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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Loss of function of a rice brassinosteroid insensitive1 homolog prevents internode elongation and bending of the lamina joint .
| | Author: Yamamuro C Ihara Y Wu X Noguchi T Fujioka S Takatsuto S Ashikari M Kitano H Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 12 ( 9 ) P : 1591-606 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11006334 Accession (PMID): 11006334 | | Abstract: Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) are plant growth-promoting natural products required for plant growth and development .
Physiological studies have demonstrated that exogenous BR , alone or in combination with auxin , enhance bending of the lamina joint of rice .
However , little is known about the function of endogenous BR in rice or other grass species .
We report here the phenotypical and molecular characterization of a rice dwarf mutant , d61 , that is less sensitive to BR compared to the wild type .
We cloned a rice gene , OsBRI1 , with extensive sequence similarity to that of the Arabidopsis BRI gene , which encodes a putative BR receptor kinase .
Linkage analysis showed that the OsBRI1 gene is closely linked to the d61 locus .
Single nucleotide substitutions found at different sites of the d61 alleles would give rise to amino acid changes in the corresponding polypeptides .
Furthermore , introduction of the entire OsBRI1 coding region , including the 5 and 3 flanking sequences , into d61 plants complemented the mutation to display the wild-type phenotype .
Transgenic plants carrying the antisense strand of the OsBRI1 transcript showed similar or even more severe phenotypes than those of the d61 mutants .
Our results show that OsBRI1 functions in various growth and developmental processes in rice , including ( 1 ) internode elongation , by inducing the formation of the intercalary meristem and the longitudinal elongation of internode cells ; ( 2 ) bending of the lamina joint ; and ( 3 ) skotomorphogenesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We report here the phenotypical and molecular characterization of a rice dwarf mutant , d61 , that is less sensitive to BR compared to the wild type .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Linkage analysis showed that the OsBRI1 gene is closely linked to the d61 locus .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Single nucleotide substitutions found at different sites of the d61 alleles would give rise to amino acid changes in the corresponding polypeptides .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , introduction of the entire OsBRI1 coding region , including the 5 and 3 flanking sequences , into d61 plants complemented the mutation to display the wild-type phenotype .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transgenic plants carrying the antisense strand of the OsBRI1 transcript showed similar or even more severe phenotypes than those of the d61 mutants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A semidwarf phenotype of barley uzu results from a nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding a putative brassinosteroid receptor .
| | Author: Chono M Honda I Zeniya H Yoneyama K Saisho D Takeda K Takatsuto S Hoshino T Watanabe Y | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 133 ( 3 ) P : 1209-19 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14551335 Accession (PMID): 14551335 | | Abstract: Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) play important roles throughout plant growth and development .
Despite the importance of clarifying the mechanism of BR-related growth regulation in cereal crops , BR-related cereal mutants have been identified only in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
We previously found that semidwarf barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) accessions carrying the "uzu" gene , called "uzu" barley in Japan , are non-responding for brassinolide ( BL ) .
We then performed chemical and molecular analyses to clarify the mechanisms of uzu dwarfism using isogenic line pairs of uzu gene .
The response of the uzu line to BL was significantly lower than that of its corresponding normal line .
Measurement of BRs showed that the uzu line accumulates BRs , similar to known BR-insensitive mutants .
The marker synteny of rice and barley chromosomes suggests that the uzu gene may be homologous to rice D61 , a rice homolog of Arabidopsis BR-insensitive 1 ( BRI1 ) , encoding a BR-receptor protein .
A barley homolog of BRI1 , HvBRI1 , was isolated by using degenerate primers .
A comparison of HvBRI1 sequences in uzu and normal barley varieties showed that the uzu phenotype is correlated with a single nucleotide substitution .
This substitution results in an amino acid change at a highly conserved residue in the kinase domain of the BR-receptor protein .
These results may indicate that uzu dwarfism is caused by the missense mutation in HvBRI1 .
