur in a wide range of phytopathogens as novel elicitors and to induce the effective disease resistance for rice plants in our previous study .
Here , we showed that cerebroside elicitors lead to the accumulation of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related ( PR ) protein in cell suspension cultures of rice with the structural specificity similar to that for the rice whole plants .
This elicitor activity of the cerebroside was greater than jasmonic acid ( JA ) and chitin oligomer ( which is known to be an elicitor for cell suspension cultures of rice ) .
Treatment of cell suspension cultures with cerebroside and chitin oligomer resulted in a synergetic induction of phytoalexins , suggesting that cerebroside and carbohydrate elicitors , such as glucan and chitin elicitor , enhance the defense signals of rice in vivo .
Induction of phytoalexins by the treatment with cerebroside elicitor was markedly inhibited by LaCl ( 3 ) and GdCl ( 3 ) , Ca ( 2+ ) channel blockers .
It is possible that Ca ( 2+ ) may be involved in the signaling pathway of elicitor activity of cerebroside . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cerebrosides , compounds categorized as glycosphingolipids , were found to occur in a wide range of phytopathogens as novel elicitors and to induce the effective disease resistance for rice plants in our previous study .
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| Title: Molecular and biochemical characterization of a calcium/calmodulin-binding protein kinase from rice .
| | Journal: Biochem .
J Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12160464 Accession (PMID): 12160464 | | Abstract: A Ca2+/calmodulin ( CaM ) -binding protein kinase from rice ( Oryza sativa ) , OsCBK , has been characterized that lacks Ca2+-binding EF hands and has Ca2+/CaM-independent autophosphorylation and substrate-phosphorylation activity .
OsCBK has all 11 subdomains of a kinase catalytic domain and a putative CaM-binding domain , and shares high identity with Ca2+-dependent-protein-kinase ( CDPK ) -related protein kinases in plants .
OsCBK bound CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner as previously reported for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in animals , but autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of histone IIIs were Ca2+/CaM-independent .
Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that OsCBK specifically bound CaM with high affinity ( K ( D ) =30 nM ) .
Capillary electrophoresis showed that phosphorylation of OsCBK occurred on serine and threonine residues .
These data show that OsCBK is a serine/threonine protein kinase that binds Ca2+/CaM , but whose enzymic activity is independent of Ca2+/CaM .
In situ hybridization showed that OsCBK is expressed in reproductive and vegetative it issues of rice and shows temporal and spatial changes during plant growth and development .
OsCBK is highly expressed in zones of cell division and it is particularly abundant in sporogenous cells of the anther at meiosis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A Ca2+/calmodulin ( CaM ) -binding protein kinase from rice ( Oryza sativa ) , OsCBK , has been characterized that lacks Ca2+-binding EF hands and has Ca2+/CaM-independent autophosphorylation and substrate-phosphorylation activity .
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| Title: Development of novel pesticides based on phytoalexins : Part 2 .
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanone derivatives .
| | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12400447 Accession (PMID): 12400447 | | Abstract: Phytoalexins are low-molecular-weight chemicals that immune systems of plants produce and accumulate in response to infections , especially those of fungal origin .
Although their content is not high in plants , yet they have shown unique fungicidal activity and played an important role in the defence system of plants .
In searching for novel environmentally benign fungicides with high activity , the structures of flavanone derivatives , one of the most important phytoalexins groups , have been modified via bioisosteric substitution and a series of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanones were designed and synthesized .
They showed good fungicidal activities against rice blast disease , Pyricularia grisea ( Sacc ) .
Their IC50 values were tested in vitro and the relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was analyzed quantitatively using a Hansch-Fujita approach .
The results showed that hydrophobicity was very important for fungicidal activity and there is apparently an optimum hydrophobic property for the molecules at a log Pow value of about 2 . 7 .
In addition , the results indicated that electronic effects played an important role in binding with the receptor and that the C=O group was probably a electron-accepting site .
The quantitative structure-retention correlative equation of the title compounds was also established . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , the results indicated that electronic effects played an important role in binding with the receptor and that the C=O group was probably a electron-accepting site .
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| Title: 14C- [ lignin ] -lignocellulose biodegradation by bacteria isolated from polluted soil .
| | Journal: Indian J Exp . Biol . Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12562023 Accession (PMID): 12562023 | | Abstract: Four bacterial species [ Branhamella catarrhalis ( gram -ve ) , Brochothrix species ( gram -ve ) , Micrococcus luteus ( gram +ve ) and Bacillus firmus ( gram +ve ) ] , isolated from the soil polluted with cane sugar factory effluents , were found capable of growing on solid media supplemented with indulin AT ( a polymeric industrial lignin ) as sole C source .
All the four species could metabolize cinnamic acid ( a non-hydroxylated phenylpropanoid ) as sole carbon source with significant suppression on addition of readily metabolizable carbon source ( glucose ) .
However , Br . catarrhalis and Brochothrix sp . were capable of metabolizing ferulic acid , but could not do so on addition of glucose .
Of the four species , Br . catarrhalis could evolve significant amount of 14CO2 from U-14C ( lignin ) -lignocellulose prepared from rice stalks ( ca .
10% of the added radioactivity in 3 weeks ) , in addition to solubilization of another 11 . 7% radioactivity in culture filtrate .
The other three species could not significantly evolve 14CO2 , though a significant fraction of added 14C-lignin ( 6 . 1 to 11 . 2% ) could be solubilized into culture filtrate , suggesting lack of ring-cleavage or other CO2 evolving mechanisms in these species .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Four bacterial species [ Branhamella catarrhalis ( gram -ve ) , Brochothrix species ( gram -ve ) , Micrococcus luteus ( gram +ve ) and Bacillus firmus ( gram +ve ) ] , isolated from the soil polluted with cane sugar factory effluents , were found capable of growing on solid media supplemented with indulin AT ( a polymeric industrial lignin ) as sole C source .
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| Title: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches : effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management .
| | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12564243 Accession (PMID): 12564243 | | Abstract: During August 2001 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat cooked rice from take-aways and of chicken sandwiches made on the premises from sandwich bars was undertaken .
The intention was to identify risk factors in the production , storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches , and to establish their effect on microbiological quality .
Examination of cooked rice revealed that the majority of samples ( 87% ; 442 of 508 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality ; 50 ( 10% ) were unsatisfactory , and 16 ( 3% ) were of unacceptable quality due to Bacillus cereus and/or other Bacillus spp in excess of 10 ( 5 ) cfu/g .
The microbiological quality of cooked rice was associated with cuisine type ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , rice type ( p < 0 . 01 ) , cooking ( p < 0 . 01 ) , serving methods ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , and management food hygiene training ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
Examination of chicken sandwiches found that most ( 75% ; 335 of 449 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality and 114 ( 25% ) were unsatisfactory .
Acceptable microbiological quality of sandwiches was associated with sandwich bars that had hazard analysis in place ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Smaller businesses , as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors Consumer at Risk scores , were more likely to have samples classified as unsatisfactory or unacceptable compared to larger businesses ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
The majority ( 90% ) of premises had hand-washing facilities accessible and available for use , although only over half ( 55% ) were correctly used as judged by the sampling officer .
Where the manager of the premises had received some form of food hygiene training , food safety procedures such as the hazard analysis system were more likely to be in place ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The intention was to identify risk factors in the production , storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches , and to establish their effect on microbiological quality .
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| Title: Substitution mapping of Pup1 : a major QTL increasing phosphorus uptake of rice from a phosphorus-deficient soil .
| | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12582914 Accession (PMID): 12582914 | | Abstract: A major QTL for P uptake had previously been mapped to a 13-cM marker interval on the long arm of chromosome 12 .
To map that major QTL with higher precision and certainty , a secondary mapping population was developed by backcrossing a near-isogenic line containing the QTL from the donor parent to the recurrent parent of low P uptake .
Two different mapping strategies have been followed in this study .
A conventional QTL mapping approach was based on individual F ( 2 ) RFLP data and the phenotypic evaluation of family means in the F ( 3 ) .
The second strategy employed a substitution-mapping approach .
Phenotypic and marker data were obtained for 160 F ( 3 ) individuals of six highly informative families that differed in the size of donor chromosomal segments in the region of the putative QTL .
QTL mapping showed that close to 80% of the variation between families was due to a single QTL , hereafter referred to as Pup1 ( Phosphorus uptake 1 ) .
Pup1 was placed in a 3-cM interval flanked by markers S14025 and S13126 , which is within 1 cM of the position identified in the original QTL mapping experiment .
Other chromosomal regions and epistatic effects were not significant .
Substitution mapping revealed that Pup1 co-segregated with marker S13126 and that the flanking markers , S14025 and S13752 , were outside the interval containing Pup1 .
The two mapping strategies therefore yielded almost identical results and , in combining the advantages of both , Pup1 could be mapped with high certainty .
The QTL mapping appoach showed that the phenotypic variation between families was due to only one QTL without any additional epistacic interactions , whereas the advantage of substitution mapping was to place clearly defined borders around the QTL .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Other chromosomal regions and epistatic effects were not significant .
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| Title: The global methane cycle : isotopes and mixing ratios , sources and sinks .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12723792 Accession (PMID): 12723792 | | Abstract: A review of the global cycle of methane is presented with emphasis on its isotopic composition .
The history of methane mixing ratios , reconstructed from measurements of air trapped in ice-cores is described .
The methane record now extends back to 420 kyr ago in the case of the Vostok ice cores from Antarctica .
The trends in mixing ratios and in delta13C values are reported for the two Hemispheres .
The increase of the atmospheric methane concentration over the past 200 years , and by 1% per year since 1978 , reaching 1 . 7 ppmv in 1990 is underlined .
The various methane sources are presented .
Indeed the authors describe the methane emissions by bacterial activity under anaerobic conditions in wet environments ( wetlands , bogs , tundra , rice paddies ) , in ruminant stomachs and termite guts , and that originating from fossil carbon sources , such as biomass burning , coal mining , industrial losses , automobile exhaust , sea floor vent , and volcanic emissions .
Furthermore , the main sinks of methane in the troposphere , soils or waters via oxidation are also reported , and the corresponding kinetic isotope effects .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , the main sinks of methane in the troposphere , soils or waters via oxidation are also reported , and the corresponding kinetic isotope effects .
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| Title: Cognitive development of Yu-Cheng ( "oil disease" ) children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs .
| | Journal: JAMA Year: 1992 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1433761 Accession (PMID): 1433761 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE--To compare the cognitive development in Taiwanese children who had been exposed prenatally to high levels of heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) with control children who were exposed to background levels .
The disorder was called Yu-Cheng , "oil disease , " in Taiwan .
DESIGN--Matched-pair cohort study .
SETTING--Communities in central Taiwan in which there had been a cooking-oil contamination and mass poisoning by heat-degraded PCBs in 1978 through 1979 .
PARTICIPANTS--One hundred eighteen children born between June 1978 and March 1985 during or after their mothers consumption of contaminated rice oil ; 118 children matched for age , sex , neighborhood , maternal age , and parental education and occupational class ; and 15 older siblings of exposed children , born before the poisoning .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cognitive development measured from 1985 through 1990 using the Chinese versions of the Stanford-Binet test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Revised , RESULTS--The exposed children scored approximately 5 points lower on the Stanford-Binet test at the ages of 4 and 5 years and approximately 5 points lower on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Revised , at the ages of 6 and 7 years .
Children born up to 6 years after their mothers exposure were as affected as children born within a year or two after exposure when examined at 6 and 7 years of age .
Older siblings resembled the control children .
CONCLUSION--Children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs had poorer cognitive development than their matched controls .
The effect persisted in the children up to the age of 7 years , and children born long after the exposure were still affected . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect persisted in the children up to the age of 7 years , and children born long after the exposure were still affected .
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| Title: [ Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy ] | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14551949 Accession (PMID): 14551949 | | Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH4 and N2O emissions .
Five treatments of fertilizer including urea and NH4HCO3 used as chemical fertilizer ( CF ) , chemical fertilizer + pig manure ( CF + PM ) , chemical fertilizer + cow manure ( CF + CM ) , chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake ( CF + RC ) and chemical fertilizer + wheat straw ( CF + WS ) were dedicated to this experiment .
Results from the field observations indicated that application of the organic manure did not change the seasonal pattern of CH4 and N2O emissions but significantly affected the seasonal amounts .
Seasonal amount of CH4 emission from the treatments of CF + CM , CF + RC and CF + WS was respectively 45% , 252% and 250% higher than that from the treatment of CF , but the application of pig manure ( CF + PM ) did not significantly influence the CH4 emission .
The N2O emissions , on the other hand , were reduced by 18% , 21% and 18% for the treatments of CF + PM , CF + CM and CF + WS , respectively .
Incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the N2O emission , yielding an increment of 22% .
On a time scale of 20-year period , the integrated global warming potential ( GWP ) of CH4 + N2O released during the rice growing season for the treatments of CF + RC , CF + WS and CF + CM was respectively 154% , 136% and 17% higher than that for the CF treatment , while a reduction of 10% was obtained for the CF + PM treatment .
The calculation of the GWP per unit rice grain yield suggested that the application of pig manure took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH4 and N2O emissions .
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| Title: [ QTL analysis for percentage of exserted stigma in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) ] | | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14579532 Accession (PMID): 14579532 | | Abstract: Percentage of exserted stigmas ( PES ) was investigated in Hainan by using a population of 127 DH population derived from a cross between a high-PES indica variety Zaiyeqing 8 ( ZYQ 8 ) and a low-PES japonica variety Jingxi 17 ( JX 17 ) and its molecular linkage map of 234 markers .
Two QTLs ( qPES-2 , qPES-3 ) for PES were located on chromosome 2 and 3 , respectively .
There is no difference between the QTLs for single stigma exsertation and total PES , but the only QTL for dual stigma exsertation located on chromosome 2 , whose positive additive effect was from ZYQ 8 .
Simultaneously the detected QTLs for spikelets per panicle located on chromosome 6 , 8 , respectively and had no linkage relation with the QTLs for PES . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: There is no difference between the QTLs for single stigma exsertation and total PES , but the only QTL for dual stigma exsertation located on chromosome 2 , whose positive additive effect was from ZYQ 8 .
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| Title: Promoter analysis in transient assays using a GUS reporter gene construct in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris ) .
| | Journal: J Plant Physiol .
Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14610892 Accession (PMID): 14610892 | | Abstract: Transient expression profiles for several chimeric beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) gene constructs were determined in it issues ( young leaves , mature leaves and roots ) of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris , cv .
Penn A4 ) following microprojectile bombardment .
The constructs analyzed consisted of the uidA ( GUS ) reporter gene driven by four different promoters ( ubiquitin 3-potato , ubiquitin corn , ubiquitin rice and CaMV 35S ) .
The total number of GUS hits ( or transient expression units ; TEUs ) were determined manually under a dissecting scope after histochemical staining for GUS .
Results suggest that the ubiquitin rice promoter is most active in cells of turfgrass , regardless of the developmental stage or it issue-type .
The ubiquitin corn promoter was the next best Of the four promoter used , except for ubiquitin 3-potato , reporter gene activity was dramatically higher in mature leaves compared to young leaves .
The relative efficiency of each promoter was about the same in roots and leaves .
We have also analyzed uidA ( GUS ) reporter gene activity following microprojectile bombardment in transient expression assays with callus from two cultivars ( Providence or Penn A4 ) of creeping bentgrass .
Differences in the frequency of GUS positive hits were observed between cultivars up to 72 hours post-bombardment .
However , this difference between cultivars disappeared after 72 hours post-bombardment .
This information describing promoter functionality in bentgrass will be important when designing gene constructs for trait modification and when choosing appropriate cultivars for improvement through gene transfer experiments .
This is the first in depth report on organ-specific and developmental gene expression profiles for transgenes in a turfgrass species .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The relative efficiency of each promoter was about the same in roots and leaves .
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| Title: Water permeability and reflection coefficient of the outer part of young rice roots are differently affected by closure of water channels ( aquaporins ) or blockage of apoplastic pores .
| | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14739266 Accession (PMID): 14739266 | | Abstract: The relative contribution of the apoplastic and cell-to-cell paths to the overall hydraulic conductivity of the outer part of rice roots ( LpOPR ) was estimated using a pressure perfusion technique for 30-d-old rice plants ( lowland cultivar , IR64 , and upland cultivar , Azucena ) .
The technique was based on the perfusion of aerenchyma of root segments from two different zones ( 20-50 mm and 50-100 mm from the root apex ) with aerated nutrient solution using precise pump rates .
The outer part of roots ( OPR ) comprised an outermost rhizodermis , an exodermis , sclerenchyma fibre cells , and the innermost unmodified cortical cell layer .
No root anatomical differences were observed for the two cultivars used .
Development of apoplastic barriers such as Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in the exodermis were highly variable .
On average , matured apoplastic barriers were observed at around 50-70 mm from the root apex Lignification of the exodermis was completed earlier than that of sclerenchyma cells .
Radial water flow across the OPR was impeded either by partially blocking off the porous apoplast with China ink particles ( diameter 50 nm ) or by closing water channels ( aquaporins ) in cell membranes with 50 micro M HgCl2 .
The reduction of LpOPR was relatively larger in the presence of an apoplastic blockage with ink ( approximately 30% ) than in the presence of the water channel blocker ( approximately 10% ) suggesting a relatively larger apoplastic water flow .
The reflection coefficient of the OPR ( sigmasOPR ) for mannitol significantly increased during both treatments .
It was larger when pores of the apoplast were closed , but absolute values were low ( overall range of sigmasOPR=0 . 1-0 . 4 ) , which also suggested a large contribution of the non-selective , apoplastic path to overall water flow .
The strongest evidence in favour of a predominantly apoplastic water transport came from the comparison between diffusional ( PdOPR , measured with heavy water , HDO ) and osmotic water permeability ( PfOPR ) or hydraulic conductivity ( LpOPR ) .
PfOPR was larger by a factor of 600-1400 compared with P ( dOPR ) .
The development of OPR along roots resulted in a decrease of PdOPR by a factor of three ( segments taken at 20-50 and 50-100 mm from root apex , respectively ) .
Heat-killing of living cells resulted in an increase of PdOPR for both immature ( 20-50 mm ) and mature ( 50-100 mm ) root segments by a factor of two .
Even though both pathways ( apoplast and cell-to-cell ) contributed to the overall water flow , the findings indicate predominantly apoplastic water flow across the OPR , even in the presence of apoplastic barriers .
