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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The refolding , purification , and activity analysis of a rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor expressed in Escherichia coli .
| | Author: Li N Qu LJ Liu Y Li Q Gu H Chen Z | | Journal: Protein Expr . Purif . Citation: V : 15 ( 1 ) P : 99-104 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10024476 Accession (PMID): 10024476 | | Abstract: A putative rice trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor of the Bowman-Birk family , RBBI-8 of about 20 kDa , was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein bearing an N-terminal ( His ) 6 purification tag .
The expressed recombinant protein , rRBBI-8 , is insoluble and accumulates as inclusion bodies .
The insoluble protein was solubilized in 8 M urea under reducing environment and then refolded into its active conformation under optimized redox conditions .
Strategies used to optimize yield and efficiency include selecting the redox system , increasing protein concentration during refolding by adding the denatured protein in a stepwise way , utilizing additives to prevent aggregation , and selecting buffer-exchanging conditions .
A Ni-chelate affinity column was then employed to purify the renatured protein . rRBBI-8 shows strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and it can slightly inhibit chymotrypsin .
In this study , a refolding and purification system was set up for this cysteine-rich recombinant protein expressed in a prokaryotic system . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A Ni-chelate affinity column was then employed to purify the renatured protein . rRBBI-8 shows strong inhibitory activity against trypsin and it can slightly inhibit chymotrypsin .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase from germinating barley .
| | Author: Kristensen M Lok F Planchot V Svendsen I Leah R Svensson B | | Journal: Biochim . Biophys . Acta Citation: V : 1431 ( 2 ) P : 538-46 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10350630 Accession (PMID): 10350630 | | Abstract: The gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase , LD , from barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) , was isolated from a genomic phage library using a barley cDNA clone as probe .
The gene encodes a protein of 904 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 98 . 6 kDa .
This is in agreement with a value of 105 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE .
The coding sequence is interrupted by 26 introns varying in length from 93 bp to 825 bp .
The 27 exons vary in length from 53 bp to 197 bp .
Southern blot analysis shows that the limit dextrinase gene is present as a single copy in the barley genome .
Gene expression is high during germination and the steady state transcription level reaches a maximum at day 5 of germination .
The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to the protein sequence of limit dextrinase purified from germinating malt , as determined by automated N-terminal sequencing of tryptic fragments coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry .
The sequenced peptide fragments cover 70% of the entire protein sequence , which shows 62% and 77% identity to that of starch debranching enzymes from spinach and rice and 37% identity to Klebsiella pullulanase .
Sequence alignment supports the multidomain architecture and identifies both secondary structure elements of the catalytic ( beta/alpha ) 8-barrel substrate , catalytic residues , and specificity associated motifs characteristic of members of the glycoside hydrolase family 13 which cleave alpha-1 , 6-glucosidic bonds .
A remarkable distribution of the secondary structure elements to individual exons is observed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to the protein sequence of limit dextrinase purified from germinating malt , as determined by automated N-terminal sequencing of tryptic fragments coupled with matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Localization of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in chloroplasts .
| | Author: Sanmiya K Ueno O Matsuoka M Yamamoto N | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 40 ( 3 ) P : 348-54 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10353221 Accession (PMID): 10353221 | | Abstract: The subcellular localization of plant farnesyl diphosphate synthase ( FPPS ) was examined .
Immunocytochemical staining using anti-FPPS1 antibody followed by electron microscopy showed that FPPS1 was localized to chloroplasts of rice mesophyll cells .
Subcellular fractions from wheat leaves were examined by immunoblot analysis .
FPPS was detected in the chloroplast fraction in wheat , and was protected from proteolysis following trypsin treatment of chloroplasts .
FPPS was also detected in the chloroplast fraction of a dicot plant , tobacco | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: FPPS was detected in the chloroplast fraction in wheat , and was protected from proteolysis following trypsin treatment of chloroplasts .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nitrogen retention and plasma amino acids of adults who consumed isonitrogenous diets containing rice and milk or wheat versus their constituent amino acids .
| | Author: Clark HE Moon W-H Bailey LB Panemangelore M | | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 29 ( 12 ) P : 1343-52 Year: 1976 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1036663 Accession (PMID): 1036663 | | Abstract: Nitrogen retention and concentrations of plasma amino acids were compared when young adults consumed isonitrogenous diets containing proteins ( 3 . 0 g of N from rice plus 3 . 0 g of N from milk or 3 . 0 g of N from rice plus 3 . 0 g of N from wheat flour ) or mixtures of their constituent amino acids .
Diets containing proteins induced greater nitrogen retention than did those containing corresponding amounts of amino acids in crystalline form , and the difference between the combinations of proteins was delineated more sharply .
Concentrations of several amino acids were elevated by substituting crystalline amino acids for proteins , especially in postprandial plasma .
Subjects responded differently to addition of the limiting amino acids , lysine and tryptophan , to the diets containing amino acids instead of rice plus wheat .
Therefore , data obtained by means of combinations of cereals and by mixtures of their constituent amino acids can not always be used interchangeably . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Subjects responded differently to addition of the limiting amino acids , lysine and tryptophan , to the diets containing amino acids instead of rice plus wheat .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cysteine-rich 16 . 6-kDa prolamin in rice seeds .
| | Author: Mitsukawa N Konishi R Uchiki M Masumura T Tanaka K | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 63 ( 11 ) P : 1851-8 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10635550 Accession (PMID): 10635550 | | Abstract: An alcohol-soluble storage protein , a 16 . 6-kDa prolamin found in rice seeds , was purified from both the total protein body and purified type I protein body fractions .
The partial amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides generated from the purified polypeptide were analyzed .
A part of the 16 . 6-kDa prolamin cDNA was amplified from developing seed mRNA by the reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction using an oligo ( dT ) primer and a primer which was synthesized based on the partial amino acid sequence .
The amplified product was used to isolate the full-length cDNA clone ( lambda RP16 ) from a developing seed cDNA library .
The cDNA has an open reading frame encoding a hydrophobic polypeptide of 149 amino acids .
The polypeptide was rich in glutamine ( 20 . 0% ) , cysteine ( 10 . 0% ) , and methionine ( 6 . 9% ) .
The cysteine content was higher than those of most other rice storage proteins .
Messenger RNA of the 16 . 6-kDa prolamin was detected in seeds , but not in other aerial it issues . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The partial amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides generated from the purified polypeptide were analyzed .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Identification of novel serine proteinase gene transcripts in the midguts of two tropical insect pests , Scirpophaga incertulas ( Wk . ) and Helicoverpa armigera ( Hb . ) .
| | Author: Mazumdar-Leighton S Babu CR Bennett J | | Journal: Insect Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 30 ( 1 ) P : 57-68 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10646971 Accession (PMID): 10646971 | | Abstract: We have used RT PCR and 3RACE to identify diverse serine proteinase genes expressed in the midguts of the rice yellow stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas ) and Asian corn borer ( Helicoverpa armigera ) .
The RT-PCR primers encoded the conserved regions around the active site histidine57 and serine195 of Drosophila melanogaster alpha trypsin , including aspartate189 of the specificity pocket .
These primers amplified three transcripts ( SiP1-3 ) from midguts of S incertulas , and two transcripts ( HaP1-2 ) from midguts of H armigera .
The five RT PCR products were sequenced to permit design of gene-specific forward primers for use with anchored oligo dT primers in 3RACE .
Sequencing of the 3RACE products indicated that SiP1 , SiP2 and HaP1 encoded trypsin-like serine proteinases , while HaP2 encoded a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases .
The SiP3 transcript proved to be an abundant 960 nt mRNA encoding a trypsin-like protein in which the active site serine195 was replaced by aspartate .
The possible functions of this unusual protein are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The RT-PCR primers encoded the conserved regions around the active site histidine57 and serine195 of Drosophila melanogaster alpha trypsin , including aspartate189 of the specificity pocket .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequencing of the 3RACE products indicated that SiP1 , SiP2 and HaP1 encoded trypsin-like serine proteinases , while HaP2 encoded a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The SiP3 transcript proved to be an abundant 960 nt mRNA encoding a trypsin-like protein in which the active site serine195 was replaced by aspartate .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterizing rice lesion mimic mutants and identifying a mutant with broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight .
| | Author: Yin Z Chen J Zeng L Goh M Leung H Khush GS Wang GL .
| | Journal: Mol .
Plant Microbe Interact .
Citation: V : 13 ( 8 ) P : 869-76 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub10939258 Accession (PMID): 10939258 | | Abstract: Many plant mutants develop spontaneous lesions that resemble disease symptoms in the absence of pathogen attack .
In several pathosystems , lesion mimic mutations have been shown to be involved in programmed cell death , which in some instances leads to enhanced disease resistance to multiple pathogens .
We investigated the relationship between spontaneous cell death and disease resistance in rice with nine mutants with a range of lesion mimic phenotypes .
All nine mutations are controlled by recessive genes and some of these mutants have stunted growth and other abnormal characteristics .
The lesion mimics that appeared on the leaves of these mutants were caused by cell death as measured by trypan blue staining .
Activation of six defense-related genes was observed in most of the mutants when the mimic lesions developed .
Four mutants exhibited significant enhanced resistance to rice blast One of the mutants , spl11 , confers non-race-specific resistance not only to blast but also to bacterial blight .
The level of resistance in the spl11 mutant to the two pathogens correlates with the defense-related gene expression and lesion development on the leaves .
The results suggest that some lesion mimic mutations in rice may be involved in disease resistance , and cloning of these genes may provide a clue to developing broad-spectrum resistance to diverse pathogens . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lesion mimics that appeared on the leaves of these mutants were caused by cell death as measured by trypan blue staining .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The maize major allergen , which is responsible for food-induced allergic reactions , is a lipid transfer protein .
| | Author: Pastorello EA Farioli L Pravettoni V Ispano M Scibola E Trambaioli C Giuffrida MG Ansaloni R Godovac-Zimmermann J Conti A Fortunato D Ortolani C | | Journal: J Allergy Clin . Immunol . Citation: V : 106 ( 4 ) P : 744-51 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11031346 Accession (PMID): 11031346 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Cereals are the most important nutritional component in the human diet .
Food-induced allergic reactions to these substances therefore have serious implications , and exhaustive diagnosis is required .
Such diagnosis is still difficult because of the incomplete knowledge about major cereal allergens .
In particular , few food-induced allergic reactions to maize have been reported , and no information on the allergenic proteins is available .
OBJECTIVE : Having observed several anaphylactic reactions to maize , we planned a study to identify maize major allergens and cross-reactivity with other cereals , as well as to peach because the majority of patients also reacted to Prunoideae fruits .
METHODS : Twenty-two patients with systemic symptoms after maize ingestion and positive skin prick test responses and serum-specific IgE antibodies to maize were selected .
The IgE-reactivity pattern was identified by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting .
The major allergen identified was then purified by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry , determination of the isoelectric point value , and N-terminal amino acid sequencing .
RESULTS : Sera from 19 ( 86% ) of the 22 patients recognized a 9-kd protein , thus confirming this as the maize major allergen .
This protein had an isoelectric point of greater than 9 , a molecular mass of 9047 . 0 d , and no glycosylation .
Determination of its N-terminal sequence showed that it was a lipid transfer protein ( LTP ) .
By using immunoblotting-inhibition experiments , we demonstrated that the LTP cross-reacts completely with rice and peach LTPs but not with wheat or barley LTPs .
N-terminal sequence of the 16-kd allergen ( recognized by 36% of patients ) showed it to be the maize inhibitor of trypsin .
This protein cross-reacts completely with grass , wheat , barley , and rice trypsin inhibitors .
CONCLUSION : The major allergen of maize is an LTP with a molecular weight of 9 kd that is highly homologous with the peach LTP , the major allergen of the Prunoideae subfamily .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: N-terminal sequence of the 16-kd allergen ( recognized by 36% of patients ) showed it to be the maize inhibitor of trypsin .
[ Sen. 14, subscore: 1.00 ]: This protein cross-reacts completely with grass , wheat , barley , and rice trypsin inhibitors .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification and characterization of the major allergens of buckwheat .
| | Author: Park JW Kang DB Kim CW koh SH Yum HY Kim KE Hong CS Lee KY .
| | Journal: Allergy Citation: V : 55 ( 11 ) P : 1035-41 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11097313 Accession (PMID): 11097313 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Buckwheat ( BW ) has been recognized as a common food allergen in Korea , Japan , and other countries .
Until now , serologic findings of BW food-allergic patients and its major allergenic components have not been clarified .
In this study , we analyzed the serologic findings of BW food allergy and characterized its major allergenic components .
METHODS : Nineteen BW-allergic subjects with symptoms after BW ingestion and 15 asymptomatic control subjects with positive skin prick test to BW were recruited .
BW-specific IgE was measured with the Pharmacia CAP kit .
Allergenic components of BW were analyzed by IgE immunoblotting , periodate oxidation , two-dimensonal PAGE , and sequencing of N-terminal amino acids .
RESULTS : From the BW-allergic patients and asymptomatic controls , the sensitivity ( 100% ) , specificity ( 53% ) , and negative ( 100% ) and positive predictive values ( 73% ) of Pharmacia CAP specific IgE for diagnosis were estimated .
The prevalence of IgE binding to 24-kDa ( pI 8 . 3 ) , 16-kDa ( pI 5 . 6 ) , and 9-kDa ( pI 5 . 0/ 6 . 0 ) allergens was higher than 50% in BW-allergic and asymptomatic subjects .
However , the specific IgE to split 19-kDa ( pI 6 . 5/7 . 0 ) allergens were more specifically found in BW-allergic patients than in asymptomatic subjects ( 78% vs 7% ) .
N-terminal amino-acid sequences of 19-kDa and 16-kDa allergens showed moderate and weak homology to the 19-kDa globulin protein of rice and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor of millet , respectively .
The N-terminus of the 9-kDa isoallergens were not different from each other and were identified as the reported trypsin inhibitors of BW .
Attenuation of the IgE binding to the 9-kDa allergen was found with periodate oxidation .
CONCLUSIONS : The allergens of 24 , 19 , 16 , and 9 kDa are strong candidates to be major allergens , and the 19-kDa allergen was relatively specific for BW-allergic patients .
Moreover , measurement of BW-specific IgE and the features of immunoblotting should be very useful tools in the diagnosis of BW allergy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The N-terminus of the 9-kDa isoallergens were not different from each other and were identified as the reported trypsin inhibitors of BW .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Chloroplast fructose-1 , 6-bisphosphatase from Oryza differs in salt tolerance property from the Porteresia enzyme and is protected by osmolytes .
| | Author: Ghosh S Bagchi S Lahiri Majumder A | | Journal: Citation: V : 160 ( 6 ) P : 1171-1181 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11337074 Accession (PMID): 11337074 | | Abstract: Salinity exerted a distinctly differential effect on fructose-1 , 6-bisphosphatase ( EC .
3 . 1 . 3 . 11 ) isolated from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice ( Oryza sativa ) varieties .
Cytosolic and chloroplastic isoforms of the enzyme from salt-sensitive rice seedlings exhibited decreased catalytic activity during growth in the presence of salt .
Furthermore , chloroplastic fructose 1 , 6-bisphosphatase purified from salt-sensitive ( O sativa cv .
IR26 ) and from the wild halophytic rice Porteresia coarctata differed in their in vitro salt tolerance property although they exhibited otherwise identical biochemical and immunological properties .
This decline in enzyme activity was not correlated with de novo synthesis of the chloroplastic fructose-1 , 6-bisphosphatase protein in the presence of salt .
The inhibitory effect of increasing concentration of NaCl on in vitro enzymatic activity could be prevented by preincubation of the enzyme with a number of osmolytes with an effectiveness in the order polyol>sugars .
Further , the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the purified rice enzyme is altered in vitro with increasing NaCl concentration which could be prevented by preincubation with inositol .
Purified chloroplastic fructose-1 . 6-bisphosphatase from P coarctata however , exhibits no such inhibition of enzyme activity in vitro or alteration in tryptophan fluorescence with increasing NaCl concentration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further , the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the purified rice enzyme is altered in vitro with increasing NaCl concentration which could be prevented by preincubation with inositol .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Purified chloroplastic fructose-1 . 6-bisphosphatase from P coarctata however , exhibits no such inhibition of enzyme activity in vitro or alteration in tryptophan fluorescence with increasing NaCl concentration .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit genes OASA1 and OASA2 .
Tryptophan accumulation in transgenic rice expressing a feedback-insensitive mutant of OASA1 .
| | Author: Tozawa Y Hasegawa H Terakawa T Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 126 ( 4 ) P : 1493-506 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11500548 Accession (PMID): 11500548 | | Abstract: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan ( Trp ) , indole-3-acetic acid , and indole alkaloids .
Two genes , OASA1 and OASA2 , encoding AS alpha-subunits were isolated from a monocotyledonous plant , rice ( Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare ) , and were characterized .
A phylogenetic tree of AS alpha-subunits from various species revealed a close evolutionary relationship among OASA1 and Arabidopsis ASA2 , Ruta graveolens AS alpha 2 , and tobacco ASA2 , whereas OASA2 , Arabidopsis ASA1 , and R graveolens AS alpha 1 were more distantly related .
OASA1 is expressed in all it issues tested , but the amount of its mRNA was greater in panicles than in leaves and roots .
The abundance of OASA2 transcripts is similar among it issues and greater than that of OASA1 transcripts ; furthermore , OASA2 expression was induced by a chitin heptamer , a potent elicitor , suggesting that OASA2 participates in secondary metabolism .
Expression of wild-type OASA1 or OASA2 transgenes did not affect the Trp content of rice calli or plants .
However , transformed calli and plants expressing a mutated OASA1 gene , OASA1 ( D323N ) , that encodes a protein in which aspartate-323 is replaced with asparagine manifested up to 180 and 35-fold increases , respectively , in Trp accumulation .
These transgenic calli and plants were resistant to 300 microM 5-methyl-Trp , and AS activity of the calli showed a markedly reduced sensitivity to Trp .
These results show that OASA1 is important in the regulation of free Trp concentration , and that mutation of OASA1 to render the encoded protein insensitive to feedback inhibition results in accumulation of Trp at high levels .
The OASA1 ( D323N ) transgene may prove useful for the generation of crops with an increased Trp content . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan ( Trp ) , indole-3-acetic acid , and indole alkaloids .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Some tryptophan pathways in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| | Author: Ansari MM Sridhar R | | Journal: Folia Microbiol .
( Praha ) Citation: V : 45 ( 6 ) P : 531-7 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11501419 Accession (PMID): 11501419 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , the causal organism of bacterial blight of rice which produces leaf blight as well as kresek ( wilt ) symptoms in plants were tested for indole , auxin production in culture supplemented with L-tryptophan .
On the basis of indoleacetic acid ( IAA ) production the isolates were grouped into IAA-positive and IAA-negative .
Out of 17 isolates , 11 were IAA-positive while 6 were IAA-negative .
The isolates metabolized tryptophan through two different routes and the isolates vary in the pathway of tryptophan utilization .
The IAA-positive isolates converted tryptophan to IAA as the end product , whereas the IAA-negative isolates formed anthranilate as an intermediate metabolite and finally produced pyrocatechol via the kynurenine pathway .
Quantification of tryptophan metabolism revealed that the maximum production of IAA and pyrocatechol in culture occurred during 2-d incubation at 30 +/- 2 degrees C | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: The isolates metabolized tryptophan through two different routes and the isolates vary in the pathway of tryptophan utilization .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The IAA-positive isolates converted tryptophan to IAA as the end product , whereas the IAA-negative isolates formed anthranilate as an intermediate metabolite and finally produced pyrocatechol via the kynurenine pathway .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quantification of tryptophan metabolism revealed that the maximum production of IAA and pyrocatechol in culture occurred during 2-d incubation at 30 +/- 2 degrees C
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Expression of beta-expansins is correlated with internodal elongation in deepwater rice .
| | Author: Lee Y Kende H | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 127 ( 2 ) P : 645-54 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11598238 Accession (PMID): 11598238 | | Abstract: Fourteen putative rice ( Oryza sativa ) beta-expansin genes , Os-EXPB1 through Os-EXPB14 , were identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases .
The DNA and deduced amino acid sequences are highly conserved in all 14 beta-expansins .
They have a series of conserved C ( cysteine ) residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , an HFD ( histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ) motif in the central region , and a series of W ( tryptophan ) residues near the carboxyl terminus .
Five beta-expansin genes are expressed in deepwater rice internodes , with especially high transcript levels in the growing region .
Expression of four beta-expansin genes in the internode was induced by treatment with gibberellin and by wounding .
The wound response resulted from excising stem sections or from piercing pinholes into the stem of intact plants .
The level of wound-induced beta-expansin transcripts declined rapidly 5 h after cutting of stem sections .
We conclude that the expression of beta-expansin genes is correlated with rapid elongation of deepwater rice internodes , it is induced by gibberellin and wounding , and wound-induced beta-expansin mRNA appears to turn over rapidly . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: They have a series of conserved C ( cysteine ) residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , an HFD ( histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ) motif in the central region , and a series of W ( tryptophan ) residues near the carboxyl terminus .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biochemical characterization of the kinase domain of the rice disease resistance receptor-like kinase XA21 .
| | Author: Liu GZ Pi LY Walker JC Ronald PC Song WY .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 277 ( 23 ) P : 20264-9 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11927577 Accession (PMID): 11927577 | | Abstract: The rice disease resistance gene , Xa21 , encodes a receptor kinase-like protein consisting of leucine-rich repeats in the putative extracellular domain and a serine/threonine kinase in the putative intracellular domain .
The putative XA21 kinase domain was expressed as maltose-binding and glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli .
The fusion proteins are capable of autophosphorylation .
Phosphoamino acid analysis of the glutathione S-transferase fusion protein indicates that only serine and threonine residues are phosphorylated .
The relative phosphorylation rate of the XA21 kinase against increasing enzyme concentrations follows a first-order rather than second-order kinetics , indicating an intramolecular phosphorylation mechanism .
Moreover , the active XA21 kinase can not phosphorylate a kinase-deficient mutant of XA21 kinase .
The enzymatic activity of the XA21 kinase in a buffer containing Mn ( 2+ ) is at least 15 times higher than that with Mg ( 2+ ) .
The K ( m ) and V ( max ) of XA21 kinase for ATP are 0 . 3 microm and 8 . 4 nmol/mg/min , respectively .
Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping reveals that multiple sites on the XA21 kinase are phosphorylated .
Finally , our data suggest that the region of XA21 kinase corresponding to the RD kinase activation domain is not phosphorylated , revealing a distinct mode of action compared with the tomato Pto serine/threonine kinase conferring disease resistance . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping reveals that multiple sites on the XA21 kinase are phosphorylated .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nutrient and sensory qualities of kunun zaki from different saccharification agents .
| | Author: Terna G Jideani IA Nkama I | | Journal: Citation: V : 53 ( 2 ) P : 109-15 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub11939105 Accession (PMID): 11939105 | | Abstract: Kunun zaki--a cereal-based non-alcoholic , non-carbonated beverage--was studied .
The ratio of blends of major ingredients , nutrient , amino acid content and sensory qualities of kunun zaki generated with different saccharifying agents were investigated .
The main ingredients of the formulations were malted rice , sweet potato , soybeans and Cadaba farinosa ( Dangarafa or Legel in Hausa ) , each used separately with sorghum to produce a kunun zaki type .
The weight ratios of the major ingredients were 8 : 91 for malted rice-sorghum , 7 : 92 for sweet potato-sorghum , 9 : 90 for soybean-sorghum and 4 : 95 for Cadaba farinosa-sorghum blends with ginger contributing 1% in each case as a spice .
The nutrient composition of kunun zaki samples from different saccharifying agents ranged from 87 to 91% for moisture , 3 . 19 to 7 . 86% for crude protein , 0 . 37 to 0 . 75% for fat , 0 . 93 to 1 . 20% for ash and 2 . 69 to 5 . 84% for carbohydrate .
Glutamic acid ( 4 . 49-11 . 66 g ) was the most abundant amino acid in the samples while cysteine was the least abundant ( 0 . 34-1 . 45 g ) in all the samples .
The lowest concentration of all the essential amino acids except for tryptophan occurred when malted rice was used ( 0 . 44-1 . 40 g ) .
Among the essential amino acids , cysteine , valine , isoleucine and methionine occurred in extremely low quantities compared with FAO/WHO reference protein values .
The dual role ( saccharification and enrichment ) of soybean in kunun zaki processing is a desirable attribute and offers an advantage over the other agents .
The different saccharifying agents had no significant effect ( P > 0 . 05 ) on colour and flavour of kunun zaki but did influence sweetness , mouthfeel and overall acceptability .
The beverage made with malted rice was most liked overall .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The lowest concentration of all the essential amino acids except for tryptophan occurred when malted rice was used ( 0 . 44-1 . 40 g ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A rice spotted leaf gene , Spl7 , encodes a heat stress transcription factor protein .
| | Author: Yamanouchi U Yano M Lin H Ashikari M Yamada K | | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 99 ( 11 ) P : 7530-5 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12032317 Accession (PMID): 12032317 | | Abstract: A rice spotted leaf ( lesion-mimic ) gene , Spl7 , was identified by map-based cloning .
High-resolution mapping with cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers enabled us to define a genomic region of 3 kb as a candidate for Spl7 .
We found one ORF that showed high similarity to a heat stress transcription factor ( HSF ) .
Transgenic analysis verified the function of the candidate gene for Spl7 : leaf spot development was suppressed in spl7 mutants with a wild-type Spl7 transgene .
Thus , we conclude that Spl7 encodes the HSF protein .
The transcript of spl7 was observed in mutant plants .
The levels of mRNAs ( Spl7 in wild type and spl7 in mutant ) increased under heat stress .
Sequence analysis revealed only one base substitution in the HSF DNA-binding domain of the mutant allele , causing a change from tryptophan to cysteine . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequence analysis revealed only one base substitution in the HSF DNA-binding domain of the mutant allele , causing a change from tryptophan to cysteine .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The patterns of Cd-binding proteins in rice and wheat seed and their stability .
| | Author: He MC Wong JW Yan JR .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 37 ( 4 ) P : 541-51 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12046654 Accession (PMID): 12046654 | | Abstract: The protein-binding forms of cadmium in polluted rice and wheat seeds and their stability were investigated using the methods of Sephadex chromatography .
Three absorption peaks ( F-I , F-II and F-III ) were identified in Tris-HCl extraction of rice and wheat on Sephadex G 75 .
The Cd in the protein extracts from rice and wheat seeds was distributed mainly in the fractions of F-I and F-III .
The apparent molecular weights of Cd-binding proteins for F-I and F-III were 54 . 5 and 5 . 5 KD , respectively .
The components of amino acid for the protein bound with heavy metals were different .
There were high contents of glutamic acid , cysteine , valine , isoleucine , leucine and tyrosine in the protein extracts of rice and wheat .
After cooking , the Cd-binding proteins were destroyed .
High molecular weight protein-binding form ( 54 . 5 KD ) was broken into low molecular weight complex ( 5 . 5 KD ) or tiny peptide chain .
Simultaneously , Cd bound with protein was released , or mainly bound with protein of smaller molecular size .
Enzyme treatment ( pepsin and trypsin ) also caused a destruction of Cd binding protein and a change in the distribution of Cd in the eluent .
The concentrations of Cd in the elution of first and third peak decreased markedly , and the Cd distribution was observed in the elution after third peak ( F-III ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enzyme treatment ( pepsin and trypsin ) also caused a destruction of Cd binding protein and a change in the distribution of Cd in the eluent .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Purification and characterization of a novel 7-kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 from rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
| | Author: Liu YJ Samuel D Lin CH Lyu PC .
| | Journal: Biochem . Biophys . Res . Commun . Citation: V : 294 ( 3 ) P : 535-40 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12056799 Accession (PMID): 12056799 | | Abstract: A novel 7-kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein-2 ( nsLTP2 ) has been isolated from rice ( Oryza sativa ) seeds .
In contrast to nsLTP1s , few nsLTP2s have been purified and characterized .
Complete amino acid sequence of rice nsLTP2 was determined by N-terminal Edman degradation of the intact protein as well as the peptide fragments resulted from trypsin digestions .
Rice nsLTP2 consists of 69 amino acid residues with eight conserved cysteines forming four disulfide bonds .
The secondary structure of rice nsLTP2 is predominantly alpha-helical as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy .
Cysteine pairings of nsLTP2 have one miss match at Cys ( 35 ) -X-Cys ( 37 ) motif compared to nsLTP1 .
Primary structure analysis of various plant nsLTP2s revealed an interesting conservation of sequence features among nsLTP2 family . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Complete amino acid sequence of rice nsLTP2 was determined by N-terminal Edman degradation of the intact protein as well as the peptide fragments resulted from trypsin digestions .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Three GC base pairs required for the efficient aminoacylation of tRNATrp by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis .
| | Author: Xu F Jiang G Li W He X Jin Y Wang D | | Journal: Biochemistry Citation: V : 41 ( 25 ) P : 8087-92 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12069601 Accession (PMID): 12069601 | | Abstract: Acceptor stem is an essential region in the recognition of tRNAs by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase .
In this study , a library containing 20 nt random region and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) from Bacillus subtilis were used for in vitro selection to find a new structural feature in the tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem sequence that is required for B subtilis TrpRS recognition .
After three rounds of selection , the TrpRS binding RNAs dominate the RNA pool .
The aptamers share a common structure of three GC base pairs , which was also found in the acceptor stem of wild-type B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) .
A series of tRNA ( Trp ) variants was prepared by in vitro transcription , and their efficiencies of tryptophanylation ( k ( cat ) /K ( M ) ) were measured with the aid of TrpRS from B subtilis .
The mutants that possess the three GC base pairs and G73 discriminator base exhibit almost the same aminoacylation efficiencies as B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) , while the G73 discriminator base itself can not confer efficient aminoacylation to the tRNA ( Trp ) molecule .
Thus , these three base pairs ( G2 . C71 , G3 . C70 , and G4 . C69 ) in the B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem were established to be new identity elements , and their importance was between the previously characterized major element G73 and minor elements A1/U72 and G5/C68 .
The minimum set of identity elements that is required to confer efficient aminoacylation by B subtilis TrpRS included G73 , G2 . C71 , G3 . C70 , and G4 . C69 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , a library containing 20 nt random region and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) from Bacillus subtilis were used for in vitro selection to find a new structural feature in the tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem sequence that is required for B subtilis TrpRS recognition .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A series of tRNA ( Trp ) variants was prepared by in vitro transcription , and their efficiencies of tryptophanylation ( k ( cat ) /K ( M ) ) were measured with the aid of TrpRS from B subtilis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ( NIRS ) enables the fast and accurate prediction of essential amino acid contents .
2 .
Results for wheat , barley , corn , triticale , wheat bran/middlings , rice bran , and sorghum .
| | Author: Fontaine J Schirmer B Hrr J | | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 50 ( 14 ) P : 3902-11 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12083857 Accession (PMID): 12083857 | | Abstract: Further NIRS calibrations were developed for the accurate and fast prediction of the total contents of methionine , cystine , lysine , threonine , tryptophan , and other essential amino acids , protein , and moisture in the most important cereals and brans or middlings for animal feed production .
More than 1100 samples of global origin collected over five years were analyzed for amino acids following the Official Methods of the United States and European Union .
Detailed data and graphics are given to characterize the obtained calibration equations .
NIRS was validated with 98 independent samples for wheat and 78 samples for corn and compared to amino acid predictions using linear crude protein regression equations .
With a few exceptions , validation showed that 70-98% of the amino acid variance in the samples could be explained using NIRS .
Especially for lysine and methionine , the most limiting amino acids for farm animals , NIRS can predict contents in cereals much better than crude protein regressions .
Through low cost and high speed of analysis NIRS enables the amino acid analysis of many samples in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation and obtain better quality and lower production costs . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Further NIRS calibrations were developed for the accurate and fast prediction of the total contents of methionine , cystine , lysine , threonine , tryptophan , and other essential amino acids , protein , and moisture in the most important cereals and brans or middlings for animal feed production .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Obtaining stem borer-resistant homozygous transgenic lines of Minghui 81 harboring novel cry1Ac gene via particle bombardment ] | | Author: Zeng QC Wu Q Zhou KD Feng DJ Wang F Su J Altosaar I Zhu Z | | Journal: Yi Chuan Xue Bao Citation: V : 29 ( 6 ) P : 519-24 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12096630 Accession (PMID): 12096630 | | Abstract: A modified cry1Ac gene was generated by fusing with Lys-Asp-Glu-Lue ( KDEL ) , an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3-ends , with signal peptide coding sequence of Soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) at the 5-ends .
Vector containing the modified cry1Ac gene coding region flanked by the corn ubiquitin 1 promoter and the nopaline synthase gene ( nos ) terminator with Hygromycin Phosphotransferase ( hpt ) gene as a plant selection marker was constructed .
The modified cry1Ac gene in which toxic protein targeted to endoplasmic retention was successfully transferred into Minghui 81 ( Oryza sativa L subsp . indica ) , an elite restoring line of commercial CMS indica hybrid rice , through particle bombardment and obtained fertile transformants .
Homozygous transgenic rice lines were obtained in the third generation exploiting self-seed set reproduction and HygromycinB selection .
These transgenic lines were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplification , Southern blotting and ELISA detection .
Pest insect-resistant bioassay indicated that some of the homozygous cry1Ac-transgenic rice plants of T2 progeny showed high-level resistance against striped stem borer ( Chilo suppressalis ) at field trials . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A modified cry1Ac gene was generated by fusing with Lys-Asp-Glu-Lue ( KDEL ) , an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3-ends , with signal peptide coding sequence of Soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) at the 5-ends .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s Imply a Eubacterial Origin .
| | Author: Chen L Jin YX Wang DB .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 32 ( 2 ) P : 100-104 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12098783 Accession (PMID): 12098783 | | Abstract: Three mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s genes from Oryza sativa , Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces serevisea were constructed .
In vitro transcripts of these mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s genes were able to be tryptophanylated by Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) , but could not be catalyzed by TrpRS from rat liver .
Kinetic assay showed that B subtilis TrpRS had half the binding capacity for mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s than for wild type tRNA ( Trp ) .
While in the catalytic efficiency , the k ( cat ) /K ( m ) value of mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s from Osativa and Sserevisea by Bsubtilis enzyme was reduced by 400-fold and 1 200-fold respectively as that of Bsubtilis tRNA ( Trp ) .
Experimental results suggested that mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s implied a eubacterial origin . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: In vitro transcripts of these mitochondrial tRNA ( Trp ) s genes were able to be tryptophanylated by Bacillus subtilis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) , but could not be catalyzed by TrpRS from rat liver .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources for phytase production by Mitsuokella jalaludinii , a new rumen bacterial species .
| | Author: Lan GQ Abdullah N Jalaludin S Ho YW .
| | Journal: Lett . Appl . Microbiol . Citation: V : 35 ( 2 ) P : 157-61 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12100593 Accession (PMID): 12100593 | | Abstract: AIMS : The effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on phytase production by Mitsuokella jalaludinii were evaluated and the optimization of rice bran ( RB ) and soybean milk ( SM ) concentrations in the medium for phytase production was also determined .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Replacement of glucose , cellobiose and starch in MF1 medium by RB or palm kernel cake and replacement of trypticase peptone and yeast extract in the medium by SM or enzymatic digested soybean milk significantly increased the phytase production by M jalaludinii .
The optimal concentrations of RB and SM in the medium for phytase production were 15% RB and 20% SM or 20% RB and 10% SM or 20% RB and 20% SM and the phytase activities in the media were 12 . 53 , 12 . 93 and 12 . 75 U g-1 culture broth , respectively .
CONCLUSIONS , SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY : The high production of phytase by M jalaludinii warrants further research to increase its yield by genetic manipulation for commercial application .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS AND RESULTS : Replacement of glucose , cellobiose and starch in MF1 medium by RB or palm kernel cake and replacement of trypticase peptone and yeast extract in the medium by SM or enzymatic digested soybean milk significantly increased the phytase production by M jalaludinii .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Nutritional studies with rice bran ] | | Author: Guerra MJ Jaff WG .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 25 ( 4 ) P : 401-17 Year: 1975 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1220617 Accession (PMID): 1220617 | | Abstract: The nutritional value and proximate chemical composition of five samples of rice bran taken from different varieties of rice grown in Venezuela was studied .
Thiamin , niacin , riboflavin and tryptophan , lysine , methionine and cystine were analyzed .
The apparent protein digestibility was between 59 an 74% , and the Protein Efficiency Ratio ( PER ) between 1 . 19 and 2 . 31 .
The supplementation with threonine increased the Protein Efficiency Ratio in 12% , but supplementation with tryptophan did not improve it neither alone nor combined with threonine .
Combinations with corn and soyflour that simulate formulas for infants showed that there is a protein supplementation in these mixtures .
Some combinations with corn , soy flour , and rice bran had the same PER as casein .
The rice bran is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals in these combinations .
The results showed that rice bran has potential value for human consumption . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thiamin , niacin , riboflavin and tryptophan , lysine , methionine and cystine were analyzed .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The supplementation with threonine increased the Protein Efficiency Ratio in 12% , but supplementation with tryptophan did not improve it neither alone nor combined with threonine .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Putative protein digestion in a sap-sucking homopteran plant pest ( rice brown plant hopper ; Nilaparvata lugens : Delphacidae ) --identification of trypsin-like and cathepsin B-like proteases .
| | Author: Foissac X Edwards MG Du JP Gatehouse AM Gatehouse JA .
| | Journal: Insect Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 32 ( 9 ) P : 967-78 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12213233 Accession (PMID): 12213233 | | Abstract: Sap-sucking phytophagous insect species of the order Hemiptera have been assumed not to carry out digestive proteolysis , but instead to rely on free amino acids in the phloem and xylem saps for their nutritional requirements .
Extracts prepared from isolated guts of rice brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ) , a homopteran crop pest , were shown to contain protease activity , with hydrolysis of both protein and synthetic peptide substrates being observed .
Assays with specific inhibitors suggested that a trypsin-like serine protease was responsible for most of hydrolytic activity against synthetic substrates .
A cDNA library was prepared from RNA extracted from N lugens gut it issue , and screened for protease-encoding sequences . cDNAs for a cathepsin B-like protease and a trypsin-like protease were isolated and fully characterised ; the latter exhibits a novel C-terminal region and an unusual activation mechanism , and represents a small gene family .
Soya bean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) is an effective inhibitor of protein hydrolysis by N lugens gut extracts in vitro , explaining why transgenic rice plants expressing this protein are partially resistant to the insect ( Mol . Breed . 5 ( 1999 ) 1 ) .
It is suggested that digestive proteolysis may be widespread in sap-sucking homoptera , and can make a significant contribution to nutrition .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Assays with specific inhibitors suggested that a trypsin-like serine protease was responsible for most of hydrolytic activity against synthetic substrates .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A cDNA library was prepared from RNA extracted from N lugens gut it issue , and screened for protease-encoding sequences . cDNAs for a cathepsin B-like protease and a trypsin-like protease were isolated and fully characterised ; the latter exhibits a novel C-terminal region and an unusual activation mechanism , and represents a small gene family .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Soya bean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) is an effective inhibitor of protein hydrolysis by N lugens gut extracts in vitro , explaining why transgenic rice plants expressing this protein are partially resistant to the insect ( Mol . Breed . 5 ( 1999 ) 1 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Salt-tolerant ATPase activity in the plasma membrane of the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L | | Author: Muramatsu Y Harada A Ohwaki Y Kasahara Y Takagi S Fukuhara T | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 43 ( 10 ) P : 1137-45 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12407193 Accession (PMID): 12407193 | | Abstract: Plasma membrane ( PM ) H ( + ) -ATPase and H ( + ) transport activity were detected in PM fractions prepared from Zostera marina ( a seagrass ) , Vallisneria gigantea ( a freshwater grass ) and Oryza sativa ( rice , a terrestrial plant ) .
The properties of Z marina PM H ( + ) -ATPase , specifically , the optimal pH for ATPase activity and the result of trypsin treatment , were similar to those of authentic PM H ( + ) -ATPases in higher plants .
In V gigantea and O sativa PM fractions , vanadate-sensitive ( P-type ) ATPase activities were inhibited by the addition of NaCl .
In contrast , activity in the Z marina PM fraction was not inhibited .
The nitrate-sensitive ( V-type ) and azide-sensitive ( F-type ) ATPase activities in the Z marina crude microsomal fraction and the cytoplasmic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity , however , were inhibited by NaCl , indicating that not all enzyme activities in Z marina are insensitive to salt .
Although the ratio of Na ( + ) to K ( + ) ( Na ( + ) /K ( + ) ) in seawater is about 30 , Na ( + ) /K ( + ) in the Z marina cells was about 1 . 0 .
The salt-tolerant ATPase activity in the plasma membrane must play an important role in maintaining a low Na ( + ) concentration in the seagrass cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The properties of Z marina PM H ( + ) -ATPase , specifically , the optimal pH for ATPase activity and the result of trypsin treatment , were similar to those of authentic PM H ( + ) -ATPases in higher plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect of probiotic fermentation on antinutrients and in vitro protein and starch digestibilities of indigenously developed RWGT food mixture .
| | Author: Sindhu SC Khetarpaul N | | Journal: Citation: V : 16 ( 3 ) P : 173-81 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12418801 Accession (PMID): 12418801 | | Abstract: Indigenously developed RWGT food mixture which contained rice flour , whey , sprouted green gram paste and tomato pulp ( 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 w/w ) was autoclaved 1 . 5 kg/cm2 , 15 min , 121 degrees C ) , cooled and fermented with 2% liquid culture ( containing 10 ( 6 ) cells/ml broth ) .
Two types of fermentations were carried out ie single culture fermentation [ L casei , L plantarum ( 37 degrees C , 24 hr . ) ] and sequential culture fermentation [ S boulardii ( 25 degrees C , 24 hr . ) + L casei ( 37 degrees C , 24 hr . ) ] ; S boulardii [ ( 25 degrees C , 24 hr . ) + L plantarum ( 37 degrees C , 24 hr . ) ] .
All the fermentations drastically reduced the contents of phytic acid , polyphenols and trypsin inhibitor activity while significantly improving the in vitro digestibilities of starch and protein .
Sequential culture fermentations brought about higher changes as compared to single culture fermentations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: All the fermentations drastically reduced the contents of phytic acid , polyphenols and trypsin inhibitor activity while significantly improving the in vitro digestibilities of starch and protein .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Expression of alpha-expansin and expansin-like genes in deepwater rice .
| | Author: Lee Y Kende H | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 130 ( 3 ) P : 1396-405 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12428004 Accession (PMID): 12428004 | | Abstract: Previously , we have studied the expression and regulation of four alpha and 14 beta-expansin genes in deepwater rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
We now report on the structure , expression , and regulation of 22 additional alpha-expansin ( Os-EXP ) genes , four expansin-like ( Os-EXPL ) genes , and one expansin-related ( Os-EXPR ) gene , which have recently been identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases of rice .
Alpha-expansins are characterized by a series of conserved Cys residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ( HFD ) motif in the central region , and a series of tryptophan residues near the carboxyl terminus .
Of the 22 additional alpha-expansin genes , five are expressed in internodes and leaves , three in coleoptiles , and nine in roots , with high transcript levels in the growing regions of these organs .
Transcripts of five alpha-expansin genes were found in roots only .
Expression of five alpha-expansin genes was induced in the internode by treatment with gibberellin ( GA ) and by wounding .
The wound response resulted from excising stem sections or from piercing pinholes into the stem of intact plants .
EXPL proteins lack the HFD motif and have two additional Cys residues in their C and N-terminal regions .
The positions of conserved tryptophan residues at the C-terminal region are different from those of alpha and beta-expansins .
Expression of the Os-EXPL3 gene is correlated with elongation and slightly induced by applied GA .
However , the expression of the Os-EXPL1 and Os-EXPL2 genes showed limited correlation with cell elongation and was not induced by GA .
We found no expression of the Os-EXPR1 gene in the organs examined . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alpha-expansins are characterized by a series of conserved Cys residues in the N-terminal half of the protein , a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate ( HFD ) motif in the central region , and a series of tryptophan residues near the carboxyl terminus .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The positions of conserved tryptophan residues at the C-terminal region are different from those of alpha and beta-expansins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Melatonin : a hormone , a it issue factor , an autocoid , a paracoid , and an antioxidant vitamin .
| | Author: Tan DX Manchester LC Hardeland R Lopez-Burillo S Mayo JC Sainz RM Reiter RJ .
| | Journal: J Pineal Res .
Citation: V : 34 ( 1 ) P : 75-8 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12485375 Accession (PMID): 12485375 | | Abstract: Melatonin , a derivative of an essential amino acid , tryptophan , was first identified in bovine pineal it issue and subsequently it has been portrayed exclusively as a hormone .
Recently accumulated evidence has challenged this concept .
Melatonin is present in the earliest life forms and is found in all organisms including bacteria , algae , fungi , plants , insects , and vertebrates including humans .
Several characteristics of melatonin distinguish it from a classic hormone such as its direct , non-receptor-mediated free radical scavenging activity .
As melatonin is also ingested in foodstuffs such as vegetables , fruits , rice , wheat and herbal medicines , from the nutritional point of view , melatonin can also be classified as a vitamin .
It seems likely that melatonin initially evolved as an antioxidant , becoming a vitamin in the food chain , and in multicellular organisms , where it is produced , it has acquired autocoid , paracoid and hormonal properties .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Melatonin , a derivative of an essential amino acid , tryptophan , was first identified in bovine pineal it issue and subsequently it has been portrayed exclusively as a hormone .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Melatonin , serotonin , and tryptamine in some egyptian food and medicinal plants .
| | Author: Badria FA .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 5 ( 3 ) P : 153-7 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12495587 Accession (PMID): 12495587 | | Abstract: The mammalian pineal hormone melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine ) , an aminoindole produced by the metabolism of serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine ) , has been shown to be a potent scavenger for the highly toxic hydroxyl radical Three substances that are very important in animal physiology ( eg , in brain metabolism ) are noradrenaline , histamine , and serotonin ; all three occur in plants .
Here we report that serotonin , tryptamine , and melatonin were found in some edible and medicinal plants in Egypt .
The results of this screening showed that the pulp of underripe and ripe yellow banana contains 5-hydroxytryptamine at concentrations of 31 . 4 and 18 . 5 ng/g , respectively .
Corn , rice , barley grains , and ginger showed the highest concentrations of melatonin , at 187 . 8 , 149 . 8 , 87 . 3 , 142 . 3 ng/100 g , respectively .
On the other hand , potato samples were free from all indolamines .
Pomegranate and strawberry showed a low level of indolamines ( 8-12 microg/g serotonin , 4-9 microg/g tryptamine , and 13-29 ng/100 g melatonin ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here we report that serotonin , tryptamine , and melatonin were found in some edible and medicinal plants in Egypt .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Pomegranate and strawberry showed a low level of indolamines ( 8-12 microg/g serotonin , 4-9 microg/g tryptamine , and 13-29 ng/100 g melatonin ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel plant protein undergoing light-induced phosphorylation and release from the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes .
| | Author: Carlberg I Hansson M Kieselbach T Schrder WP Andersson B Vener AV .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 100 ( 2 ) P : 757-62 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12524456 Accession (PMID): 12524456 | | Abstract: The characteristics of a phosphoprotein with a relative electrophoretic mobility of 12 kDa have been unknown during two decades of studies on redox-dependent protein phosphorylation in plant photosynthetic membranes .
Digestion of this protein from spinach thylakoid membranes with trypsin and subsequent tandem nanospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the peptides revealed a protein sequence that did not correspond to any previously known protein .
Sequencing of the corresponding cDNA uncovered a gene for a precursor protein with a transit peptide followed by a strongly basic mature protein with a molecular mass of 8 , 640 Da .
Genes encoding homologous proteins were found on chromosome 3 of Arabidopsis and rice as well as in ESTs from 20 different plant species , but not from any other organisms .
The protein can be released from the membrane with high salt and is also partially released in response to light-induced phosphorylation of thylakoids , in contrast to all other known thylakoid phosphoproteins , which are integral to the membrane .
On the basis of its properties , this plant-specific protein is named thylakoid soluble phosphoprotein of 9 kDa ( TSP9 ) .
Mass spectrometric analyses revealed the existence of non- , mono- , di- , and triphosphorylated forms of TSP9 and phosphorylation of three distinct threonine residues in the central part of the protein .
The phosphorylation and release of TSP9 from the photosynthetic membrane on illumination favor participation of this basic protein in cell signaling and regulation of plant gene expression in response to changing light conditions .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Digestion of this protein from spinach thylakoid membranes with trypsin and subsequent tandem nanospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the peptides revealed a protein sequence that did not correspond to any previously known protein .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: [ Research of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathway of Klebsiella oxytoca SG-11 by HPLC and GC-MS ] | | Author: LEZX Song W | | Journal: Citation: V : 18 ( 4 ) P : 328-31 Year: 2000 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12541509 Accession (PMID): 12541509 | | Abstract: The plant growth promoting bacteria are closely associated to plant .
The bacteria are used to adhering to plant rhizoplane , promoting plant growth by fixing nitrogen from atmosphere , secreting stimulating substances or producing antagonistic to plant pathogens .
It was indicated that the biological nitrogen fixation played an important role in plant growth promoting function .
In fact , it was verified recently by overall research that IAA does it .
Therefore research of IAA production and biosynthetic pathway of plant growth-promoting bacteria is much more important .
The various ways of IAA production indicated the strong or weak promoting function of bacterium to plants in general The purpose of this paper is to determine whether IAA exists in cultured medium of Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 and biosynthetic pathway of IAA , in order to opimize cultural conditions for IAA production .
Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 is a plant growth promoting bacterium , isolated from rice rhizoplane , which can fix nitrogen .
The supernatant of SG-11 cultured medium determined by HPLC showed that 47 . 4 mg/L of IAA existed in LB medium and 1 . 2 mg/L of IAA , in basal medium .
IAA in metabolite was identified by GC/MS as well .
The intermediate determination of tryptamine , indole-3-acetamide , tryptophol and indole-3-acetonitrile indirectly indicated that IAA was biosynthesized in a pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid .
Meanwhile , tryptophol in metabolite of SG-11 was verified by GC/MS .
The direct intermediates of indole-3-pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde in the pathway can not be determined , because both are unstable under normal condition .
As reversible conversion existed between indole-3 pyruvic aldehyde and tryptophol , the presence of tryptophol also proved the pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid in the synthesis of IAA by Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 .
The results laid basis for further research of plant growth-promoting function of the bacterium .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 2.00 ]: The intermediate determination of tryptamine , indole-3-acetamide , tryptophol and indole-3-acetonitrile indirectly indicated that IAA was biosynthesized in a pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid .
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 2.00 ]: As reversible conversion existed between indole-3 pyruvic aldehyde and tryptophol , the presence of tryptophol also proved the pathway of indole-3-pyruvic acid in the synthesis of IAA by Klebsiella axytoca SG-11 .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Meanwhile , tryptophol in metabolite of SG-11 was verified by GC/MS .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Purification and partial characterization of antagonistic proteins from Bacillus subtilis B034 ] | | Author: Tong Y Ma Z Chen W Li D | | Journal: Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao Citation: V : 39 ( 4 ) P : 339-43 Year: 1999 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12555573 Accession (PMID): 12555573 | | Abstract: Bacillus subtilis B034 , an antagonistic bacteria isolated from the phyllosphere of rice , strongly inhibits the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae which causes the rice bacterial blight .
Crude extract was obtained by precipitation of the cell-free culture of B034 with 70% saturated ( NH4 ) 2SO4 .
The suspension of the precipitate strongly inhibits Xanthomonas oryzae pv . o-ryzae , and it is thermostable , resistant to trypsin , partial sensitive to proteinase K , pronase E and chloroform .
Its active pH range is wide , from 4 . 0 to more than 12 . 0 , relative more stable in high pH .
Two antagonistic peaks were obtained from the crude extract of B034 after Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B , DEAE-Sephacel and FPLC Superdex 75 HR 10/30 column chromatography .
One of these two peaks , named P2 , was showed only single band with 50 . 3 kD and pI6 . 25 in SDS-PAGE and PAGE-IEF , respectively .
The N-terminal partial sequence of protein P2 was analyzed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The suspension of the precipitate strongly inhibits Xanthomonas oryzae pv . o-ryzae , and it is thermostable , resistant to trypsin , partial sensitive to proteinase K , pronase E and chloroform .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor CMe from barley in indica and japonica rice , confers resistance to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae .
| | Author: Alfonso-Rub J Ortego F Castaera P Carbonero P Daz I | | Journal: Transgenic Res .
Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 23-31 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12650522 Accession (PMID): 12650522 | | Abstract: Indica and japonica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the Itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe , under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity , and the maize ubiquitin promoter .
From 38 independent transgenic lines of indica ( breeding line IR58 ) and 15 of the japonica ( cv Senia ) selected , 22 and 11 , respectively , expressed the barley inhibitor at detectable levels .
The transgene was correctly translated as indicated by western blot analysis with a level of expression in R3 seeds up to 0 . 31% ( IR58 ) and 0 . 43% ( Senia ) of the total extracted protein .
The functional integrity of BTI-CMe was confirmed by trypsin activity assays in liquid media and by activity staining gels , performed with seed extracts .
The significant reduction of the survival rate of the rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae , Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) reared on homozygous transgenic indica and japonica rice seeds expressing the BTI-CMe , compared to non-transformed controls , and the decrease in the trypsin-like activity of insect crude midgut extracts , confirmed the utility of this proteinase inhibitor gene for the control of important storage pests . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Indica and japonica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the Itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe , under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity , and the maize ubiquitin promoter .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The functional integrity of BTI-CMe was confirmed by trypsin activity assays in liquid media and by activity staining gels , performed with seed extracts .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The significant reduction of the survival rate of the rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae , Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) reared on homozygous transgenic indica and japonica rice seeds expressing the BTI-CMe , compared to non-transformed controls , and the decrease in the trypsin-like activity of insect crude midgut extracts , confirmed the utility of this proteinase inhibitor gene for the control of important storage pests .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteomics approach to identify wound-response related proteins from rice leaf sheath .
| | Author: Shen S Jing Y Kuang T | | Journal: Proteomics Citation: V : 3 ( 4 ) P : 527-35 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12687619 Accession (PMID): 12687619 | | Abstract: In order to avoid the complex conditions of the intact plant for simple analysis of proteins in wound-response stress , we used the detached rice leaf sheath which is a very active part of the rice seedling .
Proteins were extracted from rice leaf sheath at 0 , 12 , 24 , 48 h after cutting and separated by two-dimensional ( 2-D ) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
Changes in differentially displayed proteins were found in leaf sheaths after cutting in the 0-48 h time course .
Ten proteins were up-regulated , while 19 proteins were down-regulated compared with those on the four 2-D gels .
Among them , 14 proteins were analyzed by N-terminal , or internal amino acid sequence .
The clear functions of nine proteins could be identified .
Six proteins did not yield amino acid sequence information due to their blocked N-termini .
Furthermore , 11 proteins were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry , and identified protein database matching .
It was shown that the down-regulated proteins were calreticulin ( nos .
5 , 6 ) , histone H1 ( no 15 ) and hemoglobin ( no 17 ) , putative peroxidase ( no 19 ) ; the up-regulated proteins were Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor ( no 23 ) , putative receptor-like protein kinase ( nos .
24 , 25 ) , calmodulin-related protein ( no 26 ) , small subunit of ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( no 27 ) , mannose-binding rice lectin ( nos .
28 , 29 ) .
Among all the above proteins , four ( nos .
23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ) have been confirmed to be wound-response proteins .
The others can not be excluded as also being related to wound-responses , such as the signal transduction-related proteins ( nos .
5 , 6 ) , photosynthesis-related protein ( no 27 ) , and stress-response proteins ( nos .
19 , 28 , 29 ) .
This is the first time protein changes in response to wounding in rice leaf sheath have been shown . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: 5 , 6 ) , histone H1 ( no 15 ) and hemoglobin ( no 17 ) , putative peroxidase ( no 19 ) ; the up-regulated proteins were Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor ( no 23 ) , putative receptor-like protein kinase ( nos .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Proteolytic gut activities in the rice water weevil , Lissorhoptrus brevirostris Suffrian ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) .
| | Author: Hernndez CA Pujol M Alfonso-RubEJ Armas R Coll Y Prez M Gonzlez A Ruiz M Castaera P Ortego F | | Journal: Arch .
Insect Biochem . Physiol . Citation: V : 53 ( 1 ) P : 19-29 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12701111 Accession (PMID): 12701111 | | Abstract: Digestive endoprotease activities of the rice water weevil , Lissorhoptrus brevirostris Suffrian ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) , were characterized based on the ability of gut extracts to hydrolyze specific synthetic substrates , optimal pH , and hydrolysis sensitivity to protease inhibitors .
Larvae of this species were found to use a complex proteolytic system that includes cathepsin D- , cathepsin B- , trypsin- , and chymotrypsin-like activities .
Trypsin-like activity was evenly distributed among the anterior , middle , and posterior portions of the gut , whereas cathepsin B and cathepsin D-like activities were mainly located in the anterior and middle sections , and the chymotrypsin-like activity was highest in the middle and posterior sections .
Gelatin-containing native-PAGE gels indicated the presence of several aspartyl , cysteine , and serine protease forms and confirmed the spatial organization of the proteolytic digestive process .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Larvae of this species were found to use a complex proteolytic system that includes cathepsin D- , cathepsin B- , trypsin- , and chymotrypsin-like activities .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trypsin-like activity was evenly distributed among the anterior , middle , and posterior portions of the gut , whereas cathepsin B and cathepsin D-like activities were mainly located in the anterior and middle sections , and the chymotrypsin-like activity was highest in the middle and posterior sections .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Assessing matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry as a means of rapid embryo protein identification in rice .
| | Author: Fukuda M Islam N Woo SH Yamagishi A Takaoka M Hirano H | | Journal: Electrophoresis Citation: V : 24 ( 7-8 ) P : 1319-29 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12707926 Accession (PMID): 12707926 | | Abstract: Rice embryo proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ( 2-DE ) .
A total of 105 spots were digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) .
Raw mass spectra were fully-automatically processed and searched with selected monoisotopic masses against SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL and NCBInr databases .
High quality mass spectra were obtained from 53 spots , of which 36 spots were identified including 29 not registered in databases .
Fifty percent of the rice embryo proteins resolved in 2-DE could not be identified , indicating more efficient sample preparation techniques need to be developed in the future .
At least four to five matching peptides were found to be essential for unambiguous identification of rice embryo proteins ; peptide matching of less than four lead to ambiguous results .
The suitability of peptide mass fingerprinting method as a means of rapid embryo protein identification in rice was discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 105 spots were digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The major peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity in thylakoid lumen of plant chloroplasts belongs to a novel cyclophilin TLP20 .
| | Author: Edvardsson A Eshaghi S Vener AV Andersson B | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 542 ( 1-3 ) P : 137-41 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12729913 Accession (PMID): 12729913 | | Abstract: Fractionation of proteins from the thylakoid lumen of spinach chloroplasts combined with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase ( PPIase ) measurements revealed a major isomerase activity that was ascribed to a novel enzyme TLP20 ( thylakoid lumen PPIase of 20 kDa ) .
TLP20 was inhibited by cyclosporin A and mass spectrometric sequencing of tryptic peptides confirmed its classification as a cyclophilin .
Genes encoding similar putative thylakoid cyclophilins with a unique insert of three amino acids NPV in their N-termini were found in chromosome 5 of both Arabidopsis and rice .
TLP20 is suggested to be the major PPIase and protein folding catalyst in the thylakoid lumen of plant chloroplasts .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: TLP20 was inhibited by cyclosporin A and mass spectrometric sequencing of tryptic peptides confirmed its classification as a cyclophilin .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Towards an analysis of the rice mitochondrial proteome .
| | Author: Heazlewood JL Howell KA Whelan J Millar AH .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 132 ( 1 ) P : 230-42 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12746528 Accession (PMID): 12746528 | | Abstract: Purified rice ( Oryza sativa ) mitochondrial proteins have been arrayed by isoelectric focusing/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( PAGE ) , by blue-native ( BN ) PAGE , and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ( LC ) separation ( LC-mass spectrometry [ MS ] ) .
From these protein arrays , we have identified a range of rice mitochondrial proteins , including hydrophilic/hydrophobic proteins ( grand average of hydropathicity = -1 . 27 to +0 . 84 ) , highly basic and acid proteins ( isoelectric point = 4 . 0-12 . 5 ) , and proteins over a large molecular mass range ( 6 . 7-252 kD ) , using proteomic approaches .
BN PAGE provided a detailed picture of electron transport chain protein complexes .
A total of 232 protein spots from isoelectric focusing/PAGE and BN PAGE separations were excised , trypsin digested , and analyzed by tandem MS ( MS/MS ) .
Using this dataset , 149 of the protein spots ( the products of 91 nonredundant genes ) were identified by searching translated rice open reading frames from genomic sequence and six-frame translated rice expressed sequence tags .
Sequence comparison allowed us to assign functions to a subset of 85 proteins , including many of the major function categories expected for this organelle .
A further six spots were matched to rice sequences for which no specific function has yet been determined .
Complete digestion of mitochondrial proteins with trypsin yielded a peptide mixture that was analyzed directly by reverse-phase LC via organic solvent elution from a C-18 column ( LC-MS ) .
These data yielded 170 MS/MS spectra that matched 72 sequence entries from open reading frame and expressed sequence tag databases .
Forty-five of these were obtained using LC-MS alone , whereas 28 proteins were identified by both LC-MS and gel-based separations .
In total , 136 nonredundant rice proteins were identified , including a new set of 23 proteins of unknown function located in plant mitochondria .
We also report the first direct identification , to our knowledge , of PPR ( pentatricopeptide repeat ) proteins in the plant mitochondrial proteome .
This dataset provides the first extensive picture , to our knowledge , of mitochondrial functions in a model monocot plant . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: A total of 232 protein spots from isoelectric focusing/PAGE and BN PAGE separations were excised , trypsin digested , and analyzed by tandem MS ( MS/MS ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Complete digestion of mitochondrial proteins with trypsin yielded a peptide mixture that was analyzed directly by reverse-phase LC via organic solvent elution from a C-18 column ( LC-MS ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Fate of selenate metabolized by Enterobacter taylorae isolated from rice straw .
| | Author: Zahir ZA Zhang Y Frankenberger WT .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 51 ( 12 ) P : 3609-13 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12769533 Accession (PMID): 12769533 | | Abstract: Rice straw has been successfully tested as an effective organic source and a carrier of selenate [ Se ( VI ) ] -reducing bacteria to remove Se ( VI ) from agricultural drainage water .
In this study , an Se ( VI ) -reducing bacterium identified as Enterobacter taylorae was isolated from rice straw and used to remove Se ( VI ) from a 0 . 5% tryptic soy broth ( TSB ) and high-salt ( 15 . 5 dS m ( - ) ( 1 ) ) synthetic agricultural drainage water containing Se ( VI ) in a range of 500-5000 microg/L Results showed that E taylorae reduced 81-94% of the added Se ( VI ) to elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] in the 0 . 5% TSB solution during a 5-day experiment .
In the high-salt drainage water , Se ( VI ) reduction was rapid during a 9-day experiment .
On the final day of the experiment , Se ( 0 ) [ 75% ] and Se ( -II ) [ 19% ] were the major forms of Se in the drainage water with small amounts of Se ( VI ) , Se ( IV ) , and volatile Se released .
The pathway of Se ( VI ) reduction in the drainage water followed the order Se ( VI ) --> selenite [ Se ( IV ) ] --> Se ( 0 ) --> selenide [ Se ( -II ) ] .
This study suggests that E taylorae may be used to remediate high-salt Se ( VI ) -contaminated agricultural drainage water . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , an Se ( VI ) -reducing bacterium identified as Enterobacter taylorae was isolated from rice straw and used to remove Se ( VI ) from a 0 . 5% tryptic soy broth ( TSB ) and high-salt ( 15 . 5 dS m ( - ) ( 1 ) ) synthetic agricultural drainage water containing Se ( VI ) in a range of 500-5000 microg/L Results showed that E taylorae reduced 81-94% of the added Se ( VI ) to elemental Se [ Se ( 0 ) ] in the 0 . 5% TSB solution during a 5-day experiment .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Bioactive proteins and peptides from food sources .
Applications of bioprocesses used in isolation and recovery .
| | Author: Kitts DD Weiler K | | Journal: Curr . Pharm . Des . Citation: V : 9 ( 16 ) P : 1309-23 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12769739 Accession (PMID): 12769739 | | Abstract: There are many examples of biologically active food proteins , with physiological significance beyond the pure nutritional requirements that concern available nitrogen for normal growth and maintenance .
Moreover , there are many physiologically active peptides , derived by protease activity from various food protein sources ; however , relationships between structural properties and functional activities have not been completely elucidated .
Many bioactive peptides have in common structural properties that include a relatively short peptide residue length ( eg 2-9 amino acids ) , possessing hydrophobic amino acid residues in addition to proline , lysine or arginine groups .
Bioactive peptides are also resistant to the action of digestion peptidases .
Antihypertensive peptides , known as Angiotensin I converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors have been derived from milk , corn and fish protein sources .
Peptides with opioid activities are derived from wheat gluten or casein , following digestion with pepsin .
Exorphins , or opioid peptides derived from food proteins such as wheat and milk ( eg exogenous sources ) have similar structure to endogenous opioid peptides , with a tyrosine residue located at the amino terminal or bioactive site .
Immunomodulatory peptides derived from tryptic hydrolysates of rice and soybean proteins act to stimulate superoxide anions ( reactive oxygen species-ROS ) , which triggers non-specific immune defense systems .
Antioxidant properties that prevent peroxidation of essential fatty acids have also been shown for peptides derived from milk proteins .
The addition of a Leu or Pro residue to the N-terminus of a His-His , dipeptide will enhance antioxidant activity and facilitate further synergy with non-peptide antioxidants ( eg BHT ) .
We also show herein , that the tryptic digests of casein yielding caseinophosphopeptides exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity due to both metal ion sequestering and quenching of ROS .
The separation and purification of bioactive peptides which will involve development of automated and continuous systems is an important field for Food chemists .
Much effort has been given to develop selective column chromatography methods that can replace batch methods of salting out , or using solvent extraction to isolate and purify bioactive peptides .
Advances here will enable recovery of bioactive peptides with minimal destruction thus enabling utilization by returning these active peptides to functional food or specific nutraceutical applications .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Immunomodulatory peptides derived from tryptic hydrolysates of rice and soybean proteins act to stimulate superoxide anions ( reactive oxygen species-ROS ) , which triggers non-specific immune defense systems .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: We also show herein , that the tryptic digests of casein yielding caseinophosphopeptides exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity due to both metal ion sequestering and quenching of ROS .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Stability of recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin produced in rice in infant formula .
| | Author: Chowanadisai W Huang J Huang N Lnnerdal B | | Journal: J Nutr . Biochem . Citation: V : 14 ( 7 ) P : 386-93 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12915219 Accession (PMID): 12915219 | | Abstract: Human milk contains several biologically active proteins that benefit the breast-fed infant .
In order to survive in the gastrointestinal tract , these proteins need to be protected against proteolysis .
Since human milk contains relatively high concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin ( AAT ) , we have expressed recombinant AAT in rice to explore the possibility of supplementing infant formula with this protein .
The stability of recombinant AAT was examined by biochemical and functional assays , such as SDS-PAGE , Western blotting , ELISA , elastase and trypsin inhibition , following exposure to heat , low pH , and in vitro digestion , conducted in both phosphate buffered saline and infant formula .
Native AAT is resistant to acidic environments down to pH 2 for 1 h and can withstand in vitro digestion modeled after conditions in the infant gut .
Recombinant AAT is nearly as resistant as the native form in buffer , and is equally resilient in formula .
Heat treatments ( 60 degrees C for 15 min , 72 degrees C for 20 sec , 85 degrees C for 3 min , and 137 degrees C for 20 sec ) revealed that recombinant AAT is not as stable as native AAT in buffer , particularly at higher temperatures .
While significantly less recombinant AAT is detected by ELISA after heating in formula , addition of bile extract can restore epitopes resulting in higher concentrations , suggesting protein aggregation that may not affect AAT activity .
This study shows that recombinant AAT may survive the conditions of the infant stomach and duodenum and affect protein digestion in the infant small intestine . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stability of recombinant AAT was examined by biochemical and functional assays , such as SDS-PAGE , Western blotting , ELISA , elastase and trypsin inhibition , following exposure to heat , low pH , and in vitro digestion , conducted in both phosphate buffered saline and infant formula .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel type of Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene family in rice .
| | Author: Qu LJ Chen J Liu M Pan N Okamoto H Lin Z Li C Li D Wang J Zhu G Zhao X Chen X Gu H Chen Z | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 133 ( 2 ) P : 560-70 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub12972663 Accession (PMID): 12972663 | | Abstract: Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( BBI ) genes encode serine protease inhibitors that have repetitive cysteine-rich domains with reactive sites for the trypsin or chymotrypsin family .
We have identified seven BBI genes from japonica rice ( Oryza sativa subsp . japonica var Teqing ) .
All of the genes identified were found in a single cluster on the southern end of the long arm of rice chromosome 1 .
Four of the seven BBI genes have two repetitive cysteine-rich domains , whereas one has a truncated domain with only one reactive site .
We have also identified three novel BBI genes , each of which possesses three repetitive domains instead of two .
In situ hybridization analyses indicated that the accumulation of rice BBI transcripts was differentially regulated in germinating embryos and also in the leaves , roots , and flower organs at later developmental stages .
Different members of the rice BBI gene family displayed different expression patterns during rice seed germination , and wounding induced the expression of rice BBI transcripts .
The three-domain BBIs had higher expression levels than the two-domain BBIs .
It was also found that the mRNA of rice BBI genes was present in abundant amounts in scutellar epithelium and aleurone layer cells .
RBBI3-1 , one of the three-domain RBBI , exhibited in vitro trypsin-inhibiting activity but no chymotrypsin-inhibiting activity .
Overexpression of RBBI2-3 in transgenic rice plants resulted in resistance to the fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae , indicating that proteinase inhibitors confer resistance against the fungal pathogen in vivo and that they might play a role in the defense system of the rice plant . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( BBI ) genes encode serine protease inhibitors that have repetitive cysteine-rich domains with reactive sites for the trypsin or chymotrypsin family .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: RBBI3-1 , one of the three-domain RBBI , exhibited in vitro trypsin-inhibiting activity but no chymotrypsin-inhibiting activity .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a major allergenic protein in rice seeds .
Homology of the deduced amino acid sequence with members of alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family .
| | Author: Izumi H Adachi T Fujii N Matsuda T Nakamura R Tanaka K Urisu A Kurosawa Y | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 302 ( 3 ) P : 213-6 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1376283 Accession (PMID): 1376283 | | Abstract: A cDNA clone of rice major allergenic protein ( RAP ) was isolated from a cDNA library of maturing rice seeds .
The cDNA had an open reading frame ( 486 nucleotides ) which coded a 162 amino acid residue polypeptide comprising a 27-residue signal peptide and a 135-residue mature protein of M ( r ) 14 , 764 .
The deduced amino acid sequence of RAP showed a considerable similarity to barley trypsin inhibitor [ 1983 , J Biol . Chem . 258 , 7998-8003 ] and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor [ 1981 , Phytochemistry 20 , 1781-1784 ] . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The deduced amino acid sequence of RAP showed a considerable similarity to barley trypsin inhibitor [ 1983 , J Biol . Chem . 258 , 7998-8003 ] and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor [ 1981 , Phytochemistry 20 , 1781-1784 ] .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Author: Ueno M Shibata H Kihara J Honda Y Arase S | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 36 ( 2 ) P : 215-28 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14535886 Accession (PMID): 14535886 | | Abstract: Sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) -mutant rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea showed increased light-dependent tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) activities .
TDC and MAO activities were observed before the penetration of M grisea to rice cells and maintained high levels even after Sekiguchi lesion formation .
Light-dependent expression of TDC gene was observed in leaves inoculated with M grisea before Sekiguchi lesion formation .
Spore germination fluid ( SGF ) of M grisea also induced Sekiguchi lesion formation accompanied by increased enzymes activities and tryptamine accumulation .
Sekiguchi lesion was also induced by treatments with tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine , which are substrates for MAO , but was not induced by non-substrates such as indole-3-propionic acid , ( +/- ) -phenylethylamine and tryptophan under light .
Light-dependent induction of Sekiguchi lesion by tryptamine was significantly inhibited in the presence of MAO inhibitors , metalaxyl and semicarbazide , and H2O2-scavengers , ascorbic acid and catalase .
H2O2 in M grisea-infected leaves with and without Sekiguchi lesions was demonstrated directly in situ by strong 3 , 3-diaminobenzidine ( DAB ) staining .
On the other hand , H2O2 induced Sekiguchi lesions on leaves of cv .
Sekiguchi-asahi under light , but not in darkness .
This difference was associated with the decrease of catalase activity in infected leaves under light and the absence of decrease in darkness .
We hypothesize that the H2O2-induced breakdown of cellular organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria in mesophyll cells may cause high TDC and MAO activities and the development of Sekiguchi lesion , and that the sl gene products in wild-type rice may function as a suppressor of organelle breakdown caused by chemical or environmental stress . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Sekiguchi lesion was also induced by treatments with tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine , which are substrates for MAO , but was not induced by non-substrates such as indole-3-propionic acid , ( +/- ) -phenylethylamine and tryptophan under light .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) -mutant rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea showed increased light-dependent tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) activities .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Spore germination fluid ( SGF ) of M grisea also induced Sekiguchi lesion formation accompanied by increased enzymes activities and tryptamine accumulation .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Light-dependent induction of Sekiguchi lesion by tryptamine was significantly inhibited in the presence of MAO inhibitors , metalaxyl and semicarbazide , and H2O2-scavengers , ascorbic acid and catalase .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Beauvericin cytotoxicity to the invertebrate cell line SF-9 .
| | Author: Calo L Fornelli F Nenna S Tursi A Caiaffa MF Macchia L | | Journal: J Appl . Genet . Citation: V : 44 ( 4 ) P : 515-20 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14617831 Accession (PMID): 14617831 | | Abstract: The cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin , initially known as a secondary metabolite produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and toxic to Artemia salina larvae , has been more recently recognized as an important mycotoxin synthesized by a number of Fusarium strains , which parasite maize , wheat and rice .
Therefore , this mycotoxin may enter the food chain , causing yet unknown effects to the health of both domestic animals and humans .
The cytotoxic effects of beauvericin on mammalian cells have been studied .
We investigated the cytotoxicity of this compound in an in vitro invertebrate model , viz . the insect cell line SF-9 ( immortalized pupal ovarian cells of the lepidopter Spodoptera frugiperda ) .
Cultures of SF-9 cells in the stationary phase were exposed to beauvericin at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 300 microM , for different periods of time ( from 30 to 120 h ) .
The effects on cell viability were assessed by the trypan blue exclusion method .
After 4 h of incubation no significant decrease in cell viability was recorded in SF-9 cell cultures exposed to low concentrations of beauvericin , ie 100 nM and 300 nM .
