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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding proline transporter in rice .
| | Author: Igarashi Y Yoshiba Y Takeshita T Nomura S Otomo J Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K Shinozaki K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 41 ( 6 ) P : 750-6 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10945345 Accession (PMID): 10945345 | | Abstract: A cDNA encoding a proline ( Pro ) transporter ( ProT ) was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library prepared from 14-d-old seedlings of Oryza sativa cv .
Akibare .
The deduced amino acid sequence of the rice ProT protein ( OsProT ) had 68 . 8% homology to the ProT protein 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana and 59 . 6% homology to that from Lycopersicon esculentum .
Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for OsProT ( OsProT ) was expressed in all organs examined , comparatively strongly in leaf sheath and stem .
Salt treatment did not induce expression of OsProT but strongly induced expression of the gene for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) , a key enzyme in Pro biosynthesis .
Southern blot analysis revealed that OsProT has a gene family .
OsProT specifically transported L-Pro in a transport assay using Xenopus laevis oocytes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Salt treatment did not induce expression of OsProT but strongly induced expression of the gene for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) , a key enzyme in Pro biosynthesis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Functional analysis of salt-inducible proline transporter of barley roots .
| | Author: Ueda A Shi W Sanmiya K Shono M Takabe T | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 42 ( 11 ) P : 1282-9 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11726714 Accession (PMID): 11726714 | | Abstract: We cloned a cDNA encoding Hordeum vulgare Proline Transporter ( HvProT ) from salt-stressed barley roots by differential display .
HvProT was 2 , 161 bp long and had an open reading frame encoding 450 amino acids .
The deduced amino acid sequence of HvProT was similar to those of proline transporter proteins of rice ( 65 . 7% ) , Arabidopsis ( 57 . 7% ) and tomato ( 42 . 0% ) .
Northern blot analysis showed that the transcript level of HvProT was induced in roots at 30 min after 200 mM NaCl treatment and its peak was observed at 3 h .
However , the transcript level was very low in leaves and did not increase by salt stress .
The expression level of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) , encoding a key enzyme of proline synthesis , was induced later than HvProT by salt stress .
A transport assay using a yeast with mutation in proline uptake revealed that HvProT was a transporter with high affinity for L-proline ( K ( m ) = 25 microM ) .
HvProT was found to be a unique transporter with high affinity for L-proline .
Since its transport activity was dependent on the pH gradient , HvProT was suggested to be a H ( + ) /amino acid symporter .
In situ hybridization analysis showed that the HvProT mRNA was strongly expressed in root cap cells under salt stress .
HvProT might play an important role in the transport of proline to root tip region urgently upon salt stress .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The expression level of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) , encoding a key enzyme of proline synthesis , was induced later than HvProT by salt stress .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of free proline accumulation in petunias under drought stress .
| | Author: Yamada M Morishita H Urano K Shiozaki N Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K Shinozaki K Yoshiba Y | | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Citation: V : 56 ( 417 ) P : 1975-81 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15928013 Accession (PMID): 15928013 | | Abstract: Petunias ( Petunia hybrida cv .
Mitchell ) accumulate free proline ( Pro ) under drought-stress conditions .
It is therefore believed that Pro acts as an osmoprotectant in plants subjected to drought conditions .
Petunia plants were transformed by Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase genes ( AtP5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana L or OsP5CS from Oryza sativa L ) .
The transgenic plants accumulated Pro and their drought tolerance was tested .
The Pro content amounted to 0 . 57-1 . 01% of the total amino acids in the transgenic plants , or 1 . 5-2 . 6 times that in wild-type plants grown under normal conditions .
The transgenic plant lines tolerated 14 d of drought stress , which confirms that both P5CS transgenes had full functionality .
Exogenous L-Pro treatment caused the plants to accumulate Pro ; plants treated with 5 mM L-Pro accumulated up to 18 times more free Pro than untreated plants .
Exogenous L-Pro restricted the growth of wild-type petunias more than that of Arabidopsis plants .
The capacity for free Pro accumulation might depend on the plant species .