Low diffusional water permeabilities may suggest a low rate of oxygen diffusion across the OPR from aerenchyma to the outer anaerobic soil medium ( low PO2OPR ) .
To date , there are no data on PO2OPR .
Provisional data of radial oxygen losses ( ROL ) across the OPR suggest that , unlike water , rice roots efficiently retain oxygen within the aerenchyma .
This ability strongly increases as roots/OPR develop . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 18, subscore: 1.00 ]: Provisional data of radial oxygen losses ( ROL ) across the OPR suggest that , unlike water , rice roots efficiently retain oxygen within the aerenchyma .
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| Title: A fungal metallothionein is required for pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15155887 Accession (PMID): 15155887 | | Abstract: The causal agent of rice blast disease , the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe grisea , infects rice ( Oryza sativa ) plants by means of specialized infection structures called appressoria , which are formed on the leaf surface and mechanically rupture the cuticle .
We have identified a gene , Magnaporthe metallothionein 1 ( MMT1 ) , which is highly expressed throughout growth and development by M grisea and encodes an unusual 22-amino acid metallothionein-like protein containing only six Cys residues .
The MMT1-encoded protein shows a very high affinity for zinc and can act as a powerful antioxidant .
Targeted gene disruption of MMT1 produced mutants that show accelerated hyphal growth rates and poor sporulation but had no effect on metal tolerance .
Mmt1 mutants are incapable of causing plant disease because of an inability to bring about appressorium-mediated cuticle penetration .
Mmt1 appears to be distributed in the inner side of the cell wall of the fungus .
These findings indicate that Mmt1-like metallothioneins may play a novel role in fungal cell wall biochemistry that is required for fungal virulence . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Targeted gene disruption of MMT1 produced mutants that show accelerated hyphal growth rates and poor sporulation but had no effect on metal tolerance .
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| Title: Establishment of an enhancer trap system with Ds and GUS for functional genomics in rice .
| | Journal: Mol . Genet . Genomics Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15221455 Accession (PMID): 15221455 | | Abstract: To develop an efficient means of enhancer trapping , a two-element system employing Ds and an Ac transposase ( AcTPase ) gene was tested in rice .
We generated 263 transgenic rice plants , each of which harboured the maize transposable element Ds together with a GUS coding sequence under the control of a minimal promoter ( Ds-GUS ) , and a gene that confers resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron .
Among the 263 lines generated , 42 were shown to have a single copy of the Ds-GUS element .
Four single-copy lines were crossed with each of six transgenic plants that carried the AcTPase gene .
Excision of the Ds-GUS in leaves of F1 plants was detected in eight combinations out of seventeen examined .
The frequency of transposition of Ds-GUS in germ cells in the F1 plants was examined using 10 , 524 F2 plants , and 675 ( 6% ) were judged to be transposants .
Their frequencies differed among F1 plants depending on the AcTPase x Ds-GUS cross considered , and also among panicles on the same F1 plant .
This suggests that Ds-GUS tends to transpose during panicle development .
Southern analysis with a GUS probe showed different band patterns among transposants derived from different panicles .
Therefore , the transposants derived from different panicles must have arisen independently .
Transposants showing it issue-specific GUS activities were obtained , and enhancers thus trapped by the Ds-GUS element were identified .
These results demonstrate that the system is suitable for the isolation of large numbers of independent Ds-GUS transposants , and for the identification of various it issue-specific enhancers .
The Ds-GUS lines generated in this study offer a potentially powerful tool for studies on the functional genomics of rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To develop an efficient means of enhancer trapping , a two-element system employing Ds and an Ac transposase ( AcTPase ) gene was tested in rice .
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of a rice cysteine protease gene , OsCP1 , using T-DNA gene-trap system .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15356393 Accession (PMID): 15356393 | | Abstract: The T-DNA gene-trap system has been efficiently used to elucidate gene functions in plants .
We report here a functional analysis of a cysteine protease gene , OsCP1 , isolated from a pool of T-DNA insertional rice .
GUS assay with the T-DNA tagged line indicated that the OsCP1 promoter was highly active in the rice anther .
Sequence analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of OsCP1 was homologous to those of papain family cysteine proteases containing the highly conserved interspersed amino acid motif , ERFNIN .
This result suggested that the gene encodes a cysteine protease in rice .
We also identified a suppressed mutant from T2 progeny of the T-DNA tagged line .
The mutant showed a significant defect in pollen development .
Taken together , the results demonstrated that OsCP1 is a cysteine protease gene that might play an important role in pollen development . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The T-DNA gene-trap system has been efficiently used to elucidate gene functions in plants .
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| Title: [ Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against cowpea trypsin inhibitor ] | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15461269 Accession (PMID): 15461269 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI .
METHODS : Nowadays gene assay is the most useful method to detect transgenic plants .
But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced .
So assay of foreign protein is the most direct and conformable method .
Monoclonal antibodies were got through traditional method of preparation .
RESULTS : Three monoclonal antibodies were got .
Detection of CpTI in transgenic rice leaves with these three antibodies mixes through Western blotting was conducted and the result was satisfying .
CONCLUSION : The method of using the mixes of three antibodies to detect the CpTI in plants through Western blotting was satisfying . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced .
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| Title: Addition of pearl barley to a rice-based diet for newly weaned piglets increases the viscosity of the intestinal contents , reduces starch digestibility and exacerbates post-weaning colibacillosis .
| | Journal: Br .
J Nutr .
Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15469645 Accession (PMID): 15469645 | | Abstract: The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of feeding a cereal grain containing NSP on body growth and the intestinal microenvironment of recently weaned pigs , and to examine resultant associations with pathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract .
In Expt 1 , pearl barley , a grain rich in soluble NSP , was incorporated ( 250 , 500 or 750 g/kg diet ) into a low-fibre control diet based on cooked white rice and fed for 7-10 d following weaning .
Consumption of pearl barley did not significantly alter piglet live-weight gain compared with the control cooked rice diet , but it accelerated large intestinal growth and fermentation , decreased ileal starch digestibility and increased intestinal viscosity .
Expt 2 was conducted to determine whether these differences would favour proliferation of enterotoxigenic E coli , the bacterium causing post-weaning colibacillosis ( PWC ) .
Three groups of pigs were weaned onto diets based on cooked white rice , rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg , or rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg supplemented with exogenous enzymes ( Porzyme 8100 ; Danisco , Marlborough , Wilts . , UK ) .
Pigs were inoculated orally with haemolytic E coli serovar O8 ; K87 ; K88 after weaning .
Animals eating the pearl barley had increased viscosity of the intestinal contents , greater intestinal colonisation with the E coli strain and more diarrhoea than pigs fed the rice-only diet .
The enzymes did not reduce viscosity or protect from PWC .
The results suggest that pearl barley alters the intestinal microenvironment and predisposes to PWC , whilst a low-viscosity , highly digestible diet based on cooked white rice is protective . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of feeding a cereal grain containing NSP on body growth and the intestinal microenvironment of recently weaned pigs , and to examine resultant associations with pathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract .
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| Title: [ Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) on soil microbial biomass under rice-wheat rotation ] | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15624820 Accession (PMID): 15624820 | | Abstract: The effect of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial biomass in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under rice-wheat rotation was studied under the conditions of routine cultivation , irrigation and fertilization .
The results showed that FACE treatment could significantly increase the amount of soil bacteria in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers during rice jointing stage and wheat wintering and ripening stages .
Elevated CO2 only significantly increased the amount of soil fungi in 0-5 cm soil layer during rice ripening stage .
During the whole period of rotation , the amount of soil bacteria was greater than that of soil fungi . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial biomass in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under rice-wheat rotation was studied under the conditions of routine cultivation , irrigation and fertilization .
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| Title: Abscisic acid promoted changes in the protein profiles of rice seedling by proteome analysis .
| | Journal: Mol . Biol . Rep . Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15663005 Accession (PMID): 15663005 | | Abstract: This study investigates the influence of exogenously applied abscisic acid ( ABA ) on the leaves and leaf sheaths of two-week-old rice seedling at the level of the proteome .
Significant differences were observed in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles between control and ABA treated samples .
Amino-acid sequence analysis of affected proteins revealed that ABA caused drastic changes in the major photosynthetic protein , ribulose 1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and accumulation of certain defense/stress-related proteins .
Moreover , cutting or treating leaf sheaths with jasmonic acid ( JA ) rapidly increased the endogenous level of ABA , suggesting a role for ABA during the defense/stress-response .
Comparative study indicated a potential overlap between ABA and JA as detected at the level of the proteome .
Furthermore , in vitro protein phosphorylation experiments and in-gel kinase assays also revealed considerable changes in the phosphorylation status of some proteins , and differential effects on myelin basic protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase activities by ABA treatment , which suggests involvement of kinase in the downstream signaling cascade .
These results provide evidence at proteome level for the involvement of ABA in stress-response in rice seedling . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , in vitro protein phosphorylation experiments and in-gel kinase assays also revealed considerable changes in the phosphorylation status of some proteins , and differential effects on myelin basic protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase activities by ABA treatment , which suggests involvement of kinase in the downstream signaling cascade .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Genomic research in Eucalyptus .
| | Journal: Genetica Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16175457 Accession (PMID): 16175457 | | Abstract: Eucalyptus LHrit . is a genus comprised of more than 700 species that is of vital importance ecologically to Australia and to the forestry industry world-wide , being grown in plantations for the production of solid wood products as well as pulp for paper .
With the sequencing of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and the recent completion of the first tree genome sequence , Populus trichocarpa , attention has turned to the current status of genomic research in Eucalyptus .
For several eucalypt species , large segregating families have been established , high-resolution genetic maps constructed and large EST databases generated .
Collaborative efforts have been initiated for the integration of diverse genomic projects and will provide the framework for future research including exploiting the sequence of the entire eucalypt genome which is currently being sequenced .
This review summarises the current position of genomic research in Eucalyptus and discusses the direction of future research . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Collaborative efforts have been initiated for the integration of diverse genomic projects and will provide the framework for future research including exploiting the sequence of the entire eucalypt genome which is currently being sequenced .
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| Title: Distinct and cooperative functions of phytochromes A , B , and C in the control of deetiolation and flowering in rice .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16278346 Accession (PMID): 16278346 | | Abstract: We have isolated phytochrome B ( phyB ) and phyC mutants from rice ( Oryza sativa ) and have produced all combinations of double mutants .
Seedlings of phyB and phyB phyC mutants exhibited a partial loss of sensitivity to continuous red light ( Rc ) but still showed significant deetiolation responses .
The responses to Rc were completely canceled in phyA phyB double mutants .
These results indicate that phyA and phyB act in a highly redundant manner to control deetiolation under Rc .
Under continuous far-red light ( FRc ) , phyA mutants showed partially impaired deetiolation , and phyA phyC double mutants showed no significant residual phytochrome responses , indicating that not only phyA but also phyC is involved in the photoperception of FRc in rice .
Interestingly , the phyB phyC double mutant displayed clear R/FR reversibility in the pulse irradiation experiments , indicating that both phyA and phyB can mediate the low-fluence response for gene expression .
Rice is a short-day plant , and we found that mutation in either phyB or phyC caused moderate early flowering under the long-day photoperiod , while monogenic phyA mutation had little effect on the flowering time .
The phyA mutation , however , in combination with phyB or phyC mutation caused dramatic early flowering . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice is a short-day plant , and we found that mutation in either phyB or phyC caused moderate early flowering under the long-day photoperiod , while monogenic phyA mutation had little effect on the flowering time .
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| Title: Identification of differentially expressed genes in brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens ( Hemiptera : Delphacidae ) responding to host plant resistance .
| | Journal: Bull . Entomol . Res . Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16441905 Accession (PMID): 16441905 | | Abstract: The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stl is one of the major insect pests of rice Oryza sativa L The host resistance exhibits profound effects on growth , development and propagation of N lugens .
To investigate the molecular response of N lugens to host resistance , a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism ( cDNA-AFLP ) technique was employed to identify the differentially expressed genes in the nymphs feeding on three rice varieties .
Of the 2 , 800 cDNA bands analysed , 54 were up-regulated and seven down-regulated qualitatively in N lugens when the ingestion sources were changed from susceptible rice plants to resistant ones .
Sequence analysis of the differential transcript-derived fragments showed that the genes involved in signalling , stress response , gene expression regulation , detoxification and metabolism were regulated by host resistance .
Four of the transcript-derived fragments corresponding to genes encoding for a putative B subunit of phosphatase PP2A , a nemo kinase , a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and a prolyl endopeptidase were further characterized in detail .
Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of the four genes was enhanced in N lugens feeding on resistant rice plants .
The roles of these genes in the defensive response of N lugens to host plant resistance were discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stl is one of the major insect pests of rice Oryza sativa L The host resistance exhibits profound effects on growth , development and propagation of N lugens .
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| Title: Rice domestication by reducing shattering .
| | Journal: Science Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16527928 Accession (PMID): 16527928 | | Abstract: Crop domestication frequently began with the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds .
The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect .
The molecular basis of this key domestication transition , however , remains unknown .
Here we show that human selection of an amino acid substitution in the predicted DNA binding domain encoded by a gene of previously unknown function was primarily responsible for the reduction of grain shattering in rice domestication .
The substitution undermined the gene function necessary for the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect .
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| Title: Evidence for PSII donor-side damage and photoinhibition induced by cadmium treatment on rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Journal: J Photochem . Photobiol . B , Biol .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16540337 Accession (PMID): 16540337 | | Abstract: The effects of cadmium ( from 7 . 5 to 75 microM ) on chloroplasts of rice were studied at the structural and biochemical level .
Loss of pigments , reduction of thylakoids and decrease in oxygen evolution and Fv/Fm ratio occur in leaves following cadmium treatment .
However , the amount of photosystem II reaction center proteins and that of its light harvesting complex is not affected , indicating that cadmium does not adversely influence the structural organization of this photosystem .
In thylakoids isolated from cadmium-treated plants a loss in the capability to reduce 2 , 6-dichlorophenolindophenol is observed , which is partially restored if diphenylcarbazide is used as an electron donor , indicating that cadmium affects water splitting activity .
In thylakoids isolated from control plants and treated with cadmium , diphenylcarbazide preserves most of the photosystem II activity lost after incubation with cadmium ; most of the S ( 2 ) multiline electron paramagnetic resonance signal from the manganese cluster is lost , whereas the TyrD ( + ) and other signals are retained .
Light-induced photosystem II damage , in vitro , is promoted by Cd-treatment as deduced from the mobility shift of the D1 protein observed by immunoblot . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of cadmium ( from 7 . 5 to 75 microM ) on chloroplasts of rice were studied at the structural and biochemical level .
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| Title: The chemical weed control of maize culture in the Danube meadow .
| | Journal: Commun . Agric . Appl . Biol . Sci .
Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16637216 Accession (PMID): 16637216 | | Abstract: In the world , maize covers about 150 million hectares , following close to rice and wheat .
( Balteanu 2000 ) In Romania , maize culture covers an area of more than 3 , 500 , 000 hectares from the overall arable soil , being cultivated in all Romanian districts .
Chemical weed control took the greatest extension in the world , at the same time with the synthesis of Atrazine , in 1956 , in the laboratories of JR Geigy Company , as a super-selective herbicide for the maize culture .
This is why many researchers from all continents studied weed control of maize culture , using Atrazine together with other 50 herbicides synthesized until 2004 .
In the embanked meadow of the Danube , from the 500 , 000 hectares of arable soil , the maize covers the greatest area .
For this reasons , the chemical weed control was granted a great attention by using different herbicides based on Atrazine , Alachlor , Acetochlor , Butilat , Pendimethalin , Dicamba , 2 , 4-D At the same time , in the experiments from the Danube Meadow , the authors also studied the efficiency of some combined herbicides : Butizin , Magnific , Guardian Extra is Tazastomp .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: For this reasons , the chemical weed control was granted a great attention by using different herbicides based on Atrazine , Alachlor , Acetochlor , Butilat , Pendimethalin , Dicamba , 2 , 4-D At the same time , in the experiments from the Danube Meadow , the authors also studied the efficiency of some combined herbicides : Butizin , Magnific , Guardian Extra is Tazastomp .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biochemical characterization of the major sorghum grain peroxidase .
| | Journal: FEBS J Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16650004 Accession (PMID): 16650004 | | Abstract: The major cationic peroxidase in sorghum grain ( SPC4 ) , which is ubiquitously present in all sorghum varieties was purified to apparent homogeneity , and found to be a highly basic protein ( pI approximately 11 ) .
MS analysis showed that SPC4 consists of two glycoforms with molecular masses of 34 , 227 and 35 , 629 Da and it contains a type-b heme .
Chemical deglycosylation allowed to estimate sugar contents of 3 . 0% and 6 . 7% ( w/w ) in glycoform I and II , respectively , and a mass of the apoprotein of 33 , 246 Da .
High performance anion exchange chromatography allowed to determine the carbohydrate constituents of the polysaccharide chains .
The N-terminal sequence of SPC4 is not blocked by pyroglutamate .
MS analysis showed that six peptides , including the N-terminal sequence of SPC4 matched with the predicted tryptic peptides of gene indice TC102191 of sorghum chromosome 1 , indicating that TC102191 codes for the N-terminal part of the sequence of SPC4 , including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids .
The N-terminal fragment of SPC4 ( 213 amino acids ) has a high sequence identity with barley BP1 ( 85% ) , rice Prx23 ( 90% ) , wheat WSP1 ( 82% ) and maize peroxidase ( 58% ) , indicative for a common ancestor .
SPC4 is activated by calcium ions .
Ca2+ binding increased the protein conformational stability by raising the melting temperature ( Tm ) from 67 to 82 degrees C SPC4 catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic substrates , being catalytically more efficient with hydroxycinnamates than with tyrosine derivatives .
In spite of the conserved active sites , SPC4 differs from BP1 in being active with aromatic compounds above pH 5 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Ca2+ binding increased the protein conformational stability by raising the melting temperature ( Tm ) from 67 to 82 degrees C SPC4 catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic substrates , being catalytically more efficient with hydroxycinnamates than with tyrosine derivatives .
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| Title: Comparison assessment of water use and damage between modern and traditional rice irrigation schemes : case of Usangu basin , Tanzania .
| | Journal: Year: 2005 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16705837 Accession (PMID): 16705837 | | Abstract: Water management and competition between users in water scarce river basins is a major challenge facing the human race .
The inter dependence of users in such basins , necessitates a clear understanding of each user in relation to the location , the water demand , and the duration of water need .