However , a slight decrease in viability ( 3 . 9% ) was seen already in cells exposed to the mycotoxin at the 1 microM concentration .
This effect became gradually more evident at higher concentrations ( approximately equal to 28% at 30 microM , approximately equal to 50% at 100 microM , approximately equal to 68% at 300 microM ) .
An even more pronounced reduction in cell viability was observed after a 24 h exposure .
Under these conditions , 1 microM beauvericin caused an approx .
10% decrease in the number of viable cells , which became more significant at higher concentrations approximately equal to 23% at 3 microM , approximately equal to 47% at 10 microM , approximately equal to 65% at 30 microM , approximately equal to 90% at 100 microM , approximately equal to 99% at 300 microM ) .
Therefore , the 50% cytotoxic concentrations ( CC50 ) at 4 h and 24 h could be estimated as 85 microM and 10 microM , respectively .
In time-course experiments , no effect of beauvericin ( 30 microM ) on cell viability could be seen after exposure for periods of time as long as 30 , 1 h and 2 h , respectively .
In contrast , when SF-9 cells were exposed to the mycotoxin for longer periods of time , from 8 h to 120 h , we recorded a strong cytotoxic effect already in the low micromolar concentration range .
Thus , the CC50 after both 72 h and 120 h exposure times was assessed as 2 . 5 microM .
Higher concentrations caused a virtually 100% cell death .
The data collected suggest that beauvericin exerts a substantial dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on invertebrate cells , comparable to the effects described in mammalian cells .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects on cell viability were assessed by the trypan blue exclusion method .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Retrospective study of preventive effect of maize on mortality from Parkinsons disease in Japan .
| | Author: Fukushima T Tanaka K Ushijima K Moriyama M | | Journal: Citation: V : 12 ( 4 ) P : 447-50 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14672869 Accession (PMID): 14672869 | | Abstract: The findings of a negative association between past maize ( Zea mays ) production and current Parkinsons disease mortality by each prefecture in Japan tends to support the hypothesis that the nutritional condition that causes niacin deficiency might protect people from Parkinsons disease .
Specifically , the negative association between both the area planted for dried corn in 1960 , 1970 or 1977 and the area planted for sweet corn in 1960 and age-adjusted death rates for Parkinsons disease is ecological evidence supporting the hypothesis .
Extending the analysis to other cultivated crops , even stronger negative associations of age-adjusted death rates for Parkinsons disease and cultivation of rice and soybeans were found , but associations were not significant for a large variety of vegetables .
The findings for soybean and rice are attributed to the correspondence ( co-linearity ) of cultivation of these other two seed-crops with maize .
Hence , further testing of the theory of niacin deprivation and prevention of Parkinsons disease finds some circumstantial support in the cultivation patterns of a grain of poor niacin and tryptophan availability . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hence , further testing of the theory of niacin deprivation and prevention of Parkinsons disease finds some circumstantial support in the cultivation patterns of a grain of poor niacin and tryptophan availability .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular and biochemical analyses of OsRab7 , a rice Rab7 homolog .
| | Author: Nahm MY Kim SW Yun D Lee SY Cho MJ Bahk JD .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 44 ( 12 ) P : 1341-9 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14701929 Accession (PMID): 14701929 | | Abstract: Rab7 is a small GTP-binding protein important in early to late endosome/lysosome vesicular transport in mammalian cells .
We have isolated a Rab7 cDNA clone , OsRab7 , from a cold-treated rice cDNA library by the subtraction screening method .
The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of about 23 kDa .
Its predicted amino acid sequence shows significantly high identity with the sequences of other Rab7 proteins .
His-tagged OsRab7 bound to radiolabeled GTPgammaS in a specific and stoichiometric manner .
Biochemical and structural properties of the Rab7 wild type ( WT ) protein were compared to those of Q67L and T22N mutants .
The detergent 3- ( [ 3-cholamidopropyl ] dimethylammonio ) -1-propane sulfonate ( CHAPS ) increased the guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis activities of Rab7WT .
The OsRab7Q67L mutant showed much lower GTPase activity compared to the WT protein untreated with CHAPS , and the T22N mutant showed no GTP binding activity at all .
The OsRab7Q67L mutant was constitutively active for guanine nucleotide binding while the T22N mutant ( dominant negative ) showed no guanine nucleotide binding activity .
When bound to GTP , the Rab7WT and the Q67L mutants were protected from tryptic proteolysis .
The cleavage pattern of the Rab7T22N mutant , however , was not affected by GTP addition .
Northern and Western blot analyses suggested that OsRab7 is distributed in various it issues of rice .
Furthermore , expression of a rice Rab7 gene was differentially regulated by various environmental stimuli such as cold , NaCl , dehydration , and ABA .
In addition , subcellular localization of OsRab7 was investigated in the Arabidopsis protoplasts by a double-labeling experiment using GFP-fused OsRab7 and FM4-64 .
GFP-OsRab7 is localized to the vacuolar membrane , suggesting that OsRab7 is implicated in a vesicular transport to the vacuole in plant cells . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: When bound to GTP , the Rab7WT and the Q67L mutants were protected from tryptic proteolysis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Lipoic acid-dependent oxidative catabolism of alpha-keto acids in mitochondria provides evidence for branched-chain amino acid catabolism in Arabidopsis .
| | Author: Taylor NL Heazlewood JL Day DA Millar AH .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 134 ( 2 ) P : 838-48 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14764908 Accession (PMID): 14764908 | | Abstract: Lipoic acid-dependent pathways of alpha-keto acid oxidation by mitochondria were investigated in pea ( Pisum sativum ) , rice ( Oryza sativa ) , and Arabidopsis .
Proteins containing covalently bound lipoic acid were identified on isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separations of mitochondrial proteins by the use of antibodies raised to this cofactor .
All these proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry .
Lipoic acid-containing acyltransferases from pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex were identified from all three species .
In addition , acyltransferases from the branched-chain dehydrogenase complex were identified in both Arabidopsis and rice mitochondria .
The substrate-dependent reduction of NAD ( + ) was analyzed by spectrophotometry using specific alpha-keto acids .
Pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent reactions were measured in all three species .
Activity of the branched-chain dehydrogenase complex was only measurable in Arabidopsis mitochondria using substrates that represented the alpha-keto acids derived by deamination of branched-chain amino acids ( Val [ valine ] , leucine , and isoleucine ) .
The rate of branched-chain amino acid and alpha-keto acid-dependent oxygen consumption by intact Arabidopsis mitochondria was highest with Val and the Val-derived alpha-keto acid , alpha-ketoisovaleric acid .
Sequencing of peptides derived from trypsination of Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteins revealed the presence of many of the enzymes required for the oxidation of all three branched-chain amino acids .
The potential role of branched-chain amino acid catabolism as an oxidative phosphorylation energy source or as a detoxification pathway during plant stress is discussed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sequencing of peptides derived from trypsination of Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteins revealed the presence of many of the enzymes required for the oxidation of all three branched-chain amino acids .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nutrient uptake of rice roots in response to infestation of Nilaparvata lugens ( Stl ) ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
| | Author: Wu JC Qiu HM Yang GQ Dong B Gu H | | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Citation: V : 96 ( 6 ) P : 1798-804 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14977118 Accession (PMID): 14977118 | | Abstract: This study investigated the uptake of three macronutrients , including nitrogen ( N ) , phosphorus ( P ) , and potassium ( K ) , by rice roots in response to different infestation levels of Nilaparvata lugens ( Stl ) ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
Hydroponics experiments were conducted on the rice variety Zhendao 2 ( moderately resistant to Tryporyza incertulas , Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) and the variety Xiushui 63 ( susceptible to N lugens ) .
In Zhendao 2 , N lugens infestation significantly influenced the uptake of P and K but not N , with P and K uptake decreasing as the duration of N lugens infestation increased .
In Xiushui 63 , N lugens infestation influenced N , P , and K uptake to a different degree , depending on the infestation level , in which infestation for 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 d at a density of 60 nymphs did not affect N uptake , but such infestation levels significantly influenced the uptake of P and K After the removal of N lugens from rice plants , the N uptake recovered from infestation faster than that for P and K in the variety Zhendao 2 , whereas the recovery rate of K uptake was faster than that for N and P in the variety Xiushui 63 .
The recovery rate of the nutrient uptake was negatively correlated to the density and duration of infestation .
The experimental results demonstrated that N , P , and K uptake of rice roots were largely not influenced by N lugens infestation when the pest density was controlled below 15 nymphs per hill .
This infestation level was in agreement with the proposed economic thresholds for control measures against the N lugens infestation on rice plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Hydroponics experiments were conducted on the rice variety Zhendao 2 ( moderately resistant to Tryporyza incertulas , Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) and the variety Xiushui 63 ( susceptible to N lugens ) .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Molecular biology of pyridine nucleotide and nicotine biosynthesis .
| | Author: Katoh A Hashimoto T | | Journal: Front . Biosci . Citation: V : 9 ( ) P : 1577-86 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub14977569 Accession (PMID): 14977569 | | Abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD ) is a ubiquitous coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions .
Recent animal and fungal studies show that it also plays important roles in transcriptional regulation , longevity , and age-associated diseases .
NAD is synthesized de novo from aspartic acid in E coli or from tryptophan in animals , by way of quinolinic acid .
Although the number of biochemical studies on NAD is very limited , a bioinformatic search of genome databases suggests that Arabidopsis ( dicots ) synthesizes NAD from aspartic acid whereas rice ( monocots ) may utilize both aspartate and tryptophan as starting amino acids .
The salvage pathway recycles the breakdown products of NAD metabolism .
In tobacco , an intermediate in the de novo NAD synthetic pathway supplies the pyridine ring moiety of nicotine alkaloids .
Gene expression studies in tobacco suggest that part of the NAD pathway is coordinately regulated with nicotine biosynthesis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: NAD is synthesized de novo from aspartic acid in E coli or from tryptophan in animals , by way of quinolinic acid .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the number of biochemical studies on NAD is very limited , a bioinformatic search of genome databases suggests that Arabidopsis ( dicots ) synthesizes NAD from aspartic acid whereas rice ( monocots ) may utilize both aspartate and tryptophan as starting amino acids .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A novel salt-tolerant L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from Porteresia coarctata ( Roxb . ) Tateoka , a halophytic wild rice : molecular cloning , bacterial overexpression , characterization , and functional introgression into tobacco-conferring salt tolerance phenotype .
| | Author: Majee M Maitra S Dastidar KG Pattnaik S Chatterjee A Hait NC Das KP Majumder AL .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 279 ( 27 ) P : 28539-52 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15016817 Accession (PMID): 15016817 | | Abstract: l-myo-Inositol-1-phosphate synthase ( EC 5 . 5 . 1 . 4 , MIPS ) , an evolutionarily conserved enzyme protein , catalyzes the synthesis of inositol , which is implicated in a number of metabolic reactions in the biological kingdom .
Here we report on the isolation of the gene ( PINO1 ) for a novel salt-tolerant MIPS from the wild halophytic rice , Porteresia coarctata ( Roxb . ) Tateoka .
Identity of the PINO1 gene was confirmed by functional complementation in a yeast inositol auxotrophic strain .
Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of PINO1 with that of the homologous gene from Oryza sativa L ( RINO1 ) revealed distinct differences in a stretch of 37 amino acids , between amino acids 174 and 210 .
Purified bacterially expressed PINO1 protein demonstrated a salt-tolerant character in vitro compared with the salt-sensitive RINO1 protein as with those purified from the native source or an expressed salt-sensitive mutant PINO1 protein wherein amino acids 174-210 have been deleted .
Analysis of the salt effect on oligomerization and tryptophan fluorescence of the RINO1 and PINO1 proteins revealed that the structure of PINO1 protein is stable toward salt environment .
Furthermore , introgression of PINO1 rendered transgenic tobacco plants capable of growth in 200-300 mm NaCl with retention of approximately 40-80% of the photosynthetic competence with concomitant increased inositol production compared with unstressed control .
MIPS protein isolated from PINO1 transgenics showed salt-tolerant property in vitro confirming functional expression in planta of the PINO1 gene .
To our knowledge , this is the first report of a salt-tolerant MIPS from any source . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Analysis of the salt effect on oligomerization and tryptophan fluorescence of the RINO1 and PINO1 proteins revealed that the structure of PINO1 protein is stable toward salt environment .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Alpha-picolinic acid , a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent , elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice .
| | Author: Zhang HK Zhang X Mao BZ Li Q He ZH .
| | Journal: Cell Res .
Citation: V : 14 ( 1 ) P : 27-33 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15040887 Accession (PMID): 15040887 | | Abstract: Alpha-picolinic acid ( PA ) , a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell , has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants .
Here , we report that PA is an efficient apoptosis agent triggering cell death of hypersensitive-like response in planta .
Confirmed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter ( FACS ) , rice suspension cells and leaves exhibited programmed cell death induced by PA .
The PA-induced cell death was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that could be blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride , indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species was NADPH-oxidase dependent .
We also demonstrated the induction of rice defense-related genes and subsequent resistant enhancement by PA against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea .
Hence , it was concluded that the PA-stimulated defense response likely involves the onset of the hypersensitive response in rice , which also provides a simple eliciting tool for studying apoptosis in the plant cell . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alpha-picolinic acid ( PA ) , a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell , has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rich which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor on rats ] | | Author: Zhuo Q Chen X Piao J Han C | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 1 ) P : 74-7 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15098484 Accession (PMID): 15098484 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CpTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential teratogenicity effects .
METHODS : Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups : transgenic rice group , non transgenic rice group , negative control group and positive control group .
The diet of transgenic rice group contained 78 . 3% transgenic rice .
The diet of non transgenic rice group contained 74 . 7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one .
The diet formula of the two control groups was AIN93G .
The marco and micronutrient content were equal in three diets .
When the sexual maturation period of rats arrived , conventional teratogenicity test was performed .
RESULTS : The body weight gain of pregnant rats and body weight , body length and tail length of fetal rats in transgenic rice group were significant higher than those in positive control group ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
The malformation rate of fetus in transgenic rice group was significant lower than that in positive control group ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
CONCLUSION : There were no significant differences of all indexes among transgenic rice group , non transgenic rice group and negative control group ( P > 0 . 05 ) .
Judging from these results , the transgenic rice modified with CpTI was considered to have no maternal toxicity , embryotoxicity and teratogenicity effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CpTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential teratogenicity effects .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ Immunotoxicologic assessment of transgenetic rice ] | | Author: Chen X Zhuo Q Piao J Yang X | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 1 ) P : 77-80 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15098485 Accession (PMID): 15098485 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To assess the immunotoxicologic aspect of transgenetic plant .
METHODS : BALB/C mice were fed with food composed by transgenic rice ( into which cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene was introduced ) or nontransgenetic rice ( which has the same gene composition as the transgenic rice except for the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene ) for 30 days .
All food is made according to the composition of AIN-93G .
In the end , all kinds of immunotoxicologic indexes of mice of every group were compared such as body weight , guts index , blood routine test , lymphocyte sort , serum antibody titter , plaque forming cell , delayed hypersensitivity response , macrophage function test RESULTS : All immunotoxicologic indexes of mice fed either by transgenic rice or nontransgenetic rice have no differences to those of mice fed by normal food .
CONCLUSION : Transgenic rice is substantially equivilent to nontransgenetic rice in immunotoxicologic aspect . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: METHODS : BALB/C mice were fed with food composed by transgenic rice ( into which cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene was introduced ) or nontransgenetic rice ( which has the same gene composition as the transgenic rice except for the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene ) for 30 days .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The amino acid sequence of a 20 kDa bifunctional subtilisin/alpha-amylase inhibitor from bran [ correction of brain ] of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) seeds .
| | Author: Ohtsubo K Richardson M | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 309 ( 1 ) P : 68-72 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1511747 Accession (PMID): 1511747 | | Abstract: A 20 kDa bifunctional inhibitor of the microbial proteinase , subtilisin , and the alpha-amylase from the larvae of the red flour beetle ( Tribolium castaneum ) was purified from bran of rice seeds by saline extraction , precipitation with ammonium sulphate , ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and Toyopearl CM-650 , and preparative HPLC on Vydac C18 .
The complete primary structure was determined by automatic degradation of the intact , reduced and S-alkylated protein , and by manual DABITC/PITC micro-sequencing of peptides obtained from the protein following separate enzymic digestions with trypsin , pepsin , chymotrypsin , elastase and the protease from S aureus V8 .
The protein sequence , which contained 176 residues , showed strong homology with similar bifunctional inhibitors previously isolated from wheat and barley which are related to the Kunitz family of proteinase inhibitors from legume seeds . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The complete primary structure was determined by automatic degradation of the intact , reduced and S-alkylated protein , and by manual DABITC/PITC micro-sequencing of peptides obtained from the protein following separate enzymic digestions with trypsin , pepsin , chymotrypsin , elastase and the protease from S aureus V8 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: In vitro reconstitution of rice anthranilate synthase : distinct functional properties of the alpha subunits OASA1 and OASA2 .
| | Author: Kanno T Kasai K Ikejiri-Kanno Y Wakasa K Tozawa Y | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 54 ( 1 ) P : 11-22 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15159631 Accession (PMID): 15159631 | | Abstract: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of various indole compounds including tryptophan .
AS consists of two subunits , alpha and beta , and converts chorismate to anthranilate .
Two or more AS alpha-subunit genes have been identified and characterized in several land plants .
Although alpha subunits of AS induced by elicitation have been suggested to play significant roles in secondary metabolism , the biochemical and precise functional properties of individual AS isozymes have remained unclear .
We have previously identified and characterized two AS alpha-subunit genes ( OASA1 and OASA2 ) in rice ( Oryza sativa ) .
To provide further insight into the enzymatic functions of AS isozymes in rice , we have now isolated rice cDNAs encoding the AS beta subunits OASB1 and OASB2 and reconstituted AS isozymes in vitro with the wheat germ cell-free system for protein expression .
Both OASB subunits conferred glutamine-dependent AS activity on either OASA1 or OASA2 , indicating the absence of a marked functional difference between the two beta subunits in terms of amidotransferase activity .
Furthermore , both OASA subunits required assembly with a beta subunit to achieve maximal enzymatic activity even with NH ( 4 ) ( + ) as the amino donor .
The V ( max ) and K ( i ) for tryptophan of the OASA1-OASB1 isozyme with glutamine as the amino donor , however , were 2 . 4 and 7 . 5 times , respectively , those of OASA2-OASB1 , suggesting that AS isozymes containing OASA1 possess a higher activity and are less sensitive to feedback inhibition than those containing OASA2 .
Our biochemical characterization of reconstituted AS isozymes has thus revealed distinct functional properties of these isozymes in rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of various indole compounds including tryptophan .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: The V ( max ) and K ( i ) for tryptophan of the OASA1-OASB1 isozyme with glutamine as the amino donor , however , were 2 . 4 and 7 . 5 times , respectively , those of OASA2-OASB1 , suggesting that AS isozymes containing OASA1 possess a higher activity and are less sensitive to feedback inhibition than those containing OASA2 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Study on food safety of genetically modified rice which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor by 90 day feeding test on rats ] | | Author: Zhuo Q Chen X Piao J Gu L | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 2 ) P : 176-9 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15208998 Accession (PMID): 15208998 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CPTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects .
METHODS : Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups : T , N and C group .
The diet of T group contained 78 . 3% transgenic rice .
The diet of N group contained 74 . 7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one .
The diet formula of C group was AIN93G .
The macro and micronutrient content were equal in three diets .
The rats were fed for 90 days .
Food intakes were weight every day , body-weight were weight and body-length were measured every week .
In the middle and at the end of feeding period , haematological value and clinical chemistry parameters were measured , at the end of the 90th day , post-mortem organ coefficient were measured , organ it issues analysis was performed and bone density was measured .
RESULTS : In most situation , there were no significant differences among the three groups ( P > 0 . 05 ) and no histopathological damage were detected .
At the end of the 1st month , the male rats body length of the T group was longer than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the male rats blood glucose and ALT were lower than the other two groups .
In the middle of the test period , the female rats red blood cell number and hemoglobin were higher than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the female rats monocyte number was higher than the other two groups ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
But all of the results were in the normal range which had been reported before .
CONCLUSION : From the results of the 90 days feeding test of transgenic rice on rats there did not reveal any signs of toxic and adverse effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CPTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification of conserved gene structures and carboxy-terminal motifs in the Myb gene family of Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa L ssp . indica .
| | Author: Jiang C Gu X Peterson T | | Journal: Genome Biol .
Citation: V : 5 ( 7 ) P : R46 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15239831 Accession (PMID): 15239831 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Myb proteins contain a conserved DNA-binding domain composed of one to four repeat motifs ( referred to as R0R1R2R3 ) ; each repeat is approximately 50 amino acids in length , with regularly spaced tryptophan residues .
Although the Myb proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants , little is known about the functions of most Myb genes .
Here we use computational techniques to classify Myb genes on the basis of sequence similarity and gene structure , and to identify possible functional relationships among subgroups of Myb genes from Arabidopsis and rice ( Oryza sativa L ssp . indica ) .
RESULTS : This study analyzed 130 Myb genes from Arabidopsis and 85 from rice .
The collected Myb proteins were clustered into subgroups based on sequence similarity and phylogeny .
Interestingly , the exon-intron structure differed between subgroups , but was conserved in the same subgroup .
Moreover , the Myb domains contained a significant excess of phase 1 and 2 introns , as well as an excess of nonsymmetric exons .
Conserved motifs were detected in carboxy-terminal coding regions of Myb genes within subgroups .
In contrast , no common regulatory motifs were identified in the noncoding regions .
Additionally , some Myb genes with similar functions were clustered in the same subgroups .
CONCLUSIONS : The distribution of introns in the phylogenetic tree suggests that Myb domains originally were compact in size ; introns were inserted and the splicing sites conserved during evolution .
Conserved motifs identified in the carboxy-terminal regions are specific for Myb genes , and the identified Myb gene subgroups may reflect functional conservation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Myb proteins contain a conserved DNA-binding domain composed of one to four repeat motifs ( referred to as R0R1R2R3 ) ; each repeat is approximately 50 amino acids in length , with regularly spaced tryptophan residues .
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Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: In vitro inhibition of the activation of Pro-matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ( Pro-MMP-1 ) and Pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( Pro-MMP-9 ) by rice and soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitors .
| | Author: Bawadi HA Antunes TM Shih F Losso JN .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 52 ( 15 ) P : 4730-6 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15264907 Accession (PMID): 15264907 | | Abstract: The in vitro inhibitory activity of the rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( rBBI ) or soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( sBBI ) against trypsin-catalyzed activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 1 or 9 ( pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 ) , respectively , was investigated using electrophoresis with silver staining , heparin-enhanced zymography , biotinylated gelatin , Biotrak assay , and fluorescence quenched substrate hydrolysis . rBBI at concentrations of 0 . 08-0 . 352 mg/mL dose-dependently inhibited the in vitro activation of 45 microg/mL pro-MMP-1 by trypsin .
Heparin-enhanced zymography analysis of pro-MMP-1 , trypsin-activated MMP-1 , and a mixture of pro-MMP-1-trypsin-rBBI showed clear zones associated with trypsin-activated MMP-1 and the absence of clear zones in lanes containing pro-MMP-1 or a mixture of pro-MMP-1 , trypsin , and rBBI .
The results of the Biotrak assay also indicated that rBBI dose-dependently suppressed the activation of pro-MMP-1 by trypsin . sBBI dose-dependently inhibited the activation of 100 microg/mL of pro-MMP-9 by trypsin .
Biotinylated gelatin assays demonstrated that pro-MMP-9 or pro-MMP-9 in the presence of trypsin and BBI did not hydrolyze gelatin , whereas p-aminophenylmercury acetate ( APMA ) -activated MMP-9 and trypsin-activated MMP-9 caused significant hydrolysis of gelatin .
Quenched fluorescence substrate hydrolysis for total MMP activity showed that pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 did not hydrolyze the substrate Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 ; active MMP-1 or MMP-9 hydrolyzed the substrate , but lower substrate hydrolysis was obtained when pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 was incubated with trypsin in the presence of increasing concentrations of rBBI .
The results are discussed in light of the role of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the process of angiogenesis and the potential of rBBI or sBBI as a functional food ingredient . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 3.00 ]: Heparin-enhanced zymography analysis of pro-MMP-1 , trypsin-activated MMP-1 , and a mixture of pro-MMP-1-trypsin-rBBI showed clear zones associated with trypsin-activated MMP-1 and the absence of clear zones in lanes containing pro-MMP-1 or a mixture of pro-MMP-1 , trypsin , and rBBI .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The in vitro inhibitory activity of the rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( rBBI ) or soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor ( sBBI ) against trypsin-catalyzed activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 1 or 9 ( pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 ) , respectively , was investigated using electrophoresis with silver staining , heparin-enhanced zymography , biotinylated gelatin , Biotrak assay , and fluorescence quenched substrate hydrolysis . rBBI at concentrations of 0 . 08-0 . 352 mg/mL dose-dependently inhibited the in vitro activation of 45 microg/mL pro-MMP-1 by trypsin .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The results of the Biotrak assay also indicated that rBBI dose-dependently suppressed the activation of pro-MMP-1 by trypsin . sBBI dose-dependently inhibited the activation of 100 microg/mL of pro-MMP-9 by trypsin .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Biotinylated gelatin assays demonstrated that pro-MMP-9 or pro-MMP-9 in the presence of trypsin and BBI did not hydrolyze gelatin , whereas p-aminophenylmercury acetate ( APMA ) -activated MMP-9 and trypsin-activated MMP-9 caused significant hydrolysis of gelatin .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Quenched fluorescence substrate hydrolysis for total MMP activity showed that pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 did not hydrolyze the substrate Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 ; active MMP-1 or MMP-9 hydrolyzed the substrate , but lower substrate hydrolysis was obtained when pro-MMP-1 or pro-MMP-9 was incubated with trypsin in the presence of increasing concentrations of rBBI .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification of oxidised proteins in the matrix of rice leaf mitochondria by immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry .
| | Author: Kristensen BK Askerlund P Bykova NV Egsgaard H Mller IM .
| | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 65 ( 12 ) P : 1839-51 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15276442 Accession (PMID): 15276442 | | Abstract: Highly purified mitochondria were isolated from green 7-day-old rice leaves .
The mitochondria were sonicated and the matrix fraction isolated as the 100 , 000g supernatant .
Part of the matrix fraction was left untreated while the other part was subjected to a mild oxidative treatment ( 0 . 5 mM H2O2+0 . 2 mM CuSO4 for 10 min at room temperature ) .
The oxidised proteins in both samples were tagged with dinitrophenylhydrazine ( DNP ) , which forms a covalent bond with carbonyl groups .
The DNP-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated using anti-DNP antibodies and digested with trypsin .
The mixture of peptides was analysed by nano-HPLC coupled online to an ESI-Quad-TOF mass spectrometer .
The peptides were separated by stepwise ion exchange chromatography followed by reverse phase chromatography ( 2D-LC ) , and analysed by MS/MS .
Proteins were identified by un-interpreted fragment ion database searches .
Using this approach we identified 20 oxidised proteins in the control sample and a further 32 in the oxidised sample .
Western blots of 2D-gels of the same samples prior to immunoprecipitation verified that the oxidation treatment increases protein oxidation also for specific proteins .
Likewise Western blots showed that neither the isolation of mitochondria nor their subfractionation introduced carbonyl groups .
We therefore conclude that a number of proteins are oxidised in the matrix of rice leaf mitochondria in vivo and further identify a group of proteins that are particularly susceptible to mild oxidation in vitro . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The DNP-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated using anti-DNP antibodies and digested with trypsin .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nutritional evaluation and shelf life studies of papads prepared from wheat-legume composite flours .
| | Author: Garg R Dahiya S | | Journal: Citation: V : 58 ( 4 ) P : 299-307 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15354789 Accession (PMID): 15354789 | | Abstract: The present study was carried out to develop papads from wheat and legume blends and to analyze them for organoleptic acceptability , nutritional quality , and keeping quality .
Papad is a dehydrated product prepared from dhals or rice .
A firm but pliable dough is made from the flours of dhals or rice with addition of suitable seasoning .
It is shaped into balls , rolled out thin , dried and toasted over open fire so as to give a light , crisp product .
Mung flour papads were kept as control and wheat flour , chickpea flour , and pea flour were used to supplement mung flour papads .
Three different proportions ( 10 , 20 , 30% ) of each flour were used to supplement Mung flour .
Papads with wheat flour ( 10% ) , chickpea flour ( 20% ) , and pea flour ( 10% ) level of supplementation were found to be most acceptable and these papads were subjected to nutritional evaluation .
Protein content significantly increased on supplementation with legume flours at all levels .
Fat content was significantly higher in chickpea flour supplemented papads .
Ash content varied significantly from 10 . 17 to 10 . 78% in papads .
Total carbohydrates decreased significantly on supplementation with chickpea flour .
Copper content increased significantly on supplementation .
A significant decrease in phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor of supplemented papads was found .
In vitro protein digestibility significantly increased on supplementation but a significant decrease in in vitro starch digestibility was found in supplemented papads .
Storage studies showed that chickpea flour and pea flour supplemented papads can be stored safely for 60 days and wheat flour supplemented papads for 30 days both at room and refrigeration temperatures .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: A significant decrease in phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor of supplemented papads was found .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Atmospheric oxygen and other conditions affecting the production of cereulide by Bacillus cereus in food .
| | Author: Jskelinen EL Hggblom MM Andersson MA Salkinoja-Salonen MS .
| | Journal: Int .
J Food Microbiol .
Citation: V : 96 ( 1 ) P : 75-83 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15358508 Accession (PMID): 15358508 | | Abstract: Factors influencing the production of cereulide , the emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus in food and laboratory media were investigated , using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry and sperm motility inhibition bioassay for detection and quantitation .
Oxygen was essential for production of the emetic toxin by B cereus .
When beans , rice or tryptic soy broth were inoculated with cereulide producing strains B203 , B116 ( recent food isolates ) or the strain F-4810/72 , high amounts ( 2 to 7 microg ml ( -1 ) or g ( -1 ) wet wt ) of cereulide accumulated during 4-day storage at room temperature .
In parallel cultures and foods , stored under nitrogen atmosphere ( > 99 . 5% N2 ) , less than 0 . 05 microg of cereulide ml ( -1 ) or g ( -1 ) wet wt accumulated .
The outcome of the bioassay matched that of the chemical assay , with no indication of interference by substances in the rice or beans .
Boiling for 20 to 30 min did not inactivate cereulide or cereulide producing strains in rice or the beans .
Adding l-leucine and l-valine ( 0 . 3 g l ( -1 ) ) stimulated cereulide production 10 to 20-fold in R2A and in rice water agar .
When the B cereus strains were grown on agar media under permissive conditions ( air , room temperature ) , cereulide was produced overnight with little or no increase when the incubation was extended to 4 days .
In broth culture , the production of cereulide started later than 16-24 h .
Anoxic storage prevented cereulide production also when the amino acids had been supplied .
Packaging with modified atmosphere low in oxygen may thus be used to reduce the risk of cereulide formation during storage of food .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: When beans , rice or tryptic soy broth were inoculated with cereulide producing strains B203 , B116 ( recent food isolates ) or the strain F-4810/72 , high amounts ( 2 to 7 microg ml ( -1 ) or g ( -1 ) wet wt ) of cereulide accumulated during 4-day storage at room temperature .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against cowpea trypsin inhibitor ] | | Author: Chen X Yang L Yang X Piao J | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 4 ) P : 437-9 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15461269 Accession (PMID): 15461269 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI .
METHODS : Nowadays gene assay is the most useful method to detect transgenic plants .
But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced .
So assay of foreign protein is the most direct and conformable method .
Monoclonal antibodies were got through traditional method of preparation .
RESULTS : Three monoclonal antibodies were got .
Detection of CpTI in transgenic rice leaves with these three antibodies mixes through Western blotting was conducted and the result was satisfying .
CONCLUSION : The method of using the mixes of three antibodies to detect the CpTI in plants through Western blotting was satisfying . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVE : To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Hydrogen breath test with low-dose rice flour for assessment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency .
| | Author: Casellas F Guarner L Antoln M Malagelada JR .
| | Journal: Pancreas Citation: V : 29 ( 4 ) P : 306-10 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15502647 Accession (PMID): 15502647 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : The hydrogen ( H2 ) breath test is widely used in the assessment of carbohydrate malabsorption .
Severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency markedly diminishes pancreatic amylase production and results in malabsorption of complex carbohydrates .
Thus , the H2 breath test with low-dose rice flour starch was tested to determine its value in detecting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency by comparison with a direct measurement of pancreatic function .
METHODS : Ten patients with clinically suspected pancreatic insufficiency confirmed with a duodenal perfusion technique and measurement of trypsin and lipase output after cerulein stimulation were included .
An H2-rice flour breath test was performed by orally administering 30 g of rice flour .
End-alveolar breath samples were obtained before rice load and at 30-minute intervals thereafter for the next 5 hours .
RESULTS : The results are expressed as median ( percentile 25-75 ) .
Patients included 8 men and 2 women with moderate to severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis , pancreatectomy , or cystic fibrosis .
Stimulated duodenal output of lipase and trypsin was abnormally low in all patients ( median release , 1 . 7 ; range , 0 . 5-4 . 5 and 0 . 8 , range , 0 . 1-11 . 3 KU/h , respectively ) .
Basal H2 excretion was 9 ppm ( range , 7-17 ) and delta increase over basal H2 excretion was 4 ppm ( range , 1-6 ) .
Correlation between H2-rice breath test and basal or stimulated duodenal output of lipase and trypsin was not significant .
CONCLUSION : In exocrine pancreatic insufficiency , an oral load of 30 g rice flour slightly raises H2 excretion in breath .
This increase is not useful for detecting pancreatic insufficiency due to poor sensitivity and because it is influenced by extrapancreatic factors such as small bowel bacterial overgrowth . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: METHODS : Ten patients with clinically suspected pancreatic insufficiency confirmed with a duodenal perfusion technique and measurement of trypsin and lipase output after cerulein stimulation were included .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Stimulated duodenal output of lipase and trypsin was abnormally low in all patients ( median release , 1 . 7 ; range , 0 . 5-4 . 5 and 0 . 8 , range , 0 . 1-11 . 3 KU/h , respectively ) .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Correlation between H2-rice breath test and basal or stimulated duodenal output of lipase and trypsin was not significant .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Insect resistance to Nilaparvata lugens and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in transgenic indica rice and the inheritance of gna+sbti transgenes .
| | Author: Li G Xu X Xing H Zhu H Fan Q | | Journal: Pest Manag . Sci . Citation: V : 61 ( 4 ) P : 390-6 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15593292 Accession (PMID): 15593292 | | Abstract: Molecular genetic analysis and insect bioassay of transgenic indica rice Zhuxian B plants carrying snowdrop lectin gene ( gna ) and soybean trypsin inhibitor gene ( sbti ) were investigated in detail .
PCR , dot blot and PCR-Southern blot analysis showed that both transgenes had been incorporated into the rice genome and transmitted up to R3 progeny in most lines tested .
Some transgenic lines exhibited Mendelian segregation , but the other showed either 1 : 1 ( positive : negative for the transgenes ) or other aberrant segregation patterns .
The segregation patterns of gna gene crossed between R2 and R3 progeny .
In half of transgenic R3 lines , gna and sbti transgenes co-segregated .
Two independent homozygous lines expressing double transgenes were identified in R3 progeny .
Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the copy numbers of integrated gna and sbti transgenes varied from one to ten in different lines .
Insect bioassay data showed that most transgenic plants had better resistance to both Nilaparvata lugens ( Stahl ) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guenee ) than wild-type plants .
The insect resistance of transgenic lines increased with the increase in transgene positive ratio in most of the transgenic lines .
In all , we obtained nine lines of R3 transgenic plants , including one pure line , which had better resistance to both N lugens and C medinalis than wild-type plants . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Molecular genetic analysis and insect bioassay of transgenic indica rice Zhuxian B plants carrying snowdrop lectin gene ( gna ) and soybean trypsin inhibitor gene ( sbti ) were investigated in detail .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Surface structure and properties of plant seed oil bodies .
| | Author: Tzen JT Huang AH .
| | Journal: J Cell Biol .
Citation: V : 117 ( 2 ) P : 327-35 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1560029 Accession (PMID): 1560029 | | Abstract: Storage triacylglycerols ( TAG ) in plant seeds are present in small discrete intracellular organelles called oil bodies .
An oil body has a matrix of TAG , which is surrounded by phospholipids ( PL ) and alkaline proteins , termed oleosins .
Oil bodies isolated from mature maize ( Zea mays ) embryos maintained their discreteness , but coalesced after treatment with trypsin but not with phospholipase A2 or C Phospholipase A2 or C exerted its activity on oil bodies only after the exposed portion of oleosins had been removed by trypsin .
Attempts were made to reconstitute oil bodies from their constituents .
TAG , either extracted from oil bodies or of a 1 : 2 molar mixture of triolein and trilinolein , in a dilute buffer were sonicated to produce droplets of sizes similar to those of oil bodies ; these droplets were unstable and coalesced rapidly .
Addition of oil body PL or dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine , with or without charged stearylamine/stearic acid , or oleosins , to the medium before sonication provided limited stabilization effects to the TAG droplets .
High stability was achieved only when the TAG were sonicated with both oil body PL ( or dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine ) and oleosins of proportions similar to or higher than those in the native oil bodies .
These stabilized droplets were similar to the isolated oil bodies in chemical properties , and can be considered as reconstituted oil bodies .
Reconstituted oil bodies were also produced from TAG of a 1 : 2 molar mixture of triolein and trilinolein , dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine , and oleosins from rice ( Oryza sativa ) , wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) , rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) , soybean ( Glycine max ) , or jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis ) .
It is concluded that both oleosins and PL are required to stabilize the oil bodies and that oleosins prevent oil bodies from coalescing by providing steric hindrance .
A structural model of an oil body is presented .
The current findings on seed oil bodies could be extended to the intracellular storage lipid particles present in diverse organisms . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Oil bodies isolated from mature maize ( Zea mays ) embryos maintained their discreteness , but coalesced after treatment with trypsin but not with phospholipase A2 or C Phospholipase A2 or C exerted its activity on oil bodies only after the exposed portion of oleosins had been removed by trypsin .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Metabolic profiling of tryptophan-overproducing rice calli that express a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of anthranilate synthase .
| | Author: Morino K Matsuda F Miyazawa H Sukegawa A Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 46 ( 3 ) P : 514-21 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15695448 Accession (PMID): 15695448 | | Abstract: The profile of aromatic metabolites in calli was compared between wild-type rice ( Oryza sativa cv .
Nipponbare ) and tryptophan-overproducing transgenic rice lines that express a gene ( OASA1D ) for a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of anthranilate synthase .
Metabolic profiling by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection of ultraviolet absorbance revealed a total of 71 peaks in both wild-type and transgenic calli .
Only a limited effect on the pattern of major aromatic compounds was observed in tryptophan-accumulating transgenic rice lines , with the exception of an approximately 80-fold increase in the amount of tryptophan .
Expression of OASA1D induced relatively small changes in several minor metabolites .
One of the minor metabolites whose abundance was increased by OASA1D expression was purified and identified as a previously unknown indole-alkaloid glucoside .
The levels of free and conjugated forms of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , a plant hormone derived from the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway , were determined separately by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) .
The amounts of both free IAA and its conjugates were increased in the transgenic calli , suggesting that the activity of anthranilate synthase or the concentration of tryptophan ( or both ) is an important determinant of IAA biosynthesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Only a limited effect on the pattern of major aromatic compounds was observed in tryptophan-accumulating transgenic rice lines , with the exception of an approximately 80-fold increase in the amount of tryptophan .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nipponbare ) and tryptophan-overproducing transgenic rice lines that express a gene ( OASA1D ) for a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of anthranilate synthase .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The levels of free and conjugated forms of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , a plant hormone derived from the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway , were determined separately by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amounts of both free IAA and its conjugates were increased in the transgenic calli , suggesting that the activity of anthranilate synthase or the concentration of tryptophan ( or both ) is an important determinant of IAA biosynthesis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nucleotide sequence of capsid protein gene of rice tungro bacilliform virus .
| | Author: Kano H Koizumi M Noda H Hibino H Ishikawa K Omura T Cabauatan PQ Koganezawa H | | Journal: Arch . Virol . Citation: V : 124 ( 1-2 ) P : 157-63 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1571015 Accession (PMID): 1571015 | | Abstract: The sequence of 5 , 028 nucleotides , including one open reading frame ( ORF ) , of rice tungro bacilliform virus ( RTBV ) dsDNA was determined .
The predicted translational product comprises 1 , 675 amino acids and has Mr of 194 , 134 ( p194 ) .
The amino acid sequences of three tryptic fragments from the 32 k capsid protein of RTBV ( p32 ) were found in the predicted translational product indicating that the ORF codes for the RTBV capsid protein . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amino acid sequences of three tryptic fragments from the 32 k capsid protein of RTBV ( p32 ) were found in the predicted translational product indicating that the ORF codes for the RTBV capsid protein .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Genetically modified rice seeds accumulating GLP-1 analogue stimulate insulin secretion from a mouse pancreatic beta-cell line .
| | Author: Sugita K Endo-Kasahara S Tada Y Lijun Y Yasuda H Hayashi Y Jomori T Ebinuma H Takaiwa F | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 579 ( 5 ) P : 1085-8 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15710395 Accession (PMID): 15710395 | | Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( 7-36 ) amide ( GLP-1 ) is the most potent physiological insulinotropic hormone in humans .
We produced large amounts of a GLP-1 analogue , [ Ser8 , Gln26 , Asp34 ] -GLP-1 , which is resistant to trypsin-digestion , as part of a chimeric rice seed storage protein , a 26 kDa globulin , in genetically modified rice seeds .
Junction sites between GLP-1 analogue and globulin were replaced by tryptic cleavage sites .
The highest level of GLP-1 analogue accumulation was approximately 20-50 microg per seed .
We found that GLP-1 analogue derived from trypsin-digested genetically modified rice seeds stimulated insulin secretion from a mouse pancreatic beta-cell line , MIN6 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We produced large amounts of a GLP-1 analogue , [ Ser8 , Gln26 , Asp34 ] -GLP-1 , which is resistant to trypsin-digestion , as part of a chimeric rice seed storage protein , a 26 kDa globulin , in genetically modified rice seeds .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Junction sites between GLP-1 analogue and globulin were replaced by tryptic cleavage sites .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We found that GLP-1 analogue derived from trypsin-digested genetically modified rice seeds stimulated insulin secretion from a mouse pancreatic beta-cell line , MIN6 .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of the altered anthranilate synthase in 5-methyltryptophan-resistant rice mutants .
| | Author: Kim DS Lee IS Jang CS Kang SY Seo YW .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Rep .
Citation: V : 24 ( 6 ) P : 357-65 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15776237 Accession (PMID): 15776237 | | Abstract: In an earlier investigation , homologous mutant lines resistant to growth inhibition by 5-methyltryptophan ( 5MT ) were selected from a callus that had been irradiated with a 50-Gy gamma ray during embryo culture .
In order to identify the 5MT-resistant mechanism , we have continued our investigations of these mutant lines and studied the anthranilate synthase activity of the M5 ) advanced lines by direct fluorometric detection of the anthranilate formed in both control plants and mutant lines grown on 500 microM 5MT .
The anthranilate synthase activity of the mutant plants was 2 . 2 to 3-fold higher than that of the control .
In a kinetic analysis with tryptophan , an anthranilate synthase of the mutant lines was insensitive to feedback inhibition .
These lines showed an enhanced accumulation of storage proteins and amino acids .
The increased rates of protein synthesis in the mutant lines , relative to that of the control seeds , were 17-28 . 5% .
The amino acid contents were 2 . 4-fold ( MRI-40-2 ) to 2 . 6-fold ( MRI-110-6 ) higher in the MRI lines than in the control seeds , and 2 . 4-fold ( MRII-12-5 ) to 3 . 5-fold ( MRII-8-1 ) higher in the MRII lines than in the control seeds .
Significant increases among the amino acids of the MR lines were observed for tryptophan , phenylalanine , and tyrosine , which had been biosynthesized through the shikimate pathway .
The transcript levels of putative OASA2 , which is one of the key-regulating enzyme subunits in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway , were studied in the control and 5MT-resistant mutant lines subjected to inhibition by two tryptophan analogs ( 5MT and alphaMT ) and to other abiotic stresses ( ABA , NaCl , and cold ) .
The putative OASA2 gene in the 5MT-resistant mutant lines was highly expressed in at a low 5MT concentration and at an early stage of the 5MT and alphaMT treatments .
However , mRNA accumulation of the putative OASA2 gene in the mutant plants gradually decreased when the plants were subjected to abiotic stresses such as NaCl and cold .
These results indicated that the 5MT resistance in the mutant lines is due to altered anthranilate synthase forms . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: The transcript levels of putative OASA2 , which is one of the key-regulating enzyme subunits in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway , were studied in the control and 5MT-resistant mutant lines subjected to inhibition by two tryptophan analogs ( 5MT and alphaMT ) and to other abiotic stresses ( ABA , NaCl , and cold ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In a kinetic analysis with tryptophan , an anthranilate synthase of the mutant lines was insensitive to feedback inhibition .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Significant increases among the amino acids of the MR lines were observed for tryptophan , phenylalanine , and tyrosine , which had been biosynthesized through the shikimate pathway .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Phenotypic characterization of Rice Cluster III archaea without prior isolation by applying quantitative polymerase chain reaction to an enrichment culture .
| | Author: Kemnitz D Kolb S Conrad R | | Journal: Environ . Microbiol . Citation: V : 7 ( 4 ) P : 553-65 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15816932 Accession (PMID): 15816932 | | Abstract: A so far uncultured member of the Euryarchaeota was enriched from an anoxic riparian soil and phenotypically characterized using quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR ; "real-time PCR" ) .
The microorganism is related to the Thermoplasmatales and belongs to Rice Cluster III ( RC-III ) .
Enrichment cultures utilized yeast extract ( YE ) by transiently accumulating acetate as major fermentation product , which was subsequently converted to methane .
The abundance of RC-III archaea within the enrichment cultures was quantified by analysis of the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ( T-RFLP ) and by qPCR .
We developed qPCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA genes ( 16S rDNA ) specific for RC-III as well as for the Archaea in general The enrichment cultures consisted of a mixed methanogenic community of Bacteria and Archaea , the latter consisting of up to 60% of members of RC-III .
The other archaea belonged to Methanosarcinaceae , Methanomicrobiaceae and Methanobacteriaceae .
The enriched RC-III archaea were represented by two sequences ( LL25A , LL37A ) that were highly similar to each other and to those detected in the soil inoculum ( >98% similarity ) .
However , the 16S rDNA copy numbers of RC-III archaea were about 1000-fold lower than those of Bacteria .
Nevertheless , we were able to estimate growth parameters and physiological properties of one of the enriched RC-III archaea ( LL25A ) by measuring the increase of 16S rDNA copy numbers specific for this group under different growth conditions .
The enriched RC-III archaeon grew optimally at temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees C and neutral pH using YE , meat extract , peptone or tryptone under anoxic conditions .
Doubling time was approximately 3 days .
No proliferation was detected on carbohydrates , amino acids , fatty acids , glycerol , alcohols , aromatic compounds , purine and pyrimidine bases or pyruvate .
Various exogenous electron acceptors ( eg ferric iron , S ( 0 ) ) did not support growth on YE .
Proliferation of the enriched RC-III archaeon was hardly affected by the antibiotics ampicillin , kanamycin and streptomycin .
These findings suggest that the enriched archaeon is a mesophilic anaerobe , which can grow heterotrophically on peptides .
Further enrichment on peptone and kanamycin eventually allowed the microscopic detection of coccoid cells stained by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enriched RC-III archaeon grew optimally at temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees C and neutral pH using YE , meat extract , peptone or tryptone under anoxic conditions .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of diazotrophic growth promoting bacteria from rhizosphere of agricultural crops of Korea .
| | Author: Park M Kim C Yang J Lee H Shin W Kim S Sa T | | Journal: Microbiol . Res . Citation: V : 160 ( 2 ) P : 127-33 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15881829 Accession (PMID): 15881829 | | Abstract: Free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of seven different plant namely sesame , maize , wheat , soybean , lettuce , pepper and rice grown in Chungbuk Province , Korea .
Five isolates with nitrogenase activity above 150nmol ( -1 ) mg ( -1 ) protein were identified based on , phenotypic and 16S rDNA sequences analysis .
The strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( PM-1 , PM-26 ) , Bacillus fusiformis ( PM-5 , PM-24 ) and Pseudomonas fluorescens ( PM-13 ) , respectively .
All the isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , in the presence of tryptophan , ranging from 100 . 4 microg ml ( -1 ) ( PM-13 ) to 255 microg ml ( -1 ) ( PM-24 ) .
The isolate PM-24 ( Bacillus fusiformis ) exhibiting highest nitrogenase activity ( 3677 . 81 nmol h ( -1 ) mg ( -1 ) protein ) and IAA production ( 255microg ml ( -1 ) ) has a promising potential for developing as a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: All the isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , in the presence of tryptophan , ranging from 100 . 4 microg ml ( -1 ) ( PM-13 ) to 255 microg ml ( -1 ) ( PM-24 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular dynamics of detoxification and toxin-tolerance genes in brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stl . , Homoptera : Delphacidae ) feeding on resistant rice plants .
| | Author: Yang Z Zhang F He Q He G | | Journal: Arch .
Insect Biochem . Physiol . Citation: V : 59 ( 2 ) P : 59-66 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15898115 Accession (PMID): 15898115 | | Abstract: To investigate the molecular response of brown planthopper , Nilaparvata lugens ( BPH ) to BPH-resistant rice plants , we isolated cDNA fragments of the genes encoding for carboxylesterase ( CAR ) , trypsin ( TRY ) , cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ( P450 ) , NADH-quinone oxidoreductase ( NQO ) , acetylcholinesterase ( ACE ) , and Glutathione S-transferase ( GST ) .
Expression profiles of the genes were monitored on fourth instar nymphs feeding on rice varieties with different resistance levels .
Northern blot hybridization showed that , compared with BPH reared on susceptible rice TN1 , expression of the genes for P450 and CAR was apparently up-regulated and TRY mRNA decreased in BPH feeding on a highly resistant rice line B5 and a moderately resistant rice variety MH63 , respectively .
Two transcripts of GST increased in BPH feeding on B5 ; but in BPH feeding on MH63 , this gene was inducible and its expression reached a maximum level at 24 h , and then decreased slightly .
The expression of NQO gene was enhanced in BPH on B5 plants but showed a constant expression in BPH on MH63 plants .
No difference in ACE gene expression among BPH on different rice plants was detected by the RT-PCR method .
The results suggest these genes may play important roles in the defense response of BPH to resistant rice . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: To investigate the molecular response of brown planthopper , Nilaparvata lugens ( BPH ) to BPH-resistant rice plants , we isolated cDNA fragments of the genes encoding for carboxylesterase ( CAR ) , trypsin ( TRY ) , cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ( P450 ) , NADH-quinone oxidoreductase ( NQO ) , acetylcholinesterase ( ACE ) , and Glutathione S-transferase ( GST ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Optimization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibition by rice dregs hydrolysates using response surface methodology .
| | Author: He GQ Xuan GD Ruan H Chen QH Xu Y | | Journal: Citation: V : 6 ( 6 ) P : 508-13 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15909335 Accession (PMID): 15909335 | | Abstract: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitory peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects and have been utilized for physiologically functional foods and pharmaceuticals .
The ACE inhibitory ability of a hydrolysate is determined by its peptide composition .
However , the peptide composition of a hydrolysate depends on proteolytic enzyme and the hydrolysis conditions .
In this study , the effect of process conditions on the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolyzed with a trypsin was investigated systematically using response surface methodology .
It was shown that the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolysates could be controlled by regulation of five process conditions .
Hydrolysis conditions for optimal ACE inhibition were defined using the response surface model of fractional factorial design ( FFD ) , steepest ascent design , and central composite design ( CCD ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , the effect of process conditions on the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolyzed with a trypsin was investigated systematically using response surface methodology .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of tryptophan-overproducing potato transgenic for a mutant rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene ( OASA1D ) .
| | Author: Matsuda F Yamada T Miyazawa H Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 222 ( 3 ) P : 535-45 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub15912354 Accession (PMID): 15912354 | | Abstract: Potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum cv .
May Queen ) transgenic for OASA1D , which encodes a point mutant of an alpha-subunit of rice ( Oryza sativa ) anthranilate synthase ( AS , EC 4 . 1 . 3 . 27 ) , were generated in order to determine the effects of the mutant gene on levels of free tryptophan ( Trp ) and AS activity in this important crop .
Expression of OASA1D in potato induced a 2 to 20-fold increase in the amount of free Trp .
This increase was likely due to a reduction in the sensitivity of AS containing the mutant alpha-subunit to feedback inhibition by Trp .
Nontargeted metabolite profiling by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet photodiode array detection as well as targeted profiling by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed no marked changes in the levels of other metabolites , with the exception of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , in the transgenic plants .
The level of IAA in the upper part of the shoot was increased by a factor of 8 . 3-39 , depending on the transgenic lines , with no detectable effect on plant growth or development .
The effects of transformation thus appeared limited to the biosynthesis of Trp and IAA , with the overall metabolic network in potato being virtually unaffected .
These results suggest that transformation with OASA1D may prove effective for the breeding of crops with an increased level of free Trp . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: May Queen ) transgenic for OASA1D , which encodes a point mutant of an alpha-subunit of rice ( Oryza sativa ) anthranilate synthase ( AS , EC 4 . 1 . 3 . 27 ) , were generated in order to determine the effects of the mutant gene on levels of free tryptophan ( Trp ) and AS activity in this important crop .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Nutrient composition and biological evaluation of an unconventional legume , Canavalia cathartica of mangroves .
| | Author: Seena S Sridhar KR .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 55 ( 8 ) P : 615-25 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16019306 Accession (PMID): 16019306 | | Abstract: Seeds of an unconventional legume , Canavalia cathartica from the mangroves of the southwest coast of India , were screened for proximate composition , minerals , protein fractions , amino acid profiles , fatty acids and some anti-nutritional factors .
The seeds consisted of 31 . 2% , 1 . 86% , 61 . 4% and 1580 kJ crude proteins , crude lipid , crude carbohydrates and calories , respectively .
The crude protein content of seeds was higher than common cereals , whole-wheat flour ( 8 . 55% ) , parboiled rice ( 7 . 7% ) and egg ( 12 . 6% ) .
Essential amino acids , threonine , cysteine + methionine , isoleucine , tyrosine + phenylalanine and lysine were higher than Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations/World Health Organization patterns .
On comparing the amino acid profile of mangrove and sand dune C cathartica seeds , the latter were found to be superior ( total amino acid content , 123 . 5% versus 60 . 8% ) , while the result was vice versa with respect to the polyunsaturated/saturated ratio ( 105 . 9 versus 2 . 52 ) .
The seeds possessed 1420 mg/100 g total phenolics and strong hemagglutination activity , while tannins and trypsin inhibition activity were absent .
Physical , nutritional and anti-nutritional features of seeds of C cathartica of the mangrove have been compared with those of C cathartica of the sand dunes of the southwest coast of India .
A significant difference ( P < 0 . 05 ) was observed between the physical , proximal and mineral composition except for ash , magnesium and copper .
The protein efficiency ratio , food efficiency ratio , net protein retention , protein retention efficiency , biological value , net protein utilization and true digestibility of C cathartica seeds were significantly different ( P < 0 . 05 ) from casein .
In spite of the high protein content , animal-feeding trials indicated low nutritional quality .
Nutritional , anti-nutritional factors and protein qualities of seeds C cathartica have been discussed in comparison with other species of Canavalia .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The seeds possessed 1420 mg/100 g total phenolics and strong hemagglutination activity , while tannins and trypsin inhibition activity were absent .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Protein synthesis by rice coleoptiles during prolonged anoxia : implications for glycolysis , growth and energy utilization .
| | Author: Huang S Greenway H Colmer TD Millar AH .
| | Journal: Ann . Bot . Citation: V : 96 ( 4 ) P : 703-15 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16027131 Accession (PMID): 16027131 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS : Anoxia-tolerant plant it issues synthesize a number of proteins during anoxia , in addition to the classical anaerobic proteins involved in glycolysis and fermentation .
The present study used a model system of rice coleoptile tips to elucidate patterns of protein synthesis in this anoxia-tolerant plant it issue .
METHODS : Coleoptile tips 7-11 mm long were excised from intact seedlings exposed to anoxia , or excised from hypoxically pre-treated seedlings and then exposed to anoxia for 72 h .
Total proteins or 35S-labelled proteins were extracted , separated using two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analysed using mass spectrometry .
KEY RESULTS : The coleoptile tips excised after intact seedlings had been exposed to anoxia for 72 h had a similar proteome to tips that were first excised and then exposed to anoxia .
After 72 h anoxia , Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors and a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein decreased in abundance , whereas a nucleoside diphosphate kinase and several proteins with unknown functions were strongly enhanced .
Using [ 35S ] methionine as label , proteins synthesized at high levels in anoxia , and also in aeration , included a nucleoside diphosphate kinase , a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein , a putative elicitor-inducible protein and a putative actin-depolymerizing factor .
Proteins synthesized predominately in anoxia included a pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase ( PPDK ) , alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2 , fructose 1 , 6-bisphosphate aldolase and a protein of unknown function .
CONCLUSION : The induction of PPDK in anoxic rice coleoptiles might , in combination with pyruvate kinase ( PK ) , enable operation of a substrate cycle producing PPi from ATP .
Production of PPi would ( a ) direct energy to crucial transport processes across the tonoplast ( ie the H+-PPiase ) ; ( b ) be required for sucrose hydrolysis via sucrose synthase ; and ( c ) enable acceleration of glycolysis , via pyrophosphate : fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase ( PFP ) acting in parallel with phosphofructokinase ( PFK ) , thus enhancing ATP production in anoxic rice coleoptiles ; ATP production would need to be increased if there was a substantial requirement for PPi . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: After 72 h anoxia , Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors and a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein decreased in abundance , whereas a nucleoside diphosphate kinase and several proteins with unknown functions were strongly enhanced .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Structure-based in vitro engineering of the anthranilate synthase , a metabolic key enzyme in the plant tryptophan pathway .
| | Author: Kanno T Komatsu A Kasai K Dubouzet JG Sakurai M Ikejiri-Kanno Y Wakasa K Tozawa Y | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 138 ( 4 ) P : 2260-8 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16040654 Accession (PMID): 16040654 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit , OASA2 , was modified by in vitro mutagenesis based on structural information from bacterial homologs .
Twenty-four amino acid residues , predicted as putative tryptophan binding sites or their proximal regions in the OASA2 sequence , were selected and 36 mutant OASA2 genes were constructed by PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis .
Corresponding mutant proteins were synthesized in a combination of two in vitro systems , transcription with a bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase and translation with a wheat-embryo cell-free system .
Enzymatic functions of the mutant proteins were simultaneously examined , and we found six mutants with elevated catalytic activity and five mutants with enhanced tolerance to feedback inhibition by tryptophan .
Moreover , we observed that some sets of specific combinations of the novel mutations additively conferred both characteristics to the mutant enzymes .
The functions of the mutant enzymes were confirmed in vivo .
The free tryptophan content of mutant rice calli expressing OASA2 enzyme with a double mutation was 30-fold of that of untransformed calli .
Thus , our in vitro approach utilizing structural information of bacterial homologs is a potent technique to generate designer enzymes with predefined functions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Twenty-four amino acid residues , predicted as putative tryptophan binding sites or their proximal regions in the OASA2 sequence , were selected and 36 mutant OASA2 genes were constructed by PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Enzymatic functions of the mutant proteins were simultaneously examined , and we found six mutants with elevated catalytic activity and five mutants with enhanced tolerance to feedback inhibition by tryptophan .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The free tryptophan content of mutant rice calli expressing OASA2 enzyme with a double mutation was 30-fold of that of untransformed calli .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Selective insecticide-induced stimulation on fecundity and biochemical changes in Tryporyza incertulas ( Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
| | Author: Wang AH Wu JC Yu YS Liu JL Yue JF Wang MY .
| | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Citation: V : 98 ( 4 ) P : 1144-9 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16156564 Accession (PMID): 16156564 | | Abstract: The use of selective insecticides in rice , Oryza sativa L , fields often causes resurgence of nontarget pest insects .
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two selective insecticides , buprofezin and imidacloprid , on Tryporyza incertulas ( Walker ) , a nontarget pest After larval feeding on rice plants treated with each insecticide , fecundity , ovary protein content , and titer of juvenile hormone III ( JHIII ) in the resulting female moths were determined with Xiushui 63 rice susceptible to T incertulas and Zhendao 2 moderately resistant to T incertulas .
The fecundity of females developed from larvae that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 plants was stimulated compared with that of moths from larvae that fed on rice plants that were not treated with either insecticide .
There was no stimulating effect in females from larvae that fed on insecticide-treated Zhendao 2 plants .
The weight of fourth instars ( final instars ) that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 rice plants was significantly greater than that of control , increasing by 50 . 3 and 46 . 7% for 60 and 112 . 5 g ( AI ) ha ( -1 ) buprofezin , and by 23 . 7 and 19 . 5% for 15 and 37 . 5 g ( AI ) ha ( -1 ) imidacloprid treatments , respectively .
Ovary protein content in adult females developed from larvae that fed on the rice treated with the high dose of buprofezin was significantly higher than that in control .
For the high and low doses of imidacloprid during the second instar , and the low dose of imidacloprid during the fourth instar , JHIII titers in female adults were also significantly higher than that in control , increasing by 152 . 81 , 90 . 52 , and 114 . 19% , respectively . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two selective insecticides , buprofezin and imidacloprid , on Tryporyza incertulas ( Walker ) , a nontarget pest After larval feeding on rice plants treated with each insecticide , fecundity , ovary protein content , and titer of juvenile hormone III ( JHIII ) in the resulting female moths were determined with Xiushui 63 rice susceptible to T incertulas and Zhendao 2 moderately resistant to T incertulas .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cloning and characterization of a rice cDNA encoding glutamate decarboxylase .
| | Author: Oh SH Choi WG Lee IT Yun SJ .
| | Journal: J Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 38 ( 5 ) P : 595-601 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16202241 Accession (PMID): 16202241 | | Abstract: In this study , we have isolated a rice ( Oryza sativa L ) glutamate decarboxylase ( RicGAD ) clone from a root cDNA library , using a partial Arabidopsis thaliana GAD gene as a probe .
The rice root cDNA library was constructed with mRNA , which had been derived from the roots of rice seedlings subjected to phosphorus deprivation .
Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the RicGAD clone was 1 , 712 bp long , and harbors a complete open reading frame of 505 amino acids .
The 505 amino acid sequence deduced from this RicGAD clone exhibited 67 . 7 % and 61 . 9 % identity with OsGAD1 ( AB056060 ) and OsGAD2 ( AB056061 ) in the database , respectively .
The 505 amino acid sequence also exhibited 62 . 9 , 64 . 1 , and 64 . 2 % identity to Arabidopsis GAD ( U9937 ) , Nicotiana tabacum GAD ( AF020425 ) , and Petunia hybrida GAD ( L16797 ) , respectively .
The RicGAD was found to possess a highly conserved tryptophan residue , but lacks the lysine cluster at the C-proximal position , as well as other stretches of positively charged residues .
The GAD sequence was expressed heterologously using the high copy number plasmid , pVUCH .
Our activation analysis revealed that the maximal activation of the RicGAD occurred in the presence of both Ca ( 2+ ) and calmodulin .
The GAD-encoded 56 approximately 58 kDa protein was identified via Western blot analysis , using an anti-GAD monoclonal antibody .
The results of our RT-PCR analyses revealed that RicGAD is expressed predominantly in rice roots obtained from rice seedlings grown under phosphorus deprivation conditions , and in non-germinated brown rice , which is known to have a limited phosphorus bioavailability .
These results indicate that RicGAD is a Ca ( 2+ ) / calmodulin-dependent enzyme , and that RicGAD is expressed primarily under phosphate deprivation conditions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The RicGAD was found to possess a highly conserved tryptophan residue , but lacks the lysine cluster at the C-proximal position , as well as other stretches of positively charged residues .
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| Title: Characterization of bacteriocin N15 produced by Enterococcus faecium N15 and cloning of the related genes .
| | Author: Losteinkit C Uchiyama K Ochi S Takaoka T Nagahisa K Shioya S | | Journal: J Biosci . Bioeng . Citation: V : 91 ( 4 ) P : 390-5 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16233010 Accession (PMID): 16233010 | | Abstract: Enterococcus faecium N15 was isolated from nuka ( Japanese rice-bran paste ) , which is utilized as starter in the fermenting of vegetables , and was found to produce a bacteriocin that exhibited a broad spectrum of activity , including activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus circulans JCM2504 .
The bacteriocin was sensitive to proteases ( alpha-chymotrypsin , proteinase K , trypsin , and pepsin ) and alpha-amylase , but it was resistant to lipase .
The bacteriocin was resistant to heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 2 h , but its activity was completely lost after autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 15 min .
It was active over a wide pH range from 2 . 0 to 10 . 0 .
The bacteriocin showed bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus sake JCM1157 at a concentration of 40 AU/ml .
Its molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be about 3-5 kDa .
PCR primers were designed based on the conserved amino acid sequences of class IIa bacteriocins .
A 3-kb DNA fragment was amplified and three open reading frames ( ORFs ) were found .
The first encodes a probable immunity protein of 103 amino acid residues and shows complete homology with the putative immunity protein of E faecium DPC1146 .
The second and third ORFs respectively encode a probable transposase gene and an inducing factor .
The upstream region of the immunity gene , in which the bacteriocin structural gene is located , was amplified .
A homology search revealed that the bacteriocin produced by E faecium N15 exhibits complete identity to enterocin A , a bacteriocin produced by E faecium DPC1146 .
PCR using the primers designed in this study is a rapid and sufficient method of screening for bacteriocin-producing strains .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The bacteriocin was sensitive to proteases ( alpha-chymotrypsin , proteinase K , trypsin , and pepsin ) and alpha-amylase , but it was resistant to lipase .
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| Title: Characterization and transcriptional expression of the alpha-expansin gene family in rice .
| | Author: Shin JH Jeong DH Park MC An G | | Journal: Mol .
Cells Citation: V : 20 ( 2 ) P : 210-8 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16267395 Accession (PMID): 16267395 | | Abstract: The rice genome contains at least 28 EXPA ( alpha-expansin ) genes .
We have obtained near full-length cDNAs from the previously uncharacterized genes .
Analysis of these newly identified clones together with the 12 identified earlier showed that the EXPA genes contain up to two introns and encode proteins of 240 to 291 amino acid residues .
The EXPA proteins contain three conserved motifs : eight cysteine residues at the N-terminus , four tryptophan residues at the C-terminus , and a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate motif in the central region .
EXPA proteins could be divided into six groups based on their sequence similarity .
Most were strongly induced in two-day-old seedlings and in the roots of one-week-old plants .
However , only 14 genes were expressed in the aboveground organs , and their patterns were quite diverse .
Transcript levels of EXPA7 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 21 , and 29 were greater in stems , while EXPA2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 16 were highly expressed in both stem and sheath but not in leaf blade .
EXPA1 is leaf blade-preferential , and EXP9 is leaf sheath-preferential Most of the root-expressed genes were more strongly expressed in the dividing zone .
However , the Group 2 EXPA genes were also strongly expressed in both mature and dividing zones , while EXPA9 was preferentially expressed in the elongation zone .
Fourteen EXPA genes were expressed in developing panicles , with some being expressed during most developmental stages , others only as the panicles matured .
These diverse expression patterns of EXPA genes suggest that in general they have distinct roles in plant growth and development . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The EXPA proteins contain three conserved motifs : eight cysteine residues at the N-terminus , four tryptophan residues at the C-terminus , and a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate motif in the central region .
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| Title: Population of Aerobic Heterotrophic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Associated with Wetland and Dryland Rice .
| | Author: Barraquio WL de Guzman MR Barrion M Watanabe I | | Journal: Citation: V : 43 ( 1 ) P : 124-128 Year: 1982 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16345914 Accession (PMID): 16345914 | | Abstract: Nitrogen-fixing activity and populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with two varieties of rice grown in dryland and wetland conditions were measured at various growth stages during the dry season .
Acetylene reduction activities were measured both in the field and for the hydroponically grown rice , which was transferred from the field to water culture 1 day before assay .
The activities measured by both methods were higher in wetland than in dryland rice .
The population of nitrogen-fixing heterotrophic bacteria associated with rhizosphere soil , root , and basal shoots was determined by the most probable number method with semisolid glucose-yeast extract and semisolid malate-yeast extract media .
The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was higher in wetland conditions than in dryland conditions .
The difference between two conditions was most pronounced in the population associated with the basal shoot .
The glucose medium gave higher counts than did the malate medium .
Colonies were picked from tryptic soy agar plates , and their nitrogen-fixing activity was tested on a semisolid glucose-yeast extract medium .
The incidence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria among aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in association with rhizosphere soil , root , and basal shoots was much lower in dryland rice than in wetland rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Colonies were picked from tryptic soy agar plates , and their nitrogen-fixing activity was tested on a semisolid glucose-yeast extract medium .
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| Title: Production and partial characterization of bacteriocin-like pepitdes by Bacillus licheniformis ZJU12 .
| | Author: He L Chen W Liu Y | | Journal: Microbiol . Res . Citation: V : 161 ( 4 ) P : 321-6 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16427261 Accession (PMID): 16427261 | | Abstract: Bacillus licheniformis ZJU12 , which was isolated from soil , could produce bacteriocin-like peptides that exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against various species of Gram-positive bacteria and fungal pathogens , but not against Gram-negative bacteria tested except Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , a rice pathogen .
The bacteriocin-like peptides were sensitive to proteinase K and trypsin .
The activity was stable during temperature exposure up to 100 degrees C for 30 min , but lost completely at 121 degrees C for 15 min .
The cell-free supernatant of B licheniformis ZJU12 was shown to retain the activity within the pH range of 2-9 , and the optimum pH for the activity was about 6 . 5 .
No adverse effect of the antagonistic compound to mice was observed in acute toxicity tests with the dose of 0 . 8 mg/20 g .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The bacteriocin-like peptides were sensitive to proteinase K and trypsin .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Production of the vacuolation factor of Bacillus cereus isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning .
| | Author: Shinagawa K Otake S Matsusaka N Sugii S | | Journal: J Vet . Med . Sci . Citation: V : 54 ( 3 ) P : 443-6 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1643168 Accession (PMID): 1643168 | | Abstract: Vacuole response in HEp-2 cells was induced with culture supernatants of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from outbreaks of vomiting and diarrheal-type food poisoning grown in rice flour and laboratory media .
High vacuole response was obtained with culture supernatants of B cereus strains isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning grown in cooked rice suspension or on a cooked rice plate , whereas no response was obtained with those of the same strains grown in brain heart infusion and trypto-soya broth media .
The vacuole activity appeared only after spore formation of B cereus .
The activity was stable to proteolytic enzymes , heating , and exposing to pH 2 . 0 and 11 . 0 .
Of 124 strains isolated from B cereus food poisoning that were tested , the vacuole activity was observed by 68 of 110 ( 61 . 8% ) of the strains isolated from the vomiting-type food poisoning but not by all strains ( 14 strains ) from diarrheal-type ones .
Moreover , the vacuole response in the HEp-2 cells was found to be induced by 56 of 76 ( 73 . 7% ) of the serotype H-1 strains isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: High vacuole response was obtained with culture supernatants of B cereus strains isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning grown in cooked rice suspension or on a cooked rice plate , whereas no response was obtained with those of the same strains grown in brain heart infusion and trypto-soya broth media .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Protein oxidation in plant mitochondria detected as oxidized tryptophan .
| | Author: Mller IM Kristensen BK .
| | Journal: Free Radic . Biol . Med . Citation: V : 40 ( 3 ) P : 430-5 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16443157 Accession (PMID): 16443157 | | Abstract: The formation of N-formylkynurenine by dioxygenation of tryptophan was detected in peptides from rice leaf and potato tuber mitochondria .
Proteins in matrix and membrane fractions were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified using a Q-TOF mass spectrometer .
N-Formylkynurenine was detected in 29 peptides representing 17 different proteins .
With one exception , the oxidation-sensitive aconitase , all of these proteins were either redox active themselves or subunits in redox-active enzyme complexes .
The same site was modified in ( i ) several adjacent spots containing the P protein of the glycine decarboxylase complex , ( ii ) two different isoforms of the mitochondrial processing peptidase in complex III , and ( iii ) the same tryptophan residues in Mn-superoxide dismutase in both rice and potato mitochondria .
This indicates that Trp oxidation is a selective process .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The formation of N-formylkynurenine by dioxygenation of tryptophan was detected in peptides from rice leaf and potato tuber mitochondria .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The same site was modified in ( i ) several adjacent spots containing the P protein of the glycine decarboxylase complex , ( ii ) two different isoforms of the mitochondrial processing peptidase in complex III , and ( iii ) the same tryptophan residues in Mn-superoxide dismutase in both rice and potato mitochondria .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Adult variant of self-healing papular mucinosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis : predominant proliferation of dermal dendritic cells expressing CD34 or factor XIIIa in association with dermal deposition of mucin .
| | Author: Yokoyama E Muto M | | Journal: J Dermatol .
Citation: V : 33 ( 1 ) P : 30-5 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16469081 Accession (PMID): 16469081 | | Abstract: According to a recent classification , self-healing papular mucinosis ( SHPM ) is a subtype of papular mucinosis ( also known as lichen myxedematosus ) , which is in turn a type of idiopathic localized cutaneous mucinosis .
SHPM tends to occur in children , but there have been a few reports of an adult type .
We report a 70-year-old Japanese woman who presented with reddish , rice-kernel-sized papules of a few days duration on her right arm .
She had a 25-year history of rheumatoid arthritis , which had been well treated with a low dose of corticosteroid as well as some other medications .
No paraproteinemia or thyroid dysfunction were observed .
The eruptions spontaneously resolved within 2 . 5 months of onset .
Histological findings showed a well-circumscribed mucinous stroma surrounded by dermal mesenchymal cells , such as fibroblast-like cells in the middle of the dermis .
Immunohistochemically , these cells were positive only for vimentin on the mucinous lesion .
On the circumference of the mucinous lesion , these cells expressed either CD34 or factor XIIIa ( FXIIIa ) .
Because vimentin was common to dermal mesenchymal cells , we defined the cells expressing CD34 or FXIIIa , except for vimentin+ cells lacking CD34 or FXIIIa , as dermal dendritic cells ( DDC ) .
The findings of the present case suggest that CD34+ or FXIIIa+ DDC and tryptase-positive mast cells on the perilesional area in combination with vimentin+ cells on the mucinous lesion might have given rise to the dermal deposition of mucin in our case .
