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| Title: [ Marking-release-recapture methods for determining the size of the natural population of Anopheles albitarsis l . s ( Diptera : Culicidae ) ] | | Author: Santos RL Forattini OP .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 3 ) P : 309-13 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10457005 Accession (PMID): 10457005 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : In order to evaluate the size of the Anopheles albitarsis s . l . population in the Ribeira Valley region of the south-eastern S Paulo State , Brazil , marking-release-recapture experiments were carried out on the Experimental Farm in Pariquera-Au county where an artificial irrigation system for the cultivation of rice has been installed .
The experiments aimed at determining the vectorial capacity of this species .
METHODS : During the summer ( January , February and March ) , three marking-release-recapture experiments with field and laboratory reared populations were conducted to evaluate the population size .
Simultaneous human bait collections were also carried out to estimate the human biting rate .
RESULTS : The population sizes of the three experiments were estimated to be 64 , 560 , 50 , 503 and 22 , 684 mosquitoes .
The bite/man/night rate varied from 41 . 5 to 524 , 5 .
DISCUSSION : The results indicated high mosquito density in the summer which allow one to infer that , even though the survival rate is low , the number of remaining females is large enough to outlive the parasites extrinsic developmental period .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : In order to evaluate the size of the Anopheles albitarsis s . l . population in the Ribeira Valley region of the south-eastern S Paulo State , Brazil , marking-release-recapture experiments were carried out on the Experimental Farm in Pariquera-Au county where an artificial irrigation system for the cultivation of rice has been installed .
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| Title: [ Mite contamination in polished rice and beans sold at markets ] | | Author: Franzolin MR Baggio D | | Journal: Citation: V : 34 ( 1 ) P : 77-83 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10769365 Accession (PMID): 10769365 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate mite contamination rate in grains commercialized in nine municipal markets of the city of So Paulo , in the period from November 1989 to November 1990 .
METHODS : 23 samples of polished rice and 53 samples of beans were microscopically examined after sieving , once a week and during 42 days at air temperature .
Other sample fractions were kept in an incubator at 25 degrees C and 75% Relative Humidity ( RH ) during 28 days .
RESULTS : Samples were negative for mites in the first day of analysis and were detected after incubation .
Samples incubated revealed a higher percentage of positive examinations for mites ( incidence ) : 31 . 7% ( and 1 , 845 mites ) ; while samples kept at air temperature showed only 6 . 9% ( and 45 mites ) .
Samples of polished rice were more contaminated in comparison to the ones of beans .
There was a larger amount of mites when the mean monthly temperature of the laboratory was between 21 . 5 degrees C to 22 . 5 degrees C ( 37 .
8% ) and humidity between 73 . 5% to 74 . 5% ( 31 . 1% ) .
CONCLUSIONS : The predominant species was Tyrophagus putrescentiae and other identified species were Blomia tropicalis , Cheyletus spp . , Blattisocius tarsalis , and others .
Mite population had a higher proliferation rate during spring , summer and in the beginning of autumn , due to highest temperature and humidity .
These results confirm the importance of improving grains storage , to avoid mites proliferation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To evaluate mite contamination rate in grains commercialized in nine municipal markets of the city of So Paulo , in the period from November 1989 to November 1990 .
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| Title: Design strategy for assessing multi-pathway exposure for children : the Minnesota Childrens Pesticide Exposure Study ( MNCPES ) .
| | Author: Quackenboss JJ Pellizzari ED Shubat P Whitmore RW Adgate JL Thomas KW Freeman NC Stroebel C Lioy PJ Clayton AC Sexton K | | Journal: Citation: V : 10 ( 2 ) P : 145-58 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10791596 Accession (PMID): 10791596 | | Abstract: Although children are exposed to a variety of environmental hazards , including pesticides , there is a scarcity of information available to estimate exposures realistically .
This article reports on one of the first attempts to measure multi-pathway pesticide exposures in a population-based sample of urban and non-urban children .
A design strategy was developed to assess multi-pathway pesticide exposures in children using personal exposure measurements in combination with complimentary measurements of biological markers of exposure , concentrations in relevant environmental media , and time spent in important microenvironments and participating in exposure-related activities .
Sample collection and analysis emphasized measurement of three insecticides ( ie , chlorpyrifos , diazinon , and malathion ) and one herbicide ( ie , atrazine ) .
These compounds were selected because of their frequent use , presence in multiple environmental media , expected population exposures , and related hazard/toxicity .
The study was conducted during the summer of 1997 in Minnesota and involved a stratified sample of households with children ages 3-12 years .
Participants resided in either ( a ) the cities of Minneapolis and St Paul ( urban households ) , or ( b ) Rice and Goodhue Counties just south of the metropolitan area ( non-urban households ) .
Results from a residential inventory documenting storage and use of products containing the target pesticides were used to preferentially select households where children were likely to have higher exposures .
The study successfully obtained pesticide exposure data for 102 children , including measurements of personal exposures ( air , hand rinse , duplicate diet ) , environmental concentrations ( residential indoor/outdoor air , drinking water , residential surfaces , soil ) , activity patterns ( obtained by questionnaire , diary , videotaping ) , and internal dose ( metabolites in urine ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Participants resided in either ( a ) the cities of Minneapolis and St Paul ( urban households ) , or ( b ) Rice and Goodhue Counties just south of the metropolitan area ( non-urban households ) .
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| Title: Preferential occurrence of diazotrophic endophytes , Azoarcus spp . , in wild rice species and land races of Oryza sativa in comparison with modern races .
| | Author: Engelhard M Hurek T Reinhold-Hurek B | | Journal: Environ . Microbiol . Citation: V : 2 ( 2 ) P : 131-41 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11220300 Accession (PMID): 11220300 | | Abstract: Several diazotrophic species of Azoarcus spp . occur as endophytes in the pioneer plant Kallar grass .
The purpose of this study was to screen Asian wild rice and cultivated Oryza sativa varieties for natural association with these endophytes .
Populations of culturable diazotrophs in surface-sterilized roots were characterized by 16S rDNA sequence analysis , and Azoarcus species were identified by genomic fingerprints .
A indigens and Azoarcus sp . group C were detected only rarely , whereas Azoarcus sp . group D occurred frequently in samples of flooded plants : in 75% of wild rice , 80% of land races of O sativa from Nepal and 33% of modern cultivars from Nepal and Italy .
The putatively endophytic populations of diazotrophs differed with the rice genotype .
The diversity of cultured diazotrophs was significantly lower in wild rice species than in modern cultivars .
In Oryza officinalis ( from Nepal ) and O minuta ( from the Philippines ) , Azoarcus sp . group D were the predominant diazotrophic putative endophytes in roots .
In contrast , their number was significantly lower in modern cultivars of O sativa , whereas numbers and diversity of other diazotrophs , such as Azospirillum spp . , Klebsiella sp . , Sphingomonas paucimobilis , Burkholderia sp . and Azorhizobium caulinodans , were increased .
In land races of O sativa , the diazotrophic diversity was equally high ; however , Azoarcus sp . was found in high apparent numbers .
Similar differences in populations were also observed in a culture-independent approach comparing a wild rice ( O officinalis ) and a modern-type O sativa plant : in clone libraries of root-associated nitrogenase ( nifH ) gene fragments , the diazotrophic diversity was lower in the wild rice species .
New lineages of nifH genes were detected , eg one deeply branching cluster within the anf ( iron ) nitrogenases .
Our studies demonstrate that the natural host range of Azoarcus spp . extends to rice , wild rice species and old varieties being preferred over modern cultivars . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast , their number was significantly lower in modern cultivars of O sativa , whereas numbers and diversity of other diazotrophs , such as Azospirillum spp . , Klebsiella sp . , Sphingomonas paucimobilis , Burkholderia sp . and Azorhizobium caulinodans , were increased .
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| Title: Comparison of selenium status between Japanese living in Tokyo and Japanese brazilians in So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Karita K Hamada GS Tsugane S | | Journal: Citation: V : 10 ( 3 ) P : 197-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11708308 Accession (PMID): 11708308 | | Abstract: Selenium ( Se ) concentrations were determined in human serum , rice and wheat flour sampled in the city of So Paulo , Brazil , and compared with those sampled in Tokyo . Japan . Serum levels of Se were significantly lower in Japanese Brazilians than Japanese living in Tokyo .
The samples of rice consumed by Japanese Brazilians in So Paulo contained 22 . 7 ng Se/g on average , which was about half the selenium level in rice consumed in Tokyo .
Rice commonly consumed in So Paulo might be one of the factors to lower the serum level of Se . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Selenium ( Se ) concentrations were determined in human serum , rice and wheat flour sampled in the city of So Paulo , Brazil , and compared with those sampled in Tokyo . Japan . Serum levels of Se were significantly lower in Japanese Brazilians than Japanese living in Tokyo .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The samples of rice consumed by Japanese Brazilians in So Paulo contained 22 . 7 ng Se/g on average , which was about half the selenium level in rice consumed in Tokyo .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice commonly consumed in So Paulo might be one of the factors to lower the serum level of Se .
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| Title: Diet of eared doves ( Zenaida auriculata , Aves , Columbidae ) in a sugar-cane colony in South-eastern Brazil .
| | Author: Ranvaud R de Freitas KC Bucher EH Dias HS Avanzo VC Alberts CC .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 61 ( 4 ) P : 651-60 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12071322 Accession (PMID): 12071322 | | Abstract: Farmers in the Paranapanema Valley ( So Paulo , Brazil ) have reported problems with flocks of Eared Doves ( Zenaida auriculata ) eating sprouting soybeans .
In this region these birds breed colonially in sugar-cane , and eat four crop seeds , using 70% of the dry weight , in the following order of importance : maize , wheat , rice , and soybeans .
Three weeds ( Euphorbia heterophylla , Brachiaria plantaginea , and Commelina benghalensis ) were important .
This information suggests that the doves adapted particularly well to the landscape created by the agricultural practices in the region , exploiting many available foods .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Farmers in the Paranapanema Valley ( So Paulo , Brazil ) have reported problems with flocks of Eared Doves ( Zenaida auriculata ) eating sprouting soybeans .
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| Title: Relationship between lifestyle factors and defecation in a Japanese population .
| | Author: Nakaji S Tokunaga S Sakamoto J Todate M Shimoyama T Umeda T Sugawara K | | Journal: Citation: V : 41 ( 6 ) P : 244-8 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12474067 Accession (PMID): 12474067 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : There is a paucity of accurate data regarding any association in the general population between defecation and lifestyle factors such as diet , exercise , physique , and childbirth .
AIMS OF THE STUDY : To evaluate the effects of such lifestyle factors on defecation among regional residents of Japan .
METHODS : Residents ( n = 1 , 699 ) of northern Japan , aged over 40 years , were surveyed in 1995 using a questionnaire to assess their lifestyle factors ( diet , beverage consumption , exercise , physique , and childbirth ) , and examining their defecation status .
We evaluated the relationship between these lifestyle factors and defecation using logistic regression analysis .
The authors used four measures ( defecation frequency , subjective defecation state , subjective fecal properties , and fecal consistency ) and assigned the subjects to a group defined by their defecatory status : constipation , diarrhea , or normal , depending on the responses of the subjects to all four criteria .
RESULTS : The tendency for constipation correlated positively with age in males ( p = 0 . 130 ) , although this trend was not observed in females ( p = 0 . 641 ) .
Of the dietary factors examined , only rice , which accounts for the largest proportion of daily dietary fiber intake in Japan , demonstrated a preventive effect on constipation in both sexes ( p = 0 . 050 in males and 0 . 003 in females ) .
Walking was a preventive factor for constipation among males ( p = 0 . 049 ) , and alcohol also inhibited constipation among males ( p = 0 . 007 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that exercise , such as walking , and a high intake of dietary fiber , such as rice , were useful in the maintenance of defecation .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : There is a paucity of accurate data regarding any association in the general population between defecation and lifestyle factors such as diet , exercise , physique , and childbirth .
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| Title: Predicting childrens short-term exposure to pesticides : results of a questionnaire screening approach .
| | Author: Sexton K Adgate JL Eberly LE Clayton CA Whitmore RW Pellizzari ED Lioy PJ Quackenboss JJ .
| | Journal: Environ .
Health Perspect .
Citation: V : 111 ( 1 ) P : 123-8 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12515690 Accession (PMID): 12515690 | | Abstract: The ability of questionnaires to predict childrens exposure to pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Childrens Pesticide Exposure Study ( MNCPES ) .
The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of 102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban ( Minneapolis and St Paul , MN ) or nonurban ( Rice and Goodhue Counties in Minnesota ) households .
Samples were collected in a variety of relevant media ( air , food , beverages , tap water , house dust , soil , urine ) , and chemical analyses emphasized three organophosphate insecticides ( chlorpyrifos , diazinon , malathion ) and a herbicide ( atrazine ) .
Results indicate that the residential pesticide-use questions and overall screening approach used in the MNCPES were ineffective for identifying and oversampling children/households with higher levels of individual target pesticides .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of 102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban ( Minneapolis and St Paul , MN ) or nonurban ( Rice and Goodhue Counties in Minnesota ) households .
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| Title: Distributions , associations , and partial aggregate exposure of pesticides and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Minnesota Childrens Pesticide Exposure Study ( MNCPES ) .
| | Author: Andrew Clayton C Pellizzari ED Whitmore RW Quackenboss JJ Adgate J Sefton K | | Journal: Citation: V : 13 ( 2 ) P : 100-11 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12679790 Accession (PMID): 12679790 | | Abstract: The Minnesota Childrens Pesticide Exposure Study ( MNCPES ) provides exposure , environmental , and biologic data relating to multipathway exposures of children for four primary pesticides ( chlorpyrifos , malathion , diazinon , and atrazine ) , 14 secondary pesticides , and 13 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) .
Monitoring was performed on a probability-based sample of 102 children aged 3-12 in Minneapolis/St Paul and in a nearby rural area ( Goodhue and Rice counties ) .
This paper provides estimated distributions of this populations exposures and exposure-related measurements and examines associations among the various measures via rank ( Spearman ) correlations .
In addition , it provides some aggregate and cumulative exposure estimates for pesticides , and compares the relative intakes from inhalation and dietary ingestion .
Intakes for the four primary pesticides appeared to come principally from the ingestion rather than the inhalation route ; this was clearly true for chlorpyrifos but was less certain for the other three primary pesticides because of their higher degree of nondetects .
Solid food rather than beverages was clearly the main contributor to the ingestion intake .
Despite the dominance of the ingestion route , the urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos exhibited a stronger association with the air measurements than with the dietary measures .
Personal-air samples exhibited strong rank correlations with indoor air samples for chlorpyrifos , malathion , and diazinon ( 0 . 81 , 0 . 51 , and 0 . 62 , respectively ) , while personal-air atrazine levels correlated well with outdoor levels ( 0 . 69 ) ; personal-air diazinon levels also correlated well with outdoor levels ( 0 . 67 ) .
For the PAHs , many significant associations were evident among the various air samples and for the air samples with the dust samples , especially for those compounds with consistently high percent measurable values ( particularly fluoranthene , phenanthrene , and pyrene ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Monitoring was performed on a probability-based sample of 102 children aged 3-12 in Minneapolis/St Paul and in a nearby rural area ( Goodhue and Rice counties ) .
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| Title: Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and proteoglycan synthesis rates in young rats : a comparative study between the regional diet of So Paulo state and casein diets .
| | Author: Cardoso MA Tirapegui JO .
| | Journal: Braz .
J Med . Biol . Res . Citation: V : 25 ( 10 ) P : 1009-13 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1342821 Accession (PMID): 1342821 | | Abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) , also known as somatomedin-C , is an important mediator of growth regulation .
Serum concentrations of IGF-I and proteoglycan synthesis rates in the tibial epiphysis , an estimate of the biological response to IGF-I in a target it issue , were compared in weanling Wistar rats fed ad libitum ( group 1 ) and with 50% restriction ( group 2 ) with the regional diet of So Paulo State ( RDSPS--a mean diet consumed by low-income families with rice , beans , sugar , meat , milk , fruits and other vegetables ) and in pair-fed animals fed with casein diets ( groups 3 and 4 ) .