The understanding of these factors , together , is very important for the management of water resources in such basins without which , it is argued that , water is overused and wasted .
As an example of this , the large modern and improved rice irrigation systems in Tanzania are believed to use water more efficient than the traditional irrigation systems .
Yet , well-founded scientific analyses are a necessary part to quantify such beliefs as they can inform us whether the natural resource , in such systems , is properly utilized and managed or not .
Likewise , such studies can allow us to quantify how much water is over used and thus the natural resource is unnecessarily degraded .
This paper explores a study conducted in the Usangu basin , Tanzania , to investigate the gross and net needs for modern and traditional rice irrigation schemes , and the implications with regards to water resource management and damage .
Problems relating to modernization of traditional smallholder irrigation systems and upstream--downstream water users are further discussed .
The paper concludes from the study that modern irrigation schemes are inefficient compared to traditional irrigation schemes .
Also modernization of traditional schemes in the study area have resulted into over abstraction and reduced productivity of water .
Looking to the future , this study tells us that improvement or modernization of irrigation infrastructure should be balanced between negative impacts to available water resources albeit its significant economic contribution to the community . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: As an example of this , the large modern and improved rice irrigation systems in Tanzania are believed to use water more efficient than the traditional irrigation systems .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel rice MAPK gene , OsBIMK2 , is involved in disease-resistance responses .
| | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16755461 Accession (PMID): 16755461 | | Abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play important roles in transmission of extracellular signals to the downstream effector proteins through a mechanism of protein phosphorylation .
In this study , we isolated and identified a novel rice MAPK gene , OSBIMK2 ( ORYZAE SATIVA L BTH-Induced MAP Kinase 2 ) .
The OSBIMK2 encodes a 506 amino acid protein with molecular weight of 63 kD .
The recombinant OSBIMK2 expressed in ESCHERICHIA COLI showed an autophosphorylation activity IN VITRO .
OSBIMK2 is a single-copy gene in the rice genome .
Expression of OSBIMK2 was activated upon treatment with benzothiadiazole ( BTH ) , which is capable of inducing disease resistance in rice .
Expression of OsBIMK2 was also up-regulated during early stage after inoculation with MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA in BTH-treated rice seedlings and during an incompatible interaction between M GRISEA and a blast-resistant rice genotype .
Over-expression of the rice OSBIMK2 gene in transgenic tobacco resulted in an enhanced disease resistance against tomato mosaic virus and a fungal pathogen , ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA .
These results suggest that OSBIMK2 plays a role in disease resistance responses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play important roles in transmission of extracellular signals to the downstream effector proteins through a mechanism of protein phosphorylation .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation ( Y151S ) causes reduced agonist potency to a range of neonicotinoid insecticides .
| | Journal: J Neurochem .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16981889 Accession (PMID): 16981889 | | Abstract: Neonicotinoid insecticides are potent selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) .
Since their introduction in 1991 , resistance to neonicotinoids has been slow to develop , but it is now established in some insect field populations such as the planthopper , Nilaparvata lugens , a major rice pest in many parts of Asia .
We have reported recently the identification of a target-site mutation ( Y151S ) within two nAChR subunits ( Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha3 ) from a laboratory-selected field population of N lugens .
In the present study , we have examined the influence of this mutation upon the functional properties of recombinant nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes ( as hybrid nAChRs , co-expressed with a rat beta2 subunit ) .
The agonist potency of several nicotinic agonists has been examined , including all of the neonicotinoid insecticides that are currently licensed for either crop protection or animal health applications ( acetamiprid , clothianidin , dinotefuran , imidacloprid , nitenpyram , thiacloprid and thiamethoxam ) .
The Y151S mutation was found to have no significant effect on the maximal current ( I ( max ) ) observed with the endogenous agonist , acetylcholine .
In contrast , a significant reduction in I ( max ) was observed for all neonicotinoids ( the I ( max ) for mutant nAChRs ranged from 13 to 81% of that observed on wild-type receptors ) .
In addition , nAChRs containing the Y151S mutation caused a significant rightward shift in agonist dose-response curves for all neonicotinoids , but of varying magnitude ( shifts in EC ( 50 ) values ranged from 1 . 3 to 3 . 6-fold ) .
The relationship between neonicotinoid structure and their potency on nAChRs containing the Y151S target-site mutation is discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The Y151S mutation was found to have no significant effect on the maximal current ( I ( max ) ) observed with the endogenous agonist , acetylcholine .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The Triticum aestivum non-specific lipid transfer protein ( TaLtp ) gene family : comparative promoter activity of six TaLtp genes in transgenic rice .
| | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16983534 Accession (PMID): 16983534 | | Abstract: Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins ( nsLTPs ) are encoded by a multigene family and support physiological functions , which remain unclear .
We adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction ( LM-PCR ) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel Triticum aestivum nsLtp ( TaLtp ) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsLTPs .
A phylogenetic tree clustered the wheat nsLTPs into ten subfamilies comprising 1-7 members .
We also studied the activity of four type 1 and two type 2 TaLtp gene promoters in transgenic rice using the beta-Glucuronidase reporter gene .
The activities of the six promoters displayed both overlapping and distinct features in rice .
In vegetative organs , these promoters were active in leaves and root vascular it issues while no beta-Glucuronidase ( GUS ) activity was detected in stems .
In flowers , the GUS activity driven by the TaLtp7 . 2a , TaLtp9 . 1a , TaLtp9 . 2d , and TaLtp9 . 3e gene promoters was associated with vascular it issues in glumes and in the extremities of anther filaments whereas only the TaLtp9 . 4a gene promoter was active in anther epidermal cells .
In developing grains , GUS activity and GUS immunolocalization data evidenced complex patterns of activity of the TaLtp7 . 1a , TaLtp9 . 2d , and TaLtp9 . 4a gene promoters in embryo scutellum and in the grain epicarp cell layer .
In contrast , GUS activity driven by TaLtp7 . 2a , TaLtp9 . 1a , and TaLtp9 . 3e promoters was restricted to the vascular bundle of the embryo scutellum .
This diversity of TaLtp gene promoter activity supports the hypothesis that the encoded TaLTPs possess distinct functions in planta .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction ( LM-PCR ) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel Triticum aestivum nsLtp ( TaLtp ) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsLTPs .
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| Title: [ Estimation models of rice LAI and chlorophyll content based on MOD09 ] | | Journal: Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17066702 Accession (PMID): 17066702 | | Abstract: The MODIS ( moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer ) surface reflectance product MOD09 , which was strictly corrected by NASA , can be widely applied to monitor the change of land vegetation .
In this paper , a quasi and synchronous experiment of MODIS sensor was performed , and the rice leaf area index ( LAI ) and chlorophyll content ( Chltot ) were measured .
The relationships between the vegetation indices ( VIs ) derived from MOD09 and the rice LAI and Chltot were analyzed , and the estimation models were established .
The VIs values derived from MOD09 were higher than those in the first three bands of MOD09 , and EVI value was lower than NDVI value .
In comparing with other Vis , EVI had a better relationship with LAI at different rice growth stages .
MOD09-EVI was selected to construct the estimation model of rice LAI , and validated by other in situ sampling plot data to be more precise , suggesting MOD09-EVI was the best index to monitor rice LAI .
There was a significant correlation between MOD09-Red band and Chltot at early and medium rice growth stages .
The estimation model of rice canopy Chltot based on MOD09-Red band was established and validated , and no models were significantly efficient , except the estimation model of Chltot at booting stage .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The estimation model of rice canopy Chltot based on MOD09-Red band was established and validated , and no models were significantly efficient , except the estimation model of Chltot at booting stage .
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| Title: Cloning , expression and function of phosphate transporter encoded gene in Oryza sativa L | | Journal: Sci .
China , C , Life Sci .
Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17172047 Accession (PMID): 17172047 | | Abstract: OsPT6 : 1 , a phosphate transporter encoding gene from the leaf samples of Oryza sativa , was identified through PCR with specifically designed primers .
The phylogenetic analysis and the conserved amino acid residue site detection suggested OsPT6 : 1 a possible high-affinity phosphate transporter encoding gene .
In situ hybridization and RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of OsPT6 : 1 in both roots and leaves .
The peak expression signal was observed in mesophyll cells under low phosphorus ( P ) induction .
A homologous recombination study indicated that OsPT6 : 1 can enhance the Pi uptake efficiency of Pichia pastoris .
At the meantime , the introduction of OsPT6 : 1 was able to complement the Pi uptake function of yeast cells with high-affinity phosphate transporters deficient .
Those results substantiated our contention that OsPT6 : 1 encoded a high-affinity phosphate transporter of Oryza sativa . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A homologous recombination study indicated that OsPT6 : 1 can enhance the Pi uptake efficiency of Pichia pastoris .
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| Title: Molecular mapping of the shrunken endosperm genes seg8 and sex1 in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L ) .
| | Journal: Genome Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17213902 Accession (PMID): 17213902 | | Abstract: A number of mutations affecting seed development in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L ) have been known for many years ; however , to date , no research has been reported that elucidates the molecular structure of the causal genes .
As a first step , we initiated the linkage mapping of the two shrunken endosperm genes seg8 and sex1 using microsatellite markers .
The recessive gene seg8 was mapped in the centromeric region of chromosome 7H to a 4 . 6 cM interval flanked by markers GBM1516 and Bmag341 .
The recessive sex1 gene showed xenia effects and was located in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 6H , which is in accordance to the previously reported chromosomal location in the classical linkage map .
It was flanked by markers GBM5012 and GBM1063 in a 4 . 2 cM interval EST-derived microsatellite markers were used to establish the syntenic relationships to the genomic rice sequences .
Two orthologous sites on rice chromosome 2 flanking a 4 . 1 Mb sequence had homology to the respective barley markers in the sex1 region .
For the markers in the seg8 region orthologous sites on rice chromosome 6 were detected .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The recessive sex1 gene showed xenia effects and was located in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 6H , which is in accordance to the previously reported chromosomal location in the classical linkage map .
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| Title: Molecular dissection of developmental behavior of tiller number and plant height and their relationship in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Journal: Hereditas Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17362360 Accession (PMID): 17362360 | | Abstract: Plant height and tiller number are two important characters related to yield in rice ( Oriza sativa L ) .
Zhenshan97 x Minghui63 recombinant inbred lines were employed to dissect the genetic basis of development of plant height and tiller number using conditional and unconditional composite interval mapping approaches .
The traits were normally distributed with transgressive segregation in both directions .
Increasingly negative correlations were observed between tiller number and plant height at five consecutive growth stages .
A total of 23 and 24 QTL were identified for tiller number and plant height , respectively .
More QTL were detected by conditional mapping than by conventional mapping .
Different QTL/genes apparently controlled the traits at different developmental stages .
Three genomic regions were identified as putative co-located QTL , which showed opposite additive effects on tiller number and plant height .
Furthermore , in the period reaching maximum tiller number , the expression of QTL for tiller number was active , whereas that of QTL for plant height was inactive .
These facts provided a possible genetic explanation for the negative correlations between the traits .
The research demonstrates conditional mapping to be superior to conventional mapping for this type of research .
Implications of the results for hybrid rice improvement are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three genomic regions were identified as putative co-located QTL , which showed opposite additive effects on tiller number and plant height .
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| Title: [ Gibberellin signal transduction and cotton fiber molecular development ] | | Journal: Yi Chuan Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17369146 Accession (PMID): 17369146 | | Abstract: Gibberellins ( GAs ) is a sort of high efficiency plant growth regulator which is very important for cotton fiber initiation and development .
Recently , the research of GA signal transduction mostly focuses on Arabidopsis , wheat , barley , maize , rice and so on .
Yet we know little about molecular mechanism of GA to cotton fiber initiation and development .
In recent years , exciting progress has been made in identifying many important components involved in gibberellin signal transduction pathways , which can help us to understand deeply these pathways and their regulation .
This review summarized the recently research process of GA signal transduction and correlation of GA and cotton fiber molecular development .
We hope that the paper can provide some new ideas about the function and mechanism of GA in cotton fiber initiation and development , and for cotton breeding task .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gibberellins ( GAs ) is a sort of high efficiency plant growth regulator which is very important for cotton fiber initiation and development .
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| Title: Furan in food : headspace method and product survey .
| | Journal: Food Addit Contam Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17687703 Accession (PMID): 17687703 | | Abstract: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) has been adapted for the efficient determination of furan in foods .
Levels of furan in various foods were measured in order to identify the products that contribute most to the human intake of furan .
Highest amounts were found in products that were heat treated in sealed containers such as jarred and canned food products and in crusty and dry products such as snacks , biscuits , bread crust , roasted wheat flour and roasted coffee beans .
Of the analysed jarred baby food products those containing only meat and starch from rice and corn had low levels of furan .
In addition , the fruit products showed similar low levels .
Clearly higher concentrations were found in the vegetable and vegetable-meat products .
For the adult population coffee seems to be an important product with respect to furan intake .
Coffee brews from espresso-type machines had considerably higher amounts of furan than other coffee brews .
This type of coffee is considered by experts to have the best coffee aroma .
It is assumed that for regular coffee consumers coffee is the most important source of furan intake .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) has been adapted for the efficient determination of furan in foods .
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| Title: [ Biological characters of rice on P-deficient soils with different pH value ] | | Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Year: 2007 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17763725 Accession (PMID): 17763725 | | Abstract: With pot culture , this paper studied the biological characters of four low-P tolerant rice genotypes 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 and two low-P sensitive rice genotypes 99012 and 99056 on three P-deficient soils with different pH .
The results indicated that on test soils , 580 , 508 and 99112 had similar low-P tolerant ability .
99011 had poor low-P tolerant ability on alkaline soil , with its relative grain yield being 11 . 9% and 10 . 4% less than that on acid and neutral soil , respectively .
99012 showed a relatively stronger low-P tolerant ability on alkaline soil , and its relative grain yield was 19 . 6% higher than that on acid soil and 22 . 2% higher than that on neutral soil .
99056 showed a stronger low-P tolerant ability on acid soil , and its relative grain yield was 25 . 0% and 19 . 6% higher than that on alkaline and neutral soil , respectively .
The effects of soil P level and soil type on rice grain yield mainly manifestied on the number of available spike .
The P concentration and its relative value in flag leaves of 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 were significantly higher than those of 99012 and 99056 , which might be another factor resulting in the stronger low-P tolerant ability of 99011 , 580 , 508 and 99112 than 99012 and 99056 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of soil P level and soil type on rice grain yield mainly manifestied on the number of available spike .
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| Title: Congenital cytomegalovirus : association between dried blood spot viral load and hearing loss .
| | Journal: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18039747 Accession (PMID): 18039747 | | Abstract: AIM : To investigate the relation between cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) viral load on dried blood spots ( DBS ) from newborn biochemical screening ( "Guthrie" ) cards , and sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) in congenital CMV .
DESIGN : Cross-sectional study with retrospective case-note review .
SETTING : Seven paediatric audiology departments in the United Kingdom .
PATIENTS : 84 children , median age 7 years : 43 with known congenital CMV , 41 with unexplained SNHL .
INTERVENTIONS : Half a DBS was tested for CMV DNA viral load by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Pure tone average hearing thresholds ( 0 . 5-4 kHz ) .
RESULTS : DBS CMV DNA viral load significantly correlated with hearing thresholds for the worse and better hearing ears ( Spearmans rank correlations : r = 0 . 445 , p = 0 . 008 and r = 0 . 481 , p = 0 . 004 respectively ) .
Multivariable logistic regression showed that the effect of DBS viral load on the risk of SNHL remained important , when age and central nervous system involvement had been taken into account ( odds ratio ( OR ) 2 . 76 , 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 1 . 14 to 6 . 63 , p = 0 . 024 ) .
The mean log DBS viral load was significantly higher in children with SNHL than in those with normal hearing ( 2 . 69 versus 1 . 64 , 95% CI -1 . 84 to -0 . 27 , p = 0 . 01 ) .
8/35 ( 23% ) children with unexplained SNHL tested positive for CMV DNA on DBS .
One false positive result was obtained .
CONCLUSION : The risk of SNHL increased with DBS viral load .
Further studies should investigate whether DBS CMV testing has a role in identifying asymptomatic congenitally infected neonates at risk of SNHL , and whether antiviral treatment can reduce this risk .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Multivariable logistic regression showed that the effect of DBS viral load on the risk of SNHL remained important , when age and central nervous system involvement had been taken into account ( odds ratio ( OR ) 2 . 76 , 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 1 . 14 to 6 . 63 , p = 0 . 024 ) .
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| Title: Changes of organic acid exudation and rhizosphere pH in rice plants under chromium stress .
| | Journal: Environ Pollut Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18162271 Accession (PMID): 18162271 | | Abstract: The effect of chromium ( Cr ) stress on the changes of rhizosphere pH , organic acid exudation , and Cr accumulation in plants was studied using two rice genotypes differing in grain Cr accumulation .
The results showed that rhizosphere pH increased with increasing level of Cr in the culture solution and with an extended time of Cr exposure .
Among the six organic acids examined in this experiment , oxalic and malic acid contents were relatively higher , and had a significant positive correlation with the rhizosphere pH , indicating that they play an important role in changing rhizosphere pH .
The Cr content in roots was significantly higher than that in stems and leaves .
Cr accumulation in plants was significantly and positively correlated with rhizosphere pH , and the exudation of oxalic , malic and citric acids , suggesting that an increase in rhizosphere pH , and exudation of oxalic , malic and citric acid enhances Cr accumulation in rice plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of chromium ( Cr ) stress on the changes of rhizosphere pH , organic acid exudation , and Cr accumulation in plants was studied using two rice genotypes differing in grain Cr accumulation .
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| Title: Spatially-compressed cardiac myofilament models generate hysteresis that is not found in real muscle .
| | Journal: Pac Symp Biocomput Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18229700 Accession (PMID): 18229700 | | Abstract: In the field of cardiac modeling , calcium ( Ca- ) based activation is often described by sets of ordinary differential equations that do not explicitly represent spatial interactions of regulatory proteins or crossbridge attachment .
These spatially compressed models are most often mean-field representations as opposed to methods that explicitly compute the surrounding field ( or equivalently , the surrounding environment ) of individual regulatory units and crossbridges .
Instead , a mean value is used to represent the whole population .
Almost universally , the mean-field approach assumes developed force produces positive feedback to globally increase the mean binding affinity of the regulatory proteins .
We show that this approach produces hysteresis in the steady-state Force-Ca responses when developed force increases Ca-affinity troponin to the degree that is observed in real muscle .