These cells , which are possibly activated in an autoimmune manner associated with rheumatoid arthritis , might play important roles in the development of dermal deposition of mucin in SHPM .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: The findings of the present case suggest that CD34+ or FXIIIa+ DDC and tryptase-positive mast cells on the perilesional area in combination with vimentin+ cells on the mucinous lesion might have given rise to the dermal deposition of mucin in our case .
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| Title: D-Ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase : functional and structural relationships to members of the ribulose-phosphate binding ( beta/alpha ) 8-barrel superfamily .
| | Author: Akana J Fedorov AA Fedorov E Novak WR Babbitt PC Almo SC Gerlt JA .
| | Journal: Biochemistry Citation: V : 45 ( 8 ) P : 2493-503 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16489742 Accession (PMID): 16489742 | | Abstract: The "ribulose phosphate binding" superfamily defined by the Structural Classification of Proteins ( SCOP ) database is considered the result of divergent evolution from a common ( beta/alpha ) ( 8 ) -barrel ancestor .
The superfamily includes d-ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase ( RPE ) , orotidine 5-monophosphate decarboxylase ( OMPDC ) , and 3-keto-l-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase ( KGPDC ) , members of the OMPDC suprafamily , as well as enzymes involved in histidine and tryptophan biosynthesis that utilize phosphorylated metabolites as substrates .
We now report studies of the functional and structural relationships of RPE to the members of the superfamily .
As suggested by the results of crystallographic studies of the RPEs from rice [ Jelakovic , S , Kopriva , S , Suss , K H , and Schulz , G E ( 2003 ) J Mol . Biol . 326 , 127-35 ] and Plasmodium falciparum [ Caruthers , J , Bosch , J , Bucker , F , Van Voorhis , W , Myler , P , Worthey , E , Mehlin , C , Boni , E , De Titta , G , Luft , J , Kalyuzhniy , O , Anderson , L , Zucker , F , Soltis , M , and Hol , W G J ( 2006 ) Proteins 62 , 338-42 ] , the RPE from Streptococcus pyogenes is activated by Zn ( 2+ ) which binds with a stoichiometry of one ion per polypeptide .
Although wild type RPE has a high affinity for Zn ( 2+ ) and inactive apoenzyme can not be prepared , the affinity for Zn ( 2+ ) is decreased by alanine substitutions for the two histidine residues that coordinate the Zn ( 2+ ) ion ( H34A and H67A ) ; these mutant proteins can be prepared in an inactive , metal-free form and activated by exogenous Zn ( 2+ ) .
The crystal structure of the RPE was solved at 1 . 8 A resolution in the presence of d-xylitol 5-phosphate , an inert analogue of the d-xylulose 5-phosphate substrate .
This structure suggests that the 2 , 3-enediolate intermediate in the 1 , 1-proton transfer reaction is stabilized by bidentate coordination to the Zn ( 2+ ) that also is liganded to His 34 , Asp 36 , His 67 , and Asp 176 ; the carboxylate groups of the Asp residues are positioned also to function as the acid/base catalysts .
Although the conformation of the bound analogue resembles those of ligands bound in the active sites of OMPDC and KGPDC , the identities of the active site residues that coordinate the essential Zn ( 2+ ) and participate as acid/base catalysts are not conserved .
We conclude that only the phosphate binding motif located at the ends of the seventh and eighth beta-strands of the ( beta/alpha ) ( 8 ) -barrel is functionally conserved among RPE , OMPDC , and KGPDC , consistent with the hypothesis that the members of the "ribulose phosphate binding" ( beta/alpha ) ( 8 ) -barrel "superfamily" as defined by SCOP have not evolved by evolutionary processes involving the intact ( beta/alpha ) ( 8 ) -barrel .
Instead , this "superfamily" may result from assembly from smaller modules , including the conserved phosphate binding motif associated with the C-terminal ( beta/alpha ) ( 2 ) -quarter barrel .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The superfamily includes d-ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase ( RPE ) , orotidine 5-monophosphate decarboxylase ( OMPDC ) , and 3-keto-l-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase ( KGPDC ) , members of the OMPDC suprafamily , as well as enzymes involved in histidine and tryptophan biosynthesis that utilize phosphorylated metabolites as substrates .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: A chromogenic plating medium for the isolation and identification of Enterobacter sakazakii from foods , food ingredients , and environmental sources .
| | Author: Restaino L Frampton EW Lionberg WC Becker RJ .
| | Journal: J Food Prot .
Citation: V : 69 ( 2 ) P : 315-22 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16496571 Accession (PMID): 16496571 | | Abstract: A chromogenic agar , R&F Enterobacter sakazakii chromogenic plating medium ( ESPM ) , was developed for isolating presumptive colonies of E sakazakii from foods and environmental sources .
ESPM contains two chromogenic substrates ( 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-cellobioside ) , three sugars ( sorbitol , D-arabitol , and adonitol ) , a pH indicator , and inhibitors ( bile salts , vancomycin , and cefsulodin ) , which all contribute to its selectivity and differential properties .
On ESPM , 79 pure culture strains of E sakazakii ( 10 clinical isolates and others from food and environmental sources ) yielded blue-black ( three strains were blue-gray ) raised colonies , 1 to 2 mm in diameter with and without halos after 24 h at 35 degrees C Other enteric organisms plus Pseudomonas aeruginosa yielded white , yellow , green , or clear colonies with and without clear halos .
Of these genera , only Shigella sonnei and one Pantoea strain produced blue-black to blue-gray colonies .
ESPM was used to isolate E sakazakii from a variety of foods : corn , wheat , and rice flours ; powdered infant formula ; dairy products ( dried milk , whey , and caseinates ) ; cereals ; and environmental sources .
Most false-positive results on ESPM were eliminated by observing acid production on either sucrose or melibiose after 6 h at 35 degrees C on a R&F E sakazakii screening medium ( ESSM ) biplate .
In an analysis of 240 samples , the number of samples positive for E sakazakii by the ESPM-ESSM method and the US Food and Drug Administration protocols ( violet red bile glucose agar and tryptic soy agar ) were 27 and 16 , respectively , with sensitivity and specificity values of 100 . 0 and 96 . 9% versus 59 . 3 and 43 . 7% , respectively .
These data support the fact that E sakazakii confirmation should be based on more than one confirmation system .
Both the API 20E and Biolog Microlog3 4 . 20 systems should be used for confirmation of E sakazakii isolates .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: In an analysis of 240 samples , the number of samples positive for E sakazakii by the ESPM-ESSM method and the US Food and Drug Administration protocols ( violet red bile glucose agar and tryptic soy agar ) were 27 and 16 , respectively , with sensitivity and specificity values of 100 . 0 and 96 . 9% versus 59 . 3 and 43 . 7% , respectively .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cytotoxic and antimitotic effects of N-containing Monascus metabolites studied using immortalized human kidney epithelial cells .
| | Author: Knecht A Humpf HU .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 50 ( 4-5 ) P : 406-12 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16598808 Accession (PMID): 16598808 | | Abstract: Recently the first Monascus metabolites with a pyridine ring were detected , the monascopyridines A and B They are formally dehydrogenated derivatives of the red rice pigments rubropunctamine and monascorubramine .
Because of their structural similarity , the toxicological effects of these secondary metabolites were studied using immortalized human kidney epithelial cells .
The cytotoxicity was determined with the following different endpoint detection methods : metabolic activity , trypan blue exclusion , and electronic cell counting .
The compounds led to EC ( 50 ) values between 11 and 31 micromol/L but the pigments caused a stronger reduction of the cell viability .
Also , the apoptotic potential was examined by measuring caspase 3 activity and detecting apoptotic bodies , but none of the tested compounds induced apoptosis .
All four substances caused a rise of the mitotic index to about 9% ( 100 micromol/L monascopyridine A and B ) and 20% ( 25 micromol/L rubropunctamine and monascorubramine ) .
The significant decrease of the ratio of cells in the ana and telophase to cells in the prometa and metaphase proved a stop of the mitosis at the meta to anaphase control point .
The compounds caused mitotic arrest and the formation of structural damages like c-mitosis through interaction with the mitotic spindle .
These effects point to an aneuploidy inducing potential , which is linked to cancer formation . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cytotoxicity was determined with the following different endpoint detection methods : metabolic activity , trypan blue exclusion , and electronic cell counting .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biochemical characterization of the major sorghum grain peroxidase .
| | Author: Dicko MH Gruppen H Hilhorst R Voragen AG van Berkel WJ .
| | Journal: FEBS J Citation: V : 273 ( 10 ) P : 2293-307 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16650004 Accession (PMID): 16650004 | | Abstract: The major cationic peroxidase in sorghum grain ( SPC4 ) , which is ubiquitously present in all sorghum varieties was purified to apparent homogeneity , and found to be a highly basic protein ( pI approximately 11 ) .
MS analysis showed that SPC4 consists of two glycoforms with molecular masses of 34 , 227 and 35 , 629 Da and it contains a type-b heme .
Chemical deglycosylation allowed to estimate sugar contents of 3 . 0% and 6 . 7% ( w/w ) in glycoform I and II , respectively , and a mass of the apoprotein of 33 , 246 Da .
High performance anion exchange chromatography allowed to determine the carbohydrate constituents of the polysaccharide chains .
The N-terminal sequence of SPC4 is not blocked by pyroglutamate .
MS analysis showed that six peptides , including the N-terminal sequence of SPC4 matched with the predicted tryptic peptides of gene indice TC102191 of sorghum chromosome 1 , indicating that TC102191 codes for the N-terminal part of the sequence of SPC4 , including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids .
The N-terminal fragment of SPC4 ( 213 amino acids ) has a high sequence identity with barley BP1 ( 85% ) , rice Prx23 ( 90% ) , wheat WSP1 ( 82% ) and maize peroxidase ( 58% ) , indicative for a common ancestor .
SPC4 is activated by calcium ions .
Ca2+ binding increased the protein conformational stability by raising the melting temperature ( Tm ) from 67 to 82 degrees C SPC4 catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic substrates , being catalytically more efficient with hydroxycinnamates than with tyrosine derivatives .
In spite of the conserved active sites , SPC4 differs from BP1 in being active with aromatic compounds above pH 5 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: MS analysis showed that six peptides , including the N-terminal sequence of SPC4 matched with the predicted tryptic peptides of gene indice TC102191 of sorghum chromosome 1 , indicating that TC102191 codes for the N-terminal part of the sequence of SPC4 , including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Action of Corn and Rice-inactivating Proteins on a Purified Nitrate Reductase from Chlorella vulgaris .
| | Author: Yamaya T Solomonson LP Oaks A | | Journal: Citation: V : 65 ( 1 ) P : 146-150 Year: 1980 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16661131 Accession (PMID): 16661131 | | Abstract: When nitrate reductase ( NR ) purified from Chlorella was incubated with NR-inactivating proteins purified from corn roots and rice cell suspension cultures or with trypsin there was a loss in NADH-NR and NADH cytochrome c reductase ( NADH-CR ) activities with time whereas the reduced methylviologen NR ( MV-NR ) remained active .
When NADH-NR and NADH-CR activities were inactivated completely by the incubation with corn protein , the major protein band obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shifted from an R ( F ) value of 0 . 12 to an R ( F ) of 0 . 25 and reduced MV-NR activity moved to the new position on the gel .
When NADH-NR and NADH-CR activities were partially inactivated by the corn protein , NADH-NR activity was detected in an intermediate position ( R ( F ) value of 0 . 18 ) .
Incubation with trypsin also caused a change in the NR protein migration pattern ( R ( F ) value of 0 . 20 ) .
This protein band also had reduced MV-NR activity .
Thus , the corn inactivator degrades NR in a fashion similar to but not identical with trypsin .
The incubation of NR with rice inactivating protein resulted in a loss of NADH-NR but had no effect on the migration of NR protein or on the reduced MV-NR activity or mobility suggesting that the rice protein binds to Chlorella NR .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: When nitrate reductase ( NR ) purified from Chlorella was incubated with NR-inactivating proteins purified from corn roots and rice cell suspension cultures or with trypsin there was a loss in NADH-NR and NADH cytochrome c reductase ( NADH-CR ) activities with time whereas the reduced methylviologen NR ( MV-NR ) remained active .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Incubation with trypsin also caused a change in the NR protein migration pattern ( R ( F ) value of 0 . 20 ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , the corn inactivator degrades NR in a fashion similar to but not identical with trypsin .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice .
| | Author: Siriwardana S Nabors MW .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 73 ( 1 ) P : 142-146 Year: 1983 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16663163 Accession (PMID): 16663163 | | Abstract: Cereal embryos can produce two types of callus .
One type , termed "embryogenic , " consists of small meristematic-like cells and gives rise to many plants by somatic embryogenesis if placed on a suitable regeneration medium .
The other is termed "nonembryogenic" and consists of long tubular cells which gives rise to few or no plants .
High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L Calrose 76 , Pokkali , and IR 36 ) but not in four others ( Mahsuri , Bg 400-1 , H ( 4 ) , and Giza 159 ) .
The best concentration of tryptophan for Pokkali and Calrose 76 was 100 micrograms per milliliter , and for IR 36 , 50 micrograms per milliliter .
Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted an effect similar to that of tryptophan on Calrose 76 .
The difference between japonica ( Calrose 76 , Giza 159 ) and indica ( Pokkali , IR 36 ) varieties is not the causal factor for the difference in response to tryptophan .
Kinetin does not appear to be a requirement for embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76 .
Plant regeneration from Calrose 76 embryogenic callus occurred at low levels in media containing no hormones .
6-benzyladenine , or 2 , 3 , 5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0 . 1 to 0 . 5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L Calrose 76 , Pokkali , and IR 36 ) but not in four others ( Mahsuri , Bg 400-1 , H ( 4 ) , and Giza 159 ) .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The best concentration of tryptophan for Pokkali and Calrose 76 was 100 micrograms per milliliter , and for IR 36 , 50 micrograms per milliliter .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted an effect similar to that of tryptophan on Calrose 76 .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The difference between japonica ( Calrose 76 , Giza 159 ) and indica ( Pokkali , IR 36 ) varieties is not the causal factor for the difference in response to tryptophan .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Cloning , Characterization , and Expression of a cDNA Encoding a 50-Kilodalton Protein Specifically Induced by Cold Acclimation in Wheat .
| | Author: Houde M Danyluk J LalibertEJF Rassart E Dhindsa RS Sarhan F | | Journal: Citation: V : 99 ( 4 ) P : 1381-1387 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16669048 Accession (PMID): 16669048 | | Abstract: We have isolated , sequenced , and expressed a cold-specific cDNA clone , Wcs120 , that specifically hybridizes to a major mRNA species of approximately 1650 nucleotides from cold-acclimated wheat ( Triticum aestivum L ) .
The accumulation of this mRNA was induced in less than 24 hours of cold treatment , and remained at a high steady-state level during the entire period of cold acclimation in the two freezing-tolerant genotypes of wheat tested .
The expression of Wcs120 was transient in a less-tolerant genotype even though the genomic organization of the Wcs120 and the relative copy number were the same in the three genotypes .
The mRNA level decreased rapidly during deacclimation and was not induced by heat shock , drought , or abscisic acid .
The Wcs120 cDNA contains a long open reading frame encoding a protein of 390 amino acids .
The encoded protein is boiling stable , highly hydrophilic , and has a compositional bias for glycine ( 26 . 7% ) , threonine ( 16 . 7% ) , and histidine ( 10 . 8% ) , although cysteine , phenylalanine , and tryptophan were absent .
The WCS120 protein contains two repeated domains .
Domain A has the consensus amino acid sequence GEKKGVMENIKEKLPGGHGDHQQ , which is repeated 6 times , whereas domain B has the sequence TGGTYGQQGHTGTT , which is repeated 11 times .
The two domains were also found in barley dehydrins and rice abscisic acid-induced protein families .
The expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli , using the T ( 7 ) RNA polymerase promoter , produced a protein of 50 kilodaltons with an isoelectric point of 7 . 3 , and this product comigrated with a major protein synthesized in vivo and in vitro during cold acclimation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The encoded protein is boiling stable , highly hydrophilic , and has a compositional bias for glycine ( 26 . 7% ) , threonine ( 16 . 7% ) , and histidine ( 10 . 8% ) , although cysteine , phenylalanine , and tryptophan were absent .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Upregulation of jasmonate-inducible defense proteins and differential colonization of roots of Oryza sativa cultivars with the endophyte Azoarcus sp .
| | Author: Mich L Battistoni F Gemmer S Belghazi M Reinhold-Hurek B | | Journal: Mol .
Plant Microbe Interact .
Citation: V : 19 ( 5 ) P : 502-11 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16673937 Accession (PMID): 16673937 | | Abstract: The endophyte Azoarcus sp . strain BH72 expresses nitrogenase ( nif ) genes inside rice roots .
We applied a proteomic approach to dissect responses of rice roots toward bacterial colonization and jasmonic acid ( JA ) treatment .
Two sister lineages of Oryza sativa were analyzed with cv .
IR42 showing a less compatible interaction with the Azoarcus sp . resulting in slight root browning whereas cv .
IR36 was successfully colonized as determined by nifHi : : gusA activity .
External addition of JA inhibited colonization of roots and caused browning in contrast to the addition of ethylene , applied as ethephon ( up to 5 mM ) .
Only two of the proteins induced in cv .
IR36 by JA were also induced by the endophyte ( SalT , two isoforms ) .
In contrast , seven JA-induced proteins were also induced by bacteria in cv .
IR42 , indicating that IR42 showed a stronger defense response .
Mass spectrometry analysis identified these proteins as pathogenesis-related ( PR ) proteins ( Prb1 , RSOsPR10 ) or proteins sharing domains with receptorlike kinases induced by pathogens .
Proteins strongly induced in roots in both varieties by JA were identified as Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibittors , germinlike protein , putative endo-1 , 3-beta-D-glucosidase , glutathion-S-transferase , and 1-propane-1-carboxylate oxidase synthase , peroxidase precursor , PR10-a , and a RAN protein previously not found to be JA-induced .
Data suggest that plant defense responses involving JA may contribute to restricting endophytic colonization in grasses .
Remarkably , in a compatible interaction with endophytes , JA-inducible stress or defense responses are apparently not important . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: Proteins strongly induced in roots in both varieties by JA were identified as Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibittors , germinlike protein , putative endo-1 , 3-beta-D-glucosidase , glutathion-S-transferase , and 1-propane-1-carboxylate oxidase synthase , peroxidase precursor , PR10-a , and a RAN protein previously not found to be JA-induced .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in rice germ using protease .
| | Author: Zhang H Yao HY Chen F | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 70 ( 5 ) P : 1160-5 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16717417 Accession (PMID): 16717417 | | Abstract: The accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) in the rice germ by using protease was investigated .
After the proteolytic hydrolysis of germ protein by trypsin , the amount of GABA reached about 2 . 26 g per 100 g of germ .
This demonstrates that the GABA yield could be significantly increased by protease .
Our method is efficient and safe for manufacturing health food enriched with GABA . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: After the proteolytic hydrolysis of germ protein by trypsin , the amount of GABA reached about 2 . 26 g per 100 g of germ .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteomic analysis of rice leaf , stem and root it issues during growth course .
| | Author: Nozu Y Tsugita A Kamijo K | | Journal: Proteomics Citation: V : 6 ( 12 ) P : 3665-70 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16758443 Accession (PMID): 16758443 | | Abstract: Rice proteins were isolated from leaf , stem and root it issues , harvesting at 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 and 10 weeks after budding .
Each it issue of each age was separately pulverized in liquid nitrogen , and the resulted it issue powders were suspended in 10% TCA-acetone and followed by acetone suspension to precipitate at low temperature , which resulted in the it issue-specific and age-specific protein mixture .
The protein mixtures were separated by 2-DE using polyacrylamide gels ( 26 x 20 cm ) .
The protein spots were identified by N-terminal sequence analysis and by MALDI and LC-MS/MS analyses after in-gel tryptic digestion .
From a total of 4532 spots , 676 unique proteins were identified , of which 80 proteins ( 12% ) were observed in all three it issues : leaf , stem and root .
In addition , 45 ( 7% ) were common in leaf and stem , 57 ( 8% ) in stem and root , and 10 ( 2% ) proteins in root and leaf .
Also 141 unique proteins ( 21% ) were observed only for leaf , 96 ( 14% ) for stem , and 247 ( 36% ) for root it issue .
Proteins playing a role for photosynthesis and energy production were most abundant in leaf and stem , and those for cell defense were rich in roots . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The protein spots were identified by N-terminal sequence analysis and by MALDI and LC-MS/MS analyses after in-gel tryptic digestion .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: High-level tryptophan accumulation in seeds of transgenic rice and its limited effects on agronomic traits and seed metabolite profile .
| | Author: Wakasa K Hasegawa H Nemoto H Matsuda F Miyazawa H Tozawa Y Morino K Komatsu A Yamada T Terakawa T Miyagawa H | | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Citation: V : 57 ( 12 ) P : 3069-78 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub16908506 Accession (PMID): 16908506 | | Abstract: Metabolic manipulation of plants to improve their nutritional quality is an important goal of plant biotechnology .
Expression in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) of a transgene ( OASA1D ) encoding a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase results in the accumulation of tryptophan ( Trp ) in calli and leaves .
It is shown here that the amount of free Trp in the seeds of such plants is increased by about two orders of magnitude compared with that in the seeds of wild-type plants .
The total Trp content in the seeds of the transgenic plants was also increased .
Two homozygous lines , HW1 and HW5 , of OASA1D transgenic rice were generated for characterization of agronomic traits and aromatic metabolite profiling of seeds .
The marked overproduction of Trp was stable in these lines under field conditions , although spikelet fertility and yield , as well as seed germination ability , were reduced compared with the wild type .
These differences in agronomic traits were small , however , in HW5 .
In spite of the high Trp content in the seeds of the HW lines , metabolic profiling revealed no substantial changes in the amounts of other phenolic compounds .
The amount of indole acetic acid was increased about 2-fold in the seeds of the transgenic lines .
The establishment and characterization of these OASA1D transgenic lines have thus demonstrated the feasibility of increasing the Trp content in the seeds of rice ( or of other crops ) as a means of improving its nutritional value for human consumption or animal feed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) of a transgene ( OASA1D ) encoding a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase results in the accumulation of tryptophan ( Trp ) in calli and leaves .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: An antibiotic-free medium for the xenic cultivation of Entamoeba gingivalis .
| | Author: Gannon JT Linke HA .
| | Journal: Int .
J Parasitol .
Citation: V : 21 ( 4 ) P : 403-7 Year: 1991 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1717390 Accession (PMID): 1717390 | | Abstract: Diamonds TYI-S-33 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Iron-Serum ) medium was used as the basis for a new antibiotic-free medium for xenic growth of Entamoeba gingivalis .
Nutritional requirements of the oral protozoan were determined in an effort to optimize growth .
TYI-S-33 medium did not support E gingivalis growth prior to modification .
The changes included : ( a ) deletion of L-cysteine . HCl and thioctic acid , ( b ) substitution of glucose for dextran I ( mol . wt 185 , 000 ) or rice starch , ( c ) reduction of concentrations of tryptone ( 2 . 5 g l-1 ) , yeast extract ( 1 . 25 g l-1 ) and dextran I ( 1 g l-1 ) , ( d ) increased concentration of ferric ammonium citrate ( 0 . 2 g l-1 ) , and ( e ) addition of gastric mucin ( 2 . 4 g l-1 ) .
Dextran I was chosen as the major carbon source ; its use in the medium limited growth of accompanying bacteria .
This new antibiotic-free medium significantly increased E gingivalis growth ( 16-20 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) as compared to growth in Diamonds TYSGM-9 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Serum-Gastric Mucin ) medium ( six to 10 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Diamonds TYI-S-33 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Iron-Serum ) medium was used as the basis for a new antibiotic-free medium for xenic growth of Entamoeba gingivalis .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The changes included : ( a ) deletion of L-cysteine . HCl and thioctic acid , ( b ) substitution of glucose for dextran I ( mol . wt 185 , 000 ) or rice starch , ( c ) reduction of concentrations of tryptone ( 2 . 5 g l-1 ) , yeast extract ( 1 . 25 g l-1 ) and dextran I ( 1 g l-1 ) , ( d ) increased concentration of ferric ammonium citrate ( 0 . 2 g l-1 ) , and ( e ) addition of gastric mucin ( 2 . 4 g l-1 ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This new antibiotic-free medium significantly increased E gingivalis growth ( 16-20 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) as compared to growth in Diamonds TYSGM-9 ( Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Serum-Gastric Mucin ) medium ( six to 10 E gingivalis trophozoites observed per field ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: The ileum and carbohydrate-mediated feedback regulation of postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion in normal humans .
| | Author: Jain NK Boivin M Zinsmeister AR DiMagno EP .
| | Journal: Pancreas Citation: V : 6 ( 5 ) P : 495-505 Year: 1991 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1719522 Accession (PMID): 1719522 | | Abstract: We investigated the effect of perfusing carbohydrate into the ileum on postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion and the relationships among carbohydrate in the ileum , pancreaticobiliary secretion , and gastric emptying .
Eighteen healthy volunteers were intubated with a multilumen oroileal tube .
A metal labeled with 111In-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid ( 400 calories ; 60% carbohydrate , 20% protein , 20% fat ) was then infused into the stomach , and a carbohydrate solution ( rice starch + glucose ) was perfused into the terminal ileum at rates ( mg/min ) of 0 ( saline ; n = 6 ) , 12 . 5 ( n = 4 ) , 25 ( n = 4 ) , 50 ( n = 2 ) , and 100 ( n = 2 ) .
To prevent digestion of the carbohydrate in the ileum , an amylase inhibitor ( 3 . 3 mg/ml ) was added to the perfusate used in half of the subjects .
Postprandially , we measured outputs of amylase , trypsin , and bile acids in the duodenum , the amount of carbohydrate in the ileum , and gastric emptying .
During the second postprandial hour the rate of gastric emptying was inversely related to the amount of carbohydrate in the ileum ( p less than 0 . 01 ) and was directly correlated with pancreaticobiliary secretion ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .
However , as the amount of unabsorbed carbohydrate in the ileum increased , the ratio of amylase to trypsin secretion increased ( p less than 0 . 005 ) .
Postprandially carbohydrate in the ileum induces changes of upper-gut function that should increase digestion and absorption of carbohydrate since gastric emptying ( and delivery of carbohydrate to the duodenum ) slows and pancreatic amylase secretion increases relative to trypsin secretion and gastric emptying .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Postprandially , we measured outputs of amylase , trypsin , and bile acids in the duodenum , the amount of carbohydrate in the ileum , and gastric emptying .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , as the amount of unabsorbed carbohydrate in the ileum increased , the ratio of amylase to trypsin secretion increased ( p less than 0 . 005 ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Postprandially carbohydrate in the ileum induces changes of upper-gut function that should increase digestion and absorption of carbohydrate since gastric emptying ( and delivery of carbohydrate to the duodenum ) slows and pancreatic amylase secretion increases relative to trypsin secretion and gastric emptying .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Auxin biosynthesis by the YUCCA genes in rice .
| | Author: Yamamoto Y Kamiya N Morinaka Y Matsuoka M Sazuka T | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 143 ( 3 ) P : 1362-71 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17220367 Accession (PMID): 17220367 | | Abstract: Although indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , the predominant auxin in plants , plays a critical role in various plant growth and developmental processes , its biosynthesis and regulation have not been clearly elucidated .
To investigate the molecular mechanisms of IAA synthesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , we identified seven YUCCA-like genes ( named OsYUCCA1-7 ) in the rice genome .
Plants overexpressing OsYUCCA1 exhibited increased IAA levels and characteristic auxin overproduction phenotypes , whereas plants expressing antisense OsYUCCA1 cDNA displayed defects that are similar to those of rice auxin-insensitive mutants .
OsYUCCA1 was expressed in almost all of the organs tested , but its expression was restricted to discrete areas , including the tips of leaves , roots , and vascular it issues , where it overlapped with expression of a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene controlled by the auxin-responsive DR5 promoter .
These observations are consistent with an important role for the rice enzyme OsYUCCA1 in IAA biosynthesis via the tryptophan-dependent pathway .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: These observations are consistent with an important role for the rice enzyme OsYUCCA1 in IAA biosynthesis via the tryptophan-dependent pathway .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: High-glycemic-index carbohydrate meals shorten sleep onset .
| | Author: Afaghi A OConnor H Chow CM .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 85 ( 2 ) P : 426-30 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17284739 Accession (PMID): 17284739 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Dietary carbohydrate intake has been shown to increase the plasma concentration of tryptophan , a precursor of serotonin and sleep-inducing agent .
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the role of carbohydrate in sleep induction , we explored the effect of glycemic index ( GI ) and meal time on sleep in healthy volunteers .
DESIGN : We compared the effect of high and low-GI carbohydrate-based meals ingested 4 h before bedtime on sleep quality .
We also evaluated the effect of the timing of high-GI meals ( 4 h compared with 1 h ) on sleep quality .
Twelve healthy men ( aged 18-35 y ) were administered standard , isocaloric ( 3212 kJ ; 8% of energy as protein , 1 . 6% of energy as fat , and 90 . 4% of energy as carbohydrate ) meals of either Mahatma ( low GI = 50 ) or Jasmine ( high GI = 109 ) rice 4 h before their usual bedtime .
On another occasion , the high-GI meal was given 1 h before bedtime .
The participants underwent a familiarization night followed by 3 test nights in random order 1 wk apart .
RESULTS : A significant ( P = 0 . 009 ) reduction in the mean ( +/-SD ) sleep onset latency ( SOL ) was observed with a high-GI ( 9 . 0 +/- 6 . 2 min ) compared with a low-GI ( 17 . 5 +/- 6 . 2 min ) meal consumed 4 h before bedtime .
The high-GI meal given 4 h before bedtime showed a significantly shortened SOL compared with the same meal given 1 h before bedtime ( 9 . 0 +/- 6 . 2 min compared with 14 . 6 +/- 9 . 9 min ; P = 0 . 01 ) .
No effects on other sleep variables were observed .
CONCLUSIONS : We showed that a carbohydrate-based high-GI meal resulted in a significant shortening of SOL in healthy sleepers compared with a low-GI meal and was most effective when consumed 4 h before bedtime .
The relevance of these findings to persons with sleep disturbance should be determined in future trials .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Dietary carbohydrate intake has been shown to increase the plasma concentration of tryptophan , a precursor of serotonin and sleep-inducing agent .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Rice albumin N-terminal ( Asp-His-His-Gln ) prevents against copper ion-catalyzed oxidations .
| | Author: Wei C Nguyen SD Kim MR Sok DE .
| | Journal: J Agric .
Food Chem .
Citation: V : 55 ( 6 ) P : 2149-54 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17305353 Accession (PMID): 17305353 | | Abstract: Chromatographic separation of soluble proteins from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) yielded a major albumin protein ( 16 kDa ) , with the DHHQVYSPGEQ sequence in the N terminus , showing antioxidant action .
The rice albumin was more potent than other rice proteins in preventing Cu2+-induced low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) oxidation .
Additionally , it also exhibited a remarkable suppression of HOCl oxidation .
In a further study , albumin inhibited Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL in a stoichiometric manner with an EC50 value of 4 . 3 microM , close to that of serum albumins .
Moreover , after digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin , it maintained its antioxidant action .
In an experiment to see the involvement of the N terminus in antioxidant action , a synthetic tetrapeptide , equivalent to the N terminus DHHQ , was found to inhibit Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation or degradation of apolipoprotein B , similar to that of rice albumin .
In mechanistic analyses , the action of rice albumin or tetrapeptide is primarily due to the removal of Cu2+ , as suggested from its inhibitory effect on Cu2+/diphenylcarbohydrazide ( DPCH ) complex formation .
However , despite its similar inhibitory effect on Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL , rice albumin was less effective than serum albumin in inhibiting Cu2+/DPCH complex formation , suggesting that the number of Cu2+-binding sites in rice albumin may be less than that in serum albumins .
Taken together , rice albumin exerts a potent preventive action against Cu2+-induced oxidations , which is due to the Cu2+ binding by DHHQ in the N-terminal sequence .
Such a role as a Cu2+ chelator would add up to the application of rice albumin protein .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , after digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin , it maintained its antioxidant action .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Reduced protease activity in transformed rice cell suspension cultures expressing a proteinase inhibitor .
| | Author: Kim TG Kim HM Lee HJ Shin YJ Kwon TH Lee NJ Jang YS Yang MS .
| | Journal: Protein Expr . Purif . Citation: V : 53 ( 2 ) P : 270-4 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17314052 Accession (PMID): 17314052 | | Abstract: In this study , we synthesized a synthetic serine proteinase inhibitor II gene ( sPI-II ) that harbored the chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitor domains of the PI-II gene from Nicotiana alata .
In an effort to reduce protease activity in a rice cell suspension culture , we first synthesized sPI-II using overlap PCR and then introduced the gene into a rice calli ( Oryza sativa L cv .
Dongin ) by particle bombardment-mediated transformation .
The sPI-II gene was under the control of a rice alpha-amylase 3D promoter induced by sugar starvation .
To verify the integration and expression of the sPI-II gene in the transformed rice cells , we employed genomic DNA PCR amplification and Northern blot analysis , respectively .
The relative protease activity of the transformed cell suspension culture was reduced to approximately 23% when compared to the non-transformed culture .
This indicates that a transformed suspension culture system expressing a proteinase inhibitor , may be a useful tool to protect against recombinant protein losses resulting from extracellular proteases .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , we synthesized a synthetic serine proteinase inhibitor II gene ( sPI-II ) that harbored the chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitor domains of the PI-II gene from Nicotiana alata .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification of an essential tyrosine residue in the catalytic site of a chitinase isolated from Zea mays that is selectively modified during inactivation with 1-ethyl-3- ( 3-dimethylaminopropyl ) -carbodiimide .
| | Author: Verburg JG Smith CE Lisek CA Huynh QK .
| | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 267 ( 6 ) P : 3886-93 Year: 1992 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub1740436 Accession (PMID): 1740436 | | Abstract: Chitinase isolated from Zea mays seeds is inactivated by 1-ethyl-3- ( 3-dimethylaminopropyl ) carbodiimide ( EDC ) in the absence of exogenous nucleophiles .
Oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine , N , N , N" , N"-tetra-N-acetylchitotetraose ( GlcNAc4 ) , and to a lesser extent , N , N , N"-tri-N-acetylchitotriose ( GlcNAc3 ) and N , N-di-N-acetylchitobiose ( GlcNAc2 ) provide partial protection against inactivation by the reagent .
An examination of the concentration dependence of the protection afforded by GlcNAc4 revealed direct competition between the substrate analog and the reagent for the same binding sites on the enzyme .
Isolation and Edman degradation of a "new" tryptic fragment , observed after inactivation of chitinase with EDC , revealed the sequence G-P-L-Q-I-S-W-N-*-N-Y-G-P-A-G-R , where the asterisk represents a cycle in which no amino acid was detected , presumably as a consequence of derivatization with EDC .
In basic chitinases from dicotyledonous plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana , Phaseolis vulgaris ( bean ) , Nicotiana tabacum ( tobacco ) , and Solanum tuberosum ( potato ) , as well as in the chitinase isolated from the monocotyledonous plant Hordeum vulgare ( barley ) , this position is invariably occupied by a tyrosine .
However , in the Oryza sativa ( rice ) basic chitinase , this position is occupied by a phenylalanine .
The following additional evidence supports identification of this residue as tyrosine in Z mays chitinase .
( a ) Inactivation of chitinase with EDC is reversible by treatment with hydroxylamine .
( b ) Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis of the isolated derivatized peptide revealed the presence of a molecular ion with a mass to charge ratio consistent with the peptide containing a derivatized tyrosine residue .
These results provide evidence for an essential tyrosine residue at or near the catalytic site of chitinase that is selectively modified during inactivation with EDC . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Isolation and Edman degradation of a "new" tryptic fragment , observed after inactivation of chitinase with EDC , revealed the sequence G-P-L-Q-I-S-W-N-*-N-Y-G-P-A-G-R , where the asterisk represents a cycle in which no amino acid was detected , presumably as a consequence of derivatization with EDC .
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Score: 11.00 |
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| Title: Infrared photodissociation of a water molecule from a flexible molecule-H ( 2 ) O complex : Rates and conformational product yields following XH stretch excitation .
| | Author: Clarkson JR Herbert JM Zwier TS .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 126 ( 13 ) P : 134306 Year: 2007 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17430031 Accession (PMID): 17430031 | | Abstract: Infrared-ultraviolet hole-burning and hole-filling spectroscopies have been used to study IR-induced dissociation of the tryptamineH ( 2 ) O and tryptamineD ( 2 ) O complexes .
Upon complexation of a single water molecule , the seven conformational isomers of tryptamine collapse to a single structure that retains the same ethylamine side chain conformation present in the most highly populated conformer of tryptamine monomer .
Infrared excitation of the tryptamineH ( 2 ) O complex was carried out using a series of infrared absorptions spanning the range of 2470-3715 cm ( -1 ) .
The authors have determined the conformational product yield over this range and the dissociation rate near threshold , where it is slow enough to be measured by our methods .
The observed threshold for dissociation occurred at 2872 cm ( -1 ) in tryptamineH ( 2 ) O and at 2869 cm ( -1 ) in tryptamineD ( 2 ) O , with no dissociation occurring on the time scale of the experiment ( approximately 2 mus ) at 2745 cm ( -1 ) .
The dissociation time constants varied from approximately 200 ns for the 2869 cm ( -1 ) band of tryptamineD ( 2 ) O to approximately 25 ns for the 2872 cm ( -1 ) band of tryptamineH ( 2 ) O This large isotope dependence is associated with a zero-point energy effect that increases the binding energy of the deuterated complex by approximately 190 cm ( -1 ) , thereby reducing the excess energy available at the same excitation energy .
At all higher energies , the dissociation lifetime was shorter than the pulse duration of our lasers ( 8 ns ) .
At all wavelengths , the observed products in the presence of collisions are dominated by conformers A and B of tryptamine monomer , with small contributions from the other minor conformers .
In addition , right at threshold ( 2869 cm ( -1 ) ) , tryptamineD ( 2 ) O dissociates exclusively to conformer A in the absence of collisions with helium , while both A and B conformational products are observed in the presence of collisions with helium .
Using resolution-of-identity approximation to second-order Moller-Plesset binding energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit and harmonic vibrational frequencies and transition states calculated at the density functional limit B3LYP6-31+G ( * ) level of theory , Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus ( RRKM ) predictions for the dissociation , isomerization , and water shuttling rates as a function of energy are made .
At threshold , the experimental dissociation rate is almost 10 ( 3 ) faster than RRKM predictions .
Reasons for this apparent non-RRKM behavior will be discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Infrared-ultraviolet hole-burning and hole-filling spectroscopies have been used to study IR-induced dissociation of the tryptamineH ( 2 ) O and tryptamineD ( 2 ) O complexes .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Upon complexation of a single water molecule , the seven conformational isomers of tryptamine collapse to a single structure that retains the same ethylamine side chain conformation present in the most highly populated conformer of tryptamine monomer .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: The observed threshold for dissociation occurred at 2872 cm ( -1 ) in tryptamineH ( 2 ) O and at 2869 cm ( -1 ) in tryptamineD ( 2 ) O , with no dissociation occurring on the time scale of the experiment ( approximately 2 mus ) at 2745 cm ( -1 ) .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The dissociation time constants varied from approximately 200 ns for the 2869 cm ( -1 ) band of tryptamineD ( 2 ) O to approximately 25 ns for the 2872 cm ( -1 ) band of tryptamineH ( 2 ) O This large isotope dependence is associated with a zero-point energy effect that increases the binding energy of the deuterated complex by approximately 190 cm ( -1 ) , thereby reducing the excess energy available at the same excitation energy .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Infrared excitation of the tryptamineH ( 2 ) O complex was carried out using a series of infrared absorptions spanning the range of 2470-3715 cm ( -1 ) .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: At all wavelengths , the observed products in the presence of collisions are dominated by conformers A and B of tryptamine monomer , with small contributions from the other minor conformers .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , right at threshold ( 2869 cm ( -1 ) ) , tryptamineD ( 2 ) O dissociates exclusively to conformer A in the absence of collisions with helium , while both A and B conformational products are observed in the presence of collisions with helium .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Stable oil bodies sheltered by a unique oleosin in lily pollen .
| | Author: Jiang PL Wang CS Hsu CM Jauh GY Tzen JT | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 48 P : 812-21 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17468126 Accession (PMID): 17468126 | | Abstract: Stable oil bodies were purified from mature lily ( Lilium longiflorum Thunb . ) pollen .
The integrity of pollen oil bodies was maintained via electronegative repulsion and steric hindrance possibly provided by their surface proteins .
Immunodetection revealed that a major protein of 18 kDa was exclusively present in pollen oil bodies and massively accumulated in late stages of pollen maturation .
According to mass spectrometric analyses , this oil body protein possessed a tryptic fragment of 13 residues matching that of a theoretical rice oleosin .
A complete cDNA fragment encoding this putative oleosin was obtained by PCR cloning with primers derived from its known 13-residue sequence .
Sequence analysis as well as immunological non-cross-reactivity suggests that this pollen oleosin represents a distinct class in comparison with oleosins found in seed oil bodies and tapetum .
In pollen cells observed by electron microscopy , oil bodies were presumably surrounded by tubular membrane structures , and encapsulated in the vacuoles after germination .
It seems that pollen oil bodies are mobilized via a different route from that of glyoxysomal mobilization of seed oil bodies after germination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: According to mass spectrometric analyses , this oil body protein possessed a tryptic fragment of 13 residues matching that of a theoretical rice oleosin .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Chitinases in Oryza sativa ssp . japonica and Arabidopsis thaliana .
| | Author: Xu F Fan C He Y | | Journal: J Genet Genomics Citation: V : 34 P : 138-50 Year: 2007 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17469786 Accession (PMID): 17469786 | | Abstract: Chitinases ( EC3 . 2 . 1 . 14 ) , found in a wide range of organisms , catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin and play a major role in defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens .
The alignment and typical domains were analyzed using basic local alignment search tool ( BLAST ) and simple modular architecture research tool ( SMART ) , respectively .
On the basis of the annotations of rice ( Oryza sativa L ) and Arabidopsis genomic sequences and using the bio-software SignalP3 . 0 , TMHMM2 . 0 , TargetP1 . 1 , and big-Pi Predictor , 25 out of 37 and 16 out of 24 open reading frames ( ORFs ) with chitinase activity from rice and Arabidopsis , respectively , were predicted to have signal peptides ( SPs ) , which have an average of 24 . 8 amino acids at the N-terminal region .
Some of the chitinases were secreted extracellularly , whereas some were located in the vacuole .
The phylogenic relationship was analyzed with 61 ORFs and 25 known chitinases and they were classified into 6 clusters using Clustal X and MEGA3 . 1 .
This classification is not completely consistent when compared with the traditional system that classifies the chitinases into 7 classes .
The frequency of distribution of amino acid residues was distinct in different clusters .
The contents of alanine , glycine , serine , and leucine were very high in each cluster , whereas the contents of methionine , histidine , tryptophan , and cysteine were lower than 20% .
Each cluster had distinct amino acid characteristics .
Alanine , valine , leucine , cysteine , serine , and lysine were rich in Clusters I to VI , respectively .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The contents of alanine , glycine , serine , and leucine were very high in each cluster , whereas the contents of methionine , histidine , tryptophan , and cysteine were lower than 20% .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Metabolic flux analysis in plants using dynamic labeling technique : application to tryptophan biosynthesis in cultured rice cells .
| | Author: Matsuda F Wakasa K Miyagawa H | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 68 P : 2290-301 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17512026 Accession (PMID): 17512026 | | Abstract: The concept and methodology of using dynamic labeling for the MFA of plant metabolic pathways are described , based on a case study to develop a method for the MFA of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in cultured rice cells .
Dynamic labeling traces the change in the labeling level of a metabolite in a metabolic pathway after the application of a stable isotope-labeled compound .
In this study , [ 1- ( 13 ) C ] l-serine was fed as a labeling precursor and the labeling level of Trp was determined by using the LC-MS/MS .
The value of metabolic flux is determined by fitting a model describing the labeling dynamics of the pathway to the observed labeling data .
The biosynthetic flux of Trp in rice suspension cultured cell was determined to be 6 . 0+/-1 . 1 nmol ( gFWh ) ( -1 ) .
It is also demonstrated that an approximately sixfold increase in the biosynthetic flux of Trp in transgenic rice cells expressing the feedback-insensitive version of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene ( OASA1D ) resulted in a 45-fold increase in the level of Trp .
In this article , the basic workflow for the experiment is introduced and the details of the actual experimental procedures are explained .
Future perspectives are also discussed by referring recent advances in the dynamic labeling approach .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The concept and methodology of using dynamic labeling for the MFA of plant metabolic pathways are described , based on a case study to develop a method for the MFA of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in cultured rice cells .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Cloning , sequencing and fuctional study of gacA gene from Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ] | | Author: Yang WF Chen L Liu HX Hu BS Liu FQ | | Journal: Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao Citation: V : 47 P : 208-12 Year: 2007 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17552221 Accession (PMID): 17552221 | | Abstract: A gacA homologue , designated gacA ( Xooc ) , was cloned from Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ( Xooc ) , a bacterium that causes leaf streak of rice , with degenerated primers by polymerase amplification reaction ( PCR ) .
NCBI blast search indicated that GacA ( Xooc ) had a similar structure to that of other GacA proteins , and had a CheB ( Chemotaxis response regulator containing a CheY-like receiver domain ) domain .
Sequence comparison showed that the gacA ( Xooc ) was conserved in the Xanthomonas genus .
Homology search revealed that the gacA ( Xooc ) was 99 . 7% similarities to gacA ( AY870457 , this lab ) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ( Xoo ) .
A gacA ( Xooc ) , disruption mutant was successfully generated by a single cross-over event , and confirmed by PCR and Southern blot .
But the mutant still had strong pathogenicity , and its virulence was not obviously different from that of wild type strain .
The gacA did not globally regulate metabolism in Xooc , which was different from DC3000 of P syringae pv . tomato , CHAO of P fluorescens and IC1270 of Serratia plymuthica .
Chemotaxis to 0 . 1% tryptone of the mutants was reduced compared to wild type strain .
The results suggest that gacA ( X00c ) is involved chemotaxis of Xooc .
Nevertheless , how gacA to regulate chemotaxis of Xooc , transcription and expression of genes involved in regulation still need to be further studied .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Chemotaxis to 0 . 1% tryptone of the mutants was reduced compared to wild type strain .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Identification of target genes conferring ethanol stress tolerance to Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on DNA microarray data analysis .
| | Author: Hirasawa T Yoshikawa K Nakakura Y Nagahisa K Furusawa C Katakura Y Shimizu H Shioya S | | Journal: J Biotechnol Citation: V : 131 P : 34-44 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17604866 Accession (PMID): 17604866 | | Abstract: During industrial production process using yeast , cells are exposed to the stress due to the accumulation of ethanol , which affects the cell growth activity and productivity of target products , thus , the ethanol stress-tolerant yeast strains are highly desired .
To identify the target gene ( s ) for constructing ethanol stress tolerant yeast strains , we obtained the gene expression profiles of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , namely , a laboratory strain and a strain used for brewing Japanese rice wine ( sake ) , in the presence of 5% ( v/v ) ethanol , using DNA microarray .
For the selection of target genes for breeding ethanol stress tolerant strains , clustering of DNA microarray data was performed .
For further selection , the ethanol sensitivity of the knockout mutants in each of which the gene selected by DNA microarray analysis is deleted , was also investigated .
The integration of the DNA microarray data and the ethanol sensitivity data of knockout strains suggests that the enhancement of expression of genes related to tryptophan biosynthesis might confer the ethanol stress tolerance to yeast cells .
Indeed , the strains overexpressing tryptophan biosynthesis genes showed a stress tolerance to 5% ethanol .
Moreover , the addition of tryptophan to the culture medium and overexpression of tryptophan permease gene conferred ethanol stress tolerance to yeast cells .
These results indicate that overexpression of the genes for trypophan biosynthesis increases the ethanol stress tolerance .
Tryptophan supplementation to culture and overexpression of the tryptophan permease gene are also effective for the increase in ethanol stress tolerance .
Our methodology for the selection of target genes for constructing ethanol stress tolerant strains , based on the data of DNA microarray analysis and phenotypes of knockout mutants , was validated .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Moreover , the addition of tryptophan to the culture medium and overexpression of tryptophan permease gene conferred ethanol stress tolerance to yeast cells .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Tryptophan supplementation to culture and overexpression of the tryptophan permease gene are also effective for the increase in ethanol stress tolerance .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The integration of the DNA microarray data and the ethanol sensitivity data of knockout strains suggests that the enhancement of expression of genes related to tryptophan biosynthesis might confer the ethanol stress tolerance to yeast cells .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Indeed , the strains overexpressing tryptophan biosynthesis genes showed a stress tolerance to 5% ethanol .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results indicate that overexpression of the genes for trypophan biosynthesis increases the ethanol stress tolerance .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Constitutively wilted 1 , a member of the rice YUCCA gene family , is required for maintaining water homeostasis and an appropriate root to shoot ratio .
| | Author: Woo YM Park HJ Suudi M Yang JI Park JJ Back K Park YM An G | | Journal: Plant Mol Biol Citation: V : 65 P : 125-36 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17619151 Accession (PMID): 17619151 | | Abstract: Increasing its root to shoot ratio is a plant strategy for restoring water homeostasis in response to the long-term imposition of mild water stress .
In addition to its important role in diverse fundamental processes , indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) is involved in root growth and development .
Recent extensive characterizations of the YUCCA gene family in Arabidopsis and rice have elucidated that members function in a tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthetic pathway .
Through forward and reverse-genetics screening , we have isolated Tos17 and T-DNA insertional rice mutants in a CONSTITUTIVELY WILTED1 ( COW1 ) gene , which encodes a new member of the YUCCA protein family .
Homozygous plants with either a Tos17 or T-DNA-inserted allele of OsCOW1 exhibit phenotypes of rolled leaves , reduced leaf widths , and lower root to shoot ratios .
These phenotypes are evident in seedlings as early as 7-10 d after germination , and remain until maturity .
When oscow1 seedlings are grown under low-intensity light and high relative humidity , the rolled-leaf phenotype is greatly alleviated .
For comparison , in such conditions , the transpiration rate for WT leaves decreases approx .
5 to 10-fold , implying that this mutant trait results from wilting rather than being a morphogenic defect .
Furthermore , a lower turgor potential and transpiration rate in their mature leaves indicates that oscow1 plants are water-deficient , due to insufficient water uptake that possibly stems from that diminished root to shoot ratio .
Thus , our observations suggest that OsCOW1-mediated IAA biosynthesis plays an important role in maintaining root to shoot ratios and , in turn , affects water homeostasis in rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent extensive characterizations of the YUCCA gene family in Arabidopsis and rice have elucidated that members function in a tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthetic pathway .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Degradation of free tryptophan in a cookie model system and its application in commercial samples .
| | Author: Morales FJ Acar OC Serpen A Arribas-Lorenzo G Gokmen V | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : 55 P : Jul-93 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17630767 Accession (PMID): 17630767 | | Abstract: The stability of free tryptophan ( Trp ) was examined in five cookie-resembling models at varying baking temperatures and durations .
Trp was measured by HPLC coupled with a fluorescent detector .
Trp degradation was significantly greater in cookies formulated with glucose compared with sucrose , regardless of the temperatures and durations of baking .
A lag period was clearly observed in cookies formulated with sucrose .
The type of sugar used in the dough formulation affected not only the thermal destruction kinetics but also the degree of degradation of free Trp .
However , the type of leavening agent ( ammonium bicarbonate versus sodium bicarbonate ) did not affect the rate of Trp destruction as happens in Maillard-driven reactions .
In addition , the free Trp content was analyzed in nine different flours and sixty-two commercial cookies , and it was found that free Trp varied from 0 . 4 to 1287 . 9 mg/kg for rice and wheat bran , respectively .
It was found that free Trp was significantly higher in dietetic commercial samples formulated with wheat bran compared with other flours .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stability of free tryptophan ( Trp ) was examined in five cookie-resembling models at varying baking temperatures and durations .
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Score: 6.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase and serotonin synthesis in rice plants .
| | Author: Kang S Kang K Lee K Back K | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 26 P : 2009-15 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17639402 Accession (PMID): 17639402 | | Abstract: Serotonin is a well-known pineal hormone that in mammals plays a key role in mood .
In plants , serotonin is implicated in several physiological roles such as flowering , morphogenesis , and adaptation to environmental changes .
However , its biosynthetic enzyme in plants has not been characterized .
Therefore , we measured the serotonin content and enzyme activity responsible for serotonin biosynthesis in rice seedlings .
Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase ( T5H ) , which converts tryptamine into serotonin , was found as a soluble enzyme that had maximal activity in the roots .
The maximal activity of T5H was closely associated with the enriched synthesis of serotonin in roots .
Tetrahydropterine-dependent T5H activity was inhibited by tyramine , tryptophan , 5-OH-tryptophan , and octopamine , but remained unaltered by dopamine in vitro .
The it issues of rice seedlings grown in the presence of tryptamine exhibited a dose-dependent increase in serotonin in parallel with enhanced T5H enzyme activity .
However , no significant increase in serotonin was observed in rice it issues grown in the presence of tryptophan , suggesting that tryptamine is a bottleneck intermediate substrate for serotonin synthesis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase ( T5H ) , which converts tryptamine into serotonin , was found as a soluble enzyme that had maximal activity in the roots .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: However , no significant increase in serotonin was observed in rice it issues grown in the presence of tryptophan , suggesting that tryptamine is a bottleneck intermediate substrate for serotonin synthesis .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tetrahydropterine-dependent T5H activity was inhibited by tyramine , tryptophan , 5-OH-tryptophan , and octopamine , but remained unaltered by dopamine in vitro .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The it issues of rice seedlings grown in the presence of tryptamine exhibited a dose-dependent increase in serotonin in parallel with enhanced T5H enzyme activity .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of rice tryptophan decarboxylases and their direct involvement in serotonin biosynthesis in transgenic rice .
| | Author: Kang S Kang K Lee K Back K | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 227 P : 263-72 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17763868 Accession (PMID): 17763868 | | Abstract: L-Tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and L-tyrosine decarboxylase ( TYDC ) belong to a family of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases and catalyze the conversion of tryptophan and tyrosine into tryptamine and tyramine , respectively .
The rice genome has been shown to contain seven TDC or TYDC-like genes .
Three of these genes for which cDNA clones were available were characterized to assign their functions using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and rice ( Oryza sativa cv .
Dongjin ) .
The purified products of two of the genes were expressed in E coli and exhibited TDC activity , whereas the remaining gene could not be expressed in E coli .
The recombinant TDC protein with the greatest TDC activity showed a K ( m ) of 0 . 69 mM for tryptophan , and its activity was not inhibited by phenylalanine or tyrosine , indicating a high level of substrate specificity toward tryptophan .
The ectopic expression of the three cDNA clones in rice led to the abundant production of the products of the encoded enzymes , tyramine and tryptamine .
The overproduction of TYDC resulted in stunted growth and a lack of seed production due to tyramine accumulation , which increased as the plant aged .
In contrast , transgenic plants that produced TDC showed a normal phenotype and contained 25-fold and 11-fold higher serotonin in the leaves and seeds , respectively , than the wild-type plants .
The overproduction of either tyramine or serotonin was not strongly related to the enhanced synthesis of tyramine or serotonin derivatives , such as feruloyltyramine and feruloylserotonin , which are secondary metabolites that act as phytoalexins in plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: L-Tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and L-tyrosine decarboxylase ( TYDC ) belong to a family of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases and catalyze the conversion of tryptophan and tyrosine into tryptamine and tyramine , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The recombinant TDC protein with the greatest TDC activity showed a K ( m ) of 0 . 69 mM for tryptophan , and its activity was not inhibited by phenylalanine or tyrosine , indicating a high level of substrate specificity toward tryptophan .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ectopic expression of the three cDNA clones in rice led to the abundant production of the products of the encoded enzymes , tyramine and tryptamine .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of high-tryptophan rice expressing a mutant anthranilate synthase alpha subunit .
| | Author: Dubouzet JG Ishihara A Matsuda F Miyagawa H Iwata H Wakasa K | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 58 P : 3309-21 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17804429 Accession (PMID): 17804429 | | Abstract: Transgenic rice plants overexpressing a mutant rice gene for anthranilate synthase alpha subunit ( OASA1D ) accumulate large amounts of free tryptophan ( Trp ) with few adverse effects on the phenotype , except for poor germination and weak seedling growth .
Metabolic profiling of 8-d-old seedlings of Nipponbare and two high-Trp lines , HW1 and HW5 , by high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array ( HPLC-PDA ) confirmed that , relative to Nipponbare , only the peak attributed to Trp was significantly changed in the profiles of the OASA1D lines .
More detailed and targeted analysis using HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the OASA1D lines had higher levels of anthranilate , tryptamine , and serotonin than Nipponbare , but these metabolites were at much lower levels than free Trp .
The levels of phenylalanine ( Phe ) and tyrosine ( Tyr ) were not affected by the overproduction of Trp .
Transcriptomic analysis by microarray validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) revealed that at least 12 out of 21 500 genes showed significant differential expression among genotypes .
Except for the OASA1D transgene and a putative IAA beta-glucosyltransferase , these were not related to Trp metabolism .
Most importantly , the overexpression of the OASA1D and the consequent accumulation of Trp in these lines had little effect on the overall transcriptome , consistent with the minimal effects on growth and the metabolome .
Integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of these OASA1D transgenic lines indicates that the over-accumulation of free Trp may be partly due to the low activity of Trp decarboxylase or other metabolic genes that directly utilize Trp as a substrate .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transgenic rice plants overexpressing a mutant rice gene for anthranilate synthase alpha subunit ( OASA1D ) accumulate large amounts of free tryptophan ( Trp ) with few adverse effects on the phenotype , except for poor germination and weak seedling growth .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: More detailed and targeted analysis using HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the OASA1D lines had higher levels of anthranilate , tryptamine , and serotonin than Nipponbare , but these metabolites were at much lower levels than free Trp .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Use of specific peptide biomarkers for quantitative confirmation of hidden allergenic peanut proteins Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4 for food control by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry .
| | Author: Careri M Costa A Elviri L Lagos JB Mangia A Terenghi M Cereti A Garoffo LP | | Journal: Anal Bioanal Chem Citation: V : 389 P : Jul-01 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17899033 Accession (PMID): 17899033 | | Abstract: A liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-ESI-MS-MS ) method based on the detection of biomarker peptides from allergenic proteins was devised for confirming and quantifying peanut allergens in foods .
Peptides obtained from tryptic digestion of Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4 proteins were identified and characterized by LC-MS and LC-MS-MS with a quadrupole-time of flight mass analyzer .
Four peptides were chosen and investigated as biomarkers taking into account their selectivity , the absence of missed cleavages , the uniform distribution in the Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4 protein isoforms together with their spectral features under ESI-MS-MS conditions , and good repeatability of LC retention time .
Because of the different expression levels , the selection of two different allergenic proteins was proved to be useful in the identification and univocal confirmation of the presence of peanuts in foodstuffs .
Using rice crisp and chocolate-based snacks as model food matrix , an LC-MS-MS method with triple quadrupole mass analyzer allowed good detection limits to be obtained for Ara h 2 ( 5 microg protein g ( -1 ) matrix ) and Ara h 3/4 ( 1 microg protein g ( -1 ) matrix ) .
Linearity of the method was established in the 10-200 microg g ( -1 ) range of peanut proteins in the food matrix investigated .
Method selectivity was demonstrated by analyzing tree nuts ( almonds , pecan nuts , hazelnuts , walnuts ) and food ingredients such as milk , soy beans , chocolate , cornflakes , and rice crisp .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Peptides obtained from tryptic digestion of Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4 proteins were identified and characterized by LC-MS and LC-MS-MS with a quadrupole-time of flight mass analyzer .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Hallucinogen-like effects of N , N-dipropyltryptamine ( DPT ) : possible mediation by serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in rodents .
| | Author: Fantegrossi WE Reissig CJ Katz EB Yarosh HL Rice KC Winter JC | | Journal: Pharmacol Biochem Behav Citation: V : 88 P : 358-65 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17905422 Accession (PMID): 17905422 | | Abstract: N , N-dipropyltryptamine ( DPT ) is a synthetic tryptamine hallucinogen which has been used psychotherapeutically in humans , but has been studied preclinically only rarely .
In the present studies , DPT was tested in a drug-elicited head-twitch assay in mice , and in rats trained to discriminate lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) , N , N-dimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine ( psilocybin ) , or 3 , 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA ) .
A separate group of rats was also trained to recognize DPT itself as a discriminative stimulus , and in all cases , the behavioral effects of DPT were challenged with the selective serotonin ( 5-HT ) 2A antagonist M100907 , the 5-HT1A selective antagonist WAY-100635 , or their combination .
In the head-twitch assay , DPT elicited dose-dependent effects , producing a biphasic dose-effect curve .
WAY-100635 produced a parallel rightward shift in the dose-effect curve for head twitches , indicative of surmountable antagonism , but the antagonist effects of M100907 were functionally insurmountable .
DPT produced partial to full substitution when tested in rats trained to discriminate LSD , psilocybin or MDMA , and served as a discriminative stimulus .
In all cases , the antagonist effects of M100907 were more profound than were those of WAY-100635 .
DPT is thus active in two rodent models relevant to 5-HT2 agonist activity .
The effectiveness with which M100907 antagonizes the behavioral actions of this compound strongly suggest that the 5-HT2A receptor is an important site of action for DPT , but the modulatory actions of WAY-100635 also imply a 5-HT1A-mediated component to the actions of this compound .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: N , N-dipropyltryptamine ( DPT ) is a synthetic tryptamine hallucinogen which has been used psychotherapeutically in humans , but has been studied preclinically only rarely .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Mechanism of inhibition of rice bran lipase by polyphenols : a case study with chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid .
| | Author: Raghavendra MP Kumar PR Prakash V | | Journal: J Food Sci Citation: V : 72 P : E412-9 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17995599 Accession (PMID): 17995599 | | Abstract: Rice bran is a byproduct obtained from the rice milling industry , and to arrest lipolysis caused by lipolytic enzyme , rice bran lipase ( RBL ) was inactivated by inhibitors such as polyphenols .
This study describes the inhibition and interaction of enzyme with chlorogenic acid ( CGA ) and caffeic acid ( CA ) .
The inhibition of the enzyme was competitive in nature in both CGA and CA .
The inhibition constant K ( i ) of the reaction was found to be 1 . 8 and 1 . 5 muM for CGA and CA , respectively .
Fluorescence emission measurements indicated a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity and a red shift in the emission maximum as these ligands concentrations are increased , indicating the minor changes in the tryptophan environment and the effect of binding that is stronger in the case of CA compared to CGA with RBL .
Far UV-circular dichroic data suggest that there are no significant changes in the conformation of the enzyme as a result of binding of CGA or CA .
The instability of the enzyme in the presence of these polyphenols has been indicated by decrease in apparent thermal transition temperatures of the enzyme from a control value of 60 degrees C as revealed by thermal denaturation measurements .
These results demonstrate that both CGA and CA are inhibitors of RBL and bind to the enzyme through both hydrogen and hydrophobic interaction in bringing about inhibition with minor structural alterations .
These inactivation phenomena of polyphenols that act as inhibitors on RBL can be utilized to prevent oxidation of the rice bran oil .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fluorescence emission measurements indicated a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity and a red shift in the emission maximum as these ligands concentrations are increased , indicating the minor changes in the tryptophan environment and the effect of binding that is stronger in the case of CA compared to CGA with RBL .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Comparison of nutritional quality between Chinese indica rice with sck and cry1Ac genes and its nontransgenic counterpart .
| | Author: Li X Huang K He X Zhu B Liang Z Li H Luo Y | | Journal: J Food Sci Citation: V : 72 P : S420-4 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub17995700 Accession (PMID): 17995700 | | Abstract: Nutritional assessment of transgenic crops used for human food and animal feed is an important aspect of safety evaluations .
An insect-resistant rice ( IRR ) was generated by the stable insertion of sck , a modified cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene , and cry1Ac , encoding a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of a common variety of Chinese indica rice .
The composition of the brown and milled rice grain from the resulted IRR line designated Liangyou Kefeng No 6 was compared with that of the parental rice cultivar Liangyou 2186 .
Nutrients , including the proximates , amino acids , fatty acids , minerals , and vitamins , were measured .
The antinutritive components such as phytic acid , lectin , and trypsin inhibitors were also examined .
The data demonstrated that the nutritional quality of both the brown and milled rice grains from the transgenic line was substantially equivalent to that of the nontransgenic counterpart , and measured amounts of nutritional components fell within the range of values reported for other commercial lines .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: An insect-resistant rice ( IRR ) was generated by the stable insertion of sck , a modified cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene , and cry1Ac , encoding a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of a common variety of Chinese indica rice .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The antinutritive components such as phytic acid , lectin , and trypsin inhibitors were also examined .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Theme and variations in the evolutionary pathways to virulence of an RNA plant virus species .
| | Author: Pinel-Galzi A Rakotomalala M Sangu E Sorho F Kanyeka Z Traore O Sereme D Poulicard N Rabenantoandro Y Sere Y Konate G Ghesquiere A Hebrard E Fargette D | | Journal: PLoS Pathog Citation: V : 3 P : e180 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18039030 Accession (PMID): 18039030 | | Abstract: The diversity of a highly variable RNA plant virus was considered to determine the range of virulence substitutions , the evolutionary pathways to virulence , and whether intraspecific diversity modulates virulence pathways and propensity .
In all , 114 isolates representative of the genetic and geographic diversity of Rice yellow mottle virus ( RYMV ) in Africa were inoculated to several cultivars with eIF ( iso ) 4G-mediated Rymv1-2 resistance .
Altogether , 41 virulent variants generated from ten wild isolates were analyzed .
Nonconservative amino acid replacements at five positions located within a stretch of 15 codons in the central region of the 79-aa-long protein VPg were associated with virulence .
Virulence substitutions were fixed predominantly at codon 48 in most strains , whatever the host genetic background or the experimental conditions .
There were one major and two isolate-specific mutational pathways conferring virulence at codon 48 .
In the prevalent mutational pathway I , arginine ( AGA ) was successively displaced by glycine ( GGA ) and glutamic acid ( GAA ) .
Substitutions in the other virulence codons were displaced when E48 was fixed .
In the isolate-specific mutational pathway II , isoleucine ( ATA ) emerged and often later coexisted with valine ( GTA ) .
In mutational pathway III , arginine , with the specific S2/S3 strain codon usage AGG , was displaced by tryptophane ( TGG ) .
Mutational pathway I never arose in the widely spread West African S2/S3 strain because G48 was not infectious in the S2/S3 genetic context .
Strain S2/S3 least frequently overcame resistance , whereas two geographically localized variants of the strain S4 had a high propensity to virulence .
Codons 49 and 26 of the VPg , under diversifying selection , are candidate positions in modulating the genetic barriers to virulence .
The theme and variations in the evolutionary pathways to virulence of RYMV illustrates the extent of parallel evolution within a highly variable RNA plant virus species .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In mutational pathway III , arginine , with the specific S2/S3 strain codon usage AGG , was displaced by tryptophane ( TGG ) .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Analysis of the Oryza sativa plasma membrane proteome using combined protein and peptide fractionation approaches in conjunction with mass spectrometry .
| | Author: Natera SH Ford KL Cassin AM Patterson JH Newbigin EJ Bacic A | | Journal: J Proteome Res Citation: V : 7 P : 1159-87 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18260611 Accession (PMID): 18260611 | | Abstract: To identify integral and peripheral plasma membrane ( PM ) proteins from Oryza sativa ( rice ) , highly enriched PM fractions from rice suspension cultured cells were analyzed using two complementary approaches .
The PM was enriched using aqueous two-phase partitioning and high pH carbonate washing to remove soluble , contaminating proteins and characterized using enzymatic and immunological analyses .
Proteins from the carbonate-washed PM ( WPM ) were analyzed by either one-dimensional gel electrophoresis ( 1D-SDS-PAGE ) followed by tryptic proteolysis or proteolysis followed by strong cation exchange liquid chromatography ( LC ) with subsequent analysis of the tryptic peptides by LC-MS/MS ( termed Gel-LC-MS/MS and 2D-LC-MS/MS , respectively ) .
Combining the results of these two approaches , 438 proteins were identified on the basis of two or more matching peptides , and a further 367 proteins were identified on the basis of single peptide matches after data analysis with two independent search algorithms .
Of these 805 proteins , 350 were predicted to be PM or PM-associated proteins .
Four hundred and twenty-five proteins ( 53% ) were predicted to be integrally associated with a membrane , via either one or many ( up to 16 ) transmembrane domains , a GPI-anchor , or membrane-spanning beta-barrels .
Approximately 80% of the 805 identified proteins were assigned a predicted function , based on similarity to proteins of known function or the presence of functional domains .
Proteins involved in PM-related activities such as signaling ( 21% of the 805 proteins ) , transporters and ATPases ( 14% ) , and cellular trafficking ( 8% ) , such as via vesicles involved in endo and exocytosis , were identified .
Proteins that are involved in cell wall biosynthesis were also identified ( 5% ) and included three cellulose synthase ( CESA ) proteins , a cellulose synthase-like D ( CSLD ) protein , cellulases , and several callose synthases .
Approximately 20% of the proteins identified in this study remained functionally unclassified despite being predicted to be membrane proteins .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Proteins from the carbonate-washed PM ( WPM ) were analyzed by either one-dimensional gel electrophoresis ( 1D-SDS-PAGE ) followed by tryptic proteolysis or proteolysis followed by strong cation exchange liquid chromatography ( LC ) with subsequent analysis of the tryptic peptides by LC-MS/MS ( termed Gel-LC-MS/MS and 2D-LC-MS/MS , respectively ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: The tryptophan pathway is involved in the defense responses of rice against pathogenic infection via serotonin production .
| | Author: Ishihara A Hashimoto Y Tanaka C Dubouzet JG Nakao T Matsuda F Nishioka T Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 54 P : 481-95 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18266919 Accession (PMID): 18266919 | | Abstract: The upregulation of the tryptophan ( Trp ) pathway in rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae was indicated by : ( i ) enhanced enzyme activity of anthranilate synthase ( AS ) , which regulates metabolic flux in the Trp pathway ; ( ii ) elevated levels of the AS ( OASA2 , OASB1 , and OASB2 ) transcripts ; and ( iii ) increases in the contents of anthranilate , indole , and Trp .
The measurement of the contents of Trp-derived metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that serotonin and its hydroxycinnamic acid amides were accumulated in infected leaves .
Serotonin accumulation was preceded by a transient increase in the tryptamine content and by marked activation of Trp decarboxylase , indicating that enhanced Trp production is linked to the formation of serotonin from Trp via tryptamine .
Feeding of radiolabeled serotonin to inoculated leaves demonstrated that serotonin is incorporated into the cell walls of lesion it issue .
The leaves of a propagating-type lesion mimic mutant ( sl , Sekiguchi lesion ) lacked both serotonin production and deposition of unextractable brown material at the infection sites , and showed increased susceptibility to B oryzae infection .
Treating the mutant with serotonin restored deposition of brown material at the lesion site .
In addition , the serotonin treatment suppressed the growth of fungal hyphae in the leaf it issues of the sl mutant .
These findings indicated that the activation of the Trp pathway is involved in the establishment of effective physical defenses by producing serotonin in rice leaves .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: Serotonin accumulation was preceded by a transient increase in the tryptamine content and by marked activation of Trp decarboxylase , indicating that enhanced Trp production is linked to the formation of serotonin from Trp via tryptamine .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The upregulation of the tryptophan ( Trp ) pathway in rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae was indicated by : ( i ) enhanced enzyme activity of anthranilate synthase ( AS ) , which regulates metabolic flux in the Trp pathway ; ( ii ) elevated levels of the AS ( OASA2 , OASB1 , and OASB2 ) transcripts ; and ( iii ) increases in the contents of anthranilate , indole , and Trp .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A Kunitz trypsin inhibitor of Entada scandens seeds : another member with single disulfide bridge .
| | Author: Lingaraju MH Gowda LR | | Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta Citation: V : 1784 P : 850-5 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18359299 Accession (PMID): 18359299 | | Abstract: Sword bean ( Entada scandens ) is a tree climber that belongs to Mimosoideae , a subfamily of Leguminosae .
A potent Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor ( ESTI ) was purified to homogeneity from Entada scandens seeds by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation , affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography .
ESTI is a single polypeptide chain of 19 , 766 Da .
Both native PAGE as well as isoelectric focusing showed a single inhibitor species with a pI of 7 . 43 .
MALDI-TOF analysis also confirmed the monomeric nature .
The amino-terminal sequence of ESTI reveals significant homology to the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors of legume plants .
ESTI is unique in that it contains a single disulfide bridge , and unlike other inhibitors from Mimosoideae species is a single chain polypeptide .
ESTI inhibited bovine trypsin with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 and the apparent K ( i ) was 4 . 9 x 10 ( -9 ) M In vitro assay showed that ESTI inhibited the midgut proteinase of the fifth instar larvae of Rice moth ( Corcyra cephalonica ) with an IC ( 50 ) of 26 . 4+/-0 . 01 nM .
ESTI exhibits a mixed type competitive inhibition at lower concentration and pure competitive at higher inhibitor concentrations .
Phylogenetic analyses depicted a clear divergence of single disulfide containing inhibitors from other tree legume Kunitz inhibitors .
The homology of ESTI to Kunitz inhibitors together with the absence of Bowman-Birk type inhibitors in sword bean further supports the theory that there exists an evolutionary relationship between the families of inhibitors found in Leguminosae .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: A potent Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor ( ESTI ) was purified to homogeneity from Entada scandens seeds by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation , affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: ESTI inhibited bovine trypsin with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 and the apparent K ( i ) was 4 . 9 x 10 ( -9 ) M In vitro assay showed that ESTI inhibited the midgut proteinase of the fifth instar larvae of Rice moth ( Corcyra cephalonica ) with an IC ( 50 ) of 26 . 4+/-0 . 01 nM .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation , characterization and identification of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts from sour Mifen , a traditional fermented rice noodle from China .
| | Author: Lu ZH Peng HH Cao W Tatsumi E Li LT | | Journal: J Appl Microbiol Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18399975 Accession (PMID): 18399975 | | Abstract: Aims : Considering the effect of natural fermentation on the textural improvement of fermented rice noodles in China and South Asia , and given the lack of reports concerning microbial populations and structure in the fermentation process , this study aims to determine the number of viable micro-organisms and identify the species isolated from the local factories , and to assess their potential use as a starter culture from their enzymatic profiles .
Methods and Results : Fourteen samples from three local factories were analysed for the presence of micro-organisms .
A total of 170 lactic acid bacteria ( LAB ) and 96 yeasts were isolated from the factories .
The isolates were phenotypically characterized by using API 50 CHL kits , API 20 Strep kits , API ID 32 C kits and by performing additional biochemical tests .
The enzymatic profiles of isolates were assessed by using API ZYM kits .
Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified as predominant species in the fermented supernatants .
A majority of the isolates of LAB and yeasts displayed activities of alpha-glucosidase , beta-glucosidase , lipase and trypsin .
Conclusions : The microbial composition and strain characteristics present in the fermentation supernatant demonstrate that a majority of micro-organisms have the ability to digest starch , sugar , protein or lipid .
It supports our previous work in which the rice starch was modified and purified by fermentation and thus improves the texture of rice noodles .
Significance and Impact of the Study : The dominant strains would be important in developing a starter culture .
The results can form the basis for the improvement of product quality and consistency .
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[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A majority of the isolates of LAB and yeasts displayed activities of alpha-glucosidase , beta-glucosidase , lipase and trypsin .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Determination of biotin ( vitamin H ) by the high-performance affinity chromatography with a trypsin-treated avidin-bound column .
| | Author: Hayakawa K Katsumata N Hirano M Yoshikawa K Ogata T Tanaka T Nagamine T | | Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Citation: V : 869 P : 93-100 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18514598 Accession (PMID): 18514598 | | Abstract: A method for measuring biotin by affinity-chromatography was developed using a trypsin-treated avidin silica gel column .
Elution was by a linear gradient of propan-2-ol in an acidic phosphate buffer system containing 0 . 7 M NaCl ( pH 2 . 4 ) .
Biotin was derivatized with 9-anthryldiazomethane ( ADAM ) to the fluorescent biotin-ADAM ester and a linear calibration line was obtained from 0 to 1 . 39 pmol with a detection limit of 69 . 5 fmol .
Biotin was measured after hydrolysis in 2 . 25 M sulphuric acid for 1h at 120 degrees C and the recovery for biocytin was 65 . 7+/-2 . 53% , and hence a correction factor of 1 . 52 was used for the total biotin analysis .
The recovery of added biotin from the serum was more than 98% using this correction factor of 1 . 52 .
Biotin was also measured in nutritional supplemental foods and foodstuffs , and we found that chicken egg yolk , "natto" , rice bran , royal jelly , and dried yeast contained highest levels of biotin .
Biotin was also found in ferments by Bacillus natto , yeast , and some acetic acid bacterium .
Storage foods such as beans , nuts and eggs also contained abundant biotin .
Biotin was also determined and replacement monitored in the serum of suspected biotinidase deficiency patients .
This affinity-chromatographic method for biotin determination was shown to be a robust and reliable and is well suited for biochemical and nutritional research .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A method for measuring biotin by affinity-chromatography was developed using a trypsin-treated avidin silica gel column .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Aromatic amino acids providing characteristic motifs in the Raman and SERS spectroscopy of peptides .
| | Author: Wei F Zhang D Halas NJ Hartgerink JD | | Journal: J Phys Chem B Citation: V : 112 P : 9158-64 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18610961 Accession (PMID): 18610961 | | Abstract: Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies ( SERS ) are potentially important tools in the characterization of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA .
In this work , SERS spectra of three cysteine-containing aromatic peptides : tryptophan-cysteine , tyrosine-cysteine , and phenylalanine-cysteine , bound to Au nanoshell substrates , were obtained , and compared to their respective normal Raman spectra .
While the linewidths of the SERS peaks are significantly broadened ( up to 70% ) , no significant spectral shifts ( <6 cm ( -1 ) ) of the major Stokes modes were observed between the two modalities .
We show that the Raman and SERS spectra of penetratin , a cell-penetrating peptide oligomer , can be comprised quite reliably from the spectra of its constituent aromatic amino acids except in the backbone regions where the spectral intensities are critically dependent on the length and conformations of the probed molecules .
From this study we conclude that , together with protein backbone groups , aromatic amino acid residues provide the overwhelmingly dominant features in the Raman and SERS spectra of peptides and proteins when present .
It follows that the Raman modes of these three small constructed peptides may likely apply to the assignment of Raman and SERS features in the spectra of other peptides and proteins .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this work , SERS spectra of three cysteine-containing aromatic peptides : tryptophan-cysteine , tyrosine-cysteine , and phenylalanine-cysteine , bound to Au nanoshell substrates , were obtained , and compared to their respective normal Raman spectra .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Co-expression of proteinase inhibitor enhances recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor production in transgenic rice cell suspension culture .
| | Author: Kim TG Lee HJ Jang YS Shin YJ Kwon TH Yang MS | | Journal: Protein Expr Purif Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18634882 Accession (PMID): 18634882 | | Abstract: The synthetic gene ( sPI-II ) harboring the chymotrypsin ( C1 ) and trypsin ( T1 ) inhibitor domains of the Nicotiana alata serine proteinase inhibitor II gene has been previously expressed , and extracellular protease activity was shown to be reduced in the suspension culture medium .
In this study , the sPI-II gene was introduced into transgenic rice cells expressing rhGM-CSF ( recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ) , in an effort to reduce protease activity and increase rhGM-CSF accumulation in the suspension culture medium .
The integration and expression of the introduced sPI-II gene in the transgenic rice cells were verified via genomic DNA PCR amplification and Northern blot analysis , respectively .
Relative protease activity was found to have been reduced and rhGM-CSF production was increased 2-fold in the co-transformed cell suspension culture with rhGM-CSF and the sPI-II gene , as compared with that observed in the transformed cell suspension culture expressing rhGM-CSF only .
These results indicate that a transformed plant cell suspension culture system expressing the proteinase inhibitor can be a useful tool for increasing recombinant protein production .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The synthetic gene ( sPI-II ) harboring the chymotrypsin ( C1 ) and trypsin ( T1 ) inhibitor domains of the Nicotiana alata serine proteinase inhibitor II gene has been previously expressed , and extracellular protease activity was shown to be reduced in the suspension culture medium .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: An investigation of microbial adhesion to natural and synthetic polysaccharide-based films and its relationship with the surface energy components .
| | Author: Prokopovich P Perni S | | Journal: J Mater Sci Mater Med Citation: V : 20 P : 195-202 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18712504 Accession (PMID): 18712504 | | Abstract: In recent years , polysaccharide-based films have been developed for many applications .
Some of these are in the pharmaceutical industry , where the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces is a concern .
After adhesion of a microorganism to a solid surface has taken place , the subsequent biofilm formed can act as a vehicle for spreading infections .
The aim of this study is to compare the bacterial adhesion of E coli and S aureus from a contaminated solid model ( Tryptone Soya Agar ) to a range of polysaccharide-based films .
These polysaccharide-based films consist of different natural starches ( potato , cassava , wheat , pea and rice ) and synthetic polymers hydroxyl-propyl cellulose ( HPC ) and carboxyl methyl cellulose ( CMC ) ) .
The surface energy parameters of the films were calculated from the contact angle measurements by the sessile drop method .
Apolar and polar liquids ( water , formamide and hexadecane ) and the Lifshitz-Van der Waals/acid-base ( LW/AB ) approach were used according to the method of Van Oss , Chaundhury and Good .
The surface properties of the films were also correlated to the microbial adhesion .
This indicated that , for both E coli and S aureus , the surface roughness did not affect the microbial adhesion .
Only gamma ( sAB ) had any correlation with the microbial adhesion and gamma ( sLW ) was almost constant for all the various polysaccharide films tested .
In addition , the electron-donor properties of the materials , exhibited via gamma ( s+ ) , were positively correlated with the adhesion of S aureus but not with E coli .
This was in agreement with the results of the MATS ( Microbial Adhesion To Solvents ) test performed on the two bacteria .
This revealed that only S aureus presented an electron-acceptor characteristic .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The aim of this study is to compare the bacterial adhesion of E coli and S aureus from a contaminated solid model ( Tryptone Soya Agar ) to a range of polysaccharide-based films .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Purification and Characterization of a Trypsin Inhibitor from Plathymenia foliolosa Seeds .
| | Author: da Silveira Ramos V de Souza Silva G das Gracas Machado Freire M Lima Tavares Machado O Postali Parra JR Rodrigues Macedo ML | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub18991455 Accession (PMID): 18991455 | | Abstract: A novel trypsin inhibitor ( PFTI ) was isolated from Plathymenia foliolosa ( Benth . ) seeds by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 , DEAE-Sepharose , and trypsin-Sepharose columns .
By SDS-PAGE , PFTI yielded a single band with a M r of 19 kDa .
PFTI inhibited bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin with equilibrium dissociation constants ( K i ) of 4 x 10 ( -8 ) and 1 . 4 x 10 ( -6 ) M , respectively .
PFTI retained more than 50% of activity at up to 50 degrees C for 30 min , but there were 80 and 100% losses of activity at 60 and 70 degrees C , respectively .
DTT affected the activity or stability of PFTI .
The N-terminal amino acid sequence of PFTI showed a high degree of homology with various members of the Kunitz family of inhibitors .
Anagasta kuehniella is found worldwide ; this insect attacks stored grains and products of rice , oat , rye , corn , and wheat .
The velvet bean caterpillar ( Anticarsia gemmatalis ) is considered the main defoliator pest of soybean in Brazil .
Diatraea saccharalis , the sugar cane borer , is the major pest of sugar cane crops , and its caterpillar-feeding behavior , inside the stems , hampers control .
PFTI showed significant inhibitory activity against trypsin-like proteases present in the larval midguts on A kuehniella and D saccharalis and could suppress the growth of larvae .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: A novel trypsin inhibitor ( PFTI ) was isolated from Plathymenia foliolosa ( Benth . ) seeds by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 , DEAE-Sepharose , and trypsin-Sepharose columns .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: PFTI inhibited bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin with equilibrium dissociation constants ( K i ) of 4 x 10 ( -8 ) and 1 . 4 x 10 ( -6 ) M , respectively .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: PFTI showed significant inhibitory activity against trypsin-like proteases present in the larval midguts on A kuehniella and D saccharalis and could suppress the growth of larvae .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Regulatory effects of an inhibitor from Plathymenia foliolosa seeds on the larval development of Anagasta kuehniella ( Lepidoptera ) .
| | Author: Ramos Vda S Freire MG Parra JR Macedo ML | | Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol Citation: V : 152 P : 255-61 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19007900 Accession (PMID): 19007900 | | Abstract: The Mediterranean flour moth , Anagasta kuehniella , is one of the most important insect pests of grains , reported worldwide , feeding on stored grains and products of rice , rye , corn and wheat .
Plants synthesize a variety of molecules , including trypsin inhibitors , to defend themselves against attack by insects .
In this study , a trypsin inhibitor ( PFTI ) was purified from Plathymenia foliolosa ( Benth . ) seeds and was tested for insect growth regulatory effect .
The survival and mass of A kuehniella larvae feeding on control seeds were about 82 . 7% and 5 mg , respectively , whereas survival on seeds containing 0 . 7% PFTI was about 56% , while a 66 . 1% reduction in the average mass of the larvae was observed .
The results from dietary utilization experiments with A kuehniella larvae showed a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food , and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost The level of trypsin was significantly decreased in larval midgut and increased in the feces of larvae reared on a diet containing 0 . 7% PFTI .
Results indicate that PFTI possesses a toxic effect against A kuehniella larvae .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Plants synthesize a variety of molecules , including trypsin inhibitors , to defend themselves against attack by insects .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , a trypsin inhibitor ( PFTI ) was purified from Plathymenia foliolosa ( Benth . ) seeds and was tested for insect growth regulatory effect .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results from dietary utilization experiments with A kuehniella larvae showed a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food , and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost The level of trypsin was significantly decreased in larval midgut and increased in the feces of larvae reared on a diet containing 0 . 7% PFTI .
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| Title: Population Dynamics of Sesamia inferens on Transgenic Rice Expressing Cry1Ac and CpTI in Southern China .
| | Author: Han L Liu P Wu K Peng Y Wang F | | Journal: Environ Entomol Citation: V : 37 P : 1361-70 Year: 2008 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19036217 Accession (PMID): 19036217 | | Abstract: Genetically modified insect-resistant rice lines containing the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) or the CpTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) gene developed for the management of lepidopterous pests are highly resistant to the major target pests , Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guenee ) , and Scirpophaga incertulas ( Walker ) , in the main rice-growing areas of China .
However , the effects of these transgenic lines on Sesamia inferens ( Walker ) , an important lepidopterous rice pest , are currently unknown .
Because different insect species have varying susceptibility to Bt insecticidal proteins that may affect population dynamics , research into the effects of these transgenic rice lines on the population dynamics of S inferens was conducted in Fuzhou , southern China , in 2005 and 2006 .
The results of laboratory , field cage , and field plot experiments show that S inferens has comparatively high susceptibility to the transgenic line during the early growing season , with significant differences observed in larval density and infestation levels between transgenic and control lines .
Because of a decrease in Cry1Ac levels in the plant as it ages , the transgenic line provided only a low potential for population suppression late in the growing season .
There is a correlation between the changing expression of Cry1Ac and the impact of transgenic rice on the population dynamics of S inferens during the season .
These results indicate that S inferens may become a major pest in fields of prospective commercially released transgenic rice , and more attention should be paid to developing an effective alternative management strategy .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Genetically modified insect-resistant rice lines containing the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) or the CpTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) gene developed for the management of lepidopterous pests are highly resistant to the major target pests , Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) , Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Guenee ) , and Scirpophaga incertulas ( Walker ) , in the main rice-growing areas of China .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Proteomics of weakly bound cell wall proteins in rice calli .
| | Author: Chen XY Kim ST Cho WK Rim Y Kim S Kim SW Kang KY Park ZY Kim JY | | Journal: J Plant Physiol Citation: V : 166 P : 675-85 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19038476 Accession (PMID): 19038476 | | Abstract: In the present work , we present a proteomic analysis of weakly bound cell wall proteins ( CWPs ) in rice .
CWPs from rice calli were extracted with mannitol/CaCl ( 2 ) , followed by back extraction with water-saturated phenol .
The isolated CWPs were evaluated for contamination by cytosolic proteins by measuring the enzymatic activity of an intracellular marker ( glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ) .
This revealed the presence of low levels of intracellular proteins and a significant enrichment of CWPs , as compared to the total extract .
Protein samples were digested in gels with trypsin and analyzed using the multidimensional protein identification technology ( MudPIT ) .
A total of 292 proteins were identified , which included numerous classical CWPs and antioxidant proteins .
Bioinformatics analysis showed that 72 . 6% of these proteins possessed a signal peptide , and a total of 198 proteins were determined to be CWPs in rice .
Functional classification divided the extracellular proteins into different groups , including glycosyl hydrolases ( 23% ) , antioxidant proteins ( 12% ) , cell wall structure-related proteins ( 6% ) , metabolic pathways ( 9% ) , protein modifications ( 4% ) , defense ( 4% ) , and protease inhibitors ( 3% ) .
Furthermore , comparative analysis of our identified rice CWPs with known Arabidopsis CWPs revealed 25 novel rice-specific CWPs .
The study described here is an unprecedented large-scale analysis of CWPs in rice .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Protein samples were digested in gels with trypsin and analyzed using the multidimensional protein identification technology ( MudPIT ) .
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| Title: Human colon and liver cancer cell proliferation inhibition by peptide hydrolysates derived from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran .
| | Author: Kannan A Hettiarachchy N Johnson MG Nannapaneni R | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : 56 P : 11643-7 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19090710 Accession (PMID): 19090710 | | Abstract: Rice bran , an economical , underutilized coproduct of rough rice milling , was used to produce peptide hydrolysates , which were investigated for anticancer activity .
Protein hydrolysates prepared by Alcalase hydrolysis under optimized conditions were treated further to obtain gastrointestinal ( GI ) -resistant peptide hydrolysates .
They were fractionated into >50 , 10-50 , 5-10 , and <5 kDa sizes and evaluated for inhibitory activity on proliferation of human colon ( Caco-2 ) and liver ( HepG2 ) cancer cell lines by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay .
GI-resistant <5 and 5-10 kDa sized peptide fractions inhibited growth of Caco-2 cells by 80% , and the <5 kDa fraction inhibited growth of HepG2 cells by approximately 50% compared to controls and nonresistant fractions .
An MTS cell titer assay confirmed antiproliferative effects of the peptide fractions .
The results demonstrated that 5-10 and <5 kDa sized GI-resistant fractions promoted significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) inhibitory activities on both cancer cell lines compared to controls .
More investigations are needed to show such value-added effects on the technofunctional and sensorial properties of the food protein and peptide matrices .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: They were fractionated into >50 , 10-50 , 5-10 , and <5 kDa sizes and evaluated for inhibitory activity on proliferation of human colon ( Caco-2 ) and liver ( HepG2 ) cancer cell lines by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Heterologous expression analyses of rice OsCAS in Arabidopsis and in yeast provide evidence for its roles in cyanide detoxification rather than in cysteine synthesis in vivo .
| | Author: Lai KW Yau CP Tse YC Jiang L Yip WK | | Journal: J Exp Bot Citation: V : 60 P : 993-1008 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19181864 Accession (PMID): 19181864 | | Abstract: While most dicot plants produce little ethylene in their vegetative stage , many monocots such as rice liberate a relatively large amount of ethylene with cyanide as a co-product in their seedling stage when etiolated .
One of the known functions of beta-cyanoalanine synthase ( CAS ) is to detoxify the co-product cyanide during ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants .
Based on a tryptic peptide sequence obtained from a partially purified CAS activity protein preparation in etiolated rice seedlings , the full-length putative rice CAS-encoding cDNA sequence ( OsCAS ) , which is homologous to those O-acetylserine sulphydrylase ( OASS ) genes , was cloned .
Unlike most of the CAS genes reported from dicots , the transcription of OsCAS is promoted by auxins but suppressed by ethylene .
To address the function and the subcellular localization of this gene product in planta , a binary vector construct consisting of this gene appended with a yellow fluorescent protein-encoding sequence was employed to transform Arabidopsis .
Specific activities on CAS and OASS of the purified recombinant protein from transgenic Arabidopsis were 181 . 04 micromol H ( 2 ) S mg ( -1 ) protein min ( -1 ) and 0 . 92 micromol Cys mg ( -1 ) protein min ( -1 ) , respectively , indicating that OsCAS favours CAS activity .
The subcellular localization of OsCAS was found mostly in the mitochondria by immunogold electron-microscopy .
Chemical cross-linking and in-gel assay on a heterodimer composed of functional and non-functional mutants in a yeast expression system on OsCAS suggested that OsCAS functions as a homodimer , similar to that of OASS .
Despite the structural similarity of OsCAS with OASS , it has also been confirmed that OsCAS could not interact with serine-acetyltransferase , indicating that OsCAS mainly functions in cyanide detoxification .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Based on a tryptic peptide sequence obtained from a partially purified CAS activity protein preparation in etiolated rice seedlings , the full-length putative rice CAS-encoding cDNA sequence ( OsCAS ) , which is homologous to those O-acetylserine sulphydrylase ( OASS ) genes , was cloned .
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| Title: Understanding and harnessing the microaerobic metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli .
| | Author: Durnin G Clomburg J Yeates Z Alvarez PJ Zygourakis K Campbell P Gonzalez R | | Journal: Biotechnol Bioeng Citation: V : 103 P : 148-61 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19189409 Accession (PMID): 19189409 | | Abstract: Given its availability , low prices , and high degree of reduction , glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the production of reduced compounds .
The anaerobic fermentation of glycerol by Escherichia coli could be an excellent platform for this purpose but it requires expensive nutrients such as tryptone and yeast extract .
In this work , microaerobic conditions were used as a means of eliminating the need for rich nutrients .
Availability of low amounts of oxygen enabled redox balance while preserving the ability to synthesize reduced products .
A fermentation balance analysis showed approximately 95% recovery of carbon and reducing equivalents .
The pathways involved in glycerol dissimilation were identified using different genetic and biochemical approaches .
Respiratory ( GlpK-GlpD/GlpABC ) and fermentative ( GldA-DhaKLM ) routes mediated the conversion of glycerol to glycolytic intermediates .
Although pyruvate formate-lyase ( PFL ) and pyruvate dehydrogenase contributed to the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate , most of the carbon flux proceeded through PFL .
The pathways mediating the synthesis of acetate and ethanol were required for the efficient utilization of glycerol .
The microaerobic metabolism of glycerol was harnessed by engineering strains for the co-production of ethanol and hydrogen ( EH05 [ pZSKLMgldA ] ) , and ethanol and formate ( EF06 [ pZSKLMgldA ] ) .
High ethanol yields were achieved by genetic manipulations that reduced the synthesis of by-products succinate , acetate , and lactate .
Co-production of hydrogen required the use of acidic pH while formate co-production was facilitated by inactivation of the enzyme formate-hydrogen lyase .
High rates of product synthesis were realized by overexpressing glycerol dehydrogenase ( GldA ) and dihydroxyacetone kinase ( DhaKLM ) .
Engineered strains efficiently produced ethanol and hydrogen and ethanol and formate from glycerol in a minimal medium without rich supplements .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The anaerobic fermentation of glycerol by Escherichia coli could be an excellent platform for this purpose but it requires expensive nutrients such as tryptone and yeast extract .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of chryseobacterium aquaticum strain PUPC1 producing a novel antifungal protease from rice rhizosphere soil .
| | Author: Gandhi Pragash M Narayanan KB Naik PR Sakthivel N | | Journal: J Microbiol Biotechnol Citation: V : 19 P : 99-107 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19190415 Accession (PMID): 19190415 | | Abstract: Strain PUPC1 produces an antifungal protease as well as plant growth promoting enzymes such as 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate ( ACC ) deaminase and phosphatase .
Morphological , cultural , and physiological characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene-sequence-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of PUPC1 as Chryseobacterium aquaticum .
The optimum growth of PUPC1 was observed at pH 6 . 0 and 30 degrees , and maximum protease production was observed in medium B amended with 1% tryptone , 0 . 5% sucrose , and 0 . 005% MnCl2 .
The protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation , Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography , and electroelution from preparative SDS-PAGE .
The protease had a molecular mass of 18 . 5 kDa .
The optimum pH and temperature stability of the protease were pH 5 . 0 10 . 0 and temperature 40-70 degrees . Chryseobacterium aquaticum PUPC1 and its protease showed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi .
Strain PUPC1 also exhibited plant growth promoting traits .
The objective of the present investigation was to isolate a strain for agricultural application for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of fungal diseases .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The optimum growth of PUPC1 was observed at pH 6 . 0 and 30 degrees , and maximum protease production was observed in medium B amended with 1% tryptone , 0 . 5% sucrose , and 0 . 005% MnCl2 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Occurrence of D-serine in rice and characterization of rice serine racemase .
| | Author: Gogami Y Ito K Kamitani Y Matsushima Y Oikawa T | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 70 P : 380-7 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19249065 Accession (PMID): 19249065 | | Abstract: Germinated , unpolished rice was found to contain a substantial amount of D-serine , with the ratio of the D-enantiomer to the L-enantiomer being higher for serine than for other amino acids .
The relative amount of D-serine ( D/ ( D+L ) % ) reached approximately 10% six days after germination .
A putative serine racemase gene ( serr , clone No 001-110-B03 ) was found in chromosome 4 of the genomic DNA of Oryza sativa L ssp .
Japonica cv .
Nipponbare .
This was expressed as serr in Escherichia coli and its gene product ( SerR ) was purified to apparent homogeneity .
SerR is a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 34 . 5kDa , and is highly specific for serine .
In addition to a serine racemase reaction , SerR catalyzes D and L-serine dehydratase reactions , for which the specific activities were determined to be 2 . 73 and 1 . 42nkatal/mg , respectively .
The optimum temperature and pH were respectively determined for the racemase reaction ( 35 degrees C and pH9 . 0 ) and for the dehydratase reaction ( 35 degrees C and pH9 . 5 ) .
SerR was inhibited by PLP-enzyme inhibitors .
ATP decreased the serine racemase activity of SerR but increased the serine dehydratase activity .
Kinetic analysis showed that Mg ( 2+ ) increases the catalytic efficiency of the serine racemase activity of SerR and decreases that of the serine dehydratase activity .
Fluorescence-quenching analysis of the tryptophan residues in SerR indicated that the structure of SerR is distorted by the addition of Mg ( 2+ ) , and this structural change probably regulates the two enzymatic activities .
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[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: Fluorescence-quenching analysis of the tryptophan residues in SerR indicated that the structure of SerR is distorted by the addition of Mg ( 2+ ) , and this structural change probably regulates the two enzymatic activities .
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| Title: Mapping and proteomic analysis of albumin and globulin proteins in hexaploid wheat kernels ( Triticum aestivum L ) .
| | Author: Merlino M Leroy P Chambon C Branlard G | | Journal: Theor Appl Genet Citation: V : 118 P : 1321-37 Year: 2009 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19277600 Accession (PMID): 19277600 | | Abstract: Albumins and globulins of wheat endosperm represent 20% of total kernel protein .
They are soluble proteins , mainly enzymes and proteins involved in cell functions .
Two-dimensional gel immobiline electrophoresis ( 2DE ) ( pH 4-7 ) x SDS-Page revealed around 2 , 250 spots .
Ninety percent of the spots were common between the very distantly related cultivars Opata 85 and Synthetic W7984 , the two parents of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative ( ITMI ) progeny .
Opata had 130 specific spots while Synthetic had 96 .
2DE and image analysis of the soluble proteins present in 112 recombinant inbred lines of the F9-mapped ITMI progeny enabled 120 unbiased segregating spots to be mapped on 21 wheat ( Triticum aestivum L em .
Thell ) chromosomes .
After trypsic digestion , mapped spots were subjected to MALDI-Tof or tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification by database mining .
Among the Opata and Synthetic spots identified , many enzymes have already been mapped in the barley and rice genomes .
Multigene families of Heat Shock Proteins , beta-amylases , UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases , peroxydases and thioredoxins were successfully identified .
Although other proteins remain to be identified , some differences were found in the number of segregating proteins involved in response to stress : 11 proteins found in the modern selected cultivar Opata 85 as compared to 4 in the new hexaploid ; Synthetic W7984 .
In addition , Opata and Synthetic differed in the number of proteins involved in protein folding ( 2 and 10 , respectively ) .
The usefulness of the mapped enzymes for future research on seed composition and characteristics is discussed .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: After trypsic digestion , mapped spots were subjected to MALDI-Tof or tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification by database mining .
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| Title: Purification and characterization of camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) milk amylase .
| | Author: El-Fakharany EM Serour EA Abdelrahman AM Haroun BM Redwan el-RM | | Journal: Prep Biochem Biotechnol Citation: V : 39 P : 105-23 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19291574 Accession (PMID): 19291574 | | Abstract: Skimmed camel milk contains 59 , 900 U/L amylase , which is 39 , 363 times less than serum and plasma amylase .
Camel milk beta-amylase was purified as a 61 KDa band using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 and yielded 561 U/mg .
The optimum working pH , Km and temperature were 7 . 0 , 13 . 6 mg/Lstarch , 30-40 degrees C , respectively .
The enzyme has been shown higher affinity toward amylose and soluble starch than glycogen , amylopectin , dextrin , or pullulan .
Magnesium chloride , CaCl ( 2 ) and NaCl activated the amylase , while EDTA and EGTA decreased its activity .
While its activity was increased in the presence of Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 .
Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride did not show any effect on enzyme activity .
However , the enzyme activity was inhibited by urea , SDS , DTNB , iodoacetamide , N-ethylmalimide , aprotinin , and trypsin inhibitor .
It worked on starch to yield a maltose .
Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated a nano-degrading ability on starch granules from various sources ( potato , corn , cassava , and rice ) .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: However , the enzyme activity was inhibited by urea , SDS , DTNB , iodoacetamide , N-ethylmalimide , aprotinin , and trypsin inhibitor .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Uridine-ribohydrolase is a key regulator in the uridine degradation pathway of Arabidopsis .
| | Author: Jung B Florchinger M Kunz HH Traub M Wartenberg R Jeblick W Neuhaus HE Mohlmann T | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 21 P : 876-91 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19293370 Accession (PMID): 19293370 | | Abstract: Nucleoside degradation and salvage are important metabolic pathways but hardly understood in plants .
Recent work on human pathogenic protozoans like Leishmania and Trypanosoma substantiates an essential function of nucleosidase activity .
Plant nucleosidases are related to those from protozoans and connect the pathways of nucleoside degradation and salvage .
Here , we describe the cloning of such an enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana , Uridine-Ribohydrolase 1 ( URH1 ) and the characterization by complementation of a yeast mutant .
Furthermore , URH1 was synthesized as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli .
The pure recombinant protein exhibited highest hydrolase activity for uridine , followed by inosine and adenosine , the corresponding K ( m ) values were 0 . 8 , 1 . 4 , and 0 . 7 mM , respectively .
In addition , URH1 was able to cleave the cytokinin derivative isopentenyladenine-riboside .
Promoter beta-glucuronidase fusion studies revealed that URH1 is mainly transcribed in the vascular cells of roots and in root tips , guard cells , and pollen .
Mutants expressing the Arabidopsis enzyme or the homolog from rice ( Oryza sativa ) exhibit resistance toward toxic fluorouridine , fluorouracil , and fluoroorotic acid , providing clear evidence for a pivotal function of URH1 as regulative in pyrimidine degradation .
Moreover , mutants with increased and decreased nucleosidase activity are delayed in germination , indicating that this enzyme activity must be well balanced in the early phase of plant development .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Recent work on human pathogenic protozoans like Leishmania and Trypanosoma substantiates an essential function of nucleosidase activity .
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| Title: Distinguishing Mouse Strains by Proteomic Analysis of Pelage Hair .
| | Author: Rice RH Rocke DM Tsai HS Silva KA Lee YJ Sundberg JP | | Journal: J Invest Dermatol Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19295613 Accession (PMID): 19295613 | | Abstract: AKR/J mice display a hair interior defect ( hid ) phenotype for which the molecular basis is unknown .
To investigate the application of hair-shaft proteomics to the study of such diseases , pelage from AKR/J and two other mouse strains without this defect was analyzed by shotgun proteomics .
The results permitted the identification of 111 proteins from tryptic digests of total hair from AKR/J-hid/hid mice , which were predominantly keratins ( Krts ) and Krt-associated proteins ( Krtaps ) .
From the non-solubilizable ( crosslinked ) fraction of the hair remaining after extensive detergent extraction , 58 proteins were identified .
The majority were Krts and Krtaps , but junctional and other membrane proteins , cytoplasmic proteins , and histones were also identified .
The results indicate the incorporation of a multitude of proteins into highly crosslinked material Comparison of unique peptides generated among hair samples from AKR/J-hid/hid , FVB/NJ+/+ , and LP/J+/+ mice indicated that these inbred strains could be distinguished by their proteomic patterns .
Transmission electron microscopy after mild treatment in detergent and reducing agent permitted the visualization of projections of cortex cells , with characteristic filament patterns , into adjoining medulla cells .
Hair shafts from AKR/J mice were deficient in these projections and also exhibited relatively low levels of trichohyalin , a possible contributor to or marker for the hid phenotype . Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication , 19 March 2009 ; doi : 10 . 1038/jid . 2009 . 52 .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results permitted the identification of 111 proteins from tryptic digests of total hair from AKR/J-hid/hid mice , which were predominantly keratins ( Krts ) and Krt-associated proteins ( Krtaps ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Searching for allergens in maize kernels via proteomic tools .
| | Author: Fasoli E Pastorello EA Farioli L Scibilia J Aldini G Carini M Marocco A Boschetti E Righetti PG | | Journal: J Proteomics Citation: V : 72 P : 501-10 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19367736 Accession (PMID): 19367736 | | Abstract: Up to the present , only one major allergen had been univocally identified by chemical analysis ( N-terminal sequencing ) in the salt-extractable ( cytoplasmic ) protein fraction of maize kernels ( Zea mays ) : the lipid transfer protein ( Pastorello et al , Allergy Clin . Immunol . 2000 ; 106 : 744-751 ) .
In the present study , two-dimensional maps of kernel flour have been set up , the proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and confronted with sera of various patients allergic to maize proteins .
Via spot excision and Orbitrap mass analysis , the following new allergens have been identified : vicilin , globulin-2 , 50 kDa gamma-zein , endo-chitinase , thioredoxin and trypsin inhibitor .
Vicilin was found to be composed of a string of six spots , all of them allergenic ; also globulin-2 was composed of a string of five spots , exhibiting equivalent allergenicity .
The 50 kDa gamma-zein , found here in the maize flour soluble fraction , is identical to the 50 kDa allergen reported by Pasini et al ( Allergy 2002 ; 57 : 98-106 ) , but present in the insoluble fraction and solubilized via -S-S reducing agents .
However , the form here described might be a truncated species , since it exhibits an apparent Mr , in SDS-PAGE , of ca 35 kDa .
The homology of three of them ( vicilin , globulin-2 and thioredoxin ) with other vegetable systems has been investigated via BLAST analysis , the ones with highest homology belonging to rice , wheat and barley .
The present data add a non-negligible amount of previously unreported allergens to the scanty panorama of maize proteins .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Via spot excision and Orbitrap mass analysis , the following new allergens have been identified : vicilin , globulin-2 , 50 kDa gamma-zein , endo-chitinase , thioredoxin and trypsin inhibitor .
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| Title: Localization of serotoninergic neurons that participate in regulating diaphragm activity in the cat .
| | Author: Rice CD Lois JH Kerman IA Yates BJ | | Journal: Brain Res Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19433074 Accession (PMID): 19433074 | | Abstract: Although a considerable body of literature indicates that serotoninergic neurons affect diaphragm activity both through direct inputs to phrenic motoneurons and multisynaptic connections involving the brainstem respiratory groups , the locations of the serotoninergic neurons that modulate breathing have not been well defined .
The present study identified these neurons in cats by combining the transneuronal retrograde transport of rabies virus from the diaphragm with the immunohistochemical detection of the N-terminal region of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 ( TPH2 ) , the brain-specific isoform of the enzyme responsible for the initial and rate-limiting step in serotonin synthesis .
TPH2-immunopositive neurons were present in the midline raphe nuclei , formed a column in the ventrolateral medulla near the lateral reticular nucleus , and were spread across the dorsal portion of the pons just below the fourth ventricle .
In most animals , only a small fraction of neurons ( typically <20% ) labeled for TPH2 in each of the medullary raphe nuclei and the medullary ventrolateral column were infected with rabies virus .
However , the percentage of medullary neurons dual-labeled for both rabies and TPH2 was much higher in animals with very advanced infections where virus had spread transneuronally through many synapses .
Furthermore , in all cases , TPH2-immunopositive neurons that were infected by rabies virus were significantly less prevalent in the pons than the medulla .
These findings suggest that although serotoninergic neurons with direct influences on diaphragm activity are widely scattered in the brainstem , the majority of these neurons are located in the medulla .
Many non-serotoninergic neurons in the raphe nuclei were also infected with rabies virus , indicating that midline cells utilizing multiple neurotransmitters participate in the control of breathing .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The present study identified these neurons in cats by combining the transneuronal retrograde transport of rabies virus from the diaphragm with the immunohistochemical detection of the N-terminal region of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 ( TPH2 ) , the brain-specific isoform of the enzyme responsible for the initial and rate-limiting step in serotonin synthesis .
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| Title: Senescence Induced Serotonin Biosynthesis and Its Role in Delaying Senescence in Rice Leaves .
| | Author: Kang K Kim YS Park S Back K | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19439571 Accession (PMID): 19439571 | | Abstract: Serotonin , which is well known as a pineal hormone in mammals , plays a key role in conditions such as mood , eating disorders , and alcoholism .
In plants , although serotonin has been suggested to be involved in several physiological roles , including flowering , morphogenesis , and adaptation to environmental changes , its regulation and functional roles are as yet not characterized at the molecular level .
In this study , we found that serotonin is greatly accumulated in rice leaves undergoing senescence induced by either nutrient deprivation or detachment , and its synthesis is closely coupled with transcriptional and enzymatic induction of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes as well as tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) .
Transgenic rice plants that overexpressed TDC accumulated higher levels of serotonin than the wild type and showed delayed senescence of rice leaves .
However , transgenic rice plants , in which expression of TDC was suppressed through an RNAi system , produced less serotonin and senesced faster than the wild type , suggesting that serotonin is involved in attenuating leaf senescence .
The senescence-retarding activity of serotonin is associated with its high antioxidant activity compared to either tryptophan or chlorogenic acid .
Results of TDC overexpression and TDC RNAi plants suggest that TDC plays a rate-limiting role for serotonin accumulation , but the synthesis of serotonin depends on an absolute amount of tryptophan accumulation by the coordinate induction of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes .
In addition , immunolocalization analysis revealed that serotonin was abundant in the vascular parenchyma cells , including companion cells and xylem-parenchyma cells , suggestive of its involvement in maintaining the cellular integrity of these cells for facilitating efficient nutrient recycling from senescing leaves to sink it issues during senescence .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: In this study , we found that serotonin is greatly accumulated in rice leaves undergoing senescence induced by either nutrient deprivation or detachment , and its synthesis is closely coupled with transcriptional and enzymatic induction of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes as well as tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Results of TDC overexpression and TDC RNAi plants suggest that TDC plays a rate-limiting role for serotonin accumulation , but the synthesis of serotonin depends on an absolute amount of tryptophan accumulation by the coordinate induction of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The senescence-retarding activity of serotonin is associated with its high antioxidant activity compared to either tryptophan or chlorogenic acid .
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| Title: Mast cell burden and reticulin fibrosis in the myeloproliferative neoplasms : A computer-assisted image analysis study .
| | Author: Ahmed A Powers MP Youker KA Rice L Ewton A Dunphy CH Chang CC | | Journal: Pathol Res Pract Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19446406 Accession (PMID): 19446406 | | Abstract: The mast cell has been associated with fibrosis in many different it issues , organs , and different disease processes including hematopoietic malignancies .
Mast cells are often increased in the bone marrow of patients with primary bone marrow disorders , and patients with systemic mastocytosis often have a second concomitant neoplastic disease of the bone marrow .
The goals of the current study were to determine the role the mast cell has in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms ( MPN ) and to correlate the mast cell burden with the degree of reticulin fibrosis .
We used computer-assisted image analysis of bone marrow core biopsies stained for mast cell tryptase from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms [ 31 cases : 12 chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ) , 6 primary myelofibrosis ( PMF ) , 4 essential thrombocythemia ( ET ) , 4 polycythemia vera ( PV ) , and 5 chronic myeloproliferative disorder , unclassifiable ( CMPD-U ) ] .
Although the number of cases of some subtypes of MPN was small , the results suggested that PMF and ET each had significantly more mast cells than both CML and control cases ( P<0 . 01 and 0 . 05 , respectively , Mann-Whitney test ) .
CMPD-U and PV showed no significant differences from the control cases , but the CML cases had significantly fewer mast cells than our control cases ( P=0 . 02 , Mann-Whitney test ) .
In addition , the quantity of mast cells seen in the bone marrows of MPN patients correlated with reticulin fibrosis ( P=0 . 04 , Mann-Whitney test ) .
Our studies highlight the different mast cell quantities in different myeloproliferative neoplasms and suggest a direct role for the mast cell in intramedullary fibrosis .
Further studies are warranted to confirm our observation and to study the mechanisms by which mast cells contribute to fibrosis in the MPN setting .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: We used computer-assisted image analysis of bone marrow core biopsies stained for mast cell tryptase from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms [ 31 cases : 12 chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ) , 6 primary myelofibrosis ( PMF ) , 4 essential thrombocythemia ( ET ) , 4 polycythemia vera ( PV ) , and 5 chronic myeloproliferative disorder , unclassifiable ( CMPD-U ) ] .
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| Title: Development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C*-free endosperm .
| | Author: Ye R Huang H Yang Z Chen T Liu L Li X Chen H Lin Y | | Journal: Pest Manag Sci Citation: V : P : Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19479952 Accession (PMID): 19479952 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Yellow stem borer ( Tryporyza incertulas Walker ) , striped stem borer ( Chilo suppressalis Walker ) and leaf folder ( Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenec ) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world .
In this study , novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which Bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm .
The resistant gene , cry1C* , driven by the rice rbcS promoter ( small subunit of ribulose-1 , 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ) , was introduced into Zhonghua 11 ( Oryza sativa L ssp . japonica ) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation . RESULTS : A total of 83 independent transformants were obtained , 19 of which were characterised as single-copy foreign gene insertion .
After preliminary screening of the T ( 1 ) families of these 19 transformants in the field , six highly insect-resistant homozygous lines were selected .
These six homozygous transgenic lines were field tested for resistance to leaf folders and stem borers , and for their agronomic performance .
The Cry1C* protein levels in leaves and endosperm were measured by ELISA .
Subsequently , the elite transgenic line RJ5 was selected ; this line not only possessed high resistance to leaf folders and stem borers , normal agronomic performance , but also Cry1C* expression was only 2 . 6 ng g ( -1 ) in the endosperm . CONCLUSION : These results indicated that RJ5 has the potential for widespread utility in rice production .
Copyright ( c ) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BACKGROUND : Yellow stem borer ( Tryporyza incertulas Walker ) , striped stem borer ( Chilo suppressalis Walker ) and leaf folder ( Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenec ) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world .
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| Title: Inhibitory effect of commercial green tea and rosemary leaf powders on the growth of foodborne pathogens in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes .
| | Author: Lee SY Gwon SY Kim SJ Moon BK | | Journal: J Food Prot Citation: V : 72 P : 1107-11 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19517743 Accession (PMID): 19517743 | | Abstract: The antimicrobial effects of green tea and rosemary added to foods as antagonists to foodborne pathogens were determined in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes .
The growth of each pathogen ( Bacillus cereus , Salmonella Typhimurium , Enterobacter sakazakii , Escherichia coli O157 : H7 , Staphylococcus aureus , and Listeria monocytogenes ) in tryptic soy broth or rice cake with or without addition of green tea or rosemary leaf powders before autoclaving or cooking , respectively , was investigated after inoculation .
The addition of 1% green tea or rosemary produced similar results for inhibiting the growth of pathogens in tryptic soy broth .
However , green tea was more effective than rosemary for inhibiting the growth of L monocytogenes .
Both botanicals had inhibitory effects against all pathogens tested in this study .
Green tea was particularly effective against B cereus , S aureus , and L monocytogenes , and rosemary was strongly inhibitory against B cereus and S aureus .
The addition of 1 or 3% green tea or rosemary to rice cakes did not significantly reduce total aerobic counts ; however , levels of B cereus and S aureus were significantly reduced in rice cakes stored for 3 days at room temperature ( 22 degrees C ) .
The order of antimicrobial activities against B cereus in rice cake was 1% rosemary < 1% green tea < 3% rosemary = 3% green tea .
These results indicate that the use of natural plant materials such as green tea and rosemary could improve the microbial quality of foods in addition to their functional properties .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The growth of each pathogen ( Bacillus cereus , Salmonella Typhimurium , Enterobacter sakazakii , Escherichia coli O157 : H7 , Staphylococcus aureus , and Listeria monocytogenes ) in tryptic soy broth or rice cake with or without addition of green tea or rosemary leaf powders before autoclaving or cooking , respectively , was investigated after inoculation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The addition of 1% green tea or rosemary produced similar results for inhibiting the growth of pathogens in tryptic soy broth .
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| Title: Silencing OsHI-LOX makes rice more susceptible to chewing herbivores , but enhances resistance to a phloem feeder .
| | Author: Zhou G Qi J Ren N Cheng J Erb M Mao B Lou Y | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 60 P : 638-48 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19656341 Accession (PMID): 19656341 | | Abstract: The jasmonic acid ( JA ) pathway plays a central role in plant defense responses against insects .
Some phloem-feeding insects also induce the salicylic acid ( SA ) pathway , thereby suppressing the plants JA response .
These phenomena have been well studied in dicotyledonous plants , but little is known about them in monocotyledons .
We cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice , OsHI-LOX , whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer ( SSB ) Chilo suppressalis and the rice brown planthopper ( BPH ) Niaparvata lugens , as well as by mechanical wounding and treatment with JA .
Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX ( as-lox ) reduced SSB or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor ( TrypPI ) levels , improved the larval performance of SBB as well as that of the rice leaf folder ( LF ) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , and increased the damage caused by SSB and LF larvae .
In contrast , BPH , a phloem-feeding herbivore , showed a preference for settling and ovipositing on WT plants , on which they consumed more and survived better than on as-lox plants .
The enhanced resistance of as-lox plants to BPH infestation correlated with higher levels of BPH-induced H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) and SA , as well as with increased hypersensitive response-like cell death .
These results imply that OsHI-LOX is involved in herbivore-induced JA biosynthesis , and plays contrasting roles in controlling rice resistance to chewing and phloem-feeding herbivores .
The observation that suppression of JA activity results in increased resistance to an insect indicates that revision of the generalized plant defense models in monocotyledons is required , and may help develop novel strategies to protect rice against insect pests .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Antisense expression of OsHI-LOX ( as-lox ) reduced SSB or BPH-induced JA and trypsin protease inhibitor ( TrypPI ) levels , improved the larval performance of SBB as well as that of the rice leaf folder ( LF ) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , and increased the damage caused by SSB and LF larvae .
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| Title: Enhancing essential amino acids and health benefit components in grain crops for improved nutritional values .
| | Author: Wenefrida I Utomo HS Blanche SB Linscombe SD | | Journal: Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq Citation: V : 3 P : 219-25 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19673700 Accession (PMID): 19673700 | | Abstract: Improving essential amino acids or protein content , along with other phytonutrients in the food crops , will affect a great portion of the world population , especially in developing countries where rice grain is the main source of protein .
Malnutrition , including deficiencies in protein/energy , iron/zinc , vitamin A , and iodine , causes a total 24 , 000 deaths per day worldwide .
The problem is severe where rice is the major staple food .
Protein deficiency involves both the quantity ( amount ) and quality ( the content in essential amino acids ) of the dietary protein .
Various interventions , such as distribution , fortification , dietary diversification , and measures against infectious diseases , have been applied to reduce deficiency disorders .
The problem , however , remains unsolved .
Developing genetically novel lines with elevated content of essential amino acids together with other health benefit components becomes more feasible for the enhancement of breeding techniques , genomics , molecular manipulations , and genetic engineering .
Advancement in basic genetic and genetic engineering has resulted in successful enrichment of some essential amino acids , such as lysine ( Lys ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , and methionine ( Met ) .
Successful genetic enhancement has been largely restricted to the maize crop through enrichment of grain Lys and to some extends Trp .
Since rice is the main source of calories and protein intake for billions of people , enhancing essential amino acids in rice represents a tremendous challenge .
This paper will discuss and review the current status in basic genetics , molecular genetics , and genetic engineering associated with the enhancement of amino acids and other health benefit components in major grain crop improvement .
Patents and future efforts associated with enhancing nutritional quality of the grain will also be reviewed as a concerted effort to solve the malnutrition problem and improve the quality of life worldwide .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Advancement in basic genetic and genetic engineering has resulted in successful enrichment of some essential amino acids , such as lysine ( Lys ) , tryptophan ( Trp ) , and methionine ( Met ) .
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| Title: A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant , tdd1 , contains a reduced level of indole acetic acid and develops abnormal flowers and organless embryos .
| | Author: Sazuka T Kamiya N Nishimura T Ohmae K Sato Y Imamura K Nagato Y Koshiba T Nagamura Y Ashikari M Kitano H Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 60 P : 227-41 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19682283 Accession (PMID): 19682283 | | Abstract: Indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) plays a critical role in many aspects of plant growth and development ; however , complete pathways of biosynthesis , localization and many aspects of functions of IAA in rice remain unclear .
Here , we report the analysis of a rice tryptophan ( Trp- ) and IAA-deficient mutant , tryptophan deficient dwarf1 ( tdd1 ) , which is embryonic lethal because of a failure to develop most organs during embryogenesis .
Regenerated tdd1 plants showed pleiotropic phenotypes : dwarfing , narrow leaves , short roots and abnormal flowers .
TDD1 encodes a protein homologous to anthranilate synthase beta-subunit , which catalyses the first step of the Trp biosynthesis pathway and functions upstream of Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis .
TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expression overlapped at many sites in WT plants but was lacking in tdd1 , indicating that TDD1 is involved in auxin biosynthesis .
Both Trp and IAA levels in flowers and embryos were much lower in tdd1 than in wild type ( WT ) .
Trp feeding completely rescued the mutant phenotypes and moderate expression of OsYUCCA1 , which encodes a key enzyme in Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis , also rescued plant height and root length , indicating that the abnormal phenotypes of tdd1 are caused predominantly by Trp and IAA deficiency .
In tdd1 embryos , the expression patterns of OSH1 and OsSCR , which mark the presumptive apical region and the L2 layer , respectively , are identical to those in WT , suggesting a possibility either that different IAA levels are required for basic pattern formation than for organ formation or that an orthologous gene compensates for TDD1 deficiency during pattern formation .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 2.00 ]: Here , we report the analysis of a rice tryptophan ( Trp- ) and IAA-deficient mutant , tryptophan deficient dwarf1 ( tdd1 ) , which is embryonic lethal because of a failure to develop most organs during embryogenesis .
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| Title: Searching for new clues about the molecular cause of endomyocardial fibrosis by way of in silico proteomics and analytical chemistry .
| | Author: Wayengera M | | Journal: PLoS One Citation: V : 4 P : e7420 Year: 2009 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19823676 Accession (PMID): 19823676 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Endomyocardial Fibrosis ( EMF ) -is a chronic inflammatory disease of the heart with related pathology to that of late stage Chagas disease .
Indeed , both diseases are thought to result from auto-immune responses against myocardial it issue .
As is the case that molecular mimicry between the acidic termini of Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P0 , P1 and P2beta ( or simply TcP0 , TcP1 , and TcP2beta ) proteins and myocardial it issue causes Chagas disease , excessive exposure to certain infections , toxins including cassava ones , allergy and malnutrition has been suggested as the possible cause for EMF .
Recent studies have defined the proteomic characteristics of the T cruzi ribosomal P protein-C-termini involved in mediating auto-immunity against Beta1-adrenergic receptors of the heart in Chagas disease .
This study aimed to investigate the similarity of C-termini of TcP0/TcP2beta to sequences and molecules of several plants , microbial , viral and chemical elements most prior thought to be possible causative agents for EMF .
METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS : Comparative Sequence alignments and phylogeny using the BLAST-P tool at the Swiss Institute of Biotechnology ( SIB ) revealed homologs of C-termini of TcP0 and TcP2beta among related proteins from several eukaryotes including the animals ( Homo sapiens , C elegans , D melanogaster ) , plants ( Arabidopsis thaliana , Zea mays , Glycina Max , Oryza sativa , Rhizopus oryzae ) and protozoa ( P falciparum , T gondii , Leishmania spp ) . The chemical formulae of the two Tcruzi ribosomal protein C-terminal peptides were found to be C ( 61 ) H ( 83 ) N ( 13 ) O ( 26 ) S ( 1 ) and C ( 64 ) H ( 87 ) N ( 13 ) O ( 28 ) S ( 1 ) respectively by Protparam .
Both peptides are heavily negatively charged .
Constitutively , both auto-antigens predominantly contain Asparagine ( D ) , Glycine ( G ) and Phenylamine ( F ) , with a balanced Leucine ( L ) and Methionine ( M ) percent composition of 7 . 7% .
The afore going composition , found to be non-homologous to all molecules of chemical species in the databases searched , suggests the possible role of a metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis of EMF if aligned with our "molecular mimicry" hypothesis .
CONCLUSIONS : Our findings provide a "window" to suggest that cross reactivity of antibodies against C-terminal sequences of several animal , plant and protozoal ribosomal P proteins with heart it issue may mediate EMF in a similar manner as C termini of T cruzi do for Chagas disease .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: As is the case that molecular mimicry between the acidic termini of Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P0 , P1 and P2beta ( or simply TcP0 , TcP1 , and TcP2beta ) proteins and myocardial it issue causes Chagas disease , excessive exposure to certain infections , toxins including cassava ones , allergy and malnutrition has been suggested as the possible cause for EMF .
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| Title: Chapter 30 : historical aspects of the major neurological vitamin deficiency disorders : the water-soluble B vitamins .
| | Author: Lanska DJ | | Journal: Handb Clin Neurol Citation: V : 95 P : 445-76 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19892133 Accession (PMID): 19892133 | | Abstract: This historical review addresses major neurological disorders associated with deficiencies of water-soluble B vitamins : beriberi , Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome , pellagra , neural tube defects , and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord .
Beriberi : Beriberi was known for millennia in Asia , but was not described by a European until the 17th century when Brontius in the Dutch East Indies reported the progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy .
The prevalence of beriberi increased greatly in Asia with a change in the milling process for rice in the late 19th century .
In the 1880s , Takaki demonstrated the benefits of dietary modification in sailors , and later instituted dietary reforms in the Japanese Navy , which largely eradicated beriberi from the Japanese Navy by 1887 .
In 1889 Eijkman in Java serendipitously identified dietary factors as a major contributor to "chicken polyneuritis , " which he took to be an animal model for beriberi ; the polyneuritis could be cured or prevented by feeding the chickens either unpolished rice or rice polishings .
By 1901 , Grijns , while continuing studies of beriberi in Java , suggested a dietary deficiency explanation for beriberi after systematically eliminating deficiencies of known dietary components and excluding a toxic effect .
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome : In the late 1870s , Wernicke identified a clinicopathological condition with ophthalmoparesis , nystagmus , ataxia , and encephalopathy , associated with punctate hemorrhages symmetrically arranged in the grey matter around the third and fourth ventricles and the aqueduct of Sylvius .
In the late 1880s , Korsakoff described a spectrum of cognitive disorders , including a confabulatory amnestic state following an agitated delirium , occurring in conjunction with peripheral polyneuropathy .
Beginning around 1900 , investigators recognized the close relationship between Korsakoffs psychosis , delirium tremens , and Wernickes encephalopathy , but not until several decades later were Wernickes encephalopathy , Korsakoffs psychosis , and beriberi all linked to the deficiency of a specific dietary factor , ie thiamin .
Thiamin : Thiamin was crystallized from rice polishings by Jansen and Donath in 1926 , and synthesized by Williams and Cline in 1936 .
In the late 1930s and early 1940s , characteristic pathological changes of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome were produced in animal models , the biochemical roles of thiamin in intermediary carbohydrate metabolism were elaborated by Peters and others , and the therapeutic benefits of thiamin for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and beriberi were demonstrated .
By the 1950s synthetic forms of the vitamin were produced cheaply , allowing both therapeutic administration and prevention with food enrichment .
Pellagra and niacin : Pellagra was unknown prior to the introduction of maize into Europe from the New World .
In the 18th century , Casal and Frapolli described the clinical features of pellagra in Europe , and linked it with poverty and subsistence on nutritionally marginal corn-based diets .
In the United States , pellagra became epidemic among poor Southerners in the early 20th century , in part because of economically-driven reliance on monotonous , nutritionally inadequate diets , combined with new manufacturing methods that removed vitamins from processed grain .
From 1914-1929 , Goldberger completed well-designed epidemiologic investigations , tested theories with human experiments , and utilized an animal model ( "black tongue" in dogs ) - all strongly supporting a dietary deficiency explanation for pellagra over prevailing toxic and infectious theories .
Initial prevention and treatment approaches proved inadequate because of complex social issues linked to poverty , even after Goldberger and colleagues established that dried brewers yeast could cure or prevent pellagra less expensively than dietary modification .
During the depression , the collapse of cotton as an economically viable crop facilitated crop diversification , which contributed to an abrupt decline in pellagra mortality in the early 1930s .
In 1937 Elvehjem isolated the P-P ( pellagra preventive ) factor , identified it as nicotinic acid ( niacin ) , and demonstrated that nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid amide cure black tongue in dogs .
Although clinical trials soon confirmed dramatic therapeutic effects in individual people , therapeutic administration of niacin had relatively little impact on population-level morbidity and mortality .
Vitamin fortification of foodstuffs during World War II ultimately eradicated endemic pellagra in the United States .
In the 1940s and 1950s , with expanded biochemical knowledge , pellagra was reformulated as a deficiency disease due to inadequate niacin and its amino acid precursor tryptophan .
Neural tube defects and folate : Folate deficiency was initially recognized clinically as a macrocytic anemia in the 1920s , and only clearly separated from pernicious anemia by the mid-20th century .
When folic acid was isolated and synthesized in the 1940s , it was shown to correct the macrocytic anemia associated with pernicious anemia , while the neurological manifestations progressed .
In the 1950s and 1960s , the biochemical role of folates in transferring single carbon units was elucidated .
Beginning in the 1960s , folate deficiency was increasingly recognized as the major cause of preventable neural tube defects .
In the early 1990s well-designed randomized trials established that folate supplementation could prevent neural tube defects .
Trial data , collectively indicating that periconceptual folate administration reduces both the occurrence and recurrence risks of neural tube defects by at least 70% , helped establish governmental recommendations concerning folic acid intake and health policy concerning vitamin fortification of foodstuffs .
When dietary modification and supplementation strategies proved inadequate , folic acid food fortification was legally mandated in the US in the late 1990s , which significantly improved population folate status and produced an abrupt decline ( 20%-27% ) in the prevalence of neural tube defects at birth .
Recent studies have established genetic predispositions for neural tube defects , including both infant and maternal gene polymorphisms for enzymes involved in folate-dependent homocysteine metabolism , which help explain how the genotype of the mother , the genotype of the unborn child , and environmental factors ( eg folate intake ) can all impact on the risk of neural tube defects .
Subacute combined degeneration and B ( 12 ) deficiency : Pernicious anemia was recognized clinically in the mid-19th century by Addison , but the most important neurological manifestation - subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord - was not recognized clinically and linked with pernicious anemia until the end of the 19th century , particularly by Lichtheim , Putnam , and Dana .
At the beginning of the 20th century , pernicious anemia and the associated subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord were considered , by many investigators , to result from infectious or toxic causes .
During the first quarter of the 20th century , various therapies were employed , but , with the possible exception of transfusion , were largely ineffective .
In the 1920s , Minot and Murphy showed that large quantities of ingested liver could be used to effectively treat pernicious anemia , and specifically could improve or prevent progression of neurological manifestations , and could extend life expectancy beyond 2 years .
Beginning in the late 1920s , Castle demonstrated that a substance elaborated by the gastric mucosa ( "intrinsic factor" ) was essential for the absorption of a dietary factor ( "extrinsic factor , " later shown to be vitamin B ( 12 ) ) needed to prevent pernicious anemia .
Over two decades , from the late 1920s until the late 1940s , increasingly potent liver extracts were manufactured that could be given either intramuscularly or intravenously .
In 1947 , vitamin B ( 12 ) was isolated by Folkers and colleagues , and nearly simultaneously by Smith .
Shortly thereafter the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin B ( 12 ) on subacute combined degeneration was demonstrated by West and Reisner and others .
By 1955 , Hodgkin determined the molecular structure of cyanocobalamin using computer-assisted x-ray crystallography , allowing complete chemical synthesis of vitamin B ( 12 ) in 1960 by an international consortium .
Beginning in the late 1950s , the absorption and biochemistry of vitamin B ( 12 ) were elaborated , and several lines of evidence converged to upport an autoimmune basis for pernicious anemia .
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[ Sen. 22, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the 1940s and 1950s , with expanded biochemical knowledge , pellagra was reformulated as a deficiency disease due to inadequate niacin and its amino acid precursor tryptophan .
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| Title: Manipulation of amino acid composition in soybean seeds by the combination of deregulated tryptophan biosynthesis and storage protein deficiency .
| | Author: Kita Y Nakamoto Y Takahashi M Kitamura K Wakasa K Ishimoto M | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 29 P : 87-95 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub19943163 Accession (PMID): 19943163 | | Abstract: The ability of genetic manipulation to yield greatly increased concentrations of free amino acids ( FAAs ) in seeds of soybean was evaluated by introduction of a feedback-insensitive mutant enzyme of tryptophan ( Trp ) biosynthesis into two transformation-competent breeding lines deficient in major seed storage proteins .
The storage protein-deficient lines exhibited increased accumulation of certain other seed proteins as well as of FAAs including arginine ( Arg ) and asparagine in mature seeds .
Introduction of the gene for a feedback-insensitive mutant of an alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase ( OASA1D ) into the two high-FAA breeding lines by particle bombardment resulted in a >10-fold increase in the level of free Trp in mature seeds compared with that in nontransgenic seeds .
The amount of free Trp in these transgenic seeds was similar to that in OASA1D transgenic seeds of the wild-type cultivar Jack .
The composition of total amino acids in seeds of the high-FAA breeding lines remained largely unaffected by the expression of OASA1D with the exception of an increase in the total Trp content .
Our results therefore indicate that the extra nitrogen resource originating from storage protein deficiency was used exclusively for the synthesis of inherent alternative nitrogen reservoirs such as free Arg and not for deregulated Trp biosynthesis conferred by OASA1D .
The intrinsic null mutations responsible for storage protein deficiency and the OASA1D transgene affecting Trp content were thus successfully combined and showed additive effects on the amino acid composition of soybean seeds .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The ability of genetic manipulation to yield greatly increased concentrations of free amino acids ( FAAs ) in seeds of soybean was evaluated by introduction of a feedback-insensitive mutant enzyme of tryptophan ( Trp ) biosynthesis into two transformation-competent breeding lines deficient in major seed storage proteins .
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| Title: Identification and characterization of Bph14 , a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice .
| | Author: Du B Zhang W Liu B Hu J Wei Z Shi Z He R Zhu L Chen R Han B He G | | Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Citation: V : 106 P : 22163-22168 Year: 2009 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20018701 Accession (PMID): 20018701 | | Abstract: Planthoppers are highly destructive pests in crop production worldwide .
Brown planthopper ( BPH ) causes the most serious damage of the rice crop globally among all rice pests .
Growing resistant varieties is the most effective and environment-friendly strategy for protecting the crop from BPH .
More than 19 BPH-resistance genes have been reported and used to various extents in rice breeding and production .
In this study , we cloned Bph14 , a gene conferring resistance to BPH at seedling and maturity stages of the rice plant , using a map-base cloning approach .
We show that Bph14 encodes a coiled-coil , nucleotide-binding , and leucine-rich repeat ( CC-NB-LRR ) protein .
Sequence comparison indicates that Bph14 carries a unique LRR domain that might function in recognition of the BPH insect invasion and activating the defense response .
Bph14 is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles , the site of BPH feeding .
Expression of Bph14 activates the salicylic acid signaling pathway and induces callose deposition in phloem cells and trypsin inhibitor production after planthopper infestation , thus reducing the feeding , growth rate , and longevity of the BPH insects .
Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rice defense against insects and facilitates the development of resistant varieties to control this devastating insect .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Expression of Bph14 activates the salicylic acid signaling pathway and induces callose deposition in phloem cells and trypsin inhibitor production after planthopper infestation , thus reducing the feeding , growth rate , and longevity of the BPH insects .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of receptor proteins using affinity cross-linking with biotinylated ligands .
| | Author: Shinya T Osada T Desaki Y Hatamoto M Yamanaka Y Hirano H Takai R Che FS Kaku H Shibuya N | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 51 P : 262-70 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20032208 Accession (PMID): 20032208 | | Abstract: The plant genome encodes a wide range of receptor-like proteins but the function of most of these proteins is unknown .
We propose the use of affinity cross-linking of biotinylated ligands for a ligand-based survey of the corresponding receptor molecules .
Biotinylated ligands not only enable the analysis of receptor-ligand interactions without the use of radioactive compounds but also the isolation and identification of receptor molecules by a simple affinity trapping method .
We successfully applied this method for the characterization , isolation and identification of the chitin elicitor binding protein ( CEBiP ) .
A biocytin hydrazide conjugate of N-acetylchitooctaose ( GN8-Bio ) was synthesized and used for the detection of CEBiP in the plasma or microsomal membrane preparations from rice and carrot cells .
Binding characteristics of CEBiP analyzed by inhibition studies were in good agreement with the previous results obtained with the use of a radiolabeled ligand .
The biotin-tagged CEBiP could be purified by avidin affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MALDI-MS/MS after tryptic digestion .
We also used this method to detect OsFLS2 , a rice receptor-like kinase for the perception of the peptide elicitor flg22 , in membrane preparations from rice cells overexpressing OsFLS2 .
This work demonstrates the applicability of this method to the purification and identification of plant receptor proteins .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The biotin-tagged CEBiP could be purified by avidin affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MALDI-MS/MS after tryptic digestion .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Complete genomic structure of the cultivated rice endophyte Azospirillum sp .
B510 .
| | Author: Kaneko T Minamisawa K Isawa T Nakatsukasa H Mitsui H Kawaharada Y Nakamura Y Watanabe A Kawashima K Ono A Shimizu Y Takahashi C Minami C Fujishiro T Kohara M Katoh M Nakazaki N Nakayama S Yamada M Tabata S Sato S | | Journal: DNA Res Citation: V : 17 P : 37-50 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20047946 Accession (PMID): 20047946 | | Abstract: We determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of a diazotrophic endophyte , Azospirillum sp .
B510 .
Strain B510 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from stems of rice plants ( Oryza sativa cv .
Nipponbare ) .
The genome of B510 consisted of a single chromosome ( 3 , 311 , 395 bp ) and six plasmids , designated as pAB510a ( 1 , 455 , 109 bp ) , pAB510b ( 723 , 779 bp ) , pAB510c ( 681 , 723 bp ) , pAB510d ( 628 , 837 bp ) , pAB510e ( 537 , 299 bp ) , and pAB510f ( 261 , 596 bp ) .
The chromosome bears 2893 potential protein-encoding genes , two sets of rRNA gene clusters ( rrns ) , and 45 tRNA genes representing 37 tRNA species .
The genomes of the six plasmids contained a total of 3416 protein-encoding genes , seven sets of rrns , and 34 tRNAs representing 19 tRNA species .
Eight genes for plasmid-specific tRNA species are located on either pAB510a or pAB510d .
Two out of eight genomic islands are inserted in the plasmids , pAB510b and pAB510e , and one of the islands is inserted into trnfM-CAU in the rrn located on pAB510e .
Genes other than the nif gene cluster that are involved in N ( 2 ) fixation and are homologues of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 include fixABCX , fixNOQP , fixHIS , fixG , and fixLJK .
Three putative plant hormone-related genes encoding tryptophan 2-monooxytenase ( iaaM ) and indole-3-acetaldehyde hydrolase ( iaaH ) , which are involved in IAA biosynthesis , and ACC deaminase ( acdS ) , which reduces ethylene levels , were identified .
Multiple gene-clusters for tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic-transport systems and a diverse set of malic enzymes were identified , suggesting that B510 utilizes C ( 4 ) -dicarboxylate during its symbiotic relationship with the host plant .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three putative plant hormone-related genes encoding tryptophan 2-monooxytenase ( iaaM ) and indole-3-acetaldehyde hydrolase ( iaaH ) , which are involved in IAA biosynthesis , and ACC deaminase ( acdS ) , which reduces ethylene levels , were identified .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Digestion rate of dietary starch affects systemic circulation of amino acids in weaned pigs .
| | Author: Yin F Zhang Z Huang J Yin Y | | Journal: Br J Nutr Citation: V : 103 P : 1404-12 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20102672 Accession (PMID): 20102672 | | Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of dietary starch and its digestive behaviour on the systemic circulating amino acids ( AA ) in weaned pigs .
Eighteen weanling pigs surgically fitted with a catheter in the jugular vein were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups .
Sticky rice starch ( SRS ) was hydrolysed more quickly in vitro ( P < 0 . 05 ) than maize starch ( MS ) and resistant starch ( RS ) , and was almost completely hydrolysed within 4 h .
The in vivo digestibility of dietary starch in different segments of the small intestine was significantly different .
SRS was digested ( 81 . 9 % ; P < 0 . 05 ) in the anterior jejunum , but not more than half of the MS and RS was digested in the same segment of the small intestine .
The digestibilities of isoleucine , leucine , methionine , phenylalanine , threonine , tryptophan , valine , alanine , aspartate and serine in the SRS group were higher than in the MS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and all nutritionally indispensable and dispensable AA in the SRS group were higher when compared with those in the RS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
The serum concentrations of nutritionally indispensable AA , proline and serine in the three groups were increased to a peak point within 1 . 5 h postprandially then decreased gradually ; however , the time that serum concentrations of alanine , aspartate , glutamate and glycine in each group increased to a peak point was different .
The concentrations of nutritionally indispensable AA , including arginine , cystine , histidine , isoleucine , leucine , methionine , phenylalanine , threonine , tryptophan , tyrosine and valine at 09 . 30 hours and arginine , cystine , histidine , isoleucine , methionine , phenylalanine , threonine , tryptophan , tyrosine and valine at 13 . 30 hours in the SRS group were higher than in the MS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; all nutritionally indispensable AA in the SRS group were higher than in the RS group at 09 . 30 and 13 . 30 hours ( P < 0 . 05 ) , respectively .
We conclude that dietary starches digested rapidly in vitro have higher digestibility in the anterior small intestine of pigs .
Diets containing rapidly digestible starch ameliorate the digestive and absorptive function and regulate AA metabolism to beneficially increase the entry of dietary AA into the systemic circulation in pigs .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 2.00 ]: The concentrations of nutritionally indispensable AA , including arginine , cystine , histidine , isoleucine , leucine , methionine , phenylalanine , threonine , tryptophan , tyrosine and valine at 09 . 30 hours and arginine , cystine , histidine , isoleucine , methionine , phenylalanine , threonine , tryptophan , tyrosine and valine at 13 . 30 hours in the SRS group were higher than in the MS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; all nutritionally indispensable AA in the SRS group were higher than in the RS group at 09 . 30 and 13 . 30 hours ( P < 0 . 05 ) , respectively .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The digestibilities of isoleucine , leucine , methionine , phenylalanine , threonine , tryptophan , valine , alanine , aspartate and serine in the SRS group were higher than in the MS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and all nutritionally indispensable and dispensable AA in the SRS group were higher when compared with those in the RS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: An arginyl residue in rice UDP-arabinopyranose mutase is required for catalytic activity and autoglycosylation .
| | Author: Konishi T Ohnishi-Kameyama M Funane K Miyazaki Y Konishi T Ishii T | | Journal: Carbohydr Res Citation: V : 345 P : 787-91 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20149347 Accession (PMID): 20149347 | | Abstract: Plants use UDP-arabinofuranose ( UDP-Araf ) to donate Araf residues in the biosynthesis of Araf-containing complex carbohydrates .
UDP-Araf itself is formed from UDP-arabinopyranose ( UDP-Arap ) by UDP-arabinopyranose mutase ( UAM ) .
However , the mechanism by which this enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-Arap and UDP-Araf has not been determined .
To gain insight into this reaction , functionally recombinant rUAMs were reacted with UDP-Glc or UDP-Araf .
The glycosylated recombinant UAMs were fragmented with trypsin , and the glycopeptides formed were then identified and sequenced by LC-MS/MS .
The results of these experiments , together with site-directed mutagenesis studies , suggest that in functional UAMs an arginyl residue is reversibly glycosylated with a single glycosyl residue , and that this residue is required for mutase activity .
We also provide evidence that a DXD motif is required for catalytic activity .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The glycosylated recombinant UAMs were fragmented with trypsin , and the glycopeptides formed were then identified and sequenced by LC-MS/MS .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Sekiguchi lesion gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes conversion of tryptamine to serotonin in rice .
| | Author: Fujiwara T Maisonneuve S Isshiki M Mizutani M Chen L Wong HL Kawasaki T Shimamoto K | | Journal: J Biol Chem Citation: V : 285 P : 11308-13 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20150424 Accession (PMID): 20150424 | | Abstract: Serotonin is a well known neurotransmitter in mammals and plays an important role in various mental functions in humans .
In plants , the serotonin biosynthesis pathway and its function are not well understood .
The rice sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) mutants accumulate tryptamine , a candidate substrate for serotonin biosynthesis .
We isolated the SL gene by map-based cloning and found that it encodes CYP71P1 in a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family .
A recombinant SL protein exhibited tryptamine 5-hydroxylase enzyme activity and catalyzed the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin .
This pathway is novel and has not been reported in mammals .
Expression of SL was induced by the N-acetylchitooligosaccharide ( chitin ) elicitor and by infection with Magnaporthe grisea , a causal agent for rice blast disease .
Exogenously applied serotonin induced defense gene expression and cell death in rice suspension cultures and increased resistance to rice blast infection in plants .
We also found that serotonin-induced defense gene expression is mediated by the RacGTPase pathway and by the G alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein .
These results suggest that serotonin plays an important role in rice innate immunity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: A recombinant SL protein exhibited tryptamine 5-hydroxylase enzyme activity and catalyzed the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) mutants accumulate tryptamine , a candidate substrate for serotonin biosynthesis .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Light-induced activation of class II cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyases .
| | Author: Okafuji A Biskup T Hitomi K Getzoff ED Kaiser G Batschauer A Bacher A Hidema J Teranishi M Yamamoto K Schleicher E Weber S | | Journal: DNA Repair ( Amst ) Citation: V : 9 P : 495-505 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20227927 Accession (PMID): 20227927 | | Abstract: Light-induced activation of class II cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer ( CPD ) photolyases of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa has been examined by UV/Vis and pulsed Davies-type electron-nuclear double resonance ( ENDOR ) spectroscopy , and the results compared with structure-known class I enzymes , CPD photolyase and ( 6-4 ) photolyase .
By ENDOR spectroscopy , the local environment of the flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD ) cofactor is probed by virtue of proton hyperfine couplings that report on the electron-spin density at the positions of magnetic nuclei .
Despite the amino-acid sequence dissimilarity as compared to class I enzymes , the results indicate similar binding motifs for FAD in the class II photolyases .
Furthermore , the photoreduction kinetics starting from the FAD cofactor in the fully oxidized redox state , FAD ( ox ) , have been probed by UV/Vis spectroscopy .
In Escherichia coli ( class I ) CPD photolyase , light-induced generation of FADH from FAD ( ox ) , and subsequently FADH ( - ) from FADH , proceeds in a step-wise fashion via a chain of tryptophan residues .
These tryptophans are well conserved among the sequences and within all known structures of class I photolyases , but completely lacking from the equivalent positions of class II photolyase sequences .
Nevertheless , class II photolyases show photoreduction kinetics similar to those of the class I enzymes .
We propose that a different , but also effective , electron-transfer cascade is conserved among the class II photolyases .
The existence of such electron transfer pathways is supported by the observation that the catalytically active fully reduced flavin state obtained by photoreduction is maintained even under oxidative conditions in all three classes of enzymes studied in this contribution .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In Escherichia coli ( class I ) CPD photolyase , light-induced generation of FADH from FAD ( ox ) , and subsequently FADH ( - ) from FADH , proceeds in a step-wise fashion via a chain of tryptophan residues .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: These tryptophans are well conserved among the sequences and within all known structures of class I photolyases , but completely lacking from the equivalent positions of class II photolyase sequences .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Auxin biosynthesis inhibitors , identified by a genomics-based approach , provide insights into auxin biosynthesis .
| | Author: Soeno K Goda H Ishii T Ogura T Tachikawa T Sasaki E Yoshida S Fujioka S Asami T Shimada Y | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 51 P : 524-36 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20234049 Accession (PMID): 20234049 | | Abstract: Despite its importance in plant growth and development , the auxin biosynthetic pathway has remained elusive .
In this study , we analyzed hormone series transcriptome data from AtGenExpress in Arabidopsis and found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine ( AVG ) had the strongest anti-auxin activity .