Data are reported as mean +/- SD for 8 rats in each group .
Proteoglycan synthesis rates ( cpm/mg ) were significantly higher in rats fed with the RDSPS-based diet ( groups 1 and 2 : 210 . 8 +/- 58 . 8 , 136 . 6 +/- 17 . 6 ) than in pair-fed animals fed with an 11% casein diet ( groups 3 and 4 : 62 . 9 +/- 11 . 6 , 37 . 7 +/- 13 . 7 ) and in control animals fed ad libitum with a 20% casein diet ( group 5 : 58 . 1 +/- 22 . 7 ) .
Furthermore , these rates were higher in animals fed ad libitum than in those fed with the same diets but with 50% restriction .
However , similar differences between groups 1 to 4 were not observed in serum concentrations ( ng/100 microliters ) of IGF-I ( group 1 : 44 . 1 +/- 7 . 1 ; group 2 : 40 . 8 +/- 3 . 8 ; group 3 : 46 . 0 +/- 3 . 6 ; group 4 : 41 . 6 +/- 3 . 4 , and group 5 : 63 . 2 +/- 7 . 8 ) .
These results suggest that serum IGF-I levels are not reliable indicators of IGF-I status in this experimental model .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Serum concentrations of IGF-I and proteoglycan synthesis rates in the tibial epiphysis , an estimate of the biological response to IGF-I in a target it issue , were compared in weanling Wistar rats fed ad libitum ( group 1 ) and with 50% restriction ( group 2 ) with the regional diet of So Paulo State ( RDSPS--a mean diet consumed by low-income families with rice , beans , sugar , meat , milk , fruits and other vegetables ) and in pair-fed animals fed with casein diets ( groups 3 and 4 ) .
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| Title: Lifestyle factors associated with atrophic gastritis among Helicobacter pylori-seropositive Japanese-Brazilians in So Paulo .
| | Author: Ito LS Oba-Shinjo SM Marie SK Uno M Shinjo SK Hamajima N Tajima K Tominaga S | | Journal: Int .
J Clin . Oncol . Citation: V : 8 ( 6 ) P : 362-8 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14663638 Accession (PMID): 14663638 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Studies of lifestyle factors related to gastric atrophy development in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals are limited .
The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between lifestyle factors and serum pepsinogens ( PGs ) among anti H pylori antibody-seropositive Japanese in Brazil , where gastric cancer mortality was reported to be as high as in Japanese in Japan , and seropositive individuals were still frequently detected .
METHODS : The subjects were 291 seropositive individuals ( 129 males and 162 females ; age , 30 to 69 years ) out of 656 Japanese-Brazilian volunteers in So Paulo city .
Information on lifestyle factors was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire .
Atrophic gastritis was defined as a PG1 serum level less than 70 ng/ml and PG1/PG2 ratio less than 3 .
RESULTS : The prevalence of atrophic gastritis was 31 . 9% ( 95% confidence intervals , 26 . 6%-37 . 6% ) .
The proportion of subjects with atrophic gastritis increased with age , but there were no significantly marked differences in the proportions of subjects with atrophic gastritis among the three generations studied ( first generation [ Issei ] , second generation [ Nisei ] , and third generation [ Sansei ] ) for any 10-year age group .
The associations with smoking and alcohol drinking were not significant .
Length of education was inversely associated with gastric atrophy , while infrequent rice intake was preventive ; the odds ratio relative to everyday rice intake was 0 . 13 ( 95% confidence intervals , 0 . 39-0 . 46 ) on multivariate analysis .
CONCLUSIONS : The present study demonstrated that frequent rice intake was a risk factor for atrophic gastritis among the H pylori-infected Japanese-Brazilians , suggesting that diet including rice plays a role in the step from H pylori infection to gastric atrophy . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : The subjects were 291 seropositive individuals ( 129 males and 162 females ; age , 30 to 69 years ) out of 656 Japanese-Brazilian volunteers in So Paulo city .
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| Title: Pathogen-specific risk factors and protective factors for acute diarrheal illness in children aged 12-59 months in So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Sobel J Gomes TA Ramos RT Hoekstra M Rodrigue D Rassi V Griffin PM .
| | Journal: Clin . Infect . Dis . Citation: V : 38 ( 11 ) P : 1545-51 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15156440 Accession (PMID): 15156440 | | Abstract: Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Latin America .
Most studies have focused on infants but not on older children .
We enrolled 505 children ( age , 12-59 months ) with diarrhea and age-matched controls in a case-control study in Sao Paulo , Brazil .
Independent risk factors for diarrhea included another household member with diarrhea ( matched odds ratio [ mOR ] , 8 . 1 ; attributable fraction [ AF ] , 0 . 17 ; P< . 001 ) and consumption of homemade juice ( mOR , 1 . 8 ; AF , 0 . 10 ; P= . 01 ) ; protective factors included boiling of the baby bottle or nipple ( mOR , 0 . 60 ; AF , 0 . 19 ; P= . 026 ) , childcare at home ( mOR , 0 . 58 ; AF , 0 . 12 ; P= . 004 ) , and piped sewage ( mOR , 0 . 58 ; AF , 0 . 05 ; P= . 047 ) .
Hand washing by the caretaker after helping the child defecate protected against Shigella infection ( mOR , 0 . 35 ; P< . 05 ) .
Preparation of rice , beans , or soup in the morning and serving it to children after noon were associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection ( mOR , 8 . 0 ; P< . 05 ) .
In these poor households , 28% of cases of diarrhea in 1-4-year-old children was attributable to easily modifiable exposures .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: We enrolled 505 children ( age , 12-59 months ) with diarrhea and age-matched controls in a case-control study in Sao Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: Gene duplication in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway preceded evolution of the grasses .
| | Author: Gallagher CE Matthews PD Li F Wurtzel ET .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 135 ( 3 ) P : 1776-83 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15247400 Accession (PMID): 15247400 | | Abstract: Despite ongoing research on carotenoid biosynthesis in model organisms , there is a paucity of information on pathway regulation operating in the grasses ( Poaceae ) , which include plants of world-wide agronomic importance .
As a result , efforts to either breed for or metabolically engineer improvements in carotenoid content or composition in cereal crops have led to unexpected results .
In comparison to maize ( Zea mays ) , rice ( Oryza sativa ) accumulates no endosperm carotenoids , despite having a functional pathway in chloroplasts .
To better understand why these two related grasses differ in endosperm carotenoid content , we began to characterize genes encoding phytoene synthase ( PSY ) , since this nuclear-encoded enzyme appeared to catalyze a rate-controlling step in the plastid-localized biosynthetic pathway .
The enzyme had been previously associated with the maize Y1 locus thought to be the only functional gene controlling PSY accumulation , though function of the Y1 gene product had never been demonstrated .
We show that both maize and rice possess and express products from duplicate PSY genes , PSY1 ( Y1 ) and PSY2 ; PSY1 transcript accumulation correlates with carotenoid-containing endosperm .
Using a heterologous bacterial system , we demonstrate enzyme function of PSY1 and PSY2 that are largely conserved in sequence except for N and C-terminal domains .
By database mining and use of ortholog-specific universal PCR primers , we found that the PSY duplication is prevalent in at least eight subfamilies of the Poaceae , suggesting that this duplication event preceded evolution of the Poaceae .
These findings will impact study of grass phylogeny and breeding of enhanced carotenoid content in an entire taxonomic group of plant crops critical for global food security . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Despite ongoing research on carotenoid biosynthesis in model organisms , there is a paucity of information on pathway regulation operating in the grasses ( Poaceae ) , which include plants of world-wide agronomic importance .
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| Title: Bi-phasic growth patterns in rice .
| | Author: Sheehy JE Mitchell PL Ferrer AB .
| | Journal: Ann . Bot . Citation: V : 94 ( 6 ) P : 811-7 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15466875 Accession (PMID): 15466875 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS : When examining the growth patterns of rice crops for a 5-year period , it was found that the time course of accumulation of above-ground dry matter did not follow a simple sigmoid curve as expected for a monocarpic plant .
Instead , there was a decrease in growth around flowering , followed by an increase and then a final decrease of growth at crop maturity .
There are two nearly equal phases of growth in rice , with about half of the first phase of vegetative growth preceding reproductive growth .
METHODS : Logistic curves were fitted separately to the vegetative parts of the crop and to the reproductive parts ( the panicle ) .
When the curves were summed , the combined curve gave a good description of the time course of above-ground dry matter , capturing the pause in growth and its resumption .
The overall pattern of growth can be seen to be the result of this bi-phasic nature of the crop .
KEY RESULTS : Variations in the panicle phase of growth were shown to be largely a consequence of year-to-year variations in the weather , whereas the vegetative phase seemed largely independent of those variations .
CONCLUSIONS : Analysing rice growth as two components , each with a logistic curve , provides insight into the growth processes of the plant and the pattern of yield formation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: When the curves were summed , the combined curve gave a good description of the time course of above-ground dry matter , capturing the pause in growth and its resumption .
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| Title: Genetic and genotype x environment interaction effects for the content of seven essential amino acids in indica rice .
| | Author: Wu JG Shi CH Zhang XM Katsura T | | Journal: J Genet .
Citation: V : 83 ( 2 ) P : 171-8 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15536256 Accession (PMID): 15536256 | | Abstract: It is necessary for rice breeders to understand the genetic basis of nutrient quality traits of rice .
Essential amino acids are most important in determining the nutrient quality of rice grain and can affect the health of people who depend on rice as a staple food .
In view of the paucity of genetic information available on essential amino acids in indica rice , we estimated the genetic main effects and genotype x environment ( G x E ) interaction effects on the content of essential amino acids .
Nine cytoplasmic male sterile lines as females and five restorer lines as males were introduced in a North Carolina II design across environments .
Estimates of the content of the essential amino acids valine , methionine , leucine and phenylalanine showed that they were mainly controlled by genetic main effects , while the contents of threonine , cysteine and isoleucine were mainly affected by G x E effects .
In the case of genetic main effects , both cytoplasmic and maternal genetic effects were predominant for all essential amino acids , indicating that selection for improving essential amino acid content based on maternal performance would be more effective than that based on seeds .
The total narrow-sense heritabilities were high and ranged from 0 . 72 to 0 . 83 .
Since general heritabilities for these essential amino acids ( except for cysteine ) were found to be much larger than G x E interaction heritability , the improvement of content of most essential amino acids under selection would be expected under various environments .
Rice varieties such as Zhenan 3 , Yinchao 1 , T49 , 26715 , 102 and 1391 should be selected as optimal parents for increasing the content of most essential amino acids , while the total genetic effects from Zhexie 2 , Xieqingzao , Gangchao 1 , V20 , Zuo 5 and Zhenshan 97 were mainly negative and these parents could decrease the contents of most essential amino acids . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In view of the paucity of genetic information available on essential amino acids in indica rice , we estimated the genetic main effects and genotype x environment ( G x E ) interaction effects on the content of essential amino acids .
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| Title: Soilborne filamentous fungi in Brazil .
| | Author: Tauk-Tornisielo SM Garlipp A Ruegger M Attili DS Malagutti E | | Journal: J Basic Microbiol .
Citation: V : 45 ( 1 ) P : 72-82 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15678565 Accession (PMID): 15678565 | | Abstract: The Atlantic Rainforest is a Brazilian ecosystem that is being rapidly being destroyed , along with the abiotic and biotic factors present in it .
Among the biotic factors , the fungi are found in the soil which , besides being of major importance in terms of ecological niches , also have broad and significant applications in biotechnology .
In order to assess the biodiversity of these microorganisms in this type of ecosystem , the Banhado Grande region was chosen at the Jureia-Itatins Ecology Station , in the state of Sao Paulo , Brazil .
Within this region , two areas were delimited for study , one covered with natural ( primary ) vegetation and the other containing vegetation that regenerated following the planting of rice crops , referred to here as secondary .
Collection of compound soil samples were taken ( depth 0-15 cm ) over a period of two and a half years , with the litter first being removed , during dry/cold and humid/hot periods .
After sifting the samples , they were appropriately processed using the serial dilution technique to isolate the fungi from the soil .
Six different culture media were used , having pHs of 4 . 5 , 7 . 0 and 9 . 0 .
Altogether , 1 , 211 strains were isolated , divided into the following groups : Hyphomycetes , the most abundant followed by Ascomycetes , Zygomycetes , Coelomycetes , and Oomycetes .
From these , 112 species were identified , 8 down to the genus level , and those that did not produce conidia were grouped as Mycelia sterilia .
Among the strains , 67 were cellulolytic , 32 originated solely in soil under natural vegetation , and 26 originated solely in soil under secondary vegetation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In order to assess the biodiversity of these microorganisms in this type of ecosystem , the Banhado Grande region was chosen at the Jureia-Itatins Ecology Station , in the state of Sao Paulo , Brazil .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Identification of dietary patterns using factor analysis in an epidemiological study in So Paulo .
| | Author: Marchioni DM Latorre Mdo R Eluf-Neto J WEsch-Filho V Fisberg RM .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 123 ( 3 ) P : 124-7 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16021275 Accession (PMID): 16021275 | | Abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE : Diet and nutrition are environmental factors in health/disease relationships .
From the epidemiological viewpoint , diet represents a complex set of highly correlated exposures .
Our objective was to identify patterns of food intake in a group of individuals living in So Paulo , and to develop objective dietary measurements for epidemiological purposes .
DESIGN AND LOCAL : Exploratory factor analysis of data in a case-control study in seven teaching hospitals in So Paulo .
METHODS : The participants were 517 patients ( 260 oral cancer cases and 257 controls ) admitted to the study hospitals between November 1998 and March 2001 .
The weekly intake frequencies for dairy products , cereals , meat , processed meat , vegetables , pulses , fruits and sweets were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire .
Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis , based on the intake of the eight food groups , using principal component analysis as an extraction method followed by varimax rotation .
RESULTS : Factor analysis identified three patterns that accounted for 55% of the total variability within the sample .
The first pattern ( "prudent" ) was characterized by vegetable , fruit and meat intake ; the second ( "traditional" ) by cereals ( mainly rice ) and pulses ( mainly beans ) ; and the third ( "snacks" ) by dairy products and processed meat .
CONCLUSION : This study identified food intake patterns through an a posteriori approach .
Such analysis may be useful for nutritional intervention programs and , after computing scores for each individual according to the patterns identified , for establishing a relationship between diet and other epidemiological measurements of interest | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our objective was to identify patterns of food intake in a group of individuals living in So Paulo , and to develop objective dietary measurements for epidemiological purposes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: DESIGN AND LOCAL : Exploratory factor analysis of data in a case-control study in seven teaching hospitals in So Paulo .
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| Title: [ Application of biosurfactant in composting of agricultural waste ] | | Author: Dai F Zeng GM Yuan XZ Wu XH Shi JG .
| | Journal: Huan Jing Ke Xue Citation: V : 26 ( 4 ) P : 181-5 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16212193 Accession (PMID): 16212193 | | Abstract: The biosurfactant of rhamonolipid ( Rh ) obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used in co-composting of rice straw and wheat bran , the efficiency of the promoter was studied under temperature control during the first stage of composting .
Composting was done in an aerobic static bed of composting during which moisture content of mixture materials was controlled between 60% 70% , and the control of aeration adopted the timer by turns of 0 . 18m3/h for 20 minutes and pause for 40 minutes .
Changes were studied including pH , organic matter , dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) , the biomass of microorganism , hemicellulase activity , carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme ( CMCase ) activity , hemi-cellulose and cellulose contents .
The experimental results show that the degradation rate of organic matter is 13 . 4% higher than that of the control , and the average of DOC is improved by 2 . 2g/kg .
The degradation contents of hemi-cellulose and cellulose are increased by 5 . 7% , 10 . 7% compared with the control .