The uzu gene is being introduced into all hull-less barley cultivars in Japan as an effective dwarf gene for practical use , and this is the first report about an agronomically important mutation related to BRs . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The marker synteny of rice and barley chromosomes suggests that the uzu gene may be homologous to rice D61 , a rice homolog of Arabidopsis BR-insensitive 1 ( BRI1 ) , encoding a BR-receptor protein .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A rice brassinosteroid-deficient mutant , ebisu dwarf ( d2 ) , is caused by a loss of function of a new member of cytochrome P450 .
| | Author: Hong Z Ueguchi-Tanaka M Umemura K Uozu S Fujioka S Takatsuto S Yoshida S Ashikari M Kitano H Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 15 ( 12 ) P : 2900-10 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14615594 Accession (PMID): 14615594 | | Abstract: We characterized a rice dwarf mutant , ebisu dwarf ( d2 ) .
It showed the pleiotropic abnormal phenotype similar to that of the rice brassinosteroid ( BR ) -insensitive mutant , d61 .
The dwarf phenotype of d2 was rescued by exogenous brassinolide treatment .
The accumulation profile of BR intermediates in the d2 mutants confirmed that these plants are deficient in late BR biosynthesis .
We cloned the D2 gene by map-based cloning .
The D2 gene encoded a novel cytochrome P450 classified in CYP90D that is highly similar to the reported BR synthesis enzymes .
Introduction of the wild D2 gene into d2-1 rescued the abnormal phenotype of the mutants .
In feeding experiments , 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone , 3-dehydroteasterone , and brassinolide effectively caused the lamina joints of the d2 plants to bend , whereas more upstream compounds did not cause bending .
Based on these results , we conclude that D2/CYP90D2 catalyzes the steps from 6-deoxoteasterone to 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone and from teasterone to 3-dehydroteasterone in the late BR biosynthesis pathway . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: It showed the pleiotropic abnormal phenotype similar to that of the rice brassinosteroid ( BR ) -insensitive mutant , d61 .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: The role of OsBRI1 and its homologous genes , OsBRL1 and OsBRL3 , in rice .
| | Author: Nakamura A Fujioka S Sunohara H Kamiya N Hong Z Inukai Y Miura K Takatsuto S Yoshida S Ueguchi-Tanaka M Hasegawa Y Kitano H Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 140 ( 2 ) P : 580-90 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16407447 Accession (PMID): 16407447 | | Abstract: Since first identifying two alleles of a rice ( Oryza sativa ) brassinosteroid ( BR ) -insensitive mutant , d61 , that were also defective in an orthologous gene in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 ( BRI1 ) , we have isolated eight additional alleles , including null mutations , of the rice BRI1 gene OsBRI1 .
The most severe mutant , d61-4 , exhibited severe dwarfism and twisted leaves , although pattern formation and differentiation were normal This severe shoot phenotype was caused mainly by a defect in cell elongation and the disturbance of cell division after the determination of cell fate .
In contrast to its severe shoot phenotype , the d61-4 mutant had a mild root phenotype .
Concomitantly , the accumulation of castasterone , the active BR in rice , was up to 30-fold greater in the shoots , while only 1 . 5-fold greater in the roots .
The homologous genes for OsBRI1 , OsBRL1 and OsBRL3 , were highly expressed in roots but weakly expressed in shoots , and their expression was higher in d61-4 than in the wild type .
Based on these observations , we conclude that OsBRI1 is not essential for pattern formation or organ initiation , but is involved in organ development through controlling cell division and elongation .
In addition , OsBRL1 and OsBRL3 are at least partly involved in BR perception in the roots . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Since first identifying two alleles of a rice ( Oryza sativa ) brassinosteroid ( BR ) -insensitive mutant , d61 , that were also defective in an orthologous gene in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 ( BRI1 ) , we have isolated eight additional alleles , including null mutations , of the rice BRI1 gene OsBRI1 .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most severe mutant , d61-4 , exhibited severe dwarfism and twisted leaves , although pattern formation and differentiation were normal This severe shoot phenotype was caused mainly by a defect in cell elongation and the disturbance of cell division after the determination of cell fate .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast to its severe shoot phenotype , the d61-4 mutant had a mild root phenotype .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The homologous genes for OsBRI1 , OsBRL1 and OsBRL3 , were highly expressed in roots but weakly expressed in shoots , and their expression was higher in d61-4 than in the wild type .