We also identified other effective compounds such as L-amino-oxyphenylpropionic acid ( AOPP ) through additional screening .
These inhibitors shared characteristics in that they inhibited pyridoxal enzymes and/or aminotransferases .
They reduced endogenous IAA levels in both monocots and dicots .
L-AOPP inhibited root development of Arabidopsis in main root elongation , gravitropism , root skewing and root hair formation .
This inhibition was generally recovered after exogenous IAA treatment , and the recovery was almost completely to the level of non-inhibited seedlings .
The compounds inhibited conversion from tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid in enzyme extracts from Arabidopsis and wheat .
Our data collectively suggest that the inhibitors directly blocked auxin biosynthesis , and that the major target site was tryptophan aminotransferase .
This enzyme probably makes up one of the major biosynthesis pathways conserved among higher plants .
Each inhibitor , however , demonstrated a different action spectrum in shoot and root of rice and tomato , indicating diversity in biosynthesis pathways between organs and species .
Our results provide novel insights into auxin biosynthesis and action , and uncover structural characteristics of auxin biosynthesis inhibitors .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The compounds inhibited conversion from tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid in enzyme extracts from Arabidopsis and wheat .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Our data collectively suggest that the inhibitors directly blocked auxin biosynthesis , and that the major target site was tryptophan aminotransferase .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: cDNA cloning , heterogeneous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease from Nilaparvata lugens .
| | Author: Yang Z Xia X Wang X He G | | Journal: Z Naturforsch C Citation: V : 65 P : 109-18 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20355330 Accession (PMID): 20355330 | | Abstract: A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) strategy was used to clone diverse trypsin-like protease gene transcripts from midguts of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
Six individual trypsin-like protease transcripts were identified .
On the basis of one nucleotide sequence of the six clones , a full-length cDNA sequence ( 1902 bp ) was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends ( RACE ) .
The cDNA contained an 1128-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 375 amino acids with typical features of the trypsin-like protease .
Heterogeneous expression of the coding sequence for the mature peptide in Escherichia coli cells showed that the expressed protease with a molecular weight of 27 . 0 is active , for its BApNAse activity assayed by using BApNA ( N-benzoyl-D , L-arginine-p-nitroanilide ) as substrate .
The protease had its maximum activity at pH 8 . 0 and 35 degrees C A much better stability was observed at pH values above 4 . 0 and temperatures below 40 degrees C The enzyme was strongly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor .
The trypsin-like protease is therefore likely one of the major digestive proteases responsible for protein hydrolysis in N lugens gut , and multiple gene families encoding digestive proteases may help in adaptation of this sap-sucker to different rice varieties .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) strategy was used to clone diverse trypsin-like protease gene transcripts from midguts of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Six individual trypsin-like protease transcripts were identified .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cDNA contained an 1128-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 375 amino acids with typical features of the trypsin-like protease .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The trypsin-like protease is therefore likely one of the major digestive proteases responsible for protein hydrolysis in N lugens gut , and multiple gene families encoding digestive proteases may help in adaptation of this sap-sucker to different rice varieties .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Infestation of peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms by Rhodnius stali , a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Alto Beni , Bolivia .
| | Author: Justi SA Noireau F Cortez MR Monteiro FA | | Journal: Trop Med Int Health Citation: V : 15 P : 727-32 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20374565 Accession (PMID): 20374565 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : To determine ( i ) whether peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms in fragmented human-occupied areas of the Alto Beni , Bolivia , are infested by triatomines ; ( ii ) the specific status of triatomines captured in the area ; and ( iii ) the rate of natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection among those triatomines .
METHODS : One hundred and twenty-five live-bait traps were used to sample 47 A phalerata palms in three Alto Beni localities .
Active search for vectors was also performed in 10 chicken coops and three rice storage units .
Only Rhodnius specimens were found .
As nymphs of closely related Rhodnius species are morphologically undistinguishable , and because of controversy in the literature regarding which Rhodnius species occur in Bolivia , collected insects were identified through molecular taxonomy .
Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences obtained for a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and for the nuclear ITS-2 ribosomal region were used as molecular markers .
Natural infection rates were determined using a pair of primers that PCR-amplify a 330-bp fragment of the parasites kDNA .
RESULTS : Twelve nymphs were captured in five A phalerata palms ( from two of the three localities studied ) , and an adult was collected from a chicken coop in Iniqua ( and morphologically identified as Rhodnius stali ) .
All nymphs ( as well as the adult ) were molecularly identified as R stali based on the two molecular markers used .
A single nymph was found to be infected with T cruzi .
CONCLUSIONS : Attalea phalerata palms represent an important sylvatic ecotope occupied by R stali in the Alto Beni region of Bolivia , where there are signs of T cruzi transmission to humans , despite the preliminary indication of low level of natural infection of the vectors .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: OBJECTIVES : To determine ( i ) whether peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms in fragmented human-occupied areas of the Alto Beni , Bolivia , are infested by triatomines ; ( ii ) the specific status of triatomines captured in the area ; and ( iii ) the rate of natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection among those triatomines .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of different sources of dietary non-starch polysaccharides on the growth performance , development of digestive tract and activities of pancreatic enzymes in goslings .
| | Author: Lin PH Shih BL Hsu JC | | Journal: Br Poult Sci Citation: V : 51 P : 270-7 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20461588 Accession (PMID): 20461588 | | Abstract: 1 .
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of dietary non-starch polysaccharides ( NSP ) on growth performance , development of gastrointestinal tract , and activities of pancreatic enzymes in goslings from 0 to 21 d of age .
2 .
A total of 100 one-day-old White Roman female goslings were selected and randomly divided into 5 dietary treatment groups .
Each group had 4 replicate cages ( 100 x 60 x 58 cm ) of 5 goslings .
Goslings in each group were given one of 5 isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi-purified diets .
Experimental diets were designed to contain 90 g/kg of different sources of dietary NSP from maize ( control ) , barley hull , rice bran , wheat bran , or pectin , respectively , and 97 . 4 g/kg NSP were supplied by soybean meal 3 .
The goslings receiving the pectin diet had significantly higher viscosity in intestinal digesta than the other treatment diets .
However , the daily feed intake , daily weight gain , and feed conversion ratio of goslings in the pectin group were significantly lower than those given the other diets .
4 .
The relative weights of proventriculus , gizzard , liver and pancreas , as well as the relative weights and lengths of various intestinal segments in the goslings that received the pectin diet , were significantly higher than those receiving the other diets .
The specific activities ( SA ) of amylase , lipase , trypsin , and chymotrypsin in the pancreatic it issue of goslings in the pectin group were significantly lower than those in the other groups .
5 .
Goslings given a soluble NSP source ( pectin ) diet tended to exhibit inhibited growth and decreased activity of pancreatic enzymes .
However , compared with maize , the inclusion of insoluble NSP sources from barley hull , rice bran , and wheat bran did not negatively affect growth and also were not significantly different among the treatment diets .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 12, subscore: 1.00 ]: The specific activities ( SA ) of amylase , lipase , trypsin , and chymotrypsin in the pancreatic it issue of goslings in the pectin group were significantly lower than those in the other groups .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Screening and optimization of indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization from rhizobacteria aimed at improving plant growth .
| | Author: Chaiharn M Lumyong S | | Journal: Curr Microbiol Citation: V : 62 P : 173-81 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20552360 Accession (PMID): 20552360 | | Abstract: A total of 216 bacterial strains were isolated from rice rhizospheric soils in Northern Thailand .
The bacterial strains were initially tested for solubilization of inorganic phosphate , indole acetic acid ( IAA ) production , selected strains were then tested for optimized conditions for IAA production and whether these caused stimulatory effects on bean and maize seedling growth .
It was found that all strains had solubilized inorganic phosphate ( P ) , but only 18 . 05% produced IAA .
The best IAA producer was identified by biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Klebsiella SN 1 . 1 .
In addition to being the best IAA producer , this strain was a high P-solubilizer and produced the highest amount of IAA ( 291 . 97 +/- 0 . 19 ppm ) in culture media supplemented with L-tryptophan .
The maximum production of IAA was achieved after 9 days of incubation .
The culture requirements were optimized for maximum IAA production .
The tested of IAA production by selected isolates was studied in a medium with 0 , 0 . 1 , 0 . 2 , 0 . 5 , 0 . 7 , and 0 . 9% ( v/v ) L-tryptophan .
Low levels ( 12 . 6 ppm ) of IAA production was recorded without tryptophan addition .
Production of IAA in Klebsiella SN 1 . 1 increased with an increase to 0 . 2% ( v/v ) tryptophan concentration .
The production of IAA was further confirmed by extraction of crude IAA from this isolate and subsequent Thin Layer Chromatography ( TLC ) analysis .
A specific spot from the extracted IAA production was found to correspond with a standard spot of IAA with the same R ( f ) value .
The Klebsiella strain SN 1 . 1 also demonstrated stimulatory effects on bean seedlings in vivo .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Low levels ( 12 . 6 ppm ) of IAA production was recorded without tryptophan addition .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Production of IAA in Klebsiella SN 1 . 1 increased with an increase to 0 . 2% ( v/v ) tryptophan concentration .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant Oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by Escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol .
| | Author: Giordano PC Martinez HD Iglesias AA Beccaria AJ Goicoechea HC | | Journal: Bioresour Technol Citation: V : 101 P : 7537-7544 Year: 2010 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20576568 Accession (PMID): 20576568 | | Abstract: Production of recombinant Oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 ( OsHb1 ) by Escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone , yeast extract , sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production .
Response surface methodology ( RSM ) and artificial neural networks ( ANNs ) , followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of OsHb1 produced .
The results obtained by the application of ANNs were more reliable since better statistical parameters were obtained .
The optimal conditions were ( gL ( -1 ) ) , tryptone , 42 . 69 ; yeast extract , 20 . 11 ; sodium chloride , 17 . 77 ; and byproduct glycerol , 0 . 33 .
A maximum recombinant protein concentration of 3 . 50gL ( -1 ) and a minimum biomass concentration of 18 . 48gL ( -1 ) were obtained under these conditions .
Although the concentrations of tryptone , yeast extract and sodium chloride are relatively high , the increase in the yield with respect to biomass formed ( Y ( P/X ) ) overcomes this disadvantage .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Production of recombinant Oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 ( OsHb1 ) by Escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone , yeast extract , sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The optimal conditions were ( gL ( -1 ) ) , tryptone , 42 . 69 ; yeast extract , 20 . 11 ; sodium chloride , 17 . 77 ; and byproduct glycerol , 0 . 33 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the concentrations of tryptone , yeast extract and sodium chloride are relatively high , the increase in the yield with respect to biomass formed ( Y ( P/X ) ) overcomes this disadvantage .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant Oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by Escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol .
| | Author: Giordano PC Martinez HD Iglesias AA Beccaria AJ Goicoechea HC | | Journal: Bioresour Technol Citation: V : 101 P : 7537-44 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20578289 Accession (PMID): 20578289 | | Abstract: Production of recombinant Oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 ( OsHb1 ) by Escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone , yeast extract , sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production .
Response surface methodology ( RSM ) and artificial neural networks ( ANNs ) , followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of OsHb1 produced .
The results obtained by the application of ANNs were more reliable since better statistical parameters were obtained .
The optimal conditions were ( g L ( -1 ) ) , tryptone , 42 . 69 ; yeast extract , 20 . 11 ; sodium chloride , 17 . 77 ; and byproduct glycerol , 0 . 33 .
A maximum recombinant protein concentration of 3 . 50 g L ( -1 ) and a minimum biomass concentration of 18 . 48 g L ( -1 ) were obtained under these conditions .
Although the concentrations of tryptone , yeast extract and sodium chloride are relatively high , the increase in the yield with respect to biomass formed ( Y ( P/X ) ) overcomes this disadvantage .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Production of recombinant Oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 ( OsHb1 ) by Escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone , yeast extract , sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The optimal conditions were ( g L ( -1 ) ) , tryptone , 42 . 69 ; yeast extract , 20 . 11 ; sodium chloride , 17 . 77 ; and byproduct glycerol , 0 . 33 .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Although the concentrations of tryptone , yeast extract and sodium chloride are relatively high , the increase in the yield with respect to biomass formed ( Y ( P/X ) ) overcomes this disadvantage .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Absence of domestic triatomine colonies in an area of the coastal region of Ecuador where Chagas disease is endemic .
| | Author: Grijalva MJ Palomeque FS Villacis AG Black CL Arcos-Teran L | | Journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Citation: V : 105 P : 677-81 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20835616 Accession (PMID): 20835616 | | Abstract: Rhodnius ecuadoriensis is considered the second most important vector of Chagas disease in Ecuador .
It is distributed across six of the 24 provinces and occupies intradomiciliary , peridomiciliary and sylvatic habitats .
This study was conducted in six communities within the coastal province of Guayas .
Triatomine searches were conducted in domestic and peridomestic habitats and bird nests using manual searches , live-bait traps and sensor boxes .
Synantrhopic mammals were captured in the domestic and peridomestic habitats .
Household searches ( n = 429 ) and randomly placed sensor boxes ( n = 360 ) produced no live triatomine adults or nymphs .
In contrast , eight nymphs were found in two out of six searched Campylorhynchus fasciatus ( Troglodytidae ) nests .
Finally , Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was amplified from the blood of 10% of the 115 examined mammals .
Environmental changes in land use ( intensive rice farming ) , mosquito control interventions and lack of intradomestic adaptation are suggested among the possible reasons for the lack of domestic triatomine colonies .
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[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Finally , Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was amplified from the blood of 10% of the 115 examined mammals .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Role of serotonin transporter inhibition in the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase in brainstem raphe nuclei : time course and regional specificity .
| | Author: MacGillivray L Lagrou LM Reynolds KB Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | | Journal: Neuroscience Citation: V : 171 P : 407-20 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20868730 Accession (PMID): 20868730 | | Abstract: Drugs that selectively inhibit the serotonin transporter ( SERT ) are widely prescribed for treatment of depression and a range of anxiety disorders .
We studied the time course of changes in tryptophan hydroxylase ( TPH ) in four raphe nuclei after initiation of two different SERT inhibitors , citalopram and fluoxetine .
In the first experiment , groups of Sprague-Dawley rats received daily meals of rice pudding either alone ( n=9 ) or mixed with citalopram 5 mg/kg/day ( n=27 ) .
Rats were sacrificed after 24 h , 7 days or 28 days of treatment .
Sections of dorsal raphe nucleus ( DRN ) , median raphe nucleus ( MRN ) , raphe magnus nucleus ( RMN ) and caudal linear nucleus ( CLN ) were processed for TPH immunohistochemistry .
Citalopram induced a significant reduction in DRN TPH-positive cell counts at 24 h ( 41% ) , 7 days ( 38% ) and 28 days ( 52% ) .
Similar reductions in TPH-positive cell counts were also observed at each timepoint in the MRN and in the RMN .
In the MRN , citalopram resulted in significant reductions at 24 h ( 26% ) , 7 days ( 16% ) and 28 days ( 23% ) .
In the RMN , citalopram induced significant reductions of TPH-positive cell counts at 24 h ( 45% ) , 7 days ( 34% ) and 28 days ( 43% ) .
By contrast , no significant differences between control and treatment groups were observed in the CLN at any of the time points that we studied .
To investigate whether these changes would occur with other SERT inhibitors , we conducted a second experiment , this time with a 28-day course of fluoxetine .
As was observed with citalopram , fluoxetine induced significant reductions of TPH cell counts in the DRN ( 39% ) , MRN ( 38% ) and RMN ( 41% ) , with no significant differences in the CLN .
These results indicate that SERT inhibition can alter the regulation of TPH , the rate limiting enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis .
This persistent and regionally specific downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis may account for some of the clinical withdrawal symptoms associated with drugs that inhibit SERT .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: We studied the time course of changes in tryptophan hydroxylase ( TPH ) in four raphe nuclei after initiation of two different SERT inhibitors , citalopram and fluoxetine .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Production of functional recombinant bovine trypsin in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures .
| | Author: Kim NS Yu HY Chung ND Shin YJ Kwon TH Yang MS | | Journal: Protein Expr Purif Citation: V : 76 P : 121-6 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub20951807 Accession (PMID): 20951807 | | Abstract: A synthetic bovine trypsinogen ( sbTrypsinogen ) was synthesized on the basis of rice-optimized codon usage via an overlap PCR strategy , prior to being expressed under the control of the sucrose starvation-inducible rice alpha-amylase 3D ( RAmy3D ) promoter .
Secretion of trypsin into the culture medium was achieved by using the existing signal peptide .
The plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli ( Oryza sativa L cv .
Dongjin ) , mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens .
The integration of the sbTrypsinogen gene into the chromosome of the transgenic rice callus was verified via genomic DNA PCR amplification , and sbTrypsin expression in transgenic rice suspension cells was confirmed via Northern blot analysis .
Western blot analysis detected glycosylated proteins in the culture medium , having masses from 24 to 26 kDa , following induction by sugar starvation .
Proteolytic activity of the rice-derived trypsin was confirmed by gelatin zymogram , and was similar to that of the commercial bovine-produced trypsin .
The yields of sbTrypsin that accumulated in the transgenic rice cell suspension medium were 15 mg/L at 5 days after sugar starvation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 2.00 ]: Proteolytic activity of the rice-derived trypsin was confirmed by gelatin zymogram , and was similar to that of the commercial bovine-produced trypsin .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A synthetic bovine trypsinogen ( sbTrypsinogen ) was synthesized on the basis of rice-optimized codon usage via an overlap PCR strategy , prior to being expressed under the control of the sucrose starvation-inducible rice alpha-amylase 3D ( RAmy3D ) promoter .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Secretion of trypsin into the culture medium was achieved by using the existing signal peptide .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Tryptophan boost caused by senescence occurred independently of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase .
| | Author: Park S Lee K Kang K Kim YS Lee S Kweon SJ Back K | | Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem Citation: V : 74 P : 2352-4 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21071852 Accession (PMID): 21071852 | | Abstract: We examined to determine whether senescence-induced tryptophan levels are positively associated with levels of glutamine synthetase ( GS1 ) , the initial enzyme in tryptophan biosynthesis .
We generated transgenic rice plants in which GS1 was suppressed by RNA interference technology .
The transgenic line showed a dramatic decrease in GS1 protein and glutamine content , but the levels of tryptophan and mRNA of the key tryptophan biosynthetic genes upon senescence were comparable to those of the wild type .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: We examined to determine whether senescence-induced tryptophan levels are positively associated with levels of glutamine synthetase ( GS1 ) , the initial enzyme in tryptophan biosynthesis .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The transgenic line showed a dramatic decrease in GS1 protein and glutamine content , but the levels of tryptophan and mRNA of the key tryptophan biosynthetic genes upon senescence were comparable to those of the wild type .
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Score: 10.00 |
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| Title: Probing the role of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in defense responses against Bipolaris oryzae infection in rice leaves by a suicide substrate of tryptophan decarboxylase .
| | Author: Ishihara A Nakao T Mashimo Y Murai M Ichimaru N Tanaka C Nakajima H Wakasa K Miyagawa H | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 72 P : 7-13 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21112065 Accession (PMID): 21112065 | | Abstract: Tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites , including serotonin and its hydroxycinnamic acid amides , markedly accumulate in rice leaves in response to pathogen attack .
These compounds have been implicated in the physical defense system against pathogen invasion by being deposited in cell walls .
Serotonin is biosynthesized from tryptophan via tryptamine , and tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) catalyzes the first committed reaction .
In this study , ( S ) -alpha- ( fluoromethyl ) tryptophan ( S-alphaFMT ) was utilized to investigate the effects of the inhibition of TDC on the defense responses of rice leaves .
S-alphaFMT , enantiospecifically synthesized from L-tryptophan , effectively inhibited TDC activity extracted from rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae .
The inhibition rate increased dependently on the incubation time , indicating that S-alphaFMT served as a suicide substrate .
Treatment of rice seedlings with S-alphaFMT suppressed accumulation of serotonin , tryptamine , and hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin in a dose-dependent manner in B oryzae-inoculated leaves .
The lesions formed on seedlings treated with S-alphaFMT lacked deposition of brown materials , and those leaves were severely damaged in comparison with leaves without S-alphaFMT treatment .
Administrating tryptamine to S-alphaFMT-treated leaves restored accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites as well as deposition of brown material In addition , tryptamine administration reduced damage caused by fungal infection .
Accordingly , the accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites was suggested to be part of the effective defense mechanism of rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: Serotonin is biosynthesized from tryptophan via tryptamine , and tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) catalyzes the first committed reaction .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Administrating tryptamine to S-alphaFMT-treated leaves restored accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites as well as deposition of brown material In addition , tryptamine administration reduced damage caused by fungal infection .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites , including serotonin and its hydroxycinnamic acid amides , markedly accumulate in rice leaves in response to pathogen attack .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this study , ( S ) -alpha- ( fluoromethyl ) tryptophan ( S-alphaFMT ) was utilized to investigate the effects of the inhibition of TDC on the defense responses of rice leaves .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Treatment of rice seedlings with S-alphaFMT suppressed accumulation of serotonin , tryptamine , and hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin in a dose-dependent manner in B oryzae-inoculated leaves .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: Accordingly , the accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites was suggested to be part of the effective defense mechanism of rice .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: B-esterase activities and blood cell morphology in the frog Leptodactylus chaquensis ( Amphibia : Leptodactylidae ) on rice agroecosystems from Santa Fe Province ( Argentina ) .
| | Author: Attademo AM Cabagna-Zenklusen M Lajmanovich RC Peltzer PM Junges C Basso A | | Journal: Ecotoxicology Citation: V : 20 P : 274-82 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21113795 Accession (PMID): 21113795 | | Abstract: Activity of B-esterases ( BChE : butyrylcholinesterase and CbE : carboxylesterase using two model substrates : alpha-naphthyl acetate and 4-nitrophenyl valerate ) in a native frog , Leptodactylus chaquensis from rice fields ( RF1 : methamidophos and RF2 : cypermethrin and endosulfan sprayed by aircraft ) and non-contaminated area ( pristine forest ) was measured .
The ability of pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride ( 2-PAM ) to reactivate BChE levels was also explored .
In addition , changes in blood cell morphology and parasite infection were determined .
Mean values of plasma BChE activities were lower in samples from the two rice fields than in those from the reference site .
CbE ( 4-nitrophenyl valerate ) levels varied in the three sites studied , being highest in RF1 .
Frog plasma from RF1 showed positive reactivation of BChE activity after incubation with 2-PAM .
Blood parameters of frogs from RF2 revealed morphological alterations ( anisochromasia and immature erythrocytes frequency ) .
Moreover , a major infection of protozoan Trypanosoma sp . in individuals from the two rice fields was detected .
We suggest that integrated use of several biomarkers ( BChE and CBEs , chemical reactivation of plasma with 2-PAM , and blood cell parameters ) may be a promising procedure for use in biomonitoring programmes to diagnose pesticide exposure of wild populations of this frog and other native anuran species in Argentina .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Moreover , a major infection of protozoan Trypanosoma sp . in individuals from the two rice fields was detected .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Isolation , purification and characterization of antifungal protein from rice endophytic bacterim Bacillus subtilis G87 ] .
| | Author: Chen X Li J Sun Q Tong Y Xu J | | Journal: Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao Citation: V : 50 P : 1353-7 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21141470 Accession (PMID): 21141470 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : In order to obtain the antagonistic protein of Bacillus subtilis G87 and definitude its characterization .
METHODS : Methods of ammonium sulfate precipitating and column chromatography analyzing were used to isolate and purify the protein .
RESULTS : A purified protein ( peak 6-2-1 ) was obtained which molecular weight was 50 . 8 kD by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric point was 5 . 90 by IEF-PAGE .
The antifungal protein contained 0 . 62% saccharide and some proline or hydroxyproline , but no lipid and aromatic amino acid .
The inhibitory activity of the antifungal protein would decreased distinctly at the higher temperature ( > or = 60 degrees C ) and in the condition of alkalinity ( pH > 8 ) , but tolerant to ultraviolet radiation , chloroform , trypsin , proteinase K and pepsin .
CONCLUSION : Antifungal protein of Bacillus subtilis G87 was a kind of glycoprotein without aromatic hydrocarbon .
It was sensitive to higher temperature and tight alkalinity but not to proteinase analog and ultraviolet radiation et al | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The inhibitory activity of the antifungal protein would decreased distinctly at the higher temperature ( > or = 60 degrees C ) and in the condition of alkalinity ( pH > 8 ) , but tolerant to ultraviolet radiation , chloroform , trypsin , proteinase K and pepsin .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: UV radiation-responsive proteins in rice leaves : a proteomic analysis .
| | Author: Du H Liang Y Pei K Ma K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 52 P : 306-16 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21172955 Accession (PMID): 21172955 | | Abstract: Depletion of stratospheric ozone has led to increased UV radiation reaching the surface of the Earth .
This may damage plants .
Using physiological , proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR ( qPCR ) methods , we systematically studied the response of 16-day-old rice seedlings to UV [ 0 . 67 W m ( -2 ) biologically effective UVB ( UVB ( BE ) ) and 0 . 28 W m ( -2 ) UVA ] exposure for 6 , 12 and 24 h .
UV exposure resulted in the appearance of light brown patches on leaves , a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) , lipid peroxidation , accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds ( including flavonoids and other phenolic pigments ) and differential expression of 22 proteins .
Both physiological and molecular responses became stronger with increasing UV exposure time , indicating the effects of UV accumulation on plants .
UV-induced responses included ( i ) phytohormone-regulative responses ( up-regulation of proteins related to phytohormone synthesis such as IAA and ethylene ) ; ( ii ) injurious responses ( photosynthesis suppression , lipid peroxidation and visible injury ) ; and ( iii ) protective responses ( accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds and differential expression of proteins involved in detoxification/antioxidation , defense , protein processing , RNA processing , carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolism ) .
The identification of UV-responsive proteins provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant responses to UV stress .
Proteomic and qPCR analysis identified one up-regulated and two induced proteins with important functions : tryptophan synthase alpha chain ( production of radical oxygen species ) , glyoxalase I ( detoxification/antioxidation ) and a Bet v I family protein ( defense ) .
These results will contribute to future research into their roles in UV stress responses in plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Proteomic and qPCR analysis identified one up-regulated and two induced proteins with important functions : tryptophan synthase alpha chain ( production of radical oxygen species ) , glyoxalase I ( detoxification/antioxidation ) and a Bet v I family protein ( defense ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Methanol is an endogenous elicitor molecule for the synthesis of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites upon senescence of detached rice leaves .
| | Author: Kang K Park S Natsagdorj U Kim YS Back K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 66 P : 247-57 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21205035 Accession (PMID): 21205035 | | Abstract: During senescence of detached rice leaves , tryptophan ( Trp ) and Trp-derived secondary metabolites such as serotonin and 4-coumaroylserotonin accumulated in concert with methanol ( MeOH ) production .
This senescence-induced MeOH induction was closely associated with levels of pectin methylesterase ( PME ) 1 mRNA and PME enzyme activity .
Exogenous challenge of detached rice leaves with 1% MeOH accelerated Trp and serotonin biosynthesis with induction of the corresponding genes .
No other solvents , including ethanol , resulted in a Trp-inducing effect .
This MeOH-induced Trp synthesis was positively regulated by abscisic acid but negatively regulated by cytokinin , suggesting hormonal involvement in the action of MeOH .
Endogenous overproduction or suppression of MeOH either by PME1 overexpression or RNA interference ( RNAi ) gene silencing revealed that PME1 overexpressing lines produced twofold higher Trp levels with elevated Trp biosynthetic gene expression , whereas RNAi lines showed twofold reduction in Trp level in healthy control rice leaves , suggesting that MeOH acts as an endogenous elicitor to enhance Trp biosynthesis .
Among many transcription factors induced following MeOH treatment , the WRKY family showed significant induction patterns , of which WRKY14 appeared to play a key regulatory role in MeOH-induced Trp and Trp-derived secondary metabolite biosynthesis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: During senescence of detached rice leaves , tryptophan ( Trp ) and Trp-derived secondary metabolites such as serotonin and 4-coumaroylserotonin accumulated in concert with methanol ( MeOH ) production .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic glutamine synthetase 1 ; 1 in coordinating metabolic balance in rice .
| | Author: Kusano M Tabuchi M Fukushima A Funayama K Diaz C Kobayashi M Hayashi N Tsuchiya YN Takahashi H Kamata A Yamaya T Saito K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 66 P : 456-66 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21255162 Accession (PMID): 21255162 | | Abstract: Rice plants grown in paddy fields preferentially use ammonium as a source of inorganic nitrogen .
Glutamine synthetase ( GS ) catalyses the conversion of ammonium to glutamine .
Of the three genes encoding cytosolic GS in rice , OsGS1 ; 1 is critical for normal growth and grain filling .
However , the basis of its physiological function that may alter the rate of nitrogen assimilation and carbon metabolism within the context of metabolic networks remains unclear .
To address this issue , we carried out quantitative comparative analyses between the metabolite profiles of a rice mutant lacking OsGS1 ; 1 and its background wild type ( WT ) .
The mutant plants exhibited severe retardation of shoot growth in the presence of ammonium compared with the WT .
Overaccumulation of free ammonium in the leaf sheath and roots of the mutant indicated the importance of OsGS1 ; 1 for ammonium assimilation in both organs .
The metabolite profiles of the mutant line revealed : ( i ) an imbalance in levels of sugars , amino acids and metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle , and ( ii ) overaccumulation of secondary metabolites , particularly in the roots under a continuous supply of ammonium .
Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between tryptamine and other primary metabolites in the roots .
These results demonstrated a crucial function of OsGS1 ; 1 in coordinating the global metabolic network in rice plants grown using ammonium as the nitrogen source .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between tryptamine and other primary metabolites in the roots .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Synergistic apoptotic effect of arabinoxylan rice bran ( MGN-3/Biobran ) and curcumin ( turmeric ) on human multiple myeloma cell line U266 in vitro .
| | Author: Ghoneum M Gollapudi S | | Journal: Neoplasma Citation: V : 58 P : 118-23 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21275460 Accession (PMID): 21275460 | | Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the synergistic apoptotic potential of arabinoxylan rice bran ( MGN-3/Biobran ) and curcumin ( turmeric ) on human multiple myeloma ( MM ) cell line U266 , in vitro .
U266 cells were cultured with MGN-3 ( 50 or 100mug/ml ) and curcumin ( 2 . 5-10muM ) for 3 days .
The effects of MGN-3 and curcumin on the growth and survival of the U266 cells were determined by trypan blue , MTT assay , flow cytometry analysis of cancer cell cycle , and apoptosis .
Expression of proapoptotic Bax , and antiapoptotic Bcl2 was determined by Western blot analysis .
Treatment with MGN-3 alone or curcumin alone caused a dose-dependent inhibition in the proliferation of U266 cells .
However , a synergistic effect was noticed post-treatment with both agents that maximized at 100mug/ml MGN-3 plus 10muM curcumin .
This synergy was characterized by an 87% decrease in cell number and a 2 . 6 fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic U266 cells .
Cell cycle analysis showed a 53% decrease in the percentage of cells in the G0-G1 phase treated with MGN-3 and curcumin ( from 36% to 17% ) .
Analysis of the expression of the pro and antiapoptotic molecules Bax and Bcl-2 revealed synergistic effects of these agents , as the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and Bax was increased .
This resulted in a cellular microenvironment favorable for apoptosis .
We conclude that MGN-3 and curcumin synergize in the induction of U266 cell apoptosis .
This data may establish the foundation for in vivo studies that could have therapeutic implications .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The effects of MGN-3 and curcumin on the growth and survival of the U266 cells were determined by trypan blue , MTT assay , flow cytometry analysis of cancer cell cycle , and apoptosis .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: [ Study on the global and local calibration methods of tryptophan content in rice by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy ] .
| | Author: Zhang B Zhang DP Zhang WB Wang KM Li G Yao YZ Wu JG Shi CH | | Journal: Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi Citation: V : 31 P : 73-6 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21428060 Accession (PMID): 21428060 | | Abstract: Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids in human , and also considered as an important limiting amino acid in rice .
Alkali hydrolysis method was used to determine the tryptophan content of 272 representative samples selected from the 1 256 samples in four years .
Based on the milled rice flour spectroscopy , by comparing the prediction abilities of the equations with global calibrations and local calibration , the global calibration method with MPLS and the local calibration method were better than others .
Their calibration models could be introduced to application because of low standard errors of prediction for both methods ( 0 . 007% ) and high coefficients of determination ( 87 . 1% and 87 . 4% , respectively ) .
Furthermore , the prediction ability of the equation based on the brown rice spectroscopy could be still used for determination application though their effects were worse than that of the milled rice flour spectroscopy .
It was concluded that the equation could be directly used to estimate the content of tryptophan in milled rice , and the technology of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy developed in this study could be applied in selecting breeding materials for higher tryptophan content and in quality control during rice processing .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: It was concluded that the equation could be directly used to estimate the content of tryptophan in milled rice , and the technology of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy developed in this study could be applied in selecting breeding materials for higher tryptophan content and in quality control during rice processing .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids in human , and also considered as an important limiting amino acid in rice .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Alkali hydrolysis method was used to determine the tryptophan content of 272 representative samples selected from the 1 256 samples in four years .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: OryzaPG-DB : rice proteome database based on shotgun proteogenomics .
| | Author: Helmy M Tomita M Ishihama Y | | Journal: BMC Plant Biol Citation: V : 11 P : 63 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21486466 Accession (PMID): 21486466 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Proteogenomics aims to utilize experimental proteome information for refinement of genome annotation .
Since mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics approaches provide large-scale peptide sequencing data with high throughput , a data repository for shotgun proteogenomics would represent a valuable source of gene expression evidence at the translational level for genome re-annotation .
DESCRIPTION : Here , we present OryzaPG-DB , a rice proteome database based on shotgun proteogenomics , which incorporates the genomic features of experimental shotgun proteomics data .
This version of the database was created from the results of 27 nanoLC-MS/MS runs on a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer , which offers high accuracy for analyzing tryptic digests from undifferentiated cultured rice cells .
Peptides were identified by searching the product ion spectra against the protein , cDNA , transcript and genome databases from Michigan State University , and were mapped to the rice genome .
Approximately 3200 genes were covered by these peptides and 40 of them contained novel genomic features .
Users can search , download or navigate the database per chromosome , gene , protein , cDNA or transcript and download the updated annotations in standard GFF3 format , with visualization in PNG format .
In addition , the database scheme of OryzaPG was designed to be generic and can be reused to host similar proteogenomic information for other species .
OryzaPG is the first proteogenomics-based database of the rice proteome , providing peptide-based expression profiles , together with the corresponding genomic origin , including the annotation of novelty for each peptide .
CONCLUSIONS : The OryzaPG database was constructed and is freely available at http : //oryzapg . iab . keio . ac . jp/ .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This version of the database was created from the results of 27 nanoLC-MS/MS runs on a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer , which offers high accuracy for analyzing tryptic digests from undifferentiated cultured rice cells .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Genome-wide transcriptional changes and defence-related chemical profiling of rice in response to infestation by the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis .
| | Author: Zhou G Wang X Yan F Wang X Li R Cheng J Lou Y | | Journal: Physiol Plant Citation: V : 143 P : 21-40 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21534978 Accession (PMID): 21534978 | | Abstract: How rice defends itself against pathogen infection is well documented , but little is known about how it defends itself against herbivore attack .
We measured changes in the transcriptome and chemical profile of rice when the plant is infested by the striped stem borer ( SSB ) Chilo suppressalis .
Infestation by SSBs resulted in changes in the expression levels of 4545 rice genes ; this number accounts for about 8% of the genome and is made up of 18 functional groups with broad functions .
The largest group comprised genes involved in metabolism , followed by cellular transport , transcription and cellular signaling .
Infestation by SSBs modulated many genes responsible for the biosynthesis of plant hormones and plant signaling .
Jasmonic acid ( JA ) , salicylic acid ( SA ) and ethylene were the major hormones that shaped the SSB-induced defence responses of rice .
Many secondary signal transduction components , such as those involved in Ca ( 2 ) signaling and G-protein signaling , receptor and non-receptor protein kinases , and transcription factors were involved in the SSB-induced responses of rice .
Photosynthesis and ATP synthesis from photophosphorylation were restricted by SSB feeding .
In addition , SSB infestation induced the accumulation of defence compounds , including trypsin proteinase inhibitors ( TrypPIs ) and volatile organic compounds .
These results demonstrate that SSB-induced defences required rice to reconfigure a wide variety of its metabolic , physiological and biochemical processes .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: In addition , SSB infestation induced the accumulation of defence compounds , including trypsin proteinase inhibitors ( TrypPIs ) and volatile organic compounds .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Application of gene targeting to designed mutation breeding of high-tryptophan rice .
| | Author: Saika H Oikawa A Matsuda F Onodera H Saito K Toki S | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 156 P : 1269-77 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21543727 Accession (PMID): 21543727 | | Abstract: Site-directed mutagenesis via gene targeting ( GT ) based on homologous recombination is the ultimate mutation breeding technology because it enables useful information acquired from structural and computational-based protein engineering to be applied directly to molecular breeding , including metabolic engineering , of crops .
Here , we employed this rationale to introduce precise mutations in OASA2--an alpha-subunit of anthranilate synthase that is a key enzyme of tryptophan ( Trp ) biosynthesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) --via GT , with subsequent selection of GT cells using a Trp analog .
The expression level of OASA2 in plants homozygous and heterozygous for modified OASA2 was similar to that of nontransformants , suggesting that OASA2 transcription in GT plants was controlled in the same manner as endogenous OASA2 , and that GT could lead to a lower risk of gene silencing than in conventional overexpression approaches .
Moreover , we showed that enzymatic properties deduced from protein engineering or in vitro analysis could be reproduced in GT plants as evidenced by Trp accumulation levels .
Interestingly , mature seeds of homozygous GT plants accumulated Trp levels 230-fold higher than in nontransformants without any apparent morphological or developmental changes .
Thus , we have succeeded in producing a novel rice plant of great potential nutritional benefit for both man and livestock that could not have been selected using conventional mutagenesis approaches .
Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of directed crop improvement by combining precision mutagenesis via GT with a knowledge of protein engineering .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Here , we employed this rationale to introduce precise mutations in OASA2--an alpha-subunit of anthranilate synthase that is a key enzyme of tryptophan ( Trp ) biosynthesis in rice ( Oryza sativa ) --via GT , with subsequent selection of GT cells using a Trp analog .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: [ The morphological and karyological characteristics of MDCK and vero ( B ) cells cultures on plant hydrolyzate-based nutrient media ] .
| | Author: Mikhailova GR Mazurkova NA Podchernyaeva RY Ryabchikova EI Troshkova GP Shishkina LN | | Journal: Vopr Virusol Citation: V : 56 P : 9-14 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21545033 Accession (PMID): 21545033 | | Abstract: MDCK and Vero ( B ) cell cultures were propagated during 10 passages in the experimental nutrient media containing the soybean powder hydrolyzate prepared using trypsin and bromelain enzymes and the rice powder hydrolysate prepared with trypsin and in the control DMEM and SFM4 MegaVir media .
The karyological , morphological , and proliferative characteristics of continuous cultures were examined and compared .
The experimental media supplied with 3% fetal bovine serum ( FBS ) ( Gibco , USA ) showed high growth-enhancing properties and failed to affect their morphology .
After propagated during 10 passages in the experimental media preserved a stable karyotype .
MDCK cell cultures in the nutrient media based on rice and soybean powder hydrolyzates low ( 2% ) in FBS caused no substantial changes in the proliferation indices and morphological and karyological characteristics of cell cultures .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: MDCK and Vero ( B ) cell cultures were propagated during 10 passages in the experimental nutrient media containing the soybean powder hydrolyzate prepared using trypsin and bromelain enzymes and the rice powder hydrolysate prepared with trypsin and in the control DMEM and SFM4 MegaVir media .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Survival of Salmonella strains differing in their biofilm-formation capability upon exposure to hydrochloric and acetic acid and to high salt .
| | Author: Hasegawa A Hara-Kudo Y Kumagai S | | Journal: J Vet Med Sci Citation: V : 73 P : 1163-8 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21576891 Accession (PMID): 21576891 | | Abstract: Acidic and osmotic treatments are part of hurdle systems to control pathogens such as Salmonella in food .
In the current study , Salmonella enterica isolates previously shown to differ in their ability to form biofilms were grown in diluted tryptic soy broth ( TSB ) ( 1 : 5 dilution in distilled water ) and subsequently exposed to phosphate-buffered saline ( PBS ) adjusted to pH 3 . 0 with HCl , PBS adjusted to pH 3 . 9 with acetic acid or rice vinegar diluted 1 : 15 with distilled water ( pH 3 . 9 ) .
Cells grown in diluted TSB were also exposed to distilled water , pH 7 . 6 , containing 5 M NaCl .
No differences in survival upon exposure to PBS adjusted to pH 3 . 0 with HCl or distilled water containing high salt were observed between the isolates ; however , exposure to acetic acid and rice vinegar resulted in lower survival levels of isolates previously shown to be poor biofilm formers .
The numbers ( log ( 10 ) cfu/ml ) of surviving cells after exposure for 36 hr to acetic acid and rice vinegar were 4 . 43 +/- 0 . 24 vs 2 . 27 +/- 0 . 87 ( P<0 . 05 ) and 5 . 19 +/- 0 . 12 vs 2 . 33 +/- 0 . 93 ( P<0 . 05 ) for isolates with a high vs low biofilm-forming ability .
The survival data could be fitted with the Weibull model .
The data suggest that the ability of Salmonella strains to survive in the presence of acetic acid and rice vinegar parallels their ability to form biofilms .
Thus , Salmonella with a high biofilm-formation capability might be more difficult to kill with acetic acid found in foods or cleaning solutions .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the current study , Salmonella enterica isolates previously shown to differ in their ability to form biofilms were grown in diluted tryptic soy broth ( TSB ) ( 1 : 5 dilution in distilled water ) and subsequently exposed to phosphate-buffered saline ( PBS ) adjusted to pH 3 . 0 with HCl , PBS adjusted to pH 3 . 9 with acetic acid or rice vinegar diluted 1 : 15 with distilled water ( pH 3 . 9 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Use of plant-origin components in roller cultivation of vaccine reassortant influenza virus strain H5N2 ] .
| | Author: Mazurkova NA Desheva IuA Shishkina LN Stavskii EA Rudenko LG | | Journal: Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol Citation: V : P : 88-92 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21598624 Accession (PMID): 21598624 | | Abstract: AIM : To study the optimal conditions for roller cultivation of cold-adapted reassortant vaccine strain of influenza virus A/17/Duck/ Potsdam/86/92 ( H5N2 ) in MDCK and Vero cell cultures grown on nutrient medium based on soy and rice flour hydrolysates obtained using trypsin and bromeline .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Vaccine strain was cultivated on MDCK and Vero cells in rollers in the presence of plant proteases .
Obtained culture samples of vaccine strains were lyophilized and their infectivity was assessed .
RESULTS : Cultivation of vaccine strain on MDCK and Vero cells grown in experimental media containing reduced quantity ( 2 and 3% respectively ) of fetal calf serum ( "Gibco" , USA ) resulted in high titers of the virus in the presence of plant proteases ( 4 mcg/ml of papain and 20 mcg/ml bromeline ) .
CONCLUSION : Use of plant enzymes and nutrient media based on enzymic plant hydrolysates , including those obtained with bromeline , for cultivation of vaccine strain on MDCK and Vero cell cultures in rollers could make the manufacturing process of live influenza vaccines safer and more cost effective .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: AIM : To study the optimal conditions for roller cultivation of cold-adapted reassortant vaccine strain of influenza virus A/17/Duck/ Potsdam/86/92 ( H5N2 ) in MDCK and Vero cell cultures grown on nutrient medium based on soy and rice flour hydrolysates obtained using trypsin and bromeline .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Knockdown of midgut genes by dsRNA-transgenic plant-mediated RNA interference in the hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens .
| | Author: Zha W Peng X Chen R Du B Zhu L He G | | Journal: PLoS One Citation: V : 6 P : e20504 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21655219 Accession (PMID): 21655219 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : RNA interference ( RNAi ) is a powerful technique for functional genomics research in insects .
Transgenic plants producing double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) directed against insect genes have been reported for lepidopteran and coleopteran insects , showing potential for field-level control of insect pests , but this has not been reported for other insect orders .
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS : The Hemipteran insect brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stal ) is a typical phloem sap feeder specific to rice ( Oryza sativa L ) .
To analyze the potential of exploiting RNAi-mediated effects in this insect , we identified genes ( Nlsid-1 and Nlaub ) encoding proteins that might be involved in the RNAi pathway in N lugens .
Both genes are expressed ubiquitously in nymphs and adult insects .
Three genes ( the hexose transporter gene NlHT1 , the carboxypeptidase gene Nlcar and the trypsin-like serine protease gene Nltry ) that are highly expressed in the N lugens midgut were isolated and used to develop dsRNA constructs for transforming rice .
RNA blot analysis showed that the dsRNAs were transcribed and some of them were processed to siRNAs in the transgenic lines .
When nymphs were fed on rice plants expressing dsRNA , levels of transcripts of the targeted genes in the midgut were reduced ; however , lethal phenotypic effects after dsRNA feeding were not observed .
CONCLUSIONS : Our study shows that genes for the RNAi pathway ( Nlsid-1 and Nlaub ) are present in N lugens .
When insects were fed on rice plant materials expressing dsRNAs , RNA interference was triggered and the target genes transcript levels were suppressed .
The gene knockdown technique described here may prove to be a valuable tool for further investigations in N lugens .
The results demonstrate the potential of dsRNA-mediated RNAi for field-level control of planthoppers , but appropriate target genes must be selected when designing the dsRNA-transgenic plants .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three genes ( the hexose transporter gene NlHT1 , the carboxypeptidase gene Nlcar and the trypsin-like serine protease gene Nltry ) that are highly expressed in the N lugens midgut were isolated and used to develop dsRNA constructs for transforming rice .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A trypsin-like protease in rice green semi-looper , Naranga aenescens moore ( lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) : purification and characterization .
| | Author: Zibaee A Bandani AR Fazeli-Dinan M Zibaee I Sendi JJ Maleki FA | | Journal: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol Citation: V : P : Year: 2011 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21678486 Accession (PMID): 21678486 | | Abstract: The rice green semi looper , Naranga aenescens Moore ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) causes severe damage to rice fields in Eastern Asia and Middle East We demonstrate that two types of serine proteases are active in the midgut of the third instar larvae of N aenescens , but trypsin-like proteases are considerably more active than chymotrypsin-like proteases .
To develop better control strategies , purification and biochemical characterization of a major trypsin-like digestive protease from the midgut of the third instar larvae of N aenescens was achieved by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography .
After the final purification step , the enzyme was purified 9 . 62-fold with a recovery of 16 . 1% and a specific activity of 4 . 12 U/mg protein and a molecular mass of approximately 88 . 5 kDa .
Biochemical characterization indicated that the purified protease had highest activity at pH 10 and 30 degrees C and was stable for up to 6 h under those conditions .
Divalent cations , especially Ca ( 2+ ) , Mg ( 2+ ) , and Cu ( 2+ ) , increased the enzyme activity and synthetic inhibitors that target trypsin-like activity caused a significant reduction in caseinolytic activity .
These data may be used to develop inhibitors that decrease the damage of N aenescens to rice cultivars in the field .
( c ) 2011 Wiley Periodicals , Inc .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice green semi looper , Naranga aenescens Moore ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) causes severe damage to rice fields in Eastern Asia and Middle East We demonstrate that two types of serine proteases are active in the midgut of the third instar larvae of N aenescens , but trypsin-like proteases are considerably more active than chymotrypsin-like proteases .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: To develop better control strategies , purification and biochemical characterization of a major trypsin-like digestive protease from the midgut of the third instar larvae of N aenescens was achieved by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Divalent cations , especially Ca ( 2+ ) , Mg ( 2+ ) , and Cu ( 2+ ) , increased the enzyme activity and synthetic inhibitors that target trypsin-like activity caused a significant reduction in caseinolytic activity .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Serine proteases-like genes in the asian rice gall midge show differential expression in compatible and incompatible interactions with rice .
| | Author: Sinha DK Lakshmi M Anuradha G Rahman SJ Siddiq EA Bentur JS Nair S | | Journal: Int J Mol Sci Citation: V : 12 P : 2842-52 Year: 2011 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21686154 Accession (PMID): 21686154 | | Abstract: The Asian rice gall midge , Orseolia oryzae ( Wood-Mason ) , is a serious pest of rice .
Investigations into the gall midge-rice interaction will unveil the underlying molecular mechanisms which , in turn , can be used as a tool to assist in developing suitable integrated pest management strategies .
The insect gut is known to be involved in various physiological and biological processes including digestion , detoxification and interaction with the host We have cloned and identified two genes , OoprotI and OoprotII , homologous to serine proteases with the conserved His ( 87 ) , Asp ( 136 ) and Ser ( 241 ) residues .
OoProtI shared 52 . 26% identity with mosquito-type trypsin from Hessian fly whereas OoProtII showed 52 . 49% identity to complement component activated C1s from the Hessian fly .
Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that both the genes were significantly upregulated in larvae feeding on resistant cultivar than in those feeding on susceptible cultivar .
These results provide an opportunity to understand the gut physiology of the insect under compatible or incompatible interactions with the host Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes in the clade containing proteases of phytophagous insects away from hematophagous insects .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: OoProtI shared 52 . 26% identity with mosquito-type trypsin from Hessian fly whereas OoProtII showed 52 . 49% identity to complement component activated C1s from the Hessian fly .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: An EAR-motif-containing ERF transcription factor affects herbivore-induced signaling , defense and resistance in rice .
| | Author: Lu J Ju H Zhou G Zhu C Erb M Wang X Wang P Lou Y | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 68 P : 583-96 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21831212 Accession (PMID): 21831212 | | Abstract: Ethylene responsive factors ( ERFs ) are a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses .
However , little to nothing is known about their role in herbivore-induced defense .
We discovered a nucleus-localized ERF gene in rice ( Oryza sativa ) , OsERF3 , that was rapidly up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer ( SSB ) Chilo suppressalis .
Antisense and over-expression of OsERF3 revealed that it positively affects transcript levels of two mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) and two WRKY genes as well as concentrations of jasmonate ( JA ) , salicylate ( SA ) and the activity of trypsin protease inhibitors ( TrypPIs ) .
OsERF3 was also found to mediate the resistance of rice to SSB .
On the other hand , OsERF3 was slightly suppressed by the rice brown planthopper ( BPH ) Nilaparvata lugens ( Stal ) and increased susceptibility to this piercing sucking insect , possibly by suppressing H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) biosynthesis .
We propose that OsERF3 affects early components of herbivore-induced defense responses by suppressing MAPK repressors and modulating JA , SA , ethylene and H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) pathways as well as plant resistance .
Our results also illustrate that OsERF3 acts as a central switch that gears the plants metabolism towards an appropriate response to chewing or piercing/sucking insects .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 2.00 ]: Antisense and over-expression of OsERF3 revealed that it positively affects transcript levels of two mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) and two WRKY genes as well as concentrations of jasmonate ( JA ) , salicylate ( SA ) and the activity of trypsin protease inhibitors ( TrypPIs ) .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase-deficient Sekiguchi rice induces synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan and N-acetyltryptamine but decreases melatonin biosynthesis during senescence process of detached leaves .
| | Author: Park S Lee K Kim YS Back K | | Journal: J Pineal Res Citation: V : 52 P : 211-6 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21884550 Accession (PMID): 21884550 | | Abstract: Melatonin biosynthesis was examined in Sekiguchi mutant rice lacking functional tryptamine 5-hydroxylase ( T5H ) activity , which is the terminal enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis in rice .
During senescence process , the leaves of Sekiguchi mutant rice produced more tryptamine and N-acetyltryptamine compared with the wild-type Asahi leaves .
Even though T5H activity is absent , Sekiguchi leaves produce low levels of serotonin derived from 5-hydroxytryptophan , which was found to be synthesized during senescence process .
Accordingly , both rice cultivars exhibited similar levels of N-acetylserotonin until 6 days of senescence induction ; however , only Asahi leaves continued to accumulate N-acetylserotonin after 6 days .
In contrast , a large amount of N-acetyltryptamine was accumulated in Sekiguchi leaves , indicating that tryptamine was efficiently utilized as substrate by the rice arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase enzyme .
An increase in N-acetyltryptamine in Sekiguchi had an inhibitory effect on synthesis of melatonin because little melatonin was produced in Sekiguchi leaves at 6 days of senescence induction , even in the presence of equivalent levels of N-acetylserotonin in both cultivars .
The exogenous treatment of 0 . 1 mmN-acetyltryptamine during senescence process completely blocked melatonin synthesis .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Melatonin biosynthesis was examined in Sekiguchi mutant rice lacking functional tryptamine 5-hydroxylase ( T5H ) activity , which is the terminal enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis in rice .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: During senescence process , the leaves of Sekiguchi mutant rice produced more tryptamine and N-acetyltryptamine compared with the wild-type Asahi leaves .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In contrast , a large amount of N-acetyltryptamine was accumulated in Sekiguchi leaves , indicating that tryptamine was efficiently utilized as substrate by the rice arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase enzyme .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Induced tyramine overproduction in transgenic rice plants expressing a rice tyrosine decarboxylase under the control of methanol-inducible rice tryptophan decarboxylase promoter .
| | Author: Park S Lee K Kim YS Chi YT Shin JS Back K | | Journal: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Citation: V : 35 P : 205-10 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21909937 Accession (PMID): 21909937 | | Abstract: Tyramine , one of the various biogenic amines found in plants , is derived from the aromatic L : -amino acid tyrosine through the catalytic reaction of tyrosine decarboxylase ( TYDC ) .
Tyramine overproduction by constitutive expression of TYDC in rice plants leads to stunted growth , but an increased number of tillers .
To regulate tyramine production in rice plants , we expressed TYDC under the control of a methanol-inducible plant tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) promoter and generated transgenic T ( 2 ) homozygous rice plants .
The transgenic rice plants showed normal growth phenotypes with slightly increased levels of tyramine in seeds relative to wild type .
Upon treatment with 1% methanol , the transgenic rice leaves produced large amounts of tyramine , whereas no increase in tyramine production was observed in wild-type plants .
The methanol-induced accumulation of tyramine in the transgenic rice leaves was inversely correlated with the tyrosine level .
These data indicate that tyramine production in rice plants can be artificially controlled using the methanol-inducible TDC promoter , suggesting that this promoter could be used to selectively induce the expression of other proteins or metabolites in rice plants .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: To regulate tyramine production in rice plants , we expressed TYDC under the control of a methanol-inducible plant tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) promoter and generated transgenic T ( 2 ) homozygous rice plants .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Pathological Study of Blood Parasites in Rice Field Frogs , Hoplobatrachus rugulosus ( Wiegmann , 1834 ) .
| | Author: Sailasuta A Satetasit J Chutmongkonkul M | | Journal: Vet Med Int Citation: V : 2011 P : 850568 Year: 2011 Type: PubMed-not-MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21918731 Accession (PMID): 21918731 | | Abstract: One hundred and forty adult rice field frogs , Hoplobatrachus rugulosus ( Wiegmann , 1834 ) , were collected in Srakaew province , Thailand .
For blood parasite examination , thin blood smears were made and routinely stained with Giemsa .
The results showed that 70% of the frogs ( 98/140 ) were infected with 5 species of blood parasites , including a Trypanosoma rotatorium-like organism , Trypanosoma chattoni , Hepatozoon sp . a , Hepatozoon sp . b , and Lankesterella minima .
Pathological examination of the liver , lung , spleen , and kidney of the frogs that were apparently infected with one of these blood parasites were collected and processed by routine histology and subsequently stained with haematoxylin and eosin .
Histopathological findings associated with the Trypanosoma rotatorium-like organism and Trypanosoma chattoni-infected frogs showed no pathological lesions .
Hepatozoon sp . a and Hepatozoon sp . b-infected frogs developed inflammatory lesions predominantly in the liver , demonstrating granuloma-like lesions with Hepatozoon sp . meronts at the centre .
Tissue sections of Lankesterella minima-infected frogs also showed lesions .
Liver and spleen showed inflammatory lesions with an accumulation of melanomacrophage centres ( MMCs ) surrounding the meronts and merozoites .
It is suggested that Hepatozoon sp . a , Hepatozoon sp . b , and Lankesterella minima-infections are capable of producing inflammatory lesions in the visceral organs of rice field frogs , and the severity of lesions is tentatively related to levels of parasitemia .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The results showed that 70% of the frogs ( 98/140 ) were infected with 5 species of blood parasites , including a Trypanosoma rotatorium-like organism , Trypanosoma chattoni , Hepatozoon sp . a , Hepatozoon sp . b , and Lankesterella minima .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Histopathological findings associated with the Trypanosoma rotatorium-like organism and Trypanosoma chattoni-infected frogs showed no pathological lesions .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The chloroplast-localized phospholipases D alpha4 and alpha5 regulate herbivore-induced direct and indirect defenses in rice .
| | Author: Qi J Zhou G Yang L Erb M Lu Y Sun X Cheng J Lou Y | | Journal: Plant Physiol Citation: V : 157 P : 1987-99 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub21984727 Accession (PMID): 21984727 | | Abstract: The oxylipin pathway is of central importance for plant defensive responses .
Yet , the first step of the pathway , the liberation of linolenic acid following induction , is poorly understood .
Phospholipases D ( PLDs ) have been hypothesized to mediate this process , but data from Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) regarding the role of PLDs in plant resistance have remained controversial Here , we cloned two chloroplast-localized PLD genes from rice ( Oryza sativa ) , OsPLDalpha4 and OsPLDalpha5 , both of which were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer ( SSB ) Chilo suppressalis , mechanical wounding , and treatment with jasmonic acid ( JA ) .
Antisense expression of OsPLDalpha4 and -alpha5 ( as-pld ) , which resulted in a 50% reduction of the expression of the two genes , reduced elicited levels of linolenic acid , JA , green leaf volatiles , and ethylene and attenuated the SSB-induced expression of a mitogen-activated protein kinase ( OsMPK3 ) , a lipoxygenase ( OsHI-LOX ) , a hydroperoxide lyase ( OsHPL3 ) , as well as a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase ( OsACS2 ) .
The impaired oxylipin and ethylene signaling in as-pld plants decreased the levels of herbivore-induced trypsin protease inhibitors and volatiles , improved the performance of SSB and the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , and reduced the attractiveness of plants to a larval parasitoid of SSB , Apanteles chilonis .
The production of trypsin protease inhibitors in as-pld plants could be partially restored by JA , while the resistance to rice brown planthopper and SSB was restored by green leaf volatile application .
Our results show that phospholipases function as important components of herbivore-induced direct and indirect defenses in rice .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The impaired oxylipin and ethylene signaling in as-pld plants decreased the levels of herbivore-induced trypsin protease inhibitors and volatiles , improved the performance of SSB and the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , and reduced the attractiveness of plants to a larval parasitoid of SSB , Apanteles chilonis .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The production of trypsin protease inhibitors in as-pld plants could be partially restored by JA , while the resistance to rice brown planthopper and SSB was restored by green leaf volatile application .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Biosynthesis and emission of insect herbivory-induced volatile indole in rice .
| | Author: Zhuang X Fiesselmann A Zhao N Chen H Frey M Chen F | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 73 P : 15-22 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22000657 Accession (PMID): 22000657 | | Abstract: Insect-damaged rice plants emit a complex mixture of volatiles that are highly attractive to parasitic wasps .
Indole is one constituent of insect-induced rice volatiles , and is produced in plants by the enzyme indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase ( IGL ) .
The alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase ( TSA ) is the IGL that catalyses the conversion of indole-3-glycerol phosphate to indole in the alpha-reaction of tryptophan synthesis ; however , TSA is only active in the complex with the beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase and is not capable of producing free indole .
In maize a TSA homolog , ZmIgl , is the structural gene responsible for volatile indole biosynthesis .
Bioinformatic analysis based on the ZmIgl-sequence indicated that the rice genome contains five homologous genes .
Three homologs Os03g58260 , Os03g58300 and Os07g08430 , have detectable transcript levels in seedling it issue and were expressed in both insect-damaged and control rice plants .
Only Os03g58300 , however , was up-regulated by insect feeding .
Recombinant proteins of the three rice genes were tested for IGL activity .
Os03g58300 had a low K ( m ) for indole-3-glycerol phosphate and a high k ( cat ) , and hence can efficiently produce indole .
Os07g08430 exhibited biochemical properties resembling characterized TSAs .
In contrast , Os03g58260 was inactive as a monomer .
Analysis of Os03g58300 expression and indole emission provides further support that Os03g58300 is the bona fide rice IGL for biosynthesis of indole , in analogy to maize , this gene is termed OsIgl .
Phylogenetic analysis showed that the rice genes are localized in two distinct clades together with the maize genes ZmIgl and ZmBx1 ( Os03g58300 ) and ZmTSA ( Os03g58260 and Os07g08430 ) .
The genes in the two clades have distinct enzyme activities and gene structures in terms of intron/exon organization .
These results suggest that OsIgl evolved after the split of monocot and dicot lineages and before the diversification of the Poaceae .
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[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: The alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase ( TSA ) is the IGL that catalyses the conversion of indole-3-glycerol phosphate to indole in the alpha-reaction of tryptophan synthesis ; however , TSA is only active in the complex with the beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase and is not capable of producing free indole .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The starch granule associated proteomes of commercially purified starch reference materials from rice and maize .
| | Author: Koziol AG Marquez BK Huebsch MP Smith JC Altosaar I | | Journal: J Proteomics Citation: V : 75 P : 993-1003 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22062158 Accession (PMID): 22062158 | | Abstract: Commercially available reference materials are integral components of many experimental protocols , as it is critical to compare ones results to those derived from well-characterized standards .
Most reference materials are well defined , with all their components being cataloged .
However , certain reference materials , such as commercially prepared starch samples , can have undefined components , potentially limiting their usefulness as standards .
The proteome of commercially prepared starch has not been documented , and to that end , we initiated a mass spectrometry-based survey of the proteins associated with starch granules in commercially prepared rice and maize starch samples .
We performed direct trypsin treatments of starch samples and sequenced both the water-soluble peptides liberated into the aqueous supernatant and the peptides released from the starch granule surface by isopropanol solvent washing .
We discovered that the majority of proteins , in both rice and maize samples , were involved in either carbohydrate metabolism or storage .
We also documented proteins that are markers for seed maturity and for starch mobilization .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: We performed direct trypsin treatments of starch samples and sequenced both the water-soluble peptides liberated into the aqueous supernatant and the peptides released from the starch granule surface by isopropanol solvent washing .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification of seven Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola genes potentially involved in pathogenesis in rice .
| | Author: Guo W Cui YP Li YR Che YZ Yuan L Zou LF Zou HS Chen GY | | Journal: Microbiology Citation: V : 158 P : 505-18 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22075022 Accession (PMID): 22075022 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ( Xoc ) causes bacterial leaf streak ( BLS ) in rice , an emerging and destructive disease worldwide .
Identification of key virulence factors is a prerequisite for understanding the pathogenesis of Xoc .
In this study , a Tn5-tagged mutant library of Xoc strain RS105 was screened on rice , and 27 Tn5 mutants were identified that were either non-pathogenic or showed reduced virulence in rice .
Fourteen of the non-pathogenic mutants were also unable to elicit the hypersensitive response ( HR ) in tobacco and were designated Pth ( - ) /HR ( - ) mutants ; 13 mutants showed attenuated virulence and were able to induce an HR ( Vir ( - ) /HR ( + ) ) .
Sequence analysis of the Tn5-tagged genes indicated that the 14 Pth ( - ) /HR ( - ) mutants included mutations in hrcC , hrcT , hrcV , hpaP , hrcQ , hrpF , hrpG and hrpX .
The 13 Vir ( - ) /HR ( + ) mutants included tal-C10c-like ( a transcriptional activator-like TAL effector ) , rpfC ( regulator of pathogenicity factors ) , oxyR ( oxidative stress transcriptional regulator ) , dsbC ( disulfide isomerase ) , opgH ( glucan biosynthesis glucosyltransferase H ) , rfbA ( glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase ) , amtR ( aminotransferase ) , purF ( amidophosphoribosyltransferase ) , thrC ( threonine synthase ) , trpA ( tryptophan synthase alpha subunit ) and three genes encoding hypothetical proteins ( Xoryp_02235 , Xoryp_00885 and Xoryp_22910 ) .
Collectively , the 27 Tn5 insertions are located in 21 different open reading frames .
Bacterial growth and in planta virulence assays demonstrated that opgH , purF , thrC , trpA , Xoryp_02235 , Xoryp_00885 and Xoryp_22910 are candidate virulence genes involved in Xoc pathogenesis .
Reduced virulence in 13 mutants was restored to wild-type levels when the cognate gene was introduced in trans .
Expression profiles demonstrated that the seven candidate virulence genes were significantly induced in planta , although their roles in Xoc pathogenesis remain unclear .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The 13 Vir ( - ) /HR ( + ) mutants included tal-C10c-like ( a transcriptional activator-like TAL effector ) , rpfC ( regulator of pathogenicity factors ) , oxyR ( oxidative stress transcriptional regulator ) , dsbC ( disulfide isomerase ) , opgH ( glucan biosynthesis glucosyltransferase H ) , rfbA ( glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase ) , amtR ( aminotransferase ) , purF ( amidophosphoribosyltransferase ) , thrC ( threonine synthase ) , trpA ( tryptophan synthase alpha subunit ) and three genes encoding hypothetical proteins ( Xoryp_02235 , Xoryp_00885 and Xoryp_22910 ) .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Identification and functional characterization of indole-3-acetamide-mediated IAA biosynthesis in plant-associated Fusarium species .
| | Author: Tsavkelova E Oeser B Oren-Young L Israeli M Sasson Y Tudzynski B Sharon A | | Journal: Fungal Genet Biol Citation: V : P : Year: 2011 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22079545 Accession (PMID): 22079545 | | Abstract: The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) can be synthesized from tryptophan via the intermediate indole-3-acetamide ( IAM ) .
The two genes , IaaM ( encoding tryptophan monooxygenase ) and IaaH ( encoding indole-3-acetamide hydrolase ) that constitute the IAM pathway have been described in plant-associated bacteria .
We have identified putative homologs of the bacterial IaaM and IaaH genes in four Fusarium species -Fusarium proliferatum , Fusarium verticillioides , Fusarium fujikuroi , and Fusarium oxysporum .
In all four species the two genes are organized next to each other in a head to head orientation and are separated by a short non-coding region .
However , the pathway is fully functional only in the orchid endophytic strain F proliferatum ET1 , which produces significant amounts of IAM and IAA .
Minor amounts of IAM are produced by the corn pathogen F verticillioides strain 149 , while in the two other species , the rice pathogen F fujikuroi strain m567 and the tomato pathogen F oxysporum f . sp . lycopersici strain 42-87 the IAM pathway is inactive .
Deletion of the entire gene locus in F proliferatum ET1 resulted in drastic reduction of IAA production .
Conversely , transgenic strains of F fujikuroi over-expressing the F proliferatum IAM genes produced elevated levels of both IAM and IAA .
Analysis of the intergenic promoter region in F proliferatum showed that transcriptional activation in direction of the IaaH gene is about 3-fold stronger than in direction of the IaaM gene .
The regulation of the IAM genes and the limiting factors of IAA production via the IAM pathway are discussed .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) can be synthesized from tryptophan via the intermediate indole-3-acetamide ( IAM ) .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The two genes , IaaM ( encoding tryptophan monooxygenase ) and IaaH ( encoding indole-3-acetamide hydrolase ) that constitute the IAM pathway have been described in plant-associated bacteria .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Concentration-dependent displacement of cholesterol in micelles by hydrophobic rice bran protein hydrolysates .
| | Author: Zhang H Yokoyama WH Zhang H | | Journal: J Sci Food Agric Citation: V : 92 P : 1395-401 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22083811 Accession (PMID): 22083811 | | Abstract: BACKGROUND : Rice bran , containing about 100-150 g kg ( -1 ) protein , is a by-product of rice milling that has only become an available ingredient in recent years owing to the centralisation of rice milling .
Rice bran , but not its protein fraction or hydrolysates , has been shown to have a hypocholesterolaemic effect .
Peptides from soy , milk and other foods have been proposed to have hypocholesterolaemic effects based on their ability to lower cholesterol solubility in bile acid/phosphotidyl choline micelles .
RESULTS : Rice bran protein hydrolysates ( RBPHs ) were prepared and investigated for their potential to lower cholesterol concentration in micelles .
The RBPHs were produced by digestion using four different peptidases , alcalase 2 . 4L ( ( R ) ) , neutrase 0 . 8L ( ( R ) ) , papaya latex papain and porcine pancreas trypsin , and then fractionated by hydrophobicity using styrene/divinylbeneze resins .
Alcalase 2 . 4L ( ( R ) ) produced the highest degree of hydrolysis , and the resulting hydrolysates had the highest micellar cholesterol inhibition ability in an in vitro hypocholesterolaemic test The adsorption dynamics of four different macroporous resins , DA201-C , Sepabeads SP207 and SP825 and Diaion HP20 , were determined using the Langmuir isotherm model .
DA201-C had the highest adsorption capacity with an equilibrium concentration of 220 mg g ( -1 ) .
The hydrolysates eluted with 25 , 50 , 75 and 95% ( v/v ) ethanol lowered the micellar cholesterol concentration by 11 . 88 , 14 . 76 , 19 . 37 and 7 . 56% respectively .
CONCLUSION : A hydrophobic fraction of RBPH had the highest inhibitory activity on micellar cholesterol , which suggests that it may have hypocholesterolaemic properties .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The RBPHs were produced by digestion using four different peptidases , alcalase 2 . 4L ( ( R ) ) , neutrase 0 . 8L ( ( R ) ) , papaya latex papain and porcine pancreas trypsin , and then fractionated by hydrophobicity using styrene/divinylbeneze resins .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Metabolic profiling based on LC/MS to evaluate unintended effects of transgenic rice with cry1Ac and sck genes .
| | Author: Chang Y Zhao C Zhu Z Wu Z Zhou J Zhao Y Lu X Xu G | | Journal: Plant Mol Biol Citation: V : 78 P : 477-87 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22271304 Accession (PMID): 22271304 | | Abstract: As a primary characteristic of substantial equivalence , the evaluation of unintended effects of genetically modified plants has been evolving into an important field of research .
In this study , a metabolic profiling method for rice seeds was developed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry .
The analytical properties of the method , including the linearity , reproducibility , intra-day precision and inter-day precision , were investigated and were found to be satisfactory .
The method was then applied to investigate the differences between transgenic rice and its native counterparts , in addition to the differences found between native rice with different sowing dates or locations .
Global metabolic phenotype differences were visualized , and metabolites from different discriminated groups were discovered using multivariate data analysis .
The results indicated that environmental factors played a greater role than gene modification for most metabolites , including tryptophan , 9 , 10 , 13-trihydroxyoctadec-11-enoic acid , and lysophosphatidylethanolamine 16 : 0 .
The concentrations of phytosphingosine , palmitic acid , 5-hydroxy-2-octadenoic acid and three other unidentified metabolites varied slightly due to gene modification .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The results indicated that environmental factors played a greater role than gene modification for most metabolites , including tryptophan , 9 , 10 , 13-trihydroxyoctadec-11-enoic acid , and lysophosphatidylethanolamine 16 : 0 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Light-regulated melatonin biosynthesis in rice during the senescence process in detached leaves .
| | Author: Byeon Y Park S Kim YS Park DH Lee S Back K | | Journal: J Pineal Res Citation: V : 53 P : 107-11 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22289080 Accession (PMID): 22289080 | | Abstract: The effect of light on melatonin biosynthesis was examined in detached rice ( Oryza sativa cv .
Asahi ) leaves during the senescence process .
The detached leaves were exposed to senescence treatment either in constant darkness or in constant light , and subjected to HPLC analysis for melatonin and its precursors .
Higher melatonin levels were detected in rice leaves under constant light while very low levels were observed in constant darkness .
Levels of the melatonin intermediates , tryptamine , serotonin , and N-acetylserotonin significantly decreased in the dark compared to those in the light .
Furthermore , relative mRNA levels of melatonin biosynthetic genes and their corresponding proteins decreased accordingly in constant darkness .
The most striking difference between constant light and dark was observed in levels of the protein tryptamine 5-hydroxylase .
These results suggest that melatonin biosynthesis during senescence is dependent on light signals in rice leaves , contrary to the response found in animals .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Levels of the melatonin intermediates , tryptamine , serotonin , and N-acetylserotonin significantly decreased in the dark compared to those in the light .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The most striking difference between constant light and dark was observed in levels of the protein tryptamine 5-hydroxylase .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Serotonin accumulation in transgenic rice by over-expressing tryptophan decarboxylase results in a dark brown phenotype and stunted growth .
| | Author: Kanjanaphachoat P Wei BY Lo SF Wang IW Wang CS Yu SM Yen ML Chiu SH Lai CC Chen LJ | | Journal: Plant Mol Biol Citation: V : 78 P : 525-43 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22297847 Accession (PMID): 22297847 | | Abstract: A mutant M47286 with a stunted growth , low fertility and dark-brown phenotype was identified from a T-DNA-tagged rice mutant library .
This mutant contained a copy of the T-DNA tag inserted at the location where the expression of two putative tryptophan decarboxylase genes , TDC-1 and TDC-3 , were activated .
Enzymatic assays of both recombinant proteins showed tryptophan decarboxylase activities that converted tryptophan to tryptamine , which could be converted to serotonin by a constitutively expressed tryptamine 5 hydroxylase ( T5H ) in rice plants .
Over-expression of TDC-1 and TDC-3 in transgenic rice recapitulated the stunted growth , darkbrown phenotype and resulted in a low fertility similar to M47286 .
The degree of stunted growth and dark-brown color was proportional to the expression levels of TDC-1 and TDC-3 .
The levels of tryptamine and serotonin accumulation in these transgenic rice lines were also directly correlated with the expression levels of TDC-1 and TDC-3 .
A mass spectrometry assay demonstrated that the darkbrown leaves and hulls in the TDC-overexpressing transgenic rice were caused by the accumulation of serotonin dimer and that the stunted growth and low fertility were also caused by the accumulation of serotonin and serotonin dimer , but not tryptamine .
These results represent the first evidence that over-expression of TDC results in stunted growth , low fertility and the accumulation of serotonin , which when converted to serotonin dimer , leads to a dark brown plant color .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 4.00 ]: Enzymatic assays of both recombinant proteins showed tryptophan decarboxylase activities that converted tryptophan to tryptamine , which could be converted to serotonin by a constitutively expressed tryptamine 5 hydroxylase ( T5H ) in rice plants .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: This mutant contained a copy of the T-DNA tag inserted at the location where the expression of two putative tryptophan decarboxylase genes , TDC-1 and TDC-3 , were activated .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The levels of tryptamine and serotonin accumulation in these transgenic rice lines were also directly correlated with the expression levels of TDC-1 and TDC-3 .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: A mass spectrometry assay demonstrated that the darkbrown leaves and hulls in the TDC-overexpressing transgenic rice were caused by the accumulation of serotonin dimer and that the stunted growth and low fertility were also caused by the accumulation of serotonin and serotonin dimer , but not tryptamine .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of Esterase A , a Pseudomonas stutzeri A15 Autotransporter .
| | Author: Nicolay T Devleeschouwer K Vanderleyden J Spaepen S | | Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Citation: V : 78 P : 2533-42 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22307303 Accession (PMID): 22307303 | | Abstract: Autotransporters are a widespread family of proteins , generally known as virulence factors produced by Gram-negative bacteria .