This indicate that the addition of Rh can improve microenvironment , strengthen polymers hydration , accelerate the co-composting process and improve the quality of composting production .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Composting was done in an aerobic static bed of composting during which moisture content of mixture materials was controlled between 60% 70% , and the control of aeration adopted the timer by turns of 0 . 18m3/h for 20 minutes and pause for 40 minutes .
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| Title: Confirmation of potential herbicidal agents in hulls of rice , Oryza sativa .
| | Author: Chung IM Hahn SJ Ahmad A | | Journal: J Chem . Ecol . Citation: V : 31 ( 6 ) P : 1339-52 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16222775 Accession (PMID): 16222775 | | Abstract: An ethyl acetate extract of Oryza sativa ( rice ) hulls yielded seven compounds : hentriacontane , 1-tetratriacontanol , beta-sitosterol , momilactone A , momilactone B , tricin ( a flavonoid ) , and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside .
The structures of these compounds were elucidated with 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) , using 1D and 2D spectral methods , aided by electron ionization mass spectrometry ( EI-MS ) , fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry ( FAB-MS ) , infrared ( IR ) , and ultraviolet ( UV ) spectrophotometry .
The complete 1H NMR assignments for momilactone A and B and 13C NMR assignments for tricin are discussed .
To the best of our knowledge , hentriacontane , 1-tetratriacontanol , and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside were identified for the first time in rice hulls .
In biological activity tests using these identified compounds , momilactone A and B showed potent inhibitory activity against duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata ) .
1-Tetratriacontanol and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside also showed about 13-20% inhibitory activity based on chlorophyll reduction .
Hentriacontane and beta-sitosterol did not show any herbicidal activity .
In a germination assay of three weed species ( Leptochloa chinenesis L , Amaranthus retroflexus L , and Cyperus difformis L ) in culture tubes both momilactones A and B had high inhibitory effects .
Momilactone B completely inhibited germination of all three weed species at 20 ppm .
Germination of L chinensis L was completely inhibited by a 4 ppm solution of momilactone B | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In biological activity tests using these identified compounds , momilactone A and B showed potent inhibitory activity against duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: DA-9201 shows anti-asthmatic effects by suppressing NF-kappaB expression in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma .
| | Author: Lee SH Seo MJ Choi SM Sohn YS Kang KK Ahn BO Kwon JW Yoo M | | Journal: Arch . Pharm . Res . Citation: V : 28 ( 12 ) P : 1350-7 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16392668 Accession (PMID): 16392668 | | Abstract: Nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappaB ) regulates the expression of multiple cytokines , chemokines , and cell adhesion molecules that are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma .
We investigated the anti-asthmatic effects and the mechanism of action of DA-9201 , an extract of the black rice , in a mouse model of asthma .
Mice immunized with ovalbumin ( OVA ) were administered with DA-9201 ( 30 , 100 or 300 mg/kg ) or dexamethasone ( DEXA , 3 mg/kg ) for 2 weeks and challenged with aerosolized OVA during the last 3 days .
Anti-asthmatic effects were assessed by means of enhanced pauses , level of total IgE and Th2 cytokines in plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) , the percentage of eosinophils in BALF , and histopathological examination .
The expression of NF-kappaB in nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction and its DNA-binding activity in lung it issues were analyzed by means of Western blotting and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay ( EMSA ) , respectively .
DA-9201 significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness ( AHR ) , total IgE level in plasma and BALF , IL-4 , IL-5 , and IL-13 levels in BALF , and the percentage of eosinophils in BALF .
Tissue inflammation was significantly improved by DA-9201 treatment .
In addition , DA-9201 dramatically suppressed the expression of NF-kappaB and its DNA-binding activity .
These results suggest that DA-9201 may be useful for the treatment of asthma and its efficacy is related to suppression of NF-kappaB pathway . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anti-asthmatic effects were assessed by means of enhanced pauses , level of total IgE and Th2 cytokines in plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) , the percentage of eosinophils in BALF , and histopathological examination .
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| Title: Chemical constituents of rice ( Oryza sativa ) hulls and their herbicidal activity against duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 ) .
| | Author: Chung IM Ali M Ahmad A Lim JD Yu CY Kim JS .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 17 ( 1 ) P : 36-45 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16454475 Accession (PMID): 16454475 | | Abstract: Four new compounds , stigmastanol-3beta-p-glyceroxydihydrocoumaroate ( 1 ) , stigmastanol-3beta-p-butanoxydihydrocoumaroate ( 2 ) , lanast-7 , 9 ( 11 ) -dien-3alpha , 15alpha-diol-3alpha-D-glucofuranoside ( 3 ) and 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-3 , 7-dimethyl-11-aldehydic-tetradecane-2-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ) , along with several known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of hulls of Oryza sativa .
The new structures were established by one and two-dimensional NMR and in combination with IR , EI/MS , FAB/MS and HR-FAB/ MS .
Compound ( 3 ) strongly inhibited the growth of duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 ) , whilst compounds ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) exhibited weak inhibition . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Compound ( 3 ) strongly inhibited the growth of duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 ) , whilst compounds ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) exhibited weak inhibition .
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| Title: Conserved expression profiles of circadian clock-related genes in two Lemna species showing long-day and short-day photoperiodic flowering responses .
| | Author: Miwa K Serikawa M Suzuki S Kondo T Oyama T | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 47 ( 5 ) P : 601-12 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16524874 Accession (PMID): 16524874 | | Abstract: The Lemna genus is a group of monocotyledonous plants with tiny , floating bodies .
Lemna gibba G3 and L paucicostata 6746 were once intensively analyzed for physiological timing systems of photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythms since they showed obligatory and sensitive photoperiodic responses of a long-day and a short-day plant , respectively .
We attempted to approach the divergence of biological timing systems at the molecular level using these plants .
We first employed molecular techniques to study their circadian clock systems .
We developed a convenient bioluminescent reporter system to monitor the circadian rhythms of Lemna plants .
As in Arabidopsis , the Arabidopsis CCA1 promoter produced circadian expression in Lemna plants , though the phases and the sustainability of bioluminescence rhythms were somewhat diverged between them .
Lemna homologs of the Arabidopsis clock-related genes LHY/CCA1 , GI , ELF3 and PRRs were then isolated as candidates for clock-related genes in these plants .
These genes showed rhythmic expression profiles that were basically similar to those of Arabidopsis under light-dark conditions .
Results from co-transfection assays using the bioluminescence reporter and overexpression effectors suggested that the LHY and GI homologs of Lemna can function in the circadian clock system like the counterparts of Arabidopsis .
All these results suggested that the frame of the circadian clock appeared to be conserved not only between the two Lemna plants but also between monocotyledons and dicotyledons .
However , divergence of gene numbers and expression profiles for LHY/CCA1 homologs were found between Lemna , rice and Arabidopsis , suggesting that some modification of clock-related components occurred through their evolution .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lemna gibba G3 and L paucicostata 6746 were once intensively analyzed for physiological timing systems of photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythms since they showed obligatory and sensitive photoperiodic responses of a long-day and a short-day plant , respectively .
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| Title: Trichoderma theobromicola and T paucisporum : two new species isolated from cacao in South America .
| | Author: Samuels GJ Suarez C Solis K Holmes KA Thomas SE Ismaiel A Evans HC .
| | Journal: Mycol . Res . Citation: V : 110 ( Pt 4 ) P : 381-92 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16621496 Accession (PMID): 16621496 | | Abstract: Trichoderma theobromicola and T paucisporum spp . nov . are described .
Trichoderma theobromicola was isolated as an endophyte from the trunk of a healthy cacao tree ( Theobroma cacao , Malvaceae ) in Amazonian Peru ; it sporulates profusely on common mycological media .
Trichoderma paucisporum is represented by two cultures that were obtained in Ecuador from cacao pods partially infected with frosty pod rot , Moniliophthora roreri ; it sporulates sporadically and most cultures remain sterile on common media and autoclaved rice .
It sporulates more reliably on synthetic low-nutrient agar ( SNA ) but produces few conidia .
Trichoderma theobromicola was reintroduced into cacao seedlings through shoot inoculation and was recovered from stems but not from leaves , indicating that it is an endophytic species .
Both produced a volatile/diffusable antibiotic that inhibited development of M roreri in vitro and on-pod trials .
Neither species demonstrated significant direct in vitro mycoparasitic activity against M roreri .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trichoderma theobromicola and T paucisporum spp . nov . are described .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trichoderma paucisporum is represented by two cultures that were obtained in Ecuador from cacao pods partially infected with frosty pod rot , Moniliophthora roreri ; it sporulates sporadically and most cultures remain sterile on common media and autoclaved rice .
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| Title: New restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the cytochrome oxidase I gene facilitate host strain identification of fall armyworm ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) populations in the southeastern United States .
| | Author: Nagoshi RN Meagher RL Adamczyk JJ Braman SK Brandenburg RL Nuessly G | | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Citation: V : 99 ( 3 ) P : 671-7 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16813297 Accession (PMID): 16813297 | | Abstract: Several restriction sites in the cytochrome oxidase I gene of fall armyworm , Spodoptera frugiperda ( JE Smith ) , were identified by sequence analysis as potentially being specific to one of the two host strains .
Strain specificity was demonstrated for populations in Florida , Texas , Mississippi , Georgia , and North Carolina , with an AciI and SacI site specific to the rice ( Oryjza spp . ) -strain and a BsmI and HinfI site joining an already characterized MspI site as diagnostic of the corn ( Zea mays L ) -strain .
All four of these sites can be detected by digestion of a single 568-bp polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragment , but the use of two enzymes in separate digests was found to provide accurate and rapid determination of strain identity .
The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated by the analysis of almost 200 adult and larval specimens from the Mississippi delta region .
The results indicated that the corn-strain is likely to be the primary strain infesting cotton ( Gossypium spp . ) and that an unexpected outbreak of fall armyworm on the ornamental tree Paulownia tomentosa ( Thunb . ) Sieb .
& Zucc . ex Steud . was due almost entirely to the rice-strain .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results indicated that the corn-strain is likely to be the primary strain infesting cotton ( Gossypium spp . ) and that an unexpected outbreak of fall armyworm on the ornamental tree Paulownia tomentosa ( Thunb . ) Sieb .
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| Title: Dietary patterns and risk of oral cancer : a case-control study in So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Marchioni DM Fisberg RM Francisco de Gis Filho J Kowalski LP Brasilino de Carvalho M Abraho M Latorre Mdo R Eluf-Neto J WEsch Filho V | | Journal: Citation: V : 41 ( 1 ) P : 19-26 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17273630 Accession (PMID): 17273630 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To analyze the association between dietary patterns and oral cancer .
METHODS : The study , part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study , was conducted in So Paulo , Southeastern Brazil , between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls , frequency-matched with cases by sex and age .
Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire .
The risk associated with the intake of food groups defined a posteriori , through factor analysis ( called factors ) , was assessed .
The first factor , labeled "prudent , " was characterized by the intake of vegetables , fruit , cheese , and poultry .
The second factor , "traditional , " consisted of the intake of rice , pasta , pulses , and meat .
The third factor , "snacks , " was characterized as the intake of bread , butter , salami , cheese , cakes , and desserts .
The fourth , "monotonous , " was inversely associated with the intake of fruit , vegetables and most other food items .
Factor scores for each component retained were calculated for cases and controls .
After categorization of factor scores into tertiles according to the distribution of controls , odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression .
RESULTS : "Traditional" factor showed an inverse association with cancer ( OR=0 . 51 ; 95% CI : 0 . 32 ; 0 . 81 , p-value for trend 0 . 14 ) , whereas "monotonous" was positively associated with the outcome ( OR=1 . 78 ; 95% CI : 1 . 78 ; 2 . 85 , p-value for trend <0 . 001 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : The study data suggest that the traditional Brazilian diet , consisting of rice and beans plus moderate amounts of meat , may confer protection against oral cancer , independently of any other risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : The study , part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study , was conducted in So Paulo , Southeastern Brazil , between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls , frequency-matched with cases by sex and age .
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| Title: [ Dietary factors and oral cancer : a case-control study in Greater Metropolitan So Paulo , Brazil ] | | Author: Marchioni DM Fisberg RM Gis Filho JF Kowalski LP Carvalho MB Abraho M Latorre Mdo R Eluf Neto J WEsch-Filho V | | Journal: Citation: V : 23 ( 3 ) P : 553-64 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17334570 Accession (PMID): 17334570 | | Abstract: Dietary factors associated with oral cancer were investigated in a case-control hospital-based study in the city of So Paulo , Brazil , from 1998 to 2002 .
A total of 835 subjects , 366 with histologically confirmed incident cases of oral-cavity or pharyngeal cancer and 469 controls participated in the study .
Dietary data were collected with a food frequency questionnaire ( FFQ ) .
Odds ratios ( OR ) and 95% confidence intervals ( 95%CI ) were obtained from unconditional logistic regression , adjusted for potential confounders .
Inverse associations with risk of oral cancer were found for the highest intake of beans , OR = 0 . 37 ( 95%CI : 0 . 22-0 . 64 ) , raw vegetables , OR = 0 . 51 ( 95%CI : 0 . 29-0 . 93 ) and the intermediate tertile of rice and pasta intake , OR = 0 . 56 ( 95%CI : 0 . 38-0 . 83 ) .
Positive associations were observed for the highest intake of eggs , OR = 1 . 84 ( 95%CI : 1 . 23-2 . 75 ) , potatoes , OR = 2 . 22 ( 95%CI : 1 . 53-3 . 25 ) , and milk , OR= 1 . 80 ( 95%CI : 1 . 09-2 . 98 ) .
Some traditional Brazilian foods like rice and beans emerged as protective factors against oral cancer , independently of other risk factors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Dietary factors associated with oral cancer were investigated in a case-control hospital-based study in the city of So Paulo , Brazil , from 1998 to 2002 .
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| Title: Steroidal constituents of rice ( Rryza sativa ) hulls with algicidal and herbicidal activity against blue-green algae and duckweed .
| | Author: Chung IM Ali M Ahmad A Chun SC Kim JT Sultana S Kim JS Min SK Seo BR | | Journal: Phytochem Anal Citation: V : 18 P : 133-45 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17439014 Accession (PMID): 17439014 | | Abstract: Two new compounds , 14-methyl stigmast-9 ( 11 ) -en-3alpha-ol-3beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 1 ) and cholest-11-en-3beta , 6beta , 7alpha , 22beta-tetraol-24-one-3beta-palmitoleate ( 2 ) , along with the known compound beta-sitosteryl-3beta-D-glucopyranosyl-6-linoleiate ( 3 ) , were isolated from the methanolic extract of rice ( Oryza sativa ) hulls .
The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated using one and two-dimensional NMR in combination with IR , EI/MS , FAB/MS , HR-EI/MS and HR-FAB/MS .
In bioassays with blue-green algae , Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX 2388 and duckweed , Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 , the efficacy of bioactivity of the two new compounds linearly increased as the concentration increased from 0 . 3 to 300 IgM .
Compared with momilactone A , compounds 1 and 2 showed similar and higher inhibitory activities against the growth of M aeruginosa at a concentration of 300 microM .
However , compound 2 was similar to momilactone A in inhibiting L paucicostata growth at a concentration of 300 microM .
As a result , compound 2 appears to have a strong potential for the environmentally friendly control of weed and algae that are harmful to water-logged rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In bioassays with blue-green algae , Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX 2388 and duckweed , Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 , the efficacy of bioactivity of the two new compounds linearly increased as the concentration increased from 0 . 3 to 300 IgM .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , compound 2 was similar to momilactone A in inhibiting L paucicostata growth at a concentration of 300 microM .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Autologous bone marrow stem cells--properties and advantages .
| | Author: Rice CM Scolding NJ | | Journal: J Neurol Sci Citation: V : 265 P : 59-62 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17669432 Accession (PMID): 17669432 | | Abstract: The properties of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation make stem cells attractive candidates for use in cellular reparative therapy , particularly in neurological diseases where there is a paucity of treatment options .
However , clinical trials using foetal material in Parkinsons disease have been disappointing and highlighted problems associated with the use of embryonic stem cells , including ethical issues and practical concerns regarding teratoma formation .