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Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Morphological alteration caused by brassinosteroid insensitivity increases the biomass and grain production of rice .
| | Author: Morinaka Y Sakamoto T Inukai Y Agetsuma M Kitano H Ashikari M Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 141 ( 3 ) P : 924-31 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16714407 Accession (PMID): 16714407 | | Abstract: The rice ( Oryza sativa ) dwarf mutant d61 phenotype is caused by loss of function of a rice BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 ortholog , OsBRI1 .
We have identified nine d61 alleles , the weakest of which , d61-7 , confers agronomically important traits such as semidwarf stature and erect leaves .
Because erect-leaf habit is considered to increase light capture for photosynthesis , we compared the biomass and grain production of wild-type and d61-7 rice .
The biomass of wild type was 38% higher than that of d61-7 at harvest under conventional planting density because of the dwarfism of d61-7 .
However , the biomass of d61-7 was 35% higher than that of wild type at high planting density .
The grain yield of wild type reached a maximum at middensity , but the yield of d61-7 continued to increase with planting density .
These results indicate that d61-7 produces biomass more effectively than wild type , and consequently more effectively assimilates the biomass in reproductive organ development at high planting density .
However , the small grain size of d61-7 counters any increase in grain yield , leading to the same grain yield as that of wild type even at high density .
We therefore produced transgenic rice with partial suppression of endogenous OsBRI1 expression to obtain the erect-leaf phenotype without grain changes .
The estimated grain yield of these transformants was about 30% higher than that of wild type at high density .
These results demonstrate the feasibility of generating erect-leaf plants by modifying the expression of the brassinosteroid receptor gene in transgenic rice plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: We have identified nine d61 alleles , the weakest of which , d61-7 , confers agronomically important traits such as semidwarf stature and erect leaves .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The biomass of wild type was 38% higher than that of d61-7 at harvest under conventional planting density because of the dwarfism of d61-7 .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice ( Oryza sativa ) dwarf mutant d61 phenotype is caused by loss of function of a rice BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 ortholog , OsBRI1 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Because erect-leaf habit is considered to increase light capture for photosynthesis , we compared the biomass and grain production of wild-type and d61-7 rice .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the biomass of d61-7 was 35% higher than that of wild type at high planting density .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The grain yield of wild type reached a maximum at middensity , but the yield of d61-7 continued to increase with planting density .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that d61-7 produces biomass more effectively than wild type , and consequently more effectively assimilates the biomass in reproductive organ development at high planting density .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the small grain size of d61-7 counters any increase in grain yield , leading to the same grain yield as that of wild type even at high density .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: OsLIC , a Novel CCCH-Type Zinc Finger Protein with Transcription Activation , Mediates Rice Architecture via Brassinosteroids Signaling .
| | Author: Wang L Xu Y Zhang C Ma Q Joo SH Kim SK Xu Z Chong K | | Journal: PLoS ONE Citation: V : 3 P : e3521 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18953406 Accession (PMID): 18953406 | | Abstract: Rice architecture is an important agronomic trait and a major limiting factor for its high productivity .
Here we describe a novel CCCH-type zinc finger gene , OsLIC ( Oraza sativaleaf and tiller angle increased controller ) , which is involved in the regulation of rice plant architecture .
OsLIC encoded an ancestral and unique CCCH type zinc finge protein .
It has many orthologous in other organisms , ranging from yeast to humane .
Suppression of endogenous OsLIC expression resulted in drastically increased leaf and tiller angles , shortened shoot height , and consequently reduced grain production in rice .
OsLIC is predominantly expressed in rice collar and tiller bud .
Genetic analysis suggested that OsLIC is epistatic to d2-1 , whereas d61-1 is epistatic to OsLIC .
Interestingly , sterols were significantly higher in level in transgenic shoots than in the wild type .
Genome-wide expression analysis indicated that brassinosteroids ( BRs ) signal transduction was activated in transgenic lines .