The growth of petunia plants was influenced not only by the Pro concentration in the plants , but by the ratio of the Pro content to the total amino acids , because the growth of the transgenic petunia plants appeared normal | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The transgenic plant lines tolerated 14 d of drought stress , which confirms that both P5CS transgenes had full functionality .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Expression of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene during drought in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Choudhary NL Sairam RK Tyagi A | | Journal: Indian J Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 42 ( 6 ) P : 366-70 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16955737 Accession (PMID): 16955737 | | Abstract: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied .
A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes , whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones .
Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes .
Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity .
The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant ( N-22 , CR143-2-2 ) and susceptible rice ( Oryza sativa L ) genotypes ( Panidhan , Pusa-169 ) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content ( RWC ) , proline content , and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) activity and its P5CS expression were studied .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The EcoRI , BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band ( approx 2 . 4 kb ) was observed , however , P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes ; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Gene transcription in the leaves of rice undergoing salt-induced morphological changes ( Oryza sativa L ) .
| | Author: Kim DW Shibato J Agrawal GK Fujihara S Iwahashi H Kim du H Shim IeS Rakwal R | | Journal: Mol Cells Citation: V : 24 P : 45-59 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17846498 Accession (PMID): 17846498 | | Abstract: We describe the gene expression profile of third leaves of rice ( cv .
Nipponbare ) seedlings subjected to salt stress ( 130 mM NaCl ) .
Transcripts of Mn-SOD , Cu/Zn-SOD , cytosolic and stromal APX , GR and CatB were regulated , whereas expression of thylakoid-bound APX and CatA were down-regulated .
The levels of the compatible solute proline and of transcripts of its biosynthetic gene , Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) , were strongly increased by salt stress .
Interestingly , a potential compatible solute , gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) , was also found to be strongly induced by salt stress along with marked up-regulation of transcripts of GABA-transaminase .
A dye-swap rice DNA microarray analysis identified a large number of genes whose expression in third leaves was altered by salt stress .
Among 149 genes whose expression was altered at all the times assayed ( 3 , 4 and 6 days ) during salt stress , there were 47 annotated novel genes and 76 unknown genes .
These results provide new insight into the effect of salt stress on the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes , proline and GABA as well as of genes in several functional categories .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The levels of the compatible solute proline and of transcripts of its biosynthetic gene , Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ( P5CS ) , were strongly increased by salt stress .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Biosynthetic Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline and Its Relationship with Delta ( 1 ) -Pyrroline-5-carboxylic Acid and Methylglyoxal in Aromatic Rice ( Oryza sativa L ) Callus .
| | Author: Huang TC Teng CS Chang JL Chuang HS Ho CT Wu ML | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18680302 Accession (PMID): 18680302 | | Abstract: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline ( 2-AP ) was identified as the major flavor compound in aromatic rice varieties Tainung 71 and 72 .
In order to understand the mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis in aromatic rice , we studied the formation of putative precursors , Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal The endogenous Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid contents of Tainung 71 and 72 calli reached 191 to 276% , compared to nonaromatic rice Tainung 67 .
In addition , calli of Tainung 71 and 72 contained 1 . 30 and 1 . 36-fold , respectively , higher methylglyoxal levels than that of Tainung 67 .
Specific enzyme activities of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-synthetic enzyme including Delta ( 1 ) -pyrolline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase ( P5CS ) and ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) increased significantly in aromatic rice varieties .
The expression levels of P5CS1 and P5CS2 genes were found to be significantly higher in aromatic rice than nonaromatic rice .
Results of a tracer experiment with ( 15 ) N-labeled glutamic acid revealed that the nitrogen atom of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline was derived from glutamic acid .