Understandably , this has led investigators to explore alternative sources of stem cells for transplantation .
The expression of neuroectodermal markers by cells of bone marrow origin focused attention on these adult stem cells .
Although early enthusiasm has been tempered by dispute regarding the validity of reports of in vitro ( trans ) differentiation , the demonstration of functional benefit in animal models of neurological disease is encouraging .
Here we will review some of the required properties of stem cells for use in transplantation therapy with specific reference to the development of bone marrow-derived cells as a source of cells for repair in demyelination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The properties of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation make stem cells attractive candidates for use in cellular reparative therapy , particularly in neurological diseases where there is a paucity of treatment options .
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| Title: Cross-species functionality of pararetroviral elements driving ribosome shunting .
| | Author: Pooggin MM Futterer J Hohn T | | Journal: PLoS ONE Citation: V : 3 P : e1650 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18286203 Accession (PMID): 18286203 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Cauliflower mosaic virus ( CaMV ) and Rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) belong to distinct genera of pararetroviruses infecting dicot and monocot plants , respectively .
In both viruses , polycistronic translation of pregenomic ( pg ) RNA is initiated by shunting ribosomes that bypass a large region of the pgRNA leader with several short ( s ) ORFs and a stable stem-loop structure .
The shunt requires translation of a 5-proximal sORF terminating near the stem .
In CaMV , mutations knocking out this sORF nearly abolish shunting and virus viability .
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS : Here we show that two distant regions of the CaMV leader that form a minimal shunt configuration comprising the sORF , a bottom part of the stem , and a shunt landing sequence can be replaced by heterologous sequences that form a structurally similar configuration in RTBV without any dramatic effect on shunt-mediated translation and CaMV infectivity .
The CaMV-RTBV chimeric leader sequence was largely stable over five viral passages in turnip plants : a few alterations that did eventually occur in the virus progenies are indicative of fine tuning of the chimeric sequence during adaptation to a new host CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE : Our findings demonstrate cross-species functionality of pararetroviral cis-elements driving ribosome shunting and evolutionary conservation of the shunt mechanism .
We are grateful to Matthias Muller and Sandra Pauli for technical assistance .
This work was initiated at Friedrich Miescher Institute ( Basel , Switzerland ) .
We thank Prof .
Thomas Boller for hosting the group at the Institute of Botany .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: We are grateful to Matthias Muller and Sandra Pauli for technical assistance .
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| Title: Intergeneric transfer of ribosomal genes between two fungi .
| | Author: Xie J Fu Y Jiang D Li G Huang J Li B Hsiang T Peng Y | | Journal: BMC Evol Biol Citation: V : 8 P : 87 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18366664 Accession (PMID): 18366664 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Horizontal gene transfer , also called lateral gene transfer , frequently occurs among prokaryotic organisms , and is considered an important force in their evolution .
However , there are relatively few reports of transfer to or from fungi , with some notable exceptions in the acquisition of prokaryotic genes .
Some fungal species have been found to contain sequences resembling those of bacterial genes , and with such sequences absent in other fungal species , this has been interpreted as horizontal gene transfer .
Similarly , a few fungi have been found to contain genes absent in close relatives but present in more distantly related taxa , and horizontal gene transfer has been invoked as a parsimonious explanation .
There is a paucity of direct experimental evidence demonstrating the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer in fungi .
RESULTS : We found a fungal field isolate from rice ( Oryzae sativa ) that contains ribosomal DNA sequences from two species of fungal rice pathogens ( Thanatephorus cucumeris and Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae ) .
This field isolate has four types of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers ( ITS ) , namely pure ITS of C oryzae-sativae , which was dominant in this field isolate , pure ITS of T cucumeris , and two chimeric ITS , with ITS1 derived from C oryzae-sativae and ITS2 from T cucumeris , or ITS1 from T cucumeris and ITS2 from C oryzae-sativae .
The presence of chimeric forms indicates that the intergeneric hybrid was not merely composed of nuclei from the parental species , but that nuclear fusion and crossing over had taken place .
CONCLUSION : Hyphae of T cucumeris and C oryzae-sativae are vegetatively incompatible , and do not successfully anastomose .
However , they parasitize the same host , and perhaps under the influence of host enzymes targeted to weaken pathogen cells or in dying host plant it issue , the fungal hyphae lost their integrity , and normal vegetative incompatibility mechanisms were overcome , allowing the hyphae to fuse .
Based on the presence of other similarly anomalous isolates from the field , we speculate that these types of intergeneric hybridization events and occurrences of horizontal gene transfer may not be so rare in the field .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: There is a paucity of direct experimental evidence demonstrating the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer in fungi .
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| Title: The kinesin-1 motor protein is regulated by a direct interaction of its head and tail .
| | Author: Dietrich KA Sindelar CV Brewer PD Downing KH Cremo CR Rice SE | | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Citation: V : 105 P : 8938-43 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18579780 Accession (PMID): 18579780 | | Abstract: Kinesin-1 is a molecular motor protein that transports cargo along microtubules .
Inside cells , the vast majority of kinesin-1 is regulated to conserve ATP and to ensure its proper intracellular distribution and coordination with other molecular motors .
Regulated kinesin-1 folds in half at a hinge in its coiled-coil stalk .
Interactions between coiled-coil regions near the enzymatically active heads at the N terminus and the regulatory tails at the C terminus bring these globular elements in proximity and stabilize the folded conformation .
However , it has remained a mystery how kinesin-1s microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity is regulated in this folded conformation .
Here , we present evidence for a direct interaction between the kinesin-1 head and tail .
We photochemically cross-linked heads and tails and produced an 8-A cryoEM reconstruction of the cross-linked head-tail complex on microtubules .
These data demonstrate that a conserved essential regulatory element in the kinesin-1 tail interacts directly and specifically with the enzymatically critical Switch I region of the head .
This interaction suggests a mechanism for tail-mediated regulation of the ATPase activity of kinesin-1 .
In our structure , the tail makes simultaneous contacts with the kinesin-1 head and the microtubule , suggesting the tail may both regulate kinesin-1 in solution and hold it in a paused state with high ADP affinity on microtubules .
The interaction of the Switch I region of the kinesin-1 head with the tail is strikingly similar to the interactions of small GTPases with their regulators , indicating that other kinesin motors may share similar regulatory mechanisms .
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[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In our structure , the tail makes simultaneous contacts with the kinesin-1 head and the microtubule , suggesting the tail may both regulate kinesin-1 in solution and hold it in a paused state with high ADP affinity on microtubules .
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| Title: Expression and characterization of rice putative PAUSED gene .
| | Author: Yao C Ge L Li W Zhao B Li C Ruan K Lin H Jin Y | | Journal: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin ( Shanghai ) Citation: V : 40 P : 893-900 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18850055 Accession (PMID): 18850055 | | Abstract: In Arabidopsis , PAUSED ( PSD ) encodes the ortholog of los1p/exportin-t , which mediates the nuclear export of transfer RNA ( tRNA ) in yeast and mammals .
However , in monocot plants such as rice , knowledge of the corresponding ortholog is limited , and its effects on growth development and productivity remain unknown .
In this study , we verified a rice transfer-DNA insertional mutant psd line and analyzed its phenotypes ; the mutant displayed severe morphological defects including retarded development and low fertility compared with wild-type rice .
Examining intronless tRNA-Tyr and intron-containing pre-tRNA-Ala expression levels in cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction with Northern blot analysis between wild-type and mutant leaf it issue suggested that rice PSD might be involved in tRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm .
Additionally , reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSD transcript was expressed throughout normal rice plant development , and subcellular localization assays showed that rice PSD protein was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm .
In summary , our data implied that the putative PSD gene might be indispensable for normal rice development and its function might be the same as that of Arabidopsis PSD .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Arabidopsis , PAUSED ( PSD ) encodes the ortholog of los1p/exportin-t , which mediates the nuclear export of transfer RNA ( tRNA ) in yeast and mammals .
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| Title: Multimodal analgesia for chronic pain : rationale and future directions .
| | Author: Argoff CE Albrecht P Irving G Rice F | | Journal: Pain Med Citation: V : 10 Suppl 2 P : S53-66 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19691685 Accession (PMID): 19691685 | | Abstract: Chronic pain is a multifaceted disease requiring multimodal treatment .
Clinicians routinely employ various combinations of pharmacologic , interventional , cognitive-behavioral , rehabilitative , and other nonmedical therapies despite the paucity of robust evidence in support of such an approach .
Therapies are selected consistent with the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain , reflecting the subjective nature of the pain complaint , and the myriad stressors that shape it .
Elucidating mechanisms that govern normal sensation in the periphery has provided insights into the biochemical , molecular , and neuroanatomic correlates of chronic pain , an understanding of which is leading increasingly to mechanism-specific multidrug therapies .
Peripheral and central neuroplastic reorganization underlying the disease of chronic pain is influenced by patient-specific emotions , cognition , and memories , further impairing function and idiosyncratically defining the illness of chronic pain .
Clinical perceptions of these and related subjective elements associated with the suffering of chronic pain drive psychosocial treatments , including , among other options , relaxation therapies , coping skills development , and cognitive-behavioral therapy .
Treatment selection is thus guided by comprehensive assessment of the phenomenology and inferred pathophysiology of the pain syndrome ; patient goals , preferences , and expectations ; behavioral , cognitive , and physical function ; and level of risk .
Experiential , practice-based evidence may be necessary for improving patient care , but it is insufficient ; certainly , well-designed studies are needed to support therapeutic decision making .
This review will discuss the biochemical basis of pain , factors that govern its severity and chronicity , and foundational elements for current and emerging multimodal treatment strategies .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Clinicians routinely employ various combinations of pharmacologic , interventional , cognitive-behavioral , rehabilitative , and other nonmedical therapies despite the paucity of robust evidence in support of such an approach .
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| Title: Heterologous oligonucleotide microarrays for transcriptomics in a non-model species ; a proof-of-concept study of drought stress in Musa .
| | Author: Davey MW Graham NS Vanholme B Swennen R May ST Keulemans J | | Journal: BMC Genomics Citation: V : 10 P : 436 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19758430 Accession (PMID): 19758430 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Systems-wide approaches such as microarray RNA-profiling are ideally suited to the study of the complex overlapping responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses .
However , commercial microarrays are only available for a limited number of plant species and development costs are so substantial as to be prohibitive for most research groups .
Here we evaluate the use of cross-hybridisation to Affymetrix oligonucleotide GeneChip ( R ) microarrays to profile the response of the banana ( Musa spp . ) leaf transcriptome to drought stress using a genomic DNA ( gDNA ) -based probe-selection strategy to improve the efficiency of detection of differentially expressed Musa transcripts .
RESULTS : Following cross-hybridisation of Musa gDNA to the Rice GeneChip ( R ) Genome Array , 33 , 700 gene-specific probe-sets had a sufficiently high degree of homology to be retained for transcriptomic analyses .
In a proof-of-concept approach , pooled RNA representing a single biological replicate of control and drought stressed leaves of the Musa cultivar Cachaco were hybridised to the Affymetrix Rice Genome Array .
A total of 2 , 910 Musa gene homologues with a >2-fold difference in expression levels were subsequently identified .
These drought-responsive transcripts included many functional classes associated with plant biotic and abiotic stress responses , as well as a range of regulatory genes known to be involved in coordinating abiotic stress responses .
This latter group included members of the ERF , DREB , MYB , bZIP and bHLH transcription factor families .
Fifty-two of these drought-sensitive Musa transcripts were homologous to genes underlying QTLs for drought and cold tolerance in rice , including in 2 instances QTLs associated with a single underlying gene .
The list of drought-responsive transcripts also included genes identified in publicly-available comparative transcriptomics experiments .
CONCLUSION : Our results demonstrate that despite the general paucity of nucleotide sequence data in Musa and only distant phylogenetic relations to rice , gDNA probe-based cross-hybridisation to the Rice GeneChip ( R ) is a highly promising strategy to study complex biological responses and illustrates the potential of such strategies for gene discovery in non-model species .
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[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: CONCLUSION : Our results demonstrate that despite the general paucity of nucleotide sequence data in Musa and only distant phylogenetic relations to rice , gDNA probe-based cross-hybridisation to the Rice GeneChip ( R ) is a highly promising strategy to study complex biological responses and illustrates the potential of such strategies for gene discovery in non-model species .
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| Title: Semaphorin3A/neuropilin-1 signaling acts as a molecular switch regulating neural crest migration during cornea development .
| | Author: Lwigale PY Bronner-Fraser M | | Journal: Dev Biol Citation: V : 336 P : 257-65 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19833121 Accession (PMID): 19833121 | | Abstract: Cranial neural crest cells migrate into the periocular region and later contribute to various ocular it issues including the cornea , ciliary body and iris .
After reaching the eye , they initially pause before migrating over the lens to form the cornea .
Interestingly , removal of the lens leads to premature invasion and abnormal differentiation of the cornea .
In exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect , we find that semaphorin3A ( Sema3A ) is expressed in the lens placode and epithelium continuously throughout eye development .
Interestingly , neuropilin-1 ( Npn-1 ) is expressed by periocular neural crest but down-regulated , in a manner independent of the lens , by the subpopulation that migrates into the eye and gives rise to the cornea endothelium and stroma .
In contrast , Npn-1 expressing neural crest cells remain in the periocular region and contribute to the anterior uvea and ocular blood vessels .
Introduction of a peptide that inhibits Sema3A/Npn-1 signaling results in premature entry of neural crest cells over the lens that phenocopies lens ablation .
Furthermore , Sema3A inhibits periocular neural crest migration in vitro .
Taken together , our data reveal a novel and essential role of Sema3A/Npn-1 signaling in coordinating periocular neural crest migration that is vital for proper ocular development .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: After reaching the eye , they initially pause before migrating over the lens to form the cornea .
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| Title: Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp . nov . , isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms .
| | Author: Ueki A Abe K Ohtaki Y Kaku N Watanabe K Ueki K | | Journal: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol Citation: V : 61 P : 448-53 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20348319 Accession (PMID): 20348319 | | Abstract: A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain ( WK042 ( T ) ) was isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan .
Cells were Gram-staining-negative , non-motile , non-spore-forming rods .
Growth was stimulated well by haemin , and was enhanced by cobalamin ( vitamin B ( 12 ) ) .
Strain WK042 ( T ) utilized arabinose , xylose , glucose , mannose and aesculin as preferred substrates .
Maltose , dextrin , glycogen , starch and pectin were also utilized , although growth on these substrates was much slower .
The strain produced acetate , propionate and succinate from these saccharides .
The strain was slightly alkaliphilic , with optimum growth at pH 7 . 7 .
The temperature range for growth was 10-40 degrees C , the optimum being 35 degrees C The strain was sensitive to bile .
The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C ( 15 : 0 ) , iso-C ( 17 : 0 ) 3-OH and C ( 15 : 0 ) .
Menaquinone 11 ( MK-11 ) was the major respiratory quinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 41 . 0 mol% .
Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the strain in the phylum Bacteroidetes .
Strain WK042 ( T ) was related distantly to the type strains of species in the cluster including Bacteroides massiliensis , Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei ( 91-92 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity ) .
Based on data from the present phylogenetic , physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses , strain WK042 ( T ) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacteroides , for which the name Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp . nov . is proposed .
The type strain is WK042 ( T ) ( =JCM 15092 ( T ) =DSM 21004 ( T ) ) .
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[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on data from the present phylogenetic , physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses , strain WK042 ( T ) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacteroides , for which the name Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp . nov . is proposed .
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| Title: Evaluating biological variation in non-transgenic crops : executive summary from the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute workshop , November 16-17 , 2009 , Paris , France .
| | Author: Doerrer N Ladics G McClain S Herouet-Guicheney C Poulsen LK Privalle L Stagg N | | Journal: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Citation: V : 58 P : S2-7 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20615445 Accession (PMID): 20615445 | | Abstract: The International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Protein Allergenicity Technical Committee hosted an international workshop November 16-17 , 2009 , in Paris , France , with over 60 participants from academia , government , and industry to review and discuss the potential utility of "-omics" technologies for assessing the variability in plant gene , protein , and metabolite expression .