Moreover , transcription of OsLIC was induced by 24-epibrassinolide .
OsLIC , with a single CCCH motif , displayed binding activity to double-stranded DNA and single-stranded polyrA , polyrU and polyrG but not polyrC .
It contains a novel conserved EELR domain among eukaryotes and displays transcriptional activation activity in yeast OsLIC may be a transcription activator to control rice plant architecture .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genetic analysis suggested that OsLIC is epistatic to d2-1 , whereas d61-1 is epistatic to OsLIC .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Function of the alpha subunit of rice heterotrimeric G protein in brassinosteroid signaling .
| | Author: Oki K Inaba N Kitagawa K Fujioka S Kitano H Fujisawa Y Kato H Iwasaki Y | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 50 P : 161-72 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19036785 Accession (PMID): 19036785 | | Abstract: The alpha subunit of plant heterotrimeric G proteins ( Galpha ) plays pivotal roles in multiple aspects of development and responses to plant hormones .
Recently , several lines of evidence have shown that Galpha participates in brassinosteroid ( BR ) responses in Arabidopsis and rice plants .
In this study , we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the roles of the rice Galpha in the responses to BR using a defective mutant of the Galpha gene , T65d1 .
Decreased sensitivity to 24-epi-brassinolide ( 24-epiBL ) in the T65d1 mutant was observed in many processes examined , eg in the inhibition of root growth and the promotion of coleoptile elongation .
The T65d1 mutant also showed similar phenotypes to those of BR-deficient mutants , such as the specifically shortened second internode and the constitutive photomorphogenic growth phenotype under dark conditions .
However , a negative feedback effect by 24-epiBL on the expression of BR biosynthetic genes was observed in the T65d1 mutant , and the levels of BR intermediates did not fluctuate in this mutant .
To determine the epistatic relationship between the T65d1 mutant and d61-7 , a weak allele of a rice BR receptor mutant , the two mutants were crossed .
The T65d1/d61-7 double mutant showed no epistasis in the elongation inhibition of the internodes , the internode elongation pattern , the leaf angle and the morphological abnormality of leaf , except for the vertical length of seed and the seed weight .
Our results suggest that the rice Galpha affects the BR signaling cascade but the Galpha may not be a signaling molecule in BRI1-meditated perception/transduction .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: To determine the epistatic relationship between the T65d1 mutant and d61-7 , a weak allele of a rice BR receptor mutant , the two mutants were crossed .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Involvement of C-22-hydroxylated brassinosteroids in auxin-induced lamina joint bending in rice .
| | Author: Nakamura A Fujioka S Takatsuto S Tsujimoto M Kitano H Yoshida S Asami T Nakano T | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 50 P : 1627-35 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19605414 Accession (PMID): 19605414 | | Abstract: The rice lamina joint is ideal material for investigating the activity of brassinosteroids ( BRs ) and auxin because of its high sensitivity to these compounds .
Using a series of rice BR biosynthetic and receptor mutants , we conducted lamina joint tests to elucidate the mechanism of cross-talk between BR and auxin signaling in lamina joint bending .
In BR biosynthetic mutants d2 and brd1 , which are defective in C-23 hydroxylase and C-6 oxidase , respectively , the lamina joint response to auxin was significantly higher than that of wild-type plants .
The other BR-biosynthetic mutants , brd2 , osdwarf4 and d11 , which are defective in C-22-hydroxylated BRs , showed less or no response to auxin .
These results suggest that C-22-hydroxylated BRs are involved in auxin-induced lamina joint bending .
The results were supported by the observation that inhibition of the hyper-response to auxin in d2 was reduced by treatment with brassinazole , which inhibits the function of DWARF4 , the C-22 hydroxylase .
In d61 , which is defective in OsBRI1 , a possible BR receptor in rice , the bending angle of the lamina joint in response to auxin and C-22-hydroxylated 6-deoxoBRs was nearly the same as that in wild-type plants .
This implies that C-22-hydroxylated BRs function in auxin signaling independently of OsBRI1 .