Upregulation of P5CS in aromatic rice Tainung 72 may contribute to the increase of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid level and thus leads to the accumulation of an extra amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The expression levels of P5CS1 and P5CS2 genes were found to be significantly higher in aromatic rice than nonaromatic rice .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Specific enzyme activities of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid-synthetic enzyme including Delta ( 1 ) -pyrolline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase ( P5CS ) and ornithine aminotransferase ( OAT ) increased significantly in aromatic rice varieties .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Upregulation of P5CS in aromatic rice Tainung 72 may contribute to the increase of Delta ( 1 ) -pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid level and thus leads to the accumulation of an extra amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Overexpression of maize mitogen-activated protein kinase gene , ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis increases tolerance to salt stress .
| | Author: Gu L Liu Y Zong X Liu L Li DP Li DQ | | Journal: Mol Biol Rep Citation: V : 37 P : 4067-73 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20339925 Accession (PMID): 20339925 | | Abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) cascades play a remarkably crucial role in plants .
It has been studied intensively in model plants Arabidopsis , tobacco and rice .
However , the function of MAPKs in maize ( Zea mays L ) has not been well documented .
ZmSIMK1 ( Zea mays salt-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 ) is a previously identified MAPK gene in maize .
In this research , we charactered ZmSIMK1 and showed that ZmSIMK1 was involved in Arabidopsis salt stress .
The genomic organization of ZmSIMK1 gene and its expression in maize have been analyzed .
In order to investigate the function of ZmSIMK1 , we generated transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively overexpressing ZmSIMK1 .
Ectopic expression of ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance against salt stress .
Importantly , ZmSIMK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited constitutive expression of stress-responsive marker genes , RD29A and P5CS1 .
Furthermore , RD29A and P5CS1 were upregulated under salt stress .
These results suggest that ZmSIMK1 may play an important role in plant salt stress .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Importantly , ZmSIMK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited constitutive expression of stress-responsive marker genes , RD29A and P5CS1 .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , RD29A and P5CS1 were upregulated under salt stress .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cloning and characterization of a maize SnRK2 protein kinase gene confers enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis .
| | Author: Ying S Zhang DF Li HY Liu YH Shi YS Song YC Wang TY Li Y | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 30 P : 1683-99 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21638061 Accession (PMID): 21638061 | | Abstract: SnRK2 ( sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases 2 ) represents a unique family of protein kinase in regulating signaling transduction in plants .
Although the regulatory mechanisms of SnRK2 have been well demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana , their functions in maize are still unknown .
In our study , we cloned an SnRK2 gene from maize , ZmSAPK8 , which encoded a putative homolog of the rice SAPK8 protein .
ZmSAPK8 had two copies in the maize genome and harbored eight introns in its coding region .
We demonstrated that ZmSAPK8 expressed differentially in various organs of maize plants and was up-regulated by high-salinity and drought treatment .
A green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) -tagged ZmSAPK8 showed subcellular localization in the cell membrane , cytoplasm and nucleus .
In vitro kinase assays indicated that ZmSAPK8 preferred Mn ( 2+ ) to Mg ( 2+ ) as cofactor for phosphorylation , and Ser-182 and Thr-183 in activation loop was important for its activity .
Heterologous overexpression of ZmSAPK8 in Arabidopsis could significantly strengthen tolerance to salt stress .
Under salt treatment , ZmSAPK8-overexpressed transgenic plants exhibited higher germination rate and proline content , low electrolyte leakage and higher survival rate than wild type .
Further analysis indicated that transgenic plants showed increased transcription of the stress-related genes , RD29A , RD29B , RAB18 , ABI1 , DREB2A and P5CS1 , under high-salinity conditions .
The results demonstrated that ZmSAPK8 was involved in diverse stress signal transduction .
Moreover , no obvious adverse effects on growth and development in the ZmSAPK8-overexpressed transgenic plants implied that ZmSAPK8 was potentially useful in transgenic breeding to improve salt tolerance in crops .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further analysis indicated that transgenic plants showed increased transcription of the stress-related genes , RD29A , RD29B , RAB18 , ABI1 , DREB2A and P5CS1 , under high-salinity conditions .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Exogenous proline and trehalose promote recovery of rice seedlings from salt-stress and differentially modulate antioxidant enzymes and expression of related genes .
| | Author: Nounjan N Nghia PT Theerakulpisut P | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Citation: V : 169 P : 596-604 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22317787 Accession (PMID): 22317787 | | Abstract: Proline ( Pro ) and Trehalose ( Tre ) function as compatible solutes and are upregulated in plants under abiotic stress .