The goal of the workshop was to illustrate how a plants constituent makeup and phenotypic processes can be surveyed analytically .
Presentations on the "-omics" techniques ( ie , genomics , proteomics , and metabolomics ) highlighted the workshop , and summaries of these presentations are published separately in this supplemental issue .
This paper summarizes key messages , as well as the consensus points reached , in a roundtable discussion on eight specific questions posed during the final session of the workshop .
The workshop established some common , though not unique , challenges for all "-omics" techniques , and include ( a ) standardization of separation/extraction and analytical techniques ; ( b ) difficulty in associating environmental impacts ( eg , planting , soil texture , location , climate , stress ) with potential alterations in plants at genomic , proteomic , and metabolomic levels ; ( c ) many independent analytical measurements , but few replicates/subjects--poorly defined accuracy and precision ; and ( d ) bias--a lack of hypothesis-driven science .
Information on natural plant variation is critical in establishing the utility of new technologies due to the variability in specific analytes that may result from genetic differences ( crop genotype ) , different crop management practices ( conventional high input , low input , organic ) , interaction between genotype and environment , and the use of different breeding methods .
For example , variations of several classes of proteins were reported among different soybean , rice , or wheat varieties or varieties grown at different locations .
Data on the variability of allergenic proteins are important in defining the risk of potential allergenicity .
Once established as a standardized assay , survey approaches such as the "-omics" techniques can be considered in a hypothesis-driven analysis of plants , such as determining unintended effects in genetically modified ( GM ) crops .
However , the analysis should include both the GM and control varieties that have the same breeding history and exposure to the same environmental conditions .
Importantly , the biological relevance and safety significance of changes in "-omic" data are still unknown .
Furthermore , the current compositional assessment for evaluating the substantial equivalence of GM crops is robust , comprehensive , and a good tool for food safety assessments .
The overall consensus of the workshop participants was that many "-omics" techniques are extremely useful in the discovery and research phases of biotechnology , and are valuable for hypothesis generation .
However , there are many methodological shortcomings identified with "-omics" approaches , a paucity of reference materials , and a lack of focused strategy for their use that currently make them not conducive for the safety assessment of GM crops .
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[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , there are many methodological shortcomings identified with "-omics" approaches , a paucity of reference materials , and a lack of focused strategy for their use that currently make them not conducive for the safety assessment of GM crops .
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| Title: [ The nutritional and dieting profiles of patients diagnosed with leprosy treated in the primary healthcare units of Greater Vitoria , State of Espirito Santo , Brazil ] .
| | Author: Montenegro RM Molina Mdel C Moreira M Zandonade E | | Journal: Rev Soc Bras Med Trop Citation: V : 44 P : 228-31 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21503549 Accession (PMID): 21503549 | | Abstract: INTRODUCTION : The present study investigated leprosy in relation to the clinical , sociodemographic , nutritional and dietary profiles of patients diagnosed at primary healthcare units in the suburbs of Greater Vitoria , State of Espirito Santo , Brazil , from January to December 2009 .
METHODS : The study involved 152 male and female patients initiating polychemotherapy treatment .
The collected data included sociodemographic , anthropometric , biochemical and dietary aspects derived from a questionnaire of eating frequency ( QEF ) that was validated and adapted for Brazilian culture .
Body mass index ( BMI ) was calculated to evaluate patient nutritional status .
RESULTS : The study showed that : 79 ( 52% ) of the participants were women , average age was 40 . 4 years-old ( +/- 16 . 9 ) ; 81 ( 53 . 3% ) were employed ; the mean number of years of schooling was 7 . 1 ( +/- 4 . 5 ) .
Concerning the disease , 79 ( 52% ) of the participants were multibacillary and 73 ( 48% ) paucibacillary .
The bacilloscopy index was negative in 125 ( 82 . 2% ) patients .
Excess weight was identified in 11 . 8% and 5 . 3% were underweight .
Rice and beans were mentioned frequently , 87 . 3% and 88 . 7% , respectively .
CONCLUSIONS : The study showed that simple actions , initiated during primary healthcare , can help to improve the treatment of patients with the leprosy .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Concerning the disease , 79 ( 52% ) of the participants were multibacillary and 73 ( 48% ) paucibacillary .
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| Title: A six-gene phylogeny reveals the evolution of mode of infection in the rice blast fungus and allied species .
| | Author: Zhang N Zhao S Shen Q | | Journal: Mycologia Citation: V : 103 P : 1267-76 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21642347 Accession (PMID): 21642347 | | Abstract: The family Magnaporthaceae contains devastating fungal cereal and grass pathogens , such as Magnaporthe oryzae ( rice blast fungus , formerly known as M grisea ) , M poae ( summer patch pathogen of turf grasses ) and Gaeumannomyces graminis ( take-all fungus of various cereals and grasses ) , which are popular model organisms in fungal biology and host-pathogen interaction studies .
Despite their ecological and economic importance , the phylogenetic relationships among the constituent species remain ambiguous due to the lack of convincing morphological characters and paucity of molecular data for the majority of the non-model species in the family .
In this study our multilocus phylogeny suggests that both Magnaporthe and Gaeumannomyces are polyphyletic genera .
The phylogeny also provides insights into fungal biology and pathogenesis .
Magnaporthe oryzae formed a basal clade , while M poae and M rhizophila formed another well supported clade with G incrustans and G graminis .
The basal species infect both root and aerial parts of the plant host , while the aerial infection capacity seems to be lost in the taxa of the latter clade .
The phylogeny is corroborated by evolution of the anamorphs and a cAMP-dependent protein kinase ( CPKA ) gene .
Magnaporthe oryzae produces Pyricularia , while taxa in the latter clade all produce Phialophora-like anamorphs .
CPKA is present in animals and many fungal lineages with various functions .
In M oryzae CPKA is essential for the formation of functional appressoria for leaf penetration .
In root-infecting G graminis var . tritici and M poae however only non-functional CPKA homologous pseudogenes were found in their genomes .
The study indicates that anamorphic and ecological features are more informative than the teleomorphic characters in defining monophyletic groups among these taxa .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Despite their ecological and economic importance , the phylogenetic relationships among the constituent species remain ambiguous due to the lack of convincing morphological characters and paucity of molecular data for the majority of the non-model species in the family .
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| Title: Late Cretaceous origin of the rice tribe provides evidence for early diversification in Poaceae .
| | Author: Prasad V Stromberg CA Leache AD Samant B Patnaik R Tang L Mohabey DM Ge S Sahni A | | Journal: Nat Commun Citation: V : 2 P : 480 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21934664 Accession (PMID): 21934664 | | Abstract: Rice and its relatives are a focal point in agricultural and evolutionary science , but a paucity of fossils has obscured their deep-time history .
Previously described cuticles with silica bodies ( phytoliths ) from the Late Cretaceous period ( 67-65 Ma ) of India indicate that , by the latest Cretaceous , the grass family ( Poaceae ) consisted of members of the modern subclades PACMAD ( Panicoideae-Aristidoideae-Chloridoideae-Micrairoideae-Arundinoideae-Danthonioide ae ) and BEP ( Bambusoideae-Ehrhartoideae-Pooideae ) , including a taxon with proposed affinities to Ehrhartoideae .
Here we describe additional fossils and show that , based on phylogenetic analyses that combine molecular genetic data and epidermal and phytolith features across Poaceae , these can be assigned to the rice tribe , Oryzeae , of grass subfamily Ehrhartoideae .
The new Oryzeae fossils suggest substantial diversification within Ehrhartoideae by the Late Cretaceous , pushing back the time of origin of Poaceae as a whole .
These results , therefore , necessitate a re-evaluation of current models for grass evolution and palaeobiogeography .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice and its relatives are a focal point in agricultural and evolutionary science , but a paucity of fossils has obscured their deep-time history .
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| Title: How promising is Lasioseius floridensis as a control agent of Polyphagotarsonemus latus?
| | Author: Britto EP Gago E de Moraes GJ | | Journal: Exp Appl Acarol Citation: V : 56 P : 221-31 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22273817 Accession (PMID): 22273817 | | Abstract: The blattisociid mite Lasioseius floridensis Berlese was found associated with the broad mite , Polyphagotarsonemus latus ( Banks ) , on gerbera leaves in Mogi das Cruzes , State of Sao Paulo , Brazil .
Blattisociid mites are not common on aerial plant parts , except under high air humidity levels .
Some Lasioseius species have been mentioned as effective control agents of rice pest mites , but nothing is known about the biology of L floridensis .
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the observed co-occurrence of L floridensis and P latus was just occasional or whether the latter could be important as food source for the former , assumed by laboratory evaluation of the ability of the predator to maintain itself , reproduce and develop on that prey .
Biological parameters of L floridensis were compared when exposed to P latus and to other items as food .
The study showed that mating is a pre-requisite for L floridensis to oviposit and that oviposition rate was much higher on the soil nematode Rhabditella axei ( Cobbold ) ( Rhabditidae ) than on P latus .
Ovipositon on the acarid mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae ( Schrank ) was about the same as on P latus , but it was nearly zero when the predator was fed the fungi Aspergillus flavus Link or Penicillium sp . , or cattail ( Typha sp . ) pollen .
Survivorship was higher in the presence of pollen and lower in the presence of A flavus or Penicillium sp . than in the absence of those types of food .
Life table parameters indicated that the predator performed much better on R axei than on P latus .
To evaluate the potential effect of L floridensis as predator of P latus , complementary studies are warranted to determine the frequency of migration of L floridensis to aerial plant parts , when predation on P latus could occur .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The blattisociid mite Lasioseius floridensis Berlese was found associated with the broad mite , Polyphagotarsonemus latus ( Banks ) , on gerbera leaves in Mogi das Cruzes , State of Sao Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: Embryonic and Fetal Development in - Pigmy Rice Rat - Oligoryzomys sp .
( Rodentia , Sigmodontinae ) and its Significance for Being a new Experimental Model .
| | Author: Favaron PO Rodrigues MN Oliveira MF Biasi CM Miglino MA | | Journal: Anat Histol Embryol Citation: V : 41 P : 286-99 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22299809 Accession (PMID): 22299809 | | Abstract: Oligoryzomys ( Cricetidae , Sigmodontinae ) is a common rodent genus from South America that includes a couple of very similar species .
Related species have been used as experimental model for understanding several diseases for which these species are reservoirs .
In order to provide a better understanding of the embryological aspects of this group , herein we showed data on the embryonic and fetal development in Oligoryzomys sp .
Eight specimens of different stages of gestation were obtained from the Collection of the Zoology Museum of University of Sao Paulo , Brazil .
Gestational ages were estimated by crown-rump-length according to Evans and Sack ( 1973 ) .
To address our analysis after examining the gross morphology , it issues from several organs were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy .
Morphological data on the systems ( nervous system , cardiorespiratory system , intestinal tract and urogenital system ) were described in detail .
Finally , the findings were compared with what is known about embryological aspects in other rodent species in order to establish similarities and differences during the organogenesis in different species .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Eight specimens of different stages of gestation were obtained from the Collection of the Zoology Museum of University of Sao Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: Mitochondrial sirtuins--a new therapeutic target for repair and protection in multiple sclerosis .
| | Author: Rice CM Sun M Kemp K Gray E Wilkins A Scolding NJ | | Journal: Eur J Neurosci Citation: V : 35 P : 1887-93 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22708600 Accession (PMID): 22708600 | | Abstract: Given the significant socioeconomic impact of progressive multiple sclerosis ( MS ) and the paucity of treatment options , there is an urgent need to develop new and effective therapies for this disabling condition .
The relatively recent appreciation that progressive disability is largely driven by neuronal loss has focused considerable research attention on neuroprotective strategies .
This has coincided with the emergence of oxidative damage as a prominent effector mechanism of axonal damage in studies of MS pathogenesis , which has opened up a new range of putative targets for neuroprotective therapy in MS .
Mitochondrial sirtuins are NAD ( + ) -dependent protein deacetylases associated with the control of metabolism , aging , and stem cell proliferation and differentiation .
Their role in inflammatory demyelinating disease has not been fully characterized , and is the subject of ongoing research .
Here , we expound the rationale behind selecting mitochondrial sirtuins as a therapeutic target in demyelinating disease , and report preliminary data that warrant further investigation .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Given the significant socioeconomic impact of progressive multiple sclerosis ( MS ) and the paucity of treatment options , there is an urgent need to develop new and effective therapies for this disabling condition .
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| Title: Food items in the food intake of children aged seven to ten years .
| | Author: Hinnigi PD Bergamaschi DP | | Journal: Rev Bras Epidemiol Citation: V : 15 P : 324-334 Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22782098 Accession (PMID): 22782098 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To describe the most representative food items regarding the total intake of energy , carbohydrates , proteins and lipids in children with ages between 7 and 10 years .
METHODS : A list was prepared with all food intake and quantities , and the diet composition in relation to energy and macronutrients was calculated .
The list was based on information provided by a 3-day-Food Diary completed by 85 schoolchildren ranging from seven to ten years old and enrolled in a public school in Sao Paulo , Brazil .
After dividing the food into 129 items , we calculated the percentage in which each item contributed to diet nutrient intake and identified those which contributed to up to 95% of the total intake of calories and selected nutrients .
RESULTS : The items "White rice , Greek rice , rice with vegetables" and "Brown , black and white beans , lentils" contributed significantly to the total intake of energy and carbohydrates .
The item "Whole milk , powdered milk" had a significant participation in the total intake of lipids , protein and energy .
We emphasize the importance of carbohydrates and energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages ( sodas and processed juices ) in the total diet intake of the children .
CONCLUSIONS : the contribution of rice in the total food intake of energy and carbohydrates ; of beans in energy , carbohydrates and proteins ; of milk and meat in energy , protein and lipids ; and bread in energy and carbohydrates is noticeable .
The participation of sugar-sweetened beverage in the total intake in energy and carbohydrates and of candies in the total intake of lipids is also evident .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The list was based on information provided by a 3-day-Food Diary completed by 85 schoolchildren ranging from seven to ten years old and enrolled in a public school in Sao Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: Dyslipidemia , statins and prostate cancer .
| | Author: Rice KR Koch MO Cheng L Masterson TA | | Journal: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther Citation: V : 12 P : 981-90 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22845413 Accession (PMID): 22845413 | | Abstract: Dyslipidemia and prostate cancer are two of the most common medical conditions affecting adult males in the USA .
In recent years , a large volume of research has focused on investigating the relationship between these two disease processes as well as the effect of the cholesterol-lowering medications , such as 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ( better known as statins ) , on the development and progression of prostate cancer .
While there is a paucity of prospective research , encouraging results have been reported in several retrospective clinical studies .
Additionally , basic science research has identified interactions between lipids and prostate cancer cells in several key areas .
This article will discuss recent clinical and basic science research examining the relationship between dyslipidemia , statins and prostate cancer .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: While there is a paucity of prospective research , encouraging results have been reported in several retrospective clinical studies .
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| Title: Aflatoxin contamination in stored rice variety PAU 201 collected from Punjab , India .
| | Author: Siruguri V Kumar PU Raghu P Rao MV Sesikeran B Toteja GS Gupta P Rao S Satyanarayana K Katoch VM Bharaj TS Mangat GS Sharma N Sandhu JS Bhargav VK Rani S | | Journal: Indian J Med Res Citation: V : 136 P : 89-97 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22885269 Accession (PMID): 22885269 | | Abstract: Background & objectives : The present study was carried out on stored rice variety PAU 201 in Punjab that was not permitted for milling and public distribution due to the presence of damaged grains at levels exceeding the regulatory limits of 4 . 75 per cent .
The aim of the study was to determine fungal and aflatoxin contamination in the rice samples to assess hazard from the presence of damaged grains .
Presence of iron in discoloured rice grains was also assessed .
Methods : Stored samples of paddy of PAU 201 rice variety were collected from six districts of Punjab , milled and analysed for presence of fungal and aflatoxin contamination .
Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) , energy dispersive X-ray ( EDX ) analysis and Prussian blue staining was used to determine fungal spores and presence of iron , respectively .
Results : Aflatoxin analysis of rice samples indicated that none exceeded the Food Safety and Standards ( Contaminants , Toxins and Residues ) Regulations , 2011 tolerance limit of 30 mug/kg and majority of the samples had levels <15 mug/kg .
The proportion of damaged grains exceeding the limit of 5 per cent was observed in 85 . 7 per cent of the samples .
SEM and Prussian blue staining and EDX analysis of black tipped and pin point damaged rice grains did not show presence of fungal structures and presence of iron .
Interpretation & conclusions : The results of the study indicated that the stored rice samples did not pose any health concern with respect to aflatoxin contamination as per the criteria laid down by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Background & objectives : The present study was carried out on stored rice variety PAU 201 in Punjab that was not permitted for milling and public distribution due to the presence of damaged grains at levels exceeding the regulatory limits of 4 . 75 per cent .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methods : Stored samples of paddy of PAU 201 rice variety were collected from six districts of Punjab , milled and analysed for presence of fungal and aflatoxin contamination .
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| Title: Nutritional needs assessment of rural agricultural migrants of southern Brazil : designing , implementing and evaluating a nutrition education program .
| | Author: Desai ID Doell AM Officiati SA Bianco AM Van Severen Y Desai MI Jansen E de Oliveira JE .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 61 ( ) P : 64-131 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2408256 Accession (PMID): 2408256 | | Abstract: A nutritional needs assessment was conducted among rural agricultural migrant women ( target group ) and children ( less than 5 years ) .
The study was conducted in Vila Diogo , a slum located on the periphery of Nuporanga , a village in Sao Paulo state , Brazil .
A nutrition education program was designed on the basis of evidence obtained from demographic/socioeconomic information of the study population and a nutritional needs assessment of women ( target group ) and children less than 5 years of age .
The nutritional needs assessment consisted of anthropometry , dietary assessment , and nutrition knowledge , attitudes , and beliefs questionnaires .
Formative and summative evaluation of the nutrition education program , using appropriately selected criteria and comparisons of nutrition knowledge scores before and after the program , were used to determine program effectiveness .
Major findings of the study were : Diets of Vila Diogo residents were generally simplistic , consisting primarily of rice , beans , and coffee with sugar .
Vila Diogo women appeared to be at a relatively high risk for vitamin A , iron , calcium , ascorbic , and riboflavin deficiencies , based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations .
Children ( 2-5 years ) appeared at high risk for vitamin A , iron , and ascorbic acid deficiencies , based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations .
All children less than 5 years of age had been breast-fed at birth , but more than one half of children had been weaned by the third month .
Infant feeding practices during fever and diarrhea were nutritionally detrimental Women generally recognized a relationship between dietary intake during pregnancy and fetal nourishment .
Using weight-for-height index , a significant number of women were probably undernourished ; a small percentage of women , however , were overweight or obese .
Although children less than 5 years of age did not generally appear malnourished , a relatively large number were stunted in growth .
Although Vila Diogo women reported many food taboos during various physiological states ( menstruation , pregnancy , immediately post partum , lactation ) , relatively few food taboos had potentially negative nutritional consequences .
For women who participated in the nutrition education program , nutrition knowledge scores after the program showed improvement which was statistically significant at alpha = 0 . 05 , using Wilcoxon signed rank test | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The study was conducted in Vila Diogo , a slum located on the periphery of Nuporanga , a village in Sao Paulo state , Brazil .
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| Title: [ Adult Culicidae mosquitoes in the irrigated culture of rice in the Vale do Ribeira , State of So Paulo , Brazil ] | | Author: Forattini OP Gomes Ade C Kakitani I | | Journal: Citation: V : 23 ( 4 ) P : 307-12 Year: 1989 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2576570 Accession (PMID): 2576570 | | Abstract: A collection of adult Culicidae was carried out during the period from May 1984 to September 1985 , in a rice field in the polder of the Experimental Station of Pariquera-A , in the Ribeira Valley ( S Paulo State , Brazil ) .
CDC miniature traps , supplemented with dry ice , were used .
A total of 2 , 686 mosquitoes were collected .
The most frequent were the Coquillettidia and Mansonia genera ( nearly 55% of the specimens caught ) .
Aedes scapularis , as an isolated species , contributed with near by 11% of the total catch .
Culex ( Melanoconion ) represented almost 24% of the mosquitoes caught .
The sequence of events involved in the flooding of rice seems be associated with the production of Coquillettidia and Mansonia . Ae . _scapularis seems to profit from the artificial ecotope represented by the irrigated rice field as a means by which to increase its adaptation to the artificial human environment .
No evidence was obtained on the association between Culex ( Melanoconion ) catches and the cultivation of the rice field .
It seems that cultivation exercises no influence on the local Anopheles and Psorophora species . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A collection of adult Culicidae was carried out during the period from May 1984 to September 1985 , in a rice field in the polder of the Experimental Station of Pariquera-A , in the Ribeira Valley ( S Paulo State , Brazil ) .
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| Title: Vitamin A status of young children in Southern Brazil .
| | Author: Favaro RM de Souza NV Batistal SM Ferriani MG Desai ID Dutra de Oliveira JE .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 43 ( 5 ) P : 852-8 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3706193 Accession (PMID): 3706193 | | Abstract: A comprehensive survey was carried out to assess the vitamin A status of preschool children of poor migrant families in the periurban population of Ribeirao Preto , a typical agricultural town in the sugarcane and coffee region of the State of Sao Paulo in Southern Brazil .
The intake of vitamin A and carotenoids from the rice and bean based diet of these children is considered low and appears to influence blood concentrations and liver reserves of this vitamin .
With respect to plasma vitamin A , 1 . 8% of the children had a deficient level ( less than 10 micrograms% ) , whereas 48 . 8% of the children had a low level ( less than 20 micrograms% ) .
Most children with inadequate plasma vitamin A ( less than 20 micrograms% ) responded positively to a massive dose of 200 , 000 IU vitamin A , suggesting that these children may be at risk of having low liver stores of vitamin A Rose Bengal staining test and rapid dark adaptation time did not indicate definite signs of conjunctival xerosis and night blindness among these children .
No ocular evidence of hypovitaminosis A was found in the children studied , but marginal or inadequate vitamin A status appears to be a common public health problem among young children in this region of Brazil .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A comprehensive survey was carried out to assess the vitamin A status of preschool children of poor migrant families in the periurban population of Ribeirao Preto , a typical agricultural town in the sugarcane and coffee region of the State of Sao Paulo in Southern Brazil .
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| Title: Differentiation between Xanthomonas campestris pv . oryzae , Xanthomonas campestris pv . oryzicola and the bacterial brown blotch pathogen on rice by numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electrophoregrams .
| | Author: Vera Cruz CM Gossel F Kersters K Segers P Van den Mooter M Swings J De Ley J | | Journal: J Gen . Microbiol . Citation: V : 130 ( 11 ) P : 2983-99 Year: 1984 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6084704 Accession (PMID): 6084704 | | Abstract: Thirty-five Xanthomonas campestris pv . oryzae , fourteen X campestris pv . oryzicola strains and six brown blotch pathogens of rice , all of different geographical origin , were studied by numerical analysis of 133 phenotype features and gel electrophoregrams of soluble proteins , %G + C determinations and DNA : rRNA hybridizations .
The following conclusions were drawn .
( i ) The Xanthomonas campestris pathovars oryzae and oryzicola display clearly distinct protein patterns on polyacrylamide gels and can be differentiated from each other by four phenotype tests .
( ii ) Both pathovars are indeed members of Xanthomonas which belongs to a separate rRNA branch of the second rRNA superfamily together with the rRNA branches of Pseudomonas fluorescens , Marinomonas , Azotobacter , Azomonas and Frateuria .
( iii ) Brown blotch strains are considerably different from X campestris pv . oryzae and oryzicola .
They are not members of the genus Xanthomonas , but are more related to the generically misnamed .
Flavobacterium capsulatum , Pseudomonas paucimobilis , Flavobacterium devorans and Pseudomonas azotocolligans belonging in the fourth rRNA superfamily .
( iv ) No correlation was found between the virulence , pathogenic groups or geographical distribution of X campestris pv . oryzae or oryzicola strains and any phenotypic or protein electrophoretic property or clustering . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Flavobacterium capsulatum , Pseudomonas paucimobilis , Flavobacterium devorans and Pseudomonas azotocolligans belonging in the fourth rRNA superfamily .
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| Title: Food habits and nutritional status of agricultural migrant workers in Southern Brazil .
| | Author: Desai ID Garcia Tavares ML Dutra de Oliveira BS Douglas A Duarte FA Dutra de Oliveira JE .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 33 ( 3 ) P : 702-14 Year: 1980 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7355851 Accession (PMID): 7355851 | | Abstract: A new class of migrant workers , commonly known as "Boia-Frias" , is rapidly growing in the periurban slumbs ( favelas ) of Brazil .
In 1978 a collaborative study was undertaken to assess the food habits and nutritional status of 100 migrant worker families of Vila Recreio , a typical Boia-Fria settlement near Ribeirao Preto in the state of Sao Paulo .
The findings of this survey revealed that the traditional diet of Boia-Frias is nutritionally inadequate both in quality and quantity .
Their rice and bean-based diet lacks sufficient variety because of the infrequent use of fresh fruits and vegetables , which are available locally , and of supplemental amounts of protein-rich foods of animal origin .
Empty-calorie foods such as carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages are consumed freely ; and starchy foods , traditionally used in the North and Northeast of Brazil , are used commonly as weaning foods .
Although dietary practices of pregnant and lactating women are poor , breast-feeding is still practiced by most mothers .
The biochemical analysis of blood samples did not indicate major subclinical deficiencies except low hematological values and low plasma vitamin A concentrations in about 25% of the population examined .
Plasma cholesterol and plasma vitamin E values were found to be normal However , anthropometric examinations revealed celar signs of malnutrition and/or undernourishment , which likely impairs their capacity for physical work and adversely affects their overall health .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In 1978 a collaborative study was undertaken to assess the food habits and nutritional status of 100 migrant worker families of Vila Recreio , a typical Boia-Fria settlement near Ribeirao Preto in the state of Sao Paulo .
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| Title: Genetic variability in Gibberella fujikuroi and some related species of the genus Fusarium based on random amplification of polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) .
| | Author: Voigt K Schleier S BrEkner B | | Journal: Curr . Genet . Citation: V : 27 ( 6 ) P : 528-35 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7553937 Accession (PMID): 7553937 | | Abstract: One of the most important rice pathogens is Fusarium moniliforme ( perfect stage : Gibberella fujikuroi ) , the causal agent of the super-elongation ( "bakanae" ) disease .
Thirty-seven strains of this species from different geographical regions were analyzed for their ability to produce gibberellins ( GA ) and for genetic relatedness by random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) .
All GA-producing isolates showed nearly identical RAPD patterns using 51 oligonucleotide nona and deca-mers as arbitrary primers .
On the other hand , large differences between GA-nonproducing isolates were obtained .
Comparison of the RAPD patterns with those of the tester strains of the six known mating populations ( A , B , C , D , E , F ) of G fujikuroi showed that all producer strains belong to mating population C and all nonproducer isolates to other mating populations .
Evidence for the usefulness of the RAPD technique to distinguish between mating populations was provided by sexual crossings .
Consensus phylogenetic trees based on RAPDs were constructed by the Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony ( PAUP ) system .
In combination with morphological analysis , RAPD can distinguish between different species of the genus Fusarium .
These investigations may find an application in the diagnosis of unknown Fusarium spp . and in distinguishing isolates of G fujikuroi within the section Liseola .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Consensus phylogenetic trees based on RAPDs were constructed by the Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony ( PAUP ) system .
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| Title: Phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species : an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal DNA in monocots .
| | Author: Hsiao C Chatterton NJ Asay KH Jensen KB .
| | Journal: Genome Citation: V : 37 ( 1 ) P : 112-20 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8181731 Accession (PMID): 8181731 | | Abstract: Entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ( ITSs ) and 5 . 8S subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA ( nrDNA ) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplified DNA fragments .
These sequences from subfamily Pooideae ( Triticum aestivum , Crithodium monococcum , Sitopsis speltoides , Hordeum vulgare , Secale montanum , Avena longiglumis , Bromus inermis , Brachypodium distachyon ) and subfamily Panicoideae ( Sorghum bicolor ) together with published ITS sequence of rice ( Oryza sativa , Bambusoideae ) were analyzed using Wagner parsimony ( PAUP ) and the neighbor-joining distance method to assess the phylogenetic utility of ITS sequences at various taxonomic levels .
Among the aligned sequences that ranged from 588 to 603 nucleotides in length , 118 of 269 variable sites contained potential phylogenetic information .
A member of Bromus , B inermis , was the sister taxon to the Triticeae species .
Brachypodium was more distantly related to Triticeae than was Bromus or Avena .
These data , with Oryza sativa as the outgroup , indicate monophyly of the Pooideae species and of the members of the tribe Triticeae within Pooideae .
Phylogenetic trees of the 10 grass species generated from the ITS sequence data were in general agreement with phylogenies based on molecular data from ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) and chloroplast DNA ( cpDNA ) of similar grass taxa .
This study reaffirms that sequences of the ITS region are useful for phylogenetic inference among closely related monocot species . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: These sequences from subfamily Pooideae ( Triticum aestivum , Crithodium monococcum , Sitopsis speltoides , Hordeum vulgare , Secale montanum , Avena longiglumis , Bromus inermis , Brachypodium distachyon ) and subfamily Panicoideae ( Sorghum bicolor ) together with published ITS sequence of rice ( Oryza sativa , Bambusoideae ) were analyzed using Wagner parsimony ( PAUP ) and the neighbor-joining distance method to assess the phylogenetic utility of ITS sequences at various taxonomic levels .
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| Title: Phylogenetic diversity of phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms .
| | Author: Namba S Oyaizu H Kato S Iwanami S Tsuchizaki T | | Journal: Int .
J Syst Bacteriol .
Citation: V : 43 ( 3 ) P : 461-7 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8347505 Accession (PMID): 8347505 | | Abstract: By using specific primers , the 16S rRNA genes of Japanese mycoplasmalike organisms ( MLOs ) were amplified by polymerase chain reactions from MLO-enriched fractions of plants infected with each of six different MLOs .
Each of the polymerase chain reaction fragments ( length , 1 , 370 nucleotides ) was directly sequenced in both strands by using 17 oligonucleotide primers .
A phylogenetic tree constructed by using the sequence data showed that these Japanese MLOs are phylogenetically diverse microorganisms that fall into three groups , group I ( onion yellows , tomato yellows , mulberry dwarf , and paulownia witches broom MLOs ) , group II ( tsuwabuki witches broom MLO ) , and group III ( rice yellow dwarf MLO ) .
A high level of sequence homology ( 99% ) between the Oenothera hookeri MLO and the severe strain of the western aster yellows MLO on the one hand and group I MLOs on the other indicates that the O hookeri MLO and the severe strain of the western aster yellows MLO belong to group I and suggests that these MLOs , isolated from two geographically separated locations , descended from a very similar ancestor .
Although group I contains phylogenetically identical MLOs , the organisms are transmitted by diverse insect vectors .
The three MLO groups are more closely related to Acholeplasma laidlawii than to Mycoplasma gallisepticum .
Thus , although MLOs are phylogenetically diverse , they are evolutionarily distant from other mollicutes .
These data , together with other information ( including phylogenetic relationships , vector specificity , plant-pathogenic properties , and habitat in plant phloem sieve tubes ) , suggest that MLOs could be classified into at least three phylogenetic groups ( groups I through III ) .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: A phylogenetic tree constructed by using the sequence data showed that these Japanese MLOs are phylogenetically diverse microorganisms that fall into three groups , group I ( onion yellows , tomato yellows , mulberry dwarf , and paulownia witches broom MLOs ) , group II ( tsuwabuki witches broom MLO ) , and group III ( rice yellow dwarf MLO ) .