In this study , the esterase A ( EstA ) autotransporter of the rice root-colonizing beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri A15 was characterized .
A multiple sequence alignment identified EstA as belonging to clade II of the GDSL esterase family .
Autologous overexpression allowed the investigation of several features of both autotransporter proteins and GDSL esterases .
First , the correctly folded autotransporter was shown to be present in the membrane fraction .
Unexpectedly , after separation of the membrane fraction , EstA was detected in the N-laurylsarcosine soluble fraction .
However , evidence is presented for the surface exposure of EstA based on fluorescent labeling with EstA specific antibodies .
Another remarkable feature is the occurrence of a C-terminal leucine residue instead of the canonical phenylalanine or tryptophan residue .
Replacement of this residue with a phenylalanine residue reduced the stability of the beta-barrel .
Regarding the esterase passenger domain , we show the importance of the catalytic triad residues , with the serine and histidine residues being more critical than the aspartate residue .
Furthermore , the growth of an estA-negative mutant was not impaired and cell mobility was not disabled compared to the wild type .
No specific phenotype was detected for an estA-negative mutant .
Overall , P stutzeri A15 EstA is a new candidate for the surface display of proteins in environmentally relevant biotechnological applications .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Another remarkable feature is the occurrence of a C-terminal leucine residue instead of the canonical phenylalanine or tryptophan residue .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The broad-leaf herbicide 2 , 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid turns rice into a living trap for a major insect pest and a parasitic wasp .
| | Author: Xin Z Yu Z Erb M Turlings TC Wang B Qi J Liu S Lou Y | | Journal: New Phytol Citation: V : 194 P : 498-510 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22313362 Accession (PMID): 22313362 | | Abstract: Synthetic chemical elicitors of plant defense have been touted as a powerful means for sustainable crop protection .
Yet , they have never been successfully applied to control insect pests in the field .
We developed a high-throughput chemical genetics screening system based on a herbivore-induced linalool synthase promoter fused to a beta-glucuronidase ( GUS ) reporter construct to test synthetic compounds for their potential to induce rice defenses .
We identified 2 , 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2 , 4-D ) , an auxin homolog and widely used herbicide in monocotyledonous crops , as a potent elicitor of rice defenses .
Low doses of 2 , 4-D induced a strong defensive reaction upstream of the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways , resulting in a marked increase in trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and volatile production .
Induced plants were more resistant to the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis , but became highly attractive to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and its main egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae .
In a field experiment , 2 , 4-D application turned rice plants into living traps for N lugens by attracting parasitoids .
Our findings demonstrate the potential of auxin homologs as defensive signals and show the potential of the herbicide to turn rice into a selective catch crop for an economically important pest | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Low doses of 2 , 4-D induced a strong defensive reaction upstream of the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways , resulting in a marked increase in trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and volatile production .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of microsomal fractions of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa subjected to high salinity .
| | Author: Chang IF Hsu JL Hsu PH Sheng WA Lai SJ Lee C Chen CW Hsu JC Wang SY Wang LY Chen CC | | Journal: Plant Sci Citation: V : 185-186 P : 131-42 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22325874 Accession (PMID): 22325874 | | Abstract: Plants respond to salt stress by initiating phosphorylation cascades in their cells .
Many key phosphorylation events take place at membranes .
Microsomal fractions from 400 mM salt-treated Arabidopsis suspension plants were isolated , followed by trypsin shaving , enrichment using Zirconium ion-charged or TiO ( 2 ) magnetic beads , and tandem mass spectrometry analyses for site mapping .
A total of 27 phosphorylation sites from 20 Arabidopsis proteins including photosystem II reaction center protein H PsbH were identified .
In addition to Arabidopsis , microsomal fractions from shoots of 200 mM salt-treated rice was carried out , followed by trypsin digestion using shaving or tube-gel , and enrichment using Zirconium ion-charged or TiO ( 2 ) magnetic beads .
This yielded identification of 13 phosphorylation sites from 8 proteins including photosystem II reaction center protein H PsbH .
Label-free quantitative analysis suggests that the phosphorylation sites of PsbH were regulated by salt stress in Arabidopsis and rice .
Sequence alignment of PsbH phosphorylation sites indicates that Thr-2 and Thr-4 are evolutionarily conserved in plants .
Four conserved phosphorylation motifs were predicted , and these suggest that a specific unknown kinase or phosphatase is involved in high-salt stress responses in plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Microsomal fractions from 400 mM salt-treated Arabidopsis suspension plants were isolated , followed by trypsin shaving , enrichment using Zirconium ion-charged or TiO ( 2 ) magnetic beads , and tandem mass spectrometry analyses for site mapping .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition to Arabidopsis , microsomal fractions from shoots of 200 mM salt-treated rice was carried out , followed by trypsin digestion using shaving or tube-gel , and enrichment using Zirconium ion-charged or TiO ( 2 ) magnetic beads .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Cloning and characterization of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes in the striped rice stem borer , Chilo suppressalis .
| | Author: Ge ZY Wan PJ Han ZJ | | Journal: Genome Citation: V : 55 P : 281-8 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22432944 Accession (PMID): 22432944 | | Abstract: Serine proteinases including trypsins and chymotrypsins play various important roles in insects , including food digestion , immune defense , and zymogen activation .
Studies on insect serine proteinases could reveal their feeding preference ( polyphagous and monophagous ) and facilitate identification of protease inhibitors , which can be engineered for pest management .
In this paper , 11 transcripts encoding trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteins were cloned from the striped rice stem borer , Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) .
All the predicted proteins share high sequence similarity with known trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteins from either lepidopterans or dipterans , and most of the proteins have conserved motifs that are characteristics of serine proteinases .
Among the 11 cloned genes , six were expressed predominantly and one exclusively in the midgut of the insect , three were expressed relatively evenly in examined it issues , and one was not expressed in either the gut or hemolymph based on RT-PCR results .
The seven genes that were predominantly or exclusively expressed in the gut were also affected by feeding on different host plants .
The genes that were expressed in the gut and were affected by host plants are likely to encode digestive proteinases .
The identification of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes in this insect species is the first step towards further comparative studies and for identification of insect-specific proteinase inhibitors , which might be engineered to protect rice plants against the striped rice stem borer , which is one of the destructive pests of rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Serine proteinases including trypsins and chymotrypsins play various important roles in insects , including food digestion , immune defense , and zymogen activation .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this paper , 11 transcripts encoding trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteins were cloned from the striped rice stem borer , Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: All the predicted proteins share high sequence similarity with known trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteins from either lepidopterans or dipterans , and most of the proteins have conserved motifs that are characteristics of serine proteinases .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The identification of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes in this insect species is the first step towards further comparative studies and for identification of insect-specific proteinase inhibitors , which might be engineered to protect rice plants against the striped rice stem borer , which is one of the destructive pests of rice .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Purification and identification of naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase , a key enzyme in biosynthesis of flavonoid phytoalexin sakuranetin in rice .
| | Author: Shimizu T Lin F Hasegawa M Okada K Nojiri H Yamane H | | Journal: J Biol Chem Citation: V : 287 P : 19315-25 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22493492 Accession (PMID): 22493492 | | Abstract: Sakuranetin , the major flavonoid phytoalexin in rice , is induced by ultraviolet ( UV ) irradiation , CuCl ( 2 ) treatment , jasmonic acid treatment , and infection by phytopathogens .
It was recently demonstrated that sakuranetin has anti-inflammatory activity , anti-mutagenic activity , anti-pathogenic activities against Helicobacter pylori , Leishmania , and Trypanosoma and contributes to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in animals .
Thus , sakuranetin is a useful compound as a plant antibiotic and a potential pharmaceutical agent .
Sakuranetin is biosynthesized from naringenin by naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase ( NOMT ) .
In previous research , rice NOMT ( OsNOMT ) was purified to apparent homogeneity from UV-treated wild-type rice leaves , but the purified protein , named OsCOMT1 , exhibited caffeic acid O-methyltransferase ( COMT ) activity and not NOMT activity .
In this study , we found that OsCOMT1 does not contribute to sakuranetin production in rice in vivo , and we purified OsNOMT using the oscomt1 mutant .
A crude protein preparation from UV-treated oscomt1 leaves was subjected to three sequential purification steps , resulting in a 400-fold purification from the crude enzyme preparation .
Using SDS-PAGE , the purest enzyme preparation showed a minor band at an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa .
Two O-methyltransferase-like proteins , encoded by Os04g0175900 and Os12g0240900 , were identified from the 40-kDa band by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis .
Recombinant Os12g0240900 protein showed NOMT activity , but the recombinant Os04g0175900 protein did not .
Os12g0240900 expression was induced by jasmonic acid treatment in rice leaves prior to sakuranetin accumulation , and the Os12g0240900 protein showed reasonable kinetic properties to OsNOMT .
On the basis of these results , we conclude that Os12g0240900 encodes an OsNOMT .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: It was recently demonstrated that sakuranetin has anti-inflammatory activity , anti-mutagenic activity , anti-pathogenic activities against Helicobacter pylori , Leishmania , and Trypanosoma and contributes to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in animals .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The rice hydroperoxide lyase OsHPL3 functions in defense responses by modulating the oxylipin pathway .
| | Author: Tong X Qi J Zhu X Mao B Zeng L Wang B Li Q Zhou G Xu X Lou Y He Z | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22519706 Accession (PMID): 22519706 | | Abstract: As important signal molecules , jasmonates ( JAs ) and green leaf volatiles ( GLVs ) play diverse roles in plant defense responses against insect pests and pathogens .
However , how plants employ their specific defense responses by modulating the levels of JA and GLVs remains unclear .
Here , we describe identification of a role for the rice HPL3 gene , which encodes a hydroperoxide lyase ( HPL ) , OsHPL3/CYP74B2 , in mediating plant-specific defense responses .
The loss-of-function mutant hpl3-1 produced disease-resembling lesions spreading through the whole leaves .
A biochemical assay revealed that OsHPL3 possesses intrinsic HPL activity , hydrolyzing hydroperoxylinolenic acid to produce GLVs The hpl3-1 plants exhibited enhanced induction of JA , trypsin proteinase inhibitors and other volatiles , but decreased levels of GLVs including ( Z ) -3-hexen-1-ol .
OsHPL3 positively modulates resistance to the rice brown planthopper [ BPH , Nilaparvata lugens ( Stal ) ] but negatively modulates resistance to the rice striped stem borer [ SSB , Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) ] .
Moreover , hpl3-1 plants were more attractive to a BPH egg parasitoid , Anagrus nilaparvatae , than the wild-type , most likely as a result of increased release of BPH-induced volatiles .
Interestingly , hpl3-1 plants also showed increased resistance to bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae ) .
Collectively , these results indicate that OsHPL3 , by affecting the levels of JA , GLVs and other volatiles , modulates rice-specific defense responses against different invaders .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: A biochemical assay revealed that OsHPL3 possesses intrinsic HPL activity , hydrolyzing hydroperoxylinolenic acid to produce GLVs The hpl3-1 plants exhibited enhanced induction of JA , trypsin proteinase inhibitors and other volatiles , but decreased levels of GLVs including ( Z ) -3-hexen-1-ol .
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Score: 5.00 |
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| Title: silencing coi1 in rice increases susceptibility to chewing insects and impairs inducible defense .
| | Author: Ye M Luo SM Xie JF Li YF Xu T Liu Y Song YY Zhu-Salzman K Zeng RS | | Journal: PLoS One Citation: V : 7 P : e36214 Year: 2012 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22558386 Accession (PMID): 22558386 | | Abstract: The jasmonic acid ( JA ) pathway plays a key role in plant defense responses against herbivorous insects .
CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 ( COI1 ) is an F-box protein essential for all jasmonate responses .
However , the precise defense function of COI1 in monocotyledonous plants , especially in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) is largely unknown .
We silenced OsCOI1 in rice plants via RNA interference ( RNAi ) to determine the role of OsCOI1 in rice defense against rice leaf folder ( LF ) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , a chewing insect , and brown planthopper ( BPH ) Nilaparvata lugens , a phloem-feeding insect .
In wild-type rice plants ( WT ) , the transcripts of OsCOI1 were strongly and continuously up-regulated by LF infestation and methyl jasmonate ( MeJA ) treatment , but not by BPH infestation .
The abundance of trypsin protease inhibitor ( TrypPI ) , and the enzymatic activities of polyphenol oxidase ( PPO ) and peroxidase ( POD ) were enhanced in response to both LF and BPH infestation , but the activity of lipoxygenase ( LOX ) was only induced by LF .
The RNAi lines with repressed expression of OsCOI1 showed reduced resistance against LF , but no change against BPH .
Silencing OsCOI1 did not alter LF-induced LOX activity and JA content , but it led to a reduction in the TrypPI content , POD and PPO activity by 62 . 3% , 48 . 5% and 27 . 2% , respectively .
In addition , MeJA-induced TrypPI and POD activity were reduced by 57 . 2% and 48 . 2% in OsCOI1 RNAi plants .
These results suggest that OsCOI1 is an indispensable signaling component , controlling JA-regulated defense against chewing insect ( LF ) in rice plants , and COI1 is also required for induction of TrypPI , POD and PPO in rice defense response to LF infestation .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The abundance of trypsin protease inhibitor ( TrypPI ) , and the enzymatic activities of polyphenol oxidase ( PPO ) and peroxidase ( POD ) were enhanced in response to both LF and BPH infestation , but the activity of lipoxygenase ( LOX ) was only induced by LF .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Silencing OsCOI1 did not alter LF-induced LOX activity and JA content , but it led to a reduction in the TrypPI content , POD and PPO activity by 62 . 3% , 48 . 5% and 27 . 2% , respectively .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In addition , MeJA-induced TrypPI and POD activity were reduced by 57 . 2% and 48 . 2% in OsCOI1 RNAi plants .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that OsCOI1 is an indispensable signaling component , controlling JA-regulated defense against chewing insect ( LF ) in rice plants , and COI1 is also required for induction of TrypPI , POD and PPO in rice defense response to LF infestation .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: A large increase in IAA during development of rice grains correlates with the expression of tryptophan aminotransferase OsTAR1 and a grain-specific YUCCA .
| | Author: Abu-Zaitoon YM Bennett K Normanly J Nonhebel HM | | Journal: Physiol Plant Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22582989 Accession (PMID): 22582989 | | Abstract: The indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) content of developing grains of Oryza sativa subsp . japonica was measured by combined liquid chromatography , tandem mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode .
The increase from 50 ng g ( -1 ) fresh weight to 2 . 9 microg g ( -1 ) fresh weight from 1 to 14 days after pollination was much larger than that previously reported by enzyme-linked immunoassay methods .
The largest increase in IAA content coincided with the start of the major starch deposition phase of grain-fill .
The increase in IAA content was strongly correlated with the expression of putative IAA biosynthesis genes , OsYUC9 , OsYUC11 and OsTAR1 , measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction .
These results confirm the importance of the tryptophan aminotransferase/YUCCA pathway in this system .
All three genes were expressed in endosperm ; expression of OsYUC11 appeared to be confined to endosperm it issue .
Phylogenetic analysis indicated that OsYUC11 and AtYUC10 belong to a separate clade of YUCCAs , which do not have orthologues outside the Angiosperms .
This clade may have evolved with a specific role in endosperm .
Expression of tryptophan decarboxylase in developing rice grains did not correlate with IAA levels , indicating that tryptamine is unlikely to be important for IAA synthesis in this system .
In light of these observations , we hypothesize that IAA production in developing rice grains is controlled via expression of OsTAR1 , OsYUC9 , OsYUC11 and that IAA may be important during starch deposition in addition to its previously suggested role early in grain development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 2.00 ]: Expression of tryptophan decarboxylase in developing rice grains did not correlate with IAA levels , indicating that tryptamine is unlikely to be important for IAA synthesis in this system .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results confirm the importance of the tryptophan aminotransferase/YUCCA pathway in this system .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Expression analysis of a type S2 EUL-related lectin from rice in Pichia pastoris .
| | Author: Al Atalah B Rouge P Smith DF Proost P Lasanajak Y Van Damme EJ | | Journal: Glycoconj J Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22684190 Accession (PMID): 22684190 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) expresses different putative carbohydrate-binding proteins belonging to the class of lectins containing an Euonymus lectin ( EUL ) -related domain , one of them being OrysaEULS2 .
The OrysaEULS2 sequence consists of a 56 amino acid N-terminal domain followed by the EUL sequence .
In this paper the original sequence of the EUL domain of OrysaEULS2 and some mutant forms have been expressed in Pichia pastoris .
Subsequently , the recombinant proteins were purified and their carbohydrate binding properties determined .
Analysis of the original protein on the glycan array revealed interaction with mannose containing structures and to a lesser extent with glycans containing lactosamine related structures .
It was shown that mutation of tryptophan residue 134 into leucine resulted in an almost complete loss of carbohydrate binding activity of OrysaEULS2 .
Our results show that the EUL domain in OrysaEULS2 interacts with glycan structures , and hence can be considered as a lectin .
However , the binding of the protein with the array is much weaker than that of other EUL-related lectins .
Furthermore , our results indicate that gene divergence within the family of EUL-related lectins lead to changes in carbohydrate binding specificity .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: It was shown that mutation of tryptophan residue 134 into leucine resulted in an almost complete loss of carbohydrate binding activity of OrysaEULS2 .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: OsNPR1 negatively regulates herbivore-induced JA and ethylene signaling and plant resistance to a chewing herbivore in rice .
| | Author: Li R Afsheen S Xin Z Han X Lou Y | | Journal: Physiol Plant Citation: V : 9999 P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22694163 Accession (PMID): 22694163 | | Abstract: NPR1 ( a non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes1 ) has been reported to play an important role in plant defense by regulating signaling pathways .
However , little to nothing is known about its function in herbivore-induced defense in monocot plants .
Here , using suppressive substrate hybridization , we identified a NPR1 gene from rice , OsNPR1 , and found that its expression levels were upregulated in response to infestation by the rice striped stem borer ( SSB ) Chilo suppressalis and rice leaf folder ( LF ) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , and to mechanical wounding and treatment with jasmonic acid ( JA ) and salicylic acid ( SA ) .
Moreover , mechanical wounding induced the expression of OsNPR1 quickly , whereas herbivore infestation induced the gene more slowly .
The antisense expression of OsNPR1 ( as-npr1 ) , which reduced the expression of the gene by 50% , increased elicited levels of JA and ethylene ( ET ) as well as of expression of a lipoxygenase gene OsHI-LOX and an ACC synthase gene OsACS2 .
The enhanced JA and ET signaling in as-npr1 plants increased the levels of herbivore-induced trypsin proteinase inhibitors ( TrypPIs ) and volatiles , and reduced the performance of SSB .
Our results suggest that OsNPR1 is an early responding gene in herbivore-induced defense and that plants can use it to activate a specific and appropriate defense response against invaders by modulating signaling pathways .
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[ Sen. 6, subscore: 2.00 ]: The enhanced JA and ET signaling in as-npr1 plants increased the levels of herbivore-induced trypsin proteinase inhibitors ( TrypPIs ) and volatiles , and reduced the performance of SSB .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Mechanistic Examination of C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) Bond Cleavages of Tryptophan Residues during Dissociations of Molecular Peptide Radical Cations .
| | Author: Song T Ma CY Chu IK Siu CK Laskin J | | Journal: J Phys Chem A Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22697598 Accession (PMID): 22697598 | | Abstract: In this study , we used collision-induced dissociation ( CID ) to examine the gas-phase fragmentations of [ G ( n ) W ] ( *+ ) ( n = 2-4 ) and [ GXW ] ( *+ ) ( X = C , S , L , F , Y , Q ) species .
The C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage of a C-terminal decarboxylated tryptophan residue ( [ M - CO ( 2 ) ] ( *+ ) ) can generate [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 116 ] ( + ) , [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 117 ] ( *+ ) , and [ 1H-indole ] ( *+ ) ( m/z 117 ) species as possible product ions .
Competition between the formation of [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 116 ] ( + ) and [ 1H-indole ] ( *+ ) systems implies the existence of a proton-bound dimer formed between the indole ring and peptide backbone .
Formation of such a proton-bound dimer is facile via a protonation of the tryptophan gamma-carbon atom as suggested by density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations .
DFT calculations also suggested the initially formed ion 2 , the decarboxylated species that is active against C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage , can efficiently isomerize to form a more stable pi-radical isomer ( ion 9 ) as supported by Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus ( RRKM ) modeling .
The C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage of a tryptophan residue also can occur directly from peptide radical cations containing a basic residue .
CID of [ WG ( n ) R ] ( *+ ) ( n = 1-3 ) radical cations consistently resulted in predominant formation of [ M - 116 ] ( + ) product ions .
It appears that the basic arginine residue tightly sequesters the proton and allows the charge-remote C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage to prevail over the charge-directed one .
DFT calculations predicted that the barrier for the former is 6 . 2 kcal mol ( -1 ) lower than that of the latter .
Furthermore , the pathway involving a salt-bridge intermediate also was accessible during such a bond cleavage event .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage of a C-terminal decarboxylated tryptophan residue ( [ M - CO ( 2 ) ] ( *+ ) ) can generate [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 116 ] ( + ) , [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 117 ] ( *+ ) , and [ 1H-indole ] ( *+ ) ( m/z 117 ) species as possible product ions .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Formation of such a proton-bound dimer is facile via a protonation of the tryptophan gamma-carbon atom as suggested by density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage of a tryptophan residue also can occur directly from peptide radical cations containing a basic residue .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Kinetic and phylogenetic analysis of plant polyamine uptake transporters .
| | Author: Mulangi V Chibucos MC Phuntumart V Morris PF | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22711282 Accession (PMID): 22711282 | | Abstract: The rice gene POLYAMINE UPTAKE TRANSPORTER1 ( PUT1 ) was originally identified based on its homology to the polyamine uptake transporters LmPOT1 and TcPAT12 in Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi , respectively .
Here we show that five additional transporters from rice and Arabidopsis that cluster in the same clade as PUT1 all function as high affinity spermidine uptake transporters .
Yeast expression assays of these genes confirmed that uptake of spermidine was minimally affected by 166 fold or greater concentrations of amino acids .
Characterized polyamine transporters from both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa along with the two polyamine transporters from L major and T cruzi were aligned and used to generate a hidden Markov model .
This model was used to identify significant matches to proteins in other angiosperms , bryophytes , chlorophyta , discicristates , excavates , stramenopiles and amoebozoa .
No significant matches were identified in fungal or metazoan genomes .
Phylogenic analysis showed that some sequences from the haptophyte , Emiliania huxleyi , as well as sequences from oomycetes and diatoms clustered closer to sequences from plant genomes than from a homologous sequence in the red algal genome Galdieria sulphuraria , consistent with the hypothesis that these polyamine transporters were acquired by horizontal transfer from green algae .
Leishmania and Trypansosoma formed a separate cluster with genes from other Discicristates and two Entamoeba species .
We surmise that the genes in Entamoeba species were acquired by phagotrophy of Discicristates .
In summary , phylogenetic and functional analysis has identified two clades of genes that are predictive of polyamine transport activity .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The rice gene POLYAMINE UPTAKE TRANSPORTER1 ( PUT1 ) was originally identified based on its homology to the polyamine uptake transporters LmPOT1 and TcPAT12 in Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi , respectively .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Leishmania and Trypansosoma formed a separate cluster with genes from other Discicristates and two Entamoeba species .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Reduction of Bacillus cereus spores in sikhye , a traditional Korean rice beverage , by modified tyndallization processes with and without carbon dioxide injection .
| | Author: Kim H Kim H Bang J Kim Y Beuchat LR Ryu JH | | Journal: Lett Appl Microbiol Citation: V : 55 P : 218-23 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22725610 Accession (PMID): 22725610 | | Abstract: Aims : The objective of this study was to inactivate Bacillus cereus spores in sikhye using a modified tyndallization process involving injection with carbon dioxide ( CO ( 2 ) ) .
Methods and Results : Heat tolerance of B cereus spores in tryptic soy broth and sikhye was evaluated .
The D ( 95 degrees C ) values of the B cereus spores were 2 . 8-4 . 9 min , dependent of type of heating medium or inoculum level .
The lethality of conventional heat treatment and modified tyndallization with or without CO ( 2 ) injection against B cereus spores in sikhye was determined .
The order of effectiveness was modified tyndallization with CO ( 2 ) > modified tyndallization without CO ( 2 ) > conventional heat treatment .
Modified tyndallization with CO ( 2 ) reduced the number of B cereus spores in sikhye by 5 . 8 log CFU ml ( -1 ) . The increased CO ( 2 ) concentration and decreased pH of sikhye resulting from CO ( 2 ) injection rapidly reverted to near-normal values after heat treatment .
Conclusions : Modified tyndallization with CO ( 2 ) was more effective than conventional heat treatment or modified tyndallization without CO ( 2 ) in reducing B cereus spores in sikhye .
Significance and Impact of the Study : Results of this study will be useful when developing strategies to control B cereus spores in sikhye and may have application to other beverages .
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[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Methods and Results : Heat tolerance of B cereus spores in tryptic soy broth and sikhye was evaluated .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Function of a two-component system RpfCxoc/RpfGxoc in Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ] .
| | Author: Zhao Y Liu C Qian G Yin F Zhou Y Song Z Liu F | | Journal: Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao Citation: V : 52 P : 449-56 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22799210 Accession (PMID): 22799210 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To elucidate the biological functions of a two-component system RpfCxoc/RpfGxoc in Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ( Xoc ) .
METHOD : Based on the genome template from Xoc wild-type strain Rs105 , the rpfCxoc and rpfGxoc genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) .
The in-frame deletion mutations of rpfCxoc , rpfGxoc and rpfGCxoc ( rpfCxoc and rpfGxoc double genes ) were performed by the suicide vector pK18mobsacB , and determined diffusible signal factor ( DSF ) biosynthesis , pathogenicity in host rice , biofilm , extracellular polysaccharide ( EPS ) production and cell morphology .
RESULT : rpfCxoc and rpfGxoc were cloned from the genomic DNA of Rs105 .
PCR analysis demonstrated that the rpfCxoc , rpfGxoc and rpfGCxoc genes were in-frame deleted successfully .
Compared to the wild-type strain Rs105 , DSF were overproduced in deltarpfCxoc and deltarpfGCxoc , but DSF production was remarkably decreased in deltarpfGxoc .
The DSF production of these mutants was restored by introducing the complemented cosmid pUFR-rpfCxoc , pUFR-rpfGxoc and pUFR-rpfGCxoc , respectively .
Subsequent experimental results indicated that mutation of rpfCxoc , rpfGxoc and rpfGCxoc resulted in pathogenicity loss of Xoc in host rice , and decreased biosynthesis level of EPS at 34 . 1%-48 . 5% compared to that of Rs105 .
In L medium ( Tryptoen , 10 g/L ; yeast extract , 5 g/L ; sodium chloride , 5 g/L ; D-glucose , 1 g/L ; pH7 . 0 ) , Rs105 was growing at planktonic pattern , but the mutation of rpfCxoc and rpfGxoc led to Xoc cell aggregation at the wall of the flaks at the air-liquid interfaces , and deltarpfGxoc generated reticulation biofilm at the bottom of the flaks .
But deltarpfGCxoc only generated reticulation biofilm at the bottom of the flaks .
CONCLUSION : The two-component system RpfCxoc/RpfGxoc modulated DSF biosynthesis , EPS production and biofilm dispersal of Xoc , which was required for the pathogenicity of Xoc in host rice .
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[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: In L medium ( Tryptoen , 10 g/L ; yeast extract , 5 g/L ; sodium chloride , 5 g/L ; D-glucose , 1 g/L ; pH7 . 0 ) , Rs105 was growing at planktonic pattern , but the mutation of rpfCxoc and rpfGxoc led to Xoc cell aggregation at the wall of the flaks at the air-liquid interfaces , and deltarpfGxoc generated reticulation biofilm at the bottom of the flaks .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Transcriptional network analysis of the tryptophan-accumulating rice mutant during grain filling .
| | Author: Kim DS Lee KJ Yim WC Kim JB Ha BK Kim SH Kang SY | | Journal: Mol Genet Genomics Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub22836167 Accession (PMID): 22836167 | | Abstract: In a previous study , we selected a high tryptophan ( Trp ) -accumulating rice ( Oryza sativa L ) mutant line by in vitro mutagenesis using gamma rays .
To obtain detailed information about the Trp biosynthetic pathway during the grain-filling in rice , we investigated the gene expression profiles in the wild-type ( cv .
Dongan ) and the high-level Trp-accumulating mutant line ( MRVII-33 ) at five different grain-filling stages using microarray analysis .
The mutant line showed approximately 6 . 3-fold higher Trp content and 2 . 3-fold higher amino acids compared with the original cultivar at the final stage ( stage V ) .
The intensity of gene expression was analyzed and compared between the wild-type and mutant line at each of the five grain-filling stages using the Rice 4 x 44K oligo DNA microarray .
Among the five stages , stage III showed the highest gene expression changes for both up and down-regulated genes .
Among the Trp biosynthesis-related genes , trpG showed high expression in the mutant line during stages I to IV and trpE showed higher at stage III .
Gene clustering was performed based on the genes of KEGGs amino acid metabolism , and a total of 276 genes related to amino acid metabolism were placed into three clusters .
The functional annotation enrichment analysis of the genes classified into the three clusters was also conducted using ClueGO .
It was found that cluster 3 uniquely included biological processes related to aromatic amino acid metabolism .
These results suggest that gene analysis based on microarray data is useful for elucidating the biological mechanisms of Trp accumulation in high Trp-accumulating mutants at each of the grain-filling stages .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: In a previous study , we selected a high tryptophan ( Trp ) -accumulating rice ( Oryza sativa L ) mutant line by in vitro mutagenesis using gamma rays .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of decreasing intraluminal amylase activity on starch digestion and postprandial gastrointestinal function in humans .
| | Author: Layer P Zinsmeister AR DiMagno EP .
| | Journal: Gastroenterology Citation: V : 91 ( 1 ) P : 41-8 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2423408 Accession (PMID): 2423408 | | Abstract: We used an amylase inhibitor preparation that markedly improves postprandial carbohydrate tolerance in humans to investigate the effects of decreased intraluminal amylase activity on digestion of starch and postprandial gastrointestinal and hormonal responses .
Four fasting volunteers were intubated with an oroileal tube to obtain duodenal , jejunal , and terminal ileal samples .
After intubation , subjects ingested 50 g of rice starch given with placebo ; on the second day , starch was given with the amylase inhibitor .
Compared with placebo , the amylase inhibitor significantly ( p less than 0 . 05 ) reduced duodenal , jejunal , and ileal intraluminal amylase activity by more than 95% for 1-2 h ; increased postprandial delivery of total carbohydrate ( glucose polymers in particular ) to the distal small bowel ; increased breath hydrogen concentrations ; decreased intestinal water absorption and increased distal intestinal volume delivery to the distal bowel ; shortened duodenoileal transit time but doubled postprandial gastric emptying time ; reduced the early postprandial plasma glucose rise by 85% and eliminated the late postprandial glucose fall to below fasting levels ; and abolished postprandial plasma concentrations of insulin , C-peptide , and gastric inhibitory polypeptide .
Postprandial trypsin output was not influenced .
We conclude that more than 95% inhibition of amylase reduces dietary starch digestion within the small intestine and uptake of dietary starch from the small intestine , markedly decreases postprandial release of insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide , and may alter postprandial upper gastrointestinal motor function .
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[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Postprandial trypsin output was not influenced .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Amino acid sequence of a probable amylase/protease inhibitor from rice seeds .
| | Author: Yu YG Chung CH Fowler A Suh SW .
| | Journal: Arch . Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 265 ( 2 ) P : 466-75 Year: 1988 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2458699 Accession (PMID): 2458699 | | Abstract: The primary structure of a 9-kDa basic protein from rice seeds was determined by gas-phase sequencing of the intact protein and peptides derived from it by digestion with trypsin , chymotrypsin , and endopeptidase Lys-K The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 91 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 8909 Da .
It is rich in alanine , serine , glycine , and cysteine .
The eight cysteines form four disulfide bonds .
There is no methionine , histidine , phenylalanine , or tryptophan .
The sequence is highly homologous with an alpha-amylase inhibitor , I-2 , from seeds of Indian finger millet [ F A P Campos and M Richardson ( 1984 ) FEBS Lett .
167 , 221-225 ] and a 10-kDa barley seed protein , also called a probable amylase/protease inhibitor [ B Svensson et al ( 1986 ) Carlsberg Res . Commun . 51 , 493-500 ; J Mundy and J C Rogers ( 1986 ) Planta 169 , 51-63 ] .
In analogy with the barley protein , the purified protein is tentatively called a rice probable amylase/protease inhibitor ( PAPI ) .
The rice PAPI does not show inhibitory activities against proteases and amylases tested .
The amino acid sequence is as follows : Ile-Thr-Cys-Gly-Gln-Val-Asn-Ser-Ala-Val ( 10 ) -Gly-Pro-Cys-Leu-Thr-Tyr Ala-Arg-Gly-Gly ( 20 ) -Ala-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ala-Ala-Cys-Cys-Ser-Gly ( 30 ) -Val-Arg Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ser-Thr ( 40 ) -Thr-Ala-Asp-Arg-Arg-Thr-Ala-Cys Asn-Cys ( 50 ) -Leu-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly-Ile-Lys-Gly ( 60 ) -Leu-Asn-Ala-Gly Asn-Ala-Ala-Ser-Ile-Pro ( 70 ) -Ser-Lys-Cys-Gly-Val-Ser-Val-Pro-Tyr-Thr ( 80 ) - Ile-Ser-Ala-Ser-Ile-Asp-Cys-Ser-Arg-Val-Ser ( 91 ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The primary structure of a 9-kDa basic protein from rice seeds was determined by gas-phase sequencing of the intact protein and peptides derived from it by digestion with trypsin , chymotrypsin , and endopeptidase Lys-K The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 91 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 8909 Da .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: There is no methionine , histidine , phenylalanine , or tryptophan .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Toxicity of three herbicides to some nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria .
| | Author: Mishra AK Pandey AB .
| | Journal: Ecotoxicol . Environ . Saf . Citation: V : 17 ( 2 ) P : 236-46 Year: 1989 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2500323 Accession (PMID): 2500323 | | Abstract: The effects of some common rice field herbicides , such as 2 , 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2 , 4-D ) , Machete , and Saturn , on the paddy field nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia , Nostoc calcicola , Nostoc sp . , and Anabaena doliolum were studied .
These cyanobacteria were found to be more tolerant to 2 , 4-D ( lethal doses 1500-2000 micrograms/ml ) than to Machete and Saturn ( lethal doses 6-8 micrograms/ml ) .
The effects of these three herbicides on some physiological processes of N linckia were studied .
The 2 , 4-D stimulated the growth and nitrogen fixation up to 100 micrograms/ml concentration ( a dose higher than the field dose , ie , about 40 micrograms/ml ) , recommended for field application .
However , with Machete and Saturn this type of stimulation was not observed even at lower concentrations .
Similarly , the uptake of nutrients , such as NO3 and NH+4 , was also inhibited by Machete and Saturn .
However , 100 micrograms/ml 2 , 4-D stimulated the uptake of NO3 but not of NH+4 ; higher doses of 2 , 4-D inhibited the uptake of both nutrients .
Factors such as pH , organic carbon sources ( glucose and acetate ) , and amino acids were found to regulate the toxicity of all three herbicides to N linckia .
Lower pH enhanced the toxicity of all three herbicides , whereas higher pH ( up to 9 . 0 ) lowered it .
Glucose and acetate ( each 500 micrograms/ml ) protected against the toxicity of 2 , 4-D and Saturn , but not against Machete .
Whereas glutamine , arginine , serine , and tryptophan conferred upon N linckia a greater protection against the toxicity of all three herbicides , methionine did not do so , and the presence of methionine with herbicide in the culture medium resulted in greater toxicity to N linckia than that in the presence of the herbicide alone .
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[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Whereas glutamine , arginine , serine , and tryptophan conferred upon N linckia a greater protection against the toxicity of all three herbicides , methionine did not do so , and the presence of methionine with herbicide in the culture medium resulted in greater toxicity to N linckia than that in the presence of the herbicide alone .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: A cDNA-based comparison of dehydration-induced proteins ( dehydrins ) in barley and corn .
| | Author: Close TJ Kortt AA Chandler PM .
| | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 13 ( 1 ) P : 95-108 Year: 1989 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2562763 Accession (PMID): 2562763 | | Abstract: Several cDNAs related to an ABA-induced cDNA from barley aleurone were isolated from barley and corn seedlings that were undergoing dehydration .
Four different barley polypeptides with sizes of 22 . 6 , 16 . 2 , 14 . 4 and 14 . 2 kDa and a single corn polypeptide with a size of 17 . 0 kDa were predicted from the nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs .
These dehydration-induced proteins ( dehydrins ) are very similar to each other and to a previously identified rice protein induced by ABA and salt , and have at least some similarity to a previously identified cotton embryo protein .
Each dehydrin is extremely hydrophilic , glycine-rich , cysteine and tryptophan-free and contains repeated units in a conserved linear order .
A lysine-rich repeating unit occurs twice in each protein , once at the carboxy terminus and once partway through the polypeptide , adjacent to a succession of serines .
This repeating unit and the adjacent flanking run of serines are conserved with minimal variation among all dehydrins .
Another repeating unit is flanked by the two copies of the lysine-rich unit , and varies in number from one to five copies .
This latter repeating unit is less conserved than the former , varying even within a singly dehydrin .
The messenger RNAs corresponding to each cDNA are abundant in dehydrating , but not in well-watered seedlings .
The amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides from purified dehydration-induced proteins of corn established that the corn cDNAs correspond to a protein that is produced in abundance during the response of corn seedlings to dehydration .
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[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Each dehydrin is extremely hydrophilic , glycine-rich , cysteine and tryptophan-free and contains repeated units in a conserved linear order .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides from purified dehydration-induced proteins of corn established that the corn cDNAs correspond to a protein that is produced in abundance during the response of corn seedlings to dehydration .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Growth studies on xenic cultures of Entamoeba gingivalis using established media .
| | Author: Gannon JT Linke HA .
| | Journal: Int .
J Parasitol .
Citation: V : 19 ( 8 ) P : 835-8 Year: 1989 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2635159 Accession (PMID): 2635159 | | Abstract: Wantlands egg medium , modified Shaffer-Frye ( MSF ) medium and Tryptose-Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Serum-Blood ( TTY-SB ) medium were compared with variations of the latter two media for their ability to support xenic growth of Entamoeba gingivalis .
Wantlands egg medium was unsuitable for growth of E gingivalis .
Accompanying bacteria became resistant to penicillin and streptomycin , overwhelming the amoeba culture .
MSF medium was also unsuitable for the cultivation of E gingivalis .
Bacterial growth was heavy and protozoan growth sparse .
MSF medium without mercaptosuccinic acid , but with rice starch , dextran or levan substituted for glucose and with Yersinia enterocolitica added , supported limited growth of the amoeba .
Unmodified TTY-SB medium did not sustain growth of E gingivalis .
However , when rice starch suspension was substituted for glucose , L-cysteine HCl was deleted , and a Crithidia sp . was added to the E gingivalis culture grown xenically , enhanced growth of the oral amoeba resulted in this modified TTY-SB medium .
E gingivalis is very sensitive to changes in incubation temperature .
Optimum growth was found to be in the narrow range from 34 . 5 to 35 degrees C for all media tested .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Wantlands egg medium , modified Shaffer-Frye ( MSF ) medium and Tryptose-Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Serum-Blood ( TTY-SB ) medium were compared with variations of the latter two media for their ability to support xenic growth of Entamoeba gingivalis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: The production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to wheat gliadin peptides .
| | Author: Ellis HJ Freedman AR Ciclitira PJ .
| | Journal: J Immunol .
Methods Citation: V : 120 ( 1 ) P : 17-22 Year: 1989 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2659671 Accession (PMID): 2659671 | | Abstract: BALB/c mice maintained on a gluten-free diet were immunised with Frazers Fraction III ( FFIII , a peptic tryptic digest of wheat gluten that exacerbates coeliac disease ) in order to overcome oral tolerance .
A control group was maintained on normal diet .
Serum antibody titres to FFIII were higher in the mice on a gluten-free diet ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .
Three monoclonal antibodies to FFIII were produced from splenocytes obtained from mice maintained on a gluten-free diet .
The antibodies were characterised by ELISA , immunodot assay and immunoblotting with prolamins from cereals toxic to coeliac patients ( wheat , rye , barley , oats ) and the non-toxic prolamins from maize and rice .
The binding characteristics of the three antibodies to the cereal prolamins were different , implying that the antibodies recognise different cereal protein epitopes .
Immunoblotting revealed FFIII to be comprised of antigenically dissimilar peptides .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: BALB/c mice maintained on a gluten-free diet were immunised with Frazers Fraction III ( FFIII , a peptic tryptic digest of wheat gluten that exacerbates coeliac disease ) in order to overcome oral tolerance .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Affinity labeling of the allosteric activator site ( s ) of spinach leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase .
| | Author: Morell M Bloom M Preiss J | | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 263 ( 2 ) P : 633-7 Year: 1988 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub2826457 Accession (PMID): 2826457 | | Abstract: Pyridoxal-P has been shown to be an activator of the spinach leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase .
It has a higher apparent affinity than the physiological activator 3-phosphoglycerate but only activates the enzyme activity 6-fold whereas 3-phosphoglycerate gives a 25-fold activation .
Reductive phosphopyridoxylation of the spinach leaf enzyme results in enzyme having less dependence on the presence of activator for activity .
Labeled pyridoxal-P is incorporated into both the 54 and 51-kilodalton subunits of the spinach leaf enzyme .
The incorporation is inhibited by the presence of either 3-phosphoglycerate or the allosteric inhibitor , inorganic phosphate , thus suggesting that pyridoxal phosphate is covalently bound to the allosteric activator site .
The pyridoxal phosphate is bound to an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue .
The phosphopyridoxylated enzyme is more resistant to phosphate inhibition than the unmodified form .
The modified 51-kDa subunit has been digested with trypsin , and the peptide containing the labeled pyridoxal phosphate has been purified via high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced .
Comparison of this sequence with the deduced amino acid sequence of a rice endosperm cDNA clone indicates that the putative allosteric site of the 51-kDa subunit is close to the carboxyl-terminal This is in contrast to what had been demonstrated for the position of the activator site of the Escherichia coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase which was shown to be close to the amino-terminal of the subunit .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: The modified 51-kDa subunit has been digested with trypsin , and the peptide containing the labeled pyridoxal phosphate has been purified via high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced .
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Score: 4.00 |
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| Title: Stability and specificity of rice bran trypsin inhibitor .
| | Author: Tashiro M Maki Z | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 32 ( 6 ) P : 591-9 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3108471 Accession (PMID): 3108471 | | Abstract: The stability and inhibitory specificity of rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) was investigated in an attempt to understand its nutritional significance .
RBTI retained about 100% of its original activity over a pH range from 4 to 10 during 24-h incubation at 37 degrees C In heat treatment , RBTI at acidic and neutral pH values still possessed about 50% of its initial activity after 30-min incubation at 100 degrees C , although it was completely inactivated during 15-min incubation at pH 10 and 100 degrees C The effects of metal ions and some reagents on RBTI were examined and it was found that Hg ion reduced RBTIs inhibitory activity : The inhibitor lost 30-100% of its original activity upon incubation with a reducing , an oxidizing or a thiol reagent .
Digestion tests on RBTI indicated that alpha-chymotrypsin did not affect the inhibitory activity and pepsin caused only a 30% loss of the initial inhibitory activity after 24-h digestion .
To determine inhibitory specificity , bovine , hog , rat , and human trypsins were used as target enzymes bound to an immobilized RBTI column .
Titrations of the purified enzymes with RBTI showed that bovine , hog , and rat trypsins were powerfully inhibited by the inhibitor , while human trypsin was only weakly inhibited . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: Titrations of the purified enzymes with RBTI showed that bovine , hog , and rat trypsins were powerfully inhibited by the inhibitor , while human trypsin was only weakly inhibited .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The stability and inhibitory specificity of rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) was investigated in an attempt to understand its nutritional significance .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: To determine inhibitory specificity , bovine , hog , rat , and human trypsins were used as target enzymes bound to an immobilized RBTI column .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: The amino acid sequence of a cereal Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi L ) .
| | Author: Ary MB Shewry PR Richardson M | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 229 ( 1 ) P : 111-8 Year: 1988 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3162215 Accession (PMID): 3162215 | | Abstract: The major trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi ) was purified by heat treatment , fractional precipitation with ( NH4 ) 2SO4 , ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose , gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 and preparative reverse-phase HPLC .
The complete amino acid sequence was determined by analysis of peptides derived from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein by digestion with trypsin , chymotrypsin and the S aureus V8 protease .
The polypeptide contained 64 amino acids with a high content of cysteine .
The sequence exhibited strong homology with a number of Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legume seeds and similar proteins recently isolated from wheat and rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The major trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi ) was purified by heat treatment , fractional precipitation with ( NH4 ) 2SO4 , ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose , gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 and preparative reverse-phase HPLC .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The complete amino acid sequence was determined by analysis of peptides derived from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein by digestion with trypsin , chymotrypsin and the S aureus V8 protease .
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Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Proximate composition and antinutritional factors in rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ) .
| | Author: Malhotra S Malik D Dhindsa KS .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 38 ( 1 ) P : 75-81 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3231596 Accession (PMID): 3231596 | | Abstract: Thirteen promising strains of Rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ) were analysed for their proximate compositions and antinutritional factors .
Protein content in these varieties ranged from 17 . 50 to 23 . 10 per cent , ash from 3 . 06 to 4 . 48 per cent , ether extract from 2 . 4 to 3 . 9 per cent and crude fibre from 1 . 70 to 4 . 25 per cent .
Trypsin inhibitor activity ranged from 112 . 63 to 163 . 98 units/g and polyphenols ranged from 0 . 58 to 1 . 19 per cent .
Phytohemagglutinating activity was present in all the strains , except one , RB-32 .
Oligosaccharides , viz . , raffinose , stachyose and verbascose , ranged from 0 . 32 to 0 . 91 , 0 . 95 to 1 . 98 and 1 . 40 to 2 . 58 per cent , respectively .
Attempts have been made to compare the results with a standard variety each of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) , moong ( Vigna radiata ) and mash ( Vigna mungo ) .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trypsin inhibitor activity ranged from 112 . 63 to 163 . 98 units/g and polyphenols ranged from 0 . 58 to 1 . 19 per cent .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Biochemical and immunological characterization of rice albumin .
| | Author: Mawal YR Mawal MR Ranjekar PK .
| | Journal: Biosci . Rep . Citation: V : 7 ( 1 ) P : 1-9 Year: 1987 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3620599 Accession (PMID): 3620599 | | Abstract: Rice albumin from Oryza sativa ( Var .
Basmati 370 ) accounts for about 5% of the total seed proteins .
A major fraction of rice albumin has been found to be a glycoprotein which is a monomer of 60 kd having iso-electric point 6 . 54 .
When rice albumin is digested with trypsin , it shows the presence of 24 peptides as against 28 peptides which were estimated from its amino acid composition .
This indicates the presence of a few peptides which resemble each other in their charge and Rf values .
Antibodies against Con A purified rice albumin were affinity purified and were used to quantitate the rice albumin levels during post-anthesis by RIA and ELISA .
The latter experiments reveal that maximum albumin is present between 18 and 20 days post-anthesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: When rice albumin is digested with trypsin , it shows the presence of 24 peptides as against 28 peptides which were estimated from its amino acid composition .
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Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: [ Nutritional quality of pigeon pea protein , immature and ripe , and its supplementary value for cereals ] | | Author: Bressani R Gmez-Brenes RA Elas LG .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 36 ( 1 ) P : 108-16 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3632193 Accession (PMID): 3632193 | | Abstract: The purpose of the present research was to determine the differences which could exist between immature and mature pigeon pea in gross chemical composition and protein quality , raw and cooked , as well as their respective supplementary value to rice , and to mature and immature corn and sorghum .
The chemical composition data showed only small differences in proximate composition between the mature and immature grain .
The cooking process did not affect chemical composition .
Based on the FAO/WHO amino acid reference pattern , immature pigeon pea was more deficient in threonine than mature pigeon pea , which was limiting in valine .
Both grains were limiting in sulfur amino acids .
The protein quality of the immature grain was higher than that of the mature grain , and both responded positively to cooking , suggesting the presence of antiphysiological substances in both .
Amino acid supplementation studies demonstrated that both the immature and mature grain responded to methionine addition , the first limiting amino acid , and to tryptophan , the second limiting amino acid .
The effects were more marked when samples were cooked .
Both types of grains were good supplements to rice , when added in amounts of 10-20% .
Mature pigeon peas supplemented relatively well the proteins of sorghum , immature and mature corn , at the 20 , 30 and 20% levels , respectively .
The differences found could be explained on the basis of the amino acids limiting cereal grains and pigeon peas protein . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Amino acid supplementation studies demonstrated that both the immature and mature grain responded to methionine addition , the first limiting amino acid , and to tryptophan , the second limiting amino acid .
| |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: The complete amino acid sequence of rice bran trypsin inhibitor .
| | Author: Tashiro M Hashino K Shiozaki M Ibuki F Maki Z | | Journal: J Biochem .
Citation: V : 102 ( 2 ) P : 297-306 Year: 1987 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3667571 Accession (PMID): 3667571 | | Abstract: The complete amino acid sequence of a double-headed trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) from rice bran was determined by a combination of limited proteolysis of the native inhibitor with Streptomyces griseus trypsin at pH 3 and conventional methods .
RBTI consists of 133 amino acid residues including 18 half-cystine residues which are involved in 9 disulfide bridges in the molecule .
The limited proteolysis at pH 3 produced a major split of Lys ( 83 ) -Met ( 84 ) and a minor split of Arg ( 107 ) -Val ( 108 ) together with a non-enzymatic hydrolysis of Asp ( 19 ) -Pro ( 20 ) in the molecule .
The established sequence showed that RBTI is composed of 4 domains , domains I and III , and domains II and IV being homologous to the first and the second domains of soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor , respectively , indicating that RBTI has a duplicated structure of the Bowman-Birk type inhibitor .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: The complete amino acid sequence of a double-headed trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) from rice bran was determined by a combination of limited proteolysis of the native inhibitor with Streptomyces griseus trypsin at pH 3 and conventional methods .
| |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Preserved exocrine function in patients with acute cholera and acute non-cholera diarrhoea .
| | Author: Molla A Gyr K Molla AM Bardhan P Patra FC .
| | Journal: Int .
J Pancreatol .
Citation: V : 1 ( 3-4 ) P : 259-64 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3681027 Accession (PMID): 3681027 | | Abstract: Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by means of the Lundh test in 14 patients with acute cholera and 18 patients with acute infectious non-cholera diarrhoea within the first 24 h of their admission .
Mean tryptic activity amounted to 39 . 8 +/- 4 . 8 microEq/min/ml in the cholera group and to 64 . 4 +/- 11 . 0 microEq/min/ml in the non-cholera group .
None of these patients shared a value below the lower limit of normal In fact , the mean tryptic activity per 2 h was significantly higher than that reported previously in a control group from the Bengal area .
It is therefore concluded that the exocrine pancreatic function is preserved and responds to food stimulation in various types of acute infectious diarrhoea , including cholera .
These findings provide the pathophysiological background for the recent observation that oral rehydration solutions containing high-molecular-weight nutrients such as rice powder are at least as efficient or even more potent than the WHO-recommended glucose-electrolyte formula in acute diarrhoea .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mean tryptic activity amounted to 39 . 8 +/- 4 . 8 microEq/min/ml in the cholera group and to 64 . 4 +/- 11 . 0 microEq/min/ml in the non-cholera group .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: None of these patients shared a value below the lower limit of normal In fact , the mean tryptic activity per 2 h was significantly higher than that reported previously in a control group from the Bengal area .
| |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Isolation , molecular and biological properties of a lectin from rice embryo : relationship with wheat germ agglutinin properties .
| | Author: Tabary F Font J Bourrillon R | | Journal: Arch . Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 259 ( 1 ) P : 79-88 Year: 1987 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3688888 Accession (PMID): 3688888 | | Abstract: Rice lectin ( Oryza sativa , var .
Balilla 28 ) was purified from defatted embryos by aqueous acid extraction at pH 1 . 3 followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation between 2 and 4 M , affinity chromatography on agarose-p-aminophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine , and gel filtration on AcA 54 .
The homogeneity of the lectin was checked by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , gel filtration , and immunodiffusion .
The amino acid analysis revealed a high half-cystine content ( 9% ) and a low aromatic and hydrophobic amino acid content .
The lectin contained neither neutral carbohydrates nor amino sugars .
The isoelectric point was estimated to be 8 . 1 .
The molecular weight of rice lectin was estimated to be 38 , 000 .
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed two polypeptides with Mr 19 , 000 and 15 , 000 .
The circular dichroism spectrum of rice lectin in far ultraviolet was characterized by a positive maximum at 228 nm and a negative band at 203 nm suggesting the presence of a beta-pleated sheet and the absence of alpha-helix .
Rice lectin had no human blood group specificity and agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes more efficiently than erythrocytes from other animal species .
Furthermore , agglutination was enhanced by trypsin treatment of erythrocytes .
The erythroagglutinating activity was very high since the minimal concentration needed to agglutinate erythrocytes was 0 . 05 micrograms/ml .
Although [ methyl-3H ] thymidine incorporation was stimulated in human lymphocytes , rice lectin could not be considered as a mitogenic lectin since it stimulated neither blast transformation nor lymphocyte proliferation .
The saccharide specificity of rice lectin was related to N-acetylglucosamine and its oligomers : N , N , N"-triacetylchitotriose was the most powerful inhibitor .
Furthermore , the N-acetylneuraminic acid was not a specific rice determinant .
Finally , the double immunodiffusion method revealed a cross-reactivity between rice lectin and wheat germ agglutinin , indicating that these lectins were closely antigenically related .
The analogies and differences between biological and immunological properties of rice lectin and wheat germ agglutinin are discussed and the possibility of their evolution from a common ancestor is put forward . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , agglutination was enhanced by trypsin treatment of erythrocytes .
| |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Comparisons between true digestibility of total nitrogen and limiting amino acids in vegetable proteins fed to rats .
| | Author: Sarwar G Peace RW .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Citation: V : 116 ( 7 ) P : 1172-84 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3746456 Accession (PMID): 3746456 | | Abstract: Values ( % ) for true digestibility ( TD ) of protein and individual amino acids in some vegetable proteins were determined by the rat balance ( fecal ) method .
Diets containing 8% crude protein ( N X 6 . 25 ) from soaked and autoclaved samples of Trapper and Century field peas , lentil , pinto bean , seafarer bean , black bean or fababean and autoclaved samples of soybean , peanut , sunflower , rolled oat , rice + soybean and corn + pea were tested in two rat balance studies .
In the case of blends , each protein source provided 50% of total protein .
The beans , peas and lentil proteins were limiting in sulphur amino acids , tryptophan and threonine , whereas sunflower and rolled oat were most limiting in lysine .
In beans , peas and lentil , the TD values of methionine ( 51-82 ) , cystine ( 46-85 ) , tryptophan ( 47-90 ) and threonine ( 62-84 ) were considerably lower than the TD values of total nitrogen ( 72-90 ) .
Similarly , in sunflower and rolled oat , the TD values of lysine ( 81-83 ) were lower than the TD values of total nitrogen ( 90-91 ) .
These data suggested that crude protein digestibility may not be a good predictor of bioavailability of limiting amino acids in vegetable proteins .
Amino acid scores of the vegetable proteins were 62-96% .
The corrections for true digestibility of protein and individual amino acids lowered the scores by 6-15 and 11-47 percentage units , respectively .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The beans , peas and lentil proteins were limiting in sulphur amino acids , tryptophan and threonine , whereas sunflower and rolled oat were most limiting in lysine .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: In beans , peas and lentil , the TD values of methionine ( 51-82 ) , cystine ( 46-85 ) , tryptophan ( 47-90 ) and threonine ( 62-84 ) were considerably lower than the TD values of total nitrogen ( 72-90 ) .
| |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein genes of Trypanosoma brucei subsp . rhodesiense are activated in situ , and their expression is transcriptionally regulated .
| | Author: Lenardo MJ Esser KM Moon AM Van der Ploeg LH Donelson JE .
| | Journal: Mol . Cell . Biol . Citation: V : 6 ( 6 ) P : 1991-7 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub3785186 Accession (PMID): 3785186 | | Abstract: During the metacyclic stage in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei subsp . rhodesiense , the expression of variant surface glycoproteins ( VSGs ) is restricted to a small subset of antigenic types .
Previously we identified cDNAs for the VSGs expressed in metacyclic variant antigen types ( MVATs ) 4 and 7 and found that these VSG genes do not rearrange when expressed at the metacyclic stage ( M J Lenardo , A C Rice-Ficht , G Kelly , K Esser , and J E Donelson , Proc . Nathl . Acad Sci .
USA 81 : 6642-6646 , 1984 ) .
We now provide further evidence that these genes do not rearrange and demonstrate that their 5 upstream regions lack the 72 to 76-base-pair repeats which are considered the substrate for duplication and transposition events .
Pulsed field gradient electrophoresis showed that the MVAT VSG genes were located on the largest chromosome-sized DNA molecules , and the lack of the MVAT 4 gene in one of two different serodemes suggested that one mechanism for the evolution of MVAT repertoires is gene deletion .
When MVATs were inoculated into the bloodstream of a mammalian host by a bite from the insect vector , they rapidly switched into nonmetacyclic VSG types .
We found that this switch was accomplished by a loss of MVAT RNA concomitant with the loss of metacyclic VSGs .
Transcription studies with isolated metacyclic nuclei showed that the MVAT genes were expressed in situ from a single locus and were regulated at the level of transcription .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: During the metacyclic stage in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei subsp . rhodesiense , the expression of variant surface glycoproteins ( VSGs ) is restricted to a small subset of antigenic types .
| |
Score: 3.00 |
|---|
| Title: Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from rice bran .
| | Author: Tashiro M Maki Z | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 25 ( 3 ) P : 255-64 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub501453 Accession (PMID): 501453 | | Abstract: A trypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified from the bran of rice , Oryza sativa , by extraction with 1% sodium chloride , heat treatment , ammonium sulfate precipitation , ion-exchange chromatography on a CM-Sephadex C-25 and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 .
The final preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic analysis .
Rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) had a molecular weight of about 14 , 500 and an isoelectric point of 8 . 07 .
The amino acids , acid composition was characterized by high contents of basic amino acids , aspartic acid , glutamic acid , proline and cystine .
BRTI inhibited bovine trypsin at an inhibitor-enzyme molar ratio of 1 : 1 . 6 .
It displayed , however , nobility to inhibit alpha-chymotrypsin , pepsin , papain and subtilisin BPN . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A trypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified from the bran of rice , Oryza sativa , by extraction with 1% sodium chloride , heat treatment , ammonium sulfate precipitation , ion-exchange chromatography on a CM-Sephadex C-25 and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) had a molecular weight of about 14 , 500 and an isoelectric point of 8 . 07 .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: BRTI inhibited bovine trypsin at an inhibitor-enzyme molar ratio of 1 : 1 . 6 .
| |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: The relationship of pellagra to corn and the low availability of niacin in cereals .
| | Author: Carpenter KJ .
| | Journal: Experientia Suppl .
Citation: V : 44 ( ) P : 197-222 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6357846 Accession (PMID): 6357846 | | Abstract: The poorest inhabitants of an area generally eat the narrowest range of foods , and one staple ( which serves as a cheap source of calories ) dominates .
In turn , the specific type of malnutrition seen in that area depends upon that predominant staple and how it is processed before consumption .
Corn , used here in the sense of "Indian corn" or maize , was brought to Europe from America , and over the period 1750-1850 became the typical peasants staple in many of the areas bordering the Mediterranean .
By the end of that period , it had also come to be recognized that pellagra had become a serious , chronic disease in these same countries , flaring up each spring amongst the poorest people living on diets containing much corn and very little animal food ( ie , meat , eggs or dairy products ) or wine and being generally in a state of wretchedness .
Nothing of the sort was seen in areas where wheat and rice were the staple foods , even when they were highly milled .
Most scientists agreed on this association with corn , though not on what was the true cause-and-effect relationship .
Research in the present century has shown that pellagra is primarily due to a dietary deficiency of niacin .
However , the niacin content of different foods did not tie in well with their pellagra-preventive value .
But then it was discovered that a second nutrient , tryptophan , could act as precursor of the vitamin with approximately one sixtieth of the activity of the actual vitamin .
The "niacin equivalent" values of foods ( calculated from their content of both nutrients ) show a much better correlation with their pellagra-preventive value .
Thus , mature corn is lower in niacin content than are wheat and rice ; also the mixed proteins of corn are lower in their tryptophan content .
What is not explained by the calculation of "niacin equivalent" is the general freedom from pellagra of the peasants in Mexico and Central America , where corn has been the staple for millenia and where poverty , the consequent lack of animal foods in the diet , and general misery , have been fully equal to the conditions in Europe .
It has been known for 40 years that analytical values for the niacin content of foods depended greatly on the method of extraction used , with the highest values being obtained after treatment with alkali .
We have confirmed with rat growth assays that the niacin in corn , wheat and rice is only about one-third available to this species , even after ordinary cooking at neutral pH . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS ) | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: But then it was discovered that a second nutrient , tryptophan , could act as precursor of the vitamin with approximately one sixtieth of the activity of the actual vitamin .
[ Sen. 11, subscore: 1.00 ]: Thus , mature corn is lower in niacin content than are wheat and rice ; also the mixed proteins of corn are lower in their tryptophan content .
| |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Isolation and identification of N2-fixing Pseudomonas associated with wetland rice .
| | Author: Barraquio WL Ladha JK Watanabe I | | Journal: Can .
J Microbiol .
Citation: V : 29 ( 8 ) P : 867-73 Year: 1983 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6418364 Accession (PMID): 6418364 | | Abstract: Semisolid yeast extract medium amended with glucose and tryptic soy agar were used to isolate aerobically N2-fixing ( C2H2-reducing ) heterotrophic bacteria from the root of wetland rice .
The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas by gel immunodiffusion and fluorescent antibody techniques in combination with their morphological , cultural , and biochemical characteristics .
The N2-fixing H2-utilizing Pseudomonas described in this paper is a new species . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Semisolid yeast extract medium amended with glucose and tryptic soy agar were used to isolate aerobically N2-fixing ( C2H2-reducing ) heterotrophic bacteria from the root of wetland rice .
| |
Score: 2.00 |
|---|
| Title: Inactivation of rice bran thiamine-binding protein by N , N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide .
| | Author: Nishimura H Sempuku K Nosaka K Iwashima A | | Journal: J Biochem .
Citation: V : 96 ( 4 ) P : 1289-95 Year: 1984 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6520124 Accession (PMID): 6520124 | | Abstract: The addition of a carboxyl-modifying reagent N , N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ( DCCD ) to thiamine-binding protein isolated from rice bran resulted in a remarkable loss of its binding activity with [ 14C ] thiamine .
Thiamine and chloroethylthiamine substantially protected the protein against inactivation by DCCD , whereas thiamine phosphates did not .
Another carboxyl reagent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1 , 2-dihydroquinoline ( EEDQ ) also inactivated rice bran thiamine-binding protein .
Inactivation of the thiamine-binding protein was accompanied by covalent binding of DCCD to the protein as shown by the use of [ 14C ] DCCD .
The binding of [ 14C ] DCCD to the thiamine-binding protein was specific , and significantly inhibited by the addition of thiamine .
The loss of thiamine-binding activity was proportional to the specific binding of [ 14C ] DCCD .
For complete inactivation of the thiamine-binding activity , the binding of 2 . 46 mol of [ 14C ] DCCD per mol of thiamine-binding protein was required .
Furthermore , limited proteolysis of the binding protein by trypsin yielded two polypeptides with molecular weights of 35 , 000 ( large polypeptide ) and 12 , 500 ( small polypeptide ) which were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
The binding sites of [ 14C ] DCCD were found to be located on the large polypeptide .
These results suggest that a specific carboxyl residue in the large polypeptide releasable from rice bran thiamine-binding protein by trypsin digestion when modified by DCCD is involved in the binding of thiamine . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Furthermore , limited proteolysis of the binding protein by trypsin yielded two polypeptides with molecular weights of 35 , 000 ( large polypeptide ) and 12 , 500 ( small polypeptide ) which were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: These results suggest that a specific carboxyl residue in the large polypeptide releasable from rice bran thiamine-binding protein by trypsin digestion when modified by DCCD is involved in the binding of thiamine .
| |
Score: 4.00 |
|---|
| Title: Nutritional significance of a rice bran concentrate with trypsin inhibitor activity .
| | Author: Maki Z Tashiro M | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 29 ( 3 ) P : 293-302 Year: 1983 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6619992 Accession (PMID): 6619992 | | Abstract: A rice bran protein concentrate ( RBPC ) was prepared from de-fatted rice bran by extraction with a 1% sodium chloride solution and by acetone-precipitation .
This protein concentrate contained 45% protein , which was as good as casein in terms of protein quality being judged from the results of amino acid analysis .
On the other hand , RBPC possessed the trypsin inhibitor activity corresponding to the complete inhibition of about 6 mg of bovine trypsin per 1 g of dry material The activity was , however , completely destroyed by autoclaving RBPC for 30 min at 121 degrees C In vitro digestion tests showed that RBPC was easily digested by pepsin but was resistant to the attack by trypsin , compared with autoclaved RBPC .
Concerning in vivo digestion , however , there was no significant difference in apparent nitrogen digestibility between RBPC and the heated RBPC .
In growth experiments with weanling rats fed a 10% level of protein diet , growth depression and the tendency of slight pancreatic hypertrophy were observed in rats receiving a RBPC diet .
It is presumed that one of the reasons which explains these phenomena is the presence of trypsin inhibitor in RBPC . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 3.00 ]: On the other hand , RBPC possessed the trypsin inhibitor activity corresponding to the complete inhibition of about 6 mg of bovine trypsin per 1 g of dry material The activity was , however , completely destroyed by autoclaving RBPC for 30 min at 121 degrees C In vitro digestion tests showed that RBPC was easily digested by pepsin but was resistant to the attack by trypsin , compared with autoclaved RBPC .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: It is presumed that one of the reasons which explains these phenomena is the presence of trypsin inhibitor in RBPC .
| |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: [ Tryptophan content of cereal proteins ] | | Author: Wieser H Seilmeier W Eggert M Belitz HD .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 177 ( 6 ) P : 457-60 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6666351 Accession (PMID): 6666351 | | Abstract: The tryptophan contents of the albumin , globulin , prolamine and glutelin fractions from wheat , rye , barley , oat , sorghum , rice and maize were estimated by HPLC after alkaline hydrolysis .
Complete amino acid compositions , including the amide contents , are given for all these protein fractions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The tryptophan contents of the albumin , globulin , prolamine and glutelin fractions from wheat , rye , barley , oat , sorghum , rice and maize were estimated by HPLC after alkaline hydrolysis .
| |
Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Blood parasites of wild and domestic animals from South Kalimantan ( Borneo ) , Indonesia .
| | Author: Masbar S Palmieri JR Marwoto HA Purnomo Darwis F | | Journal: Southeast Asian J Trop . Med . Public Health Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 42-6 Year: 1981 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub6789456 Accession (PMID): 6789456 | | Abstract: Wild and domestic animals trapped from forests , villages , and rice fields in South Kalimantan ( 3 degrees 20 S , 115 degrees 02 E , 25 m ) were examined for blood parasites using Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films and Nuclepore filter preparations of peripheral vein and heart puncture blood .
Presbytis cristatus ( silvered leaf monkey ) ( 25% ) and Felis catus ( domestic cat ) ( 7% ) were infected with Brugia malayi and B pahangi .
In addition , P cristatus was infected with Wuchereria kalimantani ( 35% ) ; Cardiofilaria sp .
( 1% ) and Dirofilaria sp .
( 1% ) .
Microfilariae of Cardiofilaria were also recovered from Callosciurus notatus ( squirrel ) , Pitta sordida ( bird ) , Pycnonotus goiavier ( bird ) and Gallus gallus ( bird ) .
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus ( civet ) and Muntiacus muncak ( barking deer ) , were positive for Dirofilaria sp .
Bos indicus ( cow ) for Onchocerca sp . and Nectarinia jugularis ( bird ) for Splendidofilaria sp .
Plasmodium coatneyi was found in 22% of the P cristatus examined .
Plasmodium sp . was also recovered from Zaocys fuscus and Ahaetulla prasina ( reptile ) ; Muscicapa sp .
Lonchura malacca , Orthotomus sericeus , Rhipidura javanica , Treron vernans , Pycnonotus melanoleucus and G gallus ( bird ) .
In addition 39% of the Cynopterus brachyotis and 29% of C horsfieldi ( fruit bats ) were infected with Hepatocystis pteropi .
A single G gallus was infected with Leucocytozoon sabrazesi and another with Trypanosoma sp .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 13, subscore: 1.00 ]: A single G gallus was infected with Leucocytozoon sabrazesi and another with Trypanosoma sp .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effect on nitrogen retention by adults of different proportions of indispensable amino acids in isonitrogenous cereal-based based diets .
| | Author: Clark HE Brewer MF Bailey LB .
| | Journal: Adv . Exp . Med . Biol . Citation: V : 105 ( ) P : 79-90 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub727031 Accession (PMID): 727031 | | Abstract: Nitrogen retention of adults who consumed diets in which cereals furnished 6 . 0 g N and 0 . 9 g of lysine was improved by increasing lysine to 1 . 8 g without altering other amino acids .
In a second experiment , 70% of the 6 . 0 g of dietary N was supplied by rice + wheat and 30% by mixtures of amino acids so designed that the total intakes of amino acids were equivalent to those in diets containing 6 . 0 g N from whole egg ( E ) , egg + potato ( EP ) , rice + wheat ( RW ) , rice + soy ( RS ) , wheat + milk ( WM ) or corn + beans ( CB ) .
Mean N balances of young men in descending order were , g/day : E 0 . 69 +/- 0 . 23 , RS 0 . 44 +/- 0 . 15 , EP 0 . 43 +/- 0 . 09 , WM 0 . 24 +/- 0 . 16 , CB 0 . 16 +/- 0 . 13 and RW -0 . 02 +/- 0 . 10 .
In the same order , these diet provided , g/day : lysine 2 . 6 , 1 . 9 , 2 . 3 , 1 . 6 , 1 . 4 and 1 . 0 ; S-acids 2 . 2 , 1 . 7 , 1 . 6 , 2 . 2 , 1 . 9 and 2 . 3 ; and tryptophan 0 . 7 , 0 . 4 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 5 , 0 . 3 and 0 . 4 .
N balances resulting from diets E , RS and EP did not differ significantly from each other but E was superior to CB and RW ( P less than 0 . 01 ) .
Relative amounts and propertions of the essential amino acids could be varied without altering nitrogen retention until at least one amino acid became limiting .
Several patterns of indispensable amino acids therefore may be equally effective in meeting needs of adults , but both amounts and relative proportions should be considered .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the same order , these diet provided , g/day : lysine 2 . 6 , 1 . 9 , 2 . 3 , 1 . 6 , 1 . 4 and 1 . 0 ; S-acids 2 . 2 , 1 . 7 , 1 . 6 , 2 . 2 , 1 . 9 and 2 . 3 ; and tryptophan 0 . 7 , 0 . 4 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 5 , 0 . 3 and 0 . 4 .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: Primary structure of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from horse muscle .
II .
Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide peptides CB1-CB4 and CB6-CB14 , sequence of methionine-containing regions , and complete sequence of the enzyme .
| | Author: Merrett M | | Journal: J Biol . Chem . Citation: V : 256 ( 20 ) P : 10293-305 Year: 1981 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7287713 Accession (PMID): 7287713 | | Abstract: The amino acid sequences of 13 of the 14 cyanogen bromide peptides of horse muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase have been determined .
These peptides together constitute 75% of the structure of the enzyme .
Except for the smallest peptides , automated sequence analysis of the parent peptide was employed together with the automated or manual ( 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl ( dansyl ) -Edman method ) sequencing of relevant peptides obtained by proteolytic digestion .
In the case of the five smallest peptides , all between 6 and 11 residues in length , sequences were derived from analyses of the intact peptides .
CB14a , a peptide produced in low yield during the preparation of the cyanogen bromide fragments , was helpful in the sequence analysis of CB14 .
This peptide appeared to have arisen as the result of a cyanogen bromide cleavage on the carboxyl side of a tryptophanyl residue .
The sequences of these 13 cyanogen bromide peptides , together with that of CB1 , reported previously ( Hardy , G W , Darbre , A , and Merrett , M ( 1981 ) J Biol . Chem . 256 , 10284-10292 ) , have been combined with data obtained from the sequence analysis of tryptic peptides derived from the methionine-containing regions of the enzyme to determine the complete sequence .
Isolation of these overlap peptides was facilitated by the labeling of methionyl residues with iodo [ 2-14C ] acetic acid prior to tryptic digestion .
Tryptophan-containing tryptic peptides were also isolated , and their sequence analysis enabled the positions of the four tryptophanyl residues to be established .
In this way , the problem caused by tryptophan degradation during the preparation of the cyanogen bromide fragments was overcome .
The NH2 terminus of CB1 , the NH2-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide , was identified as N-acetyl serine by mass spectrometry .
The alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments of horse muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase described here is in complete agreement with that based on X-ray analysis of the enzyme reported previously ( Banks , R D , Blake , C C F , Evans , P R , Haser , R , Rice , D W , Hardy , G W , Merrett , M , and Phillips , A W ( 1979 ) Nature 279 , 773-777 ) .
The complete structure is comprised of 416 residues and has a molecular weight of 44 , 519 .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 3.00 ]: Tryptophan-containing tryptic peptides were also isolated , and their sequence analysis enabled the positions of the four tryptophanyl residues to be established .
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: This peptide appeared to have arisen as the result of a cyanogen bromide cleavage on the carboxyl side of a tryptophanyl residue .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The sequences of these 13 cyanogen bromide peptides , together with that of CB1 , reported previously ( Hardy , G W , Darbre , A , and Merrett , M ( 1981 ) J Biol . Chem . 256 , 10284-10292 ) , have been combined with data obtained from the sequence analysis of tryptic peptides derived from the methionine-containing regions of the enzyme to determine the complete sequence .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: Isolation of these overlap peptides was facilitated by the labeling of methionyl residues with iodo [ 2-14C ] acetic acid prior to tryptic digestion .