Specifically , multiple stable solutions exist as a function of Ca level that could be alternatively reached depending on stimulus history .
The resulting hysteresis is quite pronounced and disagrees with experimental characterizations in cardiac muscle that generally show little if any hysteresis .
Moreover , we provide data showing that hysteresis does not occur in carefully controlled myofibril preparations .
Hence , we suggest that the most widely used methods to produce multiscale models of cardiac force generation show bistability and hysteresis effects that are not seen in real muscle responses | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hence , we suggest that the most widely used methods to produce multiscale models of cardiac force generation show bistability and hysteresis effects that are not seen in real muscle responses
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| Title: A zinc-dependent nuclear endonuclease is responsible for DNA laddering during salt-induced programmed cell death in root tip cells of rice .
| | Journal: J Plant Physiol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18295371 Accession (PMID): 18295371 | | Abstract: DNA laddering is one of the biochemical processes characteristic of programmed cell death ( PCD ) both in animals and plants .
However , the mechanism of DNA laddering varies in different species , even in different it issues of one organism .
In the present study , we used root tip cells of rice , which have been induced by NaCl stress to undergo PCD , to analyze the endonuclease activities of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts .
Two endonucleases , a cytoplasmic of 20kDa ( OsCyt20 ) and a nuclear of 37kDa ( OsNuc37 ) , were identified as PCD related .
Our results indicated that OsCyt20 is a Ca ( 2+ ) /Mg ( 2+ ) -dependent nuclease , which is most active at neutral pH , and that OsNuc37 is Zn ( 2+ ) -dependent , with a pH optimum of 4 . 5-6 .
Both nucleases were induced at the early stage of PCD ( 2h salt treatment ) and exhibited the highest activity approximately 4h after exposure to NaCl , paralleling with the occurrence of DNA laddering .
In vitro assays of endonuclease activities further revealed that OsNuc37 , a glycoprotein localized in the nucleus , is the executor for DNA laddering .
The different effects of both endonucleases on DNA degradation during salt-induced PCD are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The different effects of both endonucleases on DNA degradation during salt-induced PCD are discussed .
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| Title: A proteomic analysis of rice seedlings responding to 1 , 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene stress .
| | Journal: J Environ Sci ( China ) Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18595398 Accession (PMID): 18595398 | | Abstract: The proteomic analysis of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) roots and leaves responding to 1 , 2 , 4-trichlorobenzene ( TCB ) stress was carried out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis , mass spectrometric ( MS ) , and protein database analysis .
The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves .
The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves , when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress .
Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress .
These responses include detoxication of toxic substances , expression of pathogenesis-related proteins , synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds , regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism , activation of methionine salvage pathway , and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism .
Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars , the beta-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar ( Oryza sativa L ) Aizaizhan , and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63 .
This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves .
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| Title: Comparison of Cigarette and Water-Pipe Smoking by Arab and Non-Arab-American Youth .
| | Journal: Am J Prev Med Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18675529 Accession (PMID): 18675529 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide .
Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a US community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years , this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail ( eg , smoking history , belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes , family members in home who smoke water pipes ) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community .
METHODS : A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey .
Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008 .
RESULTS : Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking ( 20% vs 39% ) ; current cigarette smoking ( 7% vs 22% ) ; and regular cigarette smoking ( 3% vs 15% ) than non-Arab-American youth .
In contrast , Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking ( 38% vs 21% ) and current water-pipe smoking ( 17% vs 11% ) than non-Arab-American youth .
Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking .
Logistic regression showed that youth were 11 . 0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes .
Youth were also 11 . 0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes .
If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home , youth were 6 . 3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers .
The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking .
CONCLUSIONS : Further research is needed to determine the percentages , patterns , and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth .
Additionally , youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking .
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[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking .
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| Title: Quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) analysis for rice grain width and fine mapping of an identified QTL allele gw-5 in a recombination hotspot region on chromosome 5 .
| | Journal: Genetics Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18689882 Accession (PMID): 18689882 | | Abstract: Rice grain width and shape play a crucial role in determining grain quality and yield .
The genetic basis of rice grain width was dissected into six additive quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) and 11 pairs of epistatic QTL using an F ( 7 ) recombinant inbred line ( RIL ) population derived from a single cross between Asominori ( japonica ) and IR24 ( indica ) .
QTL by environment interactions were evaluated in four environments .
Chromosome segment substitution lines ( CSSLs ) harboring the six additive effect QTL were used to evaluate gene action across eight environments .
A major , stable QTL , qGW-5 , consistently decreased rice grain width in both the Asominori/IR24 RIL and CSSL populations with the genetic background Asominori .
By investigating the distorted segregation of phenotypic values of rice grain width and genotypes of molecular markers in BC ( 4 ) F ( 2 ) and BC ( 4 ) F ( 3 ) populations , qGW-5 was dissected into a single recessive gene , gw-5 , which controlled both grain width and length-width ratio . gw-5 was narrowed down to a 49 . 7-kb genomic region with high recombination frequencies on chromosome 5 using 6781 BC ( 4 ) F ( 2 ) individuals and 10 newly developed simple sequence repeat markers .
Our results provide a basis for map-based cloning of the gw-5 gene and for marker-aided gene/QTL pyramiding in rice quality breeding .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chromosome segment substitution lines ( CSSLs ) harboring the six additive effect QTL were used to evaluate gene action across eight environments .
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| Title: Refunctionalization of the ancient rice blast disease resistance gene Pit by the recruitment of a retrotransposon as a promoter .
| | Journal: Plant J Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18808453 Accession (PMID): 18808453 | | Abstract: The plant genome contains a large number of disease resistance ( R ) genes that have evolved through diverse mechanisms .
Here , we report that a long terminal repeat ( LTR ) retrotransposon contributed to the evolution of the rice blast resistance gene Pit .
Pit confers race-specific resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea , and is a member of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat ( NBS-LRR ) family of R genes .
Compared with the non-functional allele Pit ( Npb ) , the functional allele Pit ( K59 ) contains four amino acid substitutions , and has the LTR retrotransposon Renovator inserted upstream .
Pathogenesis assays using chimeric constructs carrying the various regions of Pit ( K59 ) and Pit ( Npb ) suggest that amino acid substitutions might have a potential effect in Pit resistance ; more importantly , the upregulated promoter activity conferred by the Renovator sequence is essential for Pit function .
Our data suggest that transposon-mediated transcriptional activation may play an important role in the refunctionalization of additional sleeping R genes in the plant genome .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pathogenesis assays using chimeric constructs carrying the various regions of Pit ( K59 ) and Pit ( Npb ) suggest that amino acid substitutions might have a potential effect in Pit resistance ; more importantly , the upregulated promoter activity conferred by the Renovator sequence is essential for Pit function .
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| Title: Effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil .
| | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19027141 Accession (PMID): 19027141 | | Abstract: A laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron ( Fe ( III ) ) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide ( N ( 2 ) O ) and methane ( CH ( 4 ) ) emissions in a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) soil .
The anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial Fe ( III ) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment ( 40 mol Fe g ( -1 ) ) transitionally stimulated N ( 2 ) O production and lowered CH ( 4 ) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation .
Increased regeneration of Fe ( III ) through a 4-day aeration period in the Fe-amended slurry compared to the control slurry reduced CH ( 4 ) emission by 30% in the subsequent 15-day anaerobic incubation .
The pot experiment showed that ferrihydrite amendment ( 63 micromol Fe g ( -1 ) ) stimulated N ( 2 ) O fluxes in the days following flooding .
The Fe amendment suppression on CH ( 4 ) emission was obscured in the early season but became significant upon reflooding in the mid and late-seasons .
As a result , seasonal CH ( 4 ) emission in Fe-amended pots was 26% lower than the control with a single 2-day drainage and 69% lower with a double 2-day drainage .
The reduction in CH ( 4 ) emission upon reflooding from the Fe-amended pots was mainly attributed to the increased Fe ( III ) regeneration during drainage showing a mechanism of Fe ( III ) regeneration in mitigating CH ( 4 ) emission by short-term drainage in flooded soils .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron ( Fe ( III ) ) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide ( N ( 2 ) O ) and methane ( CH ( 4 ) ) emissions in a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) soil .
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| Title: Heteromeric co-assembly of two insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits : influence on sensitivity to neonicotinoid insecticides .
| | Journal: J Neurochem Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19046356 Accession (PMID): 19046356 | | Abstract: Neonicotinoid insecticides , such as imidacloprid , are selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) and are used extensively in areas of crop protection and animal health to control a variety of insect pest species .
Here , we describe studies performed with nAChR subunits Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , a major insect pest of rice crops in many parts of Asia .
The influence of Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 subunits upon the functional properties of recombinant nAChRs has been examined by expression in Xenopus oocytes .
In addition , the influence of a Nlalpha1 mutation ( Y151S ) , which has been linked to neonicotinoid lab generated resistance in N lugens , has been examined .
As in previous studies of insect alpha subunits , functional expression has been achieved by co-expression with the mammalian beta2 subunit .
This approach has revealed a significantly higher apparent affinity of imidacloprid for Nlalpha1/beta2 than for Nlalpha2/beta2 nAChRs .
In addition , evidence has been obtained for the co-assembly of Nlalpha1 and Nlalpha2 subunits into triplet nAChRs of subunit composition Nlalpha1/Nlalpha2/beta2 .
Evidence has also been obtained which demonstrates that the resistance-associated Y151S mutation has a significantly reduced effect on neonicotinoid agonist activity when Nlalpha1 is co-assembled with Nlalpha2 than when expressed as the sole alpha subunit in a heteromeric nAChR .
These findings may be of importance in assessing the likely impact of the target-site mutations such as Y151S upon neonicotinoid insecticide resistance in insect field populations .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evidence has also been obtained which demonstrates that the resistance-associated Y151S mutation has a significantly reduced effect on neonicotinoid agonist activity when Nlalpha1 is co-assembled with Nlalpha2 than when expressed as the sole alpha subunit in a heteromeric nAChR .
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| Title: Herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP27 induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and apoptosis in HeLa cells .
| | Journal: J Virol Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19073744 Accession (PMID): 19073744 | | Abstract: The herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) protein ICP27 has been implicated in a variety of functions important for viral replication including host shutoff , viral gene expression , activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase ( JNK ) , and apoptosis inhibition .
In the present study we sought to examine the functions of ICP27 in the absence of viral infection by creating stable HeLa cell lines that inducibly express ICP27 .
Here , we characterize two such cell lines and show that ICP27 expression is associated with a cellular growth defect .
The observed defect is caused at least in part by the induction of apoptosis as indicated by caspase-3 activation , annexin V staining , and characteristic changes in cellular morphology .
In an effort to identify the function of ICP27 responsible for inducing apoptosis , we show that ICP27 expression is sufficient to activate p38 signaling to a level that is similar to that observed during wild-type HSV-1 infection .
However , ICP27 expression alone is unable to lead to a strong activation of JNK signaling .
Using chemical inhibitors , we show that the ICP27-mediated activation of p38 signaling is responsible for the observed induction of apoptosis in the induced cell lines .
Our findings suggest that during viral infection , ICP27 activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways via two distinct mechanisms .
ICP27 directly activates p38 signaling , leading to stimulation of the host cell apoptotic pathways .
In contrast , robust activation of JNK signaling by ICP27 requires one or more delayed early or late viral gene products and may be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In an effort to identify the function of ICP27 responsible for inducing apoptosis , we show that ICP27 expression is sufficient to activate p38 signaling to a level that is similar to that observed during wild-type HSV-1 infection .
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| Title: Purification and characterization of rice DNA methyltransferase .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol Biochem Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19401269 Accession (PMID): 19401269 | | Abstract: Epigenetic modification is essential for normal development and plays important roles in gene regulation in higher plants .
Multiple factors interact to regulate the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation in plant genome .
We had previously cloned and characterized DNA methyltransferase ( DNA MTase ) gene homologues ( OsMET1 ) from rice .
In this present study , determination of DNA MTase activity in different cellular compartments showed that DNA MTase was enriched in nuclei and the activity was remarkably increased during imbibing dry seeds .
We had optimized the purification technique for DNA MTase enzyme from shoots of 10-day-old rice seedlings using the three successive chromatographic columns .
The Econo-Pac Q , the Hitrap-Heparin and the Superdex-200 columns yielded a protein fraction of a specific activity of 29 , 298 and 800 purification folds , compared to the original nuclear extract , respectively .
The purified protein preferred hemi-methylated DNA substrate , suggesting the maintenance activity of methylation .
The native rice DNA MTase was approximately 160-170kDa and exhibited a broad pH optimum in the range of 7 . 6 and 8 . 0 .
The enzyme kinetics and inhibitory effects by methyl donor analogs , base analogs , cations , and cationic amines on rice DNA MTase were examined .
Global cytosine methylation status of rice genome during development and in various it issue culture systems were monitored and the results suggested that the cytosine methylation level is not directly correlated with the DNA MTase activity .
The purification and characterization of rice DNA MTase enzyme are expected to enhance our understanding of this enzyme function and their possible contributions in Gramineae plant development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enzyme kinetics and inhibitory effects by methyl donor analogs , base analogs , cations , and cationic amines on rice DNA MTase were examined .
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| Title: Use of disposed waste ash from landfills to replace Portland cement .
| | Journal: Waste Manag Res Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19423600 Accession (PMID): 19423600 | | Abstract: In this study , waste ash was utilized as a pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement in order to reduce negative environmental effects and landfill volume required to dispose of waste ash .
The influence of waste ash , namely palm oil fuel ash , rice husk ash and fly ash on compressive strength and sulfate resistance in mortar were studied and evaluated by some accelerated short-term techniques in sodium sulfate solutions .
Ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ) was partially replaced with ground palm oil fuel ash ( POA ) , ground rice husk ash ( RHA ) and classified fly ash ( FA ) .
Single pozzolan and a blend of equal weight portions of POA , RHA and FA were also used .
The resistance to sulfate attack of mortar improves substantially with partial replacement of OPC with POA , RHA and FA .
The use of a blend of equal weight portions of FA and POA or RHA produced mixes with good strength and resistance to sulfate attack .
POA , RHA and FA have a high potential to be used as a pozzolanic material | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , waste ash was utilized as a pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement in order to reduce negative environmental effects and landfill volume required to dispose of waste ash .
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| Title: Proteome Analysis of Probenazole-Effect in Rice-Bacterial Blight Interactions .
| | Journal: Protein Pept Lett Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19508222 Accession (PMID): 19508222 | | Abstract: To study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction , a proteomic approach was applied .
Oryza sativa cv .
Java 14 seedlings were treated with probenazole , followed by inoculation with compatible ( Xo7435 ) and incompatible ( T7174 ) races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
Cytosolic proteins were fractionated from leaf blades , separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Pathogenesis-related protein 5 ( PR5 ) was significantly induced with probenazole treatment followed by inoculation with T7174 or Xo7435 .
The sense PR5 transgenic rice plants were more highly resistant than the susceptible vector control against Xo7435 .
These results indicate that probenazole strongly induces PR5 in the interaction between rice and X oryzae pv . oryzae , and might be involved in the resistance mechanism of rice against bacterial blight .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction , a proteomic approach was applied .
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| Title: Keratinase production by endophytic Penicillium spp .
Morsy1 under solid-state fermentation using rice straw .
| | Journal: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19826961 Accession (PMID): 19826961 | | Abstract: Among all endophytic keratinolytic fungal isolates recovered from marine soft coral Dendronephthya hemprichii , Penicillium spp .
Morsy1 was selected as the hyperactive keratinolytic strain under solid substrate fermentation of different agriculture and poultry wastes .
The optimization of extraction process , physicochemical parameters affecting the keratinase production in solid-state fermentation , and the purified keratinase parameters were studied .
Maximum keratinase activity ( 1 , 600 U g ( -1 ) , initial dry substrate ) was recovered from moldy bran with 0 . 1% Tween 80 .
The optimized production conditions were rice straw as carbon source , pH of medium 6 , growth temperature 26 degrees C , initial moisture content of 80% ( v/w ) , inoculum size of 10 ( 5 ) spores ml ( -1 ) , and an average particle size of the substrate 0 . 6 mm ( 3 , 560 U g ( -1 ) , initial dry substrate after 5 days of fermentation ) .
Two types of keratinase ( Ahm1 and Ahm2 ) were purified from the culture supernatant through ammonium sulfate precipitation , DEAE-Sepharose , and gel filtration chromatography .
Enzyme molecular weights were 19 kDa ( Ahm1 ) and 40 kDa ( Ahm2 ) .
The kinetic parameters of purified keratinases were optimized for the hydrolysis of azokeratin by Ahm1 ( pH 7 . 0-8 . 0 , stable in pH range of 6 . 0 to 8 . 0 at 50 degrees C ) and Ahm2 enzymes ( pH 10 . 0-11 . 0 , stable in pH range of 6 . 0 to 11 . 0 at 60-65 degrees C ) .
Whereas inhibitors of serine ( phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ) and cysteine ( iodoacetamide ) proteases had minor effects on both Ahm1 and Ahm2 activity , both keratinases were strongly inhibited by chelating agents EDTA and EGTA .
These findings suggest that serine and cysteine residues are not involved in the catalytic mechanisms , and they are metalloproteases .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Whereas inhibitors of serine ( phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ) and cysteine ( iodoacetamide ) proteases had minor effects on both Ahm1 and Ahm2 activity , both keratinases were strongly inhibited by chelating agents EDTA and EGTA .
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| Title: Alkylresorcinol synthases expressed in Sorghum bicolor root hairs play an essential role in the biosynthesis of the allelopathic benzoquinone sorgoleone .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20348430 Accession (PMID): 20348430 | | Abstract: Sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species , producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone , which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of Sorghum spp .
Current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate ( 5- [ ( Z , Z ) -8 , 11 , 14-pentadecatrienyl ] resorcinol ) derived from an unusual 16 : 3Delta ( 9 , 12 , 15 ) fatty acyl-CoA starter unit .
This led to the suggestion of the involvement of one or more alkylresorcinol synthases ( ARSs ) , type III polyketide synthases ( PKSs ) that produce 5-alkylresorcinols using medium to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA starter units via iterative condensations with malonyl-CoA .
In an effort to characterize the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the pentadecyl resorcinol intermediate , a previously described expressed sequence tag database prepared from isolated S bicolor ( genotype BTx623 ) root hairs was first mined for all PKS-like sequences .
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that three of these sequences were preferentially expressed in root hairs , two of which ( designated ARS1 and ARS2 ) were found to encode ARS enzymes capable of accepting a variety of fatty acyl-CoA starter units in recombinant enzyme studies .