From these observations , we propose that C-22-hydroxylated BRs participate in auxin signaling via a novel OsBRI1-independent signaling pathway .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In d61 , which is defective in OsBRI1 , a possible BR receptor in rice , the bending angle of the lamina joint in response to auxin and C-22-hydroxylated 6-deoxoBRs was nearly the same as that in wild-type plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1 , encoding a helix-loop-helix protein , is a novel gene involved in brassinosteroid signaling and controls bending of the lamina joint in rice .
| | Author: Tanaka A Nakagawa H Tomita C Shimatani Z Ohtake M Nomura T Jiang CJ Dubouzet JG Kikuchi S Sekimoto H Yokota T Asami T Kamakura T Mori M | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 151 P : 669-80 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19648232 Accession (PMID): 19648232 | | Abstract: Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) are involved in many developmental processes and regulate many subsets of downstream genes throughout the plant kingdom .
However , little is known about the BR signal transduction and response network in monocots .
To identify novel BR-related genes in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , we monitored the transcriptomic response of the brassinosteroid deficient1 ( brd1 ) mutant , with a defective BR biosynthetic gene , to brassinolide treatment .
Here , we describe a novel BR-induced rice gene BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1 ( BU1 ) , encoding a helix-loop-helix protein .
Rice plants overexpressing BU1 ( BU1 : OX ) showed enhanced bending of the lamina joint , increased grain size , and resistance to brassinazole , an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis .
In contrast to BU1 : OX , RNAi plants designed to repress both BU1 and its homologs displayed erect leaves .
In addition , compared to the wild type , the induction of BU1 by exogenous brassinolide did not require de novo protein synthesis and it was weaker in a BR receptor mutant OsbriI ( Oryza sativa brassinosteroid insensitive1 , d61 ) and a rice G protein alpha subunit ( RGA1 ) mutant d1 .
These results indicate that BU1 protein is a positive regulator of BR response : it controls bending of the lamina joint in rice and it is a novel primary response gene that participates in two BR signaling pathways through OsBRI1 and RGA1 .
Furthermore , expression analyses showed that BU1 is expressed in several organs including lamina joint , phloem , and epithelial cells in embryos .
These results indicate that BU1 may participate in some other unknown processes modulated by BR in rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , compared to the wild type , the induction of BU1 by exogenous brassinolide did not require de novo protein synthesis and it was weaker in a BR receptor mutant OsbriI ( Oryza sativa brassinosteroid insensitive1 , d61 ) and a rice G protein alpha subunit ( RGA1 ) mutant d1 .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Function of alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein in brassinosteroid response of rice plants .
| | Author: Oki K Kitagawa K Fujisawa Y Kato H Iwasaki Y | | Journal: Plant Signal Behav Citation: V : 4 P : 126-8 Year: 2009 Type: PubMed-not-MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19649188 Accession (PMID): 19649188 | | Abstract: The alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins ( G alpha ) is involved in a broad range of aspects of the brassinosteroid ( BR ) response , such as the enhancement of lamina bending .
However , it has been suggested from epistatic analysis of d1 and d61 , which are mutants deficient for G alpha and the BR receptor BRI1 , that G alpha and BRI1 may function via distinct pathways in many cases .
In this study , we investigated further the genetic interaction between G alpha and BRI1 .
We report the analysis of transformants of T65d1 and T65d1/d61-7 into which were introduced a constitutively active form of G alpha , Q223L .
The application of 24-epi-brassinolide ( 24-epiBL ) to T65d1 expressing Q223L still resulted in elongation of the coleoptile and , in fact , it was enhanced over the wild-type plant ( WT ) level in a concentration dependent manner .
In T65d1/d61-7 expressing Q223L , the seed size was enlarged over that of d61-7 due to activation of G alpha .