[ Sen. 10, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this way , the problem caused by tryptophan degradation during the preparation of the cyanogen bromide fragments was overcome .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Effects of paddy water and some photosensitizers on the photolysis of the fungicide isoprothiolane .
| | Author: Chou SS Eto M | | Journal: Citation: V : 15 ( 2 ) P : 135-46 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7365205 Accession (PMID): 7365205 | | Abstract: The fungicide isoprothiolane ( diisopropyl 1 , 3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate ) decomposed slowly in deionized water under ultraviolet light or sunlight irradiation .
Rice-paddy water greatly accelerated the photodegradation .
This photosensitizing effect was comparable to that of 2% acetone .
Soil extracts , rice-plant extracts , and chlorophylls showed little effect for the isoprothiolane photolysis .
Tryptophan showed a relatively weak accelerating effect after a considerable lag time .
Riboflavin exerted a remarkable acceleration of the photolysis .
This effect was suppressed by a nitrogen gas stream . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptophan showed a relatively weak accelerating effect after a considerable lag time .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Demonstration of the presence of coeliac-activating gliadin-like epitopes in malted barley .
| | Author: Ellis HJ Doyle AP Day P Wieser H Ciclitira PJ .
| | Journal: Int . Arch . Allergy Immunol .
Citation: V : 104 ( 3 ) P : 308-10 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7518270 Accession (PMID): 7518270 | | Abstract: A peptide B3144 , derived after peptic tryptic digestion of alpha-gliadin and corresponding to residues 3-56 from the coeliac-activating domain I , was previously used to produce monoclonal antibodies .
A dot immunobinding assay was developed using these antibodies to detect gluten in wheat , rye , barley and oats .
The limit of sensitivity of the assay was 1 microgram/ml for unfractionated wheat gliadin and rye prolamins , and 5 micrograms/ml for barley and oat prolamins .
Extracts of flours from coeliac non-toxic rice , maize , millet and sorghum gave negative results .
Malt , which represents a partial hydrolysate of barley prolamins , was shown to contain the equivalent of 100-200 mg of barley prolamins/100 g of malt .
The assay demonstrates the presence of intact epitopes from the coeliac-activating domain I of alpha-gliadins in malted barley , suggesting toxicity .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A peptide B3144 , derived after peptic tryptic digestion of alpha-gliadin and corresponding to residues 3-56 from the coeliac-activating domain I , was previously used to produce monoclonal antibodies .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from soil in north-eastern Thailand .
| | Author: Wuthiekanun V Smith MD Dance DA White NJ .
| | Journal: Trans .
R Soc . Trop . Med . Hyg . Citation: V : 89 ( 1 ) P : 41-3 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7538233 Accession (PMID): 7538233 | | Abstract: In order to optimize the recovery from soil of Pseudomonas pseudomallei , the cause of melioidosis , 3 selective broths were compared .
A basal salt solution containing L-threonine ( TBSS ) performed significantly better than trypticase soy broth containing crystal violet and colistin 50 mg/L ( CVC50 ) , both in isolation rate and suppression of overgrowth of other organisms , but the addition of colistin to TBSS gave the best results overall .
In a survey in north-eastern Thailand , P pseudomallei was recovered from 114 ( 68% ) of the 167 sites tested .
A detailed study of a single rice farm showed that the isolation rate increased with depth of soil sample , and P pseudomallei could still be isolated during the dry season , although only from moist soil in areas where other crops were cultivated and around the water source .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A basal salt solution containing L-threonine ( TBSS ) performed significantly better than trypticase soy broth containing crystal violet and colistin 50 mg/L ( CVC50 ) , both in isolation rate and suppression of overgrowth of other organisms , but the addition of colistin to TBSS gave the best results overall .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of expansins--a highly conserved , multigene family of proteins that mediate cell wall extension in plants .
| | Author: Shcherban TY Shi J Durachko DM Guiltinan MJ McQueen-Mason SJ Shieh M Cosgrove DJ .
| | Journal: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA Citation: V : 92 ( 20 ) P : 9245-9 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7568110 Accession (PMID): 7568110 | | Abstract: Expansins are unusual proteins discovered by virtue of their ability to mediate cell wall extension in plants .
We identified cDNA clones for two cucumber expansins on the basis of peptide sequences of proteins purified from cucumber hypocotyls .
The expansin cDNAs encode related proteins with signal peptides predicted to direct protein secretion to the cell wall .
Northern blot analysis showed moderate transcript abundance in the growing region of the hypocotyl and no detectable transcripts in the nongrowing region .
Rice and Arabidopsis expansin cDNAs were identified from collections of anonymous cDNAs ( expressed sequence tags ) .
Sequence comparisons indicate at least four distinct expansin cDNAs in rice and at least six in Arabidopsis .
Expansins are highly conserved in size and sequence ( 60-87% amino acid sequence identity and 75-95% similarity between any pairwise comparison ) , and phylogenetic trees indicate that this multigene family formed before the evolutionary divergence of monocotyledons and dicotyledons .
Sequence and motif analyses show no similarities to known functional domains that might account for expansin action on wall extension .
A series of highly conserved tryptophans may function in expansin binding to cellulose or other glycans .
The high conservation of this multigene family indicates that the mechanism by which expansins promote wall extensin tolerates little variation in protein structure .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: A series of highly conserved tryptophans may function in expansin binding to cellulose or other glycans .
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Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Arg-27 , Arg-127 and Arg-155 in the beta-trefoil protein barley alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor are interface residues in the complex with barley alpha-amylase 2 .
| | Author: Rodenburg KW Vrallyay E Svendsen I Svensson B | | Journal: Biochem .
J Citation: V : 309 ( Pt 3 ) ( ) P : 969-76 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7639717 Accession (PMID): 7639717 | | Abstract: Arginine residues in barley alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor ( BASI ) involved in binding to barely alpha-amylase 2 ( AMY2 ) were differentially labelled using AMY2 as protectant and phenylglyoxal ( PGO ) and [ 14C ] PGO as modifying agents .
Chymotryptic fragments of labelled BASI were purified by reverse-phase HPLC , and we concluded that the radiolabelled Arg-27 , Arg-155 and most likely Arg-127 , identified by amino acid , sequence and 14C analyses , are protected by AMY2 .
While Arg-106 and Arg-107 showed intermediate reactivity and apparently were only partly accessible , Arg-15 , Arg-41 and Arg-61 reacted with PGO and were thus exposed in the BASI-AMY2 complex Patterns of arginine modification by [ 14C ] PGO in free or in AMY2-complexed BASI were consistent with the results of differential labelling .
The AMY2-protected arginines in BASI are at a distance from each other , as deduced from crystal structures of different beta-trefoil proteins ( Erythrina caffra and soybean trypsin inhibitors , interleukin-1 alpha and -1 beta and WASI , the wheat homologue ) , suggesting that the BASI-AMY2 complex has multiple contacts at a larger interface .
Accordingly , 11-16-residue-long BASI oligopeptides synthesized to include Arg-27 , Arg-106/Arg-107 or Arg-127 were unable to suppress the formation of BASI-AMY2 or the effect of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody to BASI .
Since Arg-27 is not conserved in rice and wheat ASIs , we further propose that Arg-155 in BASI is the kinetically identified PGO-sensitive group that is essential for inhibition [ Abe , Sidenius and Svensson ( 1993 ) Biochem .
J 293 , 151-155 ] .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The AMY2-protected arginines in BASI are at a distance from each other , as deduced from crystal structures of different beta-trefoil proteins ( Erythrina caffra and soybean trypsin inhibitors , interleukin-1 alpha and -1 beta and WASI , the wheat homologue ) , suggesting that the BASI-AMY2 complex has multiple contacts at a larger interface .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of a rice cDNA similar to the bovine brain-specific 14-3-3 protein gene .
| | Author: Kidou S Umeda M Kato A Uchimiya H | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 21 ( 1 ) P : 191-4 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7678761 Accession (PMID): 7678761 | | Abstract: We isolated a rice cDNA clone which is similar to the bovine brain-specific 14-3-3 protein ( an activator protein of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase involved in the synthetic pathway of monoamine ) gene .
The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA indicated a surprising similarity to a potent inhibitor of Ca ( 2+ ) -phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C DNA blot analysis indicated that this gene is located at more than a single locus in rice genome DNA .
Expression of this gene is regulated by external stresses . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: We isolated a rice cDNA clone which is similar to the bovine brain-specific 14-3-3 protein ( an activator protein of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase involved in the synthetic pathway of monoamine ) gene .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of oryzatensin : a novel bioactive peptide with ileum-contracting and immunomodulating activities derived from rice albumin .
| | Author: Takahashi M Moriguchi S Yoshikawa M Sasaki R | | Journal: Biochem . Mol . Biol . Int . Citation: V : 33 ( 6 ) P : 1151-8 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7804141 Accession (PMID): 7804141 | | Abstract: A novel bioactive peptide was isolated from the tryptic digest of rice soluble protein based on ileum-contracting and anti-opioid activities in the isolated guinea pig ileum .
The structure of the peptide was Gly-Tyr-Pro-Met-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro-Arg , and it was named oryzatensin .
Oryzatensin showed a biphasic ileum-contraction , which was characterized by a rapid contraction followed by a slower one .
The latter was mediated by the cholinergic nervous system because it was inhibited by tetrodotoxin and atropine .
Although oryzatensin showed weak affinity for mu-opioid receptors , the apparent anti-opioid activity seemed to be associated with the slower contraction .
On the other hand , oryzatensin showed phagocytosis-promoting activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and augmented the production of superoxide anion by human peripheral leukocytes . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A novel bioactive peptide was isolated from the tryptic digest of rice soluble protein based on ileum-contracting and anti-opioid activities in the isolated guinea pig ileum .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Identification of sulphur-rich proteins which resist rumen degradation and are hydrolysed rapidly by intestinal proteases .
| | Author: Hancock KR Ealing PM White DW .
| | Journal: Br .
J Nutr .
Citation: V : 72 ( 6 ) P : 855-63 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7827006 Accession (PMID): 7827006 | | Abstract: Several proteins with high proportions of S-containing essential amino acids were incubated in sheep rumen fluid in vitro and their rate of digestion was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis .
The S-rich proteins rice prolamin ( 10 kDa ) , maize zein ( 10 kDa ) and the 3 . 2 kDa pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima L ) trypsin inhibitor-1 ( CMTI-1 ) were highly resistant to rumen fluid degradation , relative to control proteins of known degradation rate ( casein , bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) and pea ( Pisum sativum ) albumin-1 ( PA1 ) ) .
Comparison of PA1 and a recombinant N-terminal epitope-tagged PA1 indicated that addition of the epitope caused a slight increase in resistance to rumen degradation .
The proteins were also incubated with a mixture of trypsin ( EC 3 . 4 . 21 . 4 ) and chymotrypsin ( EC 3 . 4 . 21 . 1 ) .
PA1 , BSA and casein were hydrolysed less rapidly than rice prolamin , maize zein and CMTI-1 .
Digestion by these intestinal proteases appeared to be complete .
Thus , the prolamin , zein and CMTI-1 proteins are suitable candidates for expression as foreign proteins in pasture plants to increase throughput and uptake of essential amino acids in sheep .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The S-rich proteins rice prolamin ( 10 kDa ) , maize zein ( 10 kDa ) and the 3 . 2 kDa pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima L ) trypsin inhibitor-1 ( CMTI-1 ) were highly resistant to rumen fluid degradation , relative to control proteins of known degradation rate ( casein , bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) and pea ( Pisum sativum ) albumin-1 ( PA1 ) ) .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The proteins were also incubated with a mixture of trypsin ( EC 3 . 4 . 21 . 4 ) and chymotrypsin ( EC 3 . 4 . 21 . 1 ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: LAT52 protein is essential for tomato pollen development : pollen expressing antisense LAT52 RNA hydrates and germinates abnormally and can not achieve fertilization .
| | Author: Muschietti J Dircks L Vancanneyt G McCormick S | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 6 ( 3 ) P : 321-38 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7920720 Accession (PMID): 7920720 | | Abstract: The LAT52 gene of tomato is expressed in a pollen-specific manner .
It is shown that LAT52 encodes a heat-stable , glycosylated protein that traverses the secretory pathway when expressed in a baculovirus expression system .
The LAT52 protein shows some similarity with Kunitz trypsin inhibitors and with pollen proteins from maize , rice and olive , but the biological function of these pollen proteins is unknown .
To test whether the LAT52 protein plays an important role during pollen development , tomato plants were transformed with an antisense LAT52 gene driven by the LAT52 promoter .
Because the LAT52 gene is expressed gametophytically , only 50% of the pollen of the primary transformants would be expected to express the antisense construct .
Selfprogeny of 19 of the primary transformants showed the predicted 3 : 1 segregation for a single locus insertion of the linked kanamycin-resistance gene .
However , the self-progeny of the other 32 primary transformants showed a 1 : 1 segregation pattern and could not transmit the linked kanamycin-resistance gene through the male .
A subset of these 1 : 1 segregation class plants was examined in detail .
The pollen showed lower levels of LAT52 mRNA and LAT52 protein when compared with wild-type .
In vitro , approximately 50% of the pollen grains appear to hydrate abnormally ; this anomaly is not present when the same pollen grains are incubated in a medium with higher water potential In vivo pollination experiments showed that the growth of around 50% of the pollen tubes is arrested in the style .
The 3 : 1 segregation class plants showed no significant differences from untransformed control plants .
Taken together , the results show a direct correlation between the reduced expression of LAT52 protein and abnormal pollen function , and suggest that the LAT52 protein plays a role in pollen hydration and/or pollen germination .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The LAT52 protein shows some similarity with Kunitz trypsin inhibitors and with pollen proteins from maize , rice and olive , but the biological function of these pollen proteins is unknown .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: On the identification of group II introns in nucleotide sequence data .
| | Author: Knoop V Kloska S Brennicke A | | Journal: J Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 242 ( 4 ) P : 389-96 Year: 1994 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7932698 Accession (PMID): 7932698 | | Abstract: Four different consensus sequences ( GTI , group II identifiers ) have been derived from domains V of known group II introns and are used as query input sequences for sensitive database screenings with the FASTA and LFASTA programs .
The set of four GTI sequences can identify all domains V of the 96 known group II introns in the completely sequenced chloroplast genomes of Marchantia polymorpha , Epifagus virginiana , Oryza sativa , Nicotiana tabacum and the completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Podospora anserina , Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Marchantia polymorpha .
Seven moderately high-scoring hits can easily be rejected as false-positives since they do not fulfil secondary structure requirements .
Large FASTA outputs obtained after screening the entire nucleotide sequence database are evaluated in a second step by a program ( D5SCAN ) that allows the assignment of variable selection criteria for potential domain V secondary structures .
Database searches with these routines yield evidence for several group II intron sequences previously unrecognized .
These include novel intron structures in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis and in the mitochondrial genomes of Marchantia , soybean , pea , broad bean , sugar beet and a heterobasidiomycete .
Potential intron remnants are found contributing to the secondary structure of rRNAs in several trypanosome species .
At a given sensitivity of 95% positively identified true domains V , the search routine produces one false positive hit per 10 , 000 kb . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: Potential intron remnants are found contributing to the secondary structure of rRNAs in several trypanosome species .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection via contaminated water and food ] | | Author: Calvo-Mndez ML Nogueda-Torres B Alejandre-Aguilar R Corts-Jimnez M | | Journal: Rev . Latinoam . Microbiol . Citation: V : 36 ( 1 ) P : 67-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub7938944 Accession (PMID): 7938944 | | Abstract: In order to determine the efficiency of different foods and water to maintain the infectivity of T cruzi , the percentage of animals that resulted infected when they were ingested was registered .
The materials were contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes from triatomine bugs feces , the infection in the mice were registered by directed observation of the parasite in the blood and corroborate by xenodiagnosis .
Pasteurized milk infected the highest number of mice and the infectivity lasted longer than any other item tested .
The efficacy of infectivity of fresh cheese and rice lasted after three hours and the percentage of infected mice was lower than with milk .
Cooked and raw beefmeal and water resulted in the lowest , although similar number of infected mice .
The infective capacity lasted only for a short time .
It appears that the main differences obtained in infectivity depended on the different contents of moisture and nutrients in the solution . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The materials were contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes from triatomine bugs feces , the infection in the mice were registered by directed observation of the parasite in the blood and corroborate by xenodiagnosis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Agricultural development paths and pest management : a pragmatic view of sustainability .
| | Author: Norton G | | Journal: Ciba Found . Symp . Citation: V : 177 ( ) P : 100-9 ; discussion 110-5 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8149816 Accession (PMID): 8149816 | | Abstract: Historical profiles can be used to portray past pathways of agricultural development , the factors that affected pest status and the responses made by farmers in the form of pest management .
Understanding the key factors affecting these historical developments is thought to be crucial for identifying likely future scenarios and associated opportunities and constraints for improving pest management .
Evidence for this view is provided by four case studies : brassica pests in the United Kingdom ; tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis management in The Gambia ; rice pest management in the Lop-Buri area of Thailand ; and pest management in dryland cotton in north-east Australia . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Evidence for this view is provided by four case studies : brassica pests in the United Kingdom ; tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis management in The Gambia ; rice pest management in the Lop-Buri area of Thailand ; and pest management in dryland cotton in north-east Australia .
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Score: 6.00 |
|---|
| Title: Overproduction of indole acetic acid in Azospirillum lipoferum using the Escherichia coli trp operon .
| | Author: Cho MJ Gal SW Choi YJ Yoon HW Kim CY Hong JC Bahk JD .
| | Journal: Microb .
Releases Citation: V : 1 ( 4 ) P : 197-202 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8281358 Accession (PMID): 8281358 | | Abstract: A recombinant plasmid carrying the trp operon from Escherichia coli , which synthesizes tryptophan from chorismate , was constructed by using a broad host range plasmid vector pRK290 ; a mutant trp plasmid for tryptophan overproduction was then selected .
The physiological , biochemical , and genetic properties of the Azospirillum lipoferum KY6 , a potential nitrogen fixer of rice , harbouring the recombinant trp plasmid pMJC1 and its mutant pMJC101 , were compared with those of the wild-type bacteria .
Anthranilate synthetase is known to be the trpE gene product which plays a key role in the regulatory step in the feedback control of tryptophan biosynthesis .
The enzyme activity of the Azospirillum lipoferum KY6 carrying pMJC1 or pMJC101 was respectively 7 and 30-fold higher than that of the wild type in the presence of 10 ( -4 ) M tryptophan .
As expected , the amount of tryptophan biosynthesis in A lipoferum KY6 ( pMJC101 ) was increased approximately 100-fold as compared with the wild type , which led to overproduction of indole acetic acid even without addition of exogenous tryptophan .
Moreover , the recombinant trp plasmid was fairly stable in A lipoferum KY6 host , showing only 25% loss of the plasmid itself or the trp insert after 40 generations .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: A recombinant plasmid carrying the trp operon from Escherichia coli , which synthesizes tryptophan from chorismate , was constructed by using a broad host range plasmid vector pRK290 ; a mutant trp plasmid for tryptophan overproduction was then selected .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 2.00 ]: As expected , the amount of tryptophan biosynthesis in A lipoferum KY6 ( pMJC101 ) was increased approximately 100-fold as compared with the wild type , which led to overproduction of indole acetic acid even without addition of exogenous tryptophan .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Anthranilate synthetase is known to be the trpE gene product which plays a key role in the regulatory step in the feedback control of tryptophan biosynthesis .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: The enzyme activity of the Azospirillum lipoferum KY6 carrying pMJC1 or pMJC101 was respectively 7 and 30-fold higher than that of the wild type in the presence of 10 ( -4 ) M tryptophan .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of wheat triticin cDNA revealing a unique lysine-rich repetitive domain .
| | Author: Singh NK Donovan GR Carpenter HC Skerritt JH Langridge P | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 22 ( 2 ) P : 227-37 Year: 1993 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8507826 Accession (PMID): 8507826 | | Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies were raised against a purified 22 kDa triticin polypeptide ( delta ) and were used to screen a wheat seed cDNA library in the Escherichia coli expression vector lambda gt11 .
The isolated cDNA clones were grouped into three families based on their cross-hybridization reactions in DNA dot-blot studies .
Southern blots of genomic DNAs extracted from ditelocentric and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring wheat , probes with the excised cDNA inserts , indicated that one of the three families ( 9 clones ) had triticin clones .
This was finally confirmed by comparing the predicted amino acid sequences of two of these clones ( lambda Tri-12 , lambda Tri-25 ) with the published tryptic peptide sequences of triticin .
The Southern blots also showed that there is at least one triticin gene located on the short arm of each of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes ( 1A , 1B , 1D ) , although till now no triticin protein product has been identified for the chromosome 1B .
The nucleotide sequence of the largest triticin cDNA clone lambda Tri-25 ( 1567 bp ) is presented here , and its predicted amino acid sequence shows strong homology with the legumin-like proteins of oats ( 12S globulin ) , rice ( glutelin ) and legume seeds .
A unique feature of the triticin sequence is that it contains a lysine-rich repetitive domain , inserted in the hypervariable region of the typical legumin-like genes .
Northern blotting of total RNA extracted from different stages of the developing wheat seed revealed that the triticin gene expression is switched on 5-10 days after anthesis ( DAA ) .
There was a steady increase in the level of triticin mRNA until 20 DAA , after which it started decreasing .
The maximum mRNA accumulation occurred between 17 and 20 DAA .
These observations conform closely with the published data on triticin protein accumulation during grain development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: This was finally confirmed by comparing the predicted amino acid sequences of two of these clones ( lambda Tri-12 , lambda Tri-25 ) with the published tryptic peptide sequences of triticin .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Lysine and tryptophan in cereal-based diets for adult human subjects .
| | Author: Clark HE Bailey LB Brewer MF .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 30 ( 5 ) P : 674-80 Year: 1977 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub855810 Accession (PMID): 855810 | | Abstract: A basic diet containing rice , wheat , and corn that furnished 6 . 0 g of nitrogen per day was consumed by health young adults .
Two levels of lysine , 900 and 1800 mg , and three of tryptophan , 260 , 390 , and 520 mg , were tested .
Lysine exerted a significant effect ( P less than 0 . 05 ) on nitrogen retention but tryptophan did not .
When consumed in conjunction with at least twice the reported minimal requirements of other essential amino acids , 900 mg of lysine induced mean daily balances of 0 . 15 +/- 0 . 18 , 0 . 19 +/- 0 . 14 , and 0 . 22 +/- 0 . 21 g , respectively , in response to the three levels of tryptophan ; and 1800 mg of lysine caused retentions of 0 . 75 +/- 0 . 14 , 0 . 77 +/- 0 . 21 and 0 . 71 +/- 0 . 15 g .
These findings are discussed in relation to fulfillment of protein and amino acid requirements of adult human subjects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Two levels of lysine , 900 and 1800 mg , and three of tryptophan , 260 , 390 , and 520 mg , were tested .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lysine exerted a significant effect ( P less than 0 . 05 ) on nitrogen retention but tryptophan did not .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: When consumed in conjunction with at least twice the reported minimal requirements of other essential amino acids , 900 mg of lysine induced mean daily balances of 0 . 15 +/- 0 . 18 , 0 . 19 +/- 0 . 14 , and 0 . 22 +/- 0 . 21 g , respectively , in response to the three levels of tryptophan ; and 1800 mg of lysine caused retentions of 0 . 75 +/- 0 . 14 , 0 . 77 +/- 0 . 21 and 0 . 71 +/- 0 . 15 g .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Organisation of the mitochondrial genome of Trichophyton rubrum .
DNA sequence analysis of the ND4 gene , the ATPase subunit-6 gene , the ribosomal RNA small-subunit gene , the ND6 gene , the COXIII gene , the ATPase subunit-8 gene and six tRNA genes that correspond respectively to the tyrosine , lysine , glutamine , asparagine , isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors .
| | Author: de Bivre C Dujon B | | Journal: Curr . Genet . Citation: V : 28 ( 6 ) P : 553-9 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8593686 Accession (PMID): 8593686 | | Abstract: We present the nucleotide sequence of a 5207-bp-long region of the mitochondrial genome of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum .
This represents about 1/5th of the total genome and extends a previous study .
From the 5 end of the present sequence , the order of genes is as follows : the end of the ND4 gene , the gene coding for subunit 6 of ATPase , the gene coding for the small ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA ) , the tyrosyl tRNA gene , the ND6 gene , the COXIII gene , the ATPase 8 subunit gene and a cluster of tRNAs genes corresponding respectively to the lysine , glutamine , asparagine , isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors .
The interesting features of this region are its compact organisation , the presence of subunit 8 of the ATPase gene and the secondary structure of SSU rRNA which is close to that of Aspergillus nidulans .
On the basis of the order of the genes , which is essentially similar to that of A nidulans , we can also assume that the LSU rRNA subunit gene should be just upstream of this sequenced region . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: From the 5 end of the present sequence , the order of genes is as follows : the end of the ND4 gene , the gene coding for subunit 6 of ATPase , the gene coding for the small ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA ) , the tyrosyl tRNA gene , the ND6 gene , the COXIII gene , the ATPase 8 subunit gene and a cluster of tRNAs genes corresponding respectively to the lysine , glutamine , asparagine , isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Immunochemical and biochemical identification of the rice seed protein encoded by cDNA clone A3-12 .
| | Author: Nakase M Alvarez AM Adachi T Aoki N Nakamura R Matsuda T | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 60 ( 6 ) P : 1031-2 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8695904 Accession (PMID): 8695904 | | Abstract: Previously isolated cDNA clone A3-12 that was expressed in E coli as the fusion protein with Trp E showed immunoreactivity with the mouse antibody raised against isolated alpha-globulin from rice seed .
The N-terminal amino acid sequences determined for the purified alpha-globulin and its tryptic peptides were identical with the deduced amino acid sequence reported , except for two residues at the protein N terminus .
An error in the reported sequence was confirmed by re-sequencing the cDNA , the nucleotide sequence for the two N-terminal residues being shown to be CAGCTG and not CACGTG .
Thus , the protein encoded by cDNA clone A3-12 was identified to be the major rice seed globulin , alpha-globulin , with an apparent molecular mass of 26kDa . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The N-terminal amino acid sequences determined for the purified alpha-globulin and its tryptic peptides were identical with the deduced amino acid sequence reported , except for two residues at the protein N terminus .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of seed oil bodies and their surface oleosin isoforms from rice embryos .
| | Author: Chuang RL Chen JC Chu J Tzen JT .
| | Journal: J Biochem .
Citation: V : 120 ( 1 ) P : 74-81 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8864847 Accession (PMID): 8864847 | | Abstract: Plant seeds store triacylglycerols in discrete organelles called oil bodies .
An oil body stores a matrix of triacylglycerols surrounded by phospholipids and alkaline proteins termed oleosins .
Oil bodies in rice seeds are present in embryos and aleurone layers .
They do not coalesce in crowded environments , as observed on electron microscopy .
The detected isoelectric point of purified rice oil bodies is pH 6 . 2 .
This implies that rice oil bodies possess a negatively charged surface at neutral pH .
The suspension of rice oil bodies in pH 6 . 5 buffer induces aggregation .
Presumably , the negatively charged surface causes electrostatic repulsion that maintains rice oil bodies as discrete organelles .
Rice oil bodies lose their integrity on trypsin treatment .
Undoubtedly , oleosins play an important role in the stability of oil bodies .
There are two oleosin isoforms in rice oil bodies .
Antibodies raised against these two homologous isoforms do not cross-recognize each other .
Both isoforms are restricted to oil bodies , as detected on immuno-assaying .
Partial amino acid sequences of these two isoforms were obtained , and compared with the deduced sequences of two maize and two rice oleosin genes .
The comparison confirmed that the two major proteins in rice oil bodies are the two oleosin isoforms . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: Rice oil bodies lose their integrity on trypsin treatment .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of intestinally active proteinases of cyst-nematodes .
| | Author: Lilley CJ Urwin PE McPherson MJ Atkinson HJ .
| | Journal: Parasitology Citation: V : 113 ( Pt 4 ) ( ) P : 415-24 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8873479 Accession (PMID): 8873479 | | Abstract: Cryostat sections of juvenile and adult female stages of the soybean cyst-nematode , Heterodera glycines , were incubated with 4 different naphthylamide-linked peptide substrates to localize and characterize proteinase activity within the animal Detected activity was restricted to the intestine and 2 distinct classes of proteinase were identified on the basis of substrate specificity and sensitivity to plant proteinase inhibitors .
A cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase activity capable of hydrolysing the synthetic substrates Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-MNA and Z-Phe-Arg-MNA but not Z-Arg-Arg-MNA or L-Arg-NA was inhibited by an engineered variant of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from rice ( Oc-I delta D86 ) .
The cleavage of Z-Phe-Arg-MNA was sensitive to inhibition by a combination of Oc-I delta D86 and cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) .
Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify fragments of cysteine proteinase genes from 2 cyst-nematodes , H glycines and Globodera pallida .
Comparison of the H glycines fragment with known genes established highest homology to cathepsin L-like genes .
In contrast , the amplified G pallida fragment displayed greatest homology to cathepsin B-like genes from Caenorhabditis elegans .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The cleavage of Z-Phe-Arg-MNA was sensitive to inhibition by a combination of Oc-I delta D86 and cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) .
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Score: 7.00 |
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| Title: The tryptophan content in protein of cereal grains and legume seeds as a function of nitrogen content .
A reappraisal of tryptophan score .
| | Author: Delhaye S Landry J | | Journal: Adv . Exp . Med . Biol . Citation: V : 398 ( ) P : 661-4 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8906341 Accession (PMID): 8906341 | | Abstract: The tryptophan content ( [ Trp ] ) in the dry matter ( DM ) of wheat , maize , barley , sorghum , rice , pearl millet grains , pea and broad bean seeds is evaluated from samples , with various nitrogen contents ( [ N ] DM ) and genotypes , using a procedure that has been shown to be strictly quantitative .
The determination of linear correlations between [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM , and between the tryptophan content in protein ( [ Trp ] N ) and [ N ] DM or 1/ [ N ] DM for every species leads to the following observations : ( 1 ) [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM are linearly related .
The data show that previous reports of similar relationships underestimate tryptophan by 10 +/- 5% owing to tryptophan degradation during alkaline hydrolysis preparatory to analysis ; ( 2 ) the linear correlations between [ Trp ] N and 1/ [ N ] DM , resulting from linear relationships [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM display coefficients of determination ( r2 ) far lower than 1 and similar to those found for linear correlations between [ Trp ] N and [ N ] DM ; ( 3 ) [ Trp ] N increases with [ N ] DM increasing for rice and pearl millet while it decreases for all other species .
In conclusion : ( 1 ) linear relationships between tryptophan and nitrogen have a low predictive value ; ( 2 ) the nutritional score of tryptophan of foods and feeds , as calculated from the determination of tryptophan using a procedure involving alkaline hydrolysis , is generally underestimated by 10% .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 3.00 ]: In conclusion : ( 1 ) linear relationships between tryptophan and nitrogen have a low predictive value ; ( 2 ) the nutritional score of tryptophan of foods and feeds , as calculated from the determination of tryptophan using a procedure involving alkaline hydrolysis , is generally underestimated by 10% .
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 2.00 ]: The data show that previous reports of similar relationships underestimate tryptophan by 10 +/- 5% owing to tryptophan degradation during alkaline hydrolysis preparatory to analysis ; ( 2 ) the linear correlations between [ Trp ] N and 1/ [ N ] DM , resulting from linear relationships [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM display coefficients of determination ( r2 ) far lower than 1 and similar to those found for linear correlations between [ Trp ] N and [ N ] DM ; ( 3 ) [ Trp ] N increases with [ N ] DM increasing for rice and pearl millet while it decreases for all other species .
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The tryptophan content ( [ Trp ] ) in the dry matter ( DM ) of wheat , maize , barley , sorghum , rice , pearl millet grains , pea and broad bean seeds is evaluated from samples , with various nitrogen contents ( [ N ] DM ) and genotypes , using a procedure that has been shown to be strictly quantitative .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: The determination of linear correlations between [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM , and between the tryptophan content in protein ( [ Trp ] N ) and [ N ] DM or 1/ [ N ] DM for every species leads to the following observations : ( 1 ) [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM are linearly related .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Changes in activity , antigenicity , and molecular size of rice bran trypsin inhibitor by in vitro digestion .
| | Author: Tashiro M Ikegami S | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 42 ( 4 ) P : 367-76 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub8906637 Accession (PMID): 8906637 | | Abstract: Rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) was digested by pepsin alone or by pepsin and pancreatin with or without bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) to clarify the changes in trypsin inhibitory activity , apparent antigenicity , and molecular size of RBTI .
In vitro pepsin digestion of RBTI in the absence of BSA caused the gradual loss of the trypsin inhibitory activity and antigenicity .
This was mostly due to a progressive degradation of the native 14 . 5-kDa RBTI molecule to small molecular mass products .
The presence of BSA in the digestion mixture prevented the RBTI degradation and was accompanied with a considerable protection of the activity and antigenicity .
Similar results were also given by in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion .
These findings suggest that RBTI may be present in its active form in the gastrointestinal tract when fed to animals , especially with a dietary protein . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) was digested by pepsin alone or by pepsin and pancreatin with or without bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) to clarify the changes in trypsin inhibitory activity , apparent antigenicity , and molecular size of RBTI .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In vitro pepsin digestion of RBTI in the absence of BSA caused the gradual loss of the trypsin inhibitory activity and antigenicity .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Identification and amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides of a novel ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from rice .
| | Author: Swegle M Mattoo AK .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 37 ( 8 ) P : 1183-7 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9032969 Accession (PMID): 9032969 | | Abstract: A 37-kDa protein purified from rice thylakoid membranes has been identified as a ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase based on its catalysis of the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium via NADPH and its recognition by antibodies against ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase .
Amino acid sequences determined from tryptic fragments of the enzyme further confirm the identity of the protein and show the presence of unique sequences at the amino-terminus . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Amino acid sequences determined from tryptic fragments of the enzyme further confirm the identity of the protein and show the presence of unique sequences at the amino-terminus .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Anti-aflatoxigenic activity of Lactobacillus casei pseudoplantarum .
| | Author: Gourama H Bullerman LB .
| | Journal: Int .
J Food Microbiol .
Citation: V : 34 ( 2 ) P : 131-43 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9039560 Accession (PMID): 9039560 | | Abstract: Lactobacillus casei pseudoplantarum 371 isolated from a silage inoculant was found to inhibit aflatoxins B1 and G1 biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus subsp . parasiticus NRRI .
2999 , in liquid medium .
The inhibitory activity in the Lactobacillus cell-free supernatant was found to be sensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin , but resistant to pepsin .
Lab-Lemco tryptone broth ( LTB ) , supplemented with 20% of dialyzed protein concentrate of the supernatant , totally inhibited the production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 .
When the protein concentrate was digested with trypsin , the production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 was restored .
The inhibitory activity of the supernatant was inactivated within 10 min at 100 degrees C A flavus grown in the Lactobacillus cell-free supernatant did not produce a mutagenic response in the Salmonella mutagenicity test However , Lactobacillus casei pseudo plantarum 371 did not have an effect on aflatoxin production and mold growth as measured by ergosterol and plate count , when the organisms were inoculated together on sterile steamed rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 3, subscore: 1.00 ]: The inhibitory activity in the Lactobacillus cell-free supernatant was found to be sensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin , but resistant to pepsin .
[ Sen. 4, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lab-Lemco tryptone broth ( LTB ) , supplemented with 20% of dialyzed protein concentrate of the supernatant , totally inhibited the production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 .
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: When the protein concentrate was digested with trypsin , the production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 was restored .
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Score: 3.00 |
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| Title: Biochemical characteristics of a rice ( Oryza sativa L , IR36 ) G-protein alpha-subunit expressed in Escherichia coli .
| | Author: Seo HS Choi CH Lee SY Cho MJ Bahk JD .
| | Journal: Biochem .
J Citation: V : 324 ( Pt 1 ) ( ) P : 273-81 Year: 1997 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9164867 Accession (PMID): 9164867 | | Abstract: A cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein in rice ( RGA1 ) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and then isolated by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography .
The molecular mass of RGA1 bearing a His tag was approx .
49 kDa .
Immunoblot analysis using anti-RGA1 revealed that the RGA1 protein is most abundant in seedling leaves and least abundant in mature roots .
It exists at particularly high levels in the immature embryo after pellicle extrusion .
In addition , the RGA1 antiserum exhibited a difference in binding affinity for Galpha proteins from monocots ( maize and rice ) and dicots ( Arabidopsis , pea , soya bean and tomato ) ; whereas it cross-reacted with Galpha proteins of monocots , it did not with those of dicot plants .
When bound to guanosine 5- ( gamma-thio ) triphosphate ( GTP [ S ] ) , the RGA1 protein was partially protected from tryptic proteolysis .
In the presence of GTP [ S ] , trypsin cleaved the RGA1 protein into four fragments 24 , 14 , 11 and 5 kDa in size .
When RGA1 was bound to GDP , only the 5 kDa polypeptide was seen on SDS/PAGE after trypsin digestion .
Photoaffinity labelling with [ alpha-32P ] GTP and a GTP [ S ] -binding assay revealed that RGA1 incorporated 32P and showed specific binding to a guanine nucleotide .
Guanidine binding of RGA1 was affected by the concentration of MgCl2 ( maximum at 2 mM ) .
The rate of guanine nucleotide binding of RGA1 ( kon , GTP [ S ] =0 . 0141+/-0 . 0014 min-1 ) and , at steady state , the kcat value for GTP hydrolysis ( 0 . 0075+/-0 . 0001 min-1 ) were very low even at 2 mM MgCl2 .
The binding affinity for the nucleotides examined was in the order GTP-S >/= GTP > GDP > CTP > ATP >/= dTTP . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: When bound to guanosine 5- ( gamma-thio ) triphosphate ( GTP [ S ] ) , the RGA1 protein was partially protected from tryptic proteolysis .
[ Sen. 8, subscore: 1.00 ]: In the presence of GTP [ S ] , trypsin cleaved the RGA1 protein into four fragments 24 , 14 , 11 and 5 kDa in size .
[ Sen. 9, subscore: 1.00 ]: When RGA1 was bound to GDP , only the 5 kDa polypeptide was seen on SDS/PAGE after trypsin digestion .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Serine proteinase from rice bean .
| | Author: Basu PS Biswas C Majhi R Datta TK .
| | Journal: Indian J Biochem . Biophys . Citation: V : 33 ( 6 ) P : 491-7 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9219435 Accession (PMID): 9219435 | | Abstract: A trypsin like serine-proteinase of M ( r ) 16 , 000 Da , optimally active at pH 8 . 4 on N-benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester ( BAEE ) was purified from 4-day old germinated seeds of rice bean , Vigna umbellata ( Thunb ) , by ammonium sulphate precipitation , gel filtration , ion-exchange chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .
The purity of the enzyme was checked by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( PAGE ) .
The enzyme activity was studied on natural substrates like casein , haemoglobin and vicilin , a rice bean storage protein .
The activity of the enzyme was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride , but not by iodoacetamide and HgCl2 , suggesting it to be a serine protease .
Loss of activity in presence of EDTA was reversed by addition of Ca2+ .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A trypsin like serine-proteinase of M ( r ) 16 , 000 Da , optimally active at pH 8 . 4 on N-benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester ( BAEE ) was purified from 4-day old germinated seeds of rice bean , Vigna umbellata ( Thunb ) , by ammonium sulphate precipitation , gel filtration , ion-exchange chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Isolation and characterization of a 20 kD prolamin from kodo millet ( Paspalum scrobiculatum ) ( L ) : homology with other millets and cereals .
| | Author: Parameswaran KP Thayumanavan B | | Journal: Citation: V : 50 ( 4 ) P : 359-73 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9477430 Accession (PMID): 9477430 | | Abstract: The homologus 20 kD prolamin from kodo millet and other minor millets viz . barnyard , little and foxtail millets , were purified using preparative gel electrophoresis and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ( RP-HPLC ) .
The amino acid composition of the purified 20 kD prolamin protein from different minor millets revealed higher content of glutamic acid , alanine , leucine and serine and lower quantity of lysine and methionine .
They contain 55 to 58 percent of non-polar amino acids which make them more hydrophobic than other protein fractions .
The total number of amino acid residues per polypeptide chain ranged from 152 to 155 based on theoretical calculation .
Peptide mapping of the 20 kD prolamin hydrolyzed with trypsin gave fewer cleavage products than expected .
The antigenic relationships among these minor millets and cereals viz . wheat , maize , rice , sorghum , finger millet and pearl millet were studied using the antibody raised against the 20 kD prolamin .
Cross reactivity was seen in all the minor millets at the 20 kD region .
But in barnyard and little millets lower molecular weight polypeptides also cross reacted with the antibody .
Immunoblotting studies revealed that the prolamins from other cereals and millets are related to the 20 kD prolamin of kodo millet .
Rice was the only common cereal that did not cross react immunologically with the antibody raised against 20 kD prolamin of kodo millet .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: Peptide mapping of the 20 kD prolamin hydrolyzed with trypsin gave fewer cleavage products than expected .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Limiting amino acids for a corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than three months of age .
| | Author: Abe M Iriki T Funaba M Onda S | | Journal: J Anim . Sci . Citation: V : 76 ( 2 ) P : 628-36 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9498374 Accession (PMID): 9498374 | | Abstract: Holstein bull calves ( n = 51 ) weaned at 6 wk of age were used in four N balance trials for 4 wk ( Trials 1 to 3 ) or for 2 wk ( Trial 4 ) from 8 wk of age to identify limiting amino acids for a corn and soybean meal diet .
The calves were trained to maintain reflex closure of the reticular groove throughout the trials .
In Trial 1 , administration of . 111 g of DL-methionine plus . 333 g of L-lysine monohydrochloride/kg BW through the reticular groove increased N retention compared with the control that received isonitrogenous L-glutamine , but administration of . 333 g L-lysine monohydrochloride/kg BW alone did not increase N retention in Trial 2 .
In Trial 3 , administration of . 111 g of DL-methionine/kg BW improved N balance compared with the control , although the improvement was not detected when DL-methionine was restricted to . 022 g/kg BW .
In Trial 4 , administration of the mixture of . 111 g of DL-methionine , . 333 g of L-lysine monohydrochloride , and . 055 g of L-tryptophan/kg BW increased N retention in calves compared with calves that received an isonitrogenous mixture of . 111 g of DL-methionine and . 274 g of L-glutamine/kg BW , or . 111 g of DL-methionine , . 055 g of L-tryptophan , and . 234 g of L-glutamine/kg BW .
The present results suggest that methionine was the first-limiting and that lysine was probably the second-limiting amino acid for the corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than 11 wk of age , although tryptophan may be either co-limiting with lysine or third-limiting . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: The present results suggest that methionine was the first-limiting and that lysine was probably the second-limiting amino acid for the corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than 11 wk of age , although tryptophan may be either co-limiting with lysine or third-limiting .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Rice bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor : characterization , localization , and changes in developing and germinating seeds .
| | Author: Yamagata H Kunimatsu K Kamasaka H Kuramoto T Iwasaki T | | Journal: Biosci . Biotechnol . Biochem . Citation: V : 62 ( 5 ) P : 978-85 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9648230 Accession (PMID): 9648230 | | Abstract: A bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor ( RASI ) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rice ( Oryza sativa L ) bran .
Its molecular mass was 21 kDa by SDS-PAGE and its isoelectric point was 9 . 05 .
Purified RASI inhibited subtilisin Carlsberg strongly and inhibited alpha-amylase from germinating rice seeds weakly .
It inhibited rice alpha-amylase more than barley alpha-amylase , and the inhibition of rice alpha-amylase was greater at higher pHs .
RASI did not inhibit trypsin , chymotrypsin , cucumisin , or mammalian alpha-amylase .
The RASI was in the outermost part of the rice grain and its subcellular site seemed to be aleurone particles in aleurone cells .
SDS-PAGE and western blotting showed that RASI was synthesized in the late milky stage in developing seeds , and it remained fairly constant during the first 7 days of germination . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: RASI did not inhibit trypsin , chymotrypsin , cucumisin , or mammalian alpha-amylase .
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Score: 1.00 |
|---|
| Title: Distribution patterns of 104 kDa stress-associated protein in rice .
| | Author: Singla SL Pareek A Kush AK Grover A | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 37 ( 6 ) P : 911-9 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9700064 Accession (PMID): 9700064 | | Abstract: A 104 kDa protein ( SAP 104 ) accumulates in rice seedlings in response to several abiotic stress conditions and immunological homologues of rice SAP 104 have been detected in several monocot and dicot species , as also Neurospora crassa , a fungus .
In this report , we show that the amino acid sequence of a tryptic peptide generated from purified SAP 104 bears significant homology with an ATP-binding domain of the HSP 100 family proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max .
It is further shown that differential uninduced and induced ( by high-temperature stress ) levels of this protein are accumulated in various organs of the mature rice plant grown under field conditions .
Significant uninduced levels of this protein were in particular found in developing and mature rice grains .
Seeds/grains of several other plant genera ( ie Triticum aestivum , Zea mays , Brassica juncea ) were also found to contain high uninduced levels of SAP 104 .
Importantly , the levels of uninduced SAP 104 in rice grains were found to decline during the seed germination phase : after two days of germination , this protein was undetectable in it issues representing pooled sample of seeds and just-emerged seedlings .
Tissue print-immunoblotting analysis has indicated that in seeds high levels of this protein are specifically present in the embryo portion . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In this report , we show that the amino acid sequence of a tryptic peptide generated from purified SAP 104 bears significant homology with an ATP-binding domain of the HSP 100 family proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Canine pancreatic responses to intracolonic perfused nutrients .
| | Author: Compa AF Medrano J Calpena R Carbonell A Candela F Prez-Vzquez T | | Journal: Pancreas Citation: V : 17 ( 2 ) P : 194-200 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9700953 Accession (PMID): 9700953 | | Abstract: To study the effect intracolonic perfusion of nutrients has on exocrine pancreatic secretion , six dogs were prepared with gastric , duodenal , and cecal cannulas using a modified Thomas technique .
In our study protocol , we collected pancreatic juice by selective ductal cannulation after having applied several types of intracolonic stimulation : perfusion of sodium chloride , tryptophan , rice starch + glucose , or sodium oleate .
All these solutions were applied together with a background dose of intravenous secretin .
Our results showed a significant increase in the volume of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate output after intracolonic perfusion of sodium oleate .
Other perfusions did not change these parameters .
Protein output did not change in any of the cases .
It seems that the ascending colon plays a regulating role in pancreatic secretion ; in some conditions the colon could increase exocrine pancreatic function . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: In our study protocol , we collected pancreatic juice by selective ductal cannulation after having applied several types of intracolonic stimulation : perfusion of sodium chloride , tryptophan , rice starch + glucose , or sodium oleate .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Isolation of a cDNA for tryptophan synthase beta from rice and studies of its expression in a 5-methyltryptophan-resistant mutant of rice .
| | Author: Kisaka H Kisaka M Lee HY Kameya T | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 38 ( 5 ) P : 875-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9862503 Accession (PMID): 9862503 | | Abstract: A cDNA clone encoding rice tryptophan synthase beta ( TSB ) was isolated and its transcript level was examined in TR-No 73 , a derivative of a previously isolated rice mutant ( TR-1 ) that is resistant to 5-methyltryptophan .
The cDNA sequence of the rice gene for TSB was very similar to that of genes for TSB from other plants .
Northern blotting analysis revealed that the steady-state level of TSB mRNA in the 5MT-resistant mutant TR-No 73 was 1 . 3 times higher than the level of TSB mRNA in control rice plants under standard conditions .
The level of TSB mRNA in control rice plants decreased after treatment of plants with 5MT .
Similarly , the level of TSB mRNA in TR-No 73 initially decreased , although less so than in control rice .
However , after 12 h of treatment with 5MT , the level of the transcript in TR-No 73 returned to the level under standard conditions .
The activity of tryptophan synthase ( TS ) in seedlings of TR-No 73 was about 2 . 3 times higher than that in seedlings of control rice under standard conditions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A cDNA clone encoding rice tryptophan synthase beta ( TSB ) was isolated and its transcript level was examined in TR-No 73 , a derivative of a previously isolated rice mutant ( TR-1 ) that is resistant to 5-methyltryptophan .
[ Sen. 7, subscore: 1.00 ]: The activity of tryptophan synthase ( TS ) in seedlings of TR-No 73 was about 2 . 3 times higher than that in seedlings of control rice under standard conditions .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Thiamin-binding protein from sunflower seeds .
| | Author: Watanabe K Chikushi K Adachi T Shimizu M Yoshida T Mitsunaga T | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 44 ( 5 ) P : 665-72 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9919486 Accession (PMID): 9919486 | | Abstract: A thiamin-binding protein was isolated from sunflower seeds .
Its molecular mass was estimated to be 230 kDa by gel filtration .
The protein was suggested to be composed of six subunits , which consisted of polypeptides linked by disulfide bond ( s ) .
The protein contained a large amount of glutamine or glutamic acid ( 19 . 9 mol% ) and asparagine or aspartic acid ( 11 . 1 mol% ) .
The levels of tryptophan and valine in the protein were low .
These properties of the thiamin-binding protein were similar to those of helianthinin .
Optimum pH for the thiamin-binding activity of the protein was 8 . 0 to 9 . 0 .
The thiamin-binding activity was not inhibited by thiamin monophosphate , thiamin pyrophosphate , oxythiamin , or pyrithiamin .
These properties of the thiamin-binding protein from sunflower seeds were similar to those from buckwheat seeds , but not to those from rice seeds and sesame seeds .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 5, subscore: 1.00 ]: The levels of tryptophan and valine in the protein were low .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets .
IV .
Effects of addition of fish meal and a microbial phytase to duckling diets on bird performance and amino acid digestibility .
| | Author: Martin EA Nolan JV Nitsan Z Farrell DJ .
| | Journal: Br . Poult . Sci . Citation: V : 39 ( 5 ) P : 612-21 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: abstract Doc ID: pub9925313 Accession (PMID): 9925313 | | Abstract: 1 .
Ducklings were given diets with vegetable protein ( VP ) and 0 or 600 g rice bran/kg ; fish meal ( 60 g/kg ) and a phytase ( + , - ) were added to the diets ( VP + AP ) .
An additional 40 g soyabean meal/kg was added to the diet with rice bran ( VP ++ ) .
Amino acid digestibility and mineral retention were measured in the lower ileum of ducklings killed at 23 d of age .
Acid insoluble ash was used as an inert marker .
Trypsin and amylase activities were also measured and weights of the pancreas and small intestine recorded at slaughter .
2 .
Addition of soyabean meal ( VP ++ ) to the diet with rice bran improved growth rate and food intake compared to the diet without ( VP ) and gave the same food intake and growth rate as the comparable basal diet ( VP ) without rice bran .
Fish meal improved growth rate on the diets without rice bran and improved food intake on this diet ( VP + AP ) .
Rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio ( FCR ) ; protein source affected growth rate , food intake and FCR ; phytase increased food intake only .
There were several interactions .
3 .
Determined total amino acid composition of the diets appeared to meet the essential amino acid requirements of ducklings .
Rice bran depressed the ileal digestibility of virtually all amino acids and phytase had no direct effect , although there were interactions .
Fish meal addition to diets with rice bran improved the apparent digestibility of several essential amino acids as well as that of dry matter and crude protein .
4 .
Ileal retention of some minerals and tibia ash content were reduced by rice bran .
Fish meal and phytase inclusion increased P retention and ash in tibia .
5 .
Higher intestinal trypsin activity and increased pancreas size were seen in ducklings on diets with rice bran compared to those without .
Intestinal amylase activity was reduced in ducklings given rice bran , probably because of its low starch content .
6 .
The stimulating effect of fish meal on duckling performance was probably caused in part by the improvement in the digestibility of some amino acids .
The addition of small amounts of minerals in fish meal may have increased mineral retention .
Phytase gave benefits anticipated from our previous work , but also improved lysine and threonine digestibility in diets containing vegetable protein only . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 6, subscore: 1.00 ]: Trypsin and amylase activities were also measured and weights of the pancreas and small intestine recorded at slaughter .
[ Sen. 20, subscore: 1.00 ]: Higher intestinal trypsin activity and increased pancreas size were seen in ducklings on diets with rice bran compared to those without .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit genes OASA1 and OASA2 .
Tryptophan accumulation in transgenic rice expressing a feedback-insensitive mutant of OASA1 .
| | Author: Tozawa Y Hasegawa H Terakawa T Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 126 ( 4 ) P : 1493-506 Year: 2001 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11500548 Accession (PMID): 11500548 | | Abstract: Anthranilate synthase ( AS ) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan ( Trp ) , indole-3-acetic acid , and indole alkaloids .
Two genes , OASA1 and OASA2 , encoding AS alpha-subunits were isolated from a monocotyledonous plant , rice ( Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare ) , and were characterized .
A phylogenetic tree of AS alpha-subunits from various species revealed a close evolutionary relationship among OASA1 and Arabidopsis ASA2 , Ruta graveolens AS alpha 2 , and tobacco ASA2 , whereas OASA2 , Arabidopsis ASA1 , and R graveolens AS alpha 1 were more distantly related .
OASA1 is expressed in all it issues tested , but the amount of its mRNA was greater in panicles than in leaves and roots .
The abundance of OASA2 transcripts is similar among it issues and greater than that of OASA1 transcripts ; furthermore , OASA2 expression was induced by a chitin heptamer , a potent elicitor , suggesting that OASA2 participates in secondary metabolism .
Expression of wild-type OASA1 or OASA2 transgenes did not affect the Trp content of rice calli or plants .
However , transformed calli and plants expressing a mutated OASA1 gene , OASA1 ( D323N ) , that encodes a protein in which aspartate-323 is replaced with asparagine manifested up to 180 and 35-fold increases , respectively , in Trp accumulation .
These transgenic calli and plants were resistant to 300 microM 5-methyl-Trp , and AS activity of the calli showed a markedly reduced sensitivity to Trp .
These results show that OASA1 is important in the regulation of free Trp concentration , and that mutation of OASA1 to render the encoded protein insensitive to feedback inhibition results in accumulation of Trp at high levels .
The OASA1 ( D323N ) transgene may prove useful for the generation of crops with an increased Trp content . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptophan accumulation in transgenic rice expressing a feedback-insensitive mutant of OASA1 .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Some tryptophan pathways in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
| | Author: Ansari MM Sridhar R | | Journal: Folia Microbiol .
( Praha ) Citation: V : 45 ( 6 ) P : 531-7 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub11501419 Accession (PMID): 11501419 | | Abstract: Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae , the causal organism of bacterial blight of rice which produces leaf blight as well as kresek ( wilt ) symptoms in plants were tested for indole , auxin production in culture supplemented with L-tryptophan .
On the basis of indoleacetic acid ( IAA ) production the isolates were grouped into IAA-positive and IAA-negative .
Out of 17 isolates , 11 were IAA-positive while 6 were IAA-negative .
The isolates metabolized tryptophan through two different routes and the isolates vary in the pathway of tryptophan utilization .
The IAA-positive isolates converted tryptophan to IAA as the end product , whereas the IAA-negative isolates formed anthranilate as an intermediate metabolite and finally produced pyrocatechol via the kynurenine pathway .
Quantification of tryptophan metabolism revealed that the maximum production of IAA and pyrocatechol in culture occurred during 2-d incubation at 30 +/- 2 degrees C | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Some tryptophan pathways in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Three GC base pairs required for the efficient aminoacylation of tRNATrp by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis .
| | Author: Xu F Jiang G Li W He X Jin Y Wang D | | Journal: Biochemistry Citation: V : 41 ( 25 ) P : 8087-92 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12069601 Accession (PMID): 12069601 | | Abstract: Acceptor stem is an essential region in the recognition of tRNAs by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase .
In this study , a library containing 20 nt random region and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ( TrpRS ) from Bacillus subtilis were used for in vitro selection to find a new structural feature in the tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem sequence that is required for B subtilis TrpRS recognition .
After three rounds of selection , the TrpRS binding RNAs dominate the RNA pool .
The aptamers share a common structure of three GC base pairs , which was also found in the acceptor stem of wild-type B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) .
A series of tRNA ( Trp ) variants was prepared by in vitro transcription , and their efficiencies of tryptophanylation ( k ( cat ) /K ( M ) ) were measured with the aid of TrpRS from B subtilis .
The mutants that possess the three GC base pairs and G73 discriminator base exhibit almost the same aminoacylation efficiencies as B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) , while the G73 discriminator base itself can not confer efficient aminoacylation to the tRNA ( Trp ) molecule .
Thus , these three base pairs ( G2 . C71 , G3 . C70 , and G4 . C69 ) in the B subtilis tRNA ( Trp ) acceptor stem were established to be new identity elements , and their importance was between the previously characterized major element G73 and minor elements A1/U72 and G5/C68 .
The minimum set of identity elements that is required to confer efficient aminoacylation by B subtilis TrpRS included G73 , G2 . C71 , G3 . C70 , and G4 . C69 . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Three GC base pairs required for the efficient aminoacylation of tRNATrp by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus subtilis .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Putative protein digestion in a sap-sucking homopteran plant pest ( rice brown plant hopper ; Nilaparvata lugens : Delphacidae ) --identification of trypsin-like and cathepsin B-like proteases .
| | Author: Foissac X Edwards MG Du JP Gatehouse AM Gatehouse JA .
| | Journal: Insect Biochem . Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 32 ( 9 ) P : 967-78 Year: 2002 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12213233 Accession (PMID): 12213233 | | Abstract: Sap-sucking phytophagous insect species of the order Hemiptera have been assumed not to carry out digestive proteolysis , but instead to rely on free amino acids in the phloem and xylem saps for their nutritional requirements .
Extracts prepared from isolated guts of rice brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ) , a homopteran crop pest , were shown to contain protease activity , with hydrolysis of both protein and synthetic peptide substrates being observed .
Assays with specific inhibitors suggested that a trypsin-like serine protease was responsible for most of hydrolytic activity against synthetic substrates .
A cDNA library was prepared from RNA extracted from N lugens gut it issue , and screened for protease-encoding sequences . cDNAs for a cathepsin B-like protease and a trypsin-like protease were isolated and fully characterised ; the latter exhibits a novel C-terminal region and an unusual activation mechanism , and represents a small gene family .
Soya bean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor ( SKTI ) is an effective inhibitor of protein hydrolysis by N lugens gut extracts in vitro , explaining why transgenic rice plants expressing this protein are partially resistant to the insect ( Mol . Breed . 5 ( 1999 ) 1 ) .
It is suggested that digestive proteolysis may be widespread in sap-sucking homoptera , and can make a significant contribution to nutrition .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Putative protein digestion in a sap-sucking homopteran plant pest ( rice brown plant hopper ; Nilaparvata lugens : Delphacidae ) --identification of trypsin-like and cathepsin B-like proteases .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Melatonin , serotonin , and tryptamine in some egyptian food and medicinal plants .
| | Author: Badria FA .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 5 ( 3 ) P : 153-7 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12495587 Accession (PMID): 12495587 | | Abstract: The mammalian pineal hormone melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine ) , an aminoindole produced by the metabolism of serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine ) , has been shown to be a potent scavenger for the highly toxic hydroxyl radical Three substances that are very important in animal physiology ( eg , in brain metabolism ) are noradrenaline , histamine , and serotonin ; all three occur in plants .
Here we report that serotonin , tryptamine , and melatonin were found in some edible and medicinal plants in Egypt .
The results of this screening showed that the pulp of underripe and ripe yellow banana contains 5-hydroxytryptamine at concentrations of 31 . 4 and 18 . 5 ng/g , respectively .
Corn , rice , barley grains , and ginger showed the highest concentrations of melatonin , at 187 . 8 , 149 . 8 , 87 . 3 , 142 . 3 ng/100 g , respectively .
On the other hand , potato samples were free from all indolamines .
Pomegranate and strawberry showed a low level of indolamines ( 8-12 microg/g serotonin , 4-9 microg/g tryptamine , and 13-29 ng/100 g melatonin ) . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Melatonin , serotonin , and tryptamine in some egyptian food and medicinal plants .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor CMe from barley in indica and japonica rice , confers resistance to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae .
| | Author: Alfonso-Rub J Ortego F Castaera P Carbonero P Daz I | | Journal: Transgenic Res .
Citation: V : 12 ( 1 ) P : 23-31 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub12650522 Accession (PMID): 12650522 | | Abstract: Indica and japonica rice ( Oryza sativa L ) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the Itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe , under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity , and the maize ubiquitin promoter .
From 38 independent transgenic lines of indica ( breeding line IR58 ) and 15 of the japonica ( cv Senia ) selected , 22 and 11 , respectively , expressed the barley inhibitor at detectable levels .
The transgene was correctly translated as indicated by western blot analysis with a level of expression in R3 seeds up to 0 . 31% ( IR58 ) and 0 . 43% ( Senia ) of the total extracted protein .
The functional integrity of BTI-CMe was confirmed by trypsin activity assays in liquid media and by activity staining gels , performed with seed extracts .
The significant reduction of the survival rate of the rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae , Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) reared on homozygous transgenic indica and japonica rice seeds expressing the BTI-CMe , compared to non-transformed controls , and the decrease in the trypsin-like activity of insect crude midgut extracts , confirmed the utility of this proteinase inhibitor gene for the control of important storage pests . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor CMe from barley in indica and japonica rice , confers resistance to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea .
| | Author: Ueno M Shibata H Kihara J Honda Y Arase S | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 36 ( 2 ) P : 215-28 Year: 2003 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub14535886 Accession (PMID): 14535886 | | Abstract: Sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) -mutant rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea showed increased light-dependent tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) activities .
TDC and MAO activities were observed before the penetration of M grisea to rice cells and maintained high levels even after Sekiguchi lesion formation .
Light-dependent expression of TDC gene was observed in leaves inoculated with M grisea before Sekiguchi lesion formation .
Spore germination fluid ( SGF ) of M grisea also induced Sekiguchi lesion formation accompanied by increased enzymes activities and tryptamine accumulation .
Sekiguchi lesion was also induced by treatments with tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine , which are substrates for MAO , but was not induced by non-substrates such as indole-3-propionic acid , ( +/- ) -phenylethylamine and tryptophan under light .
Light-dependent induction of Sekiguchi lesion by tryptamine was significantly inhibited in the presence of MAO inhibitors , metalaxyl and semicarbazide , and H2O2-scavengers , ascorbic acid and catalase .
H2O2 in M grisea-infected leaves with and without Sekiguchi lesions was demonstrated directly in situ by strong 3 , 3-diaminobenzidine ( DAB ) staining .
On the other hand , H2O2 induced Sekiguchi lesions on leaves of cv .
Sekiguchi-asahi under light , but not in darkness .
This difference was associated with the decrease of catalase activity in infected leaves under light and the absence of decrease in darkness .
We hypothesize that the H2O2-induced breakdown of cellular organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria in mesophyll cells may cause high TDC and MAO activities and the development of Sekiguchi lesion , and that the sl gene products in wild-type rice may function as a suppressor of organelle breakdown caused by chemical or environmental stress . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rich which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor on rats ] | | Author: Zhuo Q Chen X Piao J Han C | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 1 ) P : 74-7 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15098484 Accession (PMID): 15098484 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CpTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential teratogenicity effects .
METHODS : Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups : transgenic rice group , non transgenic rice group , negative control group and positive control group .
The diet of transgenic rice group contained 78 . 3% transgenic rice .
The diet of non transgenic rice group contained 74 . 7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one .
The diet formula of the two control groups was AIN93G .
The marco and micronutrient content were equal in three diets .
When the sexual maturation period of rats arrived , conventional teratogenicity test was performed .
RESULTS : The body weight gain of pregnant rats and body weight , body length and tail length of fetal rats in transgenic rice group were significant higher than those in positive control group ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
The malformation rate of fetus in transgenic rice group was significant lower than that in positive control group ( P < 0 . 01 ) .
CONCLUSION : There were no significant differences of all indexes among transgenic rice group , non transgenic rice group and negative control group ( P > 0 . 05 ) .
Judging from these results , the transgenic rice modified with CpTI was considered to have no maternal toxicity , embryotoxicity and teratogenicity effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rich which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor on rats ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Study on food safety of genetically modified rice which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor by 90 day feeding test on rats ] | | Author: Zhuo Q Chen X Piao J Gu L | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 2 ) P : 176-9 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15208998 Accession (PMID): 15208998 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CPTI ( cowpea trypsin inhibitor ) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects .
METHODS : Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups : T , N and C group .
The diet of T group contained 78 . 3% transgenic rice .
The diet of N group contained 74 . 7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one .
The diet formula of C group was AIN93G .
The macro and micronutrient content were equal in three diets .
The rats were fed for 90 days .
Food intakes were weight every day , body-weight were weight and body-length were measured every week .
In the middle and at the end of feeding period , haematological value and clinical chemistry parameters were measured , at the end of the 90th day , post-mortem organ coefficient were measured , organ it issues analysis was performed and bone density was measured .
RESULTS : In most situation , there were no significant differences among the three groups ( P > 0 . 05 ) and no histopathological damage were detected .
At the end of the 1st month , the male rats body length of the T group was longer than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the male rats blood glucose and ALT were lower than the other two groups .
In the middle of the test period , the female rats red blood cell number and hemoglobin were higher than the other two groups and at the end of the test period , the female rats monocyte number was higher than the other two groups ( P < 0 . 05 ) .
But all of the results were in the normal range which had been reported before .
CONCLUSION : From the results of the 90 days feeding test of transgenic rice on rats there did not reveal any signs of toxic and adverse effects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Study on food safety of genetically modified rice which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor by 90 day feeding test on rats ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: [ Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against cowpea trypsin inhibitor ] | | Author: Chen X Yang L Yang X Piao J | | Journal: Citation: V : 33 ( 4 ) P : 437-9 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15461269 Accession (PMID): 15461269 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor ( CpTI ) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI .
METHODS : Nowadays gene assay is the most useful method to detect transgenic plants .
But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced .
So assay of foreign protein is the most direct and conformable method .
Monoclonal antibodies were got through traditional method of preparation .
RESULTS : Three monoclonal antibodies were got .
Detection of CpTI in transgenic rice leaves with these three antibodies mixes through Western blotting was conducted and the result was satisfying .
CONCLUSION : The method of using the mixes of three antibodies to detect the CpTI in plants through Western blotting was satisfying . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against cowpea trypsin inhibitor ]
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of indoleacetic acid and tryptophan following aqueous chloroformate derivatisation of Rhizobium exudates .
| | Author: Perrine FM Rolfe BG Hynes MF Hocart CH .
| | Journal: Plant Physiol . Biochem . Citation: V : 42 ( 9 ) P : 723-9 Year: 2004 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15474378 Accession (PMID): 15474378 | | Abstract: A new method for preparing alkyl esters of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) in aqueous solution is adapted from the chloroformate method originally described by Husek for the analysis of amino acids .
This method has the significant advantage of avoiding the generation and use of diazomethane , and is done in aqueous solution without the need to dry the sample with concomitant non-specific losses of IAA .
The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by its use in an isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) assay of IAA and L-tryptophan ( Trp ) in the culture supernatant of a series of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv . trifolii strains that can interact with rice to either enhance or inhibit rice plant growth .
We were testing the hypothesis that the rice growth inhibition was related to the biosynthesis of IAA .
It was found that S meliloti and Rhizobium strains produced high amounts of IAA in Trp supplemented BIII minimal medium compared to BIII media .
All the strains produced more than the minimum amount of IAA required to inhibit rice growth and thus IAA is not the major inhibitory factor of rice seedling growth from S meliloti and Rhizobium strains .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of indoleacetic acid and tryptophan following aqueous chloroformate derivatisation of Rhizobium exudates .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Metabolic profiling of tryptophan-overproducing rice calli that express a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of anthranilate synthase .
| | Author: Morino K Matsuda F Miyazawa H Sukegawa A Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 46 ( 3 ) P : 514-21 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15695448 Accession (PMID): 15695448 | | Abstract: The profile of aromatic metabolites in calli was compared between wild-type rice ( Oryza sativa cv .
Nipponbare ) and tryptophan-overproducing transgenic rice lines that express a gene ( OASA1D ) for a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of anthranilate synthase .
Metabolic profiling by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection of ultraviolet absorbance revealed a total of 71 peaks in both wild-type and transgenic calli .
Only a limited effect on the pattern of major aromatic compounds was observed in tryptophan-accumulating transgenic rice lines , with the exception of an approximately 80-fold increase in the amount of tryptophan .
Expression of OASA1D induced relatively small changes in several minor metabolites .
One of the minor metabolites whose abundance was increased by OASA1D expression was purified and identified as a previously unknown indole-alkaloid glucoside .
The levels of free and conjugated forms of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , a plant hormone derived from the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway , were determined separately by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) .
The amounts of both free IAA and its conjugates were increased in the transgenic calli , suggesting that the activity of anthranilate synthase or the concentration of tryptophan ( or both ) is an important determinant of IAA biosynthesis . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Metabolic profiling of tryptophan-overproducing rice calli that express a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of anthranilate synthase .
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Score: 1.00 |
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| Title: Characterization of tryptophan-overproducing potato transgenic for a mutant rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene ( OASA1D ) .
| | Author: Matsuda F Yamada T Miyazawa H Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 222 ( 3 ) P : 535-45 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub15912354 Accession (PMID): 15912354 | | Abstract: Potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum cv .
May Queen ) transgenic for OASA1D , which encodes a point mutant of an alpha-subunit of rice ( Oryza sativa ) anthranilate synthase ( AS , EC 4 . 1 . 3 . 27 ) , were generated in order to determine the effects of the mutant gene on levels of free tryptophan ( Trp ) and AS activity in this important crop .
Expression of OASA1D in potato induced a 2 to 20-fold increase in the amount of free Trp .
This increase was likely due to a reduction in the sensitivity of AS containing the mutant alpha-subunit to feedback inhibition by Trp .
Nontargeted metabolite profiling by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet photodiode array detection as well as targeted profiling by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed no marked changes in the levels of other metabolites , with the exception of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , in the transgenic plants .
The level of IAA in the upper part of the shoot was increased by a factor of 8 . 3-39 , depending on the transgenic lines , with no detectable effect on plant growth or development .
The effects of transformation thus appeared limited to the biosynthesis of Trp and IAA , with the overall metabolic network in potato being virtually unaffected .
These results suggest that transformation with OASA1D may prove effective for the breeding of crops with an increased level of free Trp . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Characterization of tryptophan-overproducing potato transgenic for a mutant rice anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene ( OASA1D ) .
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| Title: Structure-based in vitro engineering of the anthranilate synthase , a metabolic key enzyme in the plant tryptophan pathway .
| | Author: Kanno T Komatsu A Kasai K Dubouzet JG Sakurai M Ikejiri-Kanno Y Wakasa K Tozawa Y | | Journal: Plant Physiol .
Citation: V : 138 ( 4 ) P : 2260-8 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16040654 Accession (PMID): 16040654 | | Abstract: Rice ( Oryza sativa ) anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit , OASA2 , was modified by in vitro mutagenesis based on structural information from bacterial homologs .
Twenty-four amino acid residues , predicted as putative tryptophan binding sites or their proximal regions in the OASA2 sequence , were selected and 36 mutant OASA2 genes were constructed by PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis .
Corresponding mutant proteins were synthesized in a combination of two in vitro systems , transcription with a bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase and translation with a wheat-embryo cell-free system .
Enzymatic functions of the mutant proteins were simultaneously examined , and we found six mutants with elevated catalytic activity and five mutants with enhanced tolerance to feedback inhibition by tryptophan .
Moreover , we observed that some sets of specific combinations of the novel mutations additively conferred both characteristics to the mutant enzymes .
The functions of the mutant enzymes were confirmed in vivo .
The free tryptophan content of mutant rice calli expressing OASA2 enzyme with a double mutation was 30-fold of that of untransformed calli .
Thus , our in vitro approach utilizing structural information of bacterial homologs is a potent technique to generate designer enzymes with predefined functions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Structure-based in vitro engineering of the anthranilate synthase , a metabolic key enzyme in the plant tryptophan pathway .
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| Title: Selective insecticide-induced stimulation on fecundity and biochemical changes in Tryporyza incertulas ( Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
| | Author: Wang AH Wu JC Yu YS Liu JL Yue JF Wang MY .
| | Journal: J Econ . Entomol . Citation: V : 98 ( 4 ) P : 1144-9 Year: 2005 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16156564 Accession (PMID): 16156564 | | Abstract: The use of selective insecticides in rice , Oryza sativa L , fields often causes resurgence of nontarget pest insects .
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two selective insecticides , buprofezin and imidacloprid , on Tryporyza incertulas ( Walker ) , a nontarget pest After larval feeding on rice plants treated with each insecticide , fecundity , ovary protein content , and titer of juvenile hormone III ( JHIII ) in the resulting female moths were determined with Xiushui 63 rice susceptible to T incertulas and Zhendao 2 moderately resistant to T incertulas .
The fecundity of females developed from larvae that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 plants was stimulated compared with that of moths from larvae that fed on rice plants that were not treated with either insecticide .
There was no stimulating effect in females from larvae that fed on insecticide-treated Zhendao 2 plants .
The weight of fourth instars ( final instars ) that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 rice plants was significantly greater than that of control , increasing by 50 . 3 and 46 . 7% for 60 and 112 . 5 g ( AI ) ha ( -1 ) buprofezin , and by 23 . 7 and 19 . 5% for 15 and 37 . 5 g ( AI ) ha ( -1 ) imidacloprid treatments , respectively .
Ovary protein content in adult females developed from larvae that fed on the rice treated with the high dose of buprofezin was significantly higher than that in control .
For the high and low doses of imidacloprid during the second instar , and the low dose of imidacloprid during the fourth instar , JHIII titers in female adults were also significantly higher than that in control , increasing by 152 . 81 , 90 . 52 , and 114 . 19% , respectively . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Selective insecticide-induced stimulation on fecundity and biochemical changes in Tryporyza incertulas ( Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ) .
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| Title: Protein oxidation in plant mitochondria detected as oxidized tryptophan .
| | Author: Mller IM Kristensen BK .
| | Journal: Free Radic . Biol . Med . Citation: V : 40 ( 3 ) P : 430-5 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16443157 Accession (PMID): 16443157 | | Abstract: The formation of N-formylkynurenine by dioxygenation of tryptophan was detected in peptides from rice leaf and potato tuber mitochondria .
Proteins in matrix and membrane fractions were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified using a Q-TOF mass spectrometer .
N-Formylkynurenine was detected in 29 peptides representing 17 different proteins .
With one exception , the oxidation-sensitive aconitase , all of these proteins were either redox active themselves or subunits in redox-active enzyme complexes .
The same site was modified in ( i ) several adjacent spots containing the P protein of the glycine decarboxylase complex , ( ii ) two different isoforms of the mitochondrial processing peptidase in complex III , and ( iii ) the same tryptophan residues in Mn-superoxide dismutase in both rice and potato mitochondria .
This indicates that Trp oxidation is a selective process .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Protein oxidation in plant mitochondria detected as oxidized tryptophan .