They play an osmoprotective role in physiological responses , enabling the plants to better tolerate the adverse effects of abiotic stress .
We investigated the effect of exogenous Pro and Tre ( 10 mM ) in seedlings of Thai aromatic rice ( cv .
KDML105 ; salt-sensitive ) during salt stress and subsequent recovery .
Salt stress ( S , NaCl ) resulted in growth reduction , increase in the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes ( pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase , P5CS ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase , P5CR ) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , increased activity of antioxidative enzymes ( superoxide dismutase , SOD ; peroxidase , POX ; ascorbate peroxidase , APX ; catalase , CAT ) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( Cu/ZnSOD , MnSOD , CytAPX , CatC ) .
Under salt stress , exogenous Pro ( PS ; Pro+NaCl ) reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR , but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes .
The transcription of genes encoding several antioxidant enzymes was upregulated .
Exogenous Tre ( TS ; Tre+NaCl ) also reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio and strongly decreased endogenous Pro .
Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated , the activities of SOD and POX decreased , the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated .
Although exogenous osmoprotectants did not alleviate growth inhibition during salt stress , they exhibited a pronounced beneficial effect during recovery period showing higher percentage of growth recovery in PS ( 162 . 38% ) and TS ( 98 . 43% ) compared with S ( 3 . 68% ) .
During recovery , plants treated with PS showed a much greater reduction in endogenous Pro than NaCl-treated ( S ) or Tre-treated plants ( TS ) .
Increase in CAT activity was most related to significant reduction in H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) , particularly in the case of PS-treated plants .
Advantageous effects of Pro were also associated with increase in APX activity during recovery .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Salt stress ( S , NaCl ) resulted in growth reduction , increase in the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes ( pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase , P5CS ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase , P5CR ) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , increased activity of antioxidative enzymes ( superoxide dismutase , SOD ; peroxidase , POX ; ascorbate peroxidase , APX ; catalase , CAT ) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( Cu/ZnSOD , MnSOD , CytAPX , CatC ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Under salt stress , exogenous Pro ( PS ; Pro+NaCl ) reduced the Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ratio , further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR , but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated , the activities of SOD and POX decreased , the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of the gene for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and correlation between the expression of the gene and salt tolerance in Oryza sativa L | | Author: Igarashi Y Yoshiba Y Sanada Y Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K Wada K Shinozaki K | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 33 ( 5 ) P : 857-65 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9106509 Accession (PMID): 9106509 | | Abstract: A cDNA for delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ( P5C ) synthetase ( cOsP5CS ) , an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline , was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library prepared from 14-day-old seedlings of Oryza sativa cv .
Akibare .
The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein ( OsP5CS ) from O sativa exhibited 74 . 2% and 75 . 5% homology to that of the P5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna aconitifolia , respectively .
Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS ( OsP5CS ) was induced by high salt , dehydration , treatment of ABA and cold treatment , while it was not induced by heat treatment .
Simultaneously , accumulation of proline was observed as a result of high salt treatment in O sativa .
Moreover , the levels of expression of OsP5CS mRNA and content of proline under salt stress condition were compared between a salt-tolerant cultivar , Dee-gee-woo-gen ( DGWG ) and a salt-sensitive breeding line , IR28 .
It was observed that the expression of the P5CS gene and the accumulation of proline in DGWG steadily increased , whereas those in IR28 increased slightly . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein ( OsP5CS ) from O sativa exhibited 74 . 2% and 75 . 5% homology to that of the P5CS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vigna aconitifolia , respectively .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS ( OsP5CS ) was induced by high salt , dehydration , treatment of ABA and cold treatment , while it was not induced by heat treatment .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: It was observed that the expression of the P5CS gene and the accumulation of proline in DGWG steadily increased , whereas those in IR28 increased slightly .
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