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| Title: The isolation of a novel metallothionein-related cDNA expressed in somatic and zygotic embryos of Douglas-fir : regulation by ABA , osmoticum , and metal ions .
| | Author: Chatthai M Kaukinen KH Tranbarger TJ Gupta PK Misra S | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 34 ( 2 ) P : 243-54 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9207840 Accession (PMID): 9207840 | | Abstract: To isolate genes which are expressed preferentially during embryogenesis , a Douglas-fir embryogenesis cDNA library was constructed and differentially screened with cDNA probes made with mRNA from developing and mature embryos , respectively .
The cDNA clone PM 2 . 1 was isolated based on its abundance in developing seeds and absence in mature seeds , and its predicted amino acid sequence was shown to have structural features characteristic of plant MT-like proteins .
Alignment of the PM 2 . 1 predicted amino acid sequence with other plant MT-like protein sequences revealed a general paucity of Cys and Cys-Xaa-Cys sequences and the presence of novel serine residues within the conserved Cys-Xaa-Cys motifs in the C-terminal domain .
The consensus sequence following the Cys-poor spacer in type 2 MT-like proteins , CXCXXXCXCXXCXCX , was modified in PM 2 . 1 to CXSXXXSXYXX-XCX .
Phylogenetic analysis supported PM 2 . 1 was distinct from other MT and grouped with MT-like proteins from Arabidopsis ( OEST ) , rice ( AEST ) and kiwifruit ( AD1 ) , which do not belong to type 1 or 2 .
The PM 2 . 1 gene was expressed in somatic and zygotic embryos , in haploid maternal it issue , as well as in hormone and metal-treated seeds and seedlings .
The PM 2 . 1 transcripts were detected in the needles of 14-week-old seedlings , but not the root it issue or mature pollen .
The expression of the PM 2 . 1 gene in embryos was dependent upon ABA and osmoticum and in seedlings was differentially modulated by metals , suggesting a role of the PM 2 . 1 gene product in the control of microelement availability during Douglas-fir seed development and germination .
The novel structural features , and the developmental , hormonal and metal modulation of PM 2 . 1 expression , are evidence for a new type of MT-related protein in plants .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alignment of the PM 2 . 1 predicted amino acid sequence with other plant MT-like protein sequences revealed a general paucity of Cys and Cys-Xaa-Cys sequences and the presence of novel serine residues within the conserved Cys-Xaa-Cys motifs in the C-terminal domain .
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| Title: [ Polyneuropathy deficiency among Xavante indians ] | | Author: Vieira Filho JP Oliveira AS da Silva MR Amaral AL Schultz RR .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 43 ( 1 ) P : 82-8 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9224999 Accession (PMID): 9224999 | | Abstract: The authors present two cases of polyneuropathy deficiency among Xavante indians where the sole food was rice in case 1 and almost so in case 2 .
The rice consumed by these indians was processed or hulled .
Intoxication by cyanide from maniot or other vegetable was excluded .
CASE REPORT : Two indians aged 18 and 25 years with a progressive history of weaness , decrease in muscular force and thinning were observed in their villages .
On removal to the Hospital So Paulo , atrophy of the distal musculature of the upper and lower limbs , motor deficit distally with zero degree in the flexor musculature , abolished deep reflexes , plantar cutaneous reflex without response bilaterally , decreased tactile , painful and pallesthetic sensitivity distally in the lower limbs were noted on neurological examination of case 1 .
On neurological examination of case 2 proximal hyporeflexia in the upper limbs , areflexia in the distal portions of the upper and lower limbs , tactile and painful hypoesthesia in the feet , right hypoacousis were noted .
Electromyography showed abnormalities compatible with symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy with an axonal demyelination pattern in case 1 and predominantly demyelinizing in case 2 .
Cerebrospinal fluid tests were normal DISCUSSION : Polyneuropathy was characterized by the clinical history and by neurological , electromyographic and cerebrospinal fluid tests .
The diagnosis of polyneuropathy deficiency was established by the clinical history and by electromyography suggesting peripheral polyneuropathy of nutritional origin .
This neuropathy deficiency does not fit myeloneuropathies such as ataxic tropical neuropathy , spastic paraparesis and Cuba neuropathy .
CONCLUSION : The Xavante polyneuropathy deficiency is caused by thiamine ( vitamin B1 ) deficiency , that is dry beriberi , owing to consumption of industrially processed rice as sole or almost sole food .
The Xavante polyneuropathy is different from the neuropathy observed among Kreen-Akrore indians and from that of adolescent indians in the Xingu Park .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: On removal to the Hospital So Paulo , atrophy of the distal musculature of the upper and lower limbs , motor deficit distally with zero degree in the flexor musculature , abolished deep reflexes , plantar cutaneous reflex without response bilaterally , decreased tactile , painful and pallesthetic sensitivity distally in the lower limbs were noted on neurological examination of case 1 .
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| Title: Dietary patterns in Japanese migrants to southeastern Brazil and their descendants .
| | Author: Cardoso MA Hamada GS de Souza JM Tsugane S Tokudome S | | Journal: Citation: V : 7 ( 4 ) P : 198-204 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9465543 Accession (PMID): 9465543 | | Abstract: This paper describes the dietary patterns of people of Japanese ancestry living in So Paulo , Brazil .
Two cross-sectional surveys using a food frequency questionnaire ( in 1989 and 1995 ) and self-administered three-day food record ( only in 1995 ) were carried out in randomly chosen first-generation ( Japan-born ) and second-generation ( Brazil-born ) Japanese living in the city of So Paulo ( n = 166 ) , aged 40-69 years at the time of the first survey ( 1989 ) .
Daily intake of rice , bread , milk , fruits and coffee , and infrequent consumption of pork , green tea , black tea , tsukemono ( pickled vegetables ) , seaweed and mushrooms were reported .
The mean ( +/- standard deviation ) daily proportions of energy from fat among Japan-born participants were 27 . 2 +/- 6 . 7% for men and 26 . 2 +/- 6 . 7% for women .
The respective figures for Brazil-born Japanese were 30 . 1 +/- 7 . 4% and 29 . 5 +/- 6 . 4% .
These values were quite close to recent estimates for the general Brazilian population in metropolitan areas ( about 30% ) , but seem to be higher than available data from Japan ( 25 . 3% ) .
Dietary changes in this migrant population are discussed with focus on nutrients currently implicated in the etiology of major chronic diseases .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: This paper describes the dietary patterns of people of Japanese ancestry living in So Paulo , Brazil .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two cross-sectional surveys using a food frequency questionnaire ( in 1989 and 1995 ) and self-administered three-day food record ( only in 1995 ) were carried out in randomly chosen first-generation ( Japan-born ) and second-generation ( Brazil-born ) Japanese living in the city of So Paulo ( n = 166 ) , aged 40-69 years at the time of the first survey ( 1989 ) .
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| Title: Changes in food consumption in Brazil .
| | Author: de Oliveira SP .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 47 ( 2 Suppl 1 ) P : 22-4 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9659413 Accession (PMID): 9659413 | | Abstract: Changes in eating habits have occurred in the last decades in several countries associated to demographic , economic , social and epidemiologic factors .
In Brazil , the available data about food consumption are the result of Family Budget Surveys undertaken by Getlio Vargas Foundation and IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) in 1961/1963 and 1987/88 , respectively , and the National Study of Family Expenditure ( ENDEF ) , carried out by IBGE during 1974/75 .
They reveal as principal tendencies the decreasing consumption of staple foodstuffs ( beans , rice , manioc flour ) , pork meat , lard and butter , the replacement of bovine meat for chicken , and the increase in the consumption of eggs , milk products and vegetable oils .
Based on these surveys , the intake of macronutrients in urban areas showed a decrease of carbohydrate and an increase of fat contribution as sources of calories , an increase in the consumption of animal protein in detriment of vegetable protein , and substitution of animal fats for vegetable fats .
It was also observed an increase in the use of industrialized foodstuffs , directly related to income , leading to a greater diversity of foodstuffs and lower consumption of staple foods .
Recent studies with adult and elderly population from the city of So Paulo show a reduction in the consumption of fatty and fried foods and sugar , and an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables because of health concern .
Studies that take into account the verified changes in eating habits and the new consumption tendencies , as well as their impact on nutritional and health conditions of the Brazilian urban population , are presently needed .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent studies with adult and elderly population from the city of So Paulo show a reduction in the consumption of fatty and fried foods and sugar , and an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables because of health concern .
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| Title: Comparison of selenium status between Japanese living in Tokyo and Japanese brazilians in So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Karita K Hamada GS Tsugane S | | Journal: Citation: V : 10 ( 3 ) P : 197-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11708308 Accession (PMID): 11708308 | | Abstract: Selenium ( Se ) concentrations were determined in human serum , rice and wheat flour sampled in the city of So Paulo , Brazil , and compared with those sampled in Tokyo . Japan . Serum levels of Se were significantly lower in Japanese Brazilians than Japanese living in Tokyo .
The samples of rice consumed by Japanese Brazilians in So Paulo contained 22 . 7 ng Se/g on average , which was about half the selenium level in rice consumed in Tokyo .
Rice commonly consumed in So Paulo might be one of the factors to lower the serum level of Se . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of selenium status between Japanese living in Tokyo and Japanese brazilians in So Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and proteoglycan synthesis rates in young rats : a comparative study between the regional diet of So Paulo state and casein diets .
| | Author: Cardoso MA Tirapegui JO .
| | Journal: Braz .
J Med . Biol . Res . Citation: V : 25 ( 10 ) P : 1009-13 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub1342821 Accession (PMID): 1342821 | | Abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) , also known as somatomedin-C , is an important mediator of growth regulation .
Serum concentrations of IGF-I and proteoglycan synthesis rates in the tibial epiphysis , an estimate of the biological response to IGF-I in a target it issue , were compared in weanling Wistar rats fed ad libitum ( group 1 ) and with 50% restriction ( group 2 ) with the regional diet of So Paulo State ( RDSPS--a mean diet consumed by low-income families with rice , beans , sugar , meat , milk , fruits and other vegetables ) and in pair-fed animals fed with casein diets ( groups 3 and 4 ) .
Data are reported as mean +/- SD for 8 rats in each group .
Proteoglycan synthesis rates ( cpm/mg ) were significantly higher in rats fed with the RDSPS-based diet ( groups 1 and 2 : 210 . 8 +/- 58 . 8 , 136 . 6 +/- 17 . 6 ) than in pair-fed animals fed with an 11% casein diet ( groups 3 and 4 : 62 . 9 +/- 11 . 6 , 37 . 7 +/- 13 . 7 ) and in control animals fed ad libitum with a 20% casein diet ( group 5 : 58 . 1 +/- 22 . 7 ) .
Furthermore , these rates were higher in animals fed ad libitum than in those fed with the same diets but with 50% restriction .
However , similar differences between groups 1 to 4 were not observed in serum concentrations ( ng/100 microliters ) of IGF-I ( group 1 : 44 . 1 +/- 7 . 1 ; group 2 : 40 . 8 +/- 3 . 8 ; group 3 : 46 . 0 +/- 3 . 6 ; group 4 : 41 . 6 +/- 3 . 4 , and group 5 : 63 . 2 +/- 7 . 8 ) .
These results suggest that serum IGF-I levels are not reliable indicators of IGF-I status in this experimental model .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and proteoglycan synthesis rates in young rats : a comparative study between the regional diet of So Paulo state and casein diets .
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| Title: Lifestyle factors associated with atrophic gastritis among Helicobacter pylori-seropositive Japanese-Brazilians in So Paulo .
| | Author: Ito LS Oba-Shinjo SM Marie SK Uno M Shinjo SK Hamajima N Tajima K Tominaga S | | Journal: Int .
J Clin . Oncol . Citation: V : 8 ( 6 ) P : 362-8 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14663638 Accession (PMID): 14663638 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Studies of lifestyle factors related to gastric atrophy development in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals are limited .
The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between lifestyle factors and serum pepsinogens ( PGs ) among anti H pylori antibody-seropositive Japanese in Brazil , where gastric cancer mortality was reported to be as high as in Japanese in Japan , and seropositive individuals were still frequently detected .
METHODS : The subjects were 291 seropositive individuals ( 129 males and 162 females ; age , 30 to 69 years ) out of 656 Japanese-Brazilian volunteers in So Paulo city .
Information on lifestyle factors was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire .
Atrophic gastritis was defined as a PG1 serum level less than 70 ng/ml and PG1/PG2 ratio less than 3 .
RESULTS : The prevalence of atrophic gastritis was 31 . 9% ( 95% confidence intervals , 26 . 6%-37 . 6% ) .
The proportion of subjects with atrophic gastritis increased with age , but there were no significantly marked differences in the proportions of subjects with atrophic gastritis among the three generations studied ( first generation [ Issei ] , second generation [ Nisei ] , and third generation [ Sansei ] ) for any 10-year age group .
The associations with smoking and alcohol drinking were not significant .
Length of education was inversely associated with gastric atrophy , while infrequent rice intake was preventive ; the odds ratio relative to everyday rice intake was 0 . 13 ( 95% confidence intervals , 0 . 39-0 . 46 ) on multivariate analysis .
CONCLUSIONS : The present study demonstrated that frequent rice intake was a risk factor for atrophic gastritis among the H pylori-infected Japanese-Brazilians , suggesting that diet including rice plays a role in the step from H pylori infection to gastric atrophy . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lifestyle factors associated with atrophic gastritis among Helicobacter pylori-seropositive Japanese-Brazilians in So Paulo .
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| Title: Pathogen-specific risk factors and protective factors for acute diarrheal illness in children aged 12-59 months in So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Sobel J Gomes TA Ramos RT Hoekstra M Rodrigue D Rassi V Griffin PM .
| | Journal: Clin . Infect . Dis . Citation: V : 38 ( 11 ) P : 1545-51 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15156440 Accession (PMID): 15156440 | | Abstract: Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Latin America .
Most studies have focused on infants but not on older children .
We enrolled 505 children ( age , 12-59 months ) with diarrhea and age-matched controls in a case-control study in Sao Paulo , Brazil .
Independent risk factors for diarrhea included another household member with diarrhea ( matched odds ratio [ mOR ] , 8 . 1 ; attributable fraction [ AF ] , 0 . 17 ; P< . 001 ) and consumption of homemade juice ( mOR , 1 . 8 ; AF , 0 . 10 ; P= . 01 ) ; protective factors included boiling of the baby bottle or nipple ( mOR , 0 . 60 ; AF , 0 . 19 ; P= . 026 ) , childcare at home ( mOR , 0 . 58 ; AF , 0 . 12 ; P= . 004 ) , and piped sewage ( mOR , 0 . 58 ; AF , 0 . 05 ; P= . 047 ) .
Hand washing by the caretaker after helping the child defecate protected against Shigella infection ( mOR , 0 . 35 ; P< . 05 ) .
Preparation of rice , beans , or soup in the morning and serving it to children after noon were associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection ( mOR , 8 . 0 ; P< . 05 ) .
In these poor households , 28% of cases of diarrhea in 1-4-year-old children was attributable to easily modifiable exposures .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pathogen-specific risk factors and protective factors for acute diarrheal illness in children aged 12-59 months in So Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: Anopheles albitarsis s . l .
( Diptera : Culicidae ) survivorship and density in a rice irrigation area of the state of So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Dos Santos RL Forattini OP Burattini MN .
| | Journal: J Med . Entomol . Citation: V : 41 ( 5 ) P : 997-1000 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15535635 Accession (PMID): 15535635 | | Abstract: Collections of Anopheles albitarsis Arribalzaga s . l . were conducted from May 1996 to June 2000 to estimate the human biting rate , and mark-release-recapture experiments were carried out to estimate the daily survival probability .
The density of An . albitarsis females showed a marked seasonal variation , with peaks as high as 629 individuals per human per night in the wet season .