Furthermore , RNA interference experiments directed against ARS1 and ARS2 resulted in the generation of multiple independent transformant events exhibiting dramatically reduced sorgoleone levels .
Thus , both ARS1 and ARS2 are likely to participate in the biosynthesis of sorgoleone in planta .
The sequences of ARS1 and ARS2 were also used to identify several rice ( Oryza sativa ) genes encoding ARSs , which are likely involved in the production of defense-related alkylresorcinols .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In an effort to characterize the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the pentadecyl resorcinol intermediate , a previously described expressed sequence tag database prepared from isolated S bicolor ( genotype BTx623 ) root hairs was first mined for all PKS-like sequences .
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| Title: Genetic diversity and population structure of a diverse set of rice germplasm for association mapping .
| | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20364375 Accession (PMID): 20364375 | | Abstract: Germplasm diversity is the mainstay for crop improvement and genetic dissection of complex traits .
Understanding genetic diversity , population structure , and the level and distribution of linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) in target populations is of great importance and a prerequisite for association mapping .
In this study , 100 genome-wide simple sequence repeat ( SSR ) markers were used to assess genetic diversity , population structure , and LD of 416 rice accessions including landraces , cultivars and breeding lines collected mostly in China .
A model-based population structure analysis divided the rice materials into seven subpopulations .
63% of the SSR pairs in these accessions were in LD , which was mostly due to an overall population structure , since the number of locus pairs in LD was reduced sharply within each subpopulation , with the SSR pairs in LD ranging from 5 . 9 to 22 . 9% .
Among those SSR pairs showing significant LD , the intrachromosomal LD had an average of 25-50 cM in different subpopulations .
Analysis of the phenotypic diversity of 25 traits showed that the population structure accounted for an average of 22 . 4% of phenotypic variation .
An example association mapping for starch quality traits using both the candidate gene mapping and genome-wide mapping strategies based on the estimated population structure was conducted .
Candidate gene mapping confirmed that the Wx and starch synthase IIa ( SSIIa ) genes could be identified as strongly associated with apparent amylose content ( AAC ) and pasting temperature ( PT ) , respectively .
More importantly , we revealed that the Wx gene was also strongly associated with PT .
In addition to the major genes , we found five and seven SSRs were associated with AAC and PT , respectively , some of which have not been detected in previous linkage mapping studies .
The results suggested that the population may be useful for the genome-wide marker-trait association mapping .
This new association population has the potential to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) with small effects , which will aid in dissecting complex traits and in exploiting the rich diversity present in rice germplasm .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: This new association population has the potential to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) with small effects , which will aid in dissecting complex traits and in exploiting the rich diversity present in rice germplasm .
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| Title: Stable production of thermotolerant xylanase B of Clostridium stercorarium in transgenic tobacco and rice .
| | Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20460730 Accession (PMID): 20460730 | | Abstract: The xylanase B gene encoding a thermostable family 10 xylanase of Clostridium stercorarium was expressed in plants under the control of a constitutive promoter .
Two forms of the xylanase B gene , the xynB gene encoding the full length of the xylanase B gene including the bacterial signal sequence and the xynBM gene without the signal sequence region , were introduced into tobacco BY-2 cells and tobacco plants respectively under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter .
Transgenic BY-2 cells and tobacco plants showed xylanase activity and normal growth .
The recombinant enzyme produced in transgenic BY-2 cells harboring the xynB gene was secreted into the culture supernatant , and the recombinant enzyme produced in transgenic BY-2 cells harboring the xynBM gene was localized in the cells .
In contrast to tobacco plants , expression of the xynB gene under the control of the rice actin promoter in rice plants was toxic to host cells .
However , the recombinant XynBM accumulated in leaf cells , and no phenotypic effect of expression of the xynBM gene was observed .
Enzyme activity was maintained in cell-free extracts of transgenic rice leaves at 60 degrees C for 72 h , and the recombinant XynBM degraded hemicellulosic polymers in cell-free extracts of transgenic rice leaves .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the recombinant XynBM accumulated in leaf cells , and no phenotypic effect of expression of the xynBM gene was observed .
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| Title: Prejudice against international students : the role of threat perceptions and authoritarian dispositions in US students .
| | Journal: J Psychol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20806848 Accession (PMID): 20806848 | | Abstract: International students provide a variety of benefits to higher education institutions within the United States ( J J Lee , 2007 ; J J Lee & C Rice , 2007 ) .
Despite these benefits , many international students experience prejudice and discrimination by American students .
The purpose of the present study was to examine several potential predictors of prejudice against international students : perceptions of international students as symbolic and realistic threats , right-wing authoritarianism , and social dominance orientation .
A simultaneous regression analysis that the authors based on 188 students at a Southwestern university revealed that perceptions of symbolic and realistic threats and social dominance orientation were each positive and significant predictors of prejudice .
Mediation analyses suggested that the effects of right-wing authoritarianism on prejudice is fully mediated through perceived symbolic threat and partially mediated by realistic threat .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mediation analyses suggested that the effects of right-wing authoritarianism on prejudice is fully mediated through perceived symbolic threat and partially mediated by realistic threat .
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| Title: Transpositional landscape of the rice genome revealed by paired-end mapping of high-throughput re-sequencing data .
| | Journal: Plant J Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21219509 Accession (PMID): 21219509 | | Abstract: Transposable elements ( TEs ) are mobile entities that densely populate most eukaryotic genomes and contribute to both their structural and functional dynamics .
However , most TE-related sequences in both plant and animal genomes correspond to inactive , degenerated elements , due to the combined effect of silencing pathways and elimination through deletions .
One of the major difficulties in fully characterizing the molecular basis of genetic diversity of a given species lies in establishing its genome-wide transpositional activity .
Here , we provide an extensive survey of the transpositional landscape of a plant genome using a deep sequencing strategy .
This was achieved through paired-end mapping of a fourfold coverage of the genome of rice mutant line derived from an in vitro callus culture using Illumina technology .
Our study shows that at least 13 TE families are active in this genotype , causing 34 new insertions .
This next-generation sequencing-based strategy provides new opportunities to quantify the impact of TEs on the genome dynamics of the species .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , most TE-related sequences in both plant and animal genomes correspond to inactive , degenerated elements , due to the combined effect of silencing pathways and elimination through deletions .
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| Title: Rice ABI5-Like1 regulates abscisic acid and auxin responses by affecting the expression of ABRE-containing genes .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21546455 Accession (PMID): 21546455 | | Abstract: Abscisic acid ( ABA ) regulates plant development and is crucial for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses .
Studies have identified the key components of ABA signaling in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) , some of which regulate ABA responses by the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes .
Here , we report the functional identification of rice ( Oryza sativa ) ABI5-Like1 ( ABL1 ) , which is a basic region/leucine zipper motif transcription factor .
ABL1 is expressed in various it issues and is induced by the hormones ABA and indole-3-acetic acid and stress conditions including salinity , drought , and osmotic pressure .
The ABL1 deficiency mutant , abl1 , shows suppressed ABA responses , and ABL1 expression in the Arabidopsis abi5 mutant rescued the ABA sensitivity .
The ABL1 protein is localized to the nucleus and can directly bind ABA-responsive elements ( ABREs ; G-box ) in vitro .
A gene expression analysis by DNA chip hybridization confirms that a large proportion of down-regulated genes of abl1 are involved in stress responses , consistent with the transcriptional activating effects of ABL1 .
Further studies indicate that ABL1 regulates the plant stress responses by regulating a series of ABRE-containing WRKY family genes .
In addition , the abl1 mutant is hypersensitive to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid , and some ABRE-containing genes related to auxin metabolism or signaling are altered under ABL1 deficiency , suggesting that ABL1 modulates ABA and auxin responses by directly regulating the ABRE-containing genes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A gene expression analysis by DNA chip hybridization confirms that a large proportion of down-regulated genes of abl1 are involved in stress responses , consistent with the transcriptional activating effects of ABL1 .
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| Title: Application of a novel method PCR-ligase detection reaction for tracking predator-prey trophic links in insect-resistant GM rice ecosystem .
| | Journal: Ecotoxicology Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21915734 Accession (PMID): 21915734 | | Abstract: Insect-resistant genetically modified ( IRGM ) rice is on the verge of commercial release in China , however , its potential non-target effect on non-target insect natural enemies remains controversial Tracking trophic interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice ecosystem can provide new insights into better understanding of the ecological risks of IRGM rice .
In the present study , a novel method based on ligase detection reaction ( LDR ) , PCR-LDR was introduced to track 15 prey species in the gut of a predaceous spider Pirata subpiraticus , a dominant natural enemy in rice field .
Our results indicated that PCR-LDR could provide high specificity and sensitivity in tracking prey-predator interactions in rice ecosystems .
PCR-LDR could detect as little as 1 , 000 th of DNA mixture .
Reliable detection of DNA samples of prey species using PCR-LDR could be significantly affected by digestion time and prey species .
In the analysis of 200 field-collected P subpiraticus and 105 field-collected Tetragnatha maxillosa individuals using PCR-LDR , prey remains were identified in 78 . 3 and 74 . 3% of the individuals , respectively , from which significant predation differences between the two spider species were observed .
Predation behavior of the spider species was not significantly different between Bt and non-Bt control rice lines .
These results indicated that PCR-LDR can be used as an important tool for ecological studies , especially on the interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice or other similar ecosystems .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Insect-resistant genetically modified ( IRGM ) rice is on the verge of commercial release in China , however , its potential non-target effect on non-target insect natural enemies remains controversial Tracking trophic interactions between predators and preys in IRGM rice ecosystem can provide new insights into better understanding of the ecological risks of IRGM rice .
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| Title: Biocontrol of Fusarium head blight : interactions between Trichoderma and mycotoxigenic Fusarium .
| | Journal: Microbiology Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21980117 Accession (PMID): 21980117 | | Abstract: Fusarium head blight ( FHB ) is a re-emerging wheat disease that causes extensive damage through direct losses in yield and quality due to the presence of damaged Fusarium kernels and their associated mycotoxins such as the trichothecene deoxynivalenol ( DON ) .
Biological control , including the treatment of crop residues with antagonists , in order to reduce pathogen inoculum of FHB , holds considerable promise .
Ten Trichoderma isolates , previously selected for their ability to grow in the presence of DON , were preliminarily investigated as potential antagonists against Fusarium culmorum and F graminearum mycotoxigenic strains in plate confrontation assays .
The three Trichoderma isolates showing antibiosis and mycoparasitism were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit DON production by F graminearum and F culmorum on two natural substrates .
The expression of some chitinase-encoding genes by the two best resulting Trichoderma strains , during interaction with F culmorum and F graminearum , was monitored .
All investigated genes from chitinase subgroups A , B and the new subgroup C responded to mycoparasitic conditions and were upregulated before contact and/or when in contact with the host T gamsii 6085 , the best antagonist , was finally used in a competition test against F culmorum and F graminearum on natural substrates , using a qPCR approach to evaluate its effect on the pathogens growth and DON production in haulms and rice .
This test confirmed the ability of T gamsii 6085 to antagonize the pathogens on rice .
On wheat haulms , an extreme oligotrophic environment , T gamsii 6085 seemed to develop very poorly and the growth of both the pathogens was unaffected by the presence of the antagonist | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: All investigated genes from chitinase subgroups A , B and the new subgroup C responded to mycoparasitic conditions and were upregulated before contact and/or when in contact with the host T gamsii 6085 , the best antagonist , was finally used in a competition test against F culmorum and F graminearum on natural substrates , using a qPCR approach to evaluate its effect on the pathogens growth and DON production in haulms and rice .
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| Title: Catalytic pyrolysis of waste rice husk over mesoporous materials .
| | Journal: Nanoscale Res Lett Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22221540 Accession (PMID): 22221540 | | Abstract: ABSTRACT : Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste rice husk was carried out using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [ Py-GC/MS ] .
Meso-MFI zeolite [ Meso-MFI ] was used as the catalyst In addition , a 0 . 5-wt . % platinum [ Pt ] was ion-exchanged into Meso-MFI to examine the effect of Pt addition .
Using a catalytic upgrading method , the activities of the catalysts were evaluated in terms of product composition and deoxygenation .
The structure and acid site characteristics of the catalysts were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption analysis .
Catalytic upgrading reduced the amount of oxygenates in the product vapor due to the cracking reaction of the catalysts .
Levoglucosan , a polymeric oxygenate species , was completely decomposed without being detected .
While the amount of heavy phenols was reduced by catalytic upgrading , the amount of light phenols was increased because of the catalytic cracking of heavy phenols into light phenols and aromatics .
The amount of aromatics increased remarkably as a result of catalytic upgrading , which is attributed to the strong Bronsted acid sites and the shape selectivity of the Meso-MFI catalyst The addition of Pt made the Meso-MFI catalyst even more active in deoxygenation and in the production of aromatics .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Meso-MFI zeolite [ Meso-MFI ] was used as the catalyst In addition , a 0 . 5-wt . % platinum [ Pt ] was ion-exchanged into Meso-MFI to examine the effect of Pt addition .
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| Title: Leaf ascorbic acid level - Is it really important for ozone tolerance in rice?
| | Journal: Plant Physiol Biochem Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22417733 Accession (PMID): 22417733 | | Abstract: Leaf ascorbic acid ( ASA ) level is thought to be an important trait conferring stress tolerance in plants , but definite evidence regarding its effectiveness in the breeding of stress tolerant crops is lacking .
Therefore , the stress response of a rice TOS17 insertion mutant ( ND6172 ) for a GDP-d-mannose-3 , 5-epimerase gene , which is involved in ASA biosynthesis , was tested .
Two fumigation experiments were conducted , in which rice plants ( Oryza sativa L ) were exposed to ( i ) high ozone for ten days at the tillering stage ( 100 ppb , 7 h day ( -1 ) ) ; and ( ii ) to four different ozone concentrations ranging from charcoal filtered air to 2 . 5 times the ambient concentration for the entire growth season .
The mutant ND6172 had around 20-30% lower ASA level than the wild-type ( Nipponbare ) , and exhibited a moderately higher level of visible leaf symptoms due to ozone exposure .
Differences in ASA level between ND6172 and Nipponbare led to differential responses of the glutathione level , and the activities of glutathione reductase , ascorbate peroxidase , and dehydroascorbate reductase .
With season-long ozone fumigation , yields and yield components were not negatively affected at ambient ozone level in both genotypes , but showed stronger decreases in ND6172 at higher ozone levels , especially at 2 . 5 times the ambient level .
Similarly , the mature straw of ND6172 exhibited a higher degree of lignification at the 2 . 5 times ambient ozone level .
In conclusion , a difference in leaf ASA level of around 20-30% is relevant for ozone tolerance in rice at levels exceeding the current ambient ozone concentrations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Leaf ascorbic acid ( ASA ) level is thought to be an important trait conferring stress tolerance in plants , but definite evidence regarding its effectiveness in the breeding of stress tolerant crops is lacking .
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| Title: Improved semiconductor lattice parameters and band gaps from a middle-range screened hybrid exchange functional | | Journal: J Phys Condens Matter Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22417942 Accession (PMID): 22417942 | | Abstract: We show that the middle-range exchange-correlation hybrid of Henderson , Izmaylov , Scuseria and Savin ( HISS ) performs extremely well for elemental and binary semiconductors with narrow or visible spectrum band gaps , as well as some wider gap or more ionic systems used in devices .
The lattice parameters are superior to those predicted by the screened hybrid functional of Heyd , Scuseria and Ernzerhof ( HSE ) , and provide a significant improvement over the geometries predicted by typical semilocal functionals , yielding results competitive with PBEsol , which was specially tuned for solids .
HISS also yields band gaps superior to those produced by functionals developed specifically for the solid state .
Timings indicate that HISS is more computationally efficient than HSE , implying that the high quality lattice constants coupled with improved optical band gap predictions render HISS a useful adjunct to HSE in the modeling of geometry-sensitive semiconductors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Timings indicate that HISS is more computationally efficient than HSE , implying that the high quality lattice constants coupled with improved optical band gap predictions render HISS a useful adjunct to HSE in the modeling of geometry-sensitive semiconductors .
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| Title: Smoking Beliefs and Behavior Among Youth in South Korea , Taiwan , and Thailand .
| | Journal: Int J Behav Med Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22592594 Accession (PMID): 22592594 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Beliefs about smoking are important predictors of smoking behavior among adolescents , and adolescents who hold positive beliefs about the benefits of smoking are at an increased risk of smoking initiation .
An alarming fact is the rising smoking prevalence in Asian countries , particularly the increasing trend in smoking during adolescence .
PURPOSE : This cross-sectional study examined smoking beliefs and behavior among a nationally representative sample of youth in South Korea , Taiwan , and Thailand .
METHODS : Descriptive statistics , linear regression , and logistic regression methods were used to analyze data from 13-15-year-old adolescents who participated in the 2005 Global Youth Tobacco Survey ( GYTS ) in South Korea ( N = 4 , 765 ) and Thailand ( N = 15 , 420 ) and the 2007 GYTS in Taiwan ( N = 3 , 955 ) .
RESULTS : The rate of ever smoking among youth was similar in all three countries and ranged from 26 . 7 to 28 . 0 % .
The prevalence of current smoking among youth in Thailand ( 11 . 4 % ) was nearly double the prevalence in South Korea ( 6 . 6 % ) and Taiwan ( 6 . 5 % ) .
Pro-tobacco advertising exposure , as well as older ages , was a positive and significant predictor of positive beliefs about smoking among youth in all three countries .
Additionally , youth who reported increased positive smoking-related beliefs , greater pro-tobacco advertising exposure , and were male were more likely to be current smokers in all three countries .
CONCLUSION : Results suggest that greater attention be directed to understanding beliefs and attitudes about smoking among youth .
Exploring the relationship between these factors and smoking behavior can provide a strong starting point in the development of effective smoking prevention interventions and tobacco control policies in this region .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Exploring the relationship between these factors and smoking behavior can provide a strong starting point in the development of effective smoking prevention interventions and tobacco control policies in this region .
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| Title: Parental education and frequency of food consumption in European children : the IDEFICS study .
| | Journal: Public Health Nutr Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22687743 Accession (PMID): 22687743 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To assess the relationship between parental education level and the consumption frequency of obesity-related foods in European children .
DESIGN : The analysis was based on data from the cross-sectional baseline survey of a prospective cohort study .
The effects of parental education on food consumption were explored using analysis of covariance and logistic regression .