These results suggest that Q223L is able to augment the BR response in response to 24-epiBL and also that Q223L functions independently of BRI1 in the process of determining seed morphology , given that Q223L was functional in the BRI1-deficient mutant , d61-7 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , it has been suggested from epistatic analysis of d1 and d61 , which are mutants deficient for G alpha and the BR receptor BRI1 , that G alpha and BRI1 may function via distinct pathways in many cases .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: In T65d1/d61-7 expressing Q223L , the seed size was enlarged over that of d61-7 due to activation of G alpha .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that Q223L is able to augment the BR response in response to 24-epiBL and also that Q223L functions independently of BRI1 in the process of determining seed morphology , given that Q223L was functional in the BRI1-deficient mutant , d61-7 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteomic study identifies proteins involved in brassinosteroid regulation of rice growth .
| | Author: Wang F Bai MY Deng Z Oses-Prieto JA Burlingame AL Lu T Chong K Wang ZY | | Journal: J Integr Plant Biol Citation: V : 52 P : 1075-85 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21106006 Accession (PMID): 21106006 | | Abstract: Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) are essential hormones for growth and development of plant .
In rice , BRs regulate multiple developmental processes and affect many important traits such as height , leaf angle , fertility and seed filling .
We identified brassinosteroid-regulated proteins in rice using proteomic approaches and performed functional analysis of some BR-regulated proteins by overexpression experiments .
Using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis ( 2-D DIGE ) followed by protein identification by mass spectrometry , we compared proteomic differences in the shoots and roots of the BR-insensitive mutant d61-4 and BR-deficient mutant brd1-3 .
We identified a large number of proteins differentially expressed in the mutants compared with wild type control .
These include a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein ( OsGRP1 ) and a DREPP2 protein , which showed reduced levels in the BR mutants .
Overexpression of these two proteins partially suppressed the dwarf phenotype of the Arabidopsis BR-insensitive mutant bri1-5 .
In contrast to the reduced protein level , the RNA level of OsGRP1 was not significantly affected in the BR mutants or by BR treatment , suggesting BR regulation of OsGRP1 at the posttranslational level .
This study identifies many BR-regulated proteins and demonstrates that OsGRP1 functions downstream in the BR signal transduction pathway to promote cell expansion .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis ( 2-D DIGE ) followed by protein identification by mass spectrometry , we compared proteomic differences in the shoots and roots of the BR-insensitive mutant d61-4 and BR-deficient mutant brd1-3 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING Acts as a Direct Downstream Target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase to Mediate Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice .
| | Author: Tong H Liu L Jin Y Du L Yin Y Qian Q Zhu L Chu C | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 24 P : 2562-77 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22685166 Accession (PMID): 22685166 | | Abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana , the GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 ( BIN2 ) plays a critical role in the brassinosteroid ( BR ) signaling pathway by negatively regulating the activities of bri1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 family transcription factors that regulate the expression of downstream BR-responsive genes .
In this study , we analyzed the function of a rice ( Oryza sativa ) GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase ( GSK2 ) , which is one of the orthologs of BIN2 .
Overexpression of GSK2 ( Go ) led to plants with typical BR loss-of-function phenotypes , and suppression of GSK2 resulted in enhanced BR signaling phenotypes .
DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING ( DLT ) is a positive regulator that mediates several BR responses in rice .
Suppression of DLT can enhance the phenotypes of BR receptor mutant d61-1 , and overexpression of DLT obviously suppressed the BR loss-of-function phenotypes of both d61-1 and Go , suggesting that DLT functions downstream of GSK2 to modulate BR responses .
Indeed , GSK2 can interact with DLT and phosphorylate DLT .
Moreover , brassinolide treatment can induce the dephosphorylation of DLT , leading to the accumulation of dephosphorylated DLT protein .
In GSK2 transgenic plants , the DLT phosphorylation level is dictated by the GSK2 level .
These results demonstrate that DLT is a GSK2 substrate , further reinforcing that the BIN2/GSK2 kinase has multiple substrates that carry out various BR responses .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Suppression of DLT can enhance the phenotypes of BR receptor mutant d61-1 , and overexpression of DLT obviously suppressed the BR loss-of-function phenotypes of both d61-1 and Go , suggesting that DLT functions downstream of GSK2 to modulate BR responses .
| | Supplemental links/files: reference in endnote online text related articles pubmed citation | |