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| Title: Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice .
| | Author: Siriwardana S Nabors MW .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 73 ( 1 ) P : 142-146 Year: 1983 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16663163 Accession (PMID): 16663163 | | Abstract: Cereal embryos can produce two types of callus .
One type , termed "embryogenic , " consists of small meristematic-like cells and gives rise to many plants by somatic embryogenesis if placed on a suitable regeneration medium .
The other is termed "nonembryogenic" and consists of long tubular cells which gives rise to few or no plants .
High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L Calrose 76 , Pokkali , and IR 36 ) but not in four others ( Mahsuri , Bg 400-1 , H ( 4 ) , and Giza 159 ) .
The best concentration of tryptophan for Pokkali and Calrose 76 was 100 micrograms per milliliter , and for IR 36 , 50 micrograms per milliliter .
Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted an effect similar to that of tryptophan on Calrose 76 .
The difference between japonica ( Calrose 76 , Giza 159 ) and indica ( Pokkali , IR 36 ) varieties is not the causal factor for the difference in response to tryptophan .
Kinetin does not appear to be a requirement for embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76 .
Plant regeneration from Calrose 76 embryogenic callus occurred at low levels in media containing no hormones .
6-benzyladenine , or 2 , 3 , 5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0 . 1 to 0 . 5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice .
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| Title: Comparison of ileal digested production of parental rice and rice genetically modified with cowpeas trypsin inhibitor .
| | Author: Han JH Yang YX Men JH Bian LH Guo J | | Journal: Biomed . Environ . Sci . Citation: V : 19 ( 1 ) P : 42-6 Year: 2006 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16673817 Accession (PMID): 16673817 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To compare the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in parental rice and rice genetically modified with sck gene .
METHODS : Six experimental swines were surgically fixed with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum and fed with parental rice and rice genetically modified with sck gene alternately .
The ileum digesta were collected and analyzed for determination of apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids .
RESULTS : The apparent and true digestibility of protein was similar in these two types of rice .
Except for the apparent digestibility of lysine , there was no difference in the apparent and true digestibility of the other 17 amino acids .
CONCLUSION : The digestibility of protein and amino acids is not changed by the insertion of foreign gene , so it can meet the request of "substantial equivalence" in digestibility of protein and amino acids . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Comparison of ileal digested production of parental rice and rice genetically modified with cowpeas trypsin inhibitor .
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| Title: High-level tryptophan accumulation in seeds of transgenic rice and its limited effects on agronomic traits and seed metabolite profile .
| | Author: Wakasa K Hasegawa H Nemoto H Matsuda F Miyazawa H Tozawa Y Morino K Komatsu A Yamada T Terakawa T Miyagawa H | | Journal: J Exp . Bot . Citation: V : 57 ( 12 ) P : 3069-78 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub16908506 Accession (PMID): 16908506 | | Abstract: Metabolic manipulation of plants to improve their nutritional quality is an important goal of plant biotechnology .
Expression in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) of a transgene ( OASA1D ) encoding a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase results in the accumulation of tryptophan ( Trp ) in calli and leaves .
It is shown here that the amount of free Trp in the seeds of such plants is increased by about two orders of magnitude compared with that in the seeds of wild-type plants .
The total Trp content in the seeds of the transgenic plants was also increased .
Two homozygous lines , HW1 and HW5 , of OASA1D transgenic rice were generated for characterization of agronomic traits and aromatic metabolite profiling of seeds .
The marked overproduction of Trp was stable in these lines under field conditions , although spikelet fertility and yield , as well as seed germination ability , were reduced compared with the wild type .
These differences in agronomic traits were small , however , in HW5 .
In spite of the high Trp content in the seeds of the HW lines , metabolic profiling revealed no substantial changes in the amounts of other phenolic compounds .
The amount of indole acetic acid was increased about 2-fold in the seeds of the transgenic lines .
The establishment and characterization of these OASA1D transgenic lines have thus demonstrated the feasibility of increasing the Trp content in the seeds of rice ( or of other crops ) as a means of improving its nutritional value for human consumption or animal feed . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: High-level tryptophan accumulation in seeds of transgenic rice and its limited effects on agronomic traits and seed metabolite profile .
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| Title: Metabolic flux analysis in plants using dynamic labeling technique : application to tryptophan biosynthesis in cultured rice cells .
| | Author: Matsuda F Wakasa K Miyagawa H | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 68 P : 2290-301 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17512026 Accession (PMID): 17512026 | | Abstract: The concept and methodology of using dynamic labeling for the MFA of plant metabolic pathways are described , based on a case study to develop a method for the MFA of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in cultured rice cells .
Dynamic labeling traces the change in the labeling level of a metabolite in a metabolic pathway after the application of a stable isotope-labeled compound .
In this study , [ 1- ( 13 ) C ] l-serine was fed as a labeling precursor and the labeling level of Trp was determined by using the LC-MS/MS .
The value of metabolic flux is determined by fitting a model describing the labeling dynamics of the pathway to the observed labeling data .
The biosynthetic flux of Trp in rice suspension cultured cell was determined to be 6 . 0+/-1 . 1 nmol ( gFWh ) ( -1 ) .
It is also demonstrated that an approximately sixfold increase in the biosynthetic flux of Trp in transgenic rice cells expressing the feedback-insensitive version of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene ( OASA1D ) resulted in a 45-fold increase in the level of Trp .
In this article , the basic workflow for the experiment is introduced and the details of the actual experimental procedures are explained .
Future perspectives are also discussed by referring recent advances in the dynamic labeling approach .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Metabolic flux analysis in plants using dynamic labeling technique : application to tryptophan biosynthesis in cultured rice cells .
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| Title: Degradation of free tryptophan in a cookie model system and its application in commercial samples .
| | Author: Morales FJ Acar OC Serpen A Arribas-Lorenzo G Gokmen V | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : 55 P : Jul-93 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17630767 Accession (PMID): 17630767 | | Abstract: The stability of free tryptophan ( Trp ) was examined in five cookie-resembling models at varying baking temperatures and durations .
Trp was measured by HPLC coupled with a fluorescent detector .
Trp degradation was significantly greater in cookies formulated with glucose compared with sucrose , regardless of the temperatures and durations of baking .
A lag period was clearly observed in cookies formulated with sucrose .
The type of sugar used in the dough formulation affected not only the thermal destruction kinetics but also the degree of degradation of free Trp .
However , the type of leavening agent ( ammonium bicarbonate versus sodium bicarbonate ) did not affect the rate of Trp destruction as happens in Maillard-driven reactions .
In addition , the free Trp content was analyzed in nine different flours and sixty-two commercial cookies , and it was found that free Trp varied from 0 . 4 to 1287 . 9 mg/kg for rice and wheat bran , respectively .
It was found that free Trp was significantly higher in dietetic commercial samples formulated with wheat bran compared with other flours .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Degradation of free tryptophan in a cookie model system and its application in commercial samples .
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| Title: Characterization of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase and serotonin synthesis in rice plants .
| | Author: Kang S Kang K Lee K Back K | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 26 P : 2009-15 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17639402 Accession (PMID): 17639402 | | Abstract: Serotonin is a well-known pineal hormone that in mammals plays a key role in mood .
In plants , serotonin is implicated in several physiological roles such as flowering , morphogenesis , and adaptation to environmental changes .
However , its biosynthetic enzyme in plants has not been characterized .
Therefore , we measured the serotonin content and enzyme activity responsible for serotonin biosynthesis in rice seedlings .
Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase ( T5H ) , which converts tryptamine into serotonin , was found as a soluble enzyme that had maximal activity in the roots .
The maximal activity of T5H was closely associated with the enriched synthesis of serotonin in roots .
Tetrahydropterine-dependent T5H activity was inhibited by tyramine , tryptophan , 5-OH-tryptophan , and octopamine , but remained unaltered by dopamine in vitro .
The it issues of rice seedlings grown in the presence of tryptamine exhibited a dose-dependent increase in serotonin in parallel with enhanced T5H enzyme activity .
However , no significant increase in serotonin was observed in rice it issues grown in the presence of tryptophan , suggesting that tryptamine is a bottleneck intermediate substrate for serotonin synthesis .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Characterization of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase and serotonin synthesis in rice plants .
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| Title: Characterization of rice tryptophan decarboxylases and their direct involvement in serotonin biosynthesis in transgenic rice .
| | Author: Kang S Kang K Lee K Back K | | Journal: Planta Citation: V : 227 P : 263-72 Year: 2007 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub17763868 Accession (PMID): 17763868 | | Abstract: L-Tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and L-tyrosine decarboxylase ( TYDC ) belong to a family of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases and catalyze the conversion of tryptophan and tyrosine into tryptamine and tyramine , respectively .
The rice genome has been shown to contain seven TDC or TYDC-like genes .
Three of these genes for which cDNA clones were available were characterized to assign their functions using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and rice ( Oryza sativa cv .
Dongjin ) .
The purified products of two of the genes were expressed in E coli and exhibited TDC activity , whereas the remaining gene could not be expressed in E coli .
The recombinant TDC protein with the greatest TDC activity showed a K ( m ) of 0 . 69 mM for tryptophan , and its activity was not inhibited by phenylalanine or tyrosine , indicating a high level of substrate specificity toward tryptophan .
The ectopic expression of the three cDNA clones in rice led to the abundant production of the products of the encoded enzymes , tyramine and tryptamine .
The overproduction of TYDC resulted in stunted growth and a lack of seed production due to tyramine accumulation , which increased as the plant aged .
In contrast , transgenic plants that produced TDC showed a normal phenotype and contained 25-fold and 11-fold higher serotonin in the leaves and seeds , respectively , than the wild-type plants .
The overproduction of either tyramine or serotonin was not strongly related to the enhanced synthesis of tyramine or serotonin derivatives , such as feruloyltyramine and feruloylserotonin , which are secondary metabolites that act as phytoalexins in plants .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Characterization of rice tryptophan decarboxylases and their direct involvement in serotonin biosynthesis in transgenic rice .
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| Title: [ Primary investigation on metabolism of hpt gene in transgenic rice modified with cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene in rats ] | | Author: Xu H Yin Z | | Journal: Wei Sheng Yan Jiu Citation: V : 36 P : 559-63 Year: 2007 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18095566 Accession (PMID): 18095566 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVE : The metabolism characteristic in the gastrointestinal tract and possibility of transfer from gastrointestinal tract into liver and kidney was investigated .
METHODS : 48 SD rats were allotted into 8 subgroups randomly , 6 groups rats of them were fed with transgenic rice diets and 2 groups rats were fed with non-transgenic rice diets .
All rats were fed with transgenic and non-transgenic rice for two weeks .
All rats were fast and sacrificed , the contents of stomach , jejunum , the lower part of ileum , cecum and rectum were taken out at 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 and 24 hours respectively after eating final diets .
Fed two groups of SD rats with transgenic diet and non-transgenic rice diet respectively for 4 weeks , the liver and kidney were sampled and stored .
All samples was examined by PCR .
RESULTS : The fragment of hpt was found the was only detected in stomach and jejunum , but none of the five fragments was detected in the lower part of ileum , cecum and rectum .
The degradation of hpt was time-relationship and long-length fragment relationship , the longer was the action time , the more serious was the degradation .
Foreign hpt gene was not detected in liver and kidney .
CONCLUSION : hpt gene was easy to degraded in gastrointestinal trace and was not detectable in hepatic it issue and nephridial it issues .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Primary investigation on metabolism of hpt gene in transgenic rice modified with cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene in rats ]
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| Title: The tryptophan pathway is involved in the defense responses of rice against pathogenic infection via serotonin production .
| | Author: Ishihara A Hashimoto Y Tanaka C Dubouzet JG Nakao T Matsuda F Nishioka T Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 54 P : 481-95 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18266919 Accession (PMID): 18266919 | | Abstract: The upregulation of the tryptophan ( Trp ) pathway in rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae was indicated by : ( i ) enhanced enzyme activity of anthranilate synthase ( AS ) , which regulates metabolic flux in the Trp pathway ; ( ii ) elevated levels of the AS ( OASA2 , OASB1 , and OASB2 ) transcripts ; and ( iii ) increases in the contents of anthranilate , indole , and Trp .
The measurement of the contents of Trp-derived metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that serotonin and its hydroxycinnamic acid amides were accumulated in infected leaves .
Serotonin accumulation was preceded by a transient increase in the tryptamine content and by marked activation of Trp decarboxylase , indicating that enhanced Trp production is linked to the formation of serotonin from Trp via tryptamine .
Feeding of radiolabeled serotonin to inoculated leaves demonstrated that serotonin is incorporated into the cell walls of lesion it issue .
The leaves of a propagating-type lesion mimic mutant ( sl , Sekiguchi lesion ) lacked both serotonin production and deposition of unextractable brown material at the infection sites , and showed increased susceptibility to B oryzae infection .
Treating the mutant with serotonin restored deposition of brown material at the lesion site .
In addition , the serotonin treatment suppressed the growth of fungal hyphae in the leaf it issues of the sl mutant .
These findings indicated that the activation of the Trp pathway is involved in the establishment of effective physical defenses by producing serotonin in rice leaves .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The tryptophan pathway is involved in the defense responses of rice against pathogenic infection via serotonin production .
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| Title: A Kunitz trypsin inhibitor of Entada scandens seeds : another member with single disulfide bridge .
| | Author: Lingaraju MH Gowda LR | | Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta Citation: V : 1784 P : 850-5 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18359299 Accession (PMID): 18359299 | | Abstract: Sword bean ( Entada scandens ) is a tree climber that belongs to Mimosoideae , a subfamily of Leguminosae .
A potent Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor ( ESTI ) was purified to homogeneity from Entada scandens seeds by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation , affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography .
ESTI is a single polypeptide chain of 19 , 766 Da .
Both native PAGE as well as isoelectric focusing showed a single inhibitor species with a pI of 7 . 43 .
MALDI-TOF analysis also confirmed the monomeric nature .
The amino-terminal sequence of ESTI reveals significant homology to the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors of legume plants .
ESTI is unique in that it contains a single disulfide bridge , and unlike other inhibitors from Mimosoideae species is a single chain polypeptide .
ESTI inhibited bovine trypsin with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 and the apparent K ( i ) was 4 . 9 x 10 ( -9 ) M In vitro assay showed that ESTI inhibited the midgut proteinase of the fifth instar larvae of Rice moth ( Corcyra cephalonica ) with an IC ( 50 ) of 26 . 4+/-0 . 01 nM .
ESTI exhibits a mixed type competitive inhibition at lower concentration and pure competitive at higher inhibitor concentrations .
Phylogenetic analyses depicted a clear divergence of single disulfide containing inhibitors from other tree legume Kunitz inhibitors .
The homology of ESTI to Kunitz inhibitors together with the absence of Bowman-Birk type inhibitors in sword bean further supports the theory that there exists an evolutionary relationship between the families of inhibitors found in Leguminosae .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A Kunitz trypsin inhibitor of Entada scandens seeds : another member with single disulfide bridge .
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| Title: Mutation of a rice gene encoding a phenylalanine biosynthetic enzyme results in accumulation of phenylalanine and tryptophan .
| | Author: Yamada T Matsuda F Kasai K Fukuoka S Kitamura K Tozawa Y Miyagawa H Wakasa K | | Journal: Plant Cell Citation: V : 20 P : 1316-29 Year: 2008 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18487352 Accession (PMID): 18487352 | | Abstract: Two distinct biosynthetic pathways for Phe in plants have been proposed : conversion of prephenate to Phe via phenylpyruvate or arogenate .
The reactions catalyzed by prephenate dehydratase ( PDT ) and arogenate dehydratase ( ADT ) contribute to these respective pathways .
The Mtr1 mutant of rice ( Oryza sativa ) manifests accumulation of Phe , Trp , and several phenylpropanoids , suggesting a link between the synthesis of Phe and Trp .
Here , we show that the Mtr1 mutant gene ( mtr1-D ) encodes a form of rice PDT with a point mutation in the putative allosteric regulatory region of the protein .
Transformed callus lines expressing mtr1-D exhibited all the characteristics of Mtr1 callus it issue .
Biochemical analysis revealed that rice PDT possesses both PDT and ADT activities , with a preference for arogenate as substrate , suggesting that it functions primarily as an ADT .
The wild-type enzyme is feedback regulated by Phe , whereas the mutant enzyme showed a reduced feedback sensitivity , resulting in Phe accumulation .
In addition , these observations indicate that rice PDT is critical for regulating the size of the Phe pool in plant cells .
Feeding external Phe to wild-type callus it issue and seedlings resulted in Trp accumulation , demonstrating a connection between Phe accumulation and Trp pool size .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mutation of a rice gene encoding a phenylalanine biosynthetic enzyme results in accumulation of phenylalanine and tryptophan .
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| Title: Determination of biotin ( vitamin H ) by the high-performance affinity chromatography with a trypsin-treated avidin-bound column .
| | Author: Hayakawa K Katsumata N Hirano M Yoshikawa K Ogata T Tanaka T Nagamine T | | Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Citation: V : 869 P : 93-100 Year: 2008 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18514598 Accession (PMID): 18514598 | | Abstract: A method for measuring biotin by affinity-chromatography was developed using a trypsin-treated avidin silica gel column .
Elution was by a linear gradient of propan-2-ol in an acidic phosphate buffer system containing 0 . 7 M NaCl ( pH 2 . 4 ) .
Biotin was derivatized with 9-anthryldiazomethane ( ADAM ) to the fluorescent biotin-ADAM ester and a linear calibration line was obtained from 0 to 1 . 39 pmol with a detection limit of 69 . 5 fmol .
Biotin was measured after hydrolysis in 2 . 25 M sulphuric acid for 1h at 120 degrees C and the recovery for biocytin was 65 . 7+/-2 . 53% , and hence a correction factor of 1 . 52 was used for the total biotin analysis .
The recovery of added biotin from the serum was more than 98% using this correction factor of 1 . 52 .
Biotin was also measured in nutritional supplemental foods and foodstuffs , and we found that chicken egg yolk , "natto" , rice bran , royal jelly , and dried yeast contained highest levels of biotin .
Biotin was also found in ferments by Bacillus natto , yeast , and some acetic acid bacterium .
Storage foods such as beans , nuts and eggs also contained abundant biotin .
Biotin was also determined and replacement monitored in the serum of suspected biotinidase deficiency patients .
This affinity-chromatographic method for biotin determination was shown to be a robust and reliable and is well suited for biochemical and nutritional research .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Determination of biotin ( vitamin H ) by the high-performance affinity chromatography with a trypsin-treated avidin-bound column .
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| Title: Conversion of 5-hydroxytryptophan into serotonin by tryptophan decarboxylase in plants , Escherichia coli , and yeast | | Author: Park M Kang K Park S Back K | | Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem Citation: V : 72 P : 2456-8 Year: 2008 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18776677 Accession (PMID): 18776677 | | Abstract: The L-tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) gene of rice was heterologously expressed in various organisms .
Transgenic rice overexpressing TDC showed accumulation of serotonin upon 5-hydroxytryptophan treatment , which was consistent with the in vitro 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase enzyme activity of purified recombinant rice TDC in a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent manner .
Recombinant yeast harboring TDC produced serotonin at the expense of the endogenous 5-hydroxytryptophan levels .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Conversion of 5-hydroxytryptophan into serotonin by tryptophan decarboxylase in plants , Escherichia coli , and yeast
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| Title: Purification and Characterization of a Trypsin Inhibitor from Plathymenia foliolosa Seeds .
| | Author: da Silveira Ramos V de Souza Silva G das Gracas Machado Freire M Lima Tavares Machado O Postali Parra JR Rodrigues Macedo ML | | Journal: J Agric Food Chem Citation: V : P : Year: 2008 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub18991455 Accession (PMID): 18991455 | | Abstract: A novel trypsin inhibitor ( PFTI ) was isolated from Plathymenia foliolosa ( Benth . ) seeds by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 , DEAE-Sepharose , and trypsin-Sepharose columns .
By SDS-PAGE , PFTI yielded a single band with a M r of 19 kDa .
PFTI inhibited bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin with equilibrium dissociation constants ( K i ) of 4 x 10 ( -8 ) and 1 . 4 x 10 ( -6 ) M , respectively .
PFTI retained more than 50% of activity at up to 50 degrees C for 30 min , but there were 80 and 100% losses of activity at 60 and 70 degrees C , respectively .
DTT affected the activity or stability of PFTI .
The N-terminal amino acid sequence of PFTI showed a high degree of homology with various members of the Kunitz family of inhibitors .
Anagasta kuehniella is found worldwide ; this insect attacks stored grains and products of rice , oat , rye , corn , and wheat .
The velvet bean caterpillar ( Anticarsia gemmatalis ) is considered the main defoliator pest of soybean in Brazil .
Diatraea saccharalis , the sugar cane borer , is the major pest of sugar cane crops , and its caterpillar-feeding behavior , inside the stems , hampers control .
PFTI showed significant inhibitory activity against trypsin-like proteases present in the larval midguts on A kuehniella and D saccharalis and could suppress the growth of larvae .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Purification and Characterization of a Trypsin Inhibitor from Plathymenia foliolosa Seeds .
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| Title: Constitutive expression of a trypsin protease inhibitor confers multiple stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco | | Author: Srinivasan T Kumar KR Kirti PB | | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol Citation: V : 50 P : 541-53 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19179349 Accession (PMID): 19179349 | | Abstract: Protease inhibitors have been reported to confer insect resistance in transgenic plants , except for a rice protease inhibitor that conferred drought tolerance in transgenic rice plants .
We have cloned a protease inhibitor of tobacco that is expressed under treatment with ABA , hydrogen peroxide , methyl jasmonate and wounding .
The cDNA codes for a six-domain serine protease inhibitor with a deduced sequence of 396 amino acids .
We have generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing the protease inhibitor constitutively under the 35S promoter .
When analyzed in the T ( 2 ) generation , these transgenic plants exhibited tolerance to sodium chloride , variable pH and sorbitol , together with the expected resistance to the insect pests Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera .
The transgenic plants showed enhanced seed germination , root length and root-shoot ratio , significantly enhanced total chlorophyll content and reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances under stress .
Under sodium chloride treatment , the transgenic plants have enhanced protease inhibitor activity .
The transgenic plants exhibited a higher potassium content and an optimum Na+/K+ ratio .
To our knowledge , this is the first report of transgenic plants with constitutive protease inhibitor expression showing tolerance to a wide range variable pH in the culture medium along with other stresses .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Constitutive expression of a trypsin protease inhibitor confers multiple stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco
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| Title: A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant , tdd1 , contains a reduced level of indole acetic acid and develops abnormal flowers and organless embryos .
| | Author: Sazuka T Kamiya N Nishimura T Ohmae K Sato Y Imamura K Nagato Y Koshiba T Nagamura Y Ashikari M Kitano H Matsuoka M | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 60 P : 227-41 Year: 2009 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19682283 Accession (PMID): 19682283 | | Abstract: Indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) plays a critical role in many aspects of plant growth and development ; however , complete pathways of biosynthesis , localization and many aspects of functions of IAA in rice remain unclear .
Here , we report the analysis of a rice tryptophan ( Trp- ) and IAA-deficient mutant , tryptophan deficient dwarf1 ( tdd1 ) , which is embryonic lethal because of a failure to develop most organs during embryogenesis .
Regenerated tdd1 plants showed pleiotropic phenotypes : dwarfing , narrow leaves , short roots and abnormal flowers .
TDD1 encodes a protein homologous to anthranilate synthase beta-subunit , which catalyses the first step of the Trp biosynthesis pathway and functions upstream of Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis .
TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expression overlapped at many sites in WT plants but was lacking in tdd1 , indicating that TDD1 is involved in auxin biosynthesis .
Both Trp and IAA levels in flowers and embryos were much lower in tdd1 than in wild type ( WT ) .
Trp feeding completely rescued the mutant phenotypes and moderate expression of OsYUCCA1 , which encodes a key enzyme in Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis , also rescued plant height and root length , indicating that the abnormal phenotypes of tdd1 are caused predominantly by Trp and IAA deficiency .
In tdd1 embryos , the expression patterns of OSH1 and OsSCR , which mark the presumptive apical region and the L2 layer , respectively , are identical to those in WT , suggesting a possibility either that different IAA levels are required for basic pattern formation than for organ formation or that an orthologous gene compensates for TDD1 deficiency during pattern formation .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant , tdd1 , contains a reduced level of indole acetic acid and develops abnormal flowers and organless embryos .
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| Title: Manipulation of amino acid composition in soybean seeds by the combination of deregulated tryptophan biosynthesis and storage protein deficiency .
| | Author: Kita Y Nakamoto Y Takahashi M Kitamura K Wakasa K Ishimoto M | | Journal: Plant Cell Rep Citation: V : 29 P : 87-95 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub19943163 Accession (PMID): 19943163 | | Abstract: The ability of genetic manipulation to yield greatly increased concentrations of free amino acids ( FAAs ) in seeds of soybean was evaluated by introduction of a feedback-insensitive mutant enzyme of tryptophan ( Trp ) biosynthesis into two transformation-competent breeding lines deficient in major seed storage proteins .
The storage protein-deficient lines exhibited increased accumulation of certain other seed proteins as well as of FAAs including arginine ( Arg ) and asparagine in mature seeds .
Introduction of the gene for a feedback-insensitive mutant of an alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase ( OASA1D ) into the two high-FAA breeding lines by particle bombardment resulted in a >10-fold increase in the level of free Trp in mature seeds compared with that in nontransgenic seeds .
The amount of free Trp in these transgenic seeds was similar to that in OASA1D transgenic seeds of the wild-type cultivar Jack .
The composition of total amino acids in seeds of the high-FAA breeding lines remained largely unaffected by the expression of OASA1D with the exception of an increase in the total Trp content .
Our results therefore indicate that the extra nitrogen resource originating from storage protein deficiency was used exclusively for the synthesis of inherent alternative nitrogen reservoirs such as free Arg and not for deregulated Trp biosynthesis conferred by OASA1D .
The intrinsic null mutations responsible for storage protein deficiency and the OASA1D transgene affecting Trp content were thus successfully combined and showed additive effects on the amino acid composition of soybean seeds .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Manipulation of amino acid composition in soybean seeds by the combination of deregulated tryptophan biosynthesis and storage protein deficiency .
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| Title: Sekiguchi lesion gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes conversion of tryptamine to serotonin in rice .
| | Author: Fujiwara T Maisonneuve S Isshiki M Mizutani M Chen L Wong HL Kawasaki T Shimamoto K | | Journal: J Biol Chem Citation: V : 285 P : 11308-13 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20150424 Accession (PMID): 20150424 | | Abstract: Serotonin is a well known neurotransmitter in mammals and plays an important role in various mental functions in humans .
In plants , the serotonin biosynthesis pathway and its function are not well understood .
The rice sekiguchi lesion ( sl ) mutants accumulate tryptamine , a candidate substrate for serotonin biosynthesis .
We isolated the SL gene by map-based cloning and found that it encodes CYP71P1 in a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family .
A recombinant SL protein exhibited tryptamine 5-hydroxylase enzyme activity and catalyzed the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin .
This pathway is novel and has not been reported in mammals .
Expression of SL was induced by the N-acetylchitooligosaccharide ( chitin ) elicitor and by infection with Magnaporthe grisea , a causal agent for rice blast disease .
Exogenously applied serotonin induced defense gene expression and cell death in rice suspension cultures and increased resistance to rice blast infection in plants .
We also found that serotonin-induced defense gene expression is mediated by the RacGTPase pathway and by the G alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein .
These results suggest that serotonin plays an important role in rice innate immunity .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Sekiguchi lesion gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes conversion of tryptamine to serotonin in rice .
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| Title: cDNA cloning , heterogeneous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease from Nilaparvata lugens .
| | Author: Yang Z Xia X Wang X He G | | Journal: Z Naturforsch C Citation: V : 65 P : 109-18 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20355330 Accession (PMID): 20355330 | | Abstract: A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) strategy was used to clone diverse trypsin-like protease gene transcripts from midguts of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal ( Homoptera : Delphacidae ) .
Six individual trypsin-like protease transcripts were identified .
On the basis of one nucleotide sequence of the six clones , a full-length cDNA sequence ( 1902 bp ) was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends ( RACE ) .
The cDNA contained an 1128-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 375 amino acids with typical features of the trypsin-like protease .
Heterogeneous expression of the coding sequence for the mature peptide in Escherichia coli cells showed that the expressed protease with a molecular weight of 27 . 0 is active , for its BApNAse activity assayed by using BApNA ( N-benzoyl-D , L-arginine-p-nitroanilide ) as substrate .
The protease had its maximum activity at pH 8 . 0 and 35 degrees C A much better stability was observed at pH values above 4 . 0 and temperatures below 40 degrees C The enzyme was strongly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor .
The trypsin-like protease is therefore likely one of the major digestive proteases responsible for protein hydrolysis in N lugens gut , and multiple gene families encoding digestive proteases may help in adaptation of this sap-sucker to different rice varieties .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: cDNA cloning , heterogeneous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease from Nilaparvata lugens .
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| Title: Infestation of peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms by Rhodnius stali , a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Alto Beni , Bolivia .
| | Author: Justi SA Noireau F Cortez MR Monteiro FA | | Journal: Trop Med Int Health Citation: V : 15 P : 727-32 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20374565 Accession (PMID): 20374565 | | Abstract: OBJECTIVES : To determine ( i ) whether peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms in fragmented human-occupied areas of the Alto Beni , Bolivia , are infested by triatomines ; ( ii ) the specific status of triatomines captured in the area ; and ( iii ) the rate of natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection among those triatomines .
METHODS : One hundred and twenty-five live-bait traps were used to sample 47 A phalerata palms in three Alto Beni localities .
Active search for vectors was also performed in 10 chicken coops and three rice storage units .
Only Rhodnius specimens were found .
As nymphs of closely related Rhodnius species are morphologically undistinguishable , and because of controversy in the literature regarding which Rhodnius species occur in Bolivia , collected insects were identified through molecular taxonomy .
Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences obtained for a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and for the nuclear ITS-2 ribosomal region were used as molecular markers .
Natural infection rates were determined using a pair of primers that PCR-amplify a 330-bp fragment of the parasites kDNA .
RESULTS : Twelve nymphs were captured in five A phalerata palms ( from two of the three localities studied ) , and an adult was collected from a chicken coop in Iniqua ( and morphologically identified as Rhodnius stali ) .
All nymphs ( as well as the adult ) were molecularly identified as R stali based on the two molecular markers used .
A single nymph was found to be infected with T cruzi .
CONCLUSIONS : Attalea phalerata palms represent an important sylvatic ecotope occupied by R stali in the Alto Beni region of Bolivia , where there are signs of T cruzi transmission to humans , despite the preliminary indication of low level of natural infection of the vectors .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Infestation of peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms by Rhodnius stali , a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Alto Beni , Bolivia .
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| Title: Role of serotonin transporter inhibition in the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase in brainstem raphe nuclei : time course and regional specificity .
| | Author: MacGillivray L Lagrou LM Reynolds KB Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | | Journal: Neuroscience Citation: V : 171 P : 407-20 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20868730 Accession (PMID): 20868730 | | Abstract: Drugs that selectively inhibit the serotonin transporter ( SERT ) are widely prescribed for treatment of depression and a range of anxiety disorders .
We studied the time course of changes in tryptophan hydroxylase ( TPH ) in four raphe nuclei after initiation of two different SERT inhibitors , citalopram and fluoxetine .
In the first experiment , groups of Sprague-Dawley rats received daily meals of rice pudding either alone ( n=9 ) or mixed with citalopram 5 mg/kg/day ( n=27 ) .
Rats were sacrificed after 24 h , 7 days or 28 days of treatment .
Sections of dorsal raphe nucleus ( DRN ) , median raphe nucleus ( MRN ) , raphe magnus nucleus ( RMN ) and caudal linear nucleus ( CLN ) were processed for TPH immunohistochemistry .
Citalopram induced a significant reduction in DRN TPH-positive cell counts at 24 h ( 41% ) , 7 days ( 38% ) and 28 days ( 52% ) .
Similar reductions in TPH-positive cell counts were also observed at each timepoint in the MRN and in the RMN .
In the MRN , citalopram resulted in significant reductions at 24 h ( 26% ) , 7 days ( 16% ) and 28 days ( 23% ) .
In the RMN , citalopram induced significant reductions of TPH-positive cell counts at 24 h ( 45% ) , 7 days ( 34% ) and 28 days ( 43% ) .
By contrast , no significant differences between control and treatment groups were observed in the CLN at any of the time points that we studied .
To investigate whether these changes would occur with other SERT inhibitors , we conducted a second experiment , this time with a 28-day course of fluoxetine .
As was observed with citalopram , fluoxetine induced significant reductions of TPH cell counts in the DRN ( 39% ) , MRN ( 38% ) and RMN ( 41% ) , with no significant differences in the CLN .
These results indicate that SERT inhibition can alter the regulation of TPH , the rate limiting enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis .
This persistent and regionally specific downregulation of serotonin biosynthesis may account for some of the clinical withdrawal symptoms associated with drugs that inhibit SERT .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Role of serotonin transporter inhibition in the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase in brainstem raphe nuclei : time course and regional specificity .
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| Title: Production of functional recombinant bovine trypsin in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures .
| | Author: Kim NS Yu HY Chung ND Shin YJ Kwon TH Yang MS | | Journal: Protein Expr Purif Citation: V : 76 P : 121-6 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub20951807 Accession (PMID): 20951807 | | Abstract: A synthetic bovine trypsinogen ( sbTrypsinogen ) was synthesized on the basis of rice-optimized codon usage via an overlap PCR strategy , prior to being expressed under the control of the sucrose starvation-inducible rice alpha-amylase 3D ( RAmy3D ) promoter .
Secretion of trypsin into the culture medium was achieved by using the existing signal peptide .
The plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli ( Oryza sativa L cv .
Dongjin ) , mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens .
The integration of the sbTrypsinogen gene into the chromosome of the transgenic rice callus was verified via genomic DNA PCR amplification , and sbTrypsin expression in transgenic rice suspension cells was confirmed via Northern blot analysis .
Western blot analysis detected glycosylated proteins in the culture medium , having masses from 24 to 26 kDa , following induction by sugar starvation .
Proteolytic activity of the rice-derived trypsin was confirmed by gelatin zymogram , and was similar to that of the commercial bovine-produced trypsin .
The yields of sbTrypsin that accumulated in the transgenic rice cell suspension medium were 15 mg/L at 5 days after sugar starvation .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Production of functional recombinant bovine trypsin in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures .
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| Title: Tryptophan boost caused by senescence occurred independently of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase .
| | Author: Park S Lee K Kang K Kim YS Lee S Kweon SJ Back K | | Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem Citation: V : 74 P : 2352-4 Year: 2010 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21071852 Accession (PMID): 21071852 | | Abstract: We examined to determine whether senescence-induced tryptophan levels are positively associated with levels of glutamine synthetase ( GS1 ) , the initial enzyme in tryptophan biosynthesis .
We generated transgenic rice plants in which GS1 was suppressed by RNA interference technology .
The transgenic line showed a dramatic decrease in GS1 protein and glutamine content , but the levels of tryptophan and mRNA of the key tryptophan biosynthetic genes upon senescence were comparable to those of the wild type .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptophan boost caused by senescence occurred independently of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase .
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| Title: Probing the role of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in defense responses against Bipolaris oryzae infection in rice leaves by a suicide substrate of tryptophan decarboxylase .
| | Author: Ishihara A Nakao T Mashimo Y Murai M Ichimaru N Tanaka C Nakajima H Wakasa K Miyagawa H | | Journal: Phytochemistry Citation: V : 72 P : 7-13 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21112065 Accession (PMID): 21112065 | | Abstract: Tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites , including serotonin and its hydroxycinnamic acid amides , markedly accumulate in rice leaves in response to pathogen attack .
These compounds have been implicated in the physical defense system against pathogen invasion by being deposited in cell walls .
Serotonin is biosynthesized from tryptophan via tryptamine , and tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) catalyzes the first committed reaction .
In this study , ( S ) -alpha- ( fluoromethyl ) tryptophan ( S-alphaFMT ) was utilized to investigate the effects of the inhibition of TDC on the defense responses of rice leaves .
S-alphaFMT , enantiospecifically synthesized from L-tryptophan , effectively inhibited TDC activity extracted from rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae .
The inhibition rate increased dependently on the incubation time , indicating that S-alphaFMT served as a suicide substrate .
Treatment of rice seedlings with S-alphaFMT suppressed accumulation of serotonin , tryptamine , and hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin in a dose-dependent manner in B oryzae-inoculated leaves .
The lesions formed on seedlings treated with S-alphaFMT lacked deposition of brown materials , and those leaves were severely damaged in comparison with leaves without S-alphaFMT treatment .
Administrating tryptamine to S-alphaFMT-treated leaves restored accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites as well as deposition of brown material In addition , tryptamine administration reduced damage caused by fungal infection .
Accordingly , the accumulation of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites was suggested to be part of the effective defense mechanism of rice .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Probing the role of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in defense responses against Bipolaris oryzae infection in rice leaves by a suicide substrate of tryptophan decarboxylase .
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| Title: Methanol is an endogenous elicitor molecule for the synthesis of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites upon senescence of detached rice leaves .
| | Author: Kang K Park S Natsagdorj U Kim YS Back K | | Journal: Plant J Citation: V : 66 P : 247-57 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21205035 Accession (PMID): 21205035 | | Abstract: During senescence of detached rice leaves , tryptophan ( Trp ) and Trp-derived secondary metabolites such as serotonin and 4-coumaroylserotonin accumulated in concert with methanol ( MeOH ) production .
This senescence-induced MeOH induction was closely associated with levels of pectin methylesterase ( PME ) 1 mRNA and PME enzyme activity .
Exogenous challenge of detached rice leaves with 1% MeOH accelerated Trp and serotonin biosynthesis with induction of the corresponding genes .
No other solvents , including ethanol , resulted in a Trp-inducing effect .
This MeOH-induced Trp synthesis was positively regulated by abscisic acid but negatively regulated by cytokinin , suggesting hormonal involvement in the action of MeOH .
Endogenous overproduction or suppression of MeOH either by PME1 overexpression or RNA interference ( RNAi ) gene silencing revealed that PME1 overexpressing lines produced twofold higher Trp levels with elevated Trp biosynthetic gene expression , whereas RNAi lines showed twofold reduction in Trp level in healthy control rice leaves , suggesting that MeOH acts as an endogenous elicitor to enhance Trp biosynthesis .
Among many transcription factors induced following MeOH treatment , the WRKY family showed significant induction patterns , of which WRKY14 appeared to play a key regulatory role in MeOH-induced Trp and Trp-derived secondary metabolite biosynthesis .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 2.00 ]: Methanol is an endogenous elicitor molecule for the synthesis of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites upon senescence of detached rice leaves .
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| Title: Biochemical characterization of the novel rice kinesin K23 and its kinetic study using fluorescence resonance energy transfer between an intrinsic tryptophan residue and a fluorescent ATP analogue .
| | Author: Umezu N Hanzawa N Yamada MD Kondo K Mitsui T Maruta S | | Journal: J Biochem Citation: V : 149 P : 539-50 Year: 2011 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21278385 Accession (PMID): 21278385 | | Abstract: We previously demonstrated that the rice kinesin K16 , which belongs to the kinesin-7 subfamily , has unique enzymatic properties and atomic structure within key functional regions .
In this study , we focused on a novel rice plant kinesin , K23 , which also belongs to the kinesin-7 subfamily .
The biochemical characterization of the K23 motor domain ( K23MD ) was studied and compared with the rice kinesin K16 and other related kinesins .
K23 exhibits approximately 45-fold ( 1 . 3 Pi mol ( -1 ) site mol ( -1 ) s ( -1 ) ) lower microtubule-dependent ATPase activity than conventional kinesins , whereas its affinity for microtubules is comparable with conventional kinesins .
MgADP-free K23 is unstable compared with the unusually stable MgADP-free K16MD .
The enzymatic properties of K23MD are somewhat different from those of K16 .
We used a fluorescent ATP analogue 2 ( 3 ) -O- ( N-methylanthraniloyl ) -ATP ( mant-ATP ) for the kinetic characterization of K23 .
The fluorescence of mant-ATP was not significantly altered during its hydrolysis by K23 .
However , significant fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) between mant-ATP and W21 in the motor domain was observed .
The kinetic study using FRET revealed that K23 has unique kinetic characteristics when compared with other kinesins .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Biochemical characterization of the novel rice kinesin K23 and its kinetic study using fluorescence resonance energy transfer between an intrinsic tryptophan residue and a fluorescent ATP analogue .
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| Title: [ Study on the global and local calibration methods of tryptophan content in rice by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy ] .
| | Author: Zhang B Zhang DP Zhang WB Wang KM Li G Yao YZ Wu JG Shi CH | | Journal: Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi Citation: V : 31 P : 73-6 Year: 2011 Type: In-Process | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21428060 Accession (PMID): 21428060 | | Abstract: Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids in human , and also considered as an important limiting amino acid in rice .
Alkali hydrolysis method was used to determine the tryptophan content of 272 representative samples selected from the 1 256 samples in four years .
Based on the milled rice flour spectroscopy , by comparing the prediction abilities of the equations with global calibrations and local calibration , the global calibration method with MPLS and the local calibration method were better than others .
Their calibration models could be introduced to application because of low standard errors of prediction for both methods ( 0 . 007% ) and high coefficients of determination ( 87 . 1% and 87 . 4% , respectively ) .
Furthermore , the prediction ability of the equation based on the brown rice spectroscopy could be still used for determination application though their effects were worse than that of the milled rice flour spectroscopy .
It was concluded that the equation could be directly used to estimate the content of tryptophan in milled rice , and the technology of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy developed in this study could be applied in selecting breeding materials for higher tryptophan content and in quality control during rice processing .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Study on the global and local calibration methods of tryptophan content in rice by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy ] .
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| Title: A trypsin-like protease in rice green semi-looper , Naranga aenescens moore ( lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) : purification and characterization .
| | Author: Zibaee A Bandani AR Fazeli-Dinan M Zibaee I Sendi JJ Maleki FA | | Journal: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol Citation: V : P : Year: 2011 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21678486 Accession (PMID): 21678486 | | Abstract: The rice green semi looper , Naranga aenescens Moore ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) causes severe damage to rice fields in Eastern Asia and Middle East We demonstrate that two types of serine proteases are active in the midgut of the third instar larvae of N aenescens , but trypsin-like proteases are considerably more active than chymotrypsin-like proteases .
To develop better control strategies , purification and biochemical characterization of a major trypsin-like digestive protease from the midgut of the third instar larvae of N aenescens was achieved by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography .
After the final purification step , the enzyme was purified 9 . 62-fold with a recovery of 16 . 1% and a specific activity of 4 . 12 U/mg protein and a molecular mass of approximately 88 . 5 kDa .
Biochemical characterization indicated that the purified protease had highest activity at pH 10 and 30 degrees C and was stable for up to 6 h under those conditions .
Divalent cations , especially Ca ( 2+ ) , Mg ( 2+ ) , and Cu ( 2+ ) , increased the enzyme activity and synthetic inhibitors that target trypsin-like activity caused a significant reduction in caseinolytic activity .
These data may be used to develop inhibitors that decrease the damage of N aenescens to rice cultivars in the field .
( c ) 2011 Wiley Periodicals , Inc .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A trypsin-like protease in rice green semi-looper , Naranga aenescens moore ( lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) : purification and characterization .
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| Title: Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase-deficient Sekiguchi rice induces synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan and N-acetyltryptamine but decreases melatonin biosynthesis during senescence process of detached leaves .
| | Author: Park S Lee K Kim YS Back K | | Journal: J Pineal Res Citation: V : 52 P : 211-6 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21884550 Accession (PMID): 21884550 | | Abstract: Melatonin biosynthesis was examined in Sekiguchi mutant rice lacking functional tryptamine 5-hydroxylase ( T5H ) activity , which is the terminal enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis in rice .
During senescence process , the leaves of Sekiguchi mutant rice produced more tryptamine and N-acetyltryptamine compared with the wild-type Asahi leaves .
Even though T5H activity is absent , Sekiguchi leaves produce low levels of serotonin derived from 5-hydroxytryptophan , which was found to be synthesized during senescence process .
Accordingly , both rice cultivars exhibited similar levels of N-acetylserotonin until 6 days of senescence induction ; however , only Asahi leaves continued to accumulate N-acetylserotonin after 6 days .
In contrast , a large amount of N-acetyltryptamine was accumulated in Sekiguchi leaves , indicating that tryptamine was efficiently utilized as substrate by the rice arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase enzyme .
An increase in N-acetyltryptamine in Sekiguchi had an inhibitory effect on synthesis of melatonin because little melatonin was produced in Sekiguchi leaves at 6 days of senescence induction , even in the presence of equivalent levels of N-acetylserotonin in both cultivars .
The exogenous treatment of 0 . 1 mmN-acetyltryptamine during senescence process completely blocked melatonin synthesis .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase-deficient Sekiguchi rice induces synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan and N-acetyltryptamine but decreases melatonin biosynthesis during senescence process of detached leaves .
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| Title: Induced tyramine overproduction in transgenic rice plants expressing a rice tyrosine decarboxylase under the control of methanol-inducible rice tryptophan decarboxylase promoter .
| | Author: Park S Lee K Kim YS Chi YT Shin JS Back K | | Journal: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Citation: V : 35 P : 205-10 Year: 2012 Type: In-Data-Review | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub21909937 Accession (PMID): 21909937 | | Abstract: Tyramine , one of the various biogenic amines found in plants , is derived from the aromatic L : -amino acid tyrosine through the catalytic reaction of tyrosine decarboxylase ( TYDC ) .
Tyramine overproduction by constitutive expression of TYDC in rice plants leads to stunted growth , but an increased number of tillers .
To regulate tyramine production in rice plants , we expressed TYDC under the control of a methanol-inducible plant tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) promoter and generated transgenic T ( 2 ) homozygous rice plants .
The transgenic rice plants showed normal growth phenotypes with slightly increased levels of tyramine in seeds relative to wild type .
Upon treatment with 1% methanol , the transgenic rice leaves produced large amounts of tyramine , whereas no increase in tyramine production was observed in wild-type plants .
The methanol-induced accumulation of tyramine in the transgenic rice leaves was inversely correlated with the tyrosine level .
These data indicate that tyramine production in rice plants can be artificially controlled using the methanol-inducible TDC promoter , suggesting that this promoter could be used to selectively induce the expression of other proteins or metabolites in rice plants .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Induced tyramine overproduction in transgenic rice plants expressing a rice tyrosine decarboxylase under the control of methanol-inducible rice tryptophan decarboxylase promoter .
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| Title: Serotonin accumulation in transgenic rice by over-expressing tryptophan decarboxylase results in a dark brown phenotype and stunted growth .
| | Author: Kanjanaphachoat P Wei BY Lo SF Wang IW Wang CS Yu SM Yen ML Chiu SH Lai CC Chen LJ | | Journal: Plant Mol Biol Citation: V : 78 P : 525-43 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22297847 Accession (PMID): 22297847 | | Abstract: A mutant M47286 with a stunted growth , low fertility and dark-brown phenotype was identified from a T-DNA-tagged rice mutant library .
This mutant contained a copy of the T-DNA tag inserted at the location where the expression of two putative tryptophan decarboxylase genes , TDC-1 and TDC-3 , were activated .
Enzymatic assays of both recombinant proteins showed tryptophan decarboxylase activities that converted tryptophan to tryptamine , which could be converted to serotonin by a constitutively expressed tryptamine 5 hydroxylase ( T5H ) in rice plants .
Over-expression of TDC-1 and TDC-3 in transgenic rice recapitulated the stunted growth , darkbrown phenotype and resulted in a low fertility similar to M47286 .
The degree of stunted growth and dark-brown color was proportional to the expression levels of TDC-1 and TDC-3 .
The levels of tryptamine and serotonin accumulation in these transgenic rice lines were also directly correlated with the expression levels of TDC-1 and TDC-3 .
A mass spectrometry assay demonstrated that the darkbrown leaves and hulls in the TDC-overexpressing transgenic rice were caused by the accumulation of serotonin dimer and that the stunted growth and low fertility were also caused by the accumulation of serotonin and serotonin dimer , but not tryptamine .
These results represent the first evidence that over-expression of TDC results in stunted growth , low fertility and the accumulation of serotonin , which when converted to serotonin dimer , leads to a dark brown plant color .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Serotonin accumulation in transgenic rice by over-expressing tryptophan decarboxylase results in a dark brown phenotype and stunted growth .
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| Title: Cloning and characterization of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes in the striped rice stem borer , Chilo suppressalis .
| | Author: Ge ZY Wan PJ Han ZJ | | Journal: Genome Citation: V : 55 P : 281-8 Year: 2012 Type: MEDLINE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22432944 Accession (PMID): 22432944 | | Abstract: Serine proteinases including trypsins and chymotrypsins play various important roles in insects , including food digestion , immune defense , and zymogen activation .
Studies on insect serine proteinases could reveal their feeding preference ( polyphagous and monophagous ) and facilitate identification of protease inhibitors , which can be engineered for pest management .
In this paper , 11 transcripts encoding trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteins were cloned from the striped rice stem borer , Chilo suppressalis ( Walker ) .
All the predicted proteins share high sequence similarity with known trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteins from either lepidopterans or dipterans , and most of the proteins have conserved motifs that are characteristics of serine proteinases .
Among the 11 cloned genes , six were expressed predominantly and one exclusively in the midgut of the insect , three were expressed relatively evenly in examined it issues , and one was not expressed in either the gut or hemolymph based on RT-PCR results .
The seven genes that were predominantly or exclusively expressed in the gut were also affected by feeding on different host plants .
The genes that were expressed in the gut and were affected by host plants are likely to encode digestive proteinases .
The identification of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes in this insect species is the first step towards further comparative studies and for identification of insect-specific proteinase inhibitors , which might be engineered to protect rice plants against the striped rice stem borer , which is one of the destructive pests of rice .
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[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Cloning and characterization of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes in the striped rice stem borer , Chilo suppressalis .
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| Title: A large increase in IAA during development of rice grains correlates with the expression of tryptophan aminotransferase OsTAR1 and a grain-specific YUCCA .
| | Author: Abu-Zaitoon YM Bennett K Normanly J Nonhebel HM | | Journal: Physiol Plant Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22582989 Accession (PMID): 22582989 | | Abstract: The indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) content of developing grains of Oryza sativa subsp . japonica was measured by combined liquid chromatography , tandem mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode .
The increase from 50 ng g ( -1 ) fresh weight to 2 . 9 microg g ( -1 ) fresh weight from 1 to 14 days after pollination was much larger than that previously reported by enzyme-linked immunoassay methods .
The largest increase in IAA content coincided with the start of the major starch deposition phase of grain-fill .
The increase in IAA content was strongly correlated with the expression of putative IAA biosynthesis genes , OsYUC9 , OsYUC11 and OsTAR1 , measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction .
These results confirm the importance of the tryptophan aminotransferase/YUCCA pathway in this system .
All three genes were expressed in endosperm ; expression of OsYUC11 appeared to be confined to endosperm it issue .
Phylogenetic analysis indicated that OsYUC11 and AtYUC10 belong to a separate clade of YUCCAs , which do not have orthologues outside the Angiosperms .
This clade may have evolved with a specific role in endosperm .
Expression of tryptophan decarboxylase in developing rice grains did not correlate with IAA levels , indicating that tryptamine is unlikely to be important for IAA synthesis in this system .
In light of these observations , we hypothesize that IAA production in developing rice grains is controlled via expression of OsTAR1 , OsYUC9 , OsYUC11 and that IAA may be important during starch deposition in addition to its previously suggested role early in grain development .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: A large increase in IAA during development of rice grains correlates with the expression of tryptophan aminotransferase OsTAR1 and a grain-specific YUCCA .
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| Title: Mechanistic Examination of C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) Bond Cleavages of Tryptophan Residues during Dissociations of Molecular Peptide Radical Cations .
| | Author: Song T Ma CY Chu IK Siu CK Laskin J | | Journal: J Phys Chem A Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22697598 Accession (PMID): 22697598 | | Abstract: In this study , we used collision-induced dissociation ( CID ) to examine the gas-phase fragmentations of [ G ( n ) W ] ( *+ ) ( n = 2-4 ) and [ GXW ] ( *+ ) ( X = C , S , L , F , Y , Q ) species .
The C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage of a C-terminal decarboxylated tryptophan residue ( [ M - CO ( 2 ) ] ( *+ ) ) can generate [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 116 ] ( + ) , [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 117 ] ( *+ ) , and [ 1H-indole ] ( *+ ) ( m/z 117 ) species as possible product ions .
Competition between the formation of [ M - CO ( 2 ) - 116 ] ( + ) and [ 1H-indole ] ( *+ ) systems implies the existence of a proton-bound dimer formed between the indole ring and peptide backbone .
Formation of such a proton-bound dimer is facile via a protonation of the tryptophan gamma-carbon atom as suggested by density functional theory ( DFT ) calculations .
DFT calculations also suggested the initially formed ion 2 , the decarboxylated species that is active against C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage , can efficiently isomerize to form a more stable pi-radical isomer ( ion 9 ) as supported by Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus ( RRKM ) modeling .
The C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage of a tryptophan residue also can occur directly from peptide radical cations containing a basic residue .
CID of [ WG ( n ) R ] ( *+ ) ( n = 1-3 ) radical cations consistently resulted in predominant formation of [ M - 116 ] ( + ) product ions .
It appears that the basic arginine residue tightly sequesters the proton and allows the charge-remote C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) bond cleavage to prevail over the charge-directed one .
DFT calculations predicted that the barrier for the former is 6 . 2 kcal mol ( -1 ) lower than that of the latter .
Furthermore , the pathway involving a salt-bridge intermediate also was accessible during such a bond cleavage event .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Mechanistic Examination of C ( beta ) -C ( gamma ) Bond Cleavages of Tryptophan Residues during Dissociations of Molecular Peptide Radical Cations .
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| Title: Transcriptional network analysis of the tryptophan-accumulating rice mutant during grain filling .
| | Author: Kim DS Lee KJ Yim WC Kim JB Ha BK Kim SH Kang SY | | Journal: Mol Genet Genomics Citation: V : P : Year: 2012 Type: Publisher | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub22836167 Accession (PMID): 22836167 | | Abstract: In a previous study , we selected a high tryptophan ( Trp ) -accumulating rice ( Oryza sativa L ) mutant line by in vitro mutagenesis using gamma rays .
To obtain detailed information about the Trp biosynthetic pathway during the grain-filling in rice , we investigated the gene expression profiles in the wild-type ( cv .
Dongan ) and the high-level Trp-accumulating mutant line ( MRVII-33 ) at five different grain-filling stages using microarray analysis .
The mutant line showed approximately 6 . 3-fold higher Trp content and 2 . 3-fold higher amino acids compared with the original cultivar at the final stage ( stage V ) .
The intensity of gene expression was analyzed and compared between the wild-type and mutant line at each of the five grain-filling stages using the Rice 4 x 44K oligo DNA microarray .
Among the five stages , stage III showed the highest gene expression changes for both up and down-regulated genes .
Among the Trp biosynthesis-related genes , trpG showed high expression in the mutant line during stages I to IV and trpE showed higher at stage III .
Gene clustering was performed based on the genes of KEGGs amino acid metabolism , and a total of 276 genes related to amino acid metabolism were placed into three clusters .
The functional annotation enrichment analysis of the genes classified into the three clusters was also conducted using ClueGO .
It was found that cluster 3 uniquely included biological processes related to aromatic amino acid metabolism .
These results suggest that gene analysis based on microarray data is useful for elucidating the biological mechanisms of Trp accumulation in high Trp-accumulating mutants at each of the grain-filling stages .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Transcriptional network analysis of the tryptophan-accumulating rice mutant during grain filling .
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| Title: Stability and specificity of rice bran trypsin inhibitor .
| | Author: Tashiro M Maki Z | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 32 ( 6 ) P : 591-9 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub3108471 Accession (PMID): 3108471 | | Abstract: The stability and inhibitory specificity of rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) was investigated in an attempt to understand its nutritional significance .
RBTI retained about 100% of its original activity over a pH range from 4 to 10 during 24-h incubation at 37 degrees C In heat treatment , RBTI at acidic and neutral pH values still possessed about 50% of its initial activity after 30-min incubation at 100 degrees C , although it was completely inactivated during 15-min incubation at pH 10 and 100 degrees C The effects of metal ions and some reagents on RBTI were examined and it was found that Hg ion reduced RBTIs inhibitory activity : The inhibitor lost 30-100% of its original activity upon incubation with a reducing , an oxidizing or a thiol reagent .
Digestion tests on RBTI indicated that alpha-chymotrypsin did not affect the inhibitory activity and pepsin caused only a 30% loss of the initial inhibitory activity after 24-h digestion .
To determine inhibitory specificity , bovine , hog , rat , and human trypsins were used as target enzymes bound to an immobilized RBTI column .
Titrations of the purified enzymes with RBTI showed that bovine , hog , and rat trypsins were powerfully inhibited by the inhibitor , while human trypsin was only weakly inhibited . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Stability and specificity of rice bran trypsin inhibitor .
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| Title: The amino acid sequence of a cereal Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi L ) .
| | Author: Ary MB Shewry PR Richardson M | | Journal: FEBS Lett .
Citation: V : 229 ( 1 ) P : 111-8 Year: 1988 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub3162215 Accession (PMID): 3162215 | | Abstract: The major trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi ) was purified by heat treatment , fractional precipitation with ( NH4 ) 2SO4 , ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose , gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 and preparative reverse-phase HPLC .
The complete amino acid sequence was determined by analysis of peptides derived from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein by digestion with trypsin , chymotrypsin and the S aureus V8 protease .
The polypeptide contained 64 amino acids with a high content of cysteine .
The sequence exhibited strong homology with a number of Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legume seeds and similar proteins recently isolated from wheat and rice .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The amino acid sequence of a cereal Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Jobs tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi L ) .
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| Title: The complete amino acid sequence of rice bran trypsin inhibitor .
| | Author: Tashiro M Hashino K Shiozaki M Ibuki F Maki Z | | Journal: J Biochem .
Citation: V : 102 ( 2 ) P : 297-306 Year: 1987 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub3667571 Accession (PMID): 3667571 | | Abstract: The complete amino acid sequence of a double-headed trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) from rice bran was determined by a combination of limited proteolysis of the native inhibitor with Streptomyces griseus trypsin at pH 3 and conventional methods .
RBTI consists of 133 amino acid residues including 18 half-cystine residues which are involved in 9 disulfide bridges in the molecule .
The limited proteolysis at pH 3 produced a major split of Lys ( 83 ) -Met ( 84 ) and a minor split of Arg ( 107 ) -Val ( 108 ) together with a non-enzymatic hydrolysis of Asp ( 19 ) -Pro ( 20 ) in the molecule .
The established sequence showed that RBTI is composed of 4 domains , domains I and III , and domains II and IV being homologous to the first and the second domains of soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor , respectively , indicating that RBTI has a duplicated structure of the Bowman-Birk type inhibitor .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The complete amino acid sequence of rice bran trypsin inhibitor .
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| Title: Metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein genes of Trypanosoma brucei subsp . rhodesiense are activated in situ , and their expression is transcriptionally regulated .
| | Author: Lenardo MJ Esser KM Moon AM Van der Ploeg LH Donelson JE .
| | Journal: Mol . Cell . Biol . Citation: V : 6 ( 6 ) P : 1991-7 Year: 1986 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub3785186 Accession (PMID): 3785186 | | Abstract: During the metacyclic stage in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei subsp . rhodesiense , the expression of variant surface glycoproteins ( VSGs ) is restricted to a small subset of antigenic types .
Previously we identified cDNAs for the VSGs expressed in metacyclic variant antigen types ( MVATs ) 4 and 7 and found that these VSG genes do not rearrange when expressed at the metacyclic stage ( M J Lenardo , A C Rice-Ficht , G Kelly , K Esser , and J E Donelson , Proc . Nathl . Acad Sci .
USA 81 : 6642-6646 , 1984 ) .
We now provide further evidence that these genes do not rearrange and demonstrate that their 5 upstream regions lack the 72 to 76-base-pair repeats which are considered the substrate for duplication and transposition events .
Pulsed field gradient electrophoresis showed that the MVAT VSG genes were located on the largest chromosome-sized DNA molecules , and the lack of the MVAT 4 gene in one of two different serodemes suggested that one mechanism for the evolution of MVAT repertoires is gene deletion .
When MVATs were inoculated into the bloodstream of a mammalian host by a bite from the insect vector , they rapidly switched into nonmetacyclic VSG types .
We found that this switch was accomplished by a loss of MVAT RNA concomitant with the loss of metacyclic VSGs .
Transcription studies with isolated metacyclic nuclei showed that the MVAT genes were expressed in situ from a single locus and were regulated at the level of transcription .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein genes of Trypanosoma brucei subsp . rhodesiense are activated in situ , and their expression is transcriptionally regulated .
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| Title: Nitrogen retention of adult human subjects fed varying quantities of tryptophan .
| | Author: Clark HE Moon WH Malzer JL Birt DF Pang RL .
| | Journal: J Nutr .
Citation: V : 104 ( 9 ) P : 1121-6 Year: 1974 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub4853355 Accession (PMID): 4853355 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nitrogen retention of adult human subjects fed varying quantities of tryptophan .
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| Title: Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from rice bran .
| | Author: Tashiro M Maki Z | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 25 ( 3 ) P : 255-64 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub501453 Accession (PMID): 501453 | | Abstract: A trypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified from the bran of rice , Oryza sativa , by extraction with 1% sodium chloride , heat treatment , ammonium sulfate precipitation , ion-exchange chromatography on a CM-Sephadex C-25 and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 .
The final preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic analysis .
Rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) had a molecular weight of about 14 , 500 and an isoelectric point of 8 . 07 .
The amino acids , acid composition was characterized by high contents of basic amino acids , aspartic acid , glutamic acid , proline and cystine .
BRTI inhibited bovine trypsin at an inhibitor-enzyme molar ratio of 1 : 1 . 6 .
It displayed , however , nobility to inhibit alpha-chymotrypsin , pepsin , papain and subtilisin BPN . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from rice bran .
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| Title: [ Stability of tryptophan in a sodic medium and its recovery under different conditions of hydrolysis .
Application to rice flour ] | | Author: Robin P Robin D | | Journal: Citation: V : 59 ( 2 ) P : 173-84 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub5150472 Accession (PMID): 5150472 | | Abstract: | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Stability of tryptophan in a sodic medium and its recovery under different conditions of hydrolysis .
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| Title: Nutritional significance of a rice bran concentrate with trypsin inhibitor activity .
| | Author: Maki Z Tashiro M | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 29 ( 3 ) P : 293-302 Year: 1983 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6619992 Accession (PMID): 6619992 | | Abstract: A rice bran protein concentrate ( RBPC ) was prepared from de-fatted rice bran by extraction with a 1% sodium chloride solution and by acetone-precipitation .
This protein concentrate contained 45% protein , which was as good as casein in terms of protein quality being judged from the results of amino acid analysis .
On the other hand , RBPC possessed the trypsin inhibitor activity corresponding to the complete inhibition of about 6 mg of bovine trypsin per 1 g of dry material The activity was , however , completely destroyed by autoclaving RBPC for 30 min at 121 degrees C In vitro digestion tests showed that RBPC was easily digested by pepsin but was resistant to the attack by trypsin , compared with autoclaved RBPC .
Concerning in vivo digestion , however , there was no significant difference in apparent nitrogen digestibility between RBPC and the heated RBPC .
In growth experiments with weanling rats fed a 10% level of protein diet , growth depression and the tendency of slight pancreatic hypertrophy were observed in rats receiving a RBPC diet .
It is presumed that one of the reasons which explains these phenomena is the presence of trypsin inhibitor in RBPC . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Nutritional significance of a rice bran concentrate with trypsin inhibitor activity .
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| Title: [ Tryptophan content of cereal proteins ] | | Author: Wieser H Seilmeier W Eggert M Belitz HD .
| | Journal: Citation: V : 177 ( 6 ) P : 457-60 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub6666351 Accession (PMID): 6666351 | | Abstract: The tryptophan contents of the albumin , globulin , prolamine and glutelin fractions from wheat , rye , barley , oat , sorghum , rice and maize were estimated by HPLC after alkaline hydrolysis .
Complete amino acid compositions , including the amide contents , are given for all these protein fractions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Tryptophan content of cereal proteins ]
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| Title: [ Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection via contaminated water and food ] | | Author: Calvo-Mndez ML Nogueda-Torres B Alejandre-Aguilar R Corts-Jimnez M | | Journal: Rev . Latinoam . Microbiol . Citation: V : 36 ( 1 ) P : 67-9 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub7938944 Accession (PMID): 7938944 | | Abstract: In order to determine the efficiency of different foods and water to maintain the infectivity of T cruzi , the percentage of animals that resulted infected when they were ingested was registered .
The materials were contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes from triatomine bugs feces , the infection in the mice were registered by directed observation of the parasite in the blood and corroborate by xenodiagnosis .
Pasteurized milk infected the highest number of mice and the infectivity lasted longer than any other item tested .
The efficacy of infectivity of fresh cheese and rice lasted after three hours and the percentage of infected mice was lower than with milk .
Cooked and raw beefmeal and water resulted in the lowest , although similar number of infected mice .
The infective capacity lasted only for a short time .
It appears that the main differences obtained in infectivity depended on the different contents of moisture and nutrients in the solution . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: [ Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection via contaminated water and food ]
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| Title: Lysine and tryptophan in cereal-based diets for adult human subjects .
| | Author: Clark HE Bailey LB Brewer MF .
| | Journal: Am .
J Clin . Nutr . Citation: V : 30 ( 5 ) P : 674-80 Year: 1977 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub855810 Accession (PMID): 855810 | | Abstract: A basic diet containing rice , wheat , and corn that furnished 6 . 0 g of nitrogen per day was consumed by health young adults .
Two levels of lysine , 900 and 1800 mg , and three of tryptophan , 260 , 390 , and 520 mg , were tested .
Lysine exerted a significant effect ( P less than 0 . 05 ) on nitrogen retention but tryptophan did not .
When consumed in conjunction with at least twice the reported minimal requirements of other essential amino acids , 900 mg of lysine induced mean daily balances of 0 . 15 +/- 0 . 18 , 0 . 19 +/- 0 . 14 , and 0 . 22 +/- 0 . 21 g , respectively , in response to the three levels of tryptophan ; and 1800 mg of lysine caused retentions of 0 . 75 +/- 0 . 14 , 0 . 77 +/- 0 . 21 and 0 . 71 +/- 0 . 15 g .
These findings are discussed in relation to fulfillment of protein and amino acid requirements of adult human subjects . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Lysine and tryptophan in cereal-based diets for adult human subjects .
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| Title: Organisation of the mitochondrial genome of Trichophyton rubrum .
DNA sequence analysis of the ND4 gene , the ATPase subunit-6 gene , the ribosomal RNA small-subunit gene , the ND6 gene , the COXIII gene , the ATPase subunit-8 gene and six tRNA genes that correspond respectively to the tyrosine , lysine , glutamine , asparagine , isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors .
| | Author: de Bivre C Dujon B | | Journal: Curr . Genet . Citation: V : 28 ( 6 ) P : 553-9 Year: 1995 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8593686 Accession (PMID): 8593686 | | Abstract: We present the nucleotide sequence of a 5207-bp-long region of the mitochondrial genome of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum .
This represents about 1/5th of the total genome and extends a previous study .
From the 5 end of the present sequence , the order of genes is as follows : the end of the ND4 gene , the gene coding for subunit 6 of ATPase , the gene coding for the small ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA ) , the tyrosyl tRNA gene , the ND6 gene , the COXIII gene , the ATPase 8 subunit gene and a cluster of tRNAs genes corresponding respectively to the lysine , glutamine , asparagine , isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors .
The interesting features of this region are its compact organisation , the presence of subunit 8 of the ATPase gene and the secondary structure of SSU rRNA which is close to that of Aspergillus nidulans .
On the basis of the order of the genes , which is essentially similar to that of A nidulans , we can also assume that the LSU rRNA subunit gene should be just upstream of this sequenced region . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: DNA sequence analysis of the ND4 gene , the ATPase subunit-6 gene , the ribosomal RNA small-subunit gene , the ND6 gene , the COXIII gene , the ATPase subunit-8 gene and six tRNA genes that correspond respectively to the tyrosine , lysine , glutamine , asparagine , isoleucine and tryptophan isoacceptors .
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| Title: The tryptophan content in protein of cereal grains and legume seeds as a function of nitrogen content .
A reappraisal of tryptophan score .
| | Author: Delhaye S Landry J | | Journal: Adv . Exp . Med . Biol . Citation: V : 398 ( ) P : 661-4 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8906341 Accession (PMID): 8906341 | | Abstract: The tryptophan content ( [ Trp ] ) in the dry matter ( DM ) of wheat , maize , barley , sorghum , rice , pearl millet grains , pea and broad bean seeds is evaluated from samples , with various nitrogen contents ( [ N ] DM ) and genotypes , using a procedure that has been shown to be strictly quantitative .
The determination of linear correlations between [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM , and between the tryptophan content in protein ( [ Trp ] N ) and [ N ] DM or 1/ [ N ] DM for every species leads to the following observations : ( 1 ) [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM are linearly related .
The data show that previous reports of similar relationships underestimate tryptophan by 10 +/- 5% owing to tryptophan degradation during alkaline hydrolysis preparatory to analysis ; ( 2 ) the linear correlations between [ Trp ] N and 1/ [ N ] DM , resulting from linear relationships [ Trp ] DM and [ N ] DM display coefficients of determination ( r2 ) far lower than 1 and similar to those found for linear correlations between [ Trp ] N and [ N ] DM ; ( 3 ) [ Trp ] N increases with [ N ] DM increasing for rice and pearl millet while it decreases for all other species .
In conclusion : ( 1 ) linear relationships between tryptophan and nitrogen have a low predictive value ; ( 2 ) the nutritional score of tryptophan of foods and feeds , as calculated from the determination of tryptophan using a procedure involving alkaline hydrolysis , is generally underestimated by 10% .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: The tryptophan content in protein of cereal grains and legume seeds as a function of nitrogen content .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: A reappraisal of tryptophan score .
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| Title: Changes in activity , antigenicity , and molecular size of rice bran trypsin inhibitor by in vitro digestion .
| | Author: Tashiro M Ikegami S | | Journal: J Nutr . Sci . Vitaminol . Citation: V : 42 ( 4 ) P : 367-76 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub8906637 Accession (PMID): 8906637 | | Abstract: Rice bran trypsin inhibitor ( RBTI ) was digested by pepsin alone or by pepsin and pancreatin with or without bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) to clarify the changes in trypsin inhibitory activity , apparent antigenicity , and molecular size of RBTI .
In vitro pepsin digestion of RBTI in the absence of BSA caused the gradual loss of the trypsin inhibitory activity and antigenicity .
This was mostly due to a progressive degradation of the native 14 . 5-kDa RBTI molecule to small molecular mass products .
The presence of BSA in the digestion mixture prevented the RBTI degradation and was accompanied with a considerable protection of the activity and antigenicity .
Similar results were also given by in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion .
These findings suggest that RBTI may be present in its active form in the gastrointestinal tract when fed to animals , especially with a dietary protein . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Changes in activity , antigenicity , and molecular size of rice bran trypsin inhibitor by in vitro digestion .
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| Title: Identification and amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides of a novel ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from rice .
| | Author: Swegle M Mattoo AK .
| | Journal: Plant Cell Physiol .
Citation: V : 37 ( 8 ) P : 1183-7 Year: 1996 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9032969 Accession (PMID): 9032969 | | Abstract: A 37-kDa protein purified from rice thylakoid membranes has been identified as a ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase based on its catalysis of the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium via NADPH and its recognition by antibodies against ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase .
Amino acid sequences determined from tryptic fragments of the enzyme further confirm the identity of the protein and show the presence of unique sequences at the amino-terminus . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Identification and amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides of a novel ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from rice .
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| Title: Isolation of a cDNA for tryptophan synthase beta from rice and studies of its expression in a 5-methyltryptophan-resistant mutant of rice .
| | Author: Kisaka H Kisaka M Lee HY Kameya T | | Journal: Plant Mol . Biol . Citation: V : 38 ( 5 ) P : 875-8 Year: 1998 Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9862503 Accession (PMID): 9862503 | | Abstract: A cDNA clone encoding rice tryptophan synthase beta ( TSB ) was isolated and its transcript level was examined in TR-No 73 , a derivative of a previously isolated rice mutant ( TR-1 ) that is resistant to 5-methyltryptophan .
The cDNA sequence of the rice gene for TSB was very similar to that of genes for TSB from other plants .
Northern blotting analysis revealed that the steady-state level of TSB mRNA in the 5MT-resistant mutant TR-No 73 was 1 . 3 times higher than the level of TSB mRNA in control rice plants under standard conditions .
The level of TSB mRNA in control rice plants decreased after treatment of plants with 5MT .
Similarly , the level of TSB mRNA in TR-No 73 initially decreased , although less so than in control rice .
However , after 12 h of treatment with 5MT , the level of the transcript in TR-No 73 returned to the level under standard conditions .
The activity of tryptophan synthase ( TS ) in seedlings of TR-No 73 was about 2 . 3 times higher than that in seedlings of control rice under standard conditions . | Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Isolation of a cDNA for tryptophan synthase beta from rice and studies of its expression in a 5-methyltryptophan-resistant mutant of rice .
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Score: 2.00 |
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| Title: Inhibitors of pepsin , trypsin and chymotrypsin in seeds of plants consumed by humans and animals .
I Evaluation of pepsin , trypsin , and chymotrypsin inhibitors activity in seeds of 26 plant species .
| | Author: BaEowska A Roszkowska-Jakimiec W Worowski K | | Journal: Rocz . Akad . Med . Bialymst Citation: V : 43 ( ) P : 278-86 Year: Type: ARTICLE | | Literature: oryza Field: title Doc ID: pub9972064 Accession (PMID): 9972064 | | Abstract: Antipepsin , antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activity was determined in seed extracts of 26 plants consumed by humans and animals ( small bean , broad bean , pumpkin , kidney bean , charlock , pea , buckwheat , barley , maize , flax , lupine , poppy , almond , peanut , hazel , walnut , oat , millet , wheat , rice , rape , sunflower , lentils soya bean , vetch , rye ) .
Antipepsin activity is found in the seeds of small bean , pumpkin , flax , peanut , walnut , oat , wheat , sunflower , lentils and soya bean .
Antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activities are of different intensity in seed extracts of all examined plants .
| Matching Sentences:
[ Sen. 1, subscore: 1.00 ]: Inhibitors of pepsin , trypsin and chymotrypsin in seeds of plants consumed by humans and animals .
[ Sen. 2, subscore: 1.00 ]: I Evaluation of pepsin , trypsin , and chymotrypsin inhibitors activity in seeds of 26 plant species .
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