SETTING : Primary schools and pre-schools of selected regions in Italy , Estonia , Cyprus , Belgium , Sweden , Hungary , Germany and Spain .
SUBJECTS : Participants ( n 14 426 ) of the IDEFICS baseline cohort study aged 2 to 9 years .
RESULTS : Parental education level affected the intake of obesity-related foods in children .
Children in the low and medium parental education level groups had lower odds of more frequently eating low-sugar and low-fat foods ( vegetables , fruits , pasta/noodles/rice and wholemeal bread ) and higher odds of more frequently eating high-sugar and high-fat foods ( fried potatoes , fruits with sugar and nuts , snacks/desserts and sugared beverages ; P < 0 . 001 ) .
The largest odds ratio differences were found in the low category ( reference category : high ) for vegetables ( OR = 0 . 56 ; 95 % CI 0 . 47 , 0 . 65 ) , fruits ( OR = 0 . 56 ; 95 % CI 0 . 48 , 0 . 65 ) , fruits with sugar and nuts ( OR = 2 . 23 ; 95 % CI 1 . 92 , 2 . 59 ) and sugared beverages ( OR = 2 . 01 ; 95 % CI 1 . 77 , 2 . 37 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : Low parental education level was associated with intakes of sugar-rich and fatty foods among children , while high parental education level was associated with intakes of low-sugar and low-fat foods .
These findings should be taken into account in public health interventions , with more targeted policies aiming at an improvement of childrens diet .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of parental education on food consumption were explored using analysis of covariance and logistic regression .
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| Title: [ Waterborne iron migration by groundwater irrigation pumping in a typical irrigation district of Sanjiang Plain ] .
| | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22720567 Accession (PMID): 22720567 | | Abstract: The iron concentration in groundwater , irons seasonal migration from groundwater to sun-basked pools , paddy fields and drainage canals , and its distribution in the sediments/soils were observed in the Jiansanjiang Branch Bureau , Heilongjiang Agricultural Cultivation Bureau .
The results suggested that the total iron mass concentration of the studied area was ( 1 . 73 +/- 0 . 41 ) mg x L ( -1 ) , ranging from 0 . 01 to 11 . 4 mg x L ( -1 ) , with the variation coefficient of 1 . 29% .
The annual iron input mass from groundwater to paddy fields and other surface water bodies was 4 976 . 40 t in 2010 , according to the rice planting area and rating irrigation volume .
Dissolved Fe2+ , Fe3+ and iron , as well as the total iron ( dissolved and particle ) had seasonal variation , with greater values presented in June and July .
These waterborne irons in paddy field waters were greater than those in sun-basked pools and drainage canals .
Obvious enrichment effect was observed in sun-basked pools and paddy fields , with their total iron mass concentrations were 6 . 17 and 21 . 65 times greater than that in groundwater .
Either the total iron or iron oxides in sun-baked pool sediments were greater than that in paddy field soils , field canal and main canal sediments .
The differences of the total iron and iron oxides in paddy field soils , field canal and main canal sediments were not significantly different .
Considerable irons were precipitated within sun-basked pools and paddy fields during the transfer from groundwater to surface water , with a part of irons exporting into canals through drainage and then precipitated there .
Not only the change of total iron mass , but the transformation of iron chemical speciation was observed during the transfer , which was affected by paddy irrigation management directly .
The long-term irrigation pumping could cause the substantial enrichment of iron in paddy soils and canal sediments , resulting in the increase of potential pollution risk .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Obvious enrichment effect was observed in sun-basked pools and paddy fields , with their total iron mass concentrations were 6 . 17 and 21 . 65 times greater than that in groundwater .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Control of grain size , shape and quality by OsSPL16 in rice .
| | Journal: Nat Genet Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22729225 Accession (PMID): 22729225 | | Abstract: Grain size and shape are important components of grain yield and quality and have been under selection since cereals were first domesticated .
Here , we show that a quantitative trait locus GW8 is synonymous with OsSPL16 , which encodes a protein that is a positive regulator of cell proliferation .
Higher expression of this gene promotes cell division and grain filling , with positive consequences for grain width and yield in rice .
Conversely , a loss-of-function mutation in Basmati rice is associated with the formation of a more slender grain and better quality of appearance .
The correlation between grain size and allelic variation at the GW8 locus suggests that mutations within the promoter region were likely selected in rice breeding programs .
We also show that a marker-assisted strategy targeted at elite alleles of GS3 and OsSPL16 underlying grain size and shape can be effectively used to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: We also show that a marker-assisted strategy targeted at elite alleles of GS3 and OsSPL16 underlying grain size and shape can be effectively used to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Loss of carbofuran from rice paddy water : chemical and physical factors .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub25291 Accession (PMID): 25291 | | Abstract: The loss of carbofuran was studied from rice paddy water treated with a granular formulation of the insecticide , and from ponds filled with drainage from the paddy .
The average half-life ( t 1/2 ) for carbofuran loss was 57 hr .
Controlled experiments indicated that pH was the predominating factor governing carbofuran loss from water in the environment studied .
The loss due to hydrolysis was over 700 times more rapid at pH ( t 1/2 = 1 . 2 hr . ) than at pH ( t 1/2 = 864 hr . ) in buffered deionized water .
The average pH of the rice paddy was 8 , but diurnal fluctuations of 7 to 9 . 5 are common in similar environments .
Impurities in the water , sunlight , and temperature influence the rate of carbofuran loss but not nearly so much as pH .
There was no evidence for significant loss due to evaporation or oxidation .
The results have important implications for the duration of the insecticides activity and the effect on fish within or downstream from treated paddies . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results have important implications for the duration of the insecticides activity and the effect on fish within or downstream from treated paddies .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Snake venoms in science and clinical medicine .
1 .
Russells viper : biology , venom and treatment of bites .
| | Journal: Trans .
R Soc . Trop . Med . Hyg . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2533418 Accession (PMID): 2533418 | | Abstract: Russells viper , Vipera russelli ( Shaw ) , is distributed erratically in 10 south Asian countries and is a leading cause of fatal snake bite in Pakistan , India , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka , Burma and Thailand .
In Burma it has been the 5th most important cause of death .
Its venom is of great interest to laboratory scientists and clinicians .
The precoagulant activity of the venom was used by Macfarlane and others to elucidate the human clotting cascade .
Up to 70% of the protein content is phospholipase A2 , present in the form of at least 7 isoenzymes .
Possible clinical effects of the enzyme include haemolysis , rhabdomyolysis , pre-synaptic neurotoxicity , vasodilatation and shock , release of endogenous autacoids and interaction with monoamine receptors .
Russells viper bite is an occupational hazard of rice farmers throughout its geographical range .
Defibrination , spontaneous haemorrhage , shock and renal failure develop with frightening rapidity .
In several countries , Russells viper bite is the commonest cause of acute renal failure .
There is a fascinating geographical variation in the clinical manifestations , doubtless reflecting differences in venom composition .
Conjunctival oedema is unique to Burma , acute pituitary infarction to Burma and south India , and rhabdomyolysis and neurotoxicity to Sri Lanka and south India .
Treatment with potent specific antivenom rapidly controls bleeding and clotting disorders , but may not reverse nephrotoxicity and shock .
Causes of death include shock , pituitary and intracranial haemorrhage , massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute tubular necrosis or bilateral renal cortical necrosis .
The paddy farmer and the Russells viper coexist in fragile symbiosis .
The snake controls rodent pests but inevitably interacts with man , often with mutually disastrous results .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Possible clinical effects of the enzyme include haemolysis , rhabdomyolysis , pre-synaptic neurotoxicity , vasodilatation and shock , release of endogenous autacoids and interaction with monoamine receptors .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Ecdysteroid mediated fat body acid phosphatase activity during larval development of rice moth , Corcyra cephalonica ( Lepidoptera ) .
| | Journal: Biochem . Int . Year: 1988 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3245841 Accession (PMID): 3245841 | | Abstract: 20-hydroxyecdysone ( 20-HE ) stimulates acid phosphatase activity in the fat body of ligated late-last instar larvae .
This effect is time dependent and the specific activity of enzyme increases significantly in hormone treated insects .
20-HE also stimulates general protein synthesis .
Cycloheximide treatment either in conjunction with 20-HE or after hormone treatment blocks the increase in enzyme activity as well as increase in protein content .
However , actinomycin D treatment does not alter the enzyme activity while it blocks the increase in total RNA as well as increase in protein content .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This effect is time dependent and the specific activity of enzyme increases significantly in hormone treated insects .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Mycotoxins produced from fungi isolated from foodstuffs and soil : comparison of toxicity in fibroblasts and rat feeding tests .
| | Journal: Appl . Environ . Microbiol . Year: 1984 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6541890 Accession (PMID): 6541890 | | Abstract: Thirty-nine isolates of fungi obtained from foodstuffs and soil samples from various parts of the world have been identified .
The isolates were grown on a solid rice medium , and extracts were prepared with 50% aqueous methanol .
The extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems : ( i ) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts ( proliferating and nonproliferating ) and mouse fibroblasts ; ( ii ) skin toxicity after topical application on rats ; and ( iii ) rat feeding tests in which rats were examined for death , overt pathological effects including congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , weight loss , food refusal , and uterine growth .
Sixteen culture extracts were highly toxic as indicated by death , congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , and net weight loss .
One half of the isolates were highly cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 0 . 01 to 5 micrograms/ml ) as indicated by the ability to cause death and disintegration of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts and human diploid skin fibroblasts during 3 to 4 days in culture .
The remainder were moderately cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 5 to 250 micrograms/ml ) .
Four culture extracts were highly toxic by some clinical criteria but did not cause congestion and hemorrhage of it issues and were weakly cytotoxic ( 50% lethal concentration , 250 to 5 , 000 micrograms/ml ) .
Six culture extracts exhibited moderate toxicity ( weight loss only ) and low cytotoxicity ( 50% lethal concentration , 3 , 000 to 50 , 000 micrograms/ml ) .
Four culture extracts caused uterine enlargement as the major clinical sign , suggesting the presence of zearalenone .
Eleven culture extracts were weakly cytotoxic and caused no major clinical signs , except skin toxicity in two extracts . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems : ( i ) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts ( proliferating and nonproliferating ) and mouse fibroblasts ; ( ii ) skin toxicity after topical application on rats ; and ( iii ) rat feeding tests in which rats were examined for death , overt pathological effects including congestion and hemorrhage of it issues , weight loss , food refusal , and uterine growth .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31 .
| | Journal: J Appl . Bacteriol . Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6619020 Accession (PMID): 6619020 | | Abstract: The upper limiting temperature of growth of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in heart infusion broth ( HI ) was about 44 degrees C but addition of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) and soy sauce permitted the organism to grow above this temperature .
This effect is similar to that of NaCl .
Tomato ketchup , Worcestershire and HP sauces added to HI did not allow growth at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C but death was delayed .
Staphylococcus aureus died in unsupplemented chicken meat slurry at 46 degrees C but grew at 48 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and survived incubation for 18 h at 50 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and 5% MSG .
Cultures grown at 37 degrees C had a D60 value of 2 min in 50 mmol/l Tris ( pH 7 . 2 ) buffer .
Cultures grown at 46 degrees C in HI containing 5 . 8% NaCl had a D60 value of 8 min in Tris buffer .
Addition of 5 . 8% NaCl plus 5% MSG to the buffer increased the D60 by a factor of about 7 for both cultures .
In storage experiments at room temperature , the culture grown at 37 degrees C and at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl died at about the same rate in salami .
In milk powder , however , the count of 37 degrees C culture decreased from 10% g to 10 ( 6 ) /g in 5 weeks while the count of 46 degrees C culture remained unchanged .
In cottage cheese , freeze-dried rice and macaroni , the 37 degrees C cultures also died more rapidly .
It is suggested that cultures grown at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl may be suitable for experiments with artificially contaminated foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This effect is similar to that of NaCl .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6678753 Accession (PMID): 6678753 | | Abstract: The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers .
Chloroquine ( 600 mg base ) was administered orally in two circumstances : on empty stomach and along with a rice-based breakfast Timed blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma concentrations of the drug .
The results suggest that the area under the concentration curve ( AUC0-12 ) and peak plasma levels are significantly higher when chloroquine is administered along with food , though the rate of absorption is not different .
It appears , therefore , that a rice-based meal facilitates chloroquine absorption , thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: In vitro biopharmaceutical investigation of antacid activity in standard dissolution test apparatus .
| | Journal: Year: 1995 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7725926 Accession (PMID): 7725926 | | Abstract: The pH stat titration and the Rossett-Rice test used especially for the reaction kinetical and in vitro biopharmaceutical investigation of antacids were standardized applying the USP Dissolution Test Apparatus with paddle stirring element .
The developed "artificial stomach" is suitable to simulate also the gastric emptying .
The in vitro model may give a new alternative for the in vitro evaluation of antacid effectiveness , because this standardized method may perfectly eliminate the deficiencies of the earlier test prescriptions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The in vitro model may give a new alternative for the in vitro evaluation of antacid effectiveness , because this standardized method may perfectly eliminate the deficiencies of the earlier test prescriptions .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Studies on the ileum-contracting mechanisms and identification as a complement C3a receptor agonist of oryzatensin , a bioactive peptide derived from rice albumin .
| | Journal: Peptides Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8822503 Accession (PMID): 8822503 | | Abstract: Oryzatensin ( Gly-Tyr-Pro-Met-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro-Arg ) is an ileum-contracting and immunostimulating peptide derived from rice albumin .
The mechanisms for the ileal contraction that it induces , consisting of rapid and slow components , were examined .
The rapid contraction was mediated by histamine release and the slow contraction by a prostaglandin E2-like substance , judging from the effects of various pharmacological inhibitors and antagonists on ileal contraction and titration of histamine release .
The contractile profile was very similar to that of human complement C3a ( 70-77 ) , which is the COOH-terminal octapeptide of C3a and has , although less potent , qualitatively the same biological activities as C3a .
Oryzatensin showed homology with C3a ( 70-77 ) and affinity for C3a receptors ( IC50 = 44 microM ) by radioreceptor assay .
This is the first report of a food-derived bioactive peptide acting through complement C3a receptors . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rapid contraction was mediated by histamine release and the slow contraction by a prostaglandin E2-like substance , judging from the effects of various pharmacological inhibitors and antagonists on ileal contraction and titration of histamine release .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Comparison of alternative buffers for use with a new live oral cholera vaccine , Peru-15 , in outpatient volunteers .
| | Journal: Infect . Immun . Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9169739 Accession (PMID): 9169739 | | Abstract: During development of Peru-15 , a new live oral vaccine for cholera , the role of buffer needed to be evaluated .
Generally , oral bacterial vaccines are acid labile and need to be administered by using a formulation which protects them from gastric acid .
We compared three different buffers for use with Peru-15 , including a standard bicarbonate-ascorbic acid buffer , Alka-Seltzer , and a new electrolyte-rice buffer , CeraVacx .
Saline served as the control .
Thirty-nine healthy adult volunteers received Peru-15 ( 10 ( 8 ) CFU ) with one of the three buffers or saline in a double-masked study .
The volunteers were monitored for symptoms for 7 days after the dose , serum was tested for antibody responses by vibriocidal antibody and immunoglobulin G antitoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays , and stool samples were tested for excretion of the vaccine strain .
Side effects were minimal in all groups .
All 30 volunteers who took Peru-15 with a buffer showed significant rises in vibriocidal antibody titer .
The magnitude of the rises was higher in the CeraVacx group than in the other two buffer groups .
Four of nine volunteers who took the vaccine with saline also showed increased titers , but they were lower than those in any of the three buffer groups .
Excretion of the vaccine strain was similar in the buffer groups , but excretion was not associated with the magnitude of the vibriocidal responses .
Excretion of Peru-15 was not detected in the saline group .
We conclude that buffer does amplify the serological response to Peru-15 and that CeraVacx may provide benefits not provided by other buffers .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Side effects were minimal in all groups .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
| | Journal: Pharmacol . Res . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10378987 Accession (PMID): 10378987 | | Abstract: We studied the effect of the methanol extract of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting ( OSHT ) on anaphylaxis .
OSHT ( 0 . 001-1 . 0 mg g-1body weight ( BW ) ) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats .
When OSHT was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0 . 001 to 1 . 0 mg g-1BW , the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner .
OSHT ( 0 .
001-1 . 0 mg g-1BW ) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE .
Moreover , OSHT dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ( RPMC ) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE .
The level of cAMP in RPMC , when OSHT was added , significantly increased approx .
20-fold compared with that of basal cells .
These results indicate that OSHT possesses strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L subsp . hsien Ting in rats .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture : an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10570123 Accession (PMID): 10570123 | | Abstract: The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed .
The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China , the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earths surface , and the response of rice and winter wheat grown in Nanjing to the change in solar irradiance .
Two sets of aerosol optical depths are presented : one based on a coupled , regional climate/air quality model simulation and the other inferred from solar radiation measurements made over a 12-year period at meteorological stations in China .
The model-estimated optical depths are significantly smaller than those derived from observations , perhaps because of errors in one or both sets of optical depths or because the data from the meteorological stations has been affected by local pollution .
Radiative transfer calculations using the smaller , model-estimated aerosol optical depths indicate that the so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of Chinas most productive agricultural regions .
Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1 : 1 relationship between a percentage increase ( decrease ) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase ( decrease ) in the yields of rice and wheat .
Collectively , these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30% .
Reducing the severity of regional haze in China through air pollution control could potentially result in a significant increase in crop yields and help the nation meet its growing food demands in the coming decades .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture : an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls?
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus contents .
I Effects on bird performance and toe ash .
| | Journal: Br . Poult . Sci . Year: 1999 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10670679 Accession (PMID): 10670679 | | Abstract: 1 .
Seven-day old male broilers ( n=900 ) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal-based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid ( 10 . 4 , 13 . 2 and 15 . 7 g/kg ; equivalent to 2 . 9 , 3 . 7 and 4 . 4 g/kg phytate phosphorus ) , 2 of non-phytate phosphorus ( 2 . 3 and 4 . 5 g/kg ) and 3 of microbial phytase ( Natuphos 5000 L ; 0 , 400 and 800 FTU/kg ) in a 19-d trial The dietary phytic acid contents were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollard .
2 .
Each dietary treatment was fed to 5 pens ( 10 birds/pen ) from 7 to 25 d of age .
Records of body weight , food intake and mortality were maintained .
On d 25 , all surviving birds were killed and toe samples were obtained for toe ash measurements .
3 .