The low daily survival probability of 0 . 61 is an important factor limiting the vectorial capacity of An . albitarsis s . l . in southeastern Brazil . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: ( Diptera : Culicidae ) survivorship and density in a rice irrigation area of the state of So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Identification of dietary patterns using factor analysis in an epidemiological study in So Paulo .
| | Author: Marchioni DM Latorre Mdo R Eluf-Neto J WEsch-Filho V Fisberg RM .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 123 ( 3 ) P : 124-7 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16021275 Accession (PMID): 16021275 | | Abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE : Diet and nutrition are environmental factors in health/disease relationships .
From the epidemiological viewpoint , diet represents a complex set of highly correlated exposures .
Our objective was to identify patterns of food intake in a group of individuals living in So Paulo , and to develop objective dietary measurements for epidemiological purposes .
DESIGN AND LOCAL : Exploratory factor analysis of data in a case-control study in seven teaching hospitals in So Paulo .
METHODS : The participants were 517 patients ( 260 oral cancer cases and 257 controls ) admitted to the study hospitals between November 1998 and March 2001 .
The weekly intake frequencies for dairy products , cereals , meat , processed meat , vegetables , pulses , fruits and sweets were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire .
Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis , based on the intake of the eight food groups , using principal component analysis as an extraction method followed by varimax rotation .
RESULTS : Factor analysis identified three patterns that accounted for 55% of the total variability within the sample .
The first pattern ( "prudent" ) was characterized by vegetable , fruit and meat intake ; the second ( "traditional" ) by cereals ( mainly rice ) and pulses ( mainly beans ) ; and the third ( "snacks" ) by dairy products and processed meat .
CONCLUSION : This study identified food intake patterns through an a posteriori approach .
Such analysis may be useful for nutritional intervention programs and , after computing scores for each individual according to the patterns identified , for establishing a relationship between diet and other epidemiological measurements of interest | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Identification of dietary patterns using factor analysis in an epidemiological study in So Paulo .
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| Title: Chemical constituents of rice ( Oryza sativa ) hulls and their herbicidal activity against duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 ) .
| | Author: Chung IM Ali M Ahmad A Lim JD Yu CY Kim JS .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 17 ( 1 ) P : 36-45 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16454475 Accession (PMID): 16454475 | | Abstract: Four new compounds , stigmastanol-3beta-p-glyceroxydihydrocoumaroate ( 1 ) , stigmastanol-3beta-p-butanoxydihydrocoumaroate ( 2 ) , lanast-7 , 9 ( 11 ) -dien-3alpha , 15alpha-diol-3alpha-D-glucofuranoside ( 3 ) and 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-3 , 7-dimethyl-11-aldehydic-tetradecane-2-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ) , along with several known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of hulls of Oryza sativa .
The new structures were established by one and two-dimensional NMR and in combination with IR , EI/MS , FAB/MS and HR-FAB/ MS .
Compound ( 3 ) strongly inhibited the growth of duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 ) , whilst compounds ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) exhibited weak inhibition . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chemical constituents of rice ( Oryza sativa ) hulls and their herbicidal activity against duckweed ( Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381 ) .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Trichoderma theobromicola and T paucisporum : two new species isolated from cacao in South America .
| | Author: Samuels GJ Suarez C Solis K Holmes KA Thomas SE Ismaiel A Evans HC .
| | Journal: Mycol . Res . Citation: V : 110 ( Pt 4 ) P : 381-92 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16621496 Accession (PMID): 16621496 | | Abstract: Trichoderma theobromicola and T paucisporum spp . nov . are described .
Trichoderma theobromicola was isolated as an endophyte from the trunk of a healthy cacao tree ( Theobroma cacao , Malvaceae ) in Amazonian Peru ; it sporulates profusely on common mycological media .
Trichoderma paucisporum is represented by two cultures that were obtained in Ecuador from cacao pods partially infected with frosty pod rot , Moniliophthora roreri ; it sporulates sporadically and most cultures remain sterile on common media and autoclaved rice .
It sporulates more reliably on synthetic low-nutrient agar ( SNA ) but produces few conidia .
Trichoderma theobromicola was reintroduced into cacao seedlings through shoot inoculation and was recovered from stems but not from leaves , indicating that it is an endophytic species .
Both produced a volatile/diffusable antibiotic that inhibited development of M roreri in vitro and on-pod trials .
Neither species demonstrated significant direct in vitro mycoparasitic activity against M roreri .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trichoderma theobromicola and T paucisporum : two new species isolated from cacao in South America .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Dietary patterns and risk of oral cancer : a case-control study in So Paulo , Brazil .
| | Author: Marchioni DM Fisberg RM Francisco de Gis Filho J Kowalski LP Brasilino de Carvalho M Abraho M Latorre Mdo R Eluf-Neto J WEsch Filho V | | Journal: Citation: V : 41 ( 1 ) P : 19-26 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17273630 Accession (PMID): 17273630 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To analyze the association between dietary patterns and oral cancer .
METHODS : The study , part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study , was conducted in So Paulo , Southeastern Brazil , between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls , frequency-matched with cases by sex and age .
Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire .
The risk associated with the intake of food groups defined a posteriori , through factor analysis ( called factors ) , was assessed .
The first factor , labeled "prudent , " was characterized by the intake of vegetables , fruit , cheese , and poultry .
The second factor , "traditional , " consisted of the intake of rice , pasta , pulses , and meat .
The third factor , "snacks , " was characterized as the intake of bread , butter , salami , cheese , cakes , and desserts .
The fourth , "monotonous , " was inversely associated with the intake of fruit , vegetables and most other food items .
Factor scores for each component retained were calculated for cases and controls .
After categorization of factor scores into tertiles according to the distribution of controls , odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression .
RESULTS : "Traditional" factor showed an inverse association with cancer ( OR=0 . 51 ; 95% CI : 0 . 32 ; 0 . 81 , p-value for trend 0 . 14 ) , whereas "monotonous" was positively associated with the outcome ( OR=1 . 78 ; 95% CI : 1 . 78 ; 2 . 85 , p-value for trend <0 . 001 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : The study data suggest that the traditional Brazilian diet , consisting of rice and beans plus moderate amounts of meat , may confer protection against oral cancer , independently of any other risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Dietary patterns and risk of oral cancer : a case-control study in So Paulo , Brazil .
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| Title: [ Dietary factors and oral cancer : a case-control study in Greater Metropolitan So Paulo , Brazil ] | | Author: Marchioni DM Fisberg RM Gis Filho JF Kowalski LP Carvalho MB Abraho M Latorre Mdo R Eluf Neto J WEsch-Filho V | | Journal: Citation: V : 23 ( 3 ) P : 553-64 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17334570 Accession (PMID): 17334570 | | Abstract: Dietary factors associated with oral cancer were investigated in a case-control hospital-based study in the city of So Paulo , Brazil , from 1998 to 2002 .
A total of 835 subjects , 366 with histologically confirmed incident cases of oral-cavity or pharyngeal cancer and 469 controls participated in the study .
Dietary data were collected with a food frequency questionnaire ( FFQ ) .
Odds ratios ( OR ) and 95% confidence intervals ( 95%CI ) were obtained from unconditional logistic regression , adjusted for potential confounders .
Inverse associations with risk of oral cancer were found for the highest intake of beans , OR = 0 . 37 ( 95%CI : 0 . 22-0 . 64 ) , raw vegetables , OR = 0 . 51 ( 95%CI : 0 . 29-0 . 93 ) and the intermediate tertile of rice and pasta intake , OR = 0 . 56 ( 95%CI : 0 . 38-0 . 83 ) .
Positive associations were observed for the highest intake of eggs , OR = 1 . 84 ( 95%CI : 1 . 23-2 . 75 ) , potatoes , OR = 2 . 22 ( 95%CI : 1 . 53-3 . 25 ) , and milk , OR= 1 . 80 ( 95%CI : 1 . 09-2 . 98 ) .
Some traditional Brazilian foods like rice and beans emerged as protective factors against oral cancer , independently of other risk factors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Dietary factors and oral cancer : a case-control study in Greater Metropolitan So Paulo , Brazil ]
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| Title: Expression and characterization of rice putative PAUSED gene .
| | Author: Yao C Ge L Li W Zhao B Li C Ruan K Lin H Jin Y | | Journal: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin ( Shanghai ) Citation: V : 40 P : 893-900 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18850055 Accession (PMID): 18850055 | | Abstract: In Arabidopsis , PAUSED ( PSD ) encodes the ortholog of los1p/exportin-t , which mediates the nuclear export of transfer RNA ( tRNA ) in yeast and mammals .
However , in monocot plants such as rice , knowledge of the corresponding ortholog is limited , and its effects on growth development and productivity remain unknown .
In this study , we verified a rice transfer-DNA insertional mutant psd line and analyzed its phenotypes ; the mutant displayed severe morphological defects including retarded development and low fertility compared with wild-type rice .
Examining intronless tRNA-Tyr and intron-containing pre-tRNA-Ala expression levels in cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction with Northern blot analysis between wild-type and mutant leaf it issue suggested that rice PSD might be involved in tRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm .
Additionally , reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSD transcript was expressed throughout normal rice plant development , and subcellular localization assays showed that rice PSD protein was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm .
In summary , our data implied that the putative PSD gene might be indispensable for normal rice development and its function might be the same as that of Arabidopsis PSD .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression and characterization of rice putative PAUSED gene .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
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| Title: Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp . nov . , isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms .
| | Author: Ueki A Abe K Ohtaki Y Kaku N Watanabe K Ueki K | | Journal: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol Citation: V : 61 P : 448-53 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20348319 Accession (PMID): 20348319 | | Abstract: A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain ( WK042 ( T ) ) was isolated from rice-straw residue in a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms in Japan .
Cells were Gram-staining-negative , non-motile , non-spore-forming rods .
Growth was stimulated well by haemin , and was enhanced by cobalamin ( vitamin B ( 12 ) ) .
Strain WK042 ( T ) utilized arabinose , xylose , glucose , mannose and aesculin as preferred substrates .
Maltose , dextrin , glycogen , starch and pectin were also utilized , although growth on these substrates was much slower .
The strain produced acetate , propionate and succinate from these saccharides .
The strain was slightly alkaliphilic , with optimum growth at pH 7 . 7 .
The temperature range for growth was 10-40 degrees C , the optimum being 35 degrees C The strain was sensitive to bile .
The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C ( 15 : 0 ) , iso-C ( 17 : 0 ) 3-OH and C ( 15 : 0 ) .
Menaquinone 11 ( MK-11 ) was the major respiratory quinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 41 . 0 mol% .
Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the strain in the phylum Bacteroidetes .
Strain WK042 ( T ) was related distantly to the type strains of species in the cluster including Bacteroides massiliensis , Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei ( 91-92 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity ) .
Based on data from the present phylogenetic , physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses , strain WK042 ( T ) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacteroides , for which the name Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp . nov . is proposed .
The type strain is WK042 ( T ) ( =JCM 15092 ( T ) =DSM 21004 ( T ) ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus sp . nov . , isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms .
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| Title: An efficient and reproducible method for regeneration of whole plants from mature seeds of a high yielding Indica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) variety PAU 201 .
| | Author: Wani SH Sanghera GS Gosal SS | | Journal: N Biotechnol Citation: V : 28 P : 418-22 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21352959 Accession (PMID): 21352959 | | Abstract: Tissue culture is one of the tools necessary for genetic engineering and many other breeding programs .
Moreover , selection of high regenerating rice varieties is a pre-requisite for success in rice biotechnology .
In this report we established a reproducible plant regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis .
The explants used for regeneration were embryogenic calli derived from mature seeds cultured on callus induction media .
For callus induction mature seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose combined with 560 mg/l proline and 1 . 5-3 . 5 mg/l 2 , 4-D and 0 . 5-1 . 5 mg/l Kin .
For plant regeneration , embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose , supplemented with 1 . 0-3 . 0 mg/l BAP , 0 . 5-1 . 5 mg/l Kin and 0 . 5-1 . 5 mg/l NAA .
The highest frequency of callus induction ( 44 . 4% ) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 2 . 5 mg/l 2 , 4-D , 0 . 5 mg/l Kin , 560 mg/l proline and 30 g/l sucrose .
The highest frequency of shoot regeneration ( 42 . 5% ) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 2 . 0 mg/l BAP , 0 . 5 mg/l NAA and 0 . 5 mg/l Kin .
The plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil in earthen pots .
The developed method was highly reproducible .
The in vitro developed plants showed normal growth and flowering under glasshouse conditions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: An efficient and reproducible method for regeneration of whole plants from mature seeds of a high yielding Indica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) variety PAU 201 .
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| Title: Paul Mead Doty ( 1920-2011 ) .
| | Author: Rice SA Haselkorn R | | Journal: Nature Citation: V : 481 P : 266 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22258598 Accession (PMID): 22258598 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Paul Mead Doty ( 1920-2011 ) .
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| Title: Aflatoxin contamination in stored rice variety PAU 201 collected from Punjab , India .
| | Author: Siruguri V Kumar PU Raghu P Rao MV Sesikeran B Toteja GS Gupta P Rao S Satyanarayana K Katoch VM Bharaj TS Mangat GS Sharma N Sandhu JS Bhargav VK Rani S | | Journal: Indian J Med Res Citation: V : 136 P : 89-97 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22885269 Accession (PMID): 22885269 | | Abstract: Background & objectives : The present study was carried out on stored rice variety PAU 201 in Punjab that was not permitted for milling and public distribution due to the presence of damaged grains at levels exceeding the regulatory limits of 4 . 75 per cent .
The aim of the study was to determine fungal and aflatoxin contamination in the rice samples to assess hazard from the presence of damaged grains .
Presence of iron in discoloured rice grains was also assessed .
Methods : Stored samples of paddy of PAU 201 rice variety were collected from six districts of Punjab , milled and analysed for presence of fungal and aflatoxin contamination .
Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) , energy dispersive X-ray ( EDX ) analysis and Prussian blue staining was used to determine fungal spores and presence of iron , respectively .
Results : Aflatoxin analysis of rice samples indicated that none exceeded the Food Safety and Standards ( Contaminants , Toxins and Residues ) Regulations , 2011 tolerance limit of 30 mug/kg and majority of the samples had levels <15 mug/kg .
The proportion of damaged grains exceeding the limit of 5 per cent was observed in 85 . 7 per cent of the samples .
SEM and Prussian blue staining and EDX analysis of black tipped and pin point damaged rice grains did not show presence of fungal structures and presence of iron .
Interpretation & conclusions : The results of the study indicated that the stored rice samples did not pose any health concern with respect to aflatoxin contamination as per the criteria laid down by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Aflatoxin contamination in stored rice variety PAU 201 collected from Punjab , India .
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| Title: [ Adult Culicidae mosquitoes in the irrigated culture of rice in the Vale do Ribeira , State of So Paulo , Brazil ] | | Author: Forattini OP Gomes Ade C Kakitani I | | Journal: Citation: V : 23 ( 4 ) P : 307-12 Year: 1989 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub2576570 Accession (PMID): 2576570 | | Abstract: A collection of adult Culicidae was carried out during the period from May 1984 to September 1985 , in a rice field in the polder of the Experimental Station of Pariquera-A , in the Ribeira Valley ( S Paulo State , Brazil ) .
CDC miniature traps , supplemented with dry ice , were used .
A total of 2 , 686 mosquitoes were collected .
The most frequent were the Coquillettidia and Mansonia genera ( nearly 55% of the specimens caught ) .
Aedes scapularis , as an isolated species , contributed with near by 11% of the total catch .
Culex ( Melanoconion ) represented almost 24% of the mosquitoes caught .
The sequence of events involved in the flooding of rice seems be associated with the production of Coquillettidia and Mansonia . Ae . _scapularis seems to profit from the artificial ecotope represented by the irrigated rice field as a means by which to increase its adaptation to the artificial human environment .
No evidence was obtained on the association between Culex ( Melanoconion ) catches and the cultivation of the rice field .
It seems that cultivation exercises no influence on the local Anopheles and Psorophora species . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Adult Culicidae mosquitoes in the irrigated culture of rice in the Vale do Ribeira , State of So Paulo , Brazil ]
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