Increasing dietary phytic acid negatively influenced body weight gain , food intake and food/gain .
These adverse effects were partially overcome by the addition of microbial phytase .
4 .
Supplemental phytase caused improvements in weight gain and food efficiency of broilers but the magnitude of the responses was greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets , resulting in significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interactions .
5 .
Toe ash contents were improved by phytase addition but the response was greater at the highest concentration of phytic acid , resulting in a significant phytic acid x phytase interaction .
Responses were also greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets as indicated by significant non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction .
6 .
In general , there was very little difference in the responses to phytase additions at 400 and 800 FTU/kg .
7 .
The performance responses to added phytase in birds receiving adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets provide evidence for the influence of the enzyme on animal performance independent of its effect on phosphorus availability .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: I Effects on bird performance and toe ash .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of light on the photosynthetic apparatus and a novel type of degradation of the photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes under darkness .
| | Journal: J Photochem . Photobiol . B , Biol .
Year: 2000 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub10877065 Accession (PMID): 10877065 | | Abstract: A novel type of degradation of photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes has been observed in rice leaves under darkness in the present study .
Photosynthesis , chlorophyll content , the chlorophyll a/b ratio , and relative amounts of ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase decrease during dark treatment .
The levels of photosystem II reaction-center complex and cytochrome f on the basis of units of chlorophyll also decline rapidly under darkness .
In contrast , the levels of photosystem I reaction-center complex remain stable under darkness for six days .
Low-temperature fluorescence emission spectra ascribed to photosystem I antennae clearly show a blue shift .
A similar shift is also observed in the photosystem I complexes resolved with dodecyl maltoside-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Moreover , polypeptide analysis of the thylakoids and photosystem I complexes isolated from the green gels shows that some polypeptides originating from photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes disappear during the dark treatment .
A curve-fitting method also displays remarkable changes in the chlorophyll components between the light and dark treatments .
It is likely that these results indicate the disconnection/disassembly of the photosystem I antenna as well as the photosystem II complexes induced by dark treatment .
Moreover , these findings also imply the existence of different degradation mechanisms for the photosystem I and II complexes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of light on the photosynthetic apparatus and a novel type of degradation of the photosystem I peripheral antenna complexes under darkness .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Quantitative structure-activity studies of insect growth regulators : XVIII .
Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata .
| | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Year: 2001 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11561414 Accession (PMID): 11561414 | | Abstract: Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( Say ) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl ( A-ring ) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group , with the other benzoyl ( B-ring ) moiety being unsubstituted .
The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR ) procedures .
The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) previously reported .
Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects , as well as certain substitution patterns , were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity .
The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un- , ortho and meta-substituted compounds .
Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound .
Among 46 compounds tested , the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata , although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis .
| | Journal: Electrophoresis Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11870777 Accession (PMID): 11870777 | | Abstract: Using direct N-terminal analysis , only 31 N-terminally unblocked proteins out of 100 rice embryo proteins could be identified .
To obtain protein sequence information for the remaining 69 blocked proteins , we developed a simple , efficient and rapid method .
Using this method , we determined the peptide maps of 20 proteins per day in 10 pmol amounts .
Applying this method to rice proteome analysis , we determined the internal sequences of all 69 blocked proteins .
A total of 28 proteins out of 100 analyzed showed sequence similarity to the proteins with known functions in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI databases .
Alternatively , we also used peptide mass fingerprinting determined by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) to identify the rice proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) .
Although peptide-mass fingerprinting is a high-throughput method , we could not easily identify all the rice proteins or genes by this method , because the complete database information on rice , is not yet available and many proteins are post-translationally modified .
Therefore , at present , the improved peptide mapping method as we report here is considered to be very useful in rice proteome analysis , especially for blocked proteins . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Efficient peptide mapping and its application to identify embryo proteins in rice proteome analysis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Enantioselective effects of optically active alpha-methylbenzyl-s-triazine on the root growth of rice and Echinochloa plants and their herbicidal activity .
| | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12400699 Accession (PMID): 12400699 | | Abstract: The chiral requirement on the alpha-methylbenzyl moiety of 2 , 4-diamino-6-chloro-s-triazine for sufficient inhibition of root growth was similar towards both rice and barnyard millet .
With the monoalkylamino series , the most suitable configuration was markedly changed by the substituent on the other amino moiety .
However , for the dialkylamino series , the ( S ) -enantiomer was an active inhibitor .
Clear species selectivity between rice and barnyard millet was observed in the series for the ( R ) -enantiomers , providing high herbicidal activity toward Echinochloa plants and safety toward rice .
The enantioselectivity against barnyard millet increased with increasing inhibitory activity of the active enantiomers , following Pfeiffers rule .
R-EtNH ( 3 ) controlled the growth of barnyardgrass with leaf-burning ( LB ) under paddy conditions , and S-EtNH ( 4 ) and S-Et2N ( 20 ) controlled the growth without LB .
The RS-EtNH derivative is an interesting inhibitor controlling the growth of barnyardgrass from the just-germinated stage ( by the ( R ) -enantiomer ) to early-middle growth stage ( by the ( S ) -enantiomer ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enantioselective effects of optically active alpha-methylbenzyl-s-triazine on the root growth of rice and Echinochloa plants and their herbicidal activity .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches : effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management .
| | Journal: Year: 2002 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12564243 Accession (PMID): 12564243 | | Abstract: During August 2001 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat cooked rice from take-aways and of chicken sandwiches made on the premises from sandwich bars was undertaken .
The intention was to identify risk factors in the production , storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches , and to establish their effect on microbiological quality .
Examination of cooked rice revealed that the majority of samples ( 87% ; 442 of 508 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality ; 50 ( 10% ) were unsatisfactory , and 16 ( 3% ) were of unacceptable quality due to Bacillus cereus and/or other Bacillus spp in excess of 10 ( 5 ) cfu/g .
The microbiological quality of cooked rice was associated with cuisine type ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , rice type ( p < 0 . 01 ) , cooking ( p < 0 . 01 ) , serving methods ( p < 0 . 00001 ) , and management food hygiene training ( p < 0 . 01 ) .
Examination of chicken sandwiches found that most ( 75% ; 335 of 449 ) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality and 114 ( 25% ) were unsatisfactory .
Acceptable microbiological quality of sandwiches was associated with sandwich bars that had hazard analysis in place ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
Smaller businesses , as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors Consumer at Risk scores , were more likely to have samples classified as unsatisfactory or unacceptable compared to larger businesses ( p < 0 . 001 ) .
The majority ( 90% ) of premises had hand-washing facilities accessible and available for use , although only over half ( 55% ) were correctly used as judged by the sampling officer .
Where the manager of the premises had received some form of food hygiene training , food safety procedures such as the hazard analysis system were more likely to be in place ( p < 0 . 0001 ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches : effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management .
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| Title: [ Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy ] | | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Year: 2003 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14551949 Accession (PMID): 14551949 | | Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH4 and N2O emissions .
Five treatments of fertilizer including urea and NH4HCO3 used as chemical fertilizer ( CF ) , chemical fertilizer + pig manure ( CF + PM ) , chemical fertilizer + cow manure ( CF + CM ) , chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake ( CF + RC ) and chemical fertilizer + wheat straw ( CF + WS ) were dedicated to this experiment .
Results from the field observations indicated that application of the organic manure did not change the seasonal pattern of CH4 and N2O emissions but significantly affected the seasonal amounts .
Seasonal amount of CH4 emission from the treatments of CF + CM , CF + RC and CF + WS was respectively 45% , 252% and 250% higher than that from the treatment of CF , but the application of pig manure ( CF + PM ) did not significantly influence the CH4 emission .
The N2O emissions , on the other hand , were reduced by 18% , 21% and 18% for the treatments of CF + PM , CF + CM and CF + WS , respectively .
Incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the N2O emission , yielding an increment of 22% .
On a time scale of 20-year period , the integrated global warming potential ( GWP ) of CH4 + N2O released during the rice growing season for the treatments of CF + RC , CF + WS and CF + CM was respectively 154% , 136% and 17% higher than that for the CF treatment , while a reduction of 10% was obtained for the CF + PM treatment .
The calculation of the GWP per unit rice grain yield suggested that the application of pig manure took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddy ]
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| Title: [ Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) on soil microbial biomass under rice-wheat rotation ] | | Journal: Year: 2004 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15624820 Accession (PMID): 15624820 | | Abstract: The effect of CO2 enrichment on soil microbial biomass in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under rice-wheat rotation was studied under the conditions of routine cultivation , irrigation and fertilization .
The results showed that FACE treatment could significantly increase the amount of soil bacteria in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers during rice jointing stage and wheat wintering and ripening stages .
Elevated CO2 only significantly increased the amount of soil fungi in 0-5 cm soil layer during rice ripening stage .
During the whole period of rotation , the amount of soil bacteria was greater than that of soil fungi . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) on soil microbial biomass under rice-wheat rotation ]
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| Title: Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) of the rice leaffolder , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( Insecta : Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
| | Journal: Ecotoxicol . Environ . Saf . Year: 2006 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16033698 Accession (PMID): 16033698 | | Abstract: The effects of bacterial toxins ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and botanical insecticides ( Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo ) on lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( the rice leaffolder ) were evaluated .
Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity individually and in combination .
When they were combined , the effect was more severe at low concentration .
There was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested .
The combined effect of the three biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity , indicating strong enzyme inhibition .
Clear dose-response relationships were established with respect to enzyme activity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) of the rice leaffolder , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guene ) ( Insecta : Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
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| Title: Effect of Interactions Among Algae on Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae ( Cyanobacteria ) in Flooded Soils .
| | Journal: Year: 1979 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16345463 Accession (PMID): 16345463 | | Abstract: Nitrogen fixation ( C ( 2 ) H ( 2 ) reduction ) by algae in flooded soil was limited by interactions within the algal community .
Nitrogen fixation by either indigenous algae or Tolypothrix tenuis was reduced severalfold by a dense suspension of the green alga Nephrocytium sp .
Similarly , interactions between the nitrogen-fixing alga ( cyanobacterium ) Aulosira 68 and natural densities of indigenous algae limited nitrogen-fixing activity in one of two soils examined .
This was demonstrated by developing a variant of Aulosira 68 that was resistant to the herbicide simetryne at concentrations that prevented development of indigenous algae .
More nitrogen was fixed by the resistant variant in flooded soil containing herbicide than was fixed in herbicide-free soil by either the indigenous algae or indigenous algae plus the parent strain of Aulosira .
Interference from indigenous algae may hamper the development of nitrogen-fixing algae introduced into rice fields in attempts to increase biological nitrogen fixation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of Interactions Among Algae on Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae ( Cyanobacteria ) in Flooded Soils .
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| Title: Testing for gene x environment interaction effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated antisocial behavior .
| | Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17579368 Accession (PMID): 17579368 | | Abstract: Gene x environment ( G x E ) interactions are increasingly thought to have substantial influence on the aetiology and clinical manifestations of complex disorders .
In ADHD , although main effects of specific genetic variants and pre or peri-natal variables have been reported and replicated using pooled analyses , few studies have looked at possible interactions .
In a clinical sample of 266 children with ADHD , we tested for interaction between gene variants ( in DRD4 , DAT1 , DRD5 , and 5HTT ) found to be associated with ADHD in pooled analyses and maternal smoking , alcohol use during pregnancy and birth weight .
First , G x E effects on a diagnosis of ADHD were tested using conditional logistic regression analyses .
Second , possible modifying effects of G x E on symptoms of associated conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) were investigated using linear regression analysis .
The sample size associated with each of the analyses differed as not each variant had been genotyped for each individual No effects of G x E on ADHD diagnosis were observed .
The results suggest that lower birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy may interact with DRD5 and DAT1 ( birth weight only ) in influencing associated antisocial behavior symptoms ( ODD and conduct disorder ) .
These preliminary findings showed no evidence of interaction between previously implicated variants in ADHD and specific environmental risk factors , on diagnosis of the disorder .
There may be evidence of G x E on associated antisocial behavior in ADHD , but further investigation is needed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Testing for gene x environment interaction effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated antisocial behavior .
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| Title: Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats .
| | Journal: Dig Dis Sci Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17957470 Accession (PMID): 17957470 | | Abstract: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood , colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation , and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis .
The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae ( FBRA ) , a fiber-rich food , on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) were examined .
Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue .
In another experiment , 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index ( percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon ) and colitis score , which were determined by macroscopic observation .
It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa .
Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis , while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity .
These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats .
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| Title: Stochastic effects and bistability in T cell receptor signaling .
| | Journal: J Theor Biol Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18556025 Accession (PMID): 18556025 | | Abstract: The stochastic dynamics of T cell receptor ( TCR ) signaling are studied using a mathematical model intended to capture kinetic proofreading ( sensitivity to ligand-receptor binding kinetics ) and negative and positive feedback regulation mediated , respectively , by the phosphatase SHP1 and the MAP kinase ERK .
The model incorporates protein-protein interactions involved in initiating TCR-mediated cellular responses and reproduces several experimental observations about the behavior of TCR signaling , including robust responses to as few as a handful of ligands ( agonist peptide-MHC complexes on an antigen-presenting cell ) , distinct responses to ligands that bind TCR with different lifetimes , and antagonism .
Analysis of the model indicates that TCR signaling dynamics are marked by significant stochastic fluctuations and bistability , which is caused by the competition between the positive and negative feedbacks .
Stochastic fluctuations are such that single-cell trajectories differ qualitatively from the trajectory predicted in the deterministic approximation of the dynamics .
Because of bistability , the average of single-cell trajectories differs markedly from the deterministic trajectory .
Bistability combined with stochastic fluctuations allows for switch-like responses to signals , which may aid T cells in making committed cell-fate decisions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Stochastic effects and bistability in T cell receptor signaling .
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| Title: Missing in action : the effect of obstacle position and size on avoidance while reaching .
| | Journal: Exp Brain Res Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18716765 Accession (PMID): 18716765 | | Abstract: When reaching to objects , our hand and arm rarely collide with non-target objects , even if our workspace is cluttered .
The simplicity of these actions hides what must be a relatively sophisticated obstacle avoidance system .
Recent studies on patients with optic ataxia and visual form agnosia have demonstrated that obstacle avoidance is an automatic process , likely governed by the dorsal stream ( Schindler et al 2004 ; Rice et al 2006 ) .
The current study sought to quantify how normal participants react to changes in the size and position of non-target objects in and around their workspace .
In the first experiment , 13 right-handed subjects performed reaches to a target strip in the presence of two non-target objects , which varied in depth and horizontal configuration .
We found that objects with horizontal alignments that were asymmetric about midline created systematic deviations in reach trajectory away from midline , with participants seeming to maximize the distance away from the two objects .
These deviations were significantly greater for objects nearer in depth and nearly disappeared when the objects were placed beyond the target strip .
Accompanying this pattern of deviation were other significant obstructing effects whereby reaches were executed more slowly when objects were close in depth and close to the participants reaching ( right ) hand .
In the second experiment , we varied the height of the two objects , as well as the depth .
Object pairs were now both tall , both short , or one-short/one-tall .
We replicated the significant depth effects of the first experiment , extending the finding to include sensitivity to the size of the objects .
Here the obstructing effect caused by short objects was similar to tall objects when those objects were placed at the depth of the reach target , but less than the tall objects when placed at mid-reach .
Taken together , these experiments suggest that humans possess a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system that is extremely sensitive and conservative in evaluating potential obstacles and adjusting the reach accordingly .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Missing in action : the effect of obstacle position and size on avoidance while reaching .
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| Title: [ The effect of parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats ] | | Journal: Arch Latinoam Nutr Year: 2008 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18833992 Accession (PMID): 18833992 | | Abstract: Starch is an important energy source and can represent more than 60% of the calories of the human diet .
The starch fraction resistant to enzymatic digestion is called resistant starch .
When rice is parboiled , the starch retrogrades with the formation of type 3-resistant starch ( retrograded ) , which presents beneficial effects on the health , since it acts as a prebiotic .
In the present study three types of rice were selected , with high , medium and low amylose contents , with the objective of evaluating the effects of conventional and parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats .
The samples with high and medium amylose contents were soaked for 6 h at 65 degrees C , and the low amylose sample for 7 h at 70 degrees C The samples were subsequently autoclaved for 10 minutes at 0 . 7kgf x cm ( -2 ) .
Six male Wistar rats were used for each treatment .
Seven experimental diets were elaborated , formulated according to AIN-93M , the control diet and diets substituting the carbohydrate source with conventional or parboiled rice .
Resistant starch was determined in the diets and glycemia monitored using glucose paper strips , the sample being blood obtained from the distal part of the rats tail .
For the glycemic curve , glycemia was measured in the fasting state and during 90 minutes post-prandial The results indicated there were no significant differences between the diets formulated with high , medium and low amylose , parboiled or conventionally prepared , with respect to fasting or post-prandial glycemia in Wistar rats .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ The effect of parboiled rice on glycemia in Wistar rats ]
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| Title: Effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil .
| | Journal: Chemosphere Year: 2009 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19027141 Accession (PMID): 19027141 | | Abstract: A laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron ( Fe ( III ) ) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide ( N ( 2 ) O ) and methane ( CH ( 4 ) ) emissions in a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) soil .
The anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial Fe ( III ) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment ( 40 mol Fe g ( -1 ) ) transitionally stimulated N ( 2 ) O production and lowered CH ( 4 ) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation .
Increased regeneration of Fe ( III ) through a 4-day aeration period in the Fe-amended slurry compared to the control slurry reduced CH ( 4 ) emission by 30% in the subsequent 15-day anaerobic incubation .
The pot experiment showed that ferrihydrite amendment ( 63 micromol Fe g ( -1 ) ) stimulated N ( 2 ) O fluxes in the days following flooding .
The Fe amendment suppression on CH ( 4 ) emission was obscured in the early season but became significant upon reflooding in the mid and late-seasons .
As a result , seasonal CH ( 4 ) emission in Fe-amended pots was 26% lower than the control with a single 2-day drainage and 69% lower with a double 2-day drainage .
The reduction in CH ( 4 ) emission upon reflooding from the Fe-amended pots was mainly attributed to the increased Fe ( III ) regeneration during drainage showing a mechanism of Fe ( III ) regeneration in mitigating CH ( 4 ) emission by short-term drainage in flooded soils .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil .
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| Title: Why Rice yellow mottle virus , a rapidly evolving RNA plant virus , is not efficient at breaking rymv1-2 resistance .
| | Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Year: 2010 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20078783 Accession (PMID): 20078783 | | Abstract: Rice yellow mottle virus ( RYMV ) reaches a high virus content in rice , is genetically highly variable and evolves rapidly .
Nevertheless , only a small proportion of isolates overcome rymv1-2 rice resistance by mutations in the VPg ( viral protein genome-linked ) .
The accumulation rates of wild-type ( WT ) and resistance-breaking ( RB ) genotypes of the E and T-pathotypes of RYMV , with average and low virulence , respectively , were assessed .
By quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction , it was shown that : ( i ) in resistant plants , both WT genotypes reached a level of 10 ( 5 ) -10 ( 7 ) viral copies per milligram of fresh leaf ; ( ii ) the accumulation of RB genotypes was variable , but was always much higher than the WT , with an RB/WT accumulation ratio of up to 10 ( 6 ) ; ( iii ) in susceptible plants , the RB genotypes were counter-selected to a similar level .
In competition experiments , there was a straightforward exclusion of WT by RB genotypes in resistant hosts .
The mutation rate in VPg was more than 1 x 10 ( -3 ) mutations per site per year .
Overall , a steady supply of highly adaptive RB genotypes was expected in resistant plants .
However , the use of the few possible mutational pathways to virulence is tightly regulated by pathotype-specific genetic constraints : codon usage , mutational bias and sign epistasis .
In addition , genetic drift may restrict the fixation of RB mutants .
Altogether , both genetic and demographic constraints contribute to the low ability of RYMV to break rymv1-2 resistance .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Why Rice yellow mottle virus , a rapidly evolving RNA plant virus , is not efficient at breaking rymv1-2 resistance .
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| Title: A rice phenolic efflux transporter is essential for solubilizing precipitated apoplasmic iron in the plant stele .
| | Journal: J Biol Chem Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21602276 Accession (PMID): 21602276 | | Abstract: Iron deficiency is one of the major agricultural problems , as 30% of the arable land of the world is too alkaline for optimal crop production , rendering plants short of available iron despite its abundance .
To take up apoplasmic precipitated iron , plants secrete phenolics such as protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) and caffeic acid .
The molecular pathways and genes of iron uptake strategies are already characterized , whereas the molecular mechanisms of phenolics synthesis and secretion have not been clarified , and no phenolics efflux transporters have been identified in plants yet .
Here we describe the identification of a phenolics efflux transporter in rice .
We identified a cadmium-accumulating rice mutant in which the amount of PCA and caffeic acid in the xylem sap was dramatically reduced and hence named it phenolics efflux zero 1 ( pez1 ) .
PEZ1 localized to the plasma membrane and transported PCA when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes .
PEZ1 localized mainly in the stele of roots .
In the roots of pez1 , precipitated apoplasmic iron increased .
The growth of PEZ1 overexpression lines was severely restricted , and these lines accumulated more iron as a result of the high solubilization of precipitated apoplasmic iron in the stele .
We show that PEZ1 is responsible for an increase of PCA concentration in the xylem sap and is essential for the utilization of apoplasmic precipitated iron in the stele .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rice phenolic efflux transporter is essential for solubilizing precipitated apoplasmic iron in the plant stele .
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| Title: Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables , fruits , and cereals using modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry .
| | Journal: Anal Chim Acta Year: 2011 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21819870 Accession (PMID): 21819870 | | Abstract: A rapid and effective method for enantioselective determination of simeconazole enantiomers in food products ( cucumber , tomato , apple , pear , wheat and rice ) has been developed .
The enantiomers were resolved by capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) using a commercial chiral column ( BGB-172 ) and a temperature program from 150 degrees C ( held for 1 min ) and then raised at 10 degrees C min ( -1 ) to 240 degrees C ( held for 10 min ) .
This enantioselective gas chromatographic separation was combined with a clean-up/enrichment procedure based on the modification of QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) method .
Co-extractives were removed with graphitized carbon black/primary secondary amine ( GCB/PSA ) solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) cartridges using acetonitrile : toluene ( 3 : 1 , v/v ) as eluent .
Gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry ( GC-ITMS ) with electron ionization ( EI ) was then used for qualitative and quantitative determination of the simeconazole enantiomers .
Two precursor-to-product ion transitions ( m/z 121-101 and 195-153 ) with the best signal intensity were chosen to build the multiple-reaction monitoring ( MRM ) acquisition method .
The limits of detection for each enantiomer of simeconazole in six food products ranged between 0 . 4 and 0 . 9 mug kg ( -1 ) , which were much lower than maximum residue levels ( MRLs ) established by Japan .
The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of simeconazole enantiomers in real samples , indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of simeconazole in food matrix .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables , fruits , and cereals using modified QuEChERS ( quick , easy , cheap , effective , rugged and safe ) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry .
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| Title: Studies on the Rice Leaf INCLINATION1 ( LC1 ) , an IAA-amido Synthetase , Reveal the Effects of Auxin in Leaf Inclination Control .
| | Journal: Mol Plant Year: 2012 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22888153 Accession (PMID): 22888153 | | Abstract: The angle of rice leaf inclination is an important agronomic trait and closely related to the yields and architecture of crops .
Although few mutants with altered leaf angles have been reported , the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated , especially whether hormones are involved in this process .
Through genetic screening , a rice gain-of-function mutant leaf inclination1 , lc1-D , was identified from the Shanghai T-DNA Insertion Population ( SHIP ) .
Phenotypic analysis confirmed the exaggerated leaf angles of lc1-D due to the stimulated cell elongation at the lamina joint .
LC1 is transcribed in various it issues and encodes OsGH3-1 , an indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) amido synthetase , whose homolog of Arabidopsis functions in maintaining the auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess IAA to various amino acids .
Indeed , recombinant LC1 can catalyze the conjugation of IAA to Ala , Asp , and Asn in vitro , which is consistent with the decreased free IAA amount in lc1-D mutant . lc1-D is insensitive to IAA and hypersensitive to exogenous BR , in agreement with the microarray analysis that reveals the altered transcriptions of genes involved in auxin signaling and BR biosynthesis .
These results indicate the crucial roles of auxin homeostasis in the leaf inclination control .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Studies on the Rice Leaf INCLINATION1 ( LC1 ) , an IAA-amido Synthetase , Reveal the Effects of Auxin in Leaf Inclination Control .
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| Title: Carbohydrate malabsorption in alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency .
The effect of pancreatic enzyme therapy on intestinal transit time .
| | Journal: J Clin . Gastroenterol . Year: 1988 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub2460519 Accession (PMID): 2460519 | | Abstract: The absorption of rice flour and the mouth-to-cecum transit time of a nonabsorbable carbohydrate were measured by breath hydrogen excretion technique in 10 patients with alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency , to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of carbohydrate malabsorption .
Breath hydrogen excretion after ingestion of rice pancakes was significantly higher in patients than in 10 controls , suggesting malabsorption of carbohydrates .
Mouth-to-cecum transit time was not significantly different between the two groups .
Pancreatic enzyme therapy significantly reduced both fecal fat excretion and the degree of carbohydrate malabsorption , but , in contrast , did not significantly change mouth-to-cecum transit .
There was no correlation between the degree of carbohydrate or fat malabsorption and mouth-to-cecum transit time .
Carbohydrate malabsorption is common in pancreatic insufficiency and is markedly improved by enzyme supplementation .
Mouth-to-cecum transit , however , does not play a major role in carbohydrate or fat malabsorption in these patients .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of pancreatic enzyme therapy on intestinal transit time .
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| Title: [ Carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish on the forestomach epithelium of mice and esophageal epithelium of rats ] | | Journal: Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi Year: 1986 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub3568985 Accession (PMID): 3568985 | | Abstract: The carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish from Nanau county , Guangdong province , a high incidence area of esophageal cancer , were studied in mice and rats .
The homemade fish juice as well as fish juice in market , whether or not added with NaNO2 , did not cause tumor in the forestomach of mice and the esophagus of rats .
When the mice were intubated with an initiator , nitrososarcosinethylester ( NSEE ) twice , no carcinoma was found at the end of the experiment ( D 120 ) .
Only papilloma appeared in the forestomach epithelium .
The incidence was only 37 . 5% .
However , when the mice were intubated with NSEE for 2 times followed by gastric doses of homemade fish juice , the tumor incidence in the forestomach was increased to 89 . 7% , in which 20 . 5% was carcinoma .
The tumor and carcinoma incidences of initiator ( NSEE and NMBzA ) group and initiator + market fish juice group in mice and rats were without significant difference .
The experimental results show that the homemade fish juice proved distinct promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice , while the market fish juice has no significant promoting effect on the forestomach epithelium of mice and the esophageal epithelium of rats .
NSEE induced 31 . 6% carcinoma in the forestomach epithelium of mice on standard diet .
While in mice fed with preserved rice and salted dry fish , the carcinoma incidence was increased to 63 . 6% .
It appears that preserved rice and salted dry fish have promoting effect on the process of cocarcinogenesis initiated by NSEE in the forestomach of mice . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Carcinogenic and promoting effects of fish juice , preserved rice and salted dry fish on the forestomach epithelium of mice and esophageal epithelium of rats ]
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| Title: The effect of gibberellin on the growth , indoleacetic acid content and on the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase in rice seedlings .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub5903664 Accession (PMID): 5903664 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effect of gibberellin on the growth , indoleacetic acid content and on the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase in rice seedlings .
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| Title: Effect of dietary cereals on intestinal permeability in experimental enteropathy in rats .
| | Journal: Gut Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6411526 Accession (PMID): 6411526 | | Abstract: A sensitivity to dietary cereal has been reported previously in niacin-deficient rats by measuring a change in the intestinal absorption of radioactively-labelled cellobiotol and mannitol .
The possibility that other stimuli could produce this sensitivity , the range of cereals that could induce the permeability change and the nature of the toxic component in cereal have now all been investigated .
Treatment with triparanol induces sensitivity in rats to wheat , rye , barley , oats , and maize but not to rice or soybean .
These cereals caused a similar response in niacin-deficient rats .
Mucosal damage produced by methotrexate or cetrimide , however , did not sensitise the intestinal mucosa to dietary cereals .
Gluten , zein , and pepsin/trypsin digests of gluten all induced the permeability defect in triparanol-treated rats .
It is concluded that although gross disruption of the mucosal structure may not sensitise rats to cereals , various causes of mucosal cell damage can produce a susceptibility to gluten toxicity that resembles gluten-sensitivity in man .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of dietary cereals on intestinal permeability in experimental enteropathy in rats .
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| Title: [ Effect of various external factors on encystment and excystment of Balantidium coli ( M ) ] | | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6537104 Accession (PMID): 6537104 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Effect of various external factors on encystment and excystment of Balantidium coli ( M ) ]
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| Title: The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31 .
| | Journal: J Appl . Bacteriol . Year: 1983 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6619020 Accession (PMID): 6619020 | | Abstract: The upper limiting temperature of growth of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in heart infusion broth ( HI ) was about 44 degrees C but addition of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) and soy sauce permitted the organism to grow above this temperature .
This effect is similar to that of NaCl .
Tomato ketchup , Worcestershire and HP sauces added to HI did not allow growth at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C but death was delayed .
Staphylococcus aureus died in unsupplemented chicken meat slurry at 46 degrees C but grew at 48 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and survived incubation for 18 h at 50 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5 . 8% NaCl and 5% MSG .
Cultures grown at 37 degrees C had a D60 value of 2 min in 50 mmol/l Tris ( pH 7 . 2 ) buffer .
Cultures grown at 46 degrees C in HI containing 5 . 8% NaCl had a D60 value of 8 min in Tris buffer .
Addition of 5 . 8% NaCl plus 5% MSG to the buffer increased the D60 by a factor of about 7 for both cultures .
In storage experiments at room temperature , the culture grown at 37 degrees C and at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl died at about the same rate in salami .
In milk powder , however , the count of 37 degrees C culture decreased from 10% g to 10 ( 6 ) /g in 5 weeks while the count of 46 degrees C culture remained unchanged .
In cottage cheese , freeze-dried rice and macaroni , the 37 degrees C cultures also died more rapidly .
It is suggested that cultures grown at 46 degrees C plus 5 . 8% NaCl may be suitable for experiments with artificially contaminated foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31 .
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| Title: Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability .
| | Journal: Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6678753 Accession (PMID): 6678753 | | Abstract: The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers .
Chloroquine ( 600 mg base ) was administered orally in two circumstances : on empty stomach and along with a rice-based breakfast Timed blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma concentrations of the drug .
The results suggest that the area under the concentration curve ( AUC0-12 ) and peak plasma levels are significantly higher when chloroquine is administered along with food , though the rate of absorption is not different .
It appears , therefore , that a rice-based meal facilitates chloroquine absorption , thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Struvite diet in cats : effect of ammonium chloride and carbonates on acid base balance of cats .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Year: 1994 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub7996261 Accession (PMID): 7996261 | | Abstract: Six healthy adult cats were fed a basal minced beef meat and rice diet ( one meal per day ) with varying amounts or combinations of acidifying and alkalizing additives ( ammonium chloride , calcium and sodium carbonate ) .
The base excess in the food ( mmol/kg dry matter ) was calculated ( data on food compounds in g/kg dry matter ) as follows : base excess = 49 . 9*Ca + 82 . 3*Mg + 43 . 5*Na + 25 . 6*K-64 . 6*P-13 . 4*met-16 . 6*cys-28 . 2*Cl .
Base excess in the experimental diets amounted to between +305 and -1079 mmol/kg dry matter .
After an adaptation period of 5 d , urine and blood pH as well as water and mineral balance were determined in the cats over a 10-15-d period .
The daily mean urine pH ranged between 6 . 1 and 7 . 8 .
There was a highly significant correlation between the base excess in the food and the mean urine pH .
The regression line was linear down to a base excess in the diet of approximately -400 to -500 mmol/kg dry matter and a pH in the urine of 6 . 2 .
The postprandial increase of urine pH was suppressed either by large amounts of ammonium chloride ( > 780 mmol/kg dry matter ) alone or in combination with calcium carbonate but not in combination with sodium carbonate .
The relationship between the decrease of the blood pH and the amount of ammonium chloride added to the diet was more marked than the relationship between blood pH and base excess in the food . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Struvite diet in cats : effect of ammonium chloride and carbonates on acid base balance of cats .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Evidence of a dominant role for low osmolality in the efficacy of cereal based oral rehydration solutions : studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea .
| | Journal: Gut Year: 1993 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8344579 Accession (PMID): 8344579 | | Abstract: Clinical trials suggest that including naturally occurring complex carbohydrate in oral rehydration solutions ( ORS ) in place of glucose increases water absorption and reduces stool volume during acute diarrhoea .
The mechanisms for this greater clinical efficacy has not been established .
This study examined the ability of two hypotonic rice based ORS , RS-ORS ( 137 mOsm/kg ) and RP-ORS ( 143 mOsm/kg ) , and HYPO-ORS ( 240 mOsm/kg ) a glucose equivalent ORS , to effect water absorption by in vivo perfusion of normal and secreting rat small intestine .
The results were compared with those for two widely used conventional hypertonic ORS , WHO-ORS ( 331 mOsm/kg ) and UK-ORS ( 310 mOsm/kg ) .
In the normal intestine , water absorption was similar from WHO-ORS ( 87 . 4 ( 45 . 1-124 . 6 ) microliters/min/g ; median and interquartile range ) and UK-ORS ( 57 . 6 ( 41 . 5-87 ) ) but less than from the hypotonic solutions ( p < 0 . 02 ) ; water absorption from RS-ORS ( 181 . 8 ( 168 . 5-193 . 8 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 195 . 7 ( 179 . 3-207 . 9 ) ) was similar but less than from HYPO-ORS ( 241 . 3 ( 230 . 6-279 . 7 ) ; p < 0 . 005 ) .
In the secreting intestine , all ORS reversed net secretion of fluid to net absorption ; the hypotonic solutions , HYPO-ORS ( 105 . 2 ( 95 . 2-111 ) ) , RS-ORS ( 127 . 7 ( 118 . 3-169 . 4 ) ) and RP-ORS ( 133 . 7 ( 122 . 1-174 . 5 ) ) , produced more water absorption ( p < 0 . 005 ) than the hypertonic solutions WHO-ORS ( 47 . 1 ( 29-75 . 9 ) ) and UK-ORS ( 24 . 9 ( 18 . 4-29 . 4 ) ) .
The rice based ions promoted most water absorption in secreting intestine ( p < 0 . 007 ) .
These data indicate that low osmolality is of primary importance in mediating the increased water absorption from cereal based ORS . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evidence of a dominant role for low osmolality in the efficacy of cereal based oral rehydration solutions : studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of protectants in L-drying on the conformation and infectivity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus .
| | Journal: Arch . Virol . Year: | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8856035 Accession (PMID): 8856035 | | Abstract: Purified rice dwarf phytoreovirus preparations , after rehydration following drying without freezing ( L-drying ) and sucrose density gradient centrifugation , sedimented to the same position as untreated controls .
Upon storage at 65 degrees C , virion conformation in L-dried preparations supplemented with 1% sucrose was maintained better than without additives .
Moreover , during storage for 6 years at -70 degrees C , infectivity of L-dried preparations from crude extracts of infected rice plants containing 5% sucrose was higher than controls based on the number of count of infected foci on cell monolayers and transmission to rice seedlings by leafhopper of the vector Nephotettix cincticeps , which had been injected with such extracts . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effect of protectants in L-drying on the conformation and infectivity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of rice culture practices on the abundance of Culex mosquitoes ( Diptera : Culicidae ) in northern Thailand .
| | Journal: J Med . Entomol . Year: 1997 | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9151489 Accession (PMID): 9151489 | | Abstract: In 1991-1993 , the density ( numbers per 10 dips ) and abundance ( density x flooded area ) of mosquitoes were studied in 3 areas of northern Thailand with different environmental conditions .
Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles , Cx . vishnui Theobald , and Cx . gelidus Theobald were predominant among the 8 Culex species collected .
Abundance of these 3 species varied significantly among the 3 areas .
Type of habitat classified according to agricultural practices in rainy and dry season significantly influenced larval abundance of Cx . tritaeniorhynchus and Cx . vishnui .
Seasonal variation in larval abundance was significant only in Cx . vishnui .
The response of the 3 vector mosquitoes to environmental heterogeneity is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Effects of rice culture practices on the abundance of Culex mosquitoes ( Diptera : Culicidae ) in northern Thailand